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Wikipedia

Dortmund

January 21, 2023

Dortmund (German: [ˈdɔʁtmʊnt] (listen); Westphalian Low German: Düörpm [ˈdyːœɐ̯pm̩]; Latin: Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the eighth-largest city of Germany, with a population of 588,250 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the largest city (by area and population) of the Ruhr, Germany's largest urban area with some 5.1 million inhabitants, as well as the largest city of Westphalia.[a] On the Emscher and Ruhr rivers (tributaries of the Rhine), it lies in the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region and is considered the administrative, commercial, and cultural center of the eastern Ruhr. Dortmund is the second-largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg.

Dortmund
City
From top: Skyline of the city, Lake Phoenix
Bodelschwingh Castle,
Opera House,
Altes Stadthaus
Dortmunder
City centre with St Reinold's Church,
Zollern II/IV Colliery
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Dortmund within North Rhine-Westphalia
Dortmund
Dortmund
Coordinates: 51°31′N 7°28′E / 51.517°N 7.467°E / 51.517; 7.467Coordinates: 51°31′N 7°28′E / 51.517°N 7.467°E / 51.517; 7.467
CountryGermany
StateNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. regionArnsberg
DistrictUrban district
Founded882
Government
 • Lord mayor (2020–25) Thomas Westphal[1] (SPD)
 • Governing partiesSPD
Area
 • City280.71 km2 (108.38 sq mi)
 • Metro
7,268 km2 (2,806 sq mi)
Elevation
86 m (282 ft)
Population
 (2021-12-31)[2]
 • City586,852
 • Density2,100/km2 (5,400/sq mi)
 • Urban
5,302,179 (Ruhr)
 • Metro
11,300,000 (Rhine-Ruhr)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
44001-44388
Dialling codes0231, 02304
Vehicle registrationDO
Websitewww.dortmund.de

Founded around 882,[3] Dortmund became an Imperial Free City. Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, and the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League. During the Thirty Years' War, the city was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization. The city then became one of Germany's most important coal, steel and beer centres. Dortmund consequently was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II. The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 destroyed 98% of buildings in the inner city center. These bombing raids, with more than 1,110 aircraft, hold the record to a single target in World War II.[4]

The region has adapted since the collapse of its century-long steel and coal industries and shifted to high-technology biomedical technology, micro systems technology, and also services. Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow,[5] ranked among the twelve innovation cities in European Union[6] and is the most sustainable and digital city in Germany.[7][8] Other key sectors include retail,[9] leisure and the visitor economy,[10] creative industries,[11] and logistics.[12] With its central station and airport, the third-busiest airport in North Rhine-Westphalia, Dortmund is an important transport junction, especially for the surrounding Ruhr area as well as Europe (Benelux countries), and with the largest canal port in Europe it has a connection to important seaports on the North Sea.[13]

Dortmund is home to many cultural and educational institutions, including the Technical University of Dortmund and Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, International School of Management and other educational, cultural and administrative facilities with over 49,000 students, many museums, such as Museum Ostwall, Museum of Art and Cultural History, German Football Museum, as well as theatres and music venues like the Konzerthaus or the Opera House of Dortmund. Nearly half the municipal territory consists of waterways, woodland, agriculture and green spaces with spacious parks such as Westfalenpark and Rombergpark. This stands in a stark contrast with nearly a hundred years of extensive coal mining and steel milling in the past. Borussia Dortmund is one of the most successful German football clubs.

History

See also: Timeline of Dortmund

Etymology

 
"Seal of Dortmund, the city of Westphalia" [SIGILLVM TREMONIE CIVITATIS WESTFALIE]

Dortmund was first mentioned in the Werden Abbey, which was built between 880 and 884. The Latin entry reads: In Throtmanni liber homo Arnold viii den nob solvit. (German: In Throtmanni zahlt uns der freie Mann Arnold 8 Pfennige and English: In Throtmanni the free man Arnold pays us 8 pfennigs)).[14] According to this, there are a large number of different names, but they all go back to the same phoneme stem. Their respective use in the sources appears arbitrary and random.

In the course of time the name changed many times: trut munia 899, Thortmanni, Trutmania, Trotmunni 939, Tremonia 1152. From the 13th century on, the Dortmunde appeared for the first time, but it was not until a few centuries later that it became generally accepted.

In the Middle Ages 1389, when the city had withstood the siege of 1200 knights under the leadership of the Archbishop of Cologne, it chose as its motto a saying that is still upheld today by traditional societies: So fast as Düörpm. (High German: As firm as Dortmund).

In the past, the city was called Dortmond in Dutch, Tremonia in Spanish and Trémoigne in Old French. However, these exonyms have fallen into disuse and the city is now internationally known by its German name of Dortmund. The common abbreviation for the name of the city is "DTM", the IATA code for Dortmund Airport.

Early history

 
Historical view of the German town of Dortmund by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg (between 1572 and 1618)

The Sigiburg was a hillfort in the South of present-day Dortmund, overlooking the River Ruhr near its confluence with the River Lenne. The ruins of the later Hohensyburg castle now stand on the site of the Sigiburg. The hillfort is presumably of Saxon origin, but there are no archeological or documentary proofs. During the Saxon Wars, it was taken by the Franks under Charlemagne in 772, retaken by the Saxons (possibly under Widukind) in 774, and taken again and refortified by Charlemagne in 775. Archaeological evidence suggests the Sigiburg site was also occupied in the Neolithic era.[15][16]

The first time Dortmund was mentioned in official documents was around 882 as Throtmanni – In throtmanni liber homo arnold[us] viii den[arios] nob[is] soluit [solvit].[3][17] In 1005 the "Ecclesiastical council" and in 1016 the"Imperial diet" met in Dortmund.[18]

Middle Ages and early modern period

 
St. Marys and St. Reinolds in 1470

After it was destroyed by a fire, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) had the town rebuilt in 1152 and resided there (among other places) for two years. In 1267 St. Mary's Church, Dortmund, and three years later in 1270 St. Reinold's Church first mentioned. The combination of crossroad, market place, administrative centre – town hall, made Dortmund an important centre in Westphalia. It became an Imperial Free City and one of the first cities in Europe with an official Brewing right in 1293.[19] Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries, it was the "chief city" of the Rhine, Westphalia, the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League.

