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Provisional government

January 01, 1970

A provisional government, also called an interim government, an emergency government, a transitional government or provisional leadership,[1] is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition, often following state collapse. Provisional governments are generally appointed, and frequently arise, either during or after civil or foreign wars, or during difficult times such as during invasion, economic crisis, or widespread infiltration of saboteurs and counter-revolutionaries such as during the French Revolution.

Provisional governments maintain power until a new government can be appointed by a regular political process, which is generally an election.[2] They may be involved with defining the legal structure of subsequent regimes, guidelines related to human rights and political freedoms, the structure of the economy, government institutions, and international alignment.[3] Provisional governments differ from caretaker governments, which are responsible for governing within an established parliamentary system and serve as placeholders following a motion of no confidence, or following the dissolution of the ruling coalition.[3]

In opinion of Yossi Shain and Juan J. Linz, provisional governments can be classified to four groups:[4]

  1. Revolutionary provisional governments (when the former regime is overthrown and the power belongs to the people who have overthrown it).
  2. Power sharing provisional governments (when the power is shared between former regime and the ones who are trying to change it).
  3. Incumbent provisional governments (when the power during transitional period belongs to the former regime).
  4. International provisional governments (when the power during the transitional period belongs to the international community).

The establishment of provisional governments is frequently tied to the implementation of transitional justice.[5] Decisions related to transitional justice can determined by prominent and who is allowed to participate in a provisional government.[citation needed]

The early provisional governments were created to prepare for the return of royal rule. Irregularly convened assemblies during the English Revolution, such as Confederate Ireland (1641–49), were described as "provisional". The Continental Congress, a convention of delegates from 13 British colonies on the east coast of North America became the provisional government of the United States in 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. The government shed its provisional status in 1781, following ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and continued in existence as the Congress of the Confederation until it was supplanted by the United States Congress in 1789.

The practice of using "provisional government" as part of a formal name can be traced to Talleyrand's government in France in 1814. In 1843, American pioneers in the Oregon Country, in the Pacific Northwest region of North America established the Provisional Government of Oregon—as the U.S. federal government had not yet extended its jurisdiction over the region—which existed until March 1849. The numerous provisional governments during the Revolutions of 1848 gave the word its modern meaning: A liberal government established to prepare for elections.

List of provisional governments edit

Numerous provisional governments have been established since the 1850s.

Africa edit

As of 2024, nine African countries currently have provisional governments: South Sudan, Libya, Sudan, Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Niger and Gabon.

Americas edit

As of 2024 in the Americas, only Haiti has a provisional government.

Asia edit

World War I and Interbellum edit

World War II edit

Cold War and aftermath edit

21st century edit

As of 2024 in Asia, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Syria, and Yemen currently have provisional governments. The Syrian provisional governments are opposition groups in rebellion against their internationally recognized government. Afghanistan's provisional government is unrecognized, but is de facto the country's sole governing body. Myanmar and Yemen have both ruling and opposition provisional governments.

Europe edit

World War I and Interbellum edit

World War II edit

Provisional governments were also established throughout Europe as occupied nations were liberated from Nazi occupation by the Allies.

Cold War edit

Collapse of the USSR and aftermath edit

21st century edit

As of 2024 in Europe, only Belarus has a provisional government, established by the opposition in parallel with the government of the Republic of Belarus.

