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Islamic State – Khorasan Province

June 16, 2023

Not to be confused with Greater Khorasan, Khorasan province, or Khorasan group.

The Islamic State – Khorasan Province (Arabic: الدولة الإسلامية­ – ولاية خراسان;[25][26] ISIS-K) is an affiliate of the Islamic State militant group active in South Asia and Central Asia. Some media sources also use the terms ISK (or IS–K), ISISK (or ISIS–K), ISKP (or IS–KP), Daesh–Khorasan or Daesh–K in referring to the group. ISIS-K has been active in Afghanistan,[27][12] Pakistan,[28] Tajikistan,[29] and Uzbekistan,[30] where they claimed attacks.[31][32] The ISIS-K and Taliban consider each other enemies.[33][34]

Islamic State – Khorasan Province
الدولة الإسلامية – ولاية خراسان
Logo of the Islamic State's Khorasan Province
LeadersEmir:

Field commanders:

Dates of operation26 January 2015[11]–present
HeadquartersAchin District, Afghanistan (de facto, originally)
Active regionsAfghanistan
Pakistan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Size2,500–4,000 (UN report)[12]
Part of Islamic State[13]
AlliesSubgroups
Groups
Opponents
Battles and warsOperation Khyber
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

The group was created in January 2015 by disaffected Taliban in eastern Afghanistan,[33] although its membership includes individuals from various countries, notably Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar.[35] Its initial leaders, Hafiz Saeed Khan and Abdul Rauf Aliza, were killed by US forces in July 2016[36] and February 2015,[37] respectively. Subsequent leaders have also been killed; its leader Abdullah Orokzai was captured in April 2020 by Afghanistan's former intelligence service, the National Directorate of Security.[8][38]

ISIS-K has conducted numerous high-profile attacks against civilians, primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan.[31] In July 2018, ISIS-K bombings killed 149 in Mastung, Pakistan. In May 2021, an ISIS-K bombing killed 90 in Kabul. In August 2021, ISIS-K killed 13 American military personnel and at least 169 Afghans during the U.S. evacuation of Kabul, which marked the highest number of U.S. military deaths in an attack in Afghanistan since 2011.[39][40][41]

Background

Around September 2014, IS sent representatives to Pakistan to meet with local militants including some Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) factions, following months of discussions.[42] At the same time, leaflets, flags and propaganda materials in support of IS began being distributed in parts of Pakistan, including a pamphlet written in Pashto and Dari that called on all Muslims to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The leaflets were believed to have been produced and distributed from across the border in Afghanistan.[43] In October 2014, former Taliban commander Abdul Rauf Khadim visited Iraq, later returning to Afghanistan where he recruited followers in Helmand and Farah provinces.[44] In the same month, six TTP commanders; Hafiz Khan Saeed, official spokesman Shahidullah Shahid, and the TTP commanders of Kurram and Khyber tribal regions and Peshawar and Hangu Districts, publicly defected from the TTP and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.[45][46]

On 10 January 2015, these six individuals appeared in a video where they again pledged allegiance to al-Baghdadi and nominated Hafiz Saeed Khan as the leader of their group. They were joined by other mid-level militant commanders including representatives from Afghanistan's Logar and Kunar Province and Pakistan's Lakki Marwat. Shahidullah Shahid claimed that other jihadists from both countries supported the pledge of allegiance (Arabic: بَيْعَة; bay'ah) but had been unable to attend the meeting in person.[46][47] The newly formed group was later joined by the members of Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan and other Central Asian militants.[48]

Since 2017, ISIS-K has been responsible for about 250 clashes with U.S. troops and Afghan and Pakistani security forces.[49]

Goal

See also: Territory of the Islamic State

As a "province" (Arabic: وَلاية; wilayah) of the core Islamic State, the group aims to establish control of Central Asia and South Asia under the Khorasan Province banner of the self-declared caliphate. A map published by IS propaganda shows the Khorasan area stretching from Kazakhstan in the north to Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the south, and from eastern Iran in the west to western China in the east.[50]

History

 
The group's original base and stronghold, Achin in eastern Afghanistan

On 26 January 2015, IS's official spokesman Abu Muhammad al-Adnani released an audio statement in which he accepted the earlier pledge of allegiance and announced the expansion of IS's caliphate with the creation of Wilayat Khorasan (Khorasan Province), a historical region incorporating parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Hafiz Khan Saeed was appointed as its local leader or Wāli (Governor).[51][52] Abdul Rauf was named as Khan's deputy and was killed by a US drone strike in Afghanistan some weeks later.[53]

 
IS fighters in Afghanistan with their commander Abu Rashid in the middle during a documentary by Al Jazeera and Euronews inside their territory.

IS began actively recruiting defectors from the Taliban in particular among those who were disgruntled with their leaders or lack of battlefield success. This prompted senior Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour to write a letter addressed to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, asking for the recruitment in Afghanistan to stop and arguing that the war in Afghanistan should be under the Taliban leadership.[54] Nevertheless, fighting between the two groups broke out in Nangarhar Province and by June 2015 IS had been able to seize territory in Afghanistan for the first time.[55] After driving the Taliban out of certain districts of Nangarhar after months of clashes, the group started carrying out its first attacks against Afghan forces in the province.[56] Khorasan Province also developed a presence in other provinces including Helmand and Farah.[57] In 2015, IS began broadcasting Pashto language radio in Nangarhar Province,[58] later on adding content in Dari.[59]

The group was boosted in August 2015 when the Afghanistan-based militant group, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU), pledged allegiance to IS and declared that it was a member of Wilayah Khorasan.[60] Clashes broke out between IMU and the Taliban in Zabul Province following this pledge. The Taliban launched an offensive causing casualties.[61][62] The Taliban succeeded in dislodging IS from Farah province over the same period.[18]

In 2016, the group lost control of the majority of its territory in Nangarhar province. It was driven out of Achin and Shinwar Districts following a military operation by Afghan Security Forces[63] while clashes with the Taliban led to it being driven out of Batikot and Chaparhar districts.[18] Following the loosening of targeting restrictions by US Forces in Afghanistan earlier in the year, the US Air Force began conducting scores of air strikes against IS targets.[64] In April 2016, the Taliban reported that a number of senior and mid-level leaders of Wilayah Khorasan in Nangarhar Province had defected from IS and pledged allegiance to Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour. The defectors included members of the group's central council, judicial council and prisoners council as well as certain field commanders and fighters.[65]

 
IS fighters who have surrendered after the Battle of Darzab in April 2018

A stronghold in eastern Afghanistan also collapsed as a result of concerted military offensives from United States, Afghan forces and Taliban.[66] On 25 December 2017, in a video of a Kashmiri militant declaring allegiance to the Islamic State and declaring an ISIS-K Province in Kashmir, the fighter called on Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind to ally with or give allegiance to IS and wage jihad in Kashmir against the Indian government but the group declined.[67]

On 24 January 2018, militants launched a bomb and gun attack on a Save the Children office in Jalalabad, killing six people and injuring 27. ISIS-K claimed responsibility, saying it was targeting Western institutions. In the aftermath of the attack, Save the Children suspended its operations in Afghanistan.[68]

On 15 May 2019, ISIS declared new 'Pakistan Province' and 'India Province' branches after claiming attacks in Balochistan and Kashmir respectively. This suggests that while the Khorasan Province still exists, its self-proclaimed geographical area may be reduced.[69]

On 17 August 2019, a suicide bombing took place during a wedding in a wedding hall in Kabul. At least 92 people were killed in the attack and over 140 injured.[70] ISIS-K claimed responsibility for the bombing, stating that the attack targeted the Shi'ites.[71]

On 4 April 2020, the National Directorate of Security announced the arrest of the head of IS Aslam Farooqi by the Afghan military forces who took him into custody along with 20 other commanders.[72]

 
Protest in Tehran following the 2020 Kabul University attack

On 12 May 2020, a hospital's maternity ward in Kabul and a funeral in Kuz Kunar were attacked, resulting in the deaths of 56 people and injuries of 148 others, including newborn babies, mothers, nurses, and mourners.[73][74] The U.S. government said that ISIS-K conducted the May 2020 Afghanistan attacks, not the Taliban, but this assertion was rejected by Afghan government.[75]

By May 2020 IS-KP territorial control in Afghanistan was reportedly limited to parts of Chawkay District in Kunar province, specifically Chalas village, Dewaygal Valley and Shuraz Valley.[76]

On 26 July 2020, a United Nations report stated that even though the IS branch in Afghanistan had undergone further severe reverses in its former Afghan strongholds of Nangarhar and Kunar provinces, it was too soon to discount it as a threat and although in territorial retreat, IS in Afghanistan remains capable of carrying out high-profile attacks in various parts of the country, including Kabul, it added.[77]

On 24 October 2020, a suicide bombing killed at least 30 people and another 70 were injured outside an educational center in Kabul.[78] The ISIS-K claimed responsibility for the attack.[79]

On 2 November 2020, more than 32 people were killed and 50 others injured in an attack on Kabul University.[80] The ISIS-K claimed responsibility for the attack.[81]

In March 2021, three female media workers were shot dead in Jalalabad. The ISIS-K claimed responsibility for the attack.[82]

 
Gathering outside Afghan embassy in Tehran to condemn the 2021 Kabul school bombing

On 8 May 2021, a car bombing, followed by two more improvised explosive device (IED) blasts, occurred in front of Sayed al-Shuhada school in Dashte Barchi, a predominantly Shia neighborhood of western Kabul, leaving at least 90 people dead and 240 injured.[83][84] The majority of the casualties were girls between 11 and 15 years old.[85] The attack took place in a neighborhood that has frequently been attacked by militants belonging to the regional ISIS-K over the years.[86] Taliban spokesman condemned the attack and held ISIS-K responsible for the attack.[86][84]

On 15 May 2021, a bomb exploded inside a Kabul mosque as worshippers gathered for the Muslim festival of Eid al-Fitr, killing at least 12 people and injuring another 15.[87] The ISIS-K claimed responsibility for the attack.[88]

On 26 August 2021, an ISIS-K suicide bomber attacked Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, killing over 170 people, including 28 Taliban members and 13 US military personnel.[89] Amidst the Taliban advance on Kabul in preceding weeks, hundreds to thousands of ISIS-K prisoners had been released or otherwise escaped from detention, leading to U.S. fears of attacks on the airport and future targets.[90][91][92] After the attack, the Taliban announced that they would curtail the operations of ISIS-K and capture its leader Shahab al-Muhajir.[93]

In October 2021, US sanctioned a man named Ismatullah Khalozai, because he transferred funds to ISIS-K from his Turkey based business for over two years. He was also accused of using a United Arab Emirates based financing scheme to fund the ISIS-K before and for human trafficking and helping mercenaries.[94]

On 6 September 2022, the Human Rights Watch reported that since the Taliban took over Afghanistan in August 2021, the ISIS-K has claimed responsibility for 13 attacks against Hazaras and has been linked to at least 3 more, killing and injuring at least 700 people. The Islamic State affiliate has repeatedly attacked Hazaras and other religious minorities at mosques, schools, and workplaces.[95]