 
Old market St. Reinolds

After 1320, the city appeared in writing as "Dorpmunde". In the years leading up to 1344, the English King even borrowed money from well-heeled Dortmund merchant families Berswordt and Klepping, offering the regal crown as security. In 1388, the Count of Mark joined forces with the Archbishop of Cologne and issued declarations of a feud against the town. Following a major siege lasting 18 months, peace negotiations took place and Dortmund emerged victorious. In 1400 the seat of the first Vehmic court (German: Freistuhl) was in Dortmund, in a square between two linden trees, one of which was known as the Femelinde. With the growing influence of Cologne during the 15th century, the seat was moved to Arnsberg in 1437. After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo-Hanseatic War (1470–74), Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine-Westphalian and Netherlands Circle. This favors the founding of one of the oldest schools in Europe in 1543 – Stadtgymnasium Dortmund [de].[19] In 1661 an earthquake made the Reinoldikirche collapse.

18th, 19th and early 20th centuries

 
Pre-industrial Dortmund in 1804

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss resolution in 1803, Dortmund was added to the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda, with as a result that it was no longer a free imperial city. William V, Prince of Orange-Nassau did not want stolen areas and therefore let his son Prince Willem Frederik (the later King William I of the Netherlands) take possession of the city and the principality. This prince held its entry on 30 June 1806, and as such the County of Dortmund then became part of the principality. On 12 July 1806, most of the Nassau principalities were deprived of their sovereign rights by means of the Rhine treaty. In October of the same year, the County of Dortmund was occupied by French troops and was added to the Grand Duchy of Berg on 1 March 1808. It is the capital of the Ruhr department. In 1808 Dortmund becomes capital of French satellite Ruhr (department).[18] At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the entire Grand Duchy of Berg, including Dortmund, was added to the Kingdom of Prussia. The state mining authority of the Ruhr area was founded in 1815 and moved from Bochum to Dortmund. Within the Prussian Province of Westphalia, Dortmund was a district seat within Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg until 1875, when it became an urban district within the region.

 
French troops in Dortmund c. 1923–1925

During the industrialisation of Prussia, Dortmund became a major centre for coal and steel. The town expanded into a city, with the population rising from 57,742 in 1875 to 379,950 in 1905. Sprawling residential areas like the North, East, Union and Kreuz district sprang up in less than 10 years. In 1920, Dortmund was one of the centres for resistance to the Kapp Putsch – a right-wing military coup launched against the Social Democratic-led government. Radical workers formed a Red Army who fought the freikorps units involved in the coup. On 11 January 1923, the Occupation of the Ruhr was carried out by the invasion of French and Belgian troops into the Ruhr. The French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré was convinced that Germany failed to comply the demands of the Treaty of Versailles. On the morning of 31 March 1923, it came to the sad culmination of this French-German confrontation.[20]

World War II

 
Photo of part of the city center area around Liebfrauen church in 1945

Under Nazi Germany, the Old Synagogue, which had opened in 1900, was destroyed in 1938. With a capacity of 1,300 seats, it was one of the largest Jewish houses of worship in Germany. Also, the Aplerbeck Hospital in Dortmund transferred mentally and/or physically disabled patients to the Hadamar Killing Facility as part of Aktion T4, where they were murdered. An additional 229 children were murdered in the "Children's Specialist Department", which was transferred from Marburg in 1941.

Bombing targets of the Oil Campaign of World War II in Dortmund included Hoesch-Westfalenhütte AG, the "Hoesch-Benzin GmbH" synthetic oil plant, and the Zeche Hansa.[21] The bombings destroyed about 66% of Dortmund homes.[22] The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 with 1,108 aircraft (748 Lancasters, 292 Halifaxes, 68 Mosquitos) destroyed 98% of buildings in the inner city center, and 4,851 tonnes of bombs were dropped on Dortmund city centre and the south of the city; this was a record for a single target in the whole of World War II.[4]

The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Dortmund in April 1945. The US 95th Infantry Division attacked the city on 12 April 1945 against a stubborn German defense. The division, assisted by close air support, advanced through the ruins in urban combat and completed its capture on 13 April 1945.[23]

Postwar period

 
 
Rebuilt and modern reconstruction around St. Reynolds

Post-war, most of the ancient buildings were not restored, and large parts of the city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the 1950s. A few historic buildings such as the main churches Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche were restored or rebuilt, and extensive parks and gardens were laid out. The simple but successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape. Dortmund was in the British zone of occupation of Germany, and became part of the new state (Land) of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946. The LWL-Industriemuseum was founded in 1969.[24] In 1987 the pit Minister Stein closed, marking the end of more than 150 years of coal mining. Dortmund[25] has since adapted, with its century-long steel and coal industries having been replaced by high-technology areas, including biomedical technology, micro systems technology, and services. This has led Dortmund to become a regional centre for hi-tech industry.

In 2001 a new era began for the district Hörde in Dortmund, 160 years of industrial history ended with the beginning of the Phoenix See. The development of the Phoenix See area was carried out by a subsidiary of the Stadtwerke AG. In 2005 the first cornerstone was laid on the Phoenix area. The work started with full speed to manage the work with over 2.5 million meters of ground motion and 420.000 cubic meters of ferroconcrete. On 1 October 2010, the largest and most highly anticipated milestone could be celebrated: the launch of the flooding of the Phoenix See. Since 9 May 2011, the fences disappeared and the Phoenix See has been completed.[26] In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow[5] and is the most sustainable city in Germany.[7]

On 3 November 2013, more than 20,000 people were evacuated after a 4,000-pound bomb from World War II was found. German authorities safely defused the bomb. The bomb was found after analysing old aerial photographs while searching for unexploded bombs dropped by Allied aircraft over Germany's industrial Ruhr region.[27]

Geography

Location

 
Emscher River in Dortmund

Dortmund is an independent city located in the east of the Ruhr area, one of the largest urban areas in Europe (see also: megalopolis), comprising eleven independent cities and four districts with some 5.3 million inhabitants. The city limits of Dortmund itself are 87 km (54 mi) long and border twelve cities, two independent and ten kreisangehörig (i.e., belonging to a district), with a total population of approximately 2.4 million. The following cities border Dortmund (clockwise starting from west): Bochum, Castrop-Rauxel, Waltrop, Lünen, Kamen, Unna, Holzwickede, Schwerte, Hagen, Herdecke and Witten. Historically speaking, Dortmund is a part of Westphalia which is situated in the Bundesland North Rhine-Westphalia. Moreover, Dortmund is part of Westphalian Lowland and adjoins with the Ardey Hills in the south of the city to the Sauerland.

The Ruhr forms the reservoir on the Hengsteysee next to the borough of Syburg in the south of Dortmund between the cities of Hagen and Herdecke, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The Klusenberg, a hill that is part of the Ardey range, is located just north of the Hengsteysee and the highest point of Dortmund 254.3 m (834 ft). There is also a pumped-storage plant on this reservoir, named Koepchenwerk. The lowest point can be found in the northern borough of Brechten at 48.9 m (160 ft).

