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House of Stuart

October 21, 2023

"Stuarts" redirects here. For the defunct New England store chain, see Stuarts (store).

The House of Stuart, originally spelled Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family progenitor Walter fitz Alan (c. 1150). The name Stewart and variations had become established as a family name by the time of his grandson Walter Stewart. The first monarch of the Stewart line was Robert II, whose male-line descendants were kings and queens in Scotland from 1371, and of England, Ireland and Great Britain from 1603, until 1714. Mary, Queen of Scots (r.1542-1567), was brought up in France where she adopted the French spelling of the name Stuart.

In 1503, James IV married Margaret Tudor, thus linking the reigning royal houses of Scotland and England. Margaret's niece, Elizabeth I of England died without issue in 1603, and James IV's and Margaret's great-grandson James VI of Scotland succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland as James I in the Union of the Crowns. The Stuarts were monarchs of Britain and Ireland and its growing empire until the death of Queen Anne in 1714, except for the period of the Commonwealth between 1649 and 1660.[note 3]

In total, nine Stewart/Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603, the last of whom was James VI, before his accession in England. Two Stuart queens ruled the isles following the Glorious Revolution in 1688: Mary II and Anne. Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II by his first wife Anne Hyde and the great-grandchildren of James VI and I. Their father had converted to Catholicism and his new wife gave birth to a son in 1688, who was to be brought up as a Roman Catholic; so James was deposed by Parliament in 1689, in favour of his daughters. However, neither daughter had any children who survived to adulthood, so the crown passed to the House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne in 1714 under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Act of Security 1704. The House of Hanover had become linked to the House of Stuart through the line of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia.

After the loss of the throne, the descendants of James VII and II continued for several generations to attempt to reclaim the Scottish and English (and later British) throne as the rightful heirs, their supporters being known as Jacobites. Since the early 19th century, when the James II direct line failed, there have been no active claimants from the Stuart family. The current Jacobite heir to the claims of the historical Stuart monarchs is a distant cousin Franz, Duke of Bavaria, of the House of Wittelsbach. The senior living member of the royal Stewart family, descended in a legitimate male line from Robert II of Scotland, is Arthur Stuart, 8th Earl Castle Stewart.

Background Edit

The ancestral origins of the Stuart family are obscure—their probable ancestry is traced back to Alan FitzFlaad, a Breton who went to England not long after the Norman conquest.[1] Alan had been the hereditary steward of the Bishop of Dol in the Duchy of Brittany;[2] Alan had a good relationship with Henry I of England who awarded him with lands in Shropshire.[2] The FitzAlan family quickly established themselves as a prominent Anglo-Norman noble house, with some of its members serving as High Sheriff of Shropshire.[2][3] It was the son of Alan named Walter FitzAlan who became the first hereditary High Steward of Scotland, while his brother William's family went on to become Earls of Arundel.

When the civil war in the Kingdom of England, known as The Anarchy, broke out between the legitimist claimant Matilda, Lady of the English, and her cousin who had usurped her, King Stephen, Walter had sided with Matilda.[4] Another supporter of Matilda was her uncle David I of Scotland from the House of Dunkeld.[4] After Matilda was pushed out of England into the County of Anjou, essentially failing in her legitimist attempt for the throne, many of her supporters in England fled also. It was then that Walter followed David up to the Kingdom of Scotland, where he was granted lands in Renfrewshire and the title for life of Lord High Steward.[4] The next monarch of Scotland, Malcolm IV, made the High Steward title a hereditary arrangement. While High Stewards, the family were based at Dundonald, South Ayrshire, between the 12th and 13th centuries.

History Edit

 
undiffered arms of stewart
Stewart of Stewart
 
Arms of Stewart of Albany
Stewart of Albany
 
Arms of Stewart of Barclye
Stewart of Barclye
 
Arms of Stewart of Garlies
Stewart of Garlies
 
Arms of Stewart of Minto
Stewart of Minto
 
Arms of Stewart of Atholl
Stewart of Atholl
 
Arms of Stewart of Bute
Stewart of Bute
 
Arms of Stuart of Bute
Stuart of Bute
 
Arms of Stewart of Ardvorlich
Stewart of Ardvorlich
 
Arms of Stewart of Physgill
Stewart of Physgill
 
Arms of Stewart of Rothesay
Stewart of Rothesay

The sixth High Steward of Scotland, Walter Stewart (1293–1326), married Marjorie, daughter of Robert the Bruce, and also played an important part in the Battle of Bannockburn gaining further favour. Their son Robert was heir to the House of Bruce, the Lordship of Cunningham and the Bruce lands of Bourtreehill; he eventually inherited the Scottish throne when his uncle David II died childless in 1371.

