Khorasan (Persian: استان خراسان[xoɾɒːˈsɒːn](listen); also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan), also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian times, was a province in northeastern Iran but historically referred to a much larger area, comprising the east and the northeast of the Persian Empire. The name Khorāsān is Persian and means "where the sun arrives from".[1] The name was first given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sasanian Empire[2] and was used from the late middle ages in distinction to neighbouring Transoxiana.[3][4][5]
This province, whose people are mainly Shia Muslims,[6] roughly encompassed the western portion of the historical Greater Khorasan.[7] The modern boundaries of the Iranian province of Khorasan were formally defined in the late nineteenth century[2] and the province was divided into three separate administrative divisions in 2004.[8]
The name Khorāsān (lit. "sunrise"; "east"; or "land of the rising sun") was originally given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sassanian period.[2] The old Iranian province of Khorasan roughly formed the western half of the historical Greater Khorasan,[9] a region which included parts that are today in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Some of the main historical cities of Persia are located in the older Khorasan: Nishapur and Tus (now in Iran); Merv and Sanjan (now in Turkmenistan); Samarkand and Bukhara (both now in Uzbekistan); Herat and Balkh (now in Afghanistan); and Khujand and Panjakent (now in Tajikistan). The term was also used from the late middle ages–especially in post-Mongol (Chagatai and Timurid) times–to distinguish the region from neighbouring Transoxiana.[10][11][12] The modern Iranian boundaries of the province of Khorasan were defined and formalised in the late nineteenth century.[2]
In August 1968 and September 1978, the region was the scene of two major earthquakes that left 12,000 and 25,000 people dead, respectively. A third major earthquake, the 1997 Qayen earthquake, took place on 10 May 1997 and left 1,567 dead, 2,300 injured, and 50,000 homeless.
Modern divisions
Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three separate provinces in September 2004:[13]
The major ethnic groups in this region are Persians with Kurdish, Khorasani Turks and Turkmen as the minorities. Smaller minorities are Baluch, Jews, Mongols, and Gypsy.[14] Most of the people in the region natively speak closely related modern day dialects of Persian. The region is home to a significant Sunni Muslim minority. The largest cluster of settlements and cultivation stretches around the city of Mashhad northwestward, containing the important towns of Quchan, Shirvan, and Bojnurd.
khorasan, province, historical, region, greater, khorasan, violent, extremist, militant, group, islamic, state, khorasan, province, other, uses, khorasan, disambiguation, khorasan, persian, استان, خراسان, xoɾɒːˈsɒːn, listen, also, transcribed, khurasan, khoras. For the historical region see Greater Khorasan For the violent extremist militant group see Islamic State Khorasan Province For other uses see Khorasan disambiguation Khorasan Persian استان خراسان xoɾɒːˈsɒːn listen also transcribed as Khurasan and Khorassan also called Traxiane during Hellenistic and Parthian times was a province in northeastern Iran but historically referred to a much larger area comprising the east and the northeast of the Persian Empire The name Khorasan is Persian and means where the sun arrives from 1 The name was first given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sasanian Empire 2 and was used from the late middle ages in distinction to neighbouring Transoxiana 3 4 5 Khorasan Province استان خراسانKhurasanKhorassanFormer ProvinceLocation of Khorasan within Iran pre 2004 CountryIranDissolvedSeptember 2004Area Total299 231 km2 115 534 sq mi Time zoneUTC 03 30 IRST Summer DST UTC 04 30 IRST Main language s PersianThe domes of the Imam Reza shrine and the Goharshad Mosque 1976 at Mashhad a major city in the former Khorasan and now the capital of the Razavi Khorasan Province This province whose people are mainly Shia Muslims 6 roughly encompassed the western portion of the historical Greater Khorasan 7 