The Emscher is a small river and has its wellspring in Holzwickede, east of the city of Dortmund, and flows west through Dortmund. Towns along the Emscher take in Dortmund, Castrop-Rauxel, Herne, Recklinghausen, Gelsenkirchen, Essen, Bottrop, Oberhausen and Dinslaken, where it flows into the Rhine.

Boroughs

 
Municipalities and neighbouring communities
 
Aerial view of urban Kreuzviertel

Dortmund comprises 62 neighbourhoods which in turn are grouped into twelve boroughs (called Stadtbezirke), often named after the most important neighbourhood. Three boroughs cover the area of the inner city (Innenstadt-West (City centre West), Innenstadt-Nord (City centre North), Innenstadt-Ost (City centre East)) and the remaining nine boroughs make up the surrounding area (Eving, Scharnhorst, Brackel, Aplerbeck, Hörde, Hombruch, Lütgendortmund, Huckarde, Mengede). Each Stadtbezirk is assigned a Roman numeral and has a local governing body of nineteen members with limited authority. Most of the boroughs were originally independent municipalities but were gradually annexed from 1905 to 1975. This long-lasting process of annexation has led to a strong identification of the population with "their" boroughs or districts and to a rare peculiarity: The borough of Hörde, located in the south of Dortmund and independent until 1928, has its own coat of arms.

The centre can be subdivided into historically evolved city districts whose borders are not always strictly defined, such as

  • Stadtzentrum (City centre)
  • Hafenviertel (Harbour Quarter)
  • Nordmarkt (Northern market)
  • Borsigplatz
  • Kaiserviertel (Emperor Quarter)
  • Kronenviertel (Crown Quarter)
  • Kreuzviertel (Cross Quarter)
  • Klinikviertel (Clinical Quarter)
  • Saarlandstraßenviertel (Saarland street Quarter)
  • Unionviertel (Union Quarter)
  • Gartenstadt (Garden Town)

Climate

Dortmund is situated in the temperate climate zone with oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb). Winters are cool; summers are warm. The average annual temperature lies at approximately 9 to 10 °C (48 to 50 °F), the total average annual amount of precipitation lies at approximately 800 mm (31 in). Precipitation evenly falls throughout the year; steady rain (with some snow), prevails in the wintertime, isolated showers dominate the summer season. Dortmund features characteristics of densely populated areas as for example the occurrence of urban heat islands is typical.[28]

Climate data for Dortmund
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.6
(58.3) 		18.5
(65.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		30.2
(86.4) 		34.4
(93.9) 		34.9
(94.8) 		36.8
(98.2) 		37.6
(99.7) 		33.4
(92.1) 		28.6
(83.5) 		20.1
(68.2) 		16.1
(61.0) 		37.6
(99.7)
Average high °C (°F) 4
(39) 		5
(41) 		9
(48) 		13
(55) 		18
(64) 		21
(70) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		19
(66) 		15
(59) 		9
(48) 		5
(41) 		14
(56)
Average low °C (°F) −1
(30) 		−1
(30) 		2
(36) 		4
(39) 		8
(46) 		11
(52) 		13
(55) 		13
(55) 		10
(50) 		7
(45) 		3
(37) 		1
(34) 		6
(42)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 65
(2.6) 		56
(2.2) 		53
(2.1) 		57
(2.2) 		68
(2.7) 		78
(3.1) 		93
(3.7) 		93
(3.7) 		67
(2.6) 		60
(2.4) 		71
(2.8) 		77
(3.0) 		838
(33.1)
Average rainy days 19 17 14 16 14 14 17 16 15 17 19 19 197
Source: Wetter Kontor[29]

Demographics

Dortmund's population grew rapidly in the time of the 19th century industrialisation when coal mining and steel processing in the city began. 1904 marks the year when Dortmund saw a population of more than 100,000 for the first time in its history. During the 19th century the area around Dortmund called Ruhr attracted up to 500,000 ethnic Poles, Masurians and Silesians from East Prussia and Silesia in a migration known as Ostflucht (flight from the east). Most of the new inhabitants came from Eastern Europe, but immigrants also came from France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Almost all their descendants today speak German as a mother tongue, and for various reasons they do not identify with their Polish roots and traditions, often only their Polish family names remaining as a sign of their past. Not taking the fluctuation of war years into account, the population figures rose constantly to 657,804 in 1965. As a result of the city's post-industrial decline, the population fell to just under 580,000 in 2011. Today with a population of 601.402 (2017) the City of Dortmund is the eighth largest city in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf. It is also the largest city in the Ruhr agglomeration.

Contrary to earlier projections, population figures have been on the rise in recent years due to net migration gains. Dortmund has seen a moderate influx of younger people (18 to 25 years of age) mainly because of its universities.[30] Data of the EU-wide 2011 census revealed massive inaccuracies with regard to German population figures. Consequently, respective figures have been corrected, which resulted in a statistical "loss" of 9,000 inhabitants in Dortmund.[31] In 2016 it was announced that the population was back above 600,000.[32]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
130010,000—    
14808,000−20.0%
16004,000−50.0%
17003,000−25.0%
18124,828+60.9%
187144,420+820.0%
1900142,733+221.3%
1910214,226+50.1%
1925321,743+50.2%
1939542,261+68.5%
1950507,349−6.4%
1961641,480+26.4%
1965657,804+2.5%
1970642,680−2.3%
1980608,297−5.3%
1990599,055−1.5%
2000588,994−1.7%
2011571,143−3.0%
2016585,813+2.6%
2019588,250+0.4%
source:[33][circular reference]
Largest groups of foreign residents[34]
Nationality Population (31 December 2016)
  Turkey 22,154
  Poland 9,988
  Syria 7,791
  Romania 4,561
  Greece 4,132
  Spain 3,623
  Italy 3,569
  Morocco 3,421
  Bulgaria 3,416
  Ukraine 2,420
  Iraq 2,229
  Croatia 2,103
  North Macedonia 2,034
  Russia 1,902
  Portugal 1,851
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,780
  Serbia 1,532
  China 1,304
  Hungary 1,284
  Kosovo 1,225

As of 2012, Dortmund had a population of 571,403 of whom about 177,000 (roughly 30%) were of non-German origin.[30] The table shows the number of first and second generation immigrants in Dortmund by nationality as of 31 December 2014.[35] As with much of the Ruhr area, Dortmund has sizable Turkish and South European communities (particularly Spanish), and had one of Germany's most visible Slavic populations.