In 1503, James IV attempted to secure peace with England by marrying King Henry VII's daughter, Margaret Tudor. The birth of their son, later James V, brought the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor, and the English throne. Margaret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and their daughter, Margaret Douglas, was the mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. In 1565, Darnley married his half-cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, the daughter of James V. Darnley's father was Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, a member of the Stewart of Darnley branch of the House. Lennox was a descendant of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, also descended from James II, being Mary's heir presumptive. Thus Darnley was also related to Mary on his father's side and because of this connection, Mary's heirs remained part of the House of Stuart. Following John Stewart of Darnley's ennoblement for his part at the Battle of Baugé in 1421 and the grant of lands to him at Aubigny and Concressault, the Darnley Stewarts' surname was gallicised to Stuart.

Both Mary, Queen of Scots, and Lord Darnley had strong claims on the English throne through their mutual grandmother Margaret Tudor. This eventually led to the accession of the couple's only child James as King of Scotland, England, and Ireland in 1603. However, this was a personal union, as the three Kingdoms shared a monarch, but had separate governments, churches, and institutions. Indeed, the personal union did not prevent an armed conflict, known as the Bishops' Wars, breaking out between England and Scotland in 1639. This was to become part of the cycle of political and military conflict that marked the reign of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland, culminating in a series of conflicts known as the War of the Three Kingdoms. The trial and execution of Charles I by the English Parliament in 1649 began 11 years of republican government known as the English Interregnum. Scotland initially recognised the late King's son, also called Charles, as their monarch, before being subjugated and forced to enter Cromwell's Commonwealth by General Monck's occupying army. During this period, the principal members of the House of Stuart lived in exile in mainland Europe. The younger Charles returned to Britain to assume his three thrones in 1660 as "Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland" - with the support of General Monck - but dated his reign from his father's death eleven years before.

In feudal and dynastic terms, the Scottish reliance on French support was revived during the reign of Charles II, whose own mother was French. His sister Henrietta married into the French royal family. Charles II left no legitimate children, but his numerous illegitimate descendants included the Dukes of Buccleuch, the Dukes of Grafton, the Dukes of Saint Albans and the Dukes of Richmond.

 
Monument to the Royal Stuarts in St. Peter's Basilica – Work of Antonio Canova.

These French and Roman Catholic connections proved unpopular and resulted in the downfall of the Stuarts, whose mutual enemies identified with Protestantism and because James VII and II offended the Anglican establishment by proposing tolerance not only for Catholics but for Protestant Dissenters. The Glorious Revolution caused the overthrow of King James in favour of his son-in-law and his daughter, William and Mary. James continued to claim the thrones of England and Scotland to which he had been crowned, and encouraged revolts in his name, and his grandson Charles (also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie) led an ultimately unsuccessful rising in 1745, ironically becoming symbols of conservative rebellion and Romanticism. Some blame the identification of the Roman Catholic Church with the Stuarts for the extremely lengthy delay in the passage of Catholic emancipation until Jacobitism (as represented by direct Stuart heirs) was extinguished; however it was as likely to be caused by entrenched anti-Catholic prejudice among the Anglican establishment of England. Despite the Whig intentions of tolerance to be extended to Irish subjects, this was not the preference of Georgian Tories and their failure at compromise played a subsequent role in the present division of Ireland.[citation needed]

Present-day Edit

The Royal House of Stuart became extinct with the death of Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart, brother of Charles Edward Stuart, in 1807. Duke Francis of Bavaria is the current senior heir.[5] However, Charles II had a number of illegitimate sons whose surviving descendants in the male line include Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond; Henry FitzRoy, 12th Duke of Grafton; Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans; and Richard Scott, 10th Duke of Buccleuch. In addition, James II's illegitimate son, James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, founded the House of FitzJames comprising two branches, one in France and one in Spain. The last of the French branch died in 1967; the senior heir of James II's male-line descendants is Jacobo Hernando Fitz-James Stuart, 20th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero.

