A European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union (EU) for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan-European dimension. Being a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for a city to generate considerable cultural, social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration, change the city's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale. Multiple cities can be a European Capital of Culture simultaneously.
The logo used by European Commission for European Capital of Culture.
In 1985, Melina Mercouri, Greece’s Minister of Culture, and her FrenchcounterpartJack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual City of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values. It is strongly believed that the ECoC significantly maximises social and economic benefits, especially when the events are embedded as a part of a long–term culture-based development strategy of the city and the surrounding region.[1]
An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union.
For two of the capitals each year, eligibility is open to cities in EU member states only. From 2021 and every three years thereafter, a third capital will be chosen from cities in countries that are candidates or potential candidates for membership, or in countries that are part of the European Economic Area (EEA)[2][3]– an example of the latter being Stavanger, Norway, which was a European Capital of Culture in 2008.
A 2004 study conducted for the Commission, known as the "Palmer report", demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for cultural development and the transformation of the city.[4] Consequently, the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities.
Bids from five United Kingdom cities to be the 2023 Capital of Culture were disqualified in November 2017, because the UK was planning to leave the EU before 2023.[5]
History
The European Capital of Culture programme was initially called the European City of Culture and was conceived in 1983, by Melina Mercouri, then serving as minister of culture in Greece. Mercouri believed that at the time, culture was not given the same attention as politics and economics and a project for promoting European cultures within the member states should be pursued. The European City of Culture programme was launched in the summer of 1985 with Athens being the first title-holder.[6] In 1999, the European City of Culture program was renamed to European Capital of Culture.[7]
List of European Capitals of Culture
Veszprém (Hungary), the European Capital of Culture for 2023
Timișoara (Romania), the European Capital of Culture for 2023
Eleusis (Greece), the European Capital of Culture for 2023
The year 2000 was called the millennium year and treated in a special way, in order to emphasize the enduring heritage and contribution of European cities to world culture and civilization. Because of that, nine locations were chosen, including two cities of states that were to join the EU on 1 May 2004.[8]
1 The European Capital of Culture was due to be in the UK in 2023. However, due to its decision to leave the European Union, UK cities would no longer be eligible to hold the title after 2019. The European Commission's Scotland office confirmed that this would be the case on 23 November 2017, only one week before the UK was due to announce which city would be put forward.[21] The candidate cities were Dundee,[22]Leeds, Milton Keynes,[23]Nottingham and a joint bid from Northern Irish cities Belfast, Derry and Strabane.[24]
^Burkšienė, V., Dvorak, J., Burbulytė-Tsiskarishvili, G. (2018). Sustainability and Sustainability Marketing in Competing for the Title of European Capital of Culture. Organizacija, Vol. 51 (1), p. 66-78 17 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
^"Decision No 445/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014". 3 May 2014. from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^"European Capitals of Culture 2020 to 2033 — A guide for cities preparing to bid" (PDF). European Commission. (PDF) from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
^Palmer, Robert (2004) "European Cities and Capitals of Culture" Part I. 5 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Part II. 5 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Study prepared for the European Commission
^"Brexit blow to UK 2023 culture crown bids". BBC News. 23 November 2017. from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
^Kiran Klaus Patel, ed., The Cultural Politics of Europe: European Capitals of Culture and European Union since the 1980s (London: Routledge, 2013)
^"History – UNeECC". from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
^"Association of European Cities of Culture of the Year 2000 - KRAKOW THE OPEN CITY". www.krakow.pl. from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
^"Trenčín to be the European Capital of Culture 2026 in Slovakia". europa.eu. 10 December 2021. from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
^ ab"Soutěž Evropské hlavní město kultury 2028 zná své finalisty" (in Czech). Ministry of Culture Czech Republic. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
^"APPEL à CANDIDATURE – Capitale européenne de la Culture 2028". Ministerstvo Kultury (in Czech). Retrieved 4 October 2022.
^"Capitale européenne de la Culture 2028". Ministère de la Culture (in French). Retrieved 14 October 2022.
^"Ecoc 2028, Here are the first candidate cities". Retrieved 14 October 2022.
^ ab"Two cities short-listed to become European Capital of Culture 2028 in a candidate country". European Commission. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
^ ab"Poland 2029, there is the call. Nominations starts". ecocnews.com. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
^"v". Kulturrådet (in Swedish). 16 December 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
^Let’s make Brussels the cultural capital of Europe!