Oceania edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Google Ngram Viewer". from the original on 2019-06-08. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  2. ^ "caretaker government". Credo Reference. Dictionary of politics and government. from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  3. ^ a b Shain(1) Linz(2), Yossi(1) Linz(2) (January 1992). "The Role of Interim Governments". Journal of Democracy. 3: 73–79. doi:10.1353/jod.1992.0012. S2CID 153562287.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Yossi Shain, Juan J. Linz, "Between States: Interim Governments in Democratic Transitions", 1995, ISBN 9780521484985 [1] 2018-03-13 at the Wayback Machine, p. 5
  5. ^ McAuliffe, Padraig (1 September 2010). "Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law". Hague Journal of the Rule of Law. doi:10.1017/S1876404510200015. S2CID 154281455.
  6. ^ Sayigh, Yezid (1999). Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993 (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 624. ISBN 9780198296430. "The Palestinian National Council also empowered the central council to form a government-in-exile when appropriate, and the executive committee to perform the functions of government until such time as a government-in-exile was established."
  7. ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 67 Resolution 19. A/RES/67/19 Retrieved 2013-01-07.
  8. ^ "The Palestinian Authority". The New York Times. from the original on 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2012-11-29.
  9. ^ "Syria: Who's in control of Idlib?". BBC News. 2020-02-18. from the original on 2019-07-27. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
  10. ^ "Myanmar coup foes tout minority-backed shadow government". Associated Press. Yangon. 16 April 2021. from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  11. ^ "Myanmar shadow government condemns army ruler for taking PM role". Reuters. 2 August 2021. from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  12. ^ Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021). "EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises". The Hill. from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  13. ^ "Statement of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan regarding cabinet announcement". Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan – Voice of Jihad. 7 September 2021. from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2022. The Islamic Emirate has decided to appoint and announce a caretaker cabinet to undertake necessary governmental tasks.
  14. ^ Salem, Mostafa; Kolirin, Lianne (7 April 2022). "Hopes of peace in Yemen as President hands power to new presidential council". CNN. from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  15. ^ Ghobari, Mohamed (7 April 2022). "Yemen president sacks deputy, delegates presidential powers to council". Reuters. Aden. from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022. With this declaration a Presidential Leadership Council shall be established to complete the implementation of the tasks of the transitional period. I irreversibly delegate to the Presidential Leadership Council my full powers in accordance with the constitution and the Gulf Initiative and its executive mechanism.
  16. ^ "The Provisional National Government (1945)". The Orange Files: Notes on Illiberal Democracy in Hungary. 3 December 2015. from the original on 25 September 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  17. ^ "Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Cumhuriyet Meclisi". from the original on 2019-11-17. Retrieved 2019-11-17.