List of monarchs Edit

Monarchs of Scotland Edit

Portrait Name From Until Relationship with predecessor
  Robert II 22 February 1371 19 April 1390 Nephew[6] of David II who died without issue. Robert's mother Marjorie Bruce was daughter of Robert I.
  Robert III 19 April 1390 4 April 1406 Son of Robert II.
  James I 4 April 1406 21 February 1437 Son of Robert III.
  James II 21 February 1437 3 August 1460 Son of James I.
  James III 3 August 1460 11 June 1488 Son of James II.
  James IV 11 June 1488 9 September 1513 Son of James III.
  James V 9 September 1513 14 December 1542 Son of James IV.
  Mary 14 December 1542 24 July 1567 Daughter of James V.
  James VI 24 July 1567
 27 March 1625 Son of Mary, Queen of Scots.

Monarchs of England, Scotland and Ireland Edit

From the Acts of Union 1707, which came into effect on 1 May 1707, the last Stuart monarch, Anne, became Queen of Great Britain and Ireland.

Portrait Name From Until Relationship with predecessor
  James VI and I
24 March 1603 27 March 1625 Great-Great grandson of Henry VII of England. King of Scotland alone until inheriting the titles King of England and Ireland, including claim to France from the extinct Tudors.
  Charles I 27 March 1625 30 January 1649 (executed) Son of James VI and I
  Charles II 30 January 1649 (de jure); 2 May 1660 (de facto) 6 February 1685 Son of Charles I. Prohibited by Parliament from assuming the throne during a republican period of government known as the Commonwealth of England, but then accepted as king in 1661.
  James VII and II 6 February 1685 11 December 1688 Brother of Charles II, who died without legitimate issue. Son of Charles I. Overthrown at the Revolution of 1688. Died in 1701.
  Mary II 13 February 1689 28 December 1694 Daughter of James II & VII, who was still alive and pretending to the throne. Co-monarch was William III & II who outlived his wife.
  Anne 8 March 1702 1 August 1714 Sister of Mary II. daughter of James II & VII. Name of state changed to Great Britain with the political Acts of Union 1707, though family has used title since James I & VI. Died childless, rights pass to House of Hanover.
Anne, Queen of Great BritainMary II of EnglandJames II of EnglandCharles II of EnglandCharles I of EnglandJames VI and IMary, Queen of ScotsJames V of ScotlandJames IV of ScotlandJames III of ScotlandJames II of ScotlandJames I of ScotlandRobert III of ScotlandRobert II of Scotland
 
Armorial tablet of the Stewarts at Falkland Palace, Fife

Family tree Edit

See also: Stuart Scottish monarchs family tree and Stuart British monarchs family tree

Round provided a family tree[7] to embody his essential findings, which is adapted below.

Alan,
Dapifer Dolensis
(Seneschal or Steward of Dol)
Alan,
Dapifer Dolensis,
Took part in First Crusade, 1097.		Flaald
Occurs at Monmouth, 1101/2		Rhiwallon
Monk of St Florent.
Alan Fitz Flaad,
Founder of Sporle Priory
Jordan Fitz Alan,
Dapifer in Brittany,
Benefactor of Sele Priory.		William Fitz Alan,
Lord of Oswestry
Founder/benefactor of Haughmond Abbey,
Died 1160		Walter fitz Alan
Dapifer Regis Scotiae,
Founder of Paisley Abbey,
Died 1177
Alan Fitz Jordan,
Dapifer Dolensis.		William Fitz Alan II,
Lord of Oswestry and Clun		Alan the Steward
Senescallus Regis Scotiae


Origin Edit


House of Stewart Edit

House of Stuart Edit

Descended from the Stewarts of Darnley (Stewarts of Lennox)

See also Edit

Notes Edit

  1. ^ titular claim rather than de facto
  2. ^ Title assumed by James V of Scotland, in correspondence with Irish chieftains, as a challenge to Henry VIII, who had recently been declared 'King of Ireland.'
  3. ^ The Earls of Galloway are the senior surviving line of the Stuarts. They are descended from a line which originated from the second son of Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland, and are not members of the Stewart/Stuart royal line; however, they are part of the peerage.