Religion

As of 2014 the largest Christian denominations were Protestantism (49.9%) and Catholicism (27.4% of the population).[36] Furthermore, in Dortmund the Greek Orthodox Church, the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Macedonian Orthodox Church are represented. The Church of the Holy Apostles (gre. I.N. Αγίων Αποστόλων Ντόρτμουντ – I.N. Agíon Apostólon Dortmund) was the first Greek church in Germany to be founded due to the influx of "guest workers". Also Dortmund is home of the New Apostolic Church in North Rhine-Westphalia with more than 84,944 community members.

The Jewish community has a history dating back to Medieval times and has always ranked among the largest in Westphalia. Dortmund is home to the National Association of Jewish Communities of Westfalen-Lippe. The synagogues operate there in City center, Hörde and Dorstfeld. Due to the growing immigration of people from Muslim countries beginning in the 1960s. Dortmund has a large Muslim community with more than 30 mosques.

In June 2019 Dortmund hosted the 37th Evangelischer Kirchentag – German Evangelical Church Assembly.[37]

Government and politics

 
Dortmund coat of arms
 
Townhall Dortmund
 
Townhall Aplerbeck, one of twelve district councils

Dortmund is one of nineteen independent district-free cities (kreisfreie Städte) in North Rhine-Westphalia, which means that it does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity, in this case it is not part of a Landkreis. Since 1975, Dortmund is divided into twelve administrative districts. Each district (Bezirk) has its own elected district council (Bezirksvertretung) and its own district mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). The district councils are advisory only.

Dortmund is often called the Herzkammer der SPD (roughly translated as "heartland of the Social democrats") after the politically dominant party in the city. During the Nazi era (1933–1945), mayors were installed by the Nazi Party. After World War II, the military government of the British occupation zone installed a new mayor and a municipal constitution modeled on that of British cities. The first major elected by the population of Dortmund was Fritz Henßler. Since the end of the war, the SPD has held a plurality in the city council, except for the period from 1999 to 2004.

Mayor

 
Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election

The current Mayor of Dortmund is Thomas Westphal of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who was elected in 2020.

The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:

Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Thomas Westphal Social Democratic Party 75,565 35.9 75,884 52.1
Andreas Hollstein Christian Democratic Union 54,505 25.9 69,876 47.9
Daniela Schneckenburger Alliance 90/The Greens 46,015 21.8
Utz Kowalewski The Left 9,351 4.4
Michael Kauch Free Democratic Party 6,538 3.1
Bernd Schreyner The Right 6,274 3.0
Judith Storb Die PARTEI 5,019 2.4
Carl Hendri Draub Independent 2,552 1.2
Christian Gebel Pirate Party Germany 1,897 0.9
Detlef Münch Free Citizens' Initiative 1,512 0.7
Günther Ziethoff Grassroots Democracy Now 1,016 0.5
Dave Varghese German Communist Party 415 0.2
Valid votes 210,659 99.1 145,760 99.0
Invalid votes 1,950 0.9 1,529 1.0
Total 212,609 100.0 147,289 100.0
Electorate/voter turnout 451,925 47.0 451,710 32.6
Source: State Returning Officer 27 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine

City council

 
Results of the 2020 city council election

The Dortmund city council (Dortmunder Stadtrat) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

Party Votes % +/- Seats +/-
Social Democratic Party (SPD) 63,096 30.0   8.2 27   9
Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) 52,241 24.8   9.4 22   7
Christian Democratic Union (CDU) 47,405 22.5   4.7 20   6
The Left (Die Linke) 11,825 5.6   1.2 5   1
Alternative for Germany (AfD) 11,547 5.5   2.1 5   2
Free Democratic Party (FDP) 7,345 3.5   1.0 3   1
Die PARTEI (PARTEI) 5,851 2.8   2.6 3   3
The Right (Die Rechte) 2,369 1.1   0.1 1 ±0
Human Environment Animal Protection (Tierschutz) 1,995 0.9 New 1 New
Pirate Party Germany (Piraten) 1,848 0.9   1.5 1   1
Alliance for Diversity and Tolerance (BVT) 1,737 0.8 New 1 New
Citizens' List (Bürgerliste) 1,359 0.6 New 1 New
Free Citizens' Initiative (FBI) 1,087 0.5 New 0 New
Grassroots Democracy Now 560 0.3 New 0 New
Digital Ecological Social (DOS) 219 0.1 New 0 New
Heinz Augat – Together 53 0.0 New 0 New
We in Dortmund 39 0.0 New 0 New
German Communist Party (DKP) 16 0.0   0.1 0 ±0
Valid votes 210,592 99.0
Invalid votes 2,047 1.0
Total 212,639 100.0 90   4
Electorate/voter turnout 451,925 47.1   2.2
Source: State Returning Officer 27 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Dortmund is twinned with:[38]

Cityscape

 
Dortmund with RWE-Tower and churches of Reinoldi, Petri and Marien on the right

Dortmund's city centre offers a picture full of contrasts. Historic buildings like Altes Stadthaus or the Krügerpassage rub shoulders with post-war architecture like Gesundheitshaus and concrete constructions with Romanesque churches like the Reinoldikirche and the Marienkirche. The near-complete destruction of Dortmund's city centre during World War II (98%) has resulted in a varied architectural landscape. The reconstruction of the city followed the style of the 1950s, while respecting the old layout and naming of the streets. The downtown of Dortmund still retains the outline of the medieval city. A ring road marks the former city wall, and the Westen-/Ostenhellweg, part of a medieval salt trading route, is still the major (pedestrian) street bisecting the city centre.

Thus, the city today is characterized by simple and modest post-war buildings, with a few interspersed pre-war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance. Some buildings of the "Wiederaufbauzeit" (era of reconstruction), for example the opera house are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture.[39]

Urban districts

Unlike the Dortmund city centre, much of the inner districts around the old medieval centre escaped damage in the second world war and post war redevelopment.

Kreuzviertel

 
Typical Wilhelminian style houses

The Kreuzviertel is characterised by old buildings, the majority of which come from the turn of the 20th century (1884 to 1908). Over 80% of all housing in this area was constructed before 1948, with the oldest building the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts still standing being from 1896. In the second World War, relatively few buildings were destroyed in comparison to other areas of the city. Today, Kreuzviertel forms a nearly homogeneous historic building area. Over 100 buildings remain protected as historic monuments, like the Kreuzkirche at Kreuzstraße and the first Concrete Church in Germany St.-Nicolai. Nowadays the Kreuzviertel is a trendy district with pubs, restaurants, cafés, galleries and little shops. Moreover, local efforts to beautify and invigorate the neighbourhood have reinforced a budding sense of community and artistic expression. The West park is the green lung of the Kreuzviertel and in the months between May and October a centre of the student urban life. The district has the highest real estate prices in Dortmund.[40]

Even today many artists choose Kreuzviertel as their residence: Sascha Schmitz, Christina Hammer and players of Borussia Dortmund.