January 01, 1970
provisional, government, provisional, government, also, called, interim, government, emergency, government, transitional, government, provisional, leadership, temporary, government, formed, manage, period, transition, often, following, state, collapse, general. A provisional government also called an interim government an emergency government a transitional government or provisional leadership 1 is a temporary government formed to manage a period of transition often following state collapse Provisional governments are generally appointed and frequently arise either during or after civil or foreign wars or during difficult times such as during invasion economic crisis or widespread infiltration of saboteurs and counter revolutionaries such as during the French Revolution Provisional governments maintain power until a new government can be appointed by a regular political process which is generally an election 2 They may be involved with defining the legal structure of subsequent regimes guidelines related to human rights and political freedoms the structure of the economy government institutions and international alignment 3 Provisional governments differ from caretaker governments which are responsible for governing within an established parliamentary system and serve as placeholders following a motion of no confidence or following the dissolution of the ruling coalition 3 In opinion of Yossi Shain and Juan J Linz provisional governments can be classified to four groups 4 Revolutionary provisional governments when the former regime is overthrown and the power belongs to the people who have overthrown it Power sharing provisional governments when the power is shared between former regime and the ones who are trying to change it Incumbent provisional governments when the power during transitional period belongs to the former regime International provisional governments when the power during the transitional period belongs to the international community The establishment of provisional governments is frequently tied to the implementation of transitional justice 5 Decisions related to transitional justice can determined by prominent and who is allowed to participate in a provisional government citation needed The early provisional governments were created to prepare for the return of royal rule Irregularly convened assemblies during the English Revolution such as Confederate Ireland 1641 49 were described as provisional The Continental Congress a convention of delegates from 13 British colonies on the east coast of North America became the provisional government of the United States in 1776 during the American Revolutionary War The government shed its provisional status in 1781 following ratification of the Articles of Confederation and continued in existence as the Congress of the Confederation until it was supplanted by the United States Congress in 1789 The practice of using provisional government as part of a formal name can be traced to Talleyrand s government in France in 1814 In 1843 American pioneers in the Oregon Country in the Pacific Northwest region of North America established the Provisional Government of Oregon as the U S federal government had not yet extended its jurisdiction over the region which existed until March 1849 The numerous provisional governments during the Revolutions of 1848 gave the word its modern meaning A liberal government established to prepare for elections Contents 1 List of provisional governments 1 1 Africa 1 2 Americas 1 3 Asia 1 3 1 World War I and Interbellum 1 3 2 World War II 1 3 3 Cold War and aftermath 1 3 4 21st century 1 4 Europe 1 4 1 World War I and Interbellum 1 4 2 World War II 1 4 3 Cold War 1 4 4 Collapse of the USSR and aftermath 1 4 5 21st century 1 5 Oceania 2 See also 3 ReferencesList of provisional governments editNumerous provisional governments have been established since the 1850s Africa edit As of 2024 nine African countries currently have provisional governments South Sudan Libya Sudan Burkina Faso Chad Guinea Mali Niger and Gabon nbsp Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic 1958 1962 guerrilla movement nbsp Zimbabwe Rhodesia 1979 1980 a short lived yet internationally unrecognized sovereign state formed in the waning years of the Rhodesian Bush War in contrast with the reestablished Southern Rhodesia Ultimately dissolved in favor of granting independence to Southern Rhodesia as Zimbabwe nbsp Transitional Government of National Unity Namibia 1985 1989 interim government during the end of the South African Border War nbsp Transitional Government of Ethiopia 1991 1995 established after the end of the Ethiopian Civil War nbsp Provisional Government of Eritrea 1993 established after independence from Ethiopia nbsp Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2003 2006 established in 2003 following the conclusion of the Second Congo War nbsp National Transitional Legislative Assembly of Liberia 2003 2006 Liberia s legislative body during the country s transition from civil war to democratic rule nbsp National Transitional Council of Libya 2011 2012 formed during the 2011 civil war in Libya against the Gaddafi led government nbsp Interim government of Egypt 2013 2014 established following the June 2013 Egyptian protests and subsequent coup nbsp The UN supported Government of National Unity In Libya 2021 present formed following the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum in Sirte nbsp Sovereignty Council of Sudan 2019 2021 2021 present established in August 2019 after 8 month long protests against President Bashir and a subsequent military coup nbsp Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration in Burkina Faso 2022 present formed on 24 January 2022 the group took over after a coup in January Its leader Paul Henri Sandaogo Damiba suffered a coup himself later that year Afterwards Ibrahim Traore took power as the leader of the military junta and interim president of Burkina Faso nbsp Transitional Military Council 2021 2022 formed in 2021 following the death of Chadian President Idriss Deby nbsp National Transitional Council in Chad 2022 present formed in 2022 to replace the Transitional Military Council nbsp National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland CNSP 2023 present nbsp Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions 2023 present Americas edit As of 2024 in the Americas only Haiti has a provisional government nbsp Continental Congress 1776 1781 interim ruling body of the United States after declaring independence from the British Empire Following the ratification of the Articles of Confederation the Continental Congress was absorbed into the Congress of the Confederation which subsequently became the United States Congress upon ratification of the Constitution nbsp Provisional Government of Mexico 1823 1824 interim ruling body of Mexico following the dissolution of the First Mexican Empire Succeeded by the First Mexican Republic following the ratification of the 1824 Constitution nbsp Texian Consultation 1835 1836 interim ruling body of Mexican Texas during the Texas Revolution Ultimately collapsed due to political tensions following the Matamoros Expedition nbsp U S provisional government of New Mexico 1846 1850 interim ruling body of New Mexico following the region s occupation by the United States during the Mexican American War Succeeded by the New Mexico Territory in 1850 before being admitted to the Union as the 47th state in 1912 nbsp National Council of Government 1986 1988 interim ruling body of Haiti after the departure of Jean Claude Duvalier nbsp Venezuelan transitional government 2019 2022 established in January 2019 by the National Assembly led by Juan Guaido currently in dispute with the incumbent government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela led by Nicolas Maduro The transitional government is supported and recognized by the United States the European Union the Lima Group and many other Western countries nbsp Transitional Presidential Council 2024 present established in April 2024 to exercise the powers and duties of the President of Haiti either until an elected president is inaugurated or until 7 February 2026 The council was officially sworn in as the head of state of Haiti following the resignation of acting president Ariel Henry on 24 April Asia edit nbsp Revolutionary Government of the Philippines 1898 1899 established in the Spanish East Indies nbsp Provisional Government of the Republic of China 1912 established after the success of the Wuchang uprising World War I and Interbellum edit Provisional Government of India 1915 government in exile based in Kabul Afghanistan nbsp Republic of Van 1915 established in Western Armenia nbsp South West Caucasian Republic 1919 established in Kars nbsp Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1919 established in exile based in Shanghai China and later in Chongqing during the Japanese occupation of Korea nbsp Government of the Grand National Assembly 1920 1923 established as an alternative government to the Allied occupied Ottoman Empire during the Turkish War of Independence World War II edit nbsp Provisional Government of the Republic of China 1937 40 established by the Empire of Japan after its invasion of Eastern China nbsp Provisional Government of Free India 1943 1945 commonly known as Azad Hind established by Indian nationalists in southeast Asia had nominal sovereignty over Axis controlled Indian territories and had diplomatic relationships with eleven countries including Germany Italy Japan Philippines and the Soviet Union It was headed by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose who was the Head of the State and Prime Minister who was also Supreme Commander of the Indian National Army The government had its own cabinet and banks and was the first government to recruit women for combat roles Cold War and aftermath edit nbsp People s Republic of Korea 1945 1946 a provisional government established following the surrender of Japan at the conclusion of World War II which resulted in the restoration of Korean independence Following the division of Korea the PRK was outlawed by the United States in favor of the American military government while the Soviet Union incorporated it into the Provisional People s Committee of North Korea nbsp United States Army Military Government in Korea 1945 1948 an interim government formed by the United States concurrently with the People s Republic of Korea following the peninsula s independence from Japan Later incorporated into South Korea following the division of Korea and the American ban on the People s Republic nbsp Provisional People s Committee of North Korea 1946 1947 an interim government formed by the Soviet Civil Administration following the division of Korea and the absorption of the People s Republic of Korea Succeeded by the People s Committee of North Korea nbsp Interim Government of India 1946 1947 an interim government formed by the newly created Constituent Assembly of India to administer what would become the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan in the transitional period between British rule and independence nbsp People s Committee of North Korea 1947 1948 the successor government to the Provisional People s Committee of North Korea during the latter period of Soviet occupation Ultimately incorporated into North Korea nbsp Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia 1948 1949 an emergency government established by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara in Sumatra following the capture of Yogyakarta the then Indonesian capital by the Netherlands nbsp Provisional government of Israel 1948 1949 established after Israel s declaration of independence and in place until after the first Knesset elections nbsp Provisional Central Government of Vietnam 1948 1949 established as a puppet government by French during the First Indochina War nbsp Provisional Government of the Syrian Arab Republic 1949 established by national consensus to draft a new constitution and reintroduce civilian rule after a series of military governments nbsp Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam 1969 1976 established during the Vietnam War against the United States and Republic of Vietnam nbsp Provisional Government of the People s Republic of Bangladesh 1970 1972 established after the declaration of freedom of Bengalis exiled to Calcutta nbsp Provisional Government of East Timor 1975 1976 established as a puppet state following the success of the Indonesian invasion of East Timor Ultimately dissolved following the country s annexation as a province