Claimed and alleged attacks

List
Date Attack Location Notes Dead Injured
18 April 2015 2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated outside a bank in Jalalabad. 33 100
13 May 2015 2015 Karachi bus shooting Karachi, Pakistan A group of 8 gunmen attacked a bus in Karachi. Claim disputed. 45+ Dozens
13 January 2016 Jalalabad, Afghanistan Three attackers belonging to ISIS launched an attack on Pakistani consulate in Afghanistan. The attack resulted in death of seven members of Afghan security forces.[96] 7 0
20 June 2016 Kabul attack on Canadian Embassy guards Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber targeted a convoy of Canadian embassy security guards. Both IS and the Taliban claimed responsibility. 15+ or 16 (+1) 9
23 July 2016 July 2016 Kabul bombing Kabul, Afghanistan Two suicide bombers blew themselves up during a protest by the Hazara ethnic minority, in Kabul's deadliest attack since 2001 97 260
8 August 2016 August 2016 Quetta attacks Quetta, Pakistan Multiple attackers carried out a suicide bombing and shooting at a government hospital where lawyers were gathered. (Also claimed by Jamaat-ul-Ahrar)[97] 94 130+
24 October 2016 Charsadda, Pakistan An intelligence officer was shot dead. The attack was later claimed by IS in a statement posted on Amaq.[98] 1 0
24 October 2016 October 2016 Quetta attacks Quetta, Pakistan Three armed individuals carried out mass shooting at police cadets at the Quetta Police Training College while they were asleep. One attacker killed during operation while other two blew themselves up, killing 61 cadets. (Also claimed by Lashkar-e-Jhangvi)[99][100][101] 61 160+
26 October 2016 Ghor Province, Afghanistan Fighters killed at least 30 civilians after abducting them in the Afghan province of Ghor.[102] 30 0
26 October 2016 Jalalabad, Afghanistan An IS suicide bomber killed a number of Afghan tribal elders.[103] 4–15 25
4 November 2016 Ghor Province, Afghanistan IS executed 31 civilians in Ghor Province.[104] 31 0
5 November 2016 Ghor Province, Afghanistan IS abducted at least 6 civilians in Ghor province.[104] 0 6 kidnapped
12 November 2016 2016 Khuzdar bombing Khuzdar, Pakistan At least 55 people including women and children were killed when a suicide bomber went off in the crowded Shah Noorani Shrine in Hub town, Lasbela District, Balochistan, Pakistan.[105] 55 (+1) 102+
16 November 2016 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew himself up in a convoy with members of the Afghan National Security Forces, near the Defence ministry.[106] 6 (+1) 15
21 November 2016 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bombing at a Kabul Shia mosque "Baqir-ul-Olum."[107] 30 (+1) 15
25 November 2016 Jalalabad, Afghanistan Multiple bombs exploded in Jalalabad city.[108] 6 27
10 December 2016 Peshawar, Pakistan IS has claimed responsibility for killing a counterterrorism police officer and wounding his son in the northwestern Pakistani city of Peshawar.[109] 1 1
7 February 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide blast at Afghanistan's Supreme Court in Kabul.[110] IS claimed responsibility.[111] 22 41
8 February 2017 Qush Tepa District, Afghanistan IS killed six local employees of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the Qush Tepa district in Afghanistan. The assailants also took another two workers with them.[111] 6 2 kidnapped
16 February 2017 2017 Sehwan suicide bombing Sehwan, Pakistan A suicide bombing at a shrine in southern Pakistan.[112] 90 (+1) 250
8 March 2017 March 2017 Kabul attack Kabul, Afghanistan A group of gunmen dressed in white hospital robes attacked the Sardar Daud Khan Hospital.[113] 49 63
12 April 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked near government offices in Kabul. IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[114] 5 (+1) 10
3 May 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide car bomber detonated next to a convoy of NATO vehicles near the U.S. embassy in Kabul.[115] 8 (+1) 28
17 May 2017 Jalalabad, Afghanistan Four civilians and two police officers were killed when IS militants stormed a TV station in Jalalabad. Two militants blew themselves up and the other two have taken hostages. They were later killed by the police.[116] 6 (+4) 17
1 June 2017 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A car bomb went off outside the airport in Jalalabad.[117] 1 5
30 June 2017 Achin District, Afghanistan Seven civilians were killed and five others wounded when a bomb planted by IS militants blew up in the Achin district of Nangarhar province.[118] 7 5
25 July 2017 Sar-e Pol city, Afghanistan Militants affiliated with IS beheaded a man allegedly over sorcery in the capital of the northern province of Sar-e-Pol.[119] 1 0
31 July 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan IS militants committed an attack on the Iraqi Embassy in the Afghan capital Kabul. One terrorist blew himself up and another three entered the embassy. Two Afghan guards were killed and three others injured in the attack.[120] 2 (+4) 3
1 August 2017 2017 Herat mosque attack Herat, Afghanistan Two suicide bombers attacked a Shia mosque in Herat. One of the bombers shot at worshipers with a rifle before detonating himself. 33 (+2) 66
30 August 2017 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives in front of the house of an Afghan MP in Jalalabad. The explosion killed two guards and injured another one. A second attacker was killed before he could detonate himself.[121] 2 (+2) 1
20 October 2017 20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks Du Layna District, Afghanistan A suicide bombing in a Sunni mosque of Ghor Province. The main target of the attack was a local commander from the anti-Taliban Jamiat party.[122][123] 33 (+1) 10
20 October 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked inside a Shia mosque in Kabul.[124] 56 (+1) 55
31 October 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan An IS suicide bomber blew himself up in Kabul.[citation needed] 14 (+1) 13
7 November 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan A TV building was attacked in downtown Kabul by three militants. An employee and a security guard were killed. At least one militant blew himself up while the others were killed during a gunfight with security forces. IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[125] 2 (+3) 20
16 November 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan At least 19 people including eight police officers and ten civilians were killed in a bomb explosion outside a restaurant in Kabul.[126][127][128] 19 10
18 December 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan Gunmen attacked a training center of the National Directorate of Security in Kabul, injuring two policemen. All three attackers were gunned downed.[129] 0 (+3) 2
25 December 2017 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomb attack near the compound of Afghanistan's intelligence agency in Kabul.[130] 10 (+1) 5
28 December 2017 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber stormed a Shi‘ite cultural center and news agency in the Afghan capital, killing and wounding some including a number of students attending a conference. Two other bombs were detonated in the zone.[131][132] 50 (+1) 80
4 January 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bombing targeted a mobile police checkpoint in Kabul.[133] 20 30
7 January 2018 Kunar Province, Afghanistan Insurgents stormed a security checkpoint in Afghanistan's eastern Kunar province.[134] 3 8
24 January 2018 2018 Save the Children Jalalabad attack Jalalabad, Afghanistan A complex attack began with a suicide car bomb outside the Save The Children offices in the city of Jalalabad followed by gunmen entering the compound and fighting Afghan special forces.[135][136] 6 27
29 January 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan 11 Afghan soldiers were killed and 16 others were injured when five IS militants attacked an army post in Kabul. Four attackers were later killed by the security forces and another was arrested.[137] 11 (+4) 16
24 February 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide blast in the Shash Darak area of Kabul.[138][139] 3 (+1) 6
7 March 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber killed three people including the local head of the Ministry of Hajj and Religious Affairs.[140][141] 3 (+1) 16
9 March 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber set off explosives in a crowd of Shiite Muslims near a mosque complex in Kabul.[142] 10 (+1) 22
19 March 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A motorcycle bombing in Jalalabad in the Afghan province of Nangarhar.[143] 4 11
21 March 2018 March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bombing near a Shiite shrine in Kabul occurred as Afghans celebrated the Persian New Year.[144][145] 33 (+1) 65
25 March 2018 Herat, Afghanistan Two suicide bombers attacked a Shiite mosque in Herat, killing three including the two bombers.[146][147] 1 (+2) 9
30 March 2018 Watapur District, Afghanistan A member of the provincial council of Kunar and a religious scholar were killed in a suicide bombing in the Watapur district of Kunar province. A security guard was also wounded in the attack.[148][149] 2 (+1) 1
17 April 2018 Darzab District, Afghanistan IS fighters beheaded a 12-year-old boy in Darzab district in the northern Afghan province of Jowzjan.[150] 1 0
22 April 2018 22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomb attack at a voter registration centre in the Afghan capital Kabul. The casualties were all civilians most of whom had been waiting outside the office to apply for their IDs in order to register to vote in the upcoming elections.[151][152][153] 69 (+1) 120
22 April 2018 Chaparhar District, Afghanistan Three brothers were beheaded by IS militants in Chaparhar district in Nangarhar province in Afghanistan.[154] 3 0
29 April 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan At least seven people including children and policemen were injured in a bomb attack near a voter registration center in Jalalabad, the capital of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar.[155][156] 0 7
30 April 2018 30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings Kabul, Afghanistan Two suicide bombings in the Afghan capital Kabul.[157][158] 29 (+2) 50
4 June 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives targeting a gathering of Afghanistan's top clerics in Kabul. Afterwards, a magnetic bomb attached to a police car exploded and as a result three people were wounded. 14 (+1) 22
11 June 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives at an Afghan ministry in Kabul. 17 (+1) 40
16 June 2018 Rodat District, Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked at a gathering of Taliban and Afghan armed forces in the Rodat district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar. 36 (+1) 65
17 June 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives near the governor's compound in Afghanistan's eastern city of Jalalabad. 25 (+1) 50
30 June 2018 Khogyani District, Afghanistan IS militants beheaded at least three people working as attendants for a local school in the Khogyani district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar. The school building was also set on fire. 3 0
1 July 2018 July 2018 Jalalabad Suicide Bombing Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives in the center of the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad, killing at least 20 people including several members of the Sikh minority. 20 (+1) 20
5 July 2018 Khogyani District, Afghanistan Three Taliban militants including one commander were killed and four civilians injured in a bomb blast in the Khogyani district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar. 0 (+3) 4
9 July 2018 Chaparhar District, Afghanistan At least nine civilians including two children were injured in a bomb explosion in the Chaparhar district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar. 0 9
9 July 2018 Khogyani District, Afghanistan A Taliban insurgent and a civilian were killed in the Khogyani district of the Afghan province of Nangarhar. 1(+1) 0
10 July 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives near a petrol pump, killing two officials working for Afghanistan's intelligence agency and 10 civilians including children and sparking a fire that burned eight cars in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad. Five other people were taken to hospital. 12 (+1) 5
11 July 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A militant attack on the building of the provincial education department in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad. One suicide bomber detonated his explosives while two more were shot dead by the security forces in a gunfight lasting several hours. 12 (+3) 9
13 July 2018 13 July 2018 Pakistan bombings Mastung, Pakistan At least 131 people were killed[159] and more than 300 others injured in a suicide bombing at election rally.[160] 131 300+
15 July 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew himself up near a government ministry in Kabul. 8 (+1) 17
17 July 2018 Sayyad District, Afghanistan 27 including some Taliban militants were killed in a suicide bombing that targeted a funeral for a deceased person in the Sayyad district of the northern Afghan province of Sar-e Pol. 27 (+1) 23
20 July 2018 Bagrami District, Afghanistan A child was injured when a suicide bomber blew himself up before reaching his target in the Bagrami district of Kabul province, Afghanistan. 0 (+1) 1
22 July 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan At least 23 people including an AFP driver were killed in a suicide bombing near Kabul International Airport as scores of people were leaving the airport after welcoming home Afghan Vice President Abdul Rashid Dostum from exile. 23 (+1) 107
22 July 2018 Surkh-Rōd District, Afghanistan A gunman opened fire in a mosque in the Surkh-Rōd district in the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar, killing four people and injuring three others, including the mosque's religious leader. 4 3
25 July 2018 2018 Quetta Suicide Bombing Quetta, Pakistan At least 31 people including five policemen and two children were killed after a suicide bomber blew himself up outside a polling station in the Pakistani city of Quetta. 31 (+1) 40
28 July 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan Two security guards and a driver were killed after a suicide bomber detonated his explosives and another attacker stormed into a training center for midwives in Jalalabad, the capital of the Afghan province of Nangarhar. The second attacker was shot in an hour-long battle with the security forces. 3 (+2) 8
30 July 2018 Rodat District, Afghanistan A local tribal elder and three of his family members were killed in a suicide car bomb attack in the Rodat district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar. The son of the tribal leader also underwent some injuries in the attack. 4 (+1) 1
31 July 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew up a car near the entrance to the Department of Refugees and Returnees in the Afghan city of Jalalabad and then two armed men stormed the building. The attackers took several hostages during the attack. Security killed both gunmen after about six hours. 14 (+3) 26
3 August 2018 Gardez, Afghanistan Two militants dressed in burqa entered a Shiite mosque in the town of Gardez in the province of Paktia and opened fire. Both attackers later blew themselves up. 48 (+2) 70
5 August 2018 Jalalabad, Afghanistan Three officers of the Afghan National Army were killed and three others injured when a suicide bomber detonated his explosives in front of an army checkpoint in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad. 3 (+1) 3
15 August 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bombing in an educative academy of Kabul. 48 67