References Edit

  1. ^ "J.H. Round: The Origin of the Stewarts: Part 1". MedievalGenealogy.org.uk. Retrieved on 13 November 2008.
  2. ^ a b c Bartlett, England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075–1225, 544.
  3. ^ Lieber, Encyclopædia Americana, 30.
  4. ^ a b c King, The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign, 249.
  5. ^ Alleyne, Richard; de Quetteville, Harry (7 April 2008). . Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
  6. ^ The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  7. ^ "Studies in peerage and family history". New York Longmans, Green. 1901.

Sources Edit

  • King, Edmund (1994). The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820364-0.
  • Barrow, G. W. S. (2003). The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1802-3.
  • Barrow, G. W. S. (2004). "Stewart family (per. c.1110–c.1350)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49411. Retrieved 11 October 2010. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  • Round, J. Horace (1901). Studies in Peerage and Family History. Westminster, London: Archibald Constable & Co Ltd.

Further reading Edit

  • Addington, Arthur C. The Royal House of Stuart: The Descendants of King James VI of Scotland (James I of England). 3v. Charles Skilton, 1969–76.
  • Cassavetti, Eileen. The Lion & the Lilies: The Stuarts and France. Macdonald & Jane's, 1977.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Stuart.
  • Official website of the Stewarts of Argyll
House of Stuart
Preceded by Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland
1371–1649 		Vacant
Preceded by Ruling house of the Kingdom of England
1603–1649 		Vacant
Vacant Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland
1660–1694 		Vacant
Vacant Ruling house of the Kingdom of England
1660–1694
Vacant Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland
1702–1707 		Titles merged by the
Acts of Union 1707
Ruling house of the Kingdom of England
1702–1707
New title
England and Scotland united
 Ruling house of the Kingdom of Great Britain
1707–1714 		Succeeded by