of Indonesia nbsp Interim Government of Iran a provisional government established after the 1979 Iranian Revolution nbsp Democratic Republic of Iran formed in 1981 by the People s Mujahedin of Iran based in Paris and later Albania It serves as the main Iranian government in exile opposing the clerical government nbsp Provisional Government of the Philippines 1986 1987 established after the People Power Revolution until the new constitution ratified nbsp Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization 1988 after it was entrusted with the powers and responsibilities of the Provisional Government of the State of Palestine 6 7 nbsp United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia 1992 1993 nbsp Palestinian National Authority 1994 2013 the administrative organization established to govern parts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip following the Oslo Accords 8 21st century edit As of 2024 in Asia Afghanistan Myanmar Syria and Yemen currently have provisional governments The Syrian provisional governments are opposition groups in rebellion against their internationally recognized government Afghanistan s provisional government is unrecognized but is de facto the country s sole governing body Myanmar and Yemen have both ruling and opposition provisional governments nbsp Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq 2003 2004 with the Iraqi Interim Governing Council established to act as a caretaker administration in Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq pending the hand over of power to the Iraqi people and the creation of a democratically elected civilian government nbsp Iraqi Interim Government 2004 2005 and the Iraqi Transitional Government 2005 2006 were both provisional authorities established after the hand over of power to the Iraqi people following the 2003 invasion of Iraq to govern pending the adoption of a permanent constitution nbsp Syrian Interim Government 2013 present established by the Syrian National Coalition during the Syrian Civil War nbsp Supreme Political Council of Yemen 2015 present established by the Houthi Movement after the 2014 15 Yemeni coup d etat currently participating in the Yemeni Civil War 2014 present against the governments of Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi and the Presidential Leadership Council nbsp Southern Transitional Council of South Yemen 2016 present established by the Southern Movement a separatist group in southern Yemen during the Yemeni Civil War 2014 present nbsp Syrian Salvation Government 2017 present established by Hayat Tahrir al Sham in the Idlib Governorate 9 nbsp Interim government of Kyrgyzstan 2020 2021 established in 2020 in the aftermath of the 2020 Kyrgyzstani protests nbsp National Unity Government of Myanmar 2021 present established in exile by the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in opposition to the 2021 Myanmar coup d etat 10 nbsp Provisional Government of Myanmar 2021 present established by the State Administration Council as a formalization of its rule six months after the 2021 Myanmar coup d etat 11 nbsp Caretaker Cabinet of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 2021 present established by the Taliban following the 2021 fall of Kabul 12 13 nbsp Presidential Leadership Council 2022 present established by internationally recognized outgoing president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi to seek a comprehensive political solution to the Yemeni Civil War 14 15 Europe edit nbsp Provisional Government of Spain 1868 1871 established after the Spanish Glorious Revolution pending the election of a new Constitutional Monarch nbsp Provisional Government of the Portuguese Republic 1910 1911 established in the aftermath of the Republican Revolution that overthrow the Portuguese monarchy World War I and Interbellum edit nbsp Provisional Government of Albania 1912 1914 established after the First Balkan War nbsp Provisional Government of Western Thrace 1913 established in modern Greece in opposition to annexation by Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War nbsp Provisional Government of Northern Epirus 1914 established against annexation to Albania nbsp Provisional Government of the Irish Republic 1916 a title adopted by the leadership of the short lived Easter Rising nbsp Provisional Government of National Defence 1916 alternative government established in the city of Thessaloniki in northern Greece nbsp Russian Provisional Government 1917 established as a result of the February Revolution which led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II nbsp State of Slovenes Croats and Serbs 1918 established in 1918 as the unrecognized first incarnation of Yugoslavia and later merged with the Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro to form the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes nbsp Estonian Provisional Government 1918 1919 nbsp Council of the People s Deputies 1918 1919 formed by the German Empire s main socialist parties during the German Revolution before adopting a big tent policy and facilitating the transition to a republican government Succeeded by the Scheidemann cabinet the first government of the Weimar Republic following the 1919 German federal election nbsp Latvian Provisional Government 1918 1920 nbsp Provisional People s Government of the Republic of Poland 1918 established following Austria Hungary s Parliamentary motion in favor of restoring Polish independence Dissolved following the ascension of Jozef Pilsudski as head of state and the establishment of the Second Polish Republic nbsp Ukrainian Provisional Government 1918 nbsp Provisional Regional Government of the Urals 1918 a short lived anti Bolshevik state within the territory of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Voluntarily dissolved after two months ceding power to the Provisional All Russian Government nbsp Provisional Government of the Northern Region 1918 1920 nbsp Provisional Government of Ireland 1922 established by the Anglo Irish Treaty between the British government and Irish revolutionaries in order to pave the way for the establishment of the Irish Free State in the same year World War II edit nbsp Provisional Government of Lithuania 1941 established when Lithuanians overthrew the Soviet occupation during the