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Dundee

March 31, 2024

This article is about the city in Scotland. For other uses, see Dundee (disambiguation).

Dundee (/dʌnˈdiː/ ⓘ; Scots: Dundee; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Dè or Dùn Dèagh, pronounced [t̪un ˈtʲeː]) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland. The mid-year population estimate for 2016 was 148,210, giving Dundee a population density of 2,478/km2 or 6,420/sq mi, the second-highest in Scotland. It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea. Under the name of Dundee City,[10] it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Angus, the city developed into a burgh in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port.[11] Rapid expansion was brought on by the Industrial Revolution, particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global jute industry.[12] This, along with its other major industries, gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jute, jam and journalism".

Dundee
Dùn Dè (Scottish Gaelic)
City and council area
Dundee City
Skyline of Dundee from the South
From top, left to right: Tay Bridge across the Firth of Tay, V&A Dundee design museum, Broughty Castle, McManus Gallery, RRS Discovery and Cox's Stack in Lochee.
Flag
Coat of arms
Etymology: Scottish Gaelic – Dùn Dè (Tay Fort)[1]
Nickname: 
"The City of Discovery"
Dundee
Location in Scotland
Dundee
Dundee (Europe)
Coordinates: 56°27′43″N 2°58′15″W / 56.462°N 2.9707°W / 56.462; -2.9707
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryScotland
Council AreaDundee City
Lieutenancy AreaDundee
Foundedc. 11th century AD
Burgh charter1191; 833 years ago (1191)
City status26 January 1889; 135 years ago (1889-01-26)
Government
 • BodyDundee City Council
 • Lord ProvostBill Campbell
 • Leader of Dundee City CouncilJohn Alexander[2]
 • MSPs
 • MPs
Area
[3]
 • Locality18.0 sq mi (46.5 km2)
 • Urban
 (Settlement)[4]
19.4 sq mi (50.2 km2)
 • Council area[5]23.1 sq mi (59.8 km2)
Elevation
[6]
59 ft (18 m)
Population
 (mid-2020 est.)[7](2021)[8]
 • Locality148,210
 • Rank4th, Scotland
 • Density8,300/sq mi (3,200/km2)
 • Urban
 (Settlement)
158,820
 • Urban density8,200/sq mi (3,200/km2)
 • Metro
 (2020)[9]
264,890
 • Council area
147,720
 • Council area density6,400/sq mi (2,470/km2)
 • Language(s)
English
Scots
DemonymDundonian
Time zoneUTC±0 (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (BST)
Postcode Areas
DD1-5
Area code01382
ISO 3166-2GB-DND
ONS CodeS12000042
OS Grid ReferenceNO4030
NUTS 3UKM21
Primary airportDundee Airport
Websitewww.dundeecity.gov.uk

Today, Dundee is promoted as "One City, Many Discoveries" in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery, Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital entertainment industry, including mobile app development and gaming. Dundee has two universities – the University of Dundee and Abertay University. In 2014, Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK's first UNESCO City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research, comics and video games.[13][14][15]

With the decline of traditional industry, the city has adopted a plan to regenerate and reinvent itself as a cultural centre.[16] In pursuit of this, a £1 billion master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre started in 2001 and is expected to be completed within a 30-year period. The V&A Dundee – the first branch of the V&A to operate outside of London – is the main centre piece of the waterfront project.[17][18]

A unique feature of Dundee is that its two professional football clubs, Dundee F.C. and Dundee United F.C., have stadiums all but adjacent to each other.[19] In recent years, Dundee's international profile has risen. GQ magazine named Dundee the "Coolest Little City in Britain" in 2015 and The Wall Street Journal ranked Dundee at number 5 on its "Worldwide Hot Destinations" list for 2018.[20]

History edit

Main article: History of Dundee

The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the common Celtic place-name element dun, meaning fort; and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element, cognate with the Gaelic dè, meaning 'fire'.[21]

 
Dundee in 1693 by John Slezer

While earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant,[22] Dundee's success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of William the Lion's charter, granting Dundee to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon) in the late 12th century.[23] The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre led to a period of prosperity and growth.[24] The earldom was passed down to David's descendants, amongst whom was John Balliol. The town became a Royal Burgh on John's coronation as king in 1292.[25] The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the First War of Independence and recaptured by Robert the Bruce in early 1312.[26] The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327.[27]

The burgh suffered considerably during the conflict known as the Rough Wooing of 1543 to 1550, and was occupied by the English forces of Andrew Dudley from 1547. In 1548, unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force, Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground.[28] In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose.[29] The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces led by George Monck in 1651.[30] The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Jacobite cause when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on the Dundee Law in 1689.[31] The town was held by the Jacobites in the 1715–16 rising, and on 6 January 1716 the Jacobite claimant to the throne, James VIII and III (the Old Pretender), made a public entry into the town. Many in Scotland, including many in Dundee, regarded him as the rightful king.[32]

A notable resident of Dundee was Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan of Camperdown, Baron of Lundie (1 July 1731 to 4 August 1804). He was born in Dundee on 1 July 1731, the son of Alexander Duncan of Lundie, Provost of Dundee. Adam was educated in Dundee and later joined the Royal Navy on board the sloop Trial. He rose to be admiral and in October 1797 defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown (north of Haarlem). This was seen as one of the most significant actions in naval history.[33]

The economy of medieval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool, with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century.[34] Two government Acts in the mid 18th century had a profound effect on Dundee's industrial success: the textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four-storey mills, stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government-funded subsidy on Osnaburg linen produced for export.[35] Expansion of the whaling industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act, introduced in 1750 to increase Britain's maritime and naval skill base.[36] Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.[37]

The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles, particularly for cheaper, tough fabrics.[38] The discovery that the dry fibres of jute could be lubricated with whale oil (of which Dundee had a surfeit, following the opening of its gasworks) to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted in the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute, which sold at a quarter of the price of flax.[39] Interruption of Prussian flax imports during the Crimean War and of cotton during the American Civil War resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century.[40] Unprecedented immigration, notably of Irish workers, led to accelerated urban expansion, and at the height of the industry's success, Dundee supported 62 jute mills, employing some 50,000 workers.[41] Cox Brothers, who owned the massive Camperdown Works in Lochee, were one of the largest jute manufacturers in Europe and employed more than 5,000 workers.[42]

The rise of the textile industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries, notably of the whaling, maritime and shipbuilding industries,[43] and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand for port capacity.[44] At its height, 200 ships per year were built there, including Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic research vessel, the RRS Discovery. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city.[45] A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with whale oil. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.[46]

 
The original Tay Bridge (from the south) the day after the disaster. The collapsed section can be seen near the northern end.

While the city's economy was dominated by the jute industry, it also became known for smaller industries. Most notable among these were James Keiller's and Sons, established in 1795, which pioneered commercial marmalade production,[47] and the publishing firm DC Thomson, which was founded in the city in 1905. Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.

The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the Tay Bridge disaster. The first Tay Rail Bridge was opened in 1878. It collapsed some 18 months later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives.[48] The most destructive fire in the city's history came in 1906, reportedly sending "rivers of burning whisky" through the street.

The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century, partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in Calcutta.[49] This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average, peaking in the inter-war period,[50] but major recovery was seen in the post-war period, thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like Timex and NCR, and subsequent expansion into microelectronics.[51]

A £1 billion master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30-year period between 2001 and 2031.[52] The aims of the project are to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront; to improve facilities for walking, cyclists and buses; to replace the existing inner ring road with a pair of east/west tree-lined boulevards; and to provide a new civic square and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge. A new Victoria and Albert Museum opened on 15 September 2018.

Governance edit

Main article: Politics of Dundee
 
Coat of arms of the city of Dundee

Dundee was granted Royal Burgh status on the coronation of John Balliol as King of Scotland in 1292.[25] The city has two mottos – Latin: Dei Donum (Gift of God) and Prudentia et Candore (With Thought and Purity) although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes.[53]

Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of Longforgan (which included Invergowrie) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following implementation of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994.[54] This placed Monifieth and Invergowrie in the unitary authorities of Angus and Perth and Kinross, largely reinstating the pre-1975 county boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie.[55]

On 18 September 2014, Dundee was one of four council areas to vote "Yes" in the Scottish independence referendum, with 57.3% voting "Yes" on a 78.8% turnout. With the highest Yes vote for any local authority in Scotland, some in the Yes Scotland campaign nicknamed Dundee the 'Yes City', including former First Minister Alex Salmond.[56][57]

Local government edit

 
Dundee City Chambers, where the city council meets

Dundee is one of 32 council areas of Scotland,[54] and is represented by the Dundee City Council – a local council composed of 29 elected councillors. Previously the city was a county of a city and later a district of the Tayside region. Council meetings take place in the City Chambers, which opened in 1933 in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the Lord Provost, a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. The political head of the council is known as the Leader of the council or Leader of the Administration. The Leader chairs the Policy & Resources Committee. Dundee House, the new headquarters for the city council on North Lindsay Street, opened in August 2011.[58] This has replaced Tayside House which was demolished in 2013 as part of the Dundee Waterfront improvements.[58][59]

Elections to the council are normally on a four-year cycle. The most recent election took place on 5 May 2022. Since 2007, the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 has meant that there are eight multi-member wards which elect three or four councillors by single transferable vote, to produce a form of proportional representation.[60] The 2012 elections gave the SNP overall control of the council with 16 seats. However, the 2017 contest saw the SNP lose their majority, although they remained the largest party with 14 councillors.[61] Scotland's longest-serving councillor, Ian Borthwick, sits on the council.

Westminster and Holyrood edit

For elections to the British House of Commons at Westminster, the city area and portions of the Angus council area are divided in two constituencies.[62] The constituencies of Dundee East and Dundee West are represented by Stewart Hosie (Scottish National Party)[63] and Chris Law (Scottish National Party), respectively, both of whom were re-elected at the 2019 General Election. For elections to the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, the city area is divided between three constituencies. The Dundee City East constituency and the Dundee City West constituency are entirely within the city area. The Angus South (Holyrood) constituency includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area.[62] All three constituencies are within the North East Scotland electoral region: Shona Robison (SNP) is the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency;[64] Joe Fitzpatrick (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency[65] and Graeme Dey (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency.[66]

Dundee was also part of the pan-Scotland European Parliament constituency until 31 January 2020 when the U.K. left the EU. Seven Members of the European Parliament (MEP)s were elected using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.[67] In the last European Election Scotland voted, it returned three SNP MEPs, one Liberal Democrat MEP, one Conservative and Unionist MEP and one Brexit Party MEP, to the European Parliament.[67]

Winston Churchill served as one of two MPs for Dundee from 1908 to 1922.

Geography edit

 
The Dundee Law

Dundee sits on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the eastern, North Sea Coast of Scotland. The city lies 36.1 miles (58 km) NNE of Edinburgh[68] and 360.6 miles (580 km) NNW of London.[68] The built-up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape 8.3 miles (13 km) long by 2.5 miles (4 km) wide, aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi).[69][70] The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill (elevation of 143 m) in the west end of the city, through the Dundee Law (174 m) which occupies the centre of the built up area, to Gallow Hill (83 m), between Baxter Park and the Eastern Cemetery. North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water burn, the elevation falling to around 45 m. North of the Dighty valley lie the Sidlaw Hills, the most prominent hill being Craigowl Hill (455 m).[69]

 
A cityscape from the Tay

The western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two burns that are tributaries of the River Tay. On the westernmost boundary of the city, the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn, forming the Invergowrie burn, which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin.[69] The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of Strathmartine and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city, joining the Tay between Barnhill and Monifieth.[69] The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east, both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city, have now been culverted over.

Geology edit

The city lies within the Sidlaw-Ochil anticline, and the predominant bedrock type is Old Red Sandstone of the Arbuthnott-Garvock group.[71] Differential weathering of a series of igneous intrusions has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape, most notably the Dundee Law (a late Silurian/early Devonian Mafic rock intrusion) and Balgay hill (a Felsic rock intrusion of similar age).[71] In the east of the city, in Craigie and Broughty Ferry, the bedrock geology is of extrusive rocks, including mafic lava and tuff.[71]

The land surrounding Dundee, particularly that in the lower lying areas to the west and east of the city, bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming. It is predominantly of a brown forest soil type with some gleying, the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas.[72]

Location edit

Urban environment edit

 
View from The Law, overlooking Dundee City Centre and the Tay Road Bridge

Very little of pre-Reformation Dundee remains, the destruction suffered in the War of the Rough Wooing being almost total, with only scattered, roofless shells remaining.[73] The area occupied by the medieval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port, which formerly held the gates to the walled city. The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation.[74] Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century. Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery, and areas around the Lochee Burn (Lochee), Scouring Burn (Blackness) and Dens Burn (Dens Road area) saw particular concentrations of mills.[75] The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway.[76]

Working-class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era, particularly in the Hawkhill, Blackness Road, Dens Road and Hilltown areas.[77] Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole, living standards for the working classes were very poor. A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in insanitary, squalid and cramped housing for much of the population.[78] While gradual improvements and slum clearance began in the late 19th century, the building of the groundbreaking Logie housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee's expansion through the building of planned housing estates, under the vision of city architect James Thomson, whose legacy also includes the housing estate of Craigiebank and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass.[79]

Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post-war period. The medieval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre, followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre.[80] The Tay Road Bridge, completed in 1966, had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee, and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river.[81] An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs, including the Fintry, Craigie, Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s.[82] These were followed by increasingly cost-effective and sometimes poorly planned housing throughout the 1960s.[83] Much of this, in particular the high-rise blocks of flats at Lochee, Kirkton, Trottick, Whitfield, Ardler and Menzieshill, and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield, has been demolished since the 1990s or is scheduled for future demolition.[84]

Climate edit

 
Haar (fog) travelling up the River Tay by advection

The climate, like the rest of lowland Scotland, is Oceanic (Köppen-Geiger classification Cfb).[85] Mean temperature and rainfall are typical for the east coast of Scotland, and with the city's sheltered estuarine position, mean daily maxima are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North, particularly in spring and summer.[86] The summers are still chilly when compared with similar latitudes in continental Europe, something compensated for by the mild winters, similar to the rest of the British Isles. The nearest official Met Office weather station is Mylnefield, Invergowrie which is about 4 miles (6.4 km) west of the City Centre.

A record high of 29.3 °C (84.7 °F) was recorded in July 2013.[citation needed] The warmest month was July 2006,[87] with an average temperature of 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) (average high 22.5 °C (72.5 °F), average low 12.3 °C (54.1 °F)). In an 'average' year the warmest day should reach[88] 25.2 °C (77.4 °F), and in total just 1.86 days[89] should equal or exceed a temperature of 25.0 °C (77.0 °F) per year, illustrating the rarity of such warmth.