Nordstadt

 
Dockland – young restaurant and bars scene

The northern downtown part of Dortmund called Nordstadt, situated in a territory of 14.42 km2 (5.57 sq mi) is shaped by a colorful variety of cultures. As the largest homogeneous old building area in Ruhr the Nordstadt is a melting pot of different people of different countries and habits just a few steps from the city center. The Nordstadt is an industrial urban area that was mainly developed in the 19th Century to serve the Westfalenhütte steelworks, port and rail freight depot. All of the residents live in a densely populated 300 hectare area (the most densely populated residential area in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia with steelworks, port and railway lines acting as physical barriers cutting off the area from the city centre and other residential districts).[41]

The area has been badly affected by the deindustrialisation of these heavy industries, with the target area developing a role as the home for growing numbers of immigrants and socially disadvantaged groups partly because of the availability of cheaper (although poor quality) accommodation.[42] Nevertheless, two parks – Fredenbaumpark and Hoeschpark – are situated there. There is also much equipment for children to spend their free time. For example, the 35 meters high Big Tipi, which was brought in from the Expo 2000 in Hanover. All of that should attract families to settle in, but low prices of apartments and a variety of renting offers speak for the contrary. This developed into the youngest population of Dortmund is living and created a district with art house cinemas to ethnic stores, from exotic restaurants to student pubs.[41]

The Borsigplatz is probably one of the best known squares in Germany. Ballspielverein Borussia Dortmund was founded nearby, north-east of the main railway station. The streets radiating outward to form a star shape, the sycamore in the middle of the square and the tramline running diagonally across the square give Borsigplatz its very own flair.[43]

Kaiserviertel

 
Cherry Blossom Avenue

The Kaiserstraßen District is located east of the former ramparts of Dortmund and follows the course of the Westenhellweg. In this district numerous magnificent buildings from the 1900s and new buildings from the 1950s are located next to the heritage-protected State Mining Office Dortmund, several Courts, Consulate and the East Cemetery. The district is characterize by the employee of the Amtsgericht, Landgericht (the first and second instances of ordinary jurisdiction) and the Prison.

Today the historical Kaiserbrunnen and the entrance sign for Kaiserstraße are important starting points for a tour to the popular shopping district. The Moltkestreet also known as the Cherry Blossom Avenue, became famous after photographers started posting pictures of blooming trees. Every spring, usually in April, the street in the Kaiserstraßen district is booming with pink blossoms and attracts tourists.

Unionviertel

 
Rheinische Straße

The Union District is located west of the former ramparts of Dortmund and follows the course of the Westenhellweg. For a long time, the neighbourhood at the Dortmunder U and along the Rheinische Straße was marked by vacancy and social distortion due to structural change. Today it is developing an inspiring young artist scene, with more and more students thanks to cheaper apartments near the university and a vibrant gastronomy. This development benefits strongly from the new, widely visible beacon, the art and creative centre Dortmunder U, opened in 2010. Yet, for a time, it was mainly the Union Gewerbehof activists and other single stakeholders who initiated change.[44]

Hörde on Lake Phoenix

 
Hörde castle

Hörde is borough in the south of the city of Dortmund. Originally Hörde was a separate town (until 1929) and was founded by the Counts of Mark in opposition to their principal enemy, the town of Dortmund. In 1388, the "Großen Dortmunder Fehde" (great feud of Dortmund) took place, where the city of Dortmund battled against the alliance of surrounding towns. The struggle ended in 1390, with defeat for Hörde and its allies of Herdecke, Witten, Bochum, Castrop, Lünen, Unna und Schwerte. Today Hörde is a part of Dortmund with restored old buildings combined with modern architecture. The Hörder Burg (Hörde castle) was built in the 12th century and is located in the east of the town, close to the Emscher and Lake Phoenix.

Lake Phoenix was one of the largest urban redevelopment projects in Europe. On the area of the former blast furnace and steel plant site of ThyssenKrupp newly formed and developed a new urban resident and recreational area 3 kilometers (2 miles) from the city centre of Dortmund. The development of the Phoenix See area cost €;170 million.[45] The lake is 1.2 km long directed to east–west and 320 meters wide in north–south direction. The water surface area of 24 acres is larger than the Hamburg Alster. Lake Phoenix is a shallow water lake with a depth of 3 to 4 meters and a capacity of around 600,000 cubic meters. Attractive high priced residential areas were thus created on the southern and northern sides of the Lake. On the western lakeside, the existing district centre of Hörde is enlarged by a city port and a mixed functional urban area.

Companies with agencies and offices on the lakefront include:

The finished sole is primarily fed by groundwater and unpolluted rainwater from the new building sites.[46] The River Emscher flows through an embanked riverbed without direct link to the Lake. Together with the renatured Emscher, the Lake forms a water landscape of 33 hectares, which, as a linking area, is an important element of the Emscher landscape park. The renaturation of the Emscher River is managed by the public water board Emschergenossenschaft. The financial frame is 4.5 billion Euro and the aim is to finish the main work by 2020.[47]

  •  

    Oldtown Hörde

  •  

    Lake Phoenix

  •  

    Port Promenade

  •  

    Kaiser Hill

Churches

 
Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche
  • Reinoldikirche, a Protestant church (built in 1233–1450)
  • Petrikirche [de], a now Protestant church (start of construction 1322). It is famous for the huge carved altar (known as "Golden Miracle of Dortmund"), from 1521. It consists of 633 gilt carved oak figures depicting 30 scenes about Easter.
  • Marienkirche, a now Protestant church originally built in 1170–1200 but rebuilt after World War II. The altar is from 1420.
  • Propsteikirche, Monastery of the Dominican Order in the city center (built in 1331–1353)
  • St. Georg, Aplerbeck, the only Romanesque cross basilica of Dortmund
  • Große Kirche Aplerbeck, a Gothic revival church
  • St. Peter in Syburg suburb, the oldest church building in the city limits
  • Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche, a Protestant church (start of construction 1911)
  • St.-Margareta Chapel, a Protestant chapel built in 1348

Castles

  • Haus Bodelschwingh (13th century), a moated castle
  • Haus Dellwig (13th century), a moated castle partly rebuilt in the 17th century. The façade and the steep tower, and two half-timbered buildings, are original.
  • Haus Rodenberg (13th century), a moated castle
  • Altes Stadthaus, built in 1899 by Friedrich Kullrich
  • Romberg Park Gatehouse (17th century), once a gatehouse to a moated castle. Now it houses an art gallery.
  • Husen Castle, the tower house of a former castle, in the borough of Syburg.
  •  

    Moated castle Bodelschwingh

  •  

    Bodelschwingh garden

  •  

    Bodelschwingh bridge

Industrial buildings

The most industrial building in Dortmund are part of the Industrial Heritage Trail (German: Route der Industriekultur). The trail links tourist attractions related to the industrial heritage in the whole Ruhr area in Germany.[48] It is a part of the European Route of Industrial Heritage.