October 21, 2023
house, stuart, stuarts, redirects, here, defunct, england, store, chain, stuarts, store, originally, spelled, stewart, royal, house, scotland, england, ireland, later, great, britain, family, name, comes, from, office, high, steward, scotland, which, been, hel. Stuarts redirects here For the defunct New England store chain see Stuarts store The House of Stuart originally spelled Stewart was a royal house of Scotland England Ireland and later Great Britain The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland which had been held by the family progenitor Walter fitz Alan c 1150 The name Stewart and variations had become established as a family name by the time of his grandson Walter Stewart The first monarch of the Stewart line was Robert II whose male line descendants were kings and queens in Scotland from 1371 and of England Ireland and Great Britain from 1603 until 1714 Mary Queen of Scots r 1542 1567 was brought up in France where she adopted the French spelling of the name Stuart StuartStewartRoyal houseCoat of arms of James VI and I 1603 1649Parent familyClan StewartCountryScotland England Ireland Great BritainFoundedc 1371 652 years ago FounderRobert II of Scotland 1371 1390 Final rulerAnne Queen of Great Britain 1702 1714 TitlesList King and Queen of ScotlandKing and Queen of EnglandKing and Queen of IrelandQueen of Great BritainKing and Queen of France note 1 High Steward of ScotlandDuke of AubignyDuke of AlbanyMarquess of ButeEarl of LennoxEarl of MorayQueen of FranceLord of Ireland note 2 Dissolution1807 1807 Cadet branchesList Stewart of ArdvorlichStewart of BallechinStewart of Castle StewartStewart of DarnleyStewart of GallowayIn 1503 James IV married Margaret Tudor thus linking the reigning royal houses of Scotland and England Margaret s niece Elizabeth I of England died without issue in 1603 and James IV s and Margaret s great grandson James VI of Scotland succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland as James I in the Union of the Crowns The Stuarts were monarchs of Britain and Ireland and its growing empire until the death of Queen Anne in 1714 except for the period of the Commonwealth between 1649 and 1660 note 3 In total nine Stewart Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603 the last of whom was James VI before his accession in England Two Stuart queens ruled the isles following the Glorious Revolution in 1688 Mary II and Anne Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II by his first wife Anne Hyde and the great grandchildren of James VI and I Their father had converted to Catholicism and his new wife gave birth to a son in 1688 who was to be brought up as a Roman Catholic so James was deposed by Parliament in 1689 in favour of his daughters However neither daughter had any children who survived to adulthood so the crown passed to the House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne in 1714 under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Act of Security 1704 The House of Hanover had become linked to the House of Stuart through the line of Elizabeth Stuart Queen of Bohemia After the loss of the throne the descendants of James VII and II continued for several generations to attempt to reclaim the Scottish and English and later British throne as the rightful heirs their supporters being known as Jacobites Since the early 19th century when the James II direct line failed there have been no active claimants from the Stuart family The current Jacobite heir to the claims of the historical Stuart monarchs is a distant cousin Franz Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach The senior living member of the royal Stewart family descended in a legitimate male line from Robert II of Scotland is Arthur Stuart 8th Earl Castle Stewart Contents 1 Background 2 History 3 Present day 4 List of monarchs 4 1 Monarchs of Scotland 4 2 Monarchs of England Scotland and Ireland 5 Family tree 5 1 Origin 5 2 House of Stewart 5 3 House of Stuart 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Sources 10 Further reading 11 External linksBackground EditThe ancestral origins of the Stuart family are obscure their probable ancestry is traced back to Alan FitzFlaad a Breton who went to England not long after the Norman conquest 1 Alan had been the hereditary steward of the Bishop of Dol in the Duchy of Brittany 2 Alan had a good relationship with Henry I of England who awarded him with lands in Shropshire 2 The FitzAlan family quickly established themselves as a prominent Anglo Norman noble house with some of its members serving as High Sheriff of Shropshire 2 3 It was the son of Alan named Walter FitzAlan who became the first hereditary High Steward of Scotland while his brother William s family went on to become Earls of Arundel When the civil war in the Kingdom of England known as The Anarchy broke out between the legitimist claimant Matilda Lady of the English and her cousin who had usurped her King Stephen Walter had sided with Matilda 4 Another supporter of Matilda was her uncle David I of Scotland from the House of Dunkeld 4 After Matilda was pushed out of England into the County of Anjou essentially failing in her legitimist attempt for the throne many of her supporters in England fled also It was then that Walter followed David up to the Kingdom of Scotland where he was granted lands in Renfrewshire and the title for life of Lord High Steward 4 The next monarch