On average, 4.73 days should record a minimum temperature at or below -5 °C and there are 53.26 days of air frost on average. From 1991 to 2020, Mylnefield averaged 0.9 ice days, 50 days with precipitation of more than 5mm and 19.56 days with more than 10mm. The weather station is in plant hardiness zone 10a.[89]

Climate data for Mylnefield, elevation 31m, 1991–2020, extremes 1960–2010, sunshine 1981-2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.6
(58.3) 		15.2
(59.4) 		21.6
(70.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		23.7
(74.7) 		27.8
(82.0) 		29.3
(84.7) 		28.7
(83.7) 		25.0
(77.0) 		22.8
(73.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		14.5
(58.1) 		29.3
(84.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.7
(44.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		9.6
(49.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		17.6
(63.7) 		19.5
(67.1) 		19.2
(66.6) 		17.1
(62.8) 		13.2
(55.8) 		9.6
(49.3) 		7.0
(44.6) 		12.9
(55.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.7
(33.3) 		0.9
(33.6) 		2.1
(35.8) 		4.0
(39.2) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.4
(48.9) 		11.1
(52.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		9.1
(48.4) 		6.5
(43.7) 		3.0
(37.4) 		0.7
(33.3) 		5.4
(41.7)
Record low °C (°F) −17.1
(1.2) 		−11.2
(11.8) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		2.8
(37.0) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−10.4
(13.3) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		−17.1
(1.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 76.1
(3.00) 		55.3
(2.18) 		50.1
(1.97) 		40.6
(1.60) 		51.6
(2.03) 		66.8
(2.63) 		75.1
(2.96) 		86.5
(3.41) 		47.3
(1.86) 		85.5
(3.37) 		73.7
(2.90) 		59.8
(2.35) 		768.4
(30.26)
Average rainy days 12.7 9.7 9.5 8.3 9.8 10.8 12.1 11.7 8.9 11.5 13.2 11.5 129.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 53.6 77.3 116.2 145.9 191.2 166.4 174.3 166.3 126.0 95.9 69.8 43.1 1,426.3
Source 1: KNMI/ Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute[90]
Source 2: Met Office,[91] Meteoclimat[89]

Demography edit

 
Population pyramid of Dundee in 2020
City of Dundee compared according to the 2011 UK census[92][93][94]
City of Dundee Scotland United Kingdom
Total population 147,268 5,295,403 63,182,000
Foreign born 9% 7% 12.7%
Over 75 years old 8.3% 7.7% 7.9%
Unemployed 5.7% 4.8% 7.4%

Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the 1971 census. According to the 2011 census, the City of Dundee had a population of 147,268.[92] A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 149,680 in 2020.[95] The demographic make-up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population (20%).[93] The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years, respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland.[93]

The place of birth of the town's residents was 94.16% United Kingdom (including 87.85% from Scotland), 0.42% Ireland, 1.33% from other European Union (EU) countries, and 3.09% from elsewhere in the world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 35.92% in full-time employment, 10.42% in part-time employment, 4.25% self-employed, 5.18% unemployed, 7.82% students with jobs, 4.73% students without jobs, 15.15% retired, 4.54% looking after home or family, 7.92% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.00% economically inactive for other reasons. Compared with the average demography of Scotland, Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75 years old.

Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their accent, which most noticeably substitutes the monophthong /ɛ/ (pronounced "eh") in place of the diphthong /aj/ (pronounced "ai").[96] Dundee, and Scotland more generally, saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, with the city's population increasing from 12,400 in 1751 to 30,500 in 1821.[37] Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid-19th century, attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries. In 1851, 18.9% of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth.[97]

The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, in the 19th century Jews, fleeing from the Russia controlled portions of partitioned Poland and from German occupation in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ethnic minority population, and has around 4,000 Asian residents which is the fourth-largest Asian community in Scotland. The city also has 1.0% of residents from a Black/African/Caribbean background.[98]

Dundee has a higher proportion of university students – one in seven of the population – than any other town in Europe, except Heidelberg.[99] The 14.2% come from all around the world to attend the local universities and colleges. Dundee is a major attraction for Northern Irish students who make up 5% of the total student population. The city's universities are believed to hold the highest percentage of Northern Irish students outside of Northern Ireland and have a big impact on the local economy and culture. However, this has declined in recent years due to the increase of tuition fees for students elsewhere in the UK. Dundee also has a lot of students from abroad, mostly from the Republic of Ireland and other EU countries but with an increasing number from countries from the Far East and Nigeria.[6]

Ethnicity edit

Ethnic Group 1981 estimations[100] 1991[101][102] 2001[103] 2011[103][104]
Number % Number % Number % Number %
White: Total 172,162 98.6% 162,630 98% 140,330 96.31% 138,460 94%
White: Scottish – – – – 128,507 88.22% 123,827 84.08%
White: Other British – – – – 7,822 5.36% 7,783 5.28%
White: Irish – – 1,167 0.7% 1,470 1% 1,369
White: Gypsy/Traveller[note 1] – – – – – – 98
White: Polish[note 1] – – – – – – 1,990
White: Other – – – – 2,531 1.73% 3,393
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Total – – 2,573 1.55% 4,094 2.81% 5,838 3.96%
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Indian – – 628 1,023 1,417
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Pakistani – – 1,157 0.69% 1,723 2,047
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Bangladeshi – – 119 233 310
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Chinese – – 398 699 1,274
Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British: Asian Other – – 271 416 790
Black, Black Scottish or Black British[note 2] – – 254 0.15% 35 – – –
African: Total – – – – 288 0.19% 1,170 0.79%
African: African, African Scottish or African British – – – – 288 0.19% 1,163
African: Other African – – – – – – 7
Caribbean or Black: Total – – - - 60 - 269 0.18%
Caribbean – – – – 60 167
Black – – – – – – 66
Caribbean or Black: Other – – – – – – 36
Mixed or multiple ethnic groups: Total – – – – 395 0.27% 685 0.46%
Other: Total – – 416 0.25% 461 0.31% 846 0.57%
Other: Arab[note 1] – – – – – – 693
Other: Any other ethnic group 416 0.25% 461 0.31% 153
Non-White: Total 2,475 1.4% 3,243 2% 5,333 3.6% 8,808 6%
Total: 174,637 100% 165,873 100% 145,663 100% 147,268 100%

Economy edit

 
Cox's Stack, a chimney from the former Camperdown Works jute mill. The chimney takes its name from jute baron James Cox who later became Provost of the city.

In 1911 40% of the city were employed in the jute industry. By 1951 this had dropped to 20%, and now is effectively zero.[105]

The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. NCR Corporation selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945,[106] primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the tenth anniversary of the plant the 250,000th cash register was produced.

By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing cash registers, and later ATMs, at several of its Dundee plants. The firm developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers.[107] Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold refrigerators and spin dryers was merged into Morphy Richards and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people. The development in Dundee of a Michelin tyre-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the Board of Trade on 30 April 1969.[108]

Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an Enterprise Zone in January 1984. In 1983, the first ZX Spectrum home computers were produced in Dundee by Timex. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a sit-in by workers protesting against job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six-month industrial dispute.[109] The Michelin Tyre factory closed in June 2020, with the loss of 850 jobs.[110]

Modern day edit

 
Ninewells Hospital, one of the largest employers in the Dundee area

Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with around 325,000 people within 30 minutes' drive of the city centre and 860,000 people within one hour.[111] Many people from North East Fife, Angus and Perth and Kinross commute to the city.[112] As of 2015, there were 395 employers who employed 250 or more staff; over a five-year period (2011–2015) the number of registered enterprises in Dundee increased by 20.9% from 2,655 to 3,210.[112] The largest employers in the city are NHS Tayside, Dundee City Council, University of Dundee, Tayside Contracts, Tesco, D. C. Thomson & Co and BT.[112]

Several government agencies and public sector organisations are based in Dundee, such as the Care Inspectorate (Scotland), the Scottish Social Services Council and Social Security Scotland.

Other employers include limited and private companies such as NCR, Michelin, Alliance Trust, Aviva, Royal Bank of Scotland, Asda, Stagecoach Strathtay, Tokheim, Scottish Citylink, Rochen Limited, C J Lang & Son (SPAR Scotland), Joinery and Timber Creations, Xplore Dundee, and W. L. Gore and Associates. Between 2009 and 2014 the hardest-hit sectors, in terms of jobs, were Information and Communication, Construction and Manufacturing which each lost around 500 full-time jobs. By contrast, the Professional, Scientific and Technical sector saw an upsurge in jobs in addition to the Business Administration and Support Service sector which increased by approximately 1,000 full-time and 300 part-time jobs in the same six-year period.[112] Gross median weekly earnings of full-time employees in Dundee in 2015 was £523.50; men received £563.40 and women £451.80.[112] Gross weekly pay for all employees in Dundee has increased from £325.00 in 2000 to £380.00 in 2015.[112]

The biomedical and biotechnology sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly. Information technology and video game development have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years.[113] Rockstar North, developer of Lemmings and the Grand Theft Auto series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by David Jones; an undergraduate of the Abertay University.[114] Rockstar Games returned to Dundee in 2020 when they acquired Ruffian Games to form Rockstar Dundee. Other game development studios in Dundee include Denki, Dynamo Games, 4J Studios and Outplay Entertainment, among others.

 
NCR Dundee

Dundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked fourth in Retail Rankings in Scotland.[115] The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers, department stores and independent/specialist stores. The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as Marks and Spencer, Accessorise.[115] The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres; the 420,000-square-foot (39,000-square-metre) Overgate Centre which is anchored by Primark, H&M, Next, Argos, and The Perfume Shop and the 310,000-square-foot (29,000-square-metre) Wellgate Centre by Home Bargains, T. J. Hughes, B&M, Superdrug, Iceland, Holland & Barrett, Poundland, Savers, The Works, Hydro Electric,[115] Other retail areas in the city include Gallagher Retail Park, Kingsway East Retail Park and Kingsway West Retail Park.[115] The new Myrekirk Retail Park opened in 2022.[116]

Landmarks edit

 
St Mary's Tower, oldest building in Dundee, dating to late 15th century

The city and its landscape are dominated by The Law and the Firth of Tay. The Law, a large hill to the north of the City Centre was the site of an Iron Age Hill Fort, upon which the Law War Memorial, designed by Thomas Braddock, was erected in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of World War I.[117] The waterfront, much altered by reclamation in the 19th century, retains several of the docks that once were the hub of the jute and whaling industries, including the Camperdown and Victoria Docks.[118] The Victoria Dock is the home of the frigate HMS Unicorn and the North Carr Lightship, while Captain Scott's RRS Discovery occupies Craig Pier, from where the ferries to Fife once sailed.

The oldest building in the city is St Mary's Tower, which dates from the late 15th century.[119] This forms part of the City Churches, which consist of St Clement's Church, dating to 1787–8 and built by Samuel Bell, Old St Paul's and St David's Church, built in 1841–42 by William Burn, and St Mary's Church, rebuilt in 1843–44, also by Burn, following a fire.[120] Other significant churches in the city include the Gothic Revival St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, built by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1853 on the former site of Dundee Castle in the High Street,[121] and the Catholic St. Andrew's Cathedral, built in 1835 by George Mathewson in Nethergate.[122]

As a result of the destruction suffered during the Rough Wooing, little of the mediaeval city (aside from St Mary's Tower) remains and the earliest surviving domestic structures date from the Early Modern Era. A notable example is the Wishart Arch (or East Port) in Cowgate. It is the last surviving portion of the city walls. Dating from prior to 1548, it owes its continued existence to its association with the Protestant martyr George Wishart, who is said to have preached to plague victims from the East Port in 1544.[123] Another is the building complex on the High Street known as Gardyne's Land, parts of which date from around 1560.[124] The Howff burial ground in the northern part of the City Centre also dates from this time; it was given to the city by Mary Queen of Scots in 1564, having previously served as the grounds of a Franciscan abbey.[125]

 
Claypotts Castle, dating from the late 16th century

Several castles can be found in Dundee, mostly from the Early Modern Era. The earliest parts of Mains Castle in Caird Park were built by David Graham in 1562 on the site of a hunting lodge of 1460.[126] Dudhope Castle, originally the seat of the Scrymgeour family, dates to the late 16th century and was built on the site of a keep of 1460.[127] Claypotts Castle, a striking Z plan castle in West Ferry, was built by John Strachan and dates from 1569 to 1588.[128] In 1495 Broughty Castle was built and remained in use as a major defensive structure until 1932, playing a role in the Anglo-Scottish Wars and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The castle stands on a shallow tip projecting into the Firth, alongside two beaches, one of sand, the other of pebbles. The ruins of Powrie Castle, north of Fintry, date from the 16th-century castle north.[clarification needed][129]

North of the City Churches, at the end of Reform Street, lies the High School of Dundee, built in 1829–34 by George Angus in a Greek Revival style.[130] Another school building of note is Morgan Academy on Forfar Road, built in 1863, designed by John Dick Peddie in a Dutch Gothic style.[131]

Dundee's industrial history as a centre for textile production is apparent throughout the city. Numerous former jute mills remain standing and while some lay derelict, many have been converted for other uses. Of particular note are the Tay Works, built by the Gilroy Brothers c. 1850–1865,[132] Camperdown Works in Lochee, which built and owned by Cox Brothers, one of Europe's largest jute manufacturing companies, and begun in 1849,[133][134] and Upper Dens Mill and Lower Dens Works, built by the Baxter Brothers in the mid-19th century.[135]

 
James Duncan Mitchell, died on the Lusitania in 1915, interred at Western Cemetery, Dundee

A more recent landmark is the 140-foot (43 m) Tower Building of the University of Dundee built between 1959 and 1961. At the time of its construction only the Old Steeple was taller in the city. The Tower was built to replace the original college buildings which stood on the site.[136][137] The building houses the university's main administration and includes galleries and the university's Archive, Records Management and Museum Services.[138]

Many 1960s landmark multi-storey housing buildings were demolished in the late 2000s. The former Tayside House block, nicknamed 'Faulty Towers' by many local people, was demolished in 2013 as part of the waterfront redevelopment program.[139] According to the architectural historian Charles McKean and his co-authors of Lost Dundee, the best views in the city were from Tayside House, because these were the only views from which the building itself could not be seen.[140]

Transport edit

Road edit

Dundee is served by the A90 road, which connects the city to the M90 and Perth in the west with Forfar and Aberdeen in the north. The part of the road that is in the city is a dual carriageway and forms the city's main bypass on its north side, known as the Kingsway. East of the A90's Forfar Road junction, the Kingsway East continues as the A972 and meets the A92 at the Scott Fyffe roundabout. Travelling east, the A92 connects the city to Arbroath and Montrose and to the south with Fife, via the Tay Road Bridge.

The A930 links the city with coastal settlements to the east, including Monifieth and Carnoustie. Progressing westward from where the A92 meets the Tay Road Bridge at the Riverside Roundabout, the A85 follows the southern boundary of the city along Riverside Drive and towards the A90 at the Swallow Roundabout. The A85 multiplexes with the A90 and diverges again at Perth.

Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the A991 Inner Ring Road, which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre, returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge. The A923 Dundee to Dunkeld road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout, and the A929 links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road.

Buses edit

 
Dundee bus station

Dundee has an extensive network of bus routes. The Seagate bus station is the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. Xplore Dundee operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by Stagecoach Strathtay and Moffat & Williamson.[141] The city's two railway stations are the main Dundee station, near the waterfront, which has now finished re-construction as part of the waterfront re-development programme and the much smaller Broughty Ferry station at the eastern end of the city.

There are also many inter-city bus services offered by Megabus, Citylink and National Express.

