Foreign relations of the Gambia

The Gambia followed a formal policy of non-alignment throughout most of former President Dawda Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained The Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States. Starting in 1995, President Yahya Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, the Republic of China (on Taiwan, before 2013), and Cuba. During his last years, the EU grew increasingly intolerant of Jammeh's iron-fist rule. Consequently, Brussels withheld millions of Euros to The Gambia. Jammeh fired back by expelling the EU's top diplomat in the country after he had accused the bloc and human rights activists of conniving to besmirch the image of his government for its stance on homosexuality.^[1]

Countries with which the Gambia maintains diplomatic relations with

Bilateral relations

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Algeria		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[2]
Angola	3 September 2021	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa^[3]^[4]
Benin		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[5]
Botswana		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[6]
Burkina Faso		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[7]
Burundi	15 October 2021	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa^[8]^[9]
Cameroon	8 March 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 March 1975^[10]^[11]
Cape Verde		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[12]
Chad	31 August 2021	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa^[3]^[4]
Comoros	11 October 2021	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 2021.^[13]
Democratic Republic of the Congo		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[14]
Republic of the Congo	17 June 2022	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 June 2022.^[15]
Cote d'Ivoire	8 August 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 August 1975.^[16]
Djibouti	1 July 2021	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 2021.^[4]
Equatorial Guinea	29 May 2022	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 2022.^[17]
Ethiopia	17 October 1966	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1966.^[18]
Gabon	1 September 2021	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 2021.^[3]^[4]
Ghana		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[19]
Guinea		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[20]
Guinea-Bissau		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[21]
Kenya		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[22]
Liberia		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[23]
Libya		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[24]
Malawi	19 February 2019	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 2019.^[25]
Mali	21 June 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 June 1971 when Gambia's first Ambassador to Mali , Mr. Samuel Jonathan Okiki Sarr , presented his credentials to the Head of States , Lieut. Traore.^[26]
Mauritania		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[27]
Mauritius	4 March 2003	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 2003.^[28]
Morocco		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations and the Gambia supports Morocco in regards to the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.^[29]
Namibia		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[30]
Niger		Both countries were members of ECOWAS.^[31]
Nigeria	28 May 1965^[32]	The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[32]
Rwanda		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[33]
Senegal	13 May 1965^[32]	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 May 1965.^[32]
Sierra Leone	10 December 1966^[32]	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1966.^[32]
Somalia		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[34]
South Africa	7 August 1998	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 1998^[35]
Sudan		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[36]
Tanzania		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[37]
Togo	10 May 1977	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1977^[38]
Tunisia	1972^[39]	The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[40]
Uganda		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[41]
Zambia		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[42]
Zimbabwe	19 July 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 July 2012.^[43]