Cultural buildings

Other important buildings

  • Florianturm, (television tower Florian)
  • Westfalenstadion: Football ground of Borussia Dortmund, licensed until 2021 under the name Signal Iduna Park[49]
  • Close to Westfalenstadion are the Westfalenhallen, a large convention centre, the site of several major conventions, trade fairs, ice-skating competitions, concerts and other major events since the 1950s.
  • Steinwache memorial

High-rise structures

Dortmund tallest structure is the Florianturm telecommunication tower at 266 m or 873 ft. Other tall buildings are the churches around the city centre. A selection of the tallest office buildings in Dortmund is listed below.

  • RWE Tower (100 metre-high skyscraper)
  • Westnetz Hochhaus Dortmund (100 metre-high skyscraper)
  • Westfalentower (88 metre-high skyscraper)
  • Harenberg City-Center (86 metre-high skyscraper)
  • Sparkassen-Hochhaus (70 metre-high skyscraper)
  • IWO-Hochhaus(70 metre-high skyscraper)
  • Ellipson (66 metre-high skyscraper)
  • Volkswohl Bund Hochhaus (60 metre-high skyscraper)
  •  

    RWE Tower

  •  

    HCC

  •  

    IWO Tower

  •  

    Ellipson

Transportation

Road transport

 
The Ruhrschnellweg Section East Dortmund

Dortmund also serves as a major European and German crossroads for the Autobahnsystem. The Ruhrschnellweg follows old Hanseatic trade routes to connect the city with the other metropolises of the Ruhr Area. It crosses the Dutch-German border as a continuation of the Dutch A67 and crosses the Rhine, leads through the Ruhr valley toward Bochum, becoming B 1 (Bundesstraße 1) at the Kreuz Dortmund West and eventually merging into the A 44 near Holzwickede. It has officially been named Ruhrschnellweg (Ruhr Fast Way), but locals usually call it Ruhrschleichweg (Ruhr Crawling Way) or "the Ruhr area's longest parking lot". According to Der Spiegel, it is the most congested motorway in Germany.

Connections to more distant parts of Germany are maintained by Autobahn routes A1 and A2, which traverse the north and east city limits and meet at the Kamener Kreuz interchange north-east of Dortmund. In combination with the Autobahn A45 to the west these form the Dortmund Beltway (Dortmunder Autobahnring).

Cycling

Cycling in Dortmund is supported by urban planners – an extensive network of cycle paths exists which had its beginnings in the 1980s. Dortmund was admitted to the German "Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle-Friendly Cities and Municipalities in NRW" (AGFS) on August 8, 2007. Dortumund is connected to a number of long-distance cycle paths and a Bike freeway called the Radschnellweg Ruhr (Ruhr Area Fast Cycle Path).

Rail transport

 
Dortmund central railway station

As with most communes in the Ruhr area, local transport is carried out by a local, publicly owned company for transport within the city, the DB Regio subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn for regional transport and Deutsche Bahn itself for long-distance journeys. The local carrier, Dortmunder Stadtwerke (DSW21), is a member of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR) association of public transport companies in the Ruhr area, which provides a uniform fare structure in the whole region. Within the VRR region, tickets are valid on lines of all members as well as DB's railway lines (except the high-speed InterCity and Intercity-Express networks) and can be bought at ticket machines and service centres of DSW21, all other members of VRR, and DB.

The central train station (Dortmund Hauptbahnhof) is the third largest long-distance traffic junction in Germany. Dortmund has a railway service with Deutsche Bahn InterCity and ICE-trains stopping at Dortmund Hauptbahnhof (Dortmund Main Station). ICE and TGV Thalys high-speed trains link Dortmund with Amsterdam, Brussels (in 2h 30) and Paris (in 3h 50). There are frequent ICE trains to other German cities, including Frankfurt am Main, Berlin and other cities in the Rhein-Ruhr Region.

Public transportation

For public transportation, the city has an extensive Stadtbahn and bus system. The Stadtbahn has eight lines (U41 to U47 and U49) serving Dortmund and the large suburb of Lünen in the north. The trains that run on the line are in fact lightrails as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground further from the city centre. The minimum service interval is 2.5 minutes, although the usual pattern is that each line runs at 5 to 10 minute intervals. On Sundays the trains run at a 15 minute interval. In April 2008, the newly constructed east–west underground light rail line was opened, completing the underground service in the city centre and replacing the last trams on the surface.[50]

A number of bus lines complete the Dortmund public transport system. Night buses replace Stadtbahn services between 1:30 am and 7:30 am on weekends and public holidays. The central junction for the night bus service is Reinoldikirche in the city centre, where all night bus lines start and end.

The H-Bahn at Dortmund University of Technology is a hanging monorail built specifically to shuttle passengers between the university's two campuses,[51] which are now also flanked by research laboratories and other high-tech corporations and startups. A nearly identical monorail system transfers passengers at Düsseldorf Airport.[52]

Air transport

Dortmund Airport is a medium-sized, but fast growing airport 13 km (8.1 mi) east of the city centre at the city limit to Holzwickede.[53] The airport serves the area of the Ruhrgebiet, Sauerland, Westphalia and parts of the Netherlands and features flights to Munich, London, Vienna, Porto and a lot of eastern European city and leisure destinations. The airport is served by an express bus to Dortmund main station, a shuttle bus to the nearby railway station Holzwickede/Dortmund Flughafen, a bus to the city's metro line U47, as well as a bus to the city of Unna.

In 2019, the airport served 2,719,563 passengers[54] mainly used for low-cost and leisure charter flights. The closest intercontinental airport is Düsseldorf Airport.

Water transport

Dortmund Harbour (Hafen) is the largest canal harbour in Europe and the 11th fluvial harbour in Germany.