Rail edit

 
External view of the rebuilt entrance to Dundee railway station after its 2018 reopening

Passenger services at Dundee are provided by ScotRail, CrossCountry, Caledonian Sleeper and London North Eastern Railway. There are other nearby stations at Invergowrie, Balmossie and Monifieth.

No freight trains have served the city since the Freightliner terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.

Airport edit

Dundee Airport offers commercial flights to Heathrow Airport, Belfast City, Kirkwall Airport, and Sumburgh (Shetland) by Loganair. The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay.

 
Airport 2020

The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh Airport, 59.2 miles (95.3 km) to the south.

Seaport edit

The cargo port of Dundee is one of the largest economic generators in the city and is operated by Forth Ports. Seafarers arriving at the port are offered welfare and pastoral assistance by seafarers charity Apostleship of the Sea.

Education edit

Colleges and universities edit

 
The University of Dundee

Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 20,000.[142][143]

The University of Dundee became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the University of St Andrews. It was founded in 1881 by Mary Ann Baxter and her distant cousin John Boyd Baxter as University College, Dundee, and teaching began in 1883. It fully merged with the University of St Andrews in 1897 and was reorganised as Queen's College, Dundee in 1954.[144][145] Significant research in biomedical fields is carried out in the School of Life Sciences.[146] The university is also home to Dundee Law School,[147] situated in the Scrymgeour Building on the main campus and the School of Medicine, based at the city's Ninewells Hospital.[148] The university also incorporates the Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design and the teacher training college.

Abertay University was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. Previously, the buildings formed Bell Street Technical College, a further education college. It was granted university status in 1994 under the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in the fields of computer games technology and cyber-security.[149][150] Notable alumni include David Jones, founder of DMA Design (now known as Rockstar North), Sir Brian Souter, founder of Stagecoach, and Lord Iain McNicol, former General Secretary of the Labour Party.

Dundee College is the city's umbrella further education college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training. As of 2013, it merged with Angus College in Arbroath, to become Dundee and Angus College (D&A College).

The Al-Maktoum College of Higher Education was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2002. It is a research-led institution of higher education which are currently offering programmes accredited by SQA in the study of Islam and Muslims, Arabic language and Islamic Economics and Finance. It is an independent institution. It is named after its patron, Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum.[151]

Schools edit

See also: List of schools in Dundee
 
Morgan Academy Dundee

Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20,300. There are 37 primary state schools and 8 secondary state schools in the city. There are 11 primary and 2 secondary Roman Catholic denominational schools which, as in the rest of Scotland, are open to children of all denominations.[152] The remainder are non-denominational.[153] There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area.[154]

Dundee has one independent school, the High School of Dundee, which was founded in the 13th century by the Abbot and monks of Lindores Abbey.[155] The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832–34.[156] Notable students in the early modern period included Thomas Thomson, Hector Boece,[157] and the brothers James, John and Robert Wedderburn who were the authors of The Gude and Godlie Ballatis, used early in the Scottish Reformation as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology.[158] According to Blind Harry's largely apocryphal work The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace, William Wallace was also educated in Dundee.

Religious sites edit

Christian groups edit

 
Dundee Parish Church, St Mary's is one of three of the Dundee's City Churches which are joined; only two function as places of worship: St. Mary's and St. Clement's (the Old Steeple) which can be seen in the background.

The Church of Scotland Presbytery of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges.[159] Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's) and the Steeple Church, are the most prominent Church of Scotland buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of St Mary, of which only the 15th-century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland.[160]

Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to St Clement, has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.[161] Other presbyterian groups include the Free Church which meet at St. Peters (the historic church of Robert Murray M'Cheyne) where prominent theologians David Robertson and Sinclair B. Ferguson regularly preach.[162]

In the Middle Ages Dundee was also the site of houses of the Dominicans (Blackfriars), and Franciscans (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the Scottish Reformation, in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street (also referred to as the Dek-tarn street) and The Howff burial ground, respectively.[163]

St. Paul's Cathedral is the seat of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Brechin. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 9 congregations in the city, as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. Since 2018 the diocese has been led by Bishop Andrew Swift.[164] St. Andrew's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld, led by Bishop Stephen Robson. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area, including St Mary, Our Lady of Victories Church in the city.[165]

There are Methodist,[166] Baptist,[167] Congregationalist,[168] Pentecostal[169] and Salvation Army[170] churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the Unitarians,[171] the Society of Friends,[172] the Jehovah's Witnesses,[173] Seventh-day Adventists, Christadelphians,[174] and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[175]

Other religious communities edit

Muslims are served by the Dundee Central Mosque, built in 2000 to replace their former premises on the Hilltown.[176] There are three other mosques in the city including Jamia Masjid Tajdare Madina on Victoria Road, Jame Masjid Bilal on Dura Street and Al Maktoum Mosque on Wilkie's Lane. Alongside these there is an Islamic Society on the University of Dundee campus.[177]

The Sikh community is served by the Guru Nanak Gurdwara on Victoria Road, which serves its community in Dundee.[178]

A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century.[179] There is a small Orthodox synagogue at Dudhope Park[180] which was built in the 1960s,[181] with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (4.8 km) to the east.[182] Dundee Buddhist Group is a Buddhist Temple based in Reform Street.[183] There is also a Hindu mandir in Taylor's Lane, situated in the West End of the city.[184]

Culture edit

Dundee made a bid to be named the 2017 UK City of Culture, and on 19 June 2013 was named as one of the four short-listed cities alongside Hull, Leicester and Swansea Bay.[185] Ultimately, Dundee's bid was unsuccessful, with Hull winning the contest.[186] Dundee came in fifth place in a newspaper survey regarding numbers of cultural venues in the United Kingdom, ahead of other Scottish cities.[187][188]

In August 2021, Dundee made a joint bid with Perth and Kinross, Angus and Fife for the UK City of Culture again in 2025 under the title of 'Tay Cities'.[189]

Dundee also went to bid to become the European Capital of Culture in 2023 but due to the United Kingdom voting to leave the European Union in June 2016, Dundee's bid, along with those of other British cities submitting bids, was discontinued by the European Commission.[190][191]

Museums and galleries edit

 
The McManus Galleries in the city's Albert Square
 
"The Riders of the Sidhe" John Duncan 1911 McManus Galleries, Dundee

The city's main museum and art gallery, McManus Galleries, is in Albert Square.[192] The exhibits include work by James McIntosh Patrick, Alberto Morrocco and David McClure amongst the collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts.

Dundee Contemporary Arts (abbreviated DCA) opened in 1999 is an international art centre in the Nethergate close to Dundee Rep, which houses two contemporary art galleries, a two-screen arthouse cinema, a print studio, a visual research centre and a café bar.[193]

Britain's only full-time public observatory, Mills Observatory at the summit of the city's Balgay Hill, was given to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist John Mills in 1935.[194]

Sensation Science Centre in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses with a series of interactive shows and exhibits.[195] Verdant Works is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill.[196]

The University of Dundee also runs several public museums and galleries, including the D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum and the Tayside Medical History Museum. The university, through Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design also offers the Cooper Gallery for contemporary art, and its archives including: the abcD (artists' books collection Dundee); the REWIND Archive (video art collection); and the Richard Demarco Digital Archive.

The V&A Dundee Museum of Design opened in September 2018 and is built south of Craig Harbour onto the River Tay in a building designed by Kengo Kuma. It was officially opened by the Earl and Countess of Strathearn in 2019.[197] It is the centrepiece of the city's waterfront redevelopment. The new museum may bring another 500,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs.[198]

The city's archival records are mostly kept by two archives: Dundee City Archives, operated by Dundee City Council and the University of Dundee's Archive Services. Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former Tayside Regional Council.[199] The archive also holds the records of various people, groups and organisations connected to the city. The university's Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the university and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the university, such as D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson. Archive Services also holds the archives of several individuals, businesses and organisations based in Dundee and the surrounding area.[200] The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute and linen industry in Dundee; records of other businesses including the archives of the Alliance Trust and the department store G. L. Wilson; the records of the Brechin Diocese of the Scottish Episcopal Church; and the NHS Tayside Archive.[201][202] The same archive also holds the Michael Peto collection which includes thousands of the photojournalist's photographs, negatives, slides, publications and papers.[203]

Literature edit

Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include A. L. Kennedy, Rosamunde Pilcher, Kate Atkinson, Thomas Dick, Mary Shelley, Mick McCluskey, John Burnside and Neil Forsyth. The Dundee International Book Prize is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included: Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. William McGonagall, regularly cited as the "world's worst poet",[204] worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work The Tay Bridge Disaster.

Dundee's poetic heritage is represented by the 2013 poetry anthology Whaleback City edited by W. N. Herbert and Andy Jackson (Dundee University Press) containing poems by McGonagall, Don Paterson, Douglas Dunn, John Burnside and many others. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.[205]

Cinema edit

The Dundee Mountain Film Festival (DMFF), held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition.[206] DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film (IAMF)[207] among other important international mountain film festivals.

Dundee Contemporary Arts hosts an annual horror film festival called Dundead, which started in 2011.[208] It also hosts the Discovery Film Festival, an international film festival targeted for young audiences.[209]

The city also has two Multiplex cinemas, Odeon and Cineworld.

Theatre, drama, dance edit

Dundee is home to a full-time repertory ensemble, which originated in 1939. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor Brian Cox, is a native of the city.[210] The Dundee Repertory Theatre, built in 1982, is also the base for the Scottish Dance Theatre company.

The Whitehall Theatre opened in 1969.[211]

The Little Theatre at the foot of the Hilltown is home to and maintained by Dundee Dramatic Society.[212]

Music edit

Dundee's principal concert auditorium, the Caird Hall (named after its benefactor, the jute baron James Key Caird) in the City Square regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra.[213] Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual Jazz, Guitar and Blues Festivals.

Dundee has hosted the National Mod a number of times – 1902, 1913, 1937, 1959 and 1974.[214]

Dundee also hosted BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend back in 2006 and was due to host for a second time in 2020 but it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Dundee hosted the event again on 26th-28 May 2023 at Camperdown Park in the north-west of the city.[215]

Popular music groups such as the 1970s soul-funk outfit Average White Band, the Associates, the band Spare Snare, Danny Wilson, the Hazey Janes, and the Indie rock bands the View and the Law are from Dundee. Musician, songwriter and performer Michael Marra was born and raised in Dundee. Ricky Ross of Deacon Blue and singer-songwriter KT Tunstall are former pupils of the High School of Dundee, although Tunstall is not a native of the city.[216] The Northern Irish indie rock band Snow Patrol was formed by students at the University of Dundee.[217] Brian Molko, lead singer of Placebo, grew up in the city[218] as did Ian Cussick, singer of Lake. At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual blues festival known as the Dundee Blues Bonanza.[219]

Media edit

 
Dundee Headquarters of DC Thomson & Co.

Dundee is home to DC Thomson & Son Ltd, established in 1905, which produces over 200 million magazines, newspapers and comics every year; these include The Beano, The Dandy and The Press and Journal.[115]

Dundee is home to one of eleven BBC Scotland broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre.[220] STV North's Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an STV News Tayside opt-out bulletin is broadcast, (though not on Digital Satellite), within the nightly regional news programme, STV News at Six. The city also had a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009.

The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980.[221] The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching Tay FM for a younger audience and Tay 2 playing classic hits (now called Greatest Hits Radio Tayside & Fife). In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed Wave 102 following a claim by The Discovery Channel that the station could mistakenly be linked to its brand.

Sport and recreation edit

Football edit

 
Dens Park and Tannadice Park

Dundee has two professional football clubs: Dundee, founded in 1893, and Dundee United, founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian. Dundee FC currently play in the Scottish Premiership and Dundee United currently play in the Scottish Championship. Their grounds the ScotFoam Stadium and Tannadice Park are just 100 metres apart, closer together than any other football stadiums in the UK. The Dundee derby is one of the most highly anticipated fixtures in Scottish football.

Dundee is one of four British cities to have produced two European Cup semi-finalists. Dundee lost to A.C. Milan in 1963[222] and Dundee United lost to A.S. Roma in 1984.[223] Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in 1968 and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in 1987.[224] There are also seven junior football teams in the area: Dundee North End, East Craigie, Lochee Harp, Lochee United, Dundee Violet, Broughty Athletic and Downfield.[225]

Ice hockey edit

Dundee Stars, the main ice hockey team, play at the Dundee Ice Arena. The team joined the Elite League in the 2010/2011 season.[226] They are one of three professional ice hockey teams in Scotland, and play against teams from England, Wales and Northern Ireland in the Elite League. In the 2013/2014 season, Dundee Stars won the Gardiner Conference trophy, their only one to date. The majority of the players are from Canada and the United States. Marc LeFebvre is the current head coach and general manager of the Dundee Stars.[citation needed]

There are also two amateur ice hockey teams, Dundee Tigers and Dundee Comets, who both play in the Scottish National League.[227]

Rugby edit

The city is also home to six rugby union teams. Dundee High School Former Pupils play in Scottish National League Division One,[228] the second tier of Scottish club rugby. The remainder of the teams compete in the Caledonia Regional League – Harris Academy FP play in Caledonia Division One,[229] Morgan Academy FP and Panmure in Caledonia Division Two Midlands,[230] Dundee University Medics and Stobswell in Caledonia Division Three Midlands.[231]

Athletics edit

Liz McColgan and Eilish McColgan both hail from Dundee and have been members of the Dundee Hawkhill Harriers athletics club.

Other sports edit

Local sports clubs include Dundee Handball Club, Grove Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Wanderers Hockey Club, Dundee Volleyball Club,[232] Dundee Northern Lights Floorball Club, Dundee Hawkhill Harriers, Dundee City Aquatics, Dundee Hurricanes, Dundee Roller Derby and Dundee & Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub (DARCCK).

The Olympia Leisure Centre, opened in 2013, has a swimming pool.

There is a velodrome, Caird Park Velodrome.

Public services edit

 
Backwater Reservoir

Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by Scottish Water. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and Backwater reservoirs in Glen Isla.[233] Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc, part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group.

Waste management is handled by Dundee City Council. There is a kerbside recycling scheme that currently only serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis.[234] Compostable material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks.[235] Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.[236]

Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee.[237] Items accepted include steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages. Recent figures taken in 2008, suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36.1%.[238]

Law enforcement is provided by Police Scotland. The headquarters of the Dundee Branch of Police Scotland is situated in West Bell Street.[239] There are also four police stations which serve the city: Maryfield, Lochee, Downfield and Longhaugh.[239]

Healthcare is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside. Ninewells Hospital, is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area. Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the Scottish Ambulance Service which covers the city, Tayside and Kingdom of Fife.[240] There is one ambulance station for the city; on West School Road.[241]

The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service operate three fire stations, covering the city and surrounding villages. The main station is at Blackness Road and there is a control room at Macalpine Road fire station.

Sister cities edit

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Scotland

Chronologically:

Freedom of the City edit

The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Dundee.