^"Leuven stelt zich kandidaat als Europese Culturele Hoofdstad 2030". demorgen.be. 15 December 2017. from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
^"Vild plan: Vil gøre Næstved til europæisk kulturhovedstad". 11 January 2022. from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
^"Torino Capitale europea della Cultura nel 2033? Il Consiglio comunale dice "sì" alla candidatura". Torino Oggi. 19 April 2021. from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
^Brady, Jon (23 November 2017). "Brexit destroys Dundee's hopes of being European Capital of Culture in 2023". Evening Telegraph. from the original on 23 November 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
^Lorimer, Scott. "The latest news and sport from Dundee, Tayside and Fife". Evening Telegraph. from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
^. www.milton-keynes.gov.uk. Milton Keynes Council. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
^Meredith, Robbie (5 July 2017). "NI councils make bid for European Capital of Culture title". BBC News. from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
^"European Capitals of Culture". European Union. 6 February 2021. from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Capital of Culture.
European Capitals of Culture
Decision No 1622/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 establishing a Community action for the European Capital of Culture event for the years 2007 to 2019
Decision No 445/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 establishing a Union action for the European Capitals of Culture for the years 2020 to 2033 and repealing Decision No 1622/2006/EC
January 16, 2023
european, capital, culture, city, designated, european, union, period, calendar, year, during, which, organises, series, cultural, events, with, strong, european, dimension, being, opportunity, city, generate, considerable, cultural, social, economic, benefits. A European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union EU for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong pan European dimension Being a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for a city to generate considerable cultural social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration change the city s image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale Multiple cities can be a European Capital of Culture simultaneously The logo used by European Commission for European Capital of Culture In 1985 Melina Mercouri Greece s Minister of Culture and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual City of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values It is strongly believed that the ECoC significantly maximises social and economic benefits especially when the events are embedded as a part of a long term culture based development strategy of the city and the surrounding region 1 The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture more than 40 cities have been designated so far The current European Capitals of Culture for 2023 are Eleusis in Greece Timișoara in Romania and Veszprem in Hungary Contents 1 Selection process 2 History 3 List of European Capitals of Culture 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksSelection process Edit Melina Mercouri An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union For two of the capitals each year eligibility is open to cities in EU member states only From 2021 and every three years thereafter a third capital will be chosen from cities in countries that are candidates or potential candidates for membership or in countries that are part of the European Economic Area EEA 2 3 an example of the latter being Stavanger Norway which was a European Capital of Culture in 2008 A 2004 study conducted for the Commission known as the Palmer report demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for cultural development and the transformation of the city 4 Consequently the beneficial socio economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities Bids from five United Kingdom cities to be the 2023 Capital of Culture were disqualified in November 2017 because the UK was planning to leave the EU before 2023 5 History EditThe European Capital of Culture programme was initially called the European City of Culture and was conceived in 1983 by Melina Mercouri then serving as minister of culture in Greece Mercouri believed that at the time culture was not given the same attention as politics and economics and a project for promoting European cultures within the member states should be pursued The European City of Culture programme was launched in the summer of 1985 with Athens being the first title holder 6 In 1999 the European City of Culture program was renamed to European Capital of Culture 7 List of European Capitals of Culture Edit Veszprem Hungary the European Capital of Culture for 2023 Timișoara Romania the European Capital of Culture for 2023 Eleusis Greece