June Uprising It functioned briefly until Nazi Germany annexed the country nbsp Provisional National Government of Hungary 1944 1945 Ideiglenes Nemzeti Kormany 16 nbsp Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1945 nbsp French Committee of National Liberation Comite Francais de Liberation Nationale CFLN 1943 1944 set up in Algiers then a part of metropolitan France nbsp Provisional Government of the French Republic GPRF 1944 1946 government of the provisional Republic until the establishment of the Fourth Republic nbsp Democratic Government of Albania 1944 1946 nbsp Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland 1944 1945 established by the State National Council with the intention of creating a Soviet aligned communist Poland contrary to the western aligned Polish government in exile which it did not recognize Succeeded by the Provisional Government of National Unity nbsp Flensburg Government 1945 established following the suicides of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels during the closing days of the Third Reich nbsp Provisional Government of National Unity 1945 1947 established as the successor to the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland Dissolved following the establishment of the Polish People s Republic Provisional governments were also established throughout Europe as occupied nations were liberated from Nazi occupation by the Allies Cold War edit nbsp Provisional Turkish Cypriot Administration 17 1967 1971 Collapse of the USSR and aftermath edit nbsp Government of National Understanding established in Czechoslovakia after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 nbsp National Salvation Front established in Romania after the fall of Nicolae Ceaușescu and the end of the Socialist Republic of Romania in 1989 nbsp Estonian Interim Government 1990 1992 nbsp State Committee on the State of Emergency in the Soviet Union after the 1991 Soviet coup d etat attempt 21st century edit As of 2024 in Europe only Belarus has a provisional government established by the opposition in parallel with the government of the Republic of Belarus nbsp Belarusian Coordination Council 2020 present established in the aftermath of the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and during subsequent protests The transitional government is supported and recognized by Lithuania Oceania edit nbsp Provisional Government of Hawaii 1893 1894 established in 1893 after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and renamed to the Republic of Hawaii in 1894 nbsp 1901 caretaker government of Australia established pending the first election to the newly established Commonwealth of Australia See also edit nbsp Government portal Caretaker government Government in exile Military junta Interregnum Martial law List of territories governed by the United NationsReferences edit Google Ngram Viewer Archived from the original on 2019 06 08 Retrieved 2019 03 08 caretaker government Credo Reference Dictionary of politics and government Archived from the original on 1 June 2022 Retrieved 18 December 2015 a b Shain 1 Linz 2 Yossi 1 Linz 2 January 1992 The Role of Interim Governments Journal of Democracy 3 73 79 doi 10 1353 jod 1992 0012 S2CID 153562287 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Yossi Shain Juan J Linz Between States Interim Governments in Democratic Transitions 1995 ISBN 9780521484985 1 Archived 2018 03 13 at the Wayback Machine p 5 McAuliffe Padraig 1 September 2010 Transitional Justice and the Rule of Law Hague Journal of the Rule of Law doi 10 1017 S1876404510200015 S2CID 154281455 Sayigh Yezid 1999 Armed Struggle and the Search for State The Palestinian National Movement 1949 1993 illustrated ed Oxford University Press p 624 ISBN 9780198296430 The Palestinian National Council also empowered the central council to form a government in exile when appropriate and the executive committee to perform the functions of government until such time as a government in exile was established United Nations General Assembly Session 67 Resolution 19 A RES 67 19 Retrieved 2013 01 07 The Palestinian Authority The New York Times Archived from the original on 2013 07 21 Retrieved 2012 11 29 Syria Who s in control of Idlib BBC News 2020 02 18 Archived from the original on 2019 07 27 Retrieved 2021 02 22 Myanmar coup foes tout minority backed shadow government Associated Press Yangon 16 April 2021 Archived from the original on 18 March 2022 Retrieved 18 March 2022 Myanmar shadow government condemns army ruler for taking PM role Reuters 2 August 2021 Archived from the original on 3 April 2022 Retrieved 18 March 2022 Choi Joseph 8 September 2021 EU Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises The Hill Archived from the original on 18 March 2022 Retrieved 18 March 2022 Statement of Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan regarding cabinet announcement Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Voice of Jihad 7 September 2021 Archived from the original on 5 December 2021 Retrieved 18 March 2022 The Islamic Emirate has decided to appoint and announce a caretaker cabinet to undertake necessary governmental tasks Salem Mostafa Kolirin Lianne 7 April 2022 Hopes of peace in Yemen as President hands power to new presidential council CNN Archived from the original on 8 April 2022 Retrieved 8 April 2022 Ghobari Mohamed 7 April 2022 Yemen president sacks deputy delegates presidential powers to council Reuters Aden Archived from the original on 1 May 2022 Retrieved 7 April 2022 With this declaration a Presidential Leadership Council shall be established to complete the implementation of the tasks of the transitional period I irreversibly delegate to the Presidential Leadership Council my full powers in accordance with the constitution and the Gulf Initiative and its executive mechanism The Provisional National Government 1945 The Orange Files Notes on Illiberal Democracy in Hungary 3 December 2015 Archived from the original on 25 September 2017 Retrieved 20 March 2017 Kuzey Kibris Turk Cumhuriyeti Cumhuriyet Meclisi Archived from the original on 2019 11 17 Retrieved 2019 11 17 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Provisional government amp oldid 1221054812, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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