Individuals edit

Military units edit

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c New category created for the 2011 census
  2. ^ Category restructured for the 2011 census

References edit

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Maps edit

  • Ordnance Survey, Great Britain (2007), "Dundee and Montrose, Forfar and Arbroath", Ordnance Survey Landranger Map (B2 ed.), ISBN 978-0-319-22980-4
  • "Sheet 5, Eastern Scotland", Soil Survey of Scotland, Aberdeen: Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, 1982
  • Bartholomew, John G. (1912), "Plan of Dundee", Bartholomew Survey Atlas of Scotland, Edinburgh: The Edinburgh Geographical Institute, retrieved 21 April 2011
  • Edward, Charles (1846), Plan of the town of Dundee, with the improvements now in progress, Edinburgh: W. & A.K. Johnston, retrieved 21 April 2011
  • Pont, Thomas (1583–1596), , nls.uk, archived from the original on 13 January 2011, retrieved 22 April 2011
  • Wood, John (1821), Plan of the Town of Dundee from actual survey, Edinburgh: Ballantyne, retrieved 21 April 2011

Listed building reports edit

  • "150 Nethergate, St Andrew's Roman Catholic Cathedral, Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, from the original on 28 May 2021, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "2 Lochee Road, Tay Works, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 4 February 1965, from the original on 28 May 2021, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "2 Princes Street, Upper Dens Mill, Category listing", Historic Scotland, 4 February 1965, from the original on 28 May 2021, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "27 West Henderson's Wynd and Return Elevation to Milne Street, Verdant Works, Category listing", Historic Scotland, 18 May 1987, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "70–73 (Inclusive Nos) High Street, Including Gardyne's Land, Gray's Close and Clock with Model of the Town House", Historic Scotland, 4 February 1965, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Caird Park Mains Castle, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Camperdown Dock, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 March 1993, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "Castle Hill, St Paul's Episcopal Cathedral, including steps and boundary wall, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "Claypotts Castle, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 8 May 1975, from the original on 28 May 2021, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Dudhope Castle, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • Historic Environment Scotland, "Wishart Arch, gateway 50m E of 15 Cowgate, Dundee (SM164)", retrieved 31 March 2019
  • "Euclid Crescent High School, including Lodge, Gatepiers, Boundary wall and railings, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Forfar Road, Morgan Academy, Main Block and Janitor's House with Terrace, Boundary Walls and Gatepiers, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Law Hill War Memorial, Category B listing", Historic Scotland, 12 March 1993, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "Meadowside and Barrack Street, The Howff, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Methven Street, Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 4 February 1965, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Nethergate, City Churches, Old St Paul's and St David's, or South Church, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "Nethergate, City Churches, St Clement's, or Steeple Church, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's East, or Dundee Parish Church, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "Nethergate, City Churches, St Mary's Tower or the Steeple, Category A Listing", Historic Scotland, 12 July 1963, retrieved 27 March 2012
  • "Powrie, Old Powrie Castle, Including Adjoining Boundary Wall", Historic Scotland, 11 June 1971, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street, Constable Street and St Roques Lane, Lower Dens Works, Category listing", Historic Scotland, 4 February 1965, retrieved 28 March 2012
  • "Victoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges, Category A listing", Historic Scotland, 2 February 1989, retrieved 27 March 2012