the European Capital of Culture for 2023 European Capitals of Culture Year City Country Notes Links1985 Athens Greece1986 Florence Italy1987 Amsterdam Netherlands1988 West Berlin West Germany Berlin since German reunification in 19901989 Paris France1990 Glasgow United Kingdom1991 Dublin Ireland1992 Madrid Spain1993 Antwerp Belgium1994 Lisbon Portugal1995 Luxembourg City Luxembourg1996 Copenhagen Denmark1997 Thessaloniki Greece1998 Stockholm Sweden1999 Weimar Germany2000 Avignon France The year 2000 was called the millennium year and treated in a special way in order to emphasize the enduring heritage and contribution of European cities to world culture and civilization Because of that nine locations were chosen including two cities of states that were to join the EU on 1 May 2004 8 Bergen NorwayBologna ItalyBrussels BelgiumHelsinki FinlandKrakow PolandPrague Czech RepublicReykjavik IcelandSantiago de Compostela Spain2001 Rotterdam NetherlandsPorto Portugal2002 Bruges BelgiumSalamanca Spain2003 Graz Austria2004 Genoa ItalyLille France2005 Cork Ireland Cork Caucus2006 Patras Greece2007 Sibiu RomaniaLuxembourg City Luxembourg2008 Liverpool United KingdomStavanger Norway2009 Vilnius LithuaniaLinz Austria Linz 20092010 Essen Germany Representing the whole Ruhr as Ruhr 2010 Istanbul TurkeyPecs Hungary2011 Turku FinlandTallinn Estonia2012 Guimaraes PortugalMaribor Slovenia2013 Marseille France Marseille Provence 2013Kosice Slovakia2014 Riga LatviaUmea Sweden2015 Mons BelgiumPlzen Czech Republic2016 San Sebastian SpainWroclaw Poland2017 Aarhus Denmark Aarhus 2017Paphos Cyprus Pafos 20172018 Leeuwarden NetherlandsValletta Malta Valletta 20182019 Matera Italy Matera 2019Plovdiv Bulgaria Plovdiv 20192020 April 2021 Rijeka Croatia Rijeka 2020Galway Ireland Galway 20202022 Kaunas Lithuania Kaunas 2022Esch sur Alzette Luxembourg Esch sur Alzette 2022Novi Sad Serbia Novi Sad 2022 Coronavirus postponement 20231 Veszprem Hungary Veszprem 2023Timișoara Romania Timișoara 2023 Coronavirus postponement Eleusis Greece Eleusis 2023 Coronavirus postponement 2024 1 Tartu Estonia Tartu 20242 Bad Ischl Austria Salzkammergut 202432 Bodo Norway Bodo 20242025 Nova Gorica Gorizia joint bid Slovenia Italy GO 2025Chemnitz Germany Chemnitz 20252026 Trencin 9 Slovakia Trencin 2026Oulu Finland Oulu 20262027 Liepaja Latvia Liepaja 2027Evora Portugal Evora 20272028 1 TBA Czech Republic 2nd round bid book deadline 1 June 2023 10 11 shortlisted cities 10 Broumov Ceske Budejovice2 TBA France application deadline 2 January 2023 shortlist pre selection 27 February 2023 12 potential candidate cities 13 Bastia Corsica Reims Rouen Roubaix Bourges Clermont Ferrand Banlieue Saint Denis Montpellier Nice Lens32 TBA TBA panel decision September 2023 14 shortlisted cities 14 Budva Skopje2029 TBA Poland application deadline 14 August 2023 15 potential candidates cities Bialystok Katowice 15 TBA Sweden application deadline 2 December 2023 16 2030 1 TBA Cyprus2 TBA Belgium potential candidate cities Brussels 17 Leuven 18 Liege Kortrijk Ghent32 TBA TBA2031 TBA Malta potential candidate cities Tarxien Cottonera Sliema amp GozoTBA Spain potential candidate cities Burgos Caceres Granada Jerez de la Frontera2032 TBA Bulgaria potential candidate cities Veliko TarnovoTBA Denmark potential candidate cities Naestved 19 2033 1 TBA Netherlands potential candidate city Enschede2 TBA Italy potential candidate city Turin 20 32 TBA TBA1 The European Capital of Culture was due to be in the UK in 2023 However due to its decision to leave the European Union UK cities would no longer be eligible to hold the title after 2019 The European Commission s Scotland office confirmed that this would be the case on 23 November 2017 only one week before the UK was due to announce which city would be put forward 21 The candidate cities were Dundee 22 Leeds Milton Keynes 23 Nottingham and a joint bid from Northern Irish cities Belfast Derry and Strabane 24 2 A new framework makes it possible for cities in candidate countries Albania Montenegro North Macedonia Serbia Turkey potential candidates for EU membership Bosnia and Herzegovina Kosovo or EFTA member states Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland to hold the title every third year as of 2021 This will be selected through an open competition meaning that cities from various countries may compete with each other 25 Athens Florence Amsterdam Berlin Paris Glasgow Dublin Madrid Antwerp Lisbon Luxembourg City Copenhagen Thessaloniki Stockholm Weimar Avignon Bergen Bologna Brussels Helsinki Krakow Prague Reykjavik Santiago de Compostela Rotterdam Porto Bruges Salamanca Graz Genoa Lille Cork Patras Sibiu Liverpool Stavanger Vilnius Linz Essen Istanbul Pecs Turku Tallinn Guimaraes Maribor Kosice Marseille Riga Umea Mons Plzen San Sebastian Wroclaw Aarhus Paphos Valletta Leeuwarden Plovdiv Matera Rijeka Galway Novi Sad Eleusis Timișoara Kaunas Esch sur Alzette Veszprem Tartu Bad Ischl Bodo Chemnitz Nova Gorica Oulu