of Scotland Malcolm IV made the High Steward title a hereditary arrangement While High Stewards the family were based at Dundonald South Ayrshire between the 12th and 13th centuries History EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message nbsp undiffered arms of stewartStewart of Stewart nbsp Arms of Stewart of AlbanyStewart of Albany nbsp Arms of Stewart of BarclyeStewart of Barclye nbsp Arms of Stewart of GarliesStewart of Garlies nbsp Arms of Stewart of MintoStewart of Minto nbsp Arms of Stewart of AthollStewart of Atholl nbsp Arms of Stewart of ButeStewart of Bute nbsp Arms of Stuart of ButeStuart of Bute nbsp Arms of Stewart of ArdvorlichStewart of Ardvorlich nbsp Arms of Stewart of PhysgillStewart of Physgill nbsp Arms of Stewart of RothesayStewart of RothesayThe sixth High Steward of Scotland Walter Stewart 1293 1326 married Marjorie daughter of Robert the Bruce and also played an important part in the Battle of Bannockburn gaining further favour Their son Robert was heir to the House of Bruce the Lordship of Cunningham and the Bruce lands of Bourtreehill he eventually inherited the Scottish throne when his uncle David II died childless in 1371 In 1503 James IV attempted to secure peace with England by marrying King Henry VII s daughter Margaret Tudor The birth of their son later James V brought the House of Stewart into the line of descent of the House of Tudor and the English throne Margaret Tudor later married Archibald Douglas 6th Earl of Angus and their daughter Margaret Douglas was the mother of Henry Stuart Lord Darnley In 1565 Darnley married his half cousin Mary Queen of Scots the daughter of James V Darnley s father was Matthew Stewart 4th Earl of Lennox a member of the Stewart of Darnley branch of the House Lennox was a descendant of Alexander Stewart 4th High Steward of Scotland also descended from James II being Mary s heir presumptive Thus Darnley was also related to Mary on his father s side and because of this connection Mary s heirs remained part of the House of Stuart Following John Stewart of Darnley s ennoblement for his part at the Battle of Bauge in 1421 and the grant of lands to him at Aubigny and Concressault the Darnley Stewarts surname was gallicised to Stuart Both Mary Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley had strong claims on the English throne through their mutual grandmother Margaret Tudor This eventually led to the accession of the couple s only child James as King of Scotland England and Ireland in 1603 However this was a personal union as the three Kingdoms shared a monarch but had separate governments churches and institutions Indeed the personal union did not prevent an armed conflict known as the Bishops Wars breaking out between England and Scotland in 1639 This was to become part of the cycle of political and military conflict that marked the reign of Charles I of England Scotland and Ireland culminating in a series of conflicts known as the War of the Three Kingdoms The trial and execution of Charles I by the English Parliament in 1649 began 11 years of republican government known as the English Interregnum Scotland initially recognised the late King s son also called Charles as their monarch before being subjugated and forced to enter Cromwell s Commonwealth by General Monck s occupying army During this period the principal members of the House of Stuart lived in exile in mainland Europe The younger Charles returned to Britain to assume his three thrones in 1660 as Charles II of England Scotland and Ireland with the support of General Monck but dated his reign from his father s death eleven years before In feudal and dynastic terms the Scottish reliance on French support was revived during the reign of Charles II whose own mother was French His sister Henrietta married into the French royal family Charles II left no legitimate children but his numerous illegitimate descendants included the Dukes of Buccleuch the Dukes of Grafton the Dukes of Saint Albans and the Dukes of Richmond nbsp Monument to the Royal Stuarts in St Peter s Basilica Work of Antonio Canova These French and Roman Catholic connections proved unpopular and resulted in the downfall of the Stuarts whose mutual enemies identified with Protestantism and because James VII and II offended the Anglican establishment by proposing tolerance not only for Catholics but for Protestant Dissenters The Glorious Revolution caused the overthrow of King James in favour of his son in law and his daughter William and Mary James continued to claim the thrones of England and Scotland to which he had been crowned and encouraged revolts in his name and his grandson Charles also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie led an ultimately unsuccessful rising in 1745 ironically becoming symbols of conservative rebellion and Romanticism Some blame the identification of the Roman Catholic Church with the Stuarts for the extremely lengthy delay in the passage of Catholic emancipation until Jacobitism as represented by direct Stuart heirs was extinguished however it was as likely to be caused by entrenched anti Catholic prejudice among the Anglican establishment of England Despite the Whig intentions of tolerance to be extended to Irish subjects this was not the preference of Georgian Tories and their failure at compromise played a subsequent role in the present division of Ireland citation needed Present day EditThe Royal House of