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  • Barrow, G.W.S. (1990), "Earl David's Burgh", in Kay, W. (ed.), The Dundee Book, Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing, pp. 19–32
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March 31, 2024
dundee, this, article, about, city, scotland, other, uses, disambiguation, scots, scottish, gaelic, dùn, dùn, dèagh, pronounced, ˈtʲeː, fourth, largest, city, scotland, year, population, estimate, 2016, giving, population, density, second, highest, scotland, l. This article is about the city in Scotland For other uses see Dundee disambiguation Dundee d ʌ n ˈ d iː Scots Dundee Scottish Gaelic Dun De or Dun Deagh pronounced t un ˈtʲeː is the fourth largest city in Scotland The mid year population estimate for 2016 was 148 210 giving Dundee a population density of 2 478 km2 or 6 420 sq mi the second highest in Scotland It lies within the eastern central Lowlands on the north bank of the Firth of Tay which feeds into the North Sea Under the name of Dundee City 10 it forms one of the 32 council areas used for local government in Scotland Within the boundaries of the historic county of Angus the city developed into a burgh in the late 12th century and established itself as an important east coast trading port 11 Rapid expansion was brought on by the Industrial Revolution particularly in the 19th century when Dundee was the centre of the global jute industry 12 This along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of jute jam and journalism Dundee Dun De Scottish Gaelic City and council areaDundee CitySkyline of Dundee from the SouthV amp A DundeeRRS DiscoveryTay BridgeMcManus GalleryFrom top left to right Tay Bridge across the Firth of Tay V amp A Dundee design museum Broughty Castle McManus Gallery RRS Discovery and Cox s Stack in Lochee FlagCoat of armsEtymology Scottish Gaelic Dun De Tay Fort 1 Nickname The City of Discovery DundeeLocation in ScotlandShow map of ScotlandDundeeDundee Europe Show map of EuropeCoordinates 56 27 43 N 2 58 15 W 56 462 N 2 9707 W 56 462 2 9707Sovereign stateUnited KingdomCountryScotlandCouncil AreaDundee CityLieutenancy AreaDundeeFoundedc 11th century ADBurgh charter1191 833 years ago 1191 City status26 January 1889 135 years ago 1889 01 26 Government BodyDundee City Council Lord ProvostBill Campbell Leader of Dundee City CouncilJohn Alexander 2 MSPs2 Joe FitzPatrick SNP Shona Robison SNP MPs2 Stewart Hosie SNP Chris Law SNP Area 3 Locality18 0 sq mi 46 5 km2 Urban Settlement 4 19 4 sq mi 50 2 km2 Council area 5 23 1 sq mi 59 8 km2 Elevation 6 59 ft 18 m Population mid 2020 est 7 2021 8 Locality148 210 Rank4th Scotland Density8 300 sq mi 3 200 km2 Urban Settlement 158 820 Urban density8 200 sq mi 3 200 km2 Metro 2020 9 264 890 Council area147 720 Council area density6 400 sq mi 2 470 km2 Language s EnglishScotsDemonymDundonianTime zoneUTC 0 GMT Summer DST UTC 1 BST Postcode AreasDD1 5Area code01382ISO 3166 2GB DNDONS CodeS12000042OS Grid ReferenceNO4030NUTS 3UKM21Primary airportDundee AirportWebsitewww wbr dundeecity wbr gov wbr ukToday Dundee is promoted as One City Many Discoveries in honour of Dundee s history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery Robert Falcon Scott s Antarctic exploration vessel which was built in Dundee and is now berthed at Discovery Point Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s and the city now accounts for 10 of the United Kingdom s digital entertainment industry including mobile app development and gaming Dundee has two universities the University of Dundee and Abertay University In 2014 Dundee was recognised by the United Nations as the UK s first UNESCO City of Design for its diverse contributions to fields including medical research comics and video games 13 14 15 With the decline of traditional industry the city has adopted a plan to regenerate and reinvent itself as a cultural centre 16 In pursuit of this a 1 billion master plan to regenerate and to reconnect the Waterfront to the city centre started in 2001 and is expected to be completed within a 30 year period The V amp A Dundee the first branch of the V amp A to operate outside of London is the main centre piece of the waterfront project 17 18 A unique feature of Dundee is that its two professional football clubs Dundee F C and Dundee United F C have stadiums all but adjacent to each other 19 In recent years Dundee s international profile has risen GQ magazine named Dundee the Coolest Little City in Britain in 2015 and The Wall Street Journal ranked Dundee at number 5 on its Worldwide Hot Destinations list for 2018 20 Contents 1 History 2 Governance 2 1 Local government 2 2 Westminster and Holyrood 3 Geography 3 1 Geology 3 2 Location 3 3 Urban environment 3 4 Climate 4 Demography 4 1 Ethnicity 5 Economy 5 1 Modern day 6 Landmarks 7 Transport 7 1 Road 7 2 Buses 7 3 Rail 7 4 Airport 7 5 Seaport 8 Education 8 1 Colleges and universities 8 2 Schools 9 Religious sites 9 1 Christian groups 9 2 Other religious communities 10 Culture 10 1 Museums and galleries 10 2 Literature 10 3 Cinema 10 4 Theatre drama dance 10 5 Music 10 6 Media 11 Sport and recreation 11 1 Football 11 2 Ice hockey 11 3 Rugby 11 4 Athletics 11 5 Other sports 12 Public services 13 Sister cities 14 Freedom of the City 14 1 Individuals 14 2 Military units 15 See also 16 Notes 17 References 17 1 News 17 2 Websites 17 3 Maps 17 4 Listed building reports 17 5 Bibliography 18 External linksHistory editMain article History of Dundee The name Dundee is made up of two parts the common Celtic place name element dun meaning fort and a second part that may derive from a Celtic element cognate with the Gaelic de meaning fire 21 nbsp Dundee in 1693 by John SlezerWhile earlier evidence for human occupation is abundant 22 Dundee s success and growth as a seaport town arguably came as a result of William the Lion s charter granting Dundee to his younger brother David later Earl of Huntingdon in the late 12th century 23 The situation of the town and its promotion by Earl David as a trading centre led to a period of prosperity and growth 24 The earldom was passed down to David s descendants amongst whom was John Balliol The town became a Royal Burgh on John s coronation as king in 1292 25 The town and its castle were occupied by English forces for several years during the First War of Independence and recaptured by Robert the Bruce in early 1312 26 The original Burghal charters were lost during the occupation and subsequently renewed by Bruce in 1327 27 The burgh suffered considerably during the conflict known as the Rough Wooing of 1543 to 1550 and was occupied by the English forces of Andrew Dudley from 1547 In 1548 unable to defend the town against an advancing Scottish force Dudley ordered that the town be burnt to the ground 28 In 1645 during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms Dundee was again besieged this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose 29 The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces led by George Monck in 1651 30 The town played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Jacobite cause when John Graham of Claverhouse 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on the Dundee Law in 1689 31 The town was held by the Jacobites in the 1715 16 rising and on 6 January 1716 the Jacobite claimant to the throne James VIII and III the Old Pretender made a public entry into the town Many in Scotland including many in Dundee regarded him as the rightful king 32 A notable resident of Dundee was Adam Duncan 1st Viscount Duncan of Camperdown Baron of Lundie 1 July 1731 to 4 August 1804 He was born in Dundee on 1 July 1731 the son of Alexander Duncan of Lundie Provost of Dundee Adam was educated in Dundee and later joined the Royal Navy on board the sloop Trial He rose to be admiral and in October 1797 defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown north of Haarlem This was seen as one of the most significant actions in naval history 33 The economy of medieval Dundee centred on the export of raw wool with the production of finished textiles being a reaction to recession in the 15th century 34 Two government Acts in the mid 18th century had a profound effect on Dundee s industrial success the textile industry was revolutionised by the introduction of large four storey mills stimulated in part by the 1742 Bounty Act which provided a government funded subsidy on Osnaburg linen produced for export 35 Expansion of the whaling industry was triggered by the second Bounty Act introduced in 1750 to increase Britain s maritime and naval skill base 36 Dundee and Scotland more generally saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century with the city s population increasing from 12 400 in 1751 to 30 500 in 1821 37 The phasing out of the linen export bounty between 1825 and 1832 stimulated demand for cheaper textiles particularly for cheaper tough fabrics 38 The discovery that the dry fibres of jute could be lubricated with whale oil of which Dundee had a surfeit following the opening of its gasworks to allow it to be processed in mechanised mills resulted in the Dundee mills rapidly converting from linen to jute which sold at a quarter of the price of flax 39 Interruption of Prussian flax imports during the Crimean War and of cotton during the American Civil War resulted in a period of inflated prosperity for Dundee and the jute industry dominated Dundee throughout the latter half of the 19th century 40 Unprecedented immigration notably of Irish workers led to accelerated urban expansion and at the height of the industry s success Dundee supported 62 jute mills employing some 50 000 workers 41 Cox Brothers who owned the massive Camperdown Works in Lochee were one of the largest jute manufacturers in Europe and employed more than 5 000 workers 42 The rise of the textile industries brought with it an expansion of supporting industries notably of the whaling maritime and shipbuilding industries 43 and extensive development of the waterfront area started in 1815 to cope with increased demand for port capacity 44 At its height 200 ships per year were built there including Robert Falcon Scott s Antarctic research vessel the RRS Discovery This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city 45 A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee largely existing to supply the jute mills with whale oil Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981 46 nbsp The original Tay Bridge from the south the day after the disaster The collapsed section can be seen near the northern end While the city s economy was dominated by the jute industry it also became known for smaller industries Most notable among these were James Keiller s and Sons established in 1795 which pioneered commercial marmalade production 47 and the publishing firm DC Thomson which was founded in the city in 1905 Dundee was said to be built on the three Js Jute Jam and Journalism The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history the Tay Bridge disaster The first Tay Rail Bridge was opened in 1878 It collapsed some 18 months later during a storm as a passenger train passed over it resulting in the loss of 75 lives 48 The most destructive fire in the city s history came in 1906 reportedly sending rivers of burning whisky through the street The jute industry fell into decline in the early 20th century partly due to reduced demand for jute products and partly due to an inability to compete with the emerging industry in Calcutta 49 This gave rise to unemployment levels far in excess of the national average peaking in the inter war period 50 but major recovery was seen in the post war period thanks to the arrival first of American light engineering companies like Timex and NCR and subsequent expansion into microelectronics 51 A 1 billion master plan to regenerate Dundee Waterfront is expected to last for a 30 year period between 2001 and 2031 52 The aims of the project are to reconnect the city centre to the waterfront to improve facilities for walking cyclists and buses to replace the existing inner ring road with a pair of east west tree lined boulevards and to provide a new civic square and a regenerated railway station and arrival space at the western edge A new Victoria and Albert Museum opened on 15 September 2018 Governance editMain article Politics of Dundee nbsp Coat of arms of the city of DundeeDundee was granted Royal Burgh status on the coronation of John Balliol as King of Scotland in 1292 25 The city has two mottos Latin Dei Donum Gift of God and Prudentia et Candore With Thought and Purity although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes 53 Prior to 1996 Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council This was formed in 1975 implementing boundaries imposed in the Local Government Scotland Act 1973 Under these boundaries the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth and the Perth electoral division of Longforgan which included Invergowrie were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee In 1996 the Dundee City unitary authority was created following implementation of the Local Government etc Scotland Act 1994 54 This placed Monifieth and Invergowrie in the unitary authorities of Angus and Perth and Kinross largely reinstating the pre 1975 county boundaries Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie 55 On 18 September 2014 Dundee was one of four council areas to vote Yes in the Scottish independence referendum with 57 3 voting Yes on a 78 8 turnout With the highest Yes vote for any local authority in Scotland some in the Yes Scotland campaign nicknamed Dundee the Yes City including former First Minister Alex Salmond 56 57 Local government edit nbsp Dundee City Chambers where the city council meetsDundee is one of 32 council areas of Scotland 54 and is represented by the Dundee City Council a local council composed of 29 elected councillors Previously the city was a county of a city and later a district of the Tayside region Council meetings take place in the City Chambers which opened in 1933 in City Square The civic head and chair of the council is known as the Lord Provost a position similar to that of mayor in other cities The political head of the council is known as the Leader of the council or Leader of the Administration The Leader chairs the Policy amp Resources Committee Dundee House the new headquarters for the city council on North Lindsay Street opened in August 2011 58 This has replaced Tayside House which was demolished in 2013 as part of the Dundee Waterfront improvements 58 59 Elections to the council are normally on a four year cycle The most recent election took place on 5 May 2022 Since 2007 the Local Governance Scotland Act 2004 has meant that there are eight multi member wards which elect three or four councillors by single transferable vote to produce a form of proportional representation 60 The 2012 elections gave the SNP overall control of the council with 16 seats However the 2017 contest saw the SNP lose their majority although they remained the largest party with 14 councillors 61 Scotland s longest serving councillor Ian Borthwick sits on the council Westminster and Holyrood edit For elections to the British House of Commons at Westminster the city area and portions of the Angus council area are divided in two constituencies 62 The constituencies of Dundee East and Dundee West are represented by Stewart Hosie Scottish National Party 63 and Chris Law Scottish National Party respectively both of whom were re elected at the 2019 General Election For elections to the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood the city area is divided between three constituencies The Dundee City East constituency and the Dundee City West constituency are entirely within the city area The Angus South Holyrood constituency includes north eastern and north western portions of the city area 62 All three constituencies are within the North East Scotland electoral region Shona Robison SNP is the Member of the Scottish Parliament MSP for the Dundee East constituency 64 Joe Fitzpatrick SNP is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency 65 and Graeme Dey SNP is the current MSP for the Angus South constituency 66 Dundee was also part of the pan Scotland European Parliament constituency until 31 January 2020 when the U K left the EU Seven Members of the European Parliament MEP s were elected using the d Hondt method of party list proportional representation 67 In the last European Election Scotland voted it returned three SNP MEPs one Liberal Democrat MEP one Conservative and Unionist MEP and one Brexit Party MEP to the European Parliament 67 Winston Churchill served as one of two MPs for Dundee from 1908 to 1922 Geography edit nbsp The Dundee LawDundee sits on the north bank of the Firth of Tay on the eastern North Sea Coast of Scotland The city lies 36 1 miles 58 km NNE of Edinburgh 68 and 360 6 miles 580 km NNW of London 68 The built up area occupies a roughly rectangular shape 8 3 miles 13 km long by 2 5 miles 4 km wide aligned in an east to west direction and occupies an area of 60 square kilometres 23 sq mi 69 70 The town is bisected by a line of hills stretching from Balgay Hill elevation of 143 m in the west end of the city through the Dundee Law 174 m which occupies the centre of the built up area to Gallow Hill 83 m between Baxter Park and the Eastern Cemetery North of this ridge lies a valley through which cuts the Dighty Water burn the elevation falling to around 45 m North of the Dighty valley lie the Sidlaw Hills the most prominent hill being Craigowl Hill 455 m 69 nbsp A cityscape from the TayThe western and eastern boundaries of the city are marked by two burns that are tributaries of the River Tay On the westernmost boundary of the city the Lochee burn meets the Fowlis burn forming the Invergowrie burn which meets the Tay at Invergowrie basin 69 The Dighty Water enters Dundee from the village of Strathmartine and marks the boundaries of a number of northern districts of the city joining the Tay between Barnhill and Monifieth 69 The Scouring burn in the west end of the city and Dens Burn in the east both of which played important roles in the industrial development of the city have now been culverted over Geology edit The city lies within the Sidlaw Ochil anticline and the predominant bedrock type is Old Red Sandstone of the Arbuthnott Garvock group 71 Differential weathering of a series of igneous intrusions has yielded a number of prominent hills in the landscape most notably the Dundee Law a late Silurian early Devonian Mafic rock intrusion and Balgay hill a Felsic rock intrusion of similar age 71 In the east of the city in Craigie and Broughty Ferry the bedrock geology is of extrusive rocks including mafic lava and tuff 71 The land surrounding Dundee particularly that in the lower lying areas to the west and east of the city bears high quality soil that is particularly suitable for arable farming It is predominantly of a brown forest soil type with some gleying the lower parts being formed from raised beach sands and gravels derived from Old Red Sandstone and lavas 72 Location edit Urban environment edit nbsp View from The Law overlooking Dundee City Centre and the Tay Road BridgeVery little of pre Reformation Dundee remains the destruction suffered in the War of the Rough Wooing being almost total with only scattered roofless shells remaining 73 The area occupied by the medieval burgh of Dundee extends between East Port and West Port which formerly held the gates to the walled city The shoreline has been altered considerably since the early 19th century through development of the harbour area and land reclamation 74 Several areas on the periphery of the burgh saw industrial development with the building of textile mills from the end of the 18th century Their placement was dictated by the need for a water supply for the modern steam powered machinery and areas around the Lochee Burn Lochee Scouring Burn Blackness and Dens Burn Dens Road area saw particular concentrations of mills 75 The post war period saw expansion of industry to estates along the Kingsway 76 Working class housing spread rapidly and without control throughout the Victorian era particularly in the Hawkhill Blackness Road Dens Road and Hilltown areas 77 Despite the comparative wealth of Victorian Dundee as a whole living standards for the working classes were very poor A general lack of town planning coupled with the influx of labour during the expansion of the jute industry resulted in insanitary squalid and cramped housing for much of the population 78 While gradual improvements and slum clearance began in the late 19th century the building of the groundbreaking Logie housing estate marked the beginning of Dundee s expansion through the building of planned housing estates under the vision of city architect James Thomson whose legacy also includes the housing estate of Craigiebank and the beginnings of an improved transport infrastructure by planning the Kingsway bypass 79 Modernisation of the city