5 September 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan Suicide blasts targeted a Kabul Wrestling club and emergency teams, two journalists were among the dead, IS claimed responsibility for the bombing.[161][162][163][164] 26 (+2) 91
9 September 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber on a motorbike blew himself up near a group of people commemorating the death anniversary of a resistance leader in Kabul on Sunday, killing at least seven people and injuring an additional 25, officials said, IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[165][166] 7 (+1) 25
26 September 2018 Kalat, Pakistan Two Pakistani soldiers were killed in the Kalat area of Manghochar Balochistan when they clashed with IS militants in a compound, all 3 IS militants were killed.[167] 2 (+3) 6
2 October 2018 Kama District, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated at an election rally in the Kama district of the Nangarhar Province, IS claimed responsibility through Amaq.[168][169] 14 (+1) 40
4 October 2018 Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan A bomb blast at an office of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[170] 2 9
10 October 2018 Momand Dara District. Afghanistan Three civilians were publicly executed by IS in a desert court in the Momand Dara District of Nangarhar Province.[171] 3 0
29 October 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber targeting an Independent Election Commission (IEC) in Kabul detonated, IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[172][173] 2 (+1) 7
31 October 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber targeting a bus carrying employees of Afghanistan's biggest prison in Kabul detonated, IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[174][175] 7 (+1) 5
12 November 2018 Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives near Pashtunistan Square, in Kabul city center among a crowd of Hazaras who were protesting violence against them, IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[176][177] 6 (+1) 20
23 November 2018 2018 Orakzai bombing Kalaya, Pakistan A suicide bomber detonated in a market in the Shi'ite dominated region of Kalaya, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northern Pakistan, IS claimed responsibility.[178][179][180][181][182][183] 34 (+1) 56
23 November 2018 Khost Province, Afghanistan A suicide bombing left 27 Afghan National Army personnel dead in a mosque at an army base in the Khost Province, Afghanistan, the Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack.[184][185][186][187] 27 (+1) 57
15 January 2019 Kabul, Afghanistan A car driver was killed in Kabul's PD9 when a magnetic bomb exploded while attached to the car. IS claimed responsibility and said that the person killed was an Afghan intelligence officer.[188][189] 1 0
5 February 2019 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A policeman was shot and killed by multiple gunmen in a targeted killing in the city of Jalalabad. The gunmen took the man's weapon away and IS took responsibility for the attack.[190][191] 1 0
13 February 2019 Alingar District, Afghanistan Two Taliban members were killed in an attack by ISIL Khorasan members in Laghman's Alingar District.[192] 2 0
6 March 2019 Jalalabad, Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked a building company near the Jalalabad Airport, later four gunmen attacked the area. All five attackers were killed in the attack. IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[193][194] 16 (+5) 10
7 March 2019 Kabul, Afghanistan Shelling at a gathering commemorating the death anniversary of Shia leader Abdul Ali Mazari. IS has claimed responsibility for the attack. One of the attackers was arrested.[195][196] 3 22
12 April 2019 2019 Quetta bombing Quetta, Pakistan A suicide blast took place in a potato stall in Shia dominated Hazarganji vegetable market.[197] 22 48+
20 April 2019 Kabul, Afghanistan An explosion followed by gunfire targeted the Afghan Ministry of Information, killing 10 (7 civilians, 3 security personnel). The four attackers were all eventually killed.[198] 10 5
17 August 2019 17 August 2019 Kabul bombing Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide blast took place in the men's reception area of a wedding hall in Kabul, in a Shia neighbourhood, packed with people celebrating a marriage.[199] 92 160+
6 November 2019 Rudaki, Tajikistan Around 20 ISIS militants from Afghanistan conducted an attack on a border post in Tajikistan after crossing into Tajikistan from Afghanistan. The attack resulted in death of a Tajik border guard and a police officer. In the ensuing firefight 15 ISIS militants were killed and five were arrested.[200][201] 17 (incl. 15 militants)
6 March 2020 6 March 2020 Kabul shooting Kabul, Afghanistan Two gunmen fired from a building that was under construction.[202][203] It happened during a ceremony to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the murder by the Taliban of Afghan Shia leader Abdul Ali Mazari.[202] The ceremony was attended by Afghan politician Abdullah Abdullah who escaped unharmed.[202] The two gunmen were killed later the same day.[202] IS claimed responsibility for the attack.[202][204][205] 32 81
25 March 2020 Kabul gurdwara attack Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide blast and an armed assault took place at a Sikh shrine in Kabul, Afghanistan. During the attack there were 200 worshippers inside the shrine, among them also Indian citizens. Attackers hold hostages inside which caused a 6 hours lasting shootout. The attack resulted in 25 Sikh whorkshippers killed. After the attack, Afghan and NATO soldiers helped with the clearance operation.[206] 25 8+
12 May 2020 May 2020 Afghanistan attacks Kuz Kunar District, Nangarhar, Afghanistan A suicide bombing took place in Kuz Kunar District, Nangarhar Province at the funeral of Shaikh Akram, a police commander who died of a heart attack a day before.[207][208][209][210] 32 133+
12 May 2020 May 2020 Afghanistan attacks Kabul, Afghanistan 16 mothers and eight children and babies are killed after Islamic State militants targeted the maternity unit of a hospital in the predominately Shi'ite Hazara neighborhood of Dashte Barchi Kabul, moving through the 55-bed maternity unit. The three gunmen were later killed during a battle with security forces. The mothers were specifically the main target of the attack according to authorities.[211] 24 (+3) 16
3 August 2020 Jalalabad prison attack Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan An attack was launched by ISIS-K-affiliated gunmen in Jalalabad prison, in which 200 ISIS-K-affiliated prisoners managed to escape. Three gunmen also died.[212] 29 (+3) 50+
25 October 2020 Kabul, Afghanistan An Islamic State suicide bomber struck near an education centre in the Afghan capital Kabul on Saturday.[213] 18 (+3) 57
10 December 2020 Jalalabad, Afghanistan TV and radio presenter Malalai Maiwand and her driver were killed in a shooting attack on their vehicle in the regional capital Jalalabad. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack.[214] 2 0
3 January 2021 2021 Machh attack Machh, Pakistan 11 Hazara coal miners are kidnapped near their mine and then killed by Islamic State militants in Machh, Pakistan.[215] 11 0
2 March 2021 Jalalabad, Afghanistan Three female media workers are shot dead in Jalalabad.[216] 3 1
8 May 2021 2021 Kabul school bombing Kabul, Afghanistan A car bombing followed by two more improvised explosive device (IED) blasts occurred in front of Sayed al-Shuhada school in Dashte Barchi, a predominantly Shia Hazara area in western Kabul, Afghanistan. The majority of the casualties were girls between 11 and 15 years old. The attack took place in a neighborhood that has been attacked by militants belonging to IS over the years. The Taliban blamed the attack on IS–KP.[217] 90 220
10 May 2021 Pul-e-Matak, Afghanistan A bus was hit by an IED, leaving 2 civilians dead. IS–K claimed the attack, stating that the Shia's on the bus were the target.[218] 2 9
13 May 2021 Sardawra, Afghanistan Two civilians including a child were killed after a remote-controlled explosive was detonated. IS–K later claimed responsibility.[218] 2 14
14 May 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan 12 people were killed including an Imam whilst worshipping in a mosque when an IED exploded within the mosque. ISIS later claimed responsibility.[219][220] 12 15
2 June 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan Two bombs were detonated targeting two different buses in Kabul. Both buses were transporting passengers of the Hazara ethnic group. ISIS later claimed the attack via Telegram.[221] 10 12
8 June 2021 Baghlan, Afghanistan ISIS–K claimed responsibility for attacking de-mining workers in Baghlan Province (north of the Afghan capital Kabul), 10 de-miners were shot dead.[222] 10 16
12 June 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan ISIS–K claimed responsibility for planting sticky bombs onto two vans carrying Shi'ites in a part of Kabul, creating two car bombs.[223] 7 4+
20 July 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan ISIS–K took responsibility for three rocket attacks which landed outside Afghan government presidential palace. Afghan president, Ashraf Ghani and other government and security officials were taking part in prayer at the time of the attack. No casualties were reported in the attack.[224] 0 0
27 July 2021 Jalalabad, Afghanistan ISIS-K claimed responsibility for the assassination of a NDS operative.[225] 1 0
28 July 2021 Kunduz, Afghanistan ISIS-K operatives abducted an Afghan police officer and released a video of them executing him with a pistol in the Kunduz area.[225] 1 0
29 July 2021 Jalalabad, Afghanistan ISIS-K claimed responsibility for assassinating an employee of the Pakistani embassy in Jalalabad.[226] 1 0
1 August 2021 Jalalabad, Afghanistan ISIS-K claimed responsibility for the assassination of a rival Taliban operative in Jalalabad.[225] 1 0
2 August 2021 Herat, Afghanistan ISIS-K claimed responsibility for detonating an explosive device targeting a bus full of Shias in the city of Herat.[227][228] 3 10
9 August 2021 Jalalabad, Afghanistan ISIS-K claimed responsibility for assassinating a former officer of the Afghan army in Jalalabad.[229] 1 0
26 August 2021 2021 Kabul airport attack Hamid Karzai International Airport, in Kabul, Afghanistan An ISIS-K suicide bomber blew himself up at the Kabul airport, killing 170 Afghan civilians and 13 US military personnel. The killed Americans were identified as 10 US Marines, two soldiers and one US Navy Medic. Three of the killed Afghans were British citizens. More than 200 other people were wounded, including a number of Taliban members and 18 Americans.[230] 183 200+
18 September 2021 Jalalabad and Kabul A series of bomb attacks in Jalalabad and Kabul city killed 7 people, including 2 taliban fighters, and injured 30 others. ISIS took responsibility for the series of bomb attacks and claimed that it killed or wounded more than 35 Taliban fighters in those bomb attacks.[231][232] 7 30
22 September 2021 Jalalabad, Afghanistan Two Taliban fighters and a civilian were killed in a attack by gunmen affiliated with Islamic State on security checkpoint in Jalalabad City, according to eyewitness and security officials.[233] 3 0
3 October 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan An explosion at the entrance to the Eidgah Mosque in Kabul left at least five people dead, where a memorial service was held for the mother of Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid. ISIS-K later claimed responsibility, saying it targeted and killed several Taliban operatives.[234] 5 7
6 October 2021 Khost, Afghanistan ISIS-K claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on a religious school in the city of Khost, killing at least 7 people including at least one Taliban fighter.[235][236] 7 15+
8 October 2021 2021 Kunduz mosque bombing Kunduz, Afghanistan On October 8, a Uyghur Islamic State militant, by the name of Muhammad al-Uyghuri killed 55-100 people and injured dozens more after launching a suicide bombing on a Shi'ite mosque in the city of Kunduz.[237][238][239][240] 55 100+
15 October 2021 2021 Kandahar bombing Kandahar, Afghanistan A suicide bombing occurred at the Imam Bargah mosque, a Shia mosque during Friday prayers in Kandahar, Afghanistan, killing at least 65 people and wounding more than 70 others. The Islamic State – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility for the attack via their Amaq News Agency.[241] 65 70+
2 November 2021 2021 Kabul hospital attack Kabul, Afghanistan On 2 November 2021, bombers and gunmen attacked Daoud Khan Military Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan. Militants attacked the hospital at its entrance gate by explosion and caused another explosion nearby, then continued the attack using guns. The Taliban said that they killed four attackers and arrested another. 25 50+
13 November 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan At least 2 killed and at least 5 injured in IED explosion which struck a bus in traveling on the main avenue in Kabul Dashti Barchi neighborhood. 2 5
17 November 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan Twin blasts in western Kabul's Dasht-e Barchi neighborhood killed one and wounded six others.[242] 1 6
24 November 2021 Rawalpindi, Pakistan On 24 November 2021, IS delineates "Khorasan Province" from "Pakistan Province" in attack claims, one involving targeted killing in Rawalpindi.[243] 1 0
23 December 2021 Kabul, Afghanistan A car bomb exploded near the gate outside the main passport department office in Kabul.[244][245] Islamic State later claims responsibility for the attack.[245] 0 0
4 March 2022 2022 Peshawar mosque bombing Peshawar, Pakistan On 4 March 2022, an Islamic State suicide bomber blew himself up at a Shiite mosque in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, killing at least 63 people.[246] 63 (+1) 196
8 March 2022 Sibi District, Pakistan On 8 March 2022, a suicide bomber detonated a suicide vest killing six Pakistani paramilitary men and injuring 22 more.[247] 6 (+1) 22
21 April 2022 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan A bomb exploded at a Shiite mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif during Friday prayers, killing 31 people and wounding 87. 31 87
3 August 2022 Kabul, Afghanistan Two Taliban police officers were killed and four were wounded during a gunbattle with Islamic State gunmen at a hideout in Kabul. Three Islamic State militants were also killed.[248] 2 (+3) 4
5 August 2022 Kabul, Afghanistan On 5 August 2022, eight people were killed and 18 others were injured when a bomb hidden in a cart exploded near a Shiite mosque in Kabul. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack.[249] 8 18
30 September 2022 September 2022 Kabul school bombing Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew himself up at the Kaaj education center in Dashte Barchi, a Hazara neighborhood in Kabul, Afghanistan, killing at least 52 people.[250] 52+ 110
2 December 2022 Kabul, Afghanistan Two attackers opened fire on the Pakistan Chargé d’Affaires Ubaid-ur-Rehman Nizamani at the Pakistani embassy compound in Kabul wounding his bodyguard.[251] 0 1
12 December 2022 2022 Kabul hotel attack Kabul, Afghanistan 3 IS militants set off explosives and set fire to the Longan Hotel in Kabul due to its ties to the Chinese government. 6 people were killed, including the attackers, and another 18 were injured, including foreign and Afghan civilians and Taliban soldiers.[252] 3 (+3) 18
1 January 2023 2023 Kabul airport bombing Kabul, Afghanistan An attacker detonated a bomb outside the entrance to the military portion of Kabul International Airport.[253] 20 (claimed) 30 (claimed)
11 January 2023 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing Kabul, Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated outside the Taliban foreign ministry office in Kabul, reportedly during the visit of a Chinese delegation.[254] 20+