Economy

 
Central business district "Wallring"
 
Central Business District "Rheinlanddamm"
 
Future location Lake Phoenix and Phoenix-East

Dortmund has adapted since the collapse of its century long steel, coal and beer industries. The region has shifted to high technology, robotics, biomedical technology, micro systems technology, engineering, tourism, finance, education, services and is thus one of the most dynamic new-economy cities in Germany. In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow.[5]

Hundreds of SMEs are still based in and around Dortmund (often termed Mittelstand). Dortmund is also home to a number of medium-sized information technology companies,[55] many linked to the local university TU Dortmund at the first technology center in Germany named "Technologiepark Dortmund" opened in the 1980s. With around 280 companies like Boehringer Ingelheim and Verizon Communications and more than 8,500 employees, TechnologiePark Dortmund is one of the most successful technology parks in Europe. The city works closely with research institutes, private universities, and companies to collaborate on the commercialisation of science initiatives.[56] Furthermore, 680 IT and software companies with 12,000 employees are based in Dortmund, making the city one of Germany's biggest software locations. Two of the top 10 IT service providers in Germany are based in Dortmund – adesso SE and Materna Group.[57]

Dortmund is home to many insurance companies e.g. Signal Iduna, Continentale Krankenversicherung, Bundesinnungskrankenkasse Gesundheit (BIG direkt) and Volkswohl Bund. In recent years a service sector and high-tech industry have grown up. Some of its most prominent companies of these sectors include Amprion and RWE-Westnetz (Electricity), Rhenus Logistics (Logistics), Wilo, KHS GmbH, Elmos Semiconductor, ABP Induction Systems, Nordwest Handel AG – all of whom have their headquarters here. Companies with operations in or around Dortmund include Zalando, Daimler AG: EvoBus, RapidMiner, Gap Inc. and ThyssenKrupp.

Dortmund is also the headquarter of Century Media Records, a heavy metal record label with offices in the United States and London. In August 2015, Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US$17 million.[58]

Tourism

 
Cityring Concert, Freedom Square

Tourism in Dortmund is a fast-growing economic factor every year: new overnight records can be announced, new hotels open and new visitor magnets are added.[59] Starting in the mid-1990s, Dortmund, formerly an industrial centre, saw rapid development that expanded its cultural and tourism possibilities, and transformed it into a newly vibrant city. An important strategic step was the start of construction the new Konzerthaus Dortmund, the reuse of vacant old industrial buildings like the Zollern II/IV Colliery, Kokerei Hansa, Dortmund U-Tower and the strategic reorientation of the Dortmund Christmas market with over 300 stalls packed around a gigantic Christmas tree creation that stands 45 metres tall – reputed to be the biggest in the world. A new Tourist Information center right next to the U-Tower, gives visitors a quick overview of the tourist attractions in the City and Ruhr Area.[60] Today Dortmund is with more than 1.450.528 (2017) overnight stays one of the most popular destinations in North Rhine-Westphalia.[61]

The majority of tourists are domestic visitors, coming from Germany. International travellers arrive from the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Austria and Switzerland. Dortmund also draws business tourism, having been equipped with facilities like WILO, Amprion next to Westfalenhallen and football tourism with Fans of Borussia Dortmund.[62] The top 5 most visited attractions were the Christmas market, with more than three and a half million visitors, Signal Iduna Park, Deutsches Fußballmuseum, Dortmund U-Tower, Zollern II/IV Colliery and Westfalenpark.[63]

Shopping

The Westenhellweg is a popular shopping destination and with nearly 13,000 visitors per hour it was Germany's most frequented shopping street in 2013.[64] During the Middle Ages, Dortmund was the only free imperial city in Westphalia, having already been regarded as an important centre of trade. Today some of the most reputed shops, department stores have stores here. It is a pedestrian-only area and is bordered by the Reinoldikirche in the east and U-Tower in the west. The Westenhellweg has one of the highest rents for retail and office space in North Rhine-Westphalia.[65] 85 percent of the shops are retail chains such as H&M, Saturn, Esprit, Zara or NewYorker. In 2009 a new shopping mall named Thier-Galerie opened, with nearly 100 stores and chains, including; Armani, Adidas, Diesel and Hollister.

Three more shopping malls occupy the Thier-Galerie; Galeria Kaufhof and Karstadt, as well as large fashion retail clothing stores from Peek & Cloppenburg and C&A. During the month before Christmas, the extended pedestrian-only zone is host to Dortmund Christmas Market, one of the largest and oldest Christmas markets in Germany. With more than 3.5 million visitors and 300 stalls around a gigantic Christmas tree that stands 45 metres tall, it is one of the most visited and popular market in the world.[66]

In close proximity to the Dortmund concert hall lies the Brückstraßenviertel – a quarter hub especially for young people. The "Rue de Pommes Frites", which is what the Dortmund citizens have called the Brückstraße, has turned into a modern shopping promenade, geared towards a younger market.

For a long time, the Kampstraße had a shadowy existence as a parallel street to the Westenhellweg and Ostenhellweg, but it has become a grand boulevard containing specialist stores. Right next to the Kampstraße is the Kleppingstraße – a shopping street with a high concentration of gastronomy and expensive, prestigious shops like van Laack, Lindner Fashion, Marc Cain. It is located between the Ostenhellweg and Neutor to Wallring.

Port and logistics

 
Logistic Hub Harbour

Dortmund is one of the most important logistic hubs in Germany, more than 900 companies working in logistics, as well as nationally and internationally recognised scientific institutes. Dortmund Port which terminates the Dortmund-Ems Canal connecting Dortmund to the North Sea is the biggest European canal port with 10 docks and a pier length of 11 km. The variety of different activities taking place at the Fraunhofer Institute Material Flow and Logistics (Fraunhofer Society) has, over the past few years, led to a bundling of skills in the areas of logistics and digitalisation in the city. Industry-based initiatives and pilot projects, such as the Hybrid Services in Logistics innovation lab, the efficiency cluster LogistikRuhr, Industrial Data Space, the Dortmund Mittelstand 4.0 Centre of Excellence, and the enterprise labs. The Digital Hub for Logistics of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action is based in Dortmund and twinned with Hamburg.

Companies with big logistic hubs for Germany and Europe in Dortmund include:

Fairs

Dortmund is home to Germany's twelve biggest exhibition centre, Halls of Westphalia which lies near the city center next to Dortmund Airport. With around 77.000 visitors each year, Jagd & Hund is by far the largest event held there. Other important fairs open to consumers include "Intermodelbau", the world's biggest consumer fair for model making, and one of the leading fairs for youth culture "YOU". Important fairs restricted to professionals include "D.I.M" (Deutsche Immobilienmesse, German property fair), Creativa (Hobby) and InterTabac (Tabaco).[67]

  •  

    Messe-Dortmund-Logo

  •  

    Main Hall

  •  

    Rosenterassen south entrance

  •  

    Headquarter

Federal Agency and public organisations

Dortmund is home of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Material Testing Office of North Rhine-Westphalia material and the main customs office.