centre continued in the post war period The medieval Overgate was demolished in the early 1960s to make way for a shopping centre followed by construction of the inner ring road and the Wellgate Shopping Centre 80 The Tay Road Bridge completed in 1966 had as its northern landfall the docklands of central Dundee and the new associated road system resulted in the city centre being cut off from the river 81 An acute shortage of housing in the late 1940s was addressed by a series of large housing estates built in the northern environs including the Fintry Craigie Charleston and Douglas areas in the 1950s and early 1960s 82 These were followed by increasingly cost effective and sometimes poorly planned housing throughout the 1960s 83 Much of this in particular the high rise blocks of flats at Lochee Kirkton Trottick Whitfield Ardler and Menzieshill and the prefabricated Skarne housing blocks at Whitfield has been demolished since the 1990s or is scheduled for future demolition 84 Climate edit nbsp Haar fog travelling up the River Tay by advectionThe climate like the rest of lowland Scotland is Oceanic Koppen Geiger classification Cfb 85 Mean temperature and rainfall are typical for the east coast of Scotland and with the city s sheltered estuarine position mean daily maxima are slightly higher than coastal areas to the North particularly in spring and summer 86 The summers are still chilly when compared with similar latitudes in continental Europe something compensated for by the mild winters similar to the rest of the British Isles The nearest official Met Office weather station is Mylnefield Invergowrie which is about 4 miles 6 4 km west of the City Centre A record high of 29 3 C 84 7 F was recorded in July 2013 citation needed The warmest month was July 2006 87 with an average temperature of 17 4 C 63 3 F average high 22 5 C 72 5 F average low 12 3 C 54 1 F In an average year the warmest day should reach 88 25 2 C 77 4 F and in total just 1 86 days 89 should equal or exceed a temperature of 25 0 C 77 0 F per year illustrating the rarity of such warmth On average 4 73 days should record a minimum temperature at or below 5 C and there are 53 26 days of air frost on average From 1991 to 2020 Mylnefield averaged 0 9 ice days 50 days with precipitation of more than 5mm and 19 56 days with more than 10mm The weather station is in plant hardiness zone 10a 89 Climate data for Mylnefield elevation 31m 1991 2020 extremes 1960 2010 sunshine 1981 2010Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 14 6 58 3 15 2 59 4 21 6 70 9 22 9 73 2 23 7 74 7 27 8 82 0 29 3 84 7 28 7 83 7 25 0 77 0 22 8 73 0 16 7 62 1 14 5 58 1 29 3 84 7 Mean daily maximum C F 6 7 44 1 7 4 45 3 9 6 49 3 12 4 54 3 15 4 59 7 17 6 63 7 19 5 67 1 19 2 66 6 17 1 62 8 13 2 55 8 9 6 49 3 7 0 44 6 12 9 55 2 Mean daily minimum C F 0 7 33 3 0 9 33 6 2 1 35 8 4 0 39 2 6 5 43 7 9 4 48 9 11 1 52 0 10 8 51 4 9 1 48 4 6 5 43 7 3 0 37 4 0 7 33 3 5 4 41 7 Record low C F 17 1 1 2 11 2 11 8 10 0 14 0 4 4 24 1 2 3 27 9 0 7 30 7 2 8 37 0 1 7 35 1 0 6 30 9 3 4 25 9 10 4 13 3 12 7 9 1 17 1 1 2 Average precipitation mm inches 76 1 3 00 55 3 2 18 50 1 1 97 40 6 1 60 51 6 2 03 66 8 2 63 75 1 2 96 86 5 3 41 47 3 1 86 85 5 3 37 73 7 2 90 59 8 2 35 768 4 30 26 Average rainy days 12 7 9 7 9 5 8 3 9 8 10 8 12 1 11 7 8 9 11 5 13 2 11 5 129 7Mean monthly sunshine hours 53 6 77 3 116 2 145 9 191 2 166 4 174 3 166 3 126 0 95 9 69 8 43 1 1 426 3Source 1 KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute 90 Source 2 Met Office 91 Meteoclimat 89 Demography edit nbsp Population pyramid of Dundee in 2020City of Dundee compared according to the 2011 UK census 92 93 94 City of Dundee Scotland United KingdomTotal population 147 268 5 295 403 63 182 000Foreign born 9 7 12 7 Over 75 years old 8 3 7 7 7 9 Unemployed 5 7 4 8 7 4 Dundee s recorded population reached a peak of 182 204 at the 1971 census According to the 2011 census the City of Dundee had a population of 147 268 92 A more recent population estimate of the City of Dundee has been recorded at 149 680 in 2020 95 The demographic make up of the population is much in line with the rest of Scotland The age group from 30 to 44 forms the largest portion of the population 20 93 The median age of males and females living in Dundee was 37 and 40 years respectively compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland 93 The place of birth of the town s residents was 94 16 United Kingdom including 87 85 from Scotland 0 42 Ireland 1 33 from other European Union EU countries and 3 09 from elsewhere in the world The economic activity of residents aged 16 74 was 35 92 in full time employment 10 42 in part time employment 4 25 self employed 5 18 unemployed 7 82 students with jobs 4 73 students without jobs 15 15 retired 4 54 looking after home or family 7 92 permanently sick or disabled and 4 00 economically inactive for other reasons Compared with the average demography of Scotland Dundee has both low proportions of people born outside the United Kingdom and for people over 75 years old Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their accent which most noticeably substitutes the monophthong ɛ pronounced eh in place of the diphthong aj pronounced ai 96 Dundee and Scotland more generally saw rapid population increase at end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century with the city s population increasing from 12 400 in 1751 to 30 500 in 1821 37 Of particular significance was an influx of Irish workers in the early to mid 19th century attracted by the prospect of employment in the textiles industries In 1851 18 9 of people living in Dundee were of Irish birth 97 The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy fleeing poverty and famine in the 19th century Jews fleeing from the Russia controlled portions of partitioned Poland and from German occupation in the 20th Today Dundee has a sizeable ethnic minority population and has around 4 000 Asian residents which is the fourth largest Asian community in Scotland The city also has 1 0 of residents from a Black African Caribbean background 98 Dundee has a higher proportion of university students one in seven of the population than any other town in Europe except Heidelberg 99 The 14 2 come from all around the world to attend the local universities and colleges Dundee is a major attraction for Northern Irish students who make up 5 of the total student population The city s universities are believed to hold the highest percentage of Northern Irish students outside of Northern Ireland and have a big impact on the local economy and culture However this has declined in recent years due to the increase of tuition fees for students elsewhere in the UK Dundee also has a lot of students from abroad mostly from the Republic of Ireland and other EU countries but with an increasing number from countries from the Far East and Nigeria 6 Ethnicity edit Ethnic Group 1981 estimations 100 1991 101 102 2001 103 2011 103 104 Number Number Number Number White Total 172 162 98 6 162 630 98 140 330 96 31 138 460 94 White Scottish 128 507 88 22 123 827 84 08 White Other British 7 822 5 36 7 783 5 28 White Irish 1 167 0 7 1 470 1 1 369White Gypsy Traveller note 1 98White Polish note 1 1 990White Other 2 531 1 73 3 393Asian Asian Scottish or Asian British Total 2 573 1 55 4 094 2 81 5 838 3 96 Asian Asian Scottish or Asian British Indian 628 1 023 1 417Asian Asian Scottish or Asian British Pakistani 1 157 0 69 1 723 2 047Asian Asian Scottish or Asian British Bangladeshi 119 233 310Asian Asian Scottish or Asian British Chinese 398 699 1 274Asian Asian Scottish or Asian British Asian Other 271 416 790Black Black Scottish or Black British note 2 254 0 15 35 African Total 288 0 19 1 170 0 79 African African African Scottish or African British 288 0 19 1 163African Other African 7Caribbean or Black Total 60 269 0 18 Caribbean 60 167Black 66Caribbean or Black Other 36Mixed or multiple ethnic groups Total 395 0 27 685 0 46 Other Total 416 0 25 461 0 31 846 0 57 Other Arab note 1 693Other Any other ethnic group 416 0 25 461 0 31 153Non White Total 2 475 1 4 3 243 2 5 333 3 6 8 808 6 Total 174 637 100 165 873 100 145 663 100 147 268 100 Economy edit nbsp Cox s Stack a chimney from the former Camperdown Works jute mill The chimney takes its name from jute baron James Cox who later became Provost of the city In 1911 40 of the city were employed in the jute industry By 1951 this had dropped to 20 and now is effectively zero 105 The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city s economy While jute still employed one fifth of the working population new industries were attracted and encouraged NCR Corporation selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945 106 primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947 A fortnight after the tenth anniversary of the plant the 250 000th cash register was produced By the 1960s NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing cash registers and later ATMs at several of its Dundee plants The firm developed magnetic strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers 107 Astral a Dundee based firm that manufactured and sold refrigerators and spin dryers was merged into Morphy Richards and rapidly expanded to employ over 1 000 people The development in Dundee of a Michelin tyre production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the Board of Trade on 30 April 1969 108 Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10 000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions Dundee was declared an Enterprise Zone in January 1984 In 1983 the first ZX Spectrum home computers were produced in Dundee by Timex In the same year the company broke production records despite a sit in by workers protesting against job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six month industrial dispute 109 The Michelin Tyre factory closed in June 2020 with the loss of 850 jobs 110 Modern day edit nbsp Ninewells Hospital one of the largest employers in the Dundee areaDundee is a regional employment and education centre with around 325 000 people within 30 minutes drive of the city centre and 860 000 people within one hour 111 Many people from North East Fife Angus and Perth and Kinross commute to the city 112 As of 2015 there were 395 employers who employed 250 or more staff over a five year period 2011 2015 the number of registered enterprises in Dundee increased by 20 9 from 2 655 to 3 210 112 The largest employers in the city are NHS Tayside Dundee City Council University of Dundee Tayside Contracts Tesco D C Thomson amp Co and BT 112 Several government agencies and public sector organisations are based in Dundee such as the Care Inspectorate Scotland the Scottish Social Services Council and Social Security Scotland Other employers include limited and private companies such as NCR Michelin Alliance Trust Aviva Royal Bank of Scotland Asda Stagecoach Strathtay Tokheim Scottish Citylink Rochen Limited C J Lang amp Son SPAR Scotland Joinery and Timber Creations Xplore Dundee and W L Gore and Associates Between 2009 and 2014 the hardest hit sectors in terms of jobs were Information and Communication Construction and Manufacturing which each lost around 500 full time jobs By contrast the Professional Scientific and Technical sector saw an upsurge in jobs in addition to the Business Administration and Support Service sector which increased by approximately 1 000 full time and 300 part time jobs in the same six year period 112 Gross median weekly earnings of full time employees in Dundee in 2015 was 523 50 men received 563 40 and women 451 80 112 Gross weekly pay for all employees in Dundee has increased from 325 00 in 2000 to 380 00 in 2015 112 The biomedical and biotechnology sectors including start up biomedical companies arising from university research employ just under 1 000 people directly and nearly 2 000 indirectly Information technology and video game development have been important industries in the city for more than 20 years 113 Rockstar North developer of Lemmings and the Grand Theft Auto series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by David Jones an undergraduate of the Abertay University 114 Rockstar Games returned to Dundee in 2020 when they acquired Ruffian Games to form Rockstar Dundee Other game development studios in Dundee include Denki Dynamo Games 4J Studios and Outplay Entertainment among others nbsp NCR DundeeDundee is also a key retail destination for North East Scotland and has been ranked fourth in Retail Rankings in Scotland 115 The city centre offers a wide variety of retailers department stores and independent specialist stores The Murraygate and High Street forms the main pedestrian area and is home to a number of main anchors such as Marks and Spencer Accessorise 115 The main pedestrian area also connects the two large shopping centres the 420 000 square foot 39 000 square metre Overgate Centre which is anchored by Primark H amp M Next Argos and The Perfume Shop and the 310 000 square foot 29 000 square metre Wellgate Centre by Home Bargains T J Hughes B amp M Superdrug Iceland Holland amp Barrett Poundland Savers The Works Hydro Electric 115 Other retail areas in the city include Gallagher Retail Park Kingsway East Retail Park and Kingsway West Retail Park 115 The new Myrekirk Retail Park opened in 2022 116 Landmarks edit nbsp St Mary s Tower oldest building in Dundee dating to late 15th centuryThe city and its landscape are dominated by The Law and the Firth of Tay The Law a large hill to the north of the City Centre was the site of an Iron Age Hill Fort upon which the Law War Memorial designed by Thomas Braddock was erected in 1921 to commemorate the fallen of World War I 117 The waterfront much altered by reclamation in the 19th century retains several of the docks that once were the hub of the jute and whaling industries including the Camperdown and Victoria Docks 118 The Victoria Dock is the home of the frigate HMS Unicorn and the North Carr Lightship while Captain Scott s RRS Discovery occupies Craig Pier from where the ferries to Fife once sailed The oldest building in the city is St Mary s Tower which dates from the late 15th century 119 This forms part of the City Churches which consist of St Clement s Church dating to 1787 8 and built by Samuel Bell Old St Paul s and St David s Church built in 1841 42 by William Burn and St Mary s Church rebuilt in 1843 44 also by Burn following a fire 120 Other significant churches in the city include the Gothic Revival St Paul s Episcopal Cathedral built by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1853 on the former site of Dundee Castle in the High Street 121 and the Catholic St Andrew s Cathedral built in 1835 by George Mathewson in Nethergate 122 As a result of the destruction suffered during the Rough Wooing little of the mediaeval city aside from St Mary s Tower remains and the earliest surviving domestic structures date from the Early Modern Era A notable example is the Wishart Arch or East Port in Cowgate It is the last surviving portion of the city walls Dating from prior to 1548 it owes its continued existence to its association with the Protestant martyr George Wishart who is said to have preached to plague victims from the East Port in 1544 123 Another is the building complex on the High Street known as Gardyne s Land parts of which date from around 1560 124 The Howff burial ground in the northern part of the City Centre also dates from this time it was given to the city by Mary Queen of Scots in 1564 having previously served as the grounds of a Franciscan abbey 125 nbsp Claypotts Castle dating from the late 16th centurySeveral castles can be found in Dundee mostly from the Early Modern Era The earliest parts of Mains Castle in Caird Park were built by David Graham in 1562 on the site of a hunting lodge of 1460 126 Dudhope Castle originally the seat of the Scrymgeour family dates to the late 16th century and was built on the site of a keep of 1460 127 Claypotts Castle a striking Z plan castle in West Ferry was built by John Strachan and dates from 1569 to 1588 128 In 1495 Broughty Castle was built and remained in use as a major defensive structure until 1932 playing a role in the Anglo Scottish Wars and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms The castle stands on a shallow tip projecting into the Firth alongside two beaches one of sand the other of pebbles The ruins of Powrie Castle north of Fintry date from the 16th century castle north clarification needed 129 North of the City Churches at the end of Reform Street lies the High School of Dundee built in 1829 34 by George Angus in a Greek Revival style 130 Another school building of note is Morgan Academy on Forfar Road built in 1863 designed by John Dick Peddie in a Dutch Gothic style 131 Dundee s industrial history as a centre for textile production is apparent throughout the city Numerous former jute mills remain standing and while some lay derelict many have been converted for other uses Of particular note are the Tay Works built by the Gilroy Brothers c 1850 1865 132 Camperdown Works in Lochee which built and owned by Cox Brothers one of Europe s largest jute manufacturing companies and begun in 1849 133 134 and Upper Dens Mill and Lower Dens Works built by the Baxter Brothers in the mid 19th century 135 nbsp James Duncan Mitchell died on the Lusitania in 1915 interred at Western Cemetery DundeeA more recent landmark is the 140 foot 43 m Tower Building of the University of Dundee built between 1959 and 1961 At the time of its construction only the Old Steeple was taller in the city The Tower was built to replace the original college buildings which stood on the site 136 137 The building houses the university s main administration and includes galleries and the university s Archive Records Management and Museum Services 138 Many 1960s landmark multi storey housing buildings were demolished in the late 2000s The former Tayside House block nicknamed Faulty Towers by many local people was demolished in 2013 as part of the waterfront redevelopment program 139 According to the architectural historian Charles McKean and his co authors of Lost Dundee the best views in the city were from Tayside House because these were the only views from which the building itself could not be seen 140 Transport editRoad edit Dundee is served by the A90 road which connects the city to the M90 and Perth in the west with Forfar and Aberdeen in the north The part of the road that is in the city is a dual carriageway and forms the city s main bypass on its north side known as the Kingsway East of the A90 s Forfar Road junction the Kingsway East continues as the A972 and meets the A92 at the Scott Fyffe roundabout Travelling east the A92 connects the city to Arbroath and Montrose and to the south with Fife via the Tay Road Bridge The A930 links the city with coastal settlements to the east including Monifieth and Carnoustie Progressing westward from where the A92 meets the Tay Road Bridge at the Riverside Roundabout the A85 follows the southern boundary of the city along Riverside Drive and towards the A90 at the Swallow Roundabout The A85 multiplexes with the A90 and diverges again at Perth Also meeting the A92 and A85 at the Riverside Roundabout is the A991 Inner Ring Road which surrounds the perimeter of the city centre returning to the A92 on the east side of the Tay Road Bridge The A923 Dundee to Dunkeld road meets the A991 at the Dudhope Roundabout and the A929 links the A991 to the A90 via Forfar Road Buses edit nbsp Dundee bus stationDundee has an extensive network of bus routes The Seagate bus station is the city s main terminus for journeys out of town Xplore Dundee operates most of the intra city services with other more rural services operated by Stagecoach Strathtay and Moffat amp Williamson 141 The city s two railway stations are the main Dundee station near the waterfront which has now finished re construction as part of the waterfront re development programme and the much smaller Broughty Ferry station at the eastern end of the city There are also many inter city bus services offered by Megabus Citylink and National Express Rail edit nbsp External view of the rebuilt entrance to Dundee railway station after its 2018 reopeningPassenger services at Dundee are provided by ScotRail CrossCountry Caledonian Sleeper and London North Eastern Railway There are other nearby stations at Invergowrie Balmossie and Monifieth No freight trains have served the city since the Freightliner terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s Airport edit Dundee Airport offers commercial flights to Heathrow Airport Belfast City Kirkwall Airport and Sumburgh Shetland by Loganair The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3 kilometres 1 9 mi west of the city centre adjacent to the River Tay nbsp Airport 2020The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh Airport 59 2 miles 95 3 km to the south Seaport edit The cargo port of Dundee is one of the largest economic generators in the city and is operated by Forth Ports Seafarers arriving