Operations by opponents

2017 Nangarhar airstrike
Main article: 2017 Nangarhar airstrike

On 13 April 2017, a GBU-43/B MOAB was dropped in an airstrike on a cave complex in Achin District, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. It was the first use of the bomb on the battlefield.[255][256][257] The Afghan defence ministry reported it to have killed over 36 militants and destroyed the tunnel complex including a cache of weapons. No civilian casualties were reported.[258]

On 14 April 2017, Pakistan's security agencies along with the local police raided a house in Lahore's Factory Area as part of their combing operation which was approved by Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff Qamar Javed Bajwa in the aftermath of Mall Road bombing.[259] After an exchange of fire which killed one "terrorist", three other suspects were arrested, one of them being Noreen Leghari, a student from Hyderabad, Pakistan who was claimed to be missing by her family 4 days prior to the raid.[260] On a confessional statement released by ISPR, Noreen confessed to joining IS through a terrorist she met on social media, She also told authorities that she was recruited by IS to attack a church in Lahore on the Easter Sunday, two suicide jackets, four hand grenades and bullets were provided to them.[261] On 4 September 2019, in a joint operation of Counter Terrorism Department, FIA and Balochistan Constabulary at least 6 ISIS militants were killed in an intelligence-based operation in Quetta's Eastern Bypass area. During the operation, one official of the Balochistan Constabulary was killed and eight others from the Counter Terrorism Department were injured.[262]

Mohmand Valley raid
Main article: Mohmand Valley raid

On 26 April 2017, a joint raid operation committed by U.S. Army Rangers and Afghan Special Forces in the Nangarhar Province resulted in the death of Sheikh Abdul Hasib, the leader of IS in Afghanistan. Along with Hasib, a number of other commanders of IS were killed according to a statement by the U.S. Military. Two U.S. soldiers died during the operation, possibly due to friendly fire.[263] On 1 January 2019, Afghan Special Forces attacked ISIS–K in Nangarhar Province's Achin District, killing 27 militants according to officials. Two local ISIS leaders, Sediq Yar and Syed Omar, were reported to be among those killed.[264] On 10 January, senior ISIS–K commander Khetab Emir was also killed in a raid in Nangarhar according to a U.S. forces spokesman. Emir was reported to have facilitated major attacks and provided ISIS–K bombmakers with explosive materials.[265] On 30 April 2019, Afghan government forces undertook clearing operations directed against both ISIS–K and the Taliban in eastern Nangarhar Province after the two groups fought for over a week over a group of villages in an area of illegal talc mining. The National Directorate of Security claimed 22 ISIS–K fighters were killed and two weapons caches destroyed while the Taliban claimed US-backed Afghan forces killed seven civilians; a provincial official said over 9,000 families had been displaced by the fighting.[266] On 21 August 2019, an airstrike killed six militants of IS in Nangarhar province including two Pakistani nationals.[267]

Taliban operations
Main articles: Islamic State–Taliban conflict and Battle of Darzab (2018)

In July 2018, the Taliban launched an offensive against IS in the Jowzjan province.[268]

2021 U.S. airstrikes

On 27 August 2021, the United States launched an airstrike against three suspected ISIS-K members in Nangarhar Province.[269] On 29 August, a drone attack against a suspected Islamic State bomber in Kabul killed a family of 9, including 6 children.[270]

Analysis

US General Sean Swindell told the BBC in June 2015 that members of Khorasan Province were in contact with ISIL's central leadership in Syria although the exact relationship between the two is unclear.[271] ISIS-K remained the top terrorist threat, claiming responsibility for 41 terrorist attacks, including the 4 March 2022 bombing at a Shia mosque in Pakistan that killed 63 and wounded 200. ISIS-K has approximately 2,000 members in Afghanistan, and its attacks have focused on the Taliban, religious minorities, and economic infrastructure.

Relationship with the Taliban

Since the Taliban took control of the Afghan central government following the United States withdrawal and collapse of the Afghan National Army (ANA) in August 2021, the Taliban has been locked in a violent counterinsurgency struggle against ISIS-K.[272] The Taliban-led Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has sought international legitimacy by demonstrating its efforts to curb terrorism and secure national sovereignty over Afghan territory, namely for prospects of international investment to reverse Afghanistan's increasing poverty.[273][274] ISIS-K, seeking to establish the Khorasan Province of a greater Islamic State on Afghan territory, principally seeks to undermine the so called 'apostate' and 'Western puppet' Taliban regime in hopes of once again regaining control of Afghan territory.[275][276] Beginning in late 2022 and continuing through 2023, ISIS-K has launched attacks on diplomats from the People's Republic of China[251][254] and Islamic Republic of Pakistan,[251] nations with warmer relations towards the Taliban,[277] aiming to deter foreign recognition, investment, or support to the Taliban government through violent attacks exhibiting Taliban failures to provide security.[273]

Membership

According to a UN report, up to 70 IS fighters arrived from Iraq and Syria to form the initial core of the group in Afghanistan.[44] Most of the group's membership growth has come from recruiting Afghan defectors from the Taliban.[55] In Afghanistan, IS has not only been recruiting from the villages but also the urban middle class and specifically targeting the universities as there have been cases of lecturers in Islamic law as well as students at Kabul University pledging allegiance to the group.[278]

Foreign fighters from Pakistan and Uzbekistan are also known to be part of the group.[55] Other foreign fighters have included Indians, with 14 Keralites having been freed by the Taliban from prison following the fall of Kabul.[279] The Taliban also claimed that two Malaysians of ISIS-K were caught by them following a gun battle in Kabul on August 26, 2021.[280] Individuals from Myanmar and Bangladesh[35] have also been part of it, and one known Bangladeshi national of ISIS-K was arrested by the Afghan intelligence in 2020.[281]

After the takeover of Kabul by the Taliban in 2021, several members of Afghan intelligence agency and Afghan National Army have also joined the Islamic State – Khorasan Province.[282][283]

Foothold and strategy

While the group has managed to establish a foothold in Afghanistan, it has largely carried out isolated, smaller-scale attacks in Pakistan.[14] The group has also failed to establish a foothold in Pakistan because of anti-terrorism operations conducted by Pakistan's law enforcement agencies against the group. A series of successful operations by US, Afghan and coalition forces in Afghanistan against the group also crippled group's ability to operate in the region.[284]

Designation as a terrorist organization

Country Date References
  United States 20 May 2016 [285]
  Australia 3 November 2017 [286]
  Canada 23 May 2018 [287]
  India 21 June 2018 [288]
  United Nations 14 May 2019 [289]
  Argentina 14 May 2019 [290]
  New Zealand 14 May 2019 [291]
  Iraq 16 May 2019 [292]
  Afghanistan 3 July 2022 [293]

See also

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  290. ^ "Registro Público de Personas y Entidades vinculadas a actos de Terrorismo y su Financiamiento - RePET -". Ministero de Justicia y Derechos Humanos. Presidencia de la Nación. n.d. Retrieved 8 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  291. ^ (PDF). New Zealand Police. New Zealand Government. 21 June 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
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  293. ^ Akbarzai, Sahar; Ehsan, Popalzai; Kottasová, Ivana (3 July 2022). "Taliban labels Islamic State affiliate a 'false sect'". CNN. Retrieved 4 July 2022. The Taliban has declared the Islamic State affiliate ISIS-K a corrupt "sect" and forbidden Afghans from contact with it.