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Armenia	9 October 2018	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2018.^[44]
Azerbaijan	11 November 1994	See Azerbaijan-Gambia relations On November 11, 1994, Azerbaijan and the Gambia signed the Protocol on the establishment of diplomatic relations.^[45]
Bahrain	6 February 1983	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1983.^[46]
Bangladesh		Bangladesh and Gambia maintain diplomatic relations.^[47]
Brunei	21 January 2016	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 2016.^[48]
Cambodia	28 April 2010	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 2010.^[28]
China	14 December 1974^[49]	See China–Gambia relations China and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016.^[50]
Georgia	21 April 2010	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 2010.^[28]
India	25 June 1965	See Gambia–India relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1965^[51]
Indonesia	30 May 1982	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1982^[52]
Iran		Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[53]
Iraq		Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[54]
Israel	3 June 1965^[32]	Both countries reestablished diplomatic relations on 13 September 1992.^[55]
Japan	18 February 1965	Both countries reestablished diplomatic relations on 18 February 1965.^[56]
Jordan	13 March 2007	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 2007.^[57]
Kazakhstan	26 April 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 2011.^[58]
Kuwait		Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[59]
Kyrgyzstan	30 June 2000	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 2000.^[28]
Lebanon	24 May 1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1965.^[60]
Malaysia	1981	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1981^[61] See Gambia–Malaysia relations The Malaysian embassy in Dakar is accredited to The Gambia while the Gambian embassy in Abu Dhabi is accredited to Malaysia. The relations are friendly and warm.^[62]
Maldives	3 July 1989	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1989.^[63]
Mongolia	22 December 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 2011.^[28]
Myanmar	13 January 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 2011.^[28]
Nepal	24 May 2021	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 2022.^[28]
North Korea	2 March 1973	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1973^[64]
Oman		Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[65]
Pakistan	1967	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1967.^[66]
State of Palestine	18 November 1988	Gambia and the State of Palestine maintain diplomatic relations.^[67]
Philippines	26 June 1996	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1996.^[68]
Qatar	22 January 1978	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1978.^[69]
Saudi Arabia	9 May 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1974.^[70]
Singapore	23 January 2015	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 2015.^[28]
South Korea	21 April 1965	Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Gambia were formally established on 21 April 1965. As of 2011, there were 24 South Koreans living in Gambia.^[71]
Sri Lanka	10 May 2019	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 2019.^[28]
Taiwan	—	See Gambia–Taiwan relations The Gambia firstly established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1968, three years after The Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom.^[1] In 1974, The Gambia switched diplomatic relations from ROC to the People's Republic of China but switched again back to ROC in 1995. In December 2006, the Premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) completed an official visit to the Gambia in part to pay respects to President Jammeh's inaugural ceremony and to donate funds for medical purposes. The Gambian Secretary of State reciprocated with an official visit to Taiwan. There have been several occasional official visits between the two countries. The People's Republic of China cut ties with the Gambia in 1995 after the latter established diplomatic links with the Republic of China (Taiwan). After 18 years, however, Gambian President Yahya Jammeh announced the breaking of diplomatic ties with ROC to recognize PRC on 14 November 2013 citing national strategic interest, immediately even after receiving US$6.6  million worth of aid from the Republic of China (Taiwan) earlier. The ROC officially terminated its ties with The Gambia four days later on 18 November 2013.^[72] In an unprecedented move, however, the PRC did not respond to Gambia's offer to establish diplomatic relations, presumably because of its desire to improve relations with Taiwan.^[72] The PRC and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016.^[1]
Tajikistan	18 December 2017	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 2017.^[73]
Thailand	15 February 1985	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1985.^[74]
Turkey	18 February 1965^[75]	The Gambia has an embassy in Ankara.^[75] Turkey has an embassy in Banjul.^[75] There are direct flights from Istanbul to Banjul since August 2018.^[75]
Turkmenistan	9 August 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 2012.^[28]
United Arab Emirates		Both countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[76]
Vietnam	30 October 1973	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 October 1973.^[77]
Yemen	28 March 1985	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1985.^[78]

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Argentina	15 January 1980	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1980.^[79]
Belize	22 September 2023	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2023^[80]
Brazil	1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965.^[81]
Canada	1966	Diplomatic relations were established in 1966.^[82]
Chile		Chile and the Gambia maintain diplomatic relations.^[83]
Colombia	3 October 1988	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1988.^[28]
Costa Rica	26 October 1999	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 1999.^[28]
Cuba	19 May 1979	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1979.^[84]^[85]
Dominica	26 July 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 2012.^[28]
Dominican Republic	10 May 2019	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 2019.^[86]^[87]
Ecuador	1 December 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2011.^[28]
Guatemala	25 September 2006	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2006.^[28]
Guyana	24 September 2009	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 September 2009.^[28]
Jamaica	29 November 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 2011.^[28]
Mexico	15 August 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1975^[88] Mexico is accredited to The Gambia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.^[89]
Nicaragua	8 July 2019	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 2019.^[28]
Paraguay	22 April 2010	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 April 2010.^[90]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	6 June 2016	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2016.^[91]
Saint Lucia	13 April 2016	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 April 2016.^[92]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	2 March 2019	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 2009.^[93]
Suriname	17 October 1977	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1977.^[94]
United States	9 August 1965	See Gambia–United States relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1965^[95] U.S. policy seeks to build improved relations with the Gambia on the basis of historical ties, mutual respect, democratic rule, human rights, and adherence to UN resolutions on counterterrorism, conflict diamonds, and other forms of trafficking. In accordance with U.S. law, most direct bilateral development and military assistance to the Gambia was suspended because of the 1994 coup d'état. U.S. assistance continues, however, in the form of food aid administered through Catholic Relief Services, support for democracy and human rights projects, and the financing of girls' secondary education. In addition, the Peace Corps maintains a large program with about eighty volunteers engaged in the environment, public health, and education sectors, mainly at the village level. The Gambia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).
Uruguay	25 September 2007	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2007.^[28]
Venezuela	17 August 1974	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 August 1974.^[96]