at the port are offered welfare and pastoral assistance by seafarers charity Apostleship of the Sea Education editColleges and universities edit nbsp The University of DundeeDundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 20 000 142 143 The University of Dundee became an independent entity in 1967 after 70 years of being incorporated into the University of St Andrews It was founded in 1881 by Mary Ann Baxter and her distant cousin John Boyd Baxter as University College Dundee and teaching began in 1883 It fully merged with the University of St Andrews in 1897 and was reorganised as Queen s College Dundee in 1954 144 145 Significant research in biomedical fields is carried out in the School of Life Sciences 146 The university is also home to Dundee Law School 147 situated in the Scrymgeour Building on the main campus and the School of Medicine based at the city s Ninewells Hospital 148 The university also incorporates the Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design and the teacher training college Abertay University was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888 Previously the buildings formed Bell Street Technical College a further education college It was granted university status in 1994 under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses particularly in the fields of computer games technology and cyber security 149 150 Notable alumni include David Jones founder of DMA Design now known as Rockstar North Sir Brian Souter founder of Stagecoach and Lord Iain McNicol former General Secretary of the Labour Party Dundee College is the city s umbrella further education college which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training As of 2013 it merged with Angus College in Arbroath to become Dundee and Angus College D amp A College The Al Maktoum College of Higher Education was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2002 It is a research led institution of higher education which are currently offering programmes accredited by SQA in the study of Islam and Muslims Arabic language and Islamic Economics and Finance It is an independent institution It is named after its patron Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum 151 Schools edit See also List of schools in Dundee nbsp Morgan Academy DundeeSchools in Dundee have a pupil enrolment of over 20 300 There are 37 primary state schools and 8 secondary state schools in the city There are 11 primary and 2 secondary Roman Catholic denominational schools which as in the rest of Scotland are open to children of all denominations 152 The remainder are non denominational 153 There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and 18 from Dundee and the surrounding area 154 Dundee has one independent school the High School of Dundee which was founded in the 13th century by the Abbot and monks of Lindores Abbey 155 The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832 34 156 Notable students in the early modern period included Thomas Thomson Hector Boece 157 and the brothers James John and Robert Wedderburn who were the authors of The Gude and Godlie Ballatis used early in the Scottish Reformation as a vehicle to spread Protestant theology 158 According to Blind Harry s largely apocryphal work The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace William Wallace was also educated in Dundee Religious sites editChristian groups edit nbsp Dundee Parish Church St Mary s is one of three of the Dundee s City Churches which are joined only two function as places of worship St Mary s and St Clement s the Old Steeple which can be seen in the background The Church of Scotland Presbytery of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area although changing population patterns have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges 159 Due to their city centre location the City Churches Dundee Parish Church St Mary s and the Steeple Church are the most prominent Church of Scotland buildings in Dundee They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of St Mary of which only the 15th century west tower survives The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland 160 Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks the second dedicated to St Clement has disappeared but its site was approximately that of the present City Square 161 Other presbyterian groups include the Free Church which meet at St Peters the historic church of Robert Murray M Cheyne where prominent theologians David Robertson and Sinclair B Ferguson regularly preach 162 In the Middle Ages Dundee was also the site of houses of the Dominicans Blackfriars and Franciscans Greyfriars and had a number of hospitals and chapels These establishments were sacked during the Scottish Reformation in the mid 16th century and were reduced to burial grounds now Barrack Street also referred to as the Dek tarn street and The Howff burial ground respectively 163 St Paul s Cathedral is the seat of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Brechin It is charged with overseeing the worship of 9 congregations in the city as well as a further 17 in Angus the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire Since 2018 the diocese has been led by Bishop Andrew Swift 164 St Andrew s Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld led by Bishop Stephen Robson The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area including St Mary Our Lady of Victories Church in the city 165 There are Methodist 166 Baptist 167 Congregationalist 168 Pentecostal 169 and Salvation Army 170 churches in the city and non mainstream Christian groups are also well represented including the Unitarians 171 the Society of Friends 172 the Jehovah s Witnesses 173 Seventh day Adventists Christadelphians 174 and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints 175 Other religious communities edit Muslims are served by the Dundee Central Mosque built in 2000 to replace their former premises on the Hilltown 176 There are three other mosques in the city including Jamia Masjid Tajdare Madina on Victoria Road Jame Masjid Bilal on Dura Street and Al Maktoum Mosque on Wilkie s Lane Alongside these there is an Islamic Society on the University of Dundee campus 177 The Sikh community is served by the Guru Nanak Gurdwara on Victoria Road which serves its community in Dundee 178 A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the early 19th century 179 There is a small Orthodox synagogue at Dudhope Park 180 which was built in the 1960s 181 with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles 4 8 km to the east 182 Dundee Buddhist Group is a Buddhist Temple based in Reform Street 183 There is also a Hindu mandir in Taylor s Lane situated in the West End of the city 184 Culture editDundee made a bid to be named the 2017 UK City of Culture and on 19 June 2013 was named as one of the four short listed cities alongside Hull Leicester and Swansea Bay 185 Ultimately Dundee s bid was unsuccessful with Hull winning the contest 186 Dundee came in fifth place in a newspaper survey regarding numbers of cultural venues in the United Kingdom ahead of other Scottish cities 187 188 In August 2021 Dundee made a joint bid with Perth and Kinross Angus and Fife for the UK City of Culture again in 2025 under the title of Tay Cities 189 Dundee also went to bid to become the European Capital of Culture in 2023 but due to the United Kingdom voting to leave the European Union in June 2016 Dundee s bid along with those of other British cities submitting bids was discontinued by the European Commission 190 191 Museums and galleries edit nbsp The McManus Galleries in the city s Albert Square nbsp The Riders of the Sidhe John Duncan 1911 McManus Galleries DundeeThe city s main museum and art gallery McManus Galleries is in Albert Square 192 The exhibits include work by James McIntosh Patrick Alberto Morrocco and David McClure amongst the collection of fine and decorative art items from Dundee s history and natural history artefacts Dundee Contemporary Arts abbreviated DCA opened in 1999 is an international art centre in the Nethergate close to Dundee Rep which houses two contemporary art galleries a two screen arthouse cinema a print studio a visual research centre and a cafe bar 193 Britain s only full time public observatory Mills Observatory at the summit of the city s Balgay Hill was given to the city by linen manufacturer and keen amateur scientist John Mills in 1935 194 Sensation Science Centre in the Greenmarket is a science centre based on the five senses with a series of interactive shows and exhibits 195 Verdant Works is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill 196 The University of Dundee also runs several public museums and galleries including the D Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum and the Tayside Medical History Museum The university through Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design also offers the Cooper Gallery for contemporary art and its archives including the abcD artists books collection Dundee the REWIND Archive video art collection and the Richard Demarco Digital Archive The V amp A Dundee Museum of Design opened in September 2018 and is built south of Craig Harbour onto the River Tay in a building designed by Kengo Kuma It was officially opened by the Earl and Countess of Strathearn in 2019 197 It is the centrepiece of the city s waterfront redevelopment The new museum may bring another 500 000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs 198 The city s archival records are mostly kept by two archives Dundee City Archives operated by Dundee City Council and the University of Dundee s Archive Services Dundee City Archives holds the official records of the city and of the former Tayside Regional Council 199 The archive also holds the records of various people groups and organisations connected to the city The university s Archive Services hold a wide range of material relating to the university and its predecessor institutions and to individuals associated with the university such as D Arcy Wentworth Thompson Archive Services also holds the archives of several individuals businesses and organisations based in Dundee and the surrounding area 200 The records held include a substantial number of business archives relating to the jute and linen industry in Dundee records of other businesses including the archives of the Alliance Trust and the department store G L Wilson the records of the Brechin Diocese of the Scottish Episcopal Church and the NHS Tayside Archive 201 202 The same archive also holds the Michael Peto collection which includes thousands of the photojournalist s photographs negatives slides publications and papers 203 Literature edit Dundee has a strong literary heritage with several authors having been born lived or studied in the city These include A L Kennedy Rosamunde Pilcher Kate Atkinson Thomas Dick Mary Shelley Mick McCluskey John Burnside and Neil Forsyth The Dundee International Book Prize is a biennial competition open to new authors offering a prize of 10 000 and publication by Polygon Books Past winners have included Andrew Murray Scott Claire Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald William McGonagall regularly cited as the world s worst poet 204 worked and wrote in the city often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars Many of his poems are about the city and events therein such as his work The Tay Bridge Disaster Dundee s poetic heritage is represented by the 2013 poetry anthology Whaleback City edited by W N Herbert and Andy Jackson Dundee University Press containing poems by McGonagall Don Paterson Douglas Dunn John Burnside and many others City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city 205 Cinema edit The Dundee Mountain Film Festival DMFF held in the last weekend of November presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering mountain culture and adventure sport along with an art and trade exhibition 206 DMFF is also one of the members of International Alliance for Mountain Film IAMF 207 among other important international mountain film festivals Dundee Contemporary Arts hosts an annual horror film festival called Dundead which started in 2011 208 It also hosts the Discovery Film Festival an international film festival targeted for young audiences 209 The city also has two Multiplex cinemas Odeon and Cineworld Theatre drama dance edit Dundee is home to a full time repertory ensemble which originated in 1939 One of its alumni Hollywood actor Brian Cox is a native of the city 210 The Dundee Repertory Theatre built in 1982 is also the base for the Scottish Dance Theatre company The Whitehall Theatre opened in 1969 211 The Little Theatre at the foot of the Hilltown is home to and maintained by Dundee Dramatic Society 212 Music edit Dundee s principal concert auditorium the Caird Hall named after its benefactor the jute baron James Key Caird in the City Square regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra 213 Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee s annual Jazz Guitar and Blues Festivals Dundee has hosted the National Mod a number of times 1902 1913 1937 1959 and 1974 214 Dundee also hosted BBC Radio 1 s Big Weekend back in 2006 and was due to host for a second time in 2020 but it was cancelled due to the COVID 19 pandemic Dundee hosted the event again on 26th 28 May 2023 at Camperdown Park in the north west of the city 215 Popular music groups such as the 1970s soul funk outfit Average White Band the Associates the band Spare Snare Danny Wilson the Hazey Janes and the Indie rock bands the View and the Law are from Dundee Musician songwriter and performer Michael Marra was born and raised in Dundee Ricky Ross of Deacon Blue and singer songwriter KT Tunstall are former pupils of the High School of Dundee although Tunstall is not a native of the city 216 The Northern Irish indie rock band Snow Patrol was formed by students at the University of Dundee 217 Brian Molko lead singer of Placebo grew up in the city 218 as did Ian Cussick singer of Lake At the end of June Dundee hosts an annual blues festival known as the Dundee Blues Bonanza 219 Media edit nbsp Dundee Headquarters of DC Thomson amp Co Dundee is home to DC Thomson amp Son Ltd established in 1905 which produces over 200 million magazines newspapers and comics every year these include The Beano The Dandy and The Press and Journal 115 Dundee is home to one of eleven BBC Scotland broadcasting centres located within the Nethergate Centre 220 STV North s Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city from where an STV News Tayside opt out bulletin is broadcast though not on Digital Satellite within the nightly regional news programme STV News at Six The city also had a community internet TV station called The Dundee Channel which was launched on 1 September 2009 The city has three local radio stations Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980 221 The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching Tay FM for a younger audience and Tay 2 playing classic hits now called Greatest Hits Radio Tayside amp Fife In 1999 Discovery 102 was launched later to be renamed Wave 102 following a claim by The Discovery Channel that the station could mistakenly be linked to its brand Sport and recreation editFootball edit nbsp Dens Park and Tannadice ParkDundee has two professional football clubs Dundee founded in 1893 and Dundee United founded in 1909 as Dundee Hibernian Dundee FC currently play in the Scottish Premiership and Dundee United currently play in the Scottish Championship Their grounds the ScotFoam Stadium and Tannadice Park are just 100 metres apart closer together than any other football stadiums in the UK The Dundee derby is one of the most highly anticipated fixtures in Scottish football Dundee is one of four British cities to have produced two European Cup semi finalists Dundee lost to A C Milan in 1963 222 and Dundee United lost to A S Roma in 1984 223 Dundee also reached the semi finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in 1968 and Dundee United were runners up in the UEFA Cup in 1987 224 There are also seven junior football teams in the area Dundee North End East Craigie Lochee Harp Lochee United Dundee Violet Broughty Athletic and Downfield 225 Ice hockey edit Dundee Stars the main ice hockey team play at the Dundee Ice Arena The team joined the Elite League in the 2010 2011 season 226 They are one of three professional ice hockey teams in Scotland and play against teams from England Wales and Northern Ireland in the Elite League In the 2013 2014 season Dundee Stars won the Gardiner Conference trophy their only one to date The majority of the players are from Canada and the United States Marc LeFebvre is the current head coach and general manager of the Dundee Stars citation needed There are also two amateur ice hockey teams Dundee Tigers and Dundee Comets who both play in the Scottish National League 227 Rugby edit The city is also home to six rugby union teams Dundee High School Former Pupils play in Scottish National League Division One 228 the second tier of Scottish club rugby The remainder of the teams compete in the Caledonia Regional League Harris Academy FP play in Caledonia Division One 229 Morgan Academy FP and Panmure in Caledonia Division Two Midlands 230 Dundee University Medics and Stobswell in Caledonia Division Three Midlands 231 Athletics edit Liz McColgan and Eilish McColgan both hail from Dundee and have been members of the Dundee Hawkhill Harriers athletics club Other sports edit Local sports clubs include Dundee Handball Club Grove Menzieshill Hockey Club Dundee Wanderers Hockey Club Dundee Volleyball Club 232 Dundee Northern Lights Floorball Club Dundee Hawkhill Harriers Dundee City Aquatics Dundee Hurricanes Dundee Roller Derby and Dundee amp Angus Radio Controlled Car Klub DARCCK The Olympia Leisure Centre opened in 2013 has a swimming pool There is a velodrome Caird Park Velodrome Public services edit nbsp Backwater ReservoirDundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by Scottish Water Dundee along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and Backwater reservoirs in Glen Isla 233 Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group Waste management is handled by Dundee City Council There is a kerbside recycling scheme that currently only serves 15 500 households in Dundee Cans glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis 234 Compostable material and non recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks 235 Paper is collected for recycling on a four weekly basis 236 Recycling centres and points are at a number of locations in Dundee 237 Items accepted include steel and aluminium cans cardboard paper electrical equipment engine oil fridges and freezers garden waste gas bottles glass liquid food and drinks cartons plastic bottles plastic carrier bags rubble scrap metal shoes and handbags spectacles textiles tin foil wood and yellow pages Recent figures taken in 2008 suggest the city council has a recycling rate of 36 1 238 Law enforcement is provided by Police Scotland The headquarters of the Dundee Branch of Police Scotland is situated in West Bell Street 239 There are also four police stations which serve the city Maryfield Lochee Downfield and Longhaugh 239 Healthcare is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside Ninewells Hospital is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area Dundee is also served by the East Central Region of the Scottish Ambulance Service which covers the city Tayside and Kingdom of Fife 240 There is one ambulance station for the city on West School Road 241 The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service operate three fire stations covering the city and surrounding villages The main station is at Blackness Road and there is a control room at Macalpine Road fire station Sister cities editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Scotland Chronologically nbsp Orleans France 1946 242 nbsp Zadar Croatia 1959 243 nbsp Alexandria United States 1962 244 nbsp Wurzburg Germany 1962 243 nbsp Nablus Palestine 1980 243 nbsp Dubai United Arab Emirates 2004 245 nbsp West Dundee United States 2013 246 Freedom of the City editThe following people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Dundee This list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items November 2021 Individuals edit Sir John Leng 1902 Whitelaw Reid 1906 H H Asquith October 1912 Emma Grace Marryat 1918 Thomas Johnston 1947 Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 1954 Maurice McManus 1981 Nelson Mandela 9 October 1993 247 Ramsay MacDonald Stanley Baldwin Rev William Macmillan James McLeanMilitary units edit The Black Watch Royal Highland Regiment 1954 248 See also editBrittle Bone Society a UK charity established in 1968 in Dundee Dundee Museum of Transport History of Dundee Notable Dundonians and people associated with Dundee Alexander C Lamb and references to the Lamb Collection which is held in the City