The modern boundaries of the Iranian province of Khorasan were formally defined in the late nineteenth century 2 and the province was divided into three separate administrative divisions in 2004 8 Contents 1 History 2 Modern divisions 3 Demographics 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory EditThe name Khorasan lit sunrise east or land of the rising sun was originally given to the eastern province of Persia during the Sassanian period 2 The old Iranian province of Khorasan roughly formed the western half of the historical Greater Khorasan 9 a region which included parts that are today in Iran Afghanistan Tajikistan Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan Some of the main historical cities of Persia are located in the older Khorasan Nishapur and Tus now in Iran Merv and Sanjan now in Turkmenistan Samarkand and Bukhara both now in Uzbekistan Herat and Balkh now in Afghanistan and Khujand and Panjakent now in Tajikistan The term was also used from the late middle ages especially in post Mongol Chagatai and Timurid times to distinguish the region from neighbouring Transoxiana 10 11 12 The modern Iranian boundaries of the province of Khorasan were defined and formalised in the late nineteenth century 2 In August 1968 and September 1978 the region was the scene of two major earthquakes that left 12 000 and 25 000 people dead respectively A third major earthquake the 1997 Qayen earthquake took place on 10 May 1997 and left 1 567 dead 2 300 injured and 50 000 homeless Modern divisions EditKhorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three separate provinces in September 2004 13 North Khorasan center Bojnourd other counties Shirvan Esfarayen Garmeh and Jajarm and Maneh and Samalgan South Khorasan center Birjand other counties Ferdows Qaen Nehbandan Sarayan Sarbisheh and Darmian Razavi Khorasan center Mashhad other counties Sabzevar Neyshabour Torbat e Heydariyeh Quchan Torbat e Jam Kashmar Taybad Gonabad Dargaz Sarakhs Chenaran Fariman Khaf Roshtkhar Bardaskan Kalat and Khalilabad Some parts of the province were added to some southern parts to Sistan and Baluchestan Province some western parts to Yazd ProvinceDemographics EditThe major ethnic groups in this region are Persians with Kurdish Khorasani Turks and Turkmen as the minorities Smaller minorities are Baluch Jews Mongols and Gypsy 14 Most of the people in the region natively speak closely related modern day dialects of Persian The region is home to a significant Sunni Muslim minority The largest cluster of settlements and cultivation stretches around the city of Mashhad northwestward containing the important towns of Quchan Shirvan and Bojnurd See also EditProvinces of Iran Transoxiana Khwarezm Afsharid dynasty Delhi Multan Road to Mashhad capital of Khorasan province of Iran providing access to capital city Ashgabat of Turkmenistan References Edit Compare Levant and Mashriq a b c d Khorasan britannica com Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc Retrieved 8 December 2018 Svat Soucek A History of Inner Asia Cambridge University Press 2000 p 4 C Edmund Bosworth 2002 CENTRAL ASIA iv In the Islamic Period up to the Mongols Encyclopaedia Iranica online C Edmund Bosworth 2011 MA WARAʾ AL NAHR Encyclopaedia Iranica online Khorasan tasnimnews Retrieved 1 September 2020 Dabeersiaghi Commentary on Safarnama e Nasir Khusraw 6th Ed Tehran Zavvar 1375 Solar Hijri Calendar 235 236 Online edition Al Jazeera Satellite Network Iran breaks up largest province Archived from the original on 20 May 2006 Retrieved 30 April 2006 Dabeersiaghi Commentary on Safarnama e Nasir Khusraw 6th Ed Tehran Zavvar 1375 Solar Hijri Calendar 235 236 Svat Soucek A History of Inner Asia Cambridge University Press 2000 p 4 C Edmund Bosworth 2002 CENTRAL ASIA iv In the Islamic Period up to the Mongols Encyclopaedia Iranica online C Edmund Bosworth 2011 MA WARAʾ AL NAHR Encyclopaedia Iranica online Online edition Al Jazeera Satellite Network Iran breaks up largest province Archived from the original on 20 May 2006 Retrieved 30 April 2006 https www iranicaonline org articles khorasan 1 ethnic groups Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Khorasan province amp oldid 1151877661, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