External links

  • Frontline: ISIS in Afghanistan (November 2015), documentary by PBS

June 16, 2023
islamic, state, khorasan, province, confused, with, greater, khorasan, khorasan, province, khorasan, group, arabic, الدولة, الإسلامية, ولاية, خراسان, isis, affiliate, islamic, state, militant, group, active, south, asia, central, asia, some, media, sources, al. Not to be confused with Greater Khorasan Khorasan province or Khorasan group The Islamic State Khorasan Province Arabic الدولة الإسلامية ولاية خراسان 25 26 ISIS K is an affiliate of the Islamic State militant group active in South Asia and Central Asia Some media sources also use the terms ISK or IS K ISISK or ISIS K ISKP or IS KP Daesh Khorasan or Daesh K in referring to the group ISIS K has been active in Afghanistan 27 12 Pakistan 28 Tajikistan 29 and Uzbekistan 30 where they claimed attacks 31 32 The ISIS K and Taliban consider each other enemies 33 34 Islamic State Khorasan Provinceالدولة الإسلامية ولاية خراسانLogo of the Islamic State s Khorasan ProvinceLeadersEmir Hafiz Saeed Khan 2015 Jul 2016 Abdul Haseeb Logari 1 2 2016 Apr 2017 Abdul Rahman Ghaleb 3 4 Apr Jul 2017 Abu Saad Erhabi 5 Jul 2017 Aug 2018 Ziya ul Haq 6 Aug 2018 Apr 2019 Abdullah Orokzai POW 7 8 Apr 2019 Apr 2020 Shahab al Muhajir April 2020 present possibly died in June 2023 9 Field commanders Sultan Aziz Azam 10 Maulawi Rajab 10 Maulawi Habib ur Rahman Ismatullah Khalozai 10 Qari Hekmat Mufti Nemat Dawood Ahmad Sofi Mohamed Zahran Ishfaq Ahmed Sofi Dates of operation26 January 2015 11 presentHeadquartersAchin District Afghanistan de facto originally Active regionsAfghanistanPakistanTajikistanUzbekistanSize2 500 4 000 UN report 12 Part of Islamic State 13 AlliesSubgroupsIslamic Movement of Uzbekistan since 2015 Jundallah since 2014 GroupsTehrik i Taliban Pakistan 14 Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan claimed by Tajik government Tehreek e Khilafat Pakistan 15 Jamaat ul Ahrar Aug 2014 Mar 2015 National Thowheeth Jama ath 2016 May 2019 Gansu Hui Group China 16 Opponents Afghanistan Taliban 17 18 Pakistan 19 20 Tajikistan Iran 21 India 22 United Arab Emirates Iraq China Russia United States Saudi Arabia Syria Turkey Jordan Kazakhstan Bangladesh Uzbekistan United Kingdom 23 Australia 24 Battles and warsOperation KhyberWar in Afghanistan 2001 2021 Nangarhar offensive Mohmand Valley raid Islamic State Taliban conflict Balkhab uprisingThe group was created in January 2015 by disaffected Taliban in eastern Afghanistan 33 although its membership includes individuals from various countries notably Pakistan Bangladesh India and Myanmar 35 Its initial leaders Hafiz Saeed Khan and Abdul Rauf Aliza were killed by US forces in July 2016 36 and February 2015 37 respectively Subsequent leaders have also been killed its leader Abdullah Orokzai was captured in April 2020 by Afghanistan s former intelligence service the National Directorate of Security 8 38 ISIS K has conducted numerous high profile attacks against civilians primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan 31 In July 2018 ISIS K bombings killed 149 in Mastung Pakistan In May 2021 an ISIS K bombing killed 90 in Kabul In August 2021 ISIS K killed 13 American military personnel and at least 169 Afghans during the U S evacuation of Kabul which marked the highest number of U S military deaths in an attack in Afghanistan since 2011 39 40 41 Contents 1 Background 1 1 Goal 2 History 2 1 Claimed and alleged attacks 2 2 Operations by opponents 3 Analysis 3 1 Relationship with the Taliban 3 2 Membership 3 3 Foothold and strategy 3 4 Designation as a terrorist organization 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBackground EditAround September 2014 IS sent representatives to Pakistan to meet with local militants including some Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan TTP factions following months of discussions 42 At the same time leaflets flags and propaganda materials in support of IS began being distributed in parts of Pakistan including a pamphlet written in Pashto and Dari that called on all Muslims to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi The leaflets were believed to have been produced and distributed from across the border in Afghanistan 43 In October 2014 former Taliban commander Abdul Rauf Khadim visited Iraq later returning to Afghanistan where he recruited followers in Helmand and Farah provinces 44 In the same month six TTP commanders Hafiz Khan Saeed official spokesman Shahidullah Shahid and the TTP commanders of Kurram and Khyber tribal regions and Peshawar and Hangu Districts publicly defected from the TTP and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi 45 46 On 10 January 2015 these six individuals appeared in a video where they again pledged allegiance to al Baghdadi and nominated Hafiz Saeed Khan as the leader of their group They were joined by other mid level militant commanders including representatives from Afghanistan s Logar and Kunar Province and Pakistan s Lakki Marwat Shahidullah Shahid claimed that other jihadists from both countries supported the pledge of allegiance Arabic ب ي ع ة bay ah but had been unable to attend the meeting in person 46 47 The newly formed group was later joined by the members of Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan and other Central Asian militants 48 Since 2017 ISIS K has been responsible for about 250 clashes with U S troops and Afghan and Pakistani security forces 49 Goal Edit See also Territory of the Islamic State As a province Arabic و لاية wilayah of the core Islamic State the group aims to establish control of Central Asia and South Asia under the Khorasan Province banner of the self declared caliphate A map published by IS propaganda shows the Khorasan area stretching from Kazakhstan in the north to Sri Lanka and the Maldives in the south and from eastern Iran in the west to western China in the east 50 History Edit The group s original base and stronghold Achin in eastern Afghanistan On 26 January 2015 IS s official spokesman Abu Muhammad al Adnani released an audio statement in which he accepted the earlier pledge of allegiance and announced the expansion of IS s caliphate with the creation of Wilayat Khorasan Khorasan Province a historical region incorporating parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan Hafiz Khan Saeed was appointed as its local leader or Wali Governor 51 52 Abdul Rauf was named as Khan s deputy and was killed by a US drone strike in Afghanistan some weeks later 53 IS fighters in Afghanistan with their commander Abu Rashid in the middle during a documentary by Al Jazeera and Euronews inside their territory IS began actively recruiting defectors from the Taliban in particular among those who were disgruntled with their leaders or lack of battlefield success This prompted senior Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour to write a letter addressed to Abu Bakr al Baghdadi asking for the recruitment in Afghanistan to stop and arguing that the war in Afghanistan should be under the Taliban leadership 54 Nevertheless fighting between the two groups broke out in Nangarhar Province and by June 2015 IS had been able to seize territory in Afghanistan for the first time 55 After driving the Taliban out of certain districts of Nangarhar after months of clashes the group started carrying out its first attacks against Afghan forces in the province 56 Khorasan Province also developed a presence in other provinces including Helmand and Farah 57 In 2015 IS began broadcasting Pashto language radio in Nangarhar Province 58 later on adding content in Dari 59 The group was boosted in August 2015 when the Afghanistan based militant group the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan IMU pledged allegiance to IS and declared that it was a member of Wilayah Khorasan 60 Clashes broke out between IMU and the Taliban in Zabul Province following this pledge The Taliban launched an offensive causing casualties 61 62 The Taliban succeeded in dislodging IS from Farah province over the same period 18 In 2016 the group lost control of the majority of its territory in Nangarhar province It was driven out of Achin and Shinwar Districts following a military operation by Afghan Security Forces 63 while clashes with the Taliban led to it being driven out of Batikot and Chaparhar districts 18 Following the loosening of targeting restrictions by US Forces in Afghanistan earlier in the year the US Air Force began conducting scores of air strikes against IS targets 64 In April 2016 the Taliban reported that a number of senior and mid level leaders of Wilayah Khorasan in Nangarhar Province had defected from IS and pledged allegiance to Taliban leader Akhtar Mansour The defectors included members of the group s central council judicial council and prisoners council as well as certain field commanders and fighters 65 IS fighters who have surrendered after the Battle of Darzab in April 2018 A stronghold in eastern Afghanistan also collapsed as a result of concerted military offensives from United States Afghan forces and Taliban 66 On 25 December 2017 in a video of a Kashmiri militant declaring allegiance to the Islamic State and declaring an ISIS K Province in Kashmir the fighter called on Ansar Ghazwat ul Hind to ally with or give allegiance to IS and wage jihad in Kashmir against the Indian government but the group declined 67 On 24 January 2018 militants launched a bomb and gun attack on a Save the Children office in Jalalabad killing six people and injuring 27 ISIS K claimed responsibility saying it was targeting Western institutions In the aftermath of the attack Save the Children suspended its operations in Afghanistan 68 On 15 May 2019 ISIS declared new Pakistan Province and India Province branches after claiming attacks in Balochistan and Kashmir respectively This suggests that while the Khorasan Province still exists its self proclaimed geographical area may be reduced 69 On 17 August 2019 a suicide bombing took place during a wedding in a wedding hall in Kabul At least 92 people were killed in the attack and over 140 injured 70 ISIS K claimed responsibility for the bombing stating that the attack targeted the Shi ites 71 On 4 April 2020 the National Directorate of Security announced the arrest of the head of IS Aslam Farooqi by the Afghan military forces who took him into custody along with 20 other commanders 72 Protest in Tehran following the 2020 Kabul University attack On 12 May 2020 a hospital s maternity ward in Kabul and a funeral in Kuz Kunar were attacked resulting in the deaths of 56 people and injuries of 148 others including newborn babies mothers nurses and mourners 73 74 The U S government said that ISIS K conducted the May 2020 Afghanistan attacks not the Taliban but this assertion was rejected by Afghan government 75 By May 2020 IS KP territorial control in Afghanistan was reportedly limited to parts of Chawkay District in Kunar province specifically Chalas village Dewaygal Valley and Shuraz Valley 76 On 26 July 2020 a United Nations report stated that even though the IS branch in Afghanistan had undergone further severe reverses in its former Afghan strongholds of Nangarhar and Kunar provinces it was too soon to discount it as a threat and although in territorial retreat IS in Afghanistan remains capable of carrying out high profile attacks in various parts of the country including Kabul it added 77 On 24 October 2020 a suicide bombing killed at least 30 people and another 70 were injured outside an educational center in Kabul 78 The ISIS K claimed responsibility for the attack 79 On 2 November 2020 more than 32 people were killed and 50 others injured in an attack on Kabul University 80 The ISIS K claimed responsibility for the attack 81 In March 2021 three female media workers were shot dead in Jalalabad The ISIS K claimed responsibility for the attack 82 Gathering outside Afghan embassy in Tehran to condemn the 2021 Kabul school bombing On 8 May 2021 a car bombing followed by two more improvised explosive device IED blasts occurred in front of Sayed al Shuhada school in Dashte Barchi a predominantly Shia neighborhood of western Kabul leaving at least 90 people dead and 240 injured 83 84 The majority of the casualties were girls between 11 and 15 years old 85 The attack took place in a neighborhood that has frequently been attacked by militants belonging to the regional ISIS K over the years 86 Taliban spokesman condemned the attack and held ISIS K responsible for the attack 86 84 On 15 May 2021 a bomb exploded inside a Kabul mosque as worshippers gathered for the Muslim festival of Eid al Fitr killing at least 12 people and injuring another 15 87 The ISIS K claimed responsibility for the attack 88 On 26 August 2021 an ISIS K suicide bomber attacked Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul killing over 170 people including 28 Taliban members and 13 US military personnel 89 Amidst the Taliban advance on Kabul in preceding weeks hundreds to thousands