Museum and the Local History Centre of Dundee Central LibraryNotes edit a b c New category created for the 2011 census Category restructured for the 2011 censusReferences edit Gaelic Place Names of Scotland 2011 Archived from the original on 17 August 2016 Retrieved 7 July 2016 VIDEO New council leader reveals the Dundee team he supports in Tele Q amp A n d Archived from the original on 19 June 2018 Retrieved 4 June 2017 via eveningtelegraph co uk City Population United Kingdom Major Cities in Scotland Retrieved 31 August 2023 City Population United Kingdom Urban Areas in Scotland Retrieved 31 August 2023 Mid 2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland National Records of Scotland 31 March 2022 Retrieved 31 March 2022 a b Population Matters Mid 2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland National Records of Scotland 31 March 2022 Retrieved 31 March 2022 Mid Year Population Estimates UK June 2021 Office for National Statistics 21 December 2022 Retrieved 18 October 2023 Population on 1 January by age groups and sex functional urban areas Eurostat Archived from the original on 20 December 2020 Retrieved 2 January 2020 Dundee City Ordnance Survey Archived from the original on 27 July 2020 Retrieved 24 July 2020 Dundee s Maritime History Archived from the original on 7 August 2017 Retrieved 10 February 2017 Dundee Jute and Empire Archived from the original on 11 February 2017 Retrieved 10 February 2017 Dundee awarded UK s first Unesco City of Design status BBC News December 2014 Archived from the original on 10 October 2018 Retrieved 21 June 2018 Dundee wins City of Design status from UNESCO The Courier December 2014 Archived from the original on 3 December 2014 Retrieved 1 December 2014 Dundee the UK s first Unesco City of Design The Scotsman Archived from the original on 1 December 2014 Dundee Creative Cities PDF Archived PDF from the original on 5 November 2018 Retrieved 10 February 2017 Urquhart Frank 13 August 2013 V amp A Museum at Dundee could see 2016 opening The Scotsman Archived from the original on 15 July 2014 Retrieved 6 July 2014 Victoria and Albert Dundee Archived from the original on 2 February 2018 Retrieved 1 February 2018 Dens Park Dundee Football Club Archived from the original on 15 July 2016 Retrieved 7 November 2015 Dundee named worldwide hot destination by Wall Street Journal BBC News 26 October 2017 Archived from the original on 13 March 2018 Retrieved 21 June 2018 Watson 1926 p 220 Dundee is also recorded as Dun Tay e g Pont 1583 1596 The earliest evidence for human occupation of the area dates from the Mesolithic Mathewson 1879 RCAHMS Canmore database Dundee Stannergate Barrow 2003 p 266 Barrow 1990 pp 20 21 Turnock 1982 p 23 Mackie 1836 pp 23 24 a b Barrow 1990 p 24 Barrow 1965 pp 272 374 Mackie 1836 pp 30 32 207 208 McKean 2009 pp 9 10 Merriman 2000 pp 263 292 304 360 361 Lythe 1958 pp 27 28 Reid 1990 pp 97 99 Cowan 1995 pp 195 198 Cullen Whatley amp Young 2009 pp 61 63 Mackie 1836 pp 32 38 Lythe 1958 pp 28 30 Cullen Whatley amp Young 2009 pp 63 64 Lenman 1980 p 30 Patrick 2009 pp 85 88 J Baynes The Jacobite Rising of 1715 1970 p 166 Laughton John Knox 1888 Duncan Adam In Stephen Leslie Dictionary of National Biography 16 London Smith Elder amp Co pp 159 161 Whatley Swinfen amp Smith 1993 pp 28 30 McKean Swan amp Archibald 2009 p 274 Whatley 1992 p 23 Checkland amp Checkland 1989 p 45 Durie 1979 pp 27 52 146 147 McKean Swan amp Archibald 2009 p 275 a b Smout 1998 pp 240 248 Durie 1979 p 169 Turnock 1982 pp 60 122 Watson 1990 p 14 Watson 2004 p 94 Lenman Lythe amp Gauldie 1969 pp 23 24 Stewart 1998 p 1 Checkland amp Checkland 1989 p 48 Swift amp Gilley 1989 pp 117 118 Dundee Heritage Trust 1998 pp 1 3 MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd Jute Spinners and Manufacturers and Cox Family Papers Archive Services Online Catalogue University of Dundee Archived from the original on 6 February 2016 Retrieved 5 February 2016 Jackson amp Kinnear 1990 pp 16 22 McCarthy 2007 p 80 Kenefick 2000 pp 38 50 Huntford 1986 p 47 Hunting the Whale The Whale Ships Mathew 1998 p 12 Lewis 2004 p 69 Roul 2009 p 103 Stewart 1998 pp 16 17 Stewart 2011 p 37 Whatley 1990 p 45 Devine Lee amp Peden 2005 p 166 Devine Lee amp Peden 2005 p 169 Cortada 1993 p 237 Knox amp McKinlay 2011 p 266 McKean 2011 p 100 Dundee Waterfront Brochure Dundee Central Waterfront Masterplan 2001 2031 Chronicle of The City s Office Bearers Chambers Regalia Castles amp Twin Cities the apocryphal toponym Dei Donum was applied by Hector Boece in the sixteenth century Ferguson 1998 pp 60 61 a b Local Government etc Scotland Act 1994 Councils plot revolt over re draw plan 2005 Scotland Decides BBC Archived from the original on 9 June 2018 Retrieved 21 June 2018 Scottish Independence The Scotsman Archived from the original on 31 December 2015 Retrieved 19 December 2018 a b Dundee House Bye bye Tayside House Muncher completes its work The Courier 12 July 2013 Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 6 July 2014 Local Governance Scotland Act 2004 Lord Dave Council elections SNP lose majority in Dundee The Courier D C Thomson Co Ltd Archived from the original on 8 May 2017 Retrieved 5 May 2017 a b Fifth Periodical Review of Constituencies Stewart Hosie MP for Dundee East Shona Robison MSP for Dundee East Joe Fitzpatrick MSP for Dundee West Graeme Dey MSP for Angus South a b List of MEPs in Scotland a b UK Postcode to Postcode Calculator a b c d Ordnance Survey Landranger Map 2007 Population density Scotland by unitary authority a b c Bluck 2000 p 422 GeoIndex Onshore Soil Survey of Scotland 1982 Merriman 2000 pp 360 361 McCarthy 2007 p 80 The progress of waterfront development can be seen in the maps of Wood 1821 Edward 1846 and Bartholomew 1912 Lenman Lythe amp Gauldie 1969 p 9 Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992 p 25 Watson 1990 p 8 Walker 1968 p 296 Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992 p 26 McKean 2011 pp 72 76 Logie Conservation Area Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992 pp 51 52 McKean 2011 p 81 McKean 1990 p 73 McKean 2011 p 85 McKean 1990 p 73 McKean 2011 p 93 Walker 1968 p 296 Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland 1992 p 55 Walker 1968 p 296 McKean 1990 p 73 Scott 2002 pp 73 76 103 106 Glendinning 1997 pp 25 56 Tenants gone soon multi too Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week Four Dundee Hilltown multi storey blocks to come down Fate of Whitfield s Skarne blocks to be decided Peel Finlayson amp McMahon 2007 Regional mapped climate averages Jul 2006 Mean 1971 2000 average warmest day a b c Climate Data dead link Climate Normals and extremes KNMI Archived from the original on 13 May 2012 Retrieved 22 March 2011 Dundee climate information Met Office Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 Retrieved 5 August 2015 a b Scotland s Census www scotlandscensus gov uk Retrieved 6 June 2021 a b c Comparative Population Dundee Comparative Employment Dundee Dundee City Council Area Profile www nrscotland gov uk Retrieved 9 October 2022 McCluskey 1991 Dundee Scots Swift amp Gilley 1989 p 117 Little Tipperary The Irish in Lochee Figure 4 Minority ethnic groups by council area Scotland 2011 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 22 October 2014 Retrieved 30 August 2014 History of Dundee Lonely Planet Archived from the original on 5 December 2014 Retrieved 28 November 2014 Equality Commission for Racial 1985 Ethnic minorities in Britain statistical information on the pattern of settlement Commission for Racial Equality Table 2 2 As UK Census data post 2001 is unavailable through the ONS website it has been recommended to use archival census collection websites to obtain data Data is taken from United Kingdom Casweb Data services of the United Kingdom 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for Scotland Table 6 Office of Population Censuses and Surveys General Register Office for Scotland Registrar General for Northern Ireland 1997 1991 Census aggregate data UK Data Service Edition 1997 DOI http dx doi org 10 5257 census aggregate 1991 1 This information is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence a b Census Dissemination Unit Mimas 5 May 2011 InFuse infuse2011gf ukdataservice ac uk Retrieved 24 June 2022 Scotland s Census 2011 Table KS201SC scotlandscensus gov uk Retrieved 3 November 2015 The Dundee Book Billy Kay NCR Cash Advance First Dundee computer next year General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade 1969 Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant Scott 2002 pp 163 165 Michelin s Dundee factory closes gates for final time BBC News 30 June 2020 Archived from the original on 2 October 2020 Retrieved 5 October 2020 Dundee Economic Profile Sep 2016 PDF Government of the United Kingdom Archived from the original PDF on 1 November 2016 Retrieved 31 October 2016 a b c d e f Dundee Economic Profile How Dundee became a computer games centre BBC News 9 September 2014 Archived from the original on 28 September 2018 Retrieved 21 June 2018 The Complete History of DMA Design a b c d e Discover Dundee Retail Dundee retail park launches after 6m expansion 22 September 2022 Law Hill War Memorial Category B listing Camperdown Dock Category A listingVictoria Dock with Pedestrian and Vehicular Swing Bridges Category A listing Nethergate City Churches St Mary s Tower or the Steeple Category A ListingMcKean amp Walker 1985 pp 52 54 Nethergate City Churches St Clement s or Steeple Church Category A ListingNethergate City Churches Old St Paul s and St David s or South Church Category A ListingNethergate City Churches St Mary s East or Dundee Parish Church Category A ListingMcKean amp Walker 1985 pp 52 54 150 Nethergate St Andrew s Roman Catholic Cathedral Including Presbytery and Former Sea Wall to South Category A ListingMcKean amp Walker 1985 p 57 Castle Hill St Paul s Episcopal Cathedral including steps and boundary wall Category A ListingMcKean amp Walker 1985 p 57 Historic Environment Scotland amp SM164McKean amp Walker 1985 pp 32 33 70 73 Inclusive Nos High Street Including Gardyne s Land Gray s Close and Clock with Model of the Town House McKean amp Walker 1985 p 18 Dragging a building into the 21st century Gardyne s Land wins multiple awards Meadowside and Barrack Street The Howff Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 pp 50 51 Caird Park Mains Castle Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 p 120 Dudhope Castle Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 pp 74 75 Claypotts Castle Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 p 103 Powrie Old Powrie Castle Including Adjoining Boundary Wall Euclid Crescent High School including Lodge Gatepiers Boundary wall and railings Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 p 47 Forfar Road Morgan Academy Main Block and Janitor s House with Terrace Boundary Walls and Gatepiers Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 p 97 2 Lochee Road Tay Works Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 p 85 Methven Street Camperdown Works High Mill or Silver Mill Category A listing McKean amp Walker 1985 p 89 MS 6 Cox Brothers Ltd Jute Spinners and Manufacturers and Cox Family Papers Archive Services Online Catalogue University of Dundee Archived from the original on 15 February 2016 Retrieved 9 February 2016 Princes Street and Return Elevations to Dens Street Constable Street and St Roques Lane Lower Dens Works Category listing 2 Princes Street Upper Dens Mill Category listing McKean amp Walker 1985 pp 30 32 From the Archives Fifty years since the Tower s foundation stone was laid Contact University of Dundee 24 25 October 2009 Dundee University s Tower Building needing facelift to address safety concerns The Courier 9 May 2012 Archived from the original on 31 October 2014 Retrieved 22 October 2013 Tower Building University of Dundee Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 Retrieved 22 October 2013 Bye bye Tayside House Muncher completes its work The Courier D C Thomson amp Co Ltd 12 July 2013 Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 2 March 2016 McKean Charles Whatley Patricia with Baxter Kenneth 2013 Lost Dundee Dundee s Lost Architectural Heritage 2nd ed Edinburgh Birlinn p 248 ISBN 978 1 78027 106 4 Dundee City Centre Bus Times Academic Year 2014 5 Starts 01 August Archived from the original on 26 September 2015 Retrieved 28 September 2016 The University abertay ac uk 11 January 2017 Archived from the original on 2 October 2016 Retrieved 28 September 2016 Records of the University of Dundee and its Predecessors Archival Sources for Local and Scottish History University of Dundee Archived from the original on 8 August 2011 Retrieved 27 April 2012 Baxter Kenneth et al 2007 A Dundee Celebration Dundee University of Dundee School of Life Sciences Archived from the original on 12 December 2018 Retrieved 22 October 2021 Law Scottish Legal News Dundee 12 September 2016 Archived from the original on 5 October 2016 Retrieved 3 October 2016 Medicine The Guardian London 17 May 2011 Archived from the original on 10 May 2017 Retrieved 11 December 2016 money for computer games centre 5 5m gaming and cyber security centre opens BBC News 16 December 2019 Archived from the original on 28 May 2021 Retrieved 19 May 2020 Al Maktoum Institute Denominational education Choosing a school Government of the United Kingdom Archived from the original on 10 December 2016 Retrieved 1 December 2016 Primary Schools Secondary Schools Kingspark School Strong 1909 p 19 Colvin 2008 p xx Kerr 1913 p 13 Dawson 2007 p 159 Presbytery of Dundee McKean 2009 p 5 McKean amp Walker 1985 p 52 St Peter s Free Church Dundee Archived from the original on 28 June 2017 Retrieved 26 February 2017 Mackie 1836 p 120 Foggie 2003 p 35 Who s who Officers the Diocese of Brechin The Diocese of Dunkeld Dundee Methodist Church Trinity Baptist Church Dundee Congregational Church Assemblies of God Scotland Salvation Army Dundee Salvation Army Menzieshill Williamson Unitarian Christian Church Dundee Dundee Quaker Meeting Jehovah s Witnesses Dundee Dundee Christadelphian Ecclesia Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque UK Mosque Searcher Mosques in Dundee Gurudwaras in Scotland Abrams 2009 pp 65 94 Dundee Hebrew Congregation Scotland s Jewish Community International Jewish Cemetery Project Scotland Nilupul Foundation Hindu Council UK UK City of Culture 2017 shortlist of four announced BBC News Archived from the original on 20 June 2013 Retrieved 20 June 2013 Cramb Auslan 20 November 2013 Dundee loses City of Culture bid but presses ahead with events The Telegraph Archived from the original on 10 October 2016 Retrieved 27 September 2016 Dundee crowned Scotland s most cultural city and we beat Hull too eveningtelegraph co uk 10 October 2014 Archived from the original on 14 April 2015 Retrieved 11 April 2015 Joe Birchenall Dundee is the fifth most cultural city in the UK according to new survey STV Dundee Dundee STV Dundee Archived from the original on 20 January 2015 Retrieved 14 April 2015 Rae Steven 20 August 2021 UK City of Culture 2025 Tay Cities unite in first joint title bid The Courier Retrieved 21 August 2021 Brexit blow to Dundee s 2023 culture bid BBC News 23 November 2017 Archived from the original on 26 March 2018 Retrieved 24 March 2018 Dundee formally withdraws Capital of Culture bid due to Brexit Evening Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 25 March 2018 Retrieved 24 March 2018 Day amp Milne 2010 p 30 Jarron 2011 p 183 Day amp Milne 2010 p 47 Day amp Milne 2010 p 20 Gale amp Kaur 2002 p 187 Dundee Heritage Trust 1998 pp 1 3 Dingwall Blair 28 January 2019 William and Kate will officially open V amp A on royal visit to Dundee on Tuesday Dundee Courier Archived from the original on 29 January 2019 Retrieved 28 January 2019 Dundee to get its own V amp A museum Archives Dundee City Council Archived from the original on 5 November 2011 Retrieved 17 November 2011 University of Dundee Archives Services University of Dundee Archived from the original on 14 June 2011 Retrieved 2 June 2011 University of Dundee Archives Services the Collections University of Dundee Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 Retrieved 2 June 2011 Business Archives Archives Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee 27 January 2011 Archived from the original on 15 March 2016 Retrieved 5 February 2016 Michael Peto Photographic Collection Archived 15 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine University of Dundee Retrieved 26 May 2011 McGonagall 1992 cityofrecovery com Archived from the original on 16 December 2014 Retrieved 25 August 2018 Dundee Mountain Film Festival International Alliance for Mountain Film DCA Unveil Dundead II Festival Line Up 5 March 2012 Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 15 July 2013 About Discovery Film Festival Retrieved 19 April 2023 Cox may be ambassador for Dundee About Us the Whitehall Theatre 13 July 2021 http dundeeds co uk Day amp Milne 2010 p 78 List of Mod s places Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine for each year on Sabhal Mor Ostaig website Radio 1 s Big Weekend 2023 BBC Events Almost Famous Snow Patrol NME Interview with Placebo Dundee Blues Bonanza Contact numbers for BBC Scotland Radio Tay s first day European Cup History Season 1962 1963 European Cup History Season 1983 1984 UEFA Cup History Season 1986 1987 Scottish Junior Football Clubs A K Dundee Stars join Elite Scottish National League structure confirmed for 2022 23 season Scottish Ice Hocky Association 1 August 2022 Retrieved 9 October 2022 Dundee HSFP Harris Academy Morgan Academy Panmure and Stobswell Dundee Volleyball Club Archived from the original on 25 February 2020 Retrieved 9 January 2021 Scrimgeour 1968 pp 278 283 Kerbside Recycling Box Scheme Brown Bin Garden Waste Collection Blue Bin Paper Collections Recycling Centres Recycling Points Waste Aware Tayside a b Policing in Dundee Scottish Ambulance Service Ambulance Stations in Scotland Twin towns Complete France www completefrance com Archived from the original on 5 July 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2022 a b c Dundee s Twins Archived from the original on 25 July 2017 Retrieved 24 March 2017 Twinned Towns Dundee and Alexandria Virginia the Scotsman www scotsman com Archived from the original on 28 December 2016 Retrieved 22 May 2022 Scotland s links with UAE celebrated in Dundee stv tv Archived from the original on 25 March 2017 Retrieved 22 May 2022 West Dundee partners with its Scottish namesake www dailyherald com Archived from the original on 25 March 2017 Retrieved 22 May 2022 Strachan Graeme 31 October 2021 Crowds chanted on historic night as Dundee gave Nelson Mandela the city keys The Courier Retrieved 3 November 2021 British Movietone 21 July 2015 Queen Mother Accepts Freedom for Black Watch 1954 via YouTube News edit Dundee Tory leader hits out at critic Evening Telegraph 28 February 2005 archived from the original on 6 June 2011 retrieved 3 May 2011 Didcock Barry 1 May 2005 Almost Famous Sunday Herald Archived from the original on 27 April 2006 Retrieved 6 September 2006 City promotes Emirates connection BBC News 21 July 2009 Retrieved 5 May 2011 Dundee Stars join top UK league BBC Sport 28 April 2010 Retrieved 7 August 2011 Dragging a building into the 21st Century Scottish Planner p 11 July 2010 Macmahon Peter 19 February 2005 Councils plot revolt over re draw plan The Scotsman Edinburgh archived from the original on 28 May 2021 retrieved 3 May 2011 Time running out for least liked building Tayside House The Courier 17 August 2011 archived from the original on 18 November 2011 retrieved 18 August 2011 Fate of Whitfield s Skarne blocks to be decided The Courier 4 May 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2011 permanent dead link First Dundee computer next year The Courier 7 December 1966 Four Dundee Hilltown multi storey blocks to come down The Courier 14 September 2010 Archived from the original on 16 August 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2011 Gardyne s Land wins multiple awards University of Dundee 2009 Archived from the original on 26 February 2011 Retrieved 4 May 2011 Last of Menzieshill multis to be brought down this week The Courier 5 March 2011 Archived from the original on 9 March 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2011 Tenants gone soon multi too Evening Telegraph 2 March 2007 Archived from the original on 16 March 2012 Retrieved 16 May 2011 Timex pulls the plug on Dundee plant The Scotsman 29 August 1993 Archived from the original on 14 June 2006 Retrieved 8 July 2006 Websites edit A Chronicle of The City s Office Bearers Chambers Regalia Castles amp Twin Cities PDF Dundee City Council archived PDF from the original on 26 January 2021 retrieved 25 April 2011 Al Maktoum Institute Archived from the original on 22 February 2009 Retrieved 5 May 2011 A list of ambulance stations in Scotland isdscotland 2005 Archived from the original on 13 January 2013 Retrieved 21 March 2011 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