Consulates

As a profoundly international city, Dortmund hosts diplomatic missions (consulates and consulates-general) of Italy,[68] Greece,[69] Bangladesh,[70] Ghana,[71] South Africa,[72] the Czech Republic,[72] and Slovenia.[73]

Courts

Several courts are located in Dortmund, including:

  • Landgericht Dortmund (Regional Court Dortmund)
  • Amtsgericht Dortmund (Local Court Dortmund)
  • Sozialgericht Dortmund (Social Court Dortmund)
  • Arbeitsgericht Dortmund (Employment Court Dortmund)

Media

 
Harenberg City Center

Newspapers

Two important daily newspapers are published in and around Dortmund. The conservative Ruhr Nachrichten, also known as RN, was founded in 1949. The RN has a circulation of over 225,000 copies daily. The other important newspaper, the Westfälische Rundschau, was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181,000. The WR is published by Germany's third largest newspaper and magazine publisher Funke Mediengruppe.

Magazines

Several magazines also originate from Dortmund. The Rock Rock hard (magazine) is a metal and hard rock magazine, with subsidiaries in various countries worldwide, including France, Spain, Brazil/Portugal, Italy and Greece.Visions is a German music magazine with a circulation of approximately 35,000.

Radio and TV

 
Westfalentower, regional studio of Sat.1

The Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR, West German Broadcasting Cologne has a sizable studio in Dortmund, which is responsible for the east Ruhr area. Each day, it produces a 30-minute regional evening news magazine (called Lokalzeit Ruhr), a 5-minute afternoon news programme, and several radio news programmes. A local broadcasting station called Radio 91.2 went "on-the-air" in the early 1990s. Sat.1 have a regional studio in Dortmund. The City stands alongside London and Paris as one of the three head offices of Global Tamil Vision and GTV-Deutschland.[74]

Two big Radio Channels of Westdeutscher Rundfunk are sending from Dortmund.

  • WDR 2, featuring adult-oriented popular music, focuses strongly on national and regional news, current affairs, and sport.
  • WDR 4 (motto: Meine Lieblingshits, "my favourite hits") is a channel aimed chiefly towards an older audience.[75] Its focus is on tuneful music – in particular, oldies and classic hits:[76] popular music of the 1960s to the 1980s or later – with more specialized programming (operetta, country, folk) in the evenings. Around 30–40% of WDR 4's musical output is made up of German-language songs.

Other radio broadcasters include Radio NRW and eldoradio*.

Film

The films Trains'n'Roses, Bang Boom Bang, Oi! Warning, Do Fish Do It?, If It Don't Fit, Use a Bigger Hammer, Guys and Balls, Goldene Zeiten, Marija and television series Tatort, Balko, Helden der Kreisklasse and more German movies like The Crocodiles [de], Die Libelle und das Nashorn, Ein Schnitzel für alle, Young Light [de] and Radio Heimat [de] were filmed in the city.

Education

Dortmund has 160 schools and 17 business, technical colleges teach more than 85,000 pupils. The city has a 4-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students continue to the Hauptschule, Realschule, Gesamtschule or Gymnasium (college preparatory school). The Stadtgymnasium Dortmund which was founded in 1543 as Archigymnasium is one of the oldest schools in Europe.[77] The Leibniz Gymnasium, a bilingual public school located in the Kreuzviertel district, is particularly popular with children of the English-speaking expatriate community. The school is an International Baccalaureate school.[78] The Goethe-Gymnasium was founded in 1867 as the first school offering higher education to girls in the city. It has been a NRW Sportschule, focused on sports, from 2009.

Higher education

TU Dortmund (Technical University of Dortmund) was founded in 1968 and is located in the southern part of the city. It has about 30,000 students and offers a wide range of subjects in of physics, electrical engineering, chemistry, spatial planning and economics. The university has a dedicated railroad station at the campus's main gate, the journey from the city center lasting merely seven minutes. The university is highly ranked in terms of its research performance in the areas of physics, electrical engineering, chemistry and economics.[79] The university's most noticeable landmark is the H-Bahn, a monorail train which connects the north and south campuses.

Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts is a Fachhochschule with 12,300 students, and 669 staff, 232 of which are professors. The Fachhochschule was created by a merger of several institutions of higher learning in 1971. Owing to its history as separate institutions, it consists of three campuses in different parts of Dortmund. The departments of mechanical and electrical engineering are located at Sonnenstraße near the city center. The department of design has its own campus at Max-Ophüls-Platz while the departments of social work, economics, computer science and architecture are housed in several buildings next to the Technical University of Dortmund campus in the suburb of Eichlinghofen. Additional offices in the city centre are used for administrative purposes.

The city is the site of several other universities, colleges and academies, which attract about 45,000 students.[35] Among them there are:

  • FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management, Standort Dortmund: Academy for management, founded in 1993.
  • Fachhochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-Westfalen: Academy for public administration.
  • International School of Management: Private academy focussing on management and economics, founded in 1990.
  • IT-Center Dortmund: Private college founded in 2000.
  • International University of Applied Sciences Bad Honnef – Bonn: is a private, state-recognised university of business and management

Research

The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities.[80][citation needed]

Livability and quality of life

 
Dortmund is one of the least stressful cities in the world.

In November 2017, according to a study by data of the German National Statistics Office, the National Employment Agency, Mercer, Handelsblatt, Numbeo and Immowelt, Dortmund was ranked on position seven of the most livable cities in Germany for expats.[81] In September 2017, The New York Times praised the city of Dortmund, which has been adapting since the collapse of its century-old steel and coal industries and has shifted to high technology biomedical technology, micro systems technology and other services, as the hidden star of structural change providing a good quality of life for employees.[82] According to the 2017 Global Least & Most Stressful Cities Ranking Dortmund is one of the least stressful cities in the world. It's ranked 27th out of 150, between Copenhagen and Vancouver, and is highly ranked in the categories traffic & public transport, gender equality and debt per capital.[83]

Like a Phoenix Rising from the Ashes and exemplary for structural transformation – This was the title of an article in the online version on Neue Zürcher Zeitung of the urban livability and new exceptional architecture in Dortmund.[84]

In a 2015/2016 survey centred on student life in Germany, Dortmund ranked as seventh-best.[85]

In a 2