of ISIS K prisoners had been released or otherwise escaped from detention leading to U S fears of attacks on the airport and future targets 90 91 92 After the attack the Taliban announced that they would curtail the operations of ISIS K and capture its leader Shahab al Muhajir 93 In October 2021 US sanctioned a man named Ismatullah Khalozai because he transferred funds to ISIS K from his Turkey based business for over two years He was also accused of using a United Arab Emirates based financing scheme to fund the ISIS K before and for human trafficking and helping mercenaries 94 On 6 September 2022 the Human Rights Watch reported that since the Taliban took over Afghanistan in August 2021 the ISIS K has claimed responsibility for 13 attacks against Hazaras and has been linked to at least 3 more killing and injuring at least 700 people The Islamic State affiliate has repeatedly attacked Hazaras and other religious minorities at mosques schools and workplaces 95 Claimed and alleged attacks Edit ListDate Attack Location Notes Dead Injured18 April 2015 2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated outside a bank in Jalalabad 33 10013 May 2015 2015 Karachi bus shooting Karachi Pakistan A group of 8 gunmen attacked a bus in Karachi Claim disputed 45 Dozens13 January 2016 Jalalabad Afghanistan Three attackers belonging to ISIS launched an attack on Pakistani consulate in Afghanistan The attack resulted in death of seven members of Afghan security forces 96 7 020 June 2016 Kabul attack on Canadian Embassy guards Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber targeted a convoy of Canadian embassy security guards Both IS and the Taliban claimed responsibility 15 or 16 1 923 July 2016 July 2016 Kabul bombing Kabul Afghanistan Two suicide bombers blew themselves up during a protest by the Hazara ethnic minority in Kabul s deadliest attack since 2001 97 2608 August 2016 August 2016 Quetta attacks Quetta Pakistan Multiple attackers carried out a suicide bombing and shooting at a government hospital where lawyers were gathered Also claimed by Jamaat ul Ahrar 97 94 130 24 October 2016 Charsadda Pakistan An intelligence officer was shot dead The attack was later claimed by IS in a statement posted on Amaq 98 1 024 October 2016 October 2016 Quetta attacks Quetta Pakistan Three armed individuals carried out mass shooting at police cadets at the Quetta Police Training College while they were asleep One attacker killed during operation while other two blew themselves up killing 61 cadets Also claimed by Lashkar e Jhangvi 99 100 101 61 160 26 October 2016 Ghor Province Afghanistan Fighters killed at least 30 civilians after abducting them in the Afghan province of Ghor 102 30 026 October 2016 Jalalabad Afghanistan An IS suicide bomber killed a number of Afghan tribal elders 103 4 15 254 November 2016 Ghor Province Afghanistan IS executed 31 civilians in Ghor Province 104 31 05 November 2016 Ghor Province Afghanistan IS abducted at least 6 civilians in Ghor province 104 0 6 kidnapped12 November 2016 2016 Khuzdar bombing Khuzdar Pakistan At least 55 people including women and children were killed when a suicide bomber went off in the crowded Shah Noorani Shrine in Hub town Lasbela District Balochistan Pakistan 105 55 1 102 16 November 2016 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew himself up in a convoy with members of the Afghan National Security Forces near the Defence ministry 106 6 1 1521 November 2016 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bombing at a Kabul Shia mosque Baqir ul Olum 107 30 1 1525 November 2016 Jalalabad Afghanistan Multiple bombs exploded in Jalalabad city 108 6 2710 December 2016 Peshawar Pakistan IS has claimed responsibility for killing a counterterrorism police officer and wounding his son in the northwestern Pakistani city of Peshawar 109 1 17 February 2017 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide blast at Afghanistan s Supreme Court in Kabul 110 IS claimed responsibility 111 22 418 February 2017 Qush Tepa District Afghanistan IS killed six local employees of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the Qush Tepa district in Afghanistan The assailants also took another two workers with them 111 6 2 kidnapped16 February 2017 2017 Sehwan suicide bombing Sehwan Pakistan A suicide bombing at a shrine in southern Pakistan 112 90 1 2508 March 2017 March 2017 Kabul attack Kabul Afghanistan A group of gunmen dressed in white hospital robes attacked the Sardar Daud Khan Hospital 113 49 6312 April 2017 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked near government offices in Kabul IS claimed responsibility for the attack 114 5 1 103 May 2017 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide car bomber detonated next to a convoy of NATO vehicles near the U S embassy in Kabul 115 8 1 2817 May 2017 Jalalabad Afghanistan Four civilians and two police officers were killed when IS militants stormed a TV station in Jalalabad Two militants blew themselves up and the other two have taken hostages They were later killed by the police 116 6 4 171 June 2017 Jalalabad Afghanistan A car bomb went off outside the airport in Jalalabad 117 1 530 June 2017 Achin District Afghanistan Seven civilians were killed and five others wounded when a bomb planted by IS militants blew up in the Achin district of Nangarhar province 118 7 525 July 2017 Sar e Pol city Afghanistan Militants affiliated with IS beheaded a man allegedly over sorcery in the capital of the northern province of Sar e Pol 119 1 031 July 2017 Kabul Afghanistan IS militants committed an attack on the Iraqi Embassy in the Afghan capital Kabul One terrorist blew himself up and another three entered the embassy Two Afghan guards were killed and three others injured in the attack 120 2 4 31 August 2017 2017 Herat mosque attack Herat Afghanistan Two suicide bombers attacked a Shia mosque in Herat One of the bombers shot at worshipers with a rifle before detonating himself 33 2 6630 August 2017 Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives in front of the house of an Afghan MP in Jalalabad The explosion killed two guards and injured another one A second attacker was killed before he could detonate himself 121 2 2 120 October 2017 20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks Du Layna District Afghanistan A suicide bombing in a Sunni mosque of Ghor Province The main target of the attack was a local commander from the anti Taliban Jamiat party 122 123 33 1 1020 October 2017 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked inside a Shia mosque in Kabul 124 56 1 5531 October 2017 Kabul Afghanistan An IS suicide bomber blew himself up in Kabul citation needed 14 1 137 November 2017 Kabul Afghanistan A TV building was attacked in downtown Kabul by three militants An employee and a security guard were killed At least one militant blew himself up while the others were killed during a gunfight with security forces IS claimed responsibility for the attack 125 2 3 2016 November 2017 Kabul Afghanistan At least 19 people including eight police officers and ten civilians were killed in a bomb explosion outside a restaurant in Kabul 126 127 128 19 1018 December 2017 Kabul Afghanistan Gunmen attacked a training center of the National Directorate of Security in Kabul injuring two policemen All three attackers were gunned downed 129 0 3 225 December 2017 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomb attack near the compound of Afghanistan s intelligence agency in Kabul 130 10 1 528 December 2017 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber stormed a Shi ite cultural center and news agency in the Afghan capital killing and wounding some including a number of students attending a conference Two other bombs were detonated in the zone 131 132 50 1 804 January 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bombing targeted a mobile police checkpoint in Kabul 133 20 307 January 2018 Kunar Province Afghanistan Insurgents stormed a security checkpoint in Afghanistan s eastern Kunar province 134 3 824 January 2018 2018 Save the Children Jalalabad attack Jalalabad Afghanistan A complex attack began with a suicide car bomb outside the Save The Children offices in the city of Jalalabad followed by gunmen entering the compound and fighting Afghan special forces 135 136 6 2729 January 2018 Kabul Afghanistan 11 Afghan soldiers were killed and 16 others were injured when five IS militants attacked an army post in Kabul Four attackers were later killed by the security forces and another was arrested 137 11 4 1624 February 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide blast in the Shash Darak area of Kabul 138 139 3 1 67 March 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber killed three people including the local head of the Ministry of Hajj and Religious Affairs 140 141 3 1 169 March 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber set off explosives in a crowd of Shiite Muslims near a mosque complex in Kabul 142 10 1 2219 March 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan A motorcycle bombing in Jalalabad in the Afghan province of Nangarhar 143 4 1121 March 2018 March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bombing near a Shiite shrine in Kabul occurred as Afghans celebrated the Persian New Year 144 145 33 1 6525 March 2018 Herat Afghanistan Two suicide bombers attacked a Shiite mosque in Herat killing three including the two bombers 146 147 1 2 930 March 2018 Watapur District Afghanistan A member of the provincial council of Kunar and a religious scholar were killed in a suicide bombing in the Watapur district of Kunar province A security guard was also wounded in the attack 148 149 2 1 117 April 2018 Darzab District Afghanistan IS fighters beheaded a 12 year old boy in Darzab district in the northern Afghan province of Jowzjan 150 1 022 April 2018 22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomb attack at a voter registration centre in the Afghan capital Kabul The casualties were all civilians most of whom had been waiting outside the office to apply for their IDs in order to register to vote in the upcoming elections 151 152 153 69 1 12022 April 2018 Chaparhar District Afghanistan Three brothers were beheaded by IS militants in Chaparhar district in Nangarhar province in Afghanistan 154 3 029 April 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan At least seven people including children and policemen were injured in a bomb attack near a voter registration center in Jalalabad the capital of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar 155 156 0 730 April 2018 30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings Kabul Afghanistan Two suicide bombings in the Afghan capital Kabul 157 158 29 2 504 June 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives targeting a gathering of Afghanistan s top clerics in Kabul Afterwards a magnetic bomb attached to a police car exploded and as a result three people were wounded 14 1 2211 June 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives at an Afghan ministry in Kabul 17 1 4016 June 2018 Rodat District Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked at a gathering of Taliban and Afghan armed forces in the Rodat district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar 36 1 6517 June 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives near the governor s compound in Afghanistan s eastern city of Jalalabad 25 1 5030 June 2018 Khogyani District Afghanistan IS militants beheaded at least three people working as attendants for a local school in the Khogyani district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar The school building was also set on fire 3 01 July 2018 July 2018 Jalalabad Suicide Bombing Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives in the center of the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad killing at least 20 people including several members of the Sikh minority 20 1 205 July 2018 Khogyani District Afghanistan Three Taliban militants including one commander were killed and four civilians injured in a bomb blast in the Khogyani district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar 0 3 49 July 2018 Chaparhar District Afghanistan At least nine civilians including two children were injured in a bomb explosion in the Chaparhar district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar 0 99 July 2018 Khogyani District Afghanistan A Taliban insurgent and a civilian were killed in the Khogyani district of the Afghan province of Nangarhar 1 1 010 July 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives near a petrol pump killing two officials working for Afghanistan s intelligence agency and 10 civilians including children and sparking a fire that burned eight cars in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad Five other people were taken to hospital 12 1 511 July 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan A militant attack on the building of the