Stuart became extinct with the death of Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart brother of Charles Edward Stuart in 1807 Duke Francis of Bavaria is the current senior heir 5 However Charles II had a number of illegitimate sons whose surviving descendants in the male line include Charles Gordon Lennox 11th Duke of Richmond Henry FitzRoy 12th Duke of Grafton Murray Beauclerk 14th Duke of St Albans and Richard Scott 10th Duke of Buccleuch In addition James II s illegitimate son James FitzJames 1st Duke of Berwick founded the House of FitzJames comprising two branches one in France and one in Spain The last of the French branch died in 1967 the senior heir of James II s male line descendants is Jacobo Hernando Fitz James Stuart 20th Duke of Penaranda de Duero List of monarchs EditMonarchs of Scotland Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message Portrait Name From Until Relationship with predecessor nbsp Robert II 22 February 1371 19 April 1390 Nephew 6 of David II who died without issue Robert s mother Marjorie Bruce was daughter of Robert I nbsp Robert III 19 April 1390 4 April 1406 Son of Robert II nbsp James I 4 April 1406 21 February 1437 Son of Robert III nbsp James II 21 February 1437 3 August 1460 Son of James I nbsp James III 3 August 1460 11 June 1488 Son of James II nbsp James IV 11 June 1488 9 September 1513 Son of James III nbsp James V 9 September 1513 14 December 1542 Son of James IV nbsp Mary 14 December 1542 24 July 1567 Daughter of James V nbsp James VI 24 July 1567 27 March 1625 Son of Mary Queen of Scots Monarchs of England Scotland and Ireland Edit This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message From the Acts of Union 1707 which came into effect on 1 May 1707 the last Stuart monarch Anne became Queen of Great Britain and Ireland Portrait Name From Until Relationship with predecessor nbsp James VI and I 24 March 1603 27 March 1625 Great Great grandson of Henry VII of England King of Scotland alone until inheriting the titles King of England and Ireland including claim to France from the extinct Tudors nbsp Charles I 27 March 1625 30 January 1649 executed Son of James VI and I nbsp Charles II 30 January 1649 de jure 2 May 1660 de facto 6 February 1685 Son of Charles I Prohibited by Parliament from assuming the throne during a republican period of government known as the Commonwealth of England but then accepted as king in 1661 nbsp James VII and II 6 February 1685 11 December 1688 Brother of Charles II who died without legitimate issue Son of Charles I Overthrown at the Revolution of 1688 Died in 1701 nbsp Mary II 13 February 1689 28 December 1694 Daughter of James II amp VII who was still alive and pretending to the throne Co monarch was William III amp II who outlived his wife nbsp Anne 8 March 1702 1 August 1714 Sister of Mary II daughter of James II amp VII Name of state changed to Great Britain with the political Acts of Union 1707 though family has used title since James I amp VI Died childless rights pass to House of Hanover nbsp Armorial tablet of the Stewarts at Falkland Palace FifeFamily tree Edit See also Stuart Scottish monarchs family tree and Stuart British monarchs family tree Round provided a family tree 7 to embody his essential findings which is adapted below Alan Dapifer Dolensis Seneschal or Steward of Dol Alan Dapifer Dolensis Took part in First Crusade 1097 FlaaldOccurs at Monmouth 1101 2RhiwallonMonk of St Florent Alan Fitz Flaad Founder of Sporle PrioryJordan Fitz Alan Dapifer in Brittany Benefactor of Sele Priory William Fitz Alan Lord of OswestryFounder benefactor of Haughmond Abbey Died 1160Walter fitz AlanDapifer Regis Scotiae Founder of Paisley Abbey Died 1177Alan Fitz Jordan Dapifer Dolensis William Fitz Alan II Lord of Oswestry and ClunAlan the StewardSenescallus Regis Scotiae Origin Edit Alan fitz Flaad William FitzAlan Lord of Oswestry William Fitz Alan 1st Lord of Oswestry and Clun William Fitz Alan 2nd Lord of Oswestry and Clun John Fitzalan Lord of Oswestry John FitzAlan 6th Earl of Arundel House of FitzAlan Jordan fitz Alan Seneschal of Dol Walter fitz Alan 1st High Steward of Scotland Alan fitz Walter 2nd High Steward of Scotland Walter Stewart 3rd High Steward of Scotland Alexander Stewart 4th High Steward of Scotland James Stewart 5th High Steward of Scotland Walter Stewart 6th High Steward of Scotland Robert II of Scotland John Stewart of Ralston John Stewart of Bonkyll Alexander Stewart of Bonkyll Earls of Angus extinct 1361 Alan Stewart of Dreghorn Stewart of Darnley Earls of Lennox Stewart of Garlies Earls of Galloway Stewart of Burray Stewart of Physgill Phisgal Stewart of Minto Lords Blantyre Stewart of Tongrie Stewart of Barclye Walter Stewart of Garlies and Dalswinton John Stewart of Dalswinton Walter Stewart of Garlies and Dalswinton James Stewart of Pearston Stewart of Pearston Stewart of Lorn Clan Stewart of Appin Earls of Atholl Earls of Buchan Earls of Traquair illegitimate John Stewart of Daldon Robert Stewart of Daldowie Walter Bailloch Earls of Menteith Robert Stewart Lord of Darnley Simon fitz Alan Clan Boyd House of Stewart Edit Robert II of Scotland Robert III of Scotland David Stewart Duke of Rothesay James I of Scotland Alexander Stewart Duke of Rothesay James II of Scotland James III of Scotland James IV of Scotland James Duke of Rothesay Arthur Stewart Duke of Rothesay James V of Scotland James Duke of Rothesay Arthur Duke of Albany