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Austria		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[97]
Belarus	10 April 2002	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 2002.^[28]
Belgium		Gambia has an embassy in Brussels.^[98]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	12 July 1996	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1996.^[99]
Croatia	16 October 1998	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1998.^[28]
Cyprus	8 December 2000	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 2000.^[28]
Czech Republic	1972	Czechoslovakia and Gambia established diplomatic relations in 1972.^[100]
Denmark	January 1979	Both countries established diplomatic relations in January 1979.^[101]
Estonia	30 May 2001	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 2001.^[102]
Finland	1 September 1988	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1988.^[103]
France	31 May 1965	Diplomatic relations were established on 31 MAy 1965.^[32]
Germany	26 April 1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1965.^[104]
Greece		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[105]
Holy See	7 June 1978	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1978.^[106]
Hungary	14 June 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1971.^[107]
Iceland	11 May 2004	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 2004.^[28]
Ireland	29 May 2001	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 2001.^[28]
Italy		Italy is represented in Gambia through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.^[108]
Kosovo	23 September 2016	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2016.^[109]
Latvia	12 March 1998	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1998.^[110]
Lithuania	17 February 2000	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 2000.^[28]
Luxembourg		Gambia is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels.^[98]
Malta	21 October 1976	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1976.^[111]
Moldova	12 June 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 2012.^[28]
Montenegro	16 August 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 2012.^[28]
Netherlands	20 February 1967^[112]	Gambia is represented in the Netherlands through its embassy in Brussels.^[98]
North Macedonia	29 September 1998	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1998.^[113]
Norway	8 February 1983	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 February 1983.^[114]
Poland	21 January 1975	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1975.^[115]
Portugal	8 September 1976	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 September 1976.^[116]
Romania	30 July 1971	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1971.^[117]
Russia	17 July 1965	See Gambia–Russia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1965.^[118]
San Marino	29 October 2004	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 October 2004.^[119]
Serbia	1965	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965.^[120]
Slovakia	18 August 1995	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1995.^[121]
Slovenia	25 August 2005	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 2005.^[28]
Spain	14 August 1965	See Gambia–Spain relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1965^[122]
Sweden		Gambia and Sweden maintain diplomatic relations.^[47]
Switzerland		Gambia and Switzerland maintain diplomatic relations.^[47]
Ukraine	2 July 1999	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1999.^[28]
United Kingdom	18 February 1965^[32]	An 1889 agreement with France established the present boundaries. The Gambia became a British Crown Colony, British Gambia, divided for administrative purposes into the colony (city of Banjul and the surrounding area) and the protectorate (remainder of the territory). The Gambia received its own executive and legislative councils in 1901 and gradually progressed toward self-government. It passed a 1906 ordinance abolishing slavery. During World War II, Gambian troops fought with the Allies in Burma. Banjul (then named Bathurst) served as an air stop for the U.S. Army Air Corps and a port of call for Allied naval convoys. U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped overnight in Banjul en route to and from the Casablanca Conference in 1943, marking the first visit to the African continent by a sitting American president. After World War II, the pace of constitutional reform increased. Following general elections in 1962, the United Kingdom granted full internal self-governance in the following year. The Gambia achieved independence on 18 February 1965, as a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations.

Pacific

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Australia		The two countries maintain diplomatic relations.^[123]
Fiji	24 October 2014	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 2014.^[28]
Kiribati	27 September 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.^[124]
Nauru	27 September 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.^[124]
Solomon Islands	19 May 2011	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 2011.^[125]
Tuvalu	26 July 2012	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 2012.^[28]

The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations

The Gambia was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations from its independence in 1965 until its withdrawal in October 2013.^[126]

After presidential elections in 2016, the winning candidate Adama Barrow promised to return The Gambia to the Commonwealth.^[127] On 14 February 2017, The Gambia began the process of returning and formally presented its application to re-join to Secretary-General Patricia Scotland on 22 January 2018.^[128][129] Boris Johnson, who became the first British Foreign Secretary to visit The Gambia since the country gained independence in 1965,^[130] announced that the British government welcomed The Gambia's return to the Commonwealth.^[130]

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in the Gambia
• List of diplomatic missions of the Gambia

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