provincial education department in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad One suicide bomber detonated his explosives while two more were shot dead by the security forces in a gunfight lasting several hours 12 3 913 July 2018 13 July 2018 Pakistan bombings Mastung Pakistan At least 131 people were killed 159 and more than 300 others injured in a suicide bombing at election rally 160 131 300 15 July 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew himself up near a government ministry in Kabul 8 1 1717 July 2018 Sayyad District Afghanistan 27 including some Taliban militants were killed in a suicide bombing that targeted a funeral for a deceased person in the Sayyad district of the northern Afghan province of Sar e Pol 27 1 2320 July 2018 Bagrami District Afghanistan A child was injured when a suicide bomber blew himself up before reaching his target in the Bagrami district of Kabul province Afghanistan 0 1 122 July 2018 Kabul Afghanistan At least 23 people including an AFP driver were killed in a suicide bombing near Kabul International Airport as scores of people were leaving the airport after welcoming home Afghan Vice President Abdul Rashid Dostum from exile 23 1 10722 July 2018 Surkh Rōd District Afghanistan A gunman opened fire in a mosque in the Surkh Rōd district in the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar killing four people and injuring three others including the mosque s religious leader 4 325 July 2018 2018 Quetta Suicide Bombing Quetta Pakistan At least 31 people including five policemen and two children were killed after a suicide bomber blew himself up outside a polling station in the Pakistani city of Quetta 31 1 4028 July 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan Two security guards and a driver were killed after a suicide bomber detonated his explosives and another attacker stormed into a training center for midwives in Jalalabad the capital of the Afghan province of Nangarhar The second attacker was shot in an hour long battle with the security forces 3 2 830 July 2018 Rodat District Afghanistan A local tribal elder and three of his family members were killed in a suicide car bomb attack in the Rodat district of the eastern Afghan province of Nangarhar The son of the tribal leader also underwent some injuries in the attack 4 1 131 July 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew up a car near the entrance to the Department of Refugees and Returnees in the Afghan city of Jalalabad and then two armed men stormed the building The attackers took several hostages during the attack Security killed both gunmen after about six hours 14 3 263 August 2018 Gardez Afghanistan Two militants dressed in burqa entered a Shiite mosque in the town of Gardez in the province of Paktia and opened fire Both attackers later blew themselves up 48 2 705 August 2018 Jalalabad Afghanistan Three officers of the Afghan National Army were killed and three others injured when a suicide bomber detonated his explosives in front of an army checkpoint in the eastern Afghan city of Jalalabad 3 1 315 August 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bombing in an educative academy of Kabul 48 675 September 2018 Kabul Afghanistan Suicide blasts targeted a Kabul Wrestling club and emergency teams two journalists were among the dead IS claimed responsibility for the bombing 161 162 163 164 26 2 919 September 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber on a motorbike blew himself up near a group of people commemorating the death anniversary of a resistance leader in Kabul on Sunday killing at least seven people and injuring an additional 25 officials said IS claimed responsibility for the attack 165 166 7 1 2526 September 2018 Kalat Pakistan Two Pakistani soldiers were killed in the Kalat area of Manghochar Balochistan when they clashed with IS militants in a compound all 3 IS militants were killed 167 2 3 62 October 2018 Kama District Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated at an election rally in the Kama district of the Nangarhar Province IS claimed responsibility through Amaq 168 169 14 1 404 October 2018 Nangarhar Province Afghanistan A bomb blast at an office of the U S Agency for International Development USAID IS claimed responsibility for the attack 170 2 910 October 2018 Momand Dara District Afghanistan Three civilians were publicly executed by IS in a desert court in the Momand Dara District of Nangarhar Province 171 3 029 October 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber targeting an Independent Election Commission IEC in Kabul detonated IS claimed responsibility for the attack 172 173 2 1 731 October 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber targeting a bus carrying employees of Afghanistan s biggest prison in Kabul detonated IS claimed responsibility for the attack 174 175 7 1 512 November 2018 Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated his explosives near Pashtunistan Square in Kabul city center among a crowd of Hazaras who were protesting violence against them IS claimed responsibility for the attack 176 177 6 1 2023 November 2018 2018 Orakzai bombing Kalaya Pakistan A suicide bomber detonated in a market in the Shi ite dominated region of Kalaya Khyber Pakhtunkhwa northern Pakistan IS claimed responsibility 178 179 180 181 182 183 34 1 5623 November 2018 Khost Province Afghanistan A suicide bombing left 27 Afghan National Army personnel dead in a mosque at an army base in the Khost Province Afghanistan the Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack 184 185 186 187 27 1 5715 January 2019 Kabul Afghanistan A car driver was killed in Kabul s PD9 when a magnetic bomb exploded while attached to the car IS claimed responsibility and said that the person killed was an Afghan intelligence officer 188 189 1 05 February 2019 Jalalabad Afghanistan A policeman was shot and killed by multiple gunmen in a targeted killing in the city of Jalalabad The gunmen took the man s weapon away and IS took responsibility for the attack 190 191 1 013 February 2019 Alingar District Afghanistan Two Taliban members were killed in an attack by ISIL Khorasan members in Laghman s Alingar District 192 2 06 March 2019 Jalalabad Afghanistan A suicide bomber attacked a building company near the Jalalabad Airport later four gunmen attacked the area All five attackers were killed in the attack IS claimed responsibility for the attack 193 194 16 5 107 March 2019 Kabul Afghanistan Shelling at a gathering commemorating the death anniversary of Shia leader Abdul Ali Mazari IS has claimed responsibility for the attack One of the attackers was arrested 195 196 3 2212 April 2019 2019 Quetta bombing Quetta Pakistan A suicide blast took place in a potato stall in Shia dominated Hazarganji vegetable market 197 22 48 20 April 2019 Kabul Afghanistan An explosion followed by gunfire targeted the Afghan Ministry of Information killing 10 7 civilians 3 security personnel The four attackers were all eventually killed 198 10 517 August 2019 17 August 2019 Kabul bombing Kabul Afghanistan A suicide blast took place in the men s reception area of a wedding hall in Kabul in a Shia neighbourhood packed with people celebrating a marriage 199 92 160 6 November 2019 Rudaki Tajikistan Around 20 ISIS militants from Afghanistan conducted an attack on a border post in Tajikistan after crossing into Tajikistan from Afghanistan The attack resulted in death of a Tajik border guard and a police officer In the ensuing firefight 15 ISIS militants were killed and five were arrested 200 201 17 incl 15 militants 6 March 2020 6 March 2020 Kabul shooting Kabul Afghanistan Two gunmen fired from a building that was under construction 202 203 It happened during a ceremony to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the murder by the Taliban of Afghan Shia leader Abdul Ali Mazari 202 The ceremony was attended by Afghan politician Abdullah Abdullah who escaped unharmed 202 The two gunmen were killed later the same day 202 IS claimed responsibility for the attack 202 204 205 32 8125 March 2020 Kabul gurdwara attack Kabul Afghanistan A suicide blast and an armed assault took place at a Sikh shrine in Kabul Afghanistan During the attack there were 200 worshippers inside the shrine among them also Indian citizens Attackers hold hostages inside which caused a 6 hours lasting shootout The attack resulted in 25 Sikh whorkshippers killed After the attack Afghan and NATO soldiers helped with the clearance operation 206 25 8 12 May 2020 May 2020 Afghanistan attacks Kuz Kunar District Nangarhar Afghanistan A suicide bombing took place in Kuz Kunar District Nangarhar Province at the funeral of Shaikh Akram a police commander who died of a heart attack a day before 207 208 209 210 32 133 12 May 2020 May 2020 Afghanistan attacks Kabul Afghanistan 16 mothers and eight children and babies are killed after Islamic State militants targeted the maternity unit of a hospital in the predominately Shi ite Hazara neighborhood of Dashte Barchi Kabul moving through the 55 bed maternity unit The three gunmen were later killed during a battle with security forces The mothers were specifically the main target of the attack according to authorities 211 24 3 163 August 2020 Jalalabad prison attack Jalalabad Nangarhar Afghanistan An attack was launched by ISIS K affiliated gunmen in Jalalabad prison in which 200 ISIS K affiliated prisoners managed to escape Three gunmen also died 212 29 3 50 25 October 2020 Kabul Afghanistan An Islamic State suicide bomber struck near an education centre in the Afghan capital Kabul on Saturday 213 18 3 5710 December 2020 Jalalabad Afghanistan TV and radio presenter Malalai Maiwand and her driver were killed in a shooting attack on their vehicle in the regional capital Jalalabad The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack 214 2 03 January 2021 2021 Machh attack Machh Pakistan 11 Hazara coal miners are kidnapped near their mine and then killed by Islamic State militants in Machh Pakistan 215 11 02 March 2021 Jalalabad Afghanistan Three female media workers are shot dead in Jalalabad 216 3 18 May 2021 2021 Kabul school bombing Kabul Afghanistan A car bombing followed by two more improvised explosive device IED blasts occurred in front of Sayed al Shuhada school in Dashte Barchi a predominantly Shia Hazara area in western Kabul Afghanistan The majority of the casualties were girls between 11 and 15 years old The attack took place in a neighborhood that has been attacked by militants belonging to IS over the years The Taliban blamed the attack on IS KP 217 90 22010 May 2021 Pul e Matak Afghanistan A bus was hit by an IED leaving 2 civilians dead IS K claimed the attack stating that the Shia s on the bus were the target 218 2 913 May 2021 Sardawra Afghanistan Two civilians including a child were killed after a remote controlled explosive was detonated IS K later claimed responsibility 218 2 1414 May 2021 Kabul Afghanistan 12 people were killed including an Imam whilst worshipping in a mosque when an IED exploded within the mosque ISIS later claimed responsibility 219 220 12 152 June 2021 Kabul Afghanistan Two bombs were detonated targeting two different buses in Kabul Both buses were transporting passengers of the Hazara ethnic group ISIS later claimed the attack via Telegram 221 10 128 June 2021 Baghlan Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for attacking de mining workers in Baghlan Province north of the Afghan capital Kabul 10 de miners were shot dead 222 10 1612 June 2021 Kabul Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for planting sticky bombs onto two vans carrying Shi ites in a part of Kabul creating two car bombs 223 7 4 20 July 2021 Kabul Afghanistan ISIS K took responsibility for three rocket attacks which landed outside Afghan government presidential palace Afghan president Ashraf Ghani and other government and security officials were taking part in prayer at the time of the attack No casualties were reported in the attack 224 0 027 July 2021 Jalalabad Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for the assassination of a NDS operative 225 1 028 July 2021 Kunduz Afghanistan ISIS K operatives abducted an Afghan police officer and released a video of them executing him with a pistol in the Kunduz area 225 1 029 July 2021 Jalalabad Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for assassinating an employee of the Pakistani embassy in Jalalabad 226 1 01 August 2021 Jalalabad Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for the assassination of a rival Taliban operative in Jalalabad 225 1 02 August 2021 Herat Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for detonating an explosive device targeting a bus full of Shias in the city of Herat 227 228 3 109 August 2021 Jalalabad Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for assassinating a former officer of the Afghan army in Jalalabad 229 1 026 August 2021 2021 Kabul airport attack Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul Afghanistan An ISIS K suicide bomber blew himself up at the Kabul airport killing 170 Afghan civilians and 13 US military personnel The killed Americans were identified as 10 US Marines two soldiers and one US Navy Medic Three of the killed Afghans were British citizens More than 200 other people were wounded including a number of Taliban members and 18 Americans 230 183 200 18 September 2021 Jalalabad and Kabul A series of bomb attacks in Jalalabad and Kabul city killed 7 people including 2 taliban fighters and injured 30 others ISIS took responsibility for the series of bomb attacks and claimed that it killed or wounded more than 35 Taliban fighters in those bomb attacks 231 232 7 3022 September 2021 Jalalabad Afghanistan Two Taliban fighters and a civilian were killed in a attack by gunmen affiliated with Islamic State on security checkpoint in Jalalabad City according to eyewitness and security officials 233 3 03 October 2021 Kabul Afghanistan An explosion at the entrance to the Eidgah Mosque in Kabul left at least five people dead where a memorial service was held for the mother of Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid ISIS K later claimed responsibility saying it targeted and killed several Taliban operatives 234 5 76 October 2021 Khost Afghanistan ISIS K claimed responsibility for a grenade attack on a religious school in the city of Khost killing at least 7 people including at least one Taliban fighter 235 236 7 15 8 October 2021 2021 Kunduz mosque bombing Kunduz Afghanistan On October 8 a Uyghur Islamic State militant by the name of Muhammad al Uyghuri killed 55 100 people and injured dozens more after launching a suicide bombing on a Shi ite mosque in the city of Kunduz 237 238 239 240 55 100 15 October 2021 2021 Kandahar bombing Kandahar Afghanistan A suicide bombing occurred at the Imam Bargah mosque a Shia mosque during Friday prayers in Kandahar Afghanistan killing at least 65 people and wounding more than 70 others The Islamic State Khorasan Province claimed responsibility for the attack via their Amaq News Agency 241 65 70 2 November 2021 2021 Kabul hospital attack Kabul Afghanistan On 2 November 2021 bombers and gunmen attacked Daoud Khan Military Hospital in Kabul Afghanistan Militants attacked the hospital at its entrance gate by explosion and caused another explosion nearby then continued the attack using guns The Taliban said that they killed four attackers and arrested another 25 50 13 November 2021 Kabul Afghanistan At least 2 killed and at least 5 injured in IED explosion which struck a bus in traveling on the main avenue in Kabul Dashti Barchi neighborhood 2 517 November 2021 Kabul Afghanistan Twin blasts in western Kabul s Dasht e Barchi neighborhood killed one and wounded six others 242 1 624 November 2021 Rawalpindi Pakistan On 24 November 2021 IS delineates Khorasan Province from Pakistan Province in attack claims one involving targeted killing in Rawalpindi 243 1 023 December 2021 Kabul Afghanistan A car bomb exploded near the gate outside the main passport department office in Kabul 244 245 Islamic State later claims responsibility for the attack 245 0 04 March 2022 2022 Peshawar mosque bombing Peshawar Pakistan On 4 March 2022 an Islamic State suicide bomber blew himself up at a Shiite mosque in Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan killing at least 63 people 246 63 1 1968 March 2022 Sibi District Pakistan On 8 March 2022 a suicide bomber detonated a suicide vest killing six Pakistani paramilitary men and injuring 22 more 247 6 1 2221 April 2022 2022 Mazar i Sharif mosque bombing Mazar i Sharif Afghanistan A bomb exploded at a Shiite mosque in Mazar i Sharif during Friday prayers killing 31 people and wounding 87 31 873 August 2022 Kabul Afghanistan Two Taliban police officers were killed and four were wounded during a gunbattle with Islamic State gunmen at a hideout in Kabul Three Islamic State militants were also killed 248 2 3 45 August 2022 Kabul Afghanistan On 5 August 2022 eight people were killed and 18 others were injured when a bomb hidden in a cart exploded near a Shiite mosque in Kabul The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack 249 8 1830 September 2022 September 2022 Kabul school bombing Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber blew himself up at the Kaaj education center in Dashte Barchi a Hazara neighborhood in Kabul Afghanistan killing at least 52 people 250 52 1102 December 2022 Kabul Afghanistan Two attackers opened fire on the Pakistan Charge d Affaires Ubaid ur Rehman Nizamani at the Pakistani embassy compound in Kabul wounding his bodyguard 251 0 112 December 2022 2022 Kabul hotel attack Kabul Afghanistan 3 IS militants set off explosives and set fire to the Longan Hotel in Kabul due to its ties to the Chinese government 6 people were killed including the attackers and another 18 were injured including foreign and Afghan civilians and Taliban soldiers 252 3 3 181 January 2023 2023 Kabul airport bombing Kabul Afghanistan An attacker detonated a bomb outside the entrance to the military portion of Kabul International Airport 253 20 claimed 30 claimed 11 January 2023 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing Kabul Afghanistan A suicide bomber detonated outside the Taliban foreign ministry office in Kabul reportedly during the visit of a Chinese delegation 254 20 Operations by opponents Edit 2017 Nangarhar airstrikeMain article 2017 Nangarhar airstrike On 13 April 2017 a GBU 43 B MOAB was dropped in an airstrike on a cave complex in Achin District Nangarhar Province Afghanistan It was the first use of the bomb on the battlefield 255 256 257 The Afghan defence ministry reported it to have killed over 36 militants and destroyed the tunnel complex including a cache of weapons No civilian casualties were reported 258 On 14 April 2017 Pakistan s security agencies along with the local police raided a house in Lahore s Factory Area as part of their combing operation which was approved by Pakistan s Chief of Army Staff Qamar Javed Bajwa in the aftermath of Mall Road bombing 259 After an exchange of fire which killed one terrorist three other suspects were arrested one of them being Noreen Leghari a student from Hyderabad Pakistan who was claimed to be missing by her family 4 days prior to the raid 260 On a confessional statement released by ISPR Noreen confessed to joining IS through a terrorist she met on social media She also told authorities that she was recruited by IS to attack a church in Lahore on the Easter Sunday two suicide jackets four hand grenades and bullets were provided to them 261 On 4 September 2019 in a joint operation of Counter Terrorism Department FIA and Balochistan Constabulary at least 6 ISIS militants were killed in an intelligence based operation in Quetta s Eastern Bypass area During the operation one official of the Balochistan Constabulary was killed and eight others from the Counter Terrorism Department were injured 262 Mohmand Valley raidMain article Mohmand Valley raid On 26 April 2017 a joint raid operation committed by U S Army Rangers and Afghan Special Forces in the Nangarhar Province resulted in the death of Sheikh Abdul Hasib the leader of IS in Afghanistan Along with Hasib a number of other commanders of IS were killed according to a statement by the U S Military Two U S soldiers died during the operation possibly due to friendly fire 263 On 1 January 2019 Afghan Special Forces attacked ISIS K in Nangarhar Province s Achin District killing 27 militants according to officials Two local ISIS leaders Sediq Yar and Syed Omar were reported to be among those killed 264 On 10 January senior ISIS K commander Khetab Emir was also killed in a raid in Nangarhar according to a U S forces spokesman Emir was reported to have facilitated major attacks and provided ISIS K bombmakers with explosive materials 265 On 30 April 2019 Afghan government forces undertook clearing operations directed against both ISIS K and the Taliban in eastern Nangarhar Province after the two groups fought for over a week over a group of villages in an area of illegal talc mining The National Directorate of Security claimed 22 ISIS K fighters were killed and two weapons caches destroyed while the Taliban claimed US backed Afghan forces killed seven civilians a provincial official said over 9 000 families had been displaced by the fighting 266 On 21 August 2019 an airstrike killed six militants of IS in Nangarhar province including two Pakistani nationals 267 Taliban operationsMain articles Islamic State Taliban conflict and Battle of Darzab 2018 In July 2018 the Taliban launched an offensive against IS in the Jowzjan province 268 2021 U S airstrikesOn 27 August 2021 the United States launched an airstrike against three suspected ISIS K members in Nangarhar Province 269 On 29 August a drone attack against a suspected Islamic State bomber in Kabul killed a family of 9 including 6 children 270 Analysis EditUS General Sean Swindell told the BBC in June 2015 that members of Khorasan Province were in contact with ISIL s central leadership in Syria although the exact relationship between the two is unclear 271 ISIS K remained the top terrorist threat claiming responsibility for 41 terrorist attacks including the 4 March 2022 bombing at a Shia mosque in Pakistan that killed 63 and wounded 200 ISIS K has approximately 2 000 members in Afghanistan and its attacks have focused on the Taliban religious minorities and economic infrastructure Relationship with the Taliban Edit Since the Taliban took control of the Afghan central government following the United States withdrawal and collapse of the Afghan National Army ANA in August 2021 the Taliban has been locked in a violent counterinsurgency struggle against ISIS K 272 The Taliban led Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan has sought international legitimacy by demonstrating its efforts to curb terrorism and secure national sovereignty over Afghan territory namely for prospects of international investment to reverse Afghanistan s increasing poverty 273 274 ISIS K seeking to establish the Khorasan Province of a greater Islamic State on Afghan territory principally seeks to undermine the so called apostate and Western puppet Taliban regime in hopes of once again regaining control of Afghan territory 275 276 Beginning in late 2022 and continuing through 2023 ISIS K has launched attacks on diplomats from the People s Republic of China 251 254 and Islamic Republic of Pakistan 251 nations with warmer relations towards the Taliban 277 aiming to deter foreign recognition investment or support to the Taliban government through violent attacks exhibiting Taliban failures to provide security 273 Membership Edit According to a UN report up to 70 IS fighters arrived from Iraq and Syria to form the initial core of the group in Afghanistan 44 Most of the group s membership growth has come from recruiting Afghan defectors from the Taliban 55 In Afghanistan IS has not only been recruiting from the villages but also the urban middle class and specifically targeting the universities as there have been cases of lecturers in Islamic law as well as students at Kabul University pledging allegiance to the group 278 Foreign fighters from Pakistan and Uzbekistan are also known to be part of the group 55 Other foreign fighters have included Indians with 14 Keralites having been freed by the Taliban from prison following the fall of Kabul 279 The Taliban also claimed that two Malaysians of ISIS K were caught by them following a gun battle in Kabul on August 26 2021 280 Individuals from Myanmar and Bangladesh 35 have also been part of it and one known Bangladeshi national of ISIS K was arrested by the Afghan intelligence in 2020 281 After the takeover of Kabul by the Taliban in 2021 several members of Afghan intelligence agency and Afghan National Army have also joined the Islamic State Khorasan Province 282 283 Foothold and strategy Edit While the group has managed to establish a foothold in Afghanistan it has largely carried out isolated smaller scale attacks in Pakistan 14 The group has also failed to establish a foothold in Pakistan because of anti terrorism operations conducted by Pakistan s law enforcement agencies against the group A series of successful operations by US Afghan and coalition forces in Afghanistan against the group also crippled group s ability to operate in the region 284 Designation as a terrorist organization Edit Country Date References United States 20 May 2016 285 Australia 3 November 2017 286 Canada 23 May 2018 287 India 21 June 2018 288 United Nations 14 May 2019 289 Argentina 14 May 2019 290 New Zealand 14 May 2019 291 Iraq 16 May 2019 292 Afghanistan 3 July 2022 293 See also EditList of drone strikes in the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan List of terrorist attacks in Kabul List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic StateReferences Edit Army Rangers killed in 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