Trencin Liepaja Evoraclass notpageimage Locations of European Capitals of Culture Green designates current cities red is for past cities and blue for future cities See also Edit European Union portal Europe portalAmerican Capital of Culture In the Americas title awarded annually by American Capital of Culture Organization an NGO Arab Capital of Culture Arab League effort to promote and celebrate Arab culture European Green Capital Award Award for a European city based on its environmental record European Youth Capital One year city award European Region of Gastronomy Regional title University Network of the European Capitals of Culture International non profit associationReferences Edit Burksiene V Dvorak J Burbulyte Tsiskarishvili G 2018 Sustainability and Sustainability Marketing in Competing for the Title of European Capital of Culture Organizacija Vol 51 1 p 66 78 Archived 17 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Decision No 445 2014 EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 3 May 2014 Archived from the original on 21 December 2017 Retrieved 24 November 2017 European Capitals of Culture 2020 to 2033 A guide for cities preparing to bid PDF European Commission Archived PDF from the original on 3 June 2019 Retrieved 24 November 2017 Palmer Robert 2004 European Cities and Capitals of Culture Part I Archived 5 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Part II Archived 5 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine Study prepared for the European Commission Brexit blow to UK 2023 culture crown bids BBC News 23 November 2017 Archived from the original on 26 March 2018 Retrieved 23 November 2017 Kiran Klaus Patel ed The Cultural Politics of Europe European Capitals of Culture and European Union since the 1980s London Routledge 2013 History UNeECC Archived from the original on 17 July 2021 Retrieved 25 February 2021 Association of European Cities of Culture of the Year 2000 KRAKOW THE OPEN CITY www krakow pl Archived from the original on 1 March 2021 Retrieved 25 February 2021 Trencin to be the European Capital of Culture 2026 in Slovakia europa eu 10 December 2021 Archived from the original on 29 December 2021 Retrieved 29 December 2021 a b Soutez Evropske hlavni mesto kultury 2028 zna sve finalisty in Czech Ministry of Culture Czech Republic 14 October 2022 Retrieved 22 October 2022 APPEL a CANDIDATURE Capitale europeenne de la Culture 2028 Ministerstvo Kultury in Czech Retrieved 4 October 2022 Capitale europeenne de la Culture 2028 Ministere de la Culture in French Retrieved 14 October 2022 Ecoc 2028 Here are the first candidate cities Retrieved 14 October 2022 a b Two cities short listed to become European Capital of Culture 2028 in a candidate country European Commission 16 December 2022 Retrieved 18 December 2022 a b Poland 2029 there is the call Nominations starts ecocnews com 16 December 2022 Retrieved 10 January 2023 v Kulturradet in Swedish 16 December 2022 Retrieved 7 January 2023 Let s make Brussels the cultural capital of Europe Leuven stelt zich kandidaat als Europese Culturele Hoofdstad 2030 demorgen be 15 December 2017 Archived from the original on 19 September 2018 Retrieved 17 December 2017 Vild plan Vil gore Naestved til europaeisk kulturhovedstad 11 January 2022 Archived from the original on 8 February 2022 Retrieved 8 February 2022 Torino Capitale europea della Cultura nel 2033 Il Consiglio comunale dice si alla candidatura Torino Oggi 19 April 2021 Archived from the original on 21 April 2021 Retrieved 21 April 2021 Brady Jon 23 November 2017 Brexit destroys Dundee s hopes of being European Capital of Culture in 2023 Evening Telegraph Archived from the original on 23 November 2017 Retrieved 23 November 2017 Lorimer Scott The latest news and sport from Dundee Tayside and Fife Evening Telegraph Archived from the original on 19 June 2015 Retrieved 25 June 2017 European Capital of Culture www milton keynes gov uk Milton Keynes Council Archived from the original on 6 June 2017 Retrieved 12 January 2016 Meredith Robbie 5 July 2017 NI councils make bid for European Capital of Culture title BBC News Archived from the original on 9 July 2017 Retrieved 5 July 2017 European Capitals of Culture European Union 6 February 2021 Archived from the original on 2 March 2021 Retrieved 6 February 2021 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to European Capital of Culture European Capitals of Culture Decision No 1622 2006 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 establishing a Community action for the European Capital of Culture event for the years 2007 to 2019 Decision No 445 2014 EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 establishing a Union action for the European Capitals of Culture for the years 2020 to 2033 and repealing Decision No 1622 2006 EC Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title European Capital of Culture amp oldid 1132964439, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