Mary Queen of Scots Alexander Stewart Duke of Ross James Stewart Duke of Ross John Stewart Earl of Mar Alexander Stewart Duke of Albany Alexander Stewart Bishop of Moray John Stewart Duke of Albany David Stewart Earl of Moray John Stewart Earl of Mar Sir John Stewart illegitimate Stewart of Ballechin Walter Lord of Fife Robert Stewart Duke of Albany Murdoch Stewart Duke of Albany Robert Stewart Walter Stewart Lords Avandale Lords Stuart of Ochiltree Barons Castle Stewart Earls Castle Stewart Alasdair Stewart James Mor Stewart James Beag Stewart illegitimate Stewart of Balquhidder Stewart of Ardvorlich Stewart of Glen Buckie Stewart of Gartnafuaran Stewart of Annat John Stewart Earl of Buchan Robert Stewart Earl of Ross Alexander Stewart Earl of Buchan the Wolf of Badenoch Illegitimate sons Stewart of Atholl David Stewart Earl of Strathearn Walter Stewart Earl of Atholl Alan Stewart 4th Earl of Caithness David Stewart Master of Atholl John Stewart Sheriff of Bute illegitimate Clan Stuart of Bute House of Stuart Edit Descended from the Stewarts of Darnley Stewarts of Lennox Henry Stuart Lord Darnley husband of Mary Queen of Scots James VI and I Henry Frederick Prince of Wales Charles I of England Charles II of England James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth illegitimate Dukes of Buccleuch Charles FitzCharles 1st Earl of Plymouth illegitimate Charles FitzRoy 2nd Duke of Cleveland illegitimate Dukes of Cleveland extinct 1774 Henry FitzRoy 1st Duke of Grafton illegitimate Dukes of Grafton George FitzRoy 1st Duke of Northumberland illegitimate Charles Beauclerk 1st Duke of St Albans illegitimate Dukes of St Albans Charles Lennox 1st Duke of Richmond illegitimate Dukes of Richmond Lennox and Gordon James II of England Charles Stuart Duke of Cambridge James Stuart Duke of Cambridge Charles Stuart Duke of Kendal Edgar Duke of Cambridge Charles Stuart Duke of Cambridge James Francis Edward Stuart Charles Edward Stuart Henry Benedict Stuart James FitzJames 1st Duke of Berwick illegitimate House of FitzJames Dukes of Berwick Dukes of Fitz James extinct 1967 Henry FitzJames illegitimate Henry Stuart Duke of Gloucester Robert Stuart Duke of Kintyre and Lorne See also Edit Jacobitism for more on the legitimist House of Stuart following the Glorious Revolution John Barbour the first Stewart court poet and genealogist List of Scottish monarchs List of British monarchs Clan Stewart Barony and Castle of Corsehill Stewarton in Ayrshire and the Stuart connection Armorial of the House of StuartNotes Edit titular claim rather than de facto Title assumed by James V of Scotland in correspondence with Irish chieftains as a challenge to Henry VIII who had recently been declared King of Ireland The Earls of Galloway are the senior surviving line of the Stuarts They are descended from a line which originated from the second son of Alexander Stewart 4th High Steward of Scotland and are not members of the Stewart Stuart royal line however they are part of the peerage References Edit J H Round The Origin of the Stewarts Part 1 MedievalGenealogy org uk Retrieved on 13 November 2008 a b c Bartlett England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075 1225 544 Lieber Encyclopaedia Americana 30 a b c King The Anarchy of King Stephen s Reign 249 Alleyne Richard de Quetteville Harry 7 April 2008 Act repeal could make Franz Herzog von Bayern new King of England and Scotland Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 8 April 2008 Retrieved 22 June 2008 The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Studies in peerage and family history New York Longmans Green 1901 Sources Edit King Edmund 1994 The Anarchy of King Stephen s Reign Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 820364 0 Barrow G W S 2003 The Kingdom of the Scots Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0 7486 1802 3 Barrow G W S 2004 Stewart family per c 1110 c 1350 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 49411 Retrieved 11 October 2010 Subscription or UK public library membership required Round J Horace 1901 Studies in Peerage and Family History Westminster London Archibald Constable amp Co Ltd Further reading Edit Addington Arthur C The Royal House of Stuart The Descendants of King James VI of Scotland James I of England 3v Charles Skilton 1969 76 Cassavetti Eileen The Lion amp the Lilies The Stuarts and France Macdonald amp Jane s 1977 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to House of Stuart Official website of the Stewarts of ArgyllRoyal houseHouse of StuartPreceded byHouse of Bruce Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland1371 1649 VacantThe CovenantersPreceded byHouse of Tudor Ruling house of the Kingdom of England1603 1649 VacantCommonwealth of EnglandVacantThe Covenanters Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland1660 1694 VacantHouse of Orange NassauVacantCommonwealth of England Ruling house of the Kingdom of England1660 1694VacantHouse of Orange Nassau Ruling house of the Kingdom of Scotland1702 1707 Titles merged by theActs of Union 1707Ruling house of the Kingdom of England1702 1707New titleEngland and Scotland united Ruling house of the Kingdom of Great Britain1707 1714 Succeeded byHouse of Hanover Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title House of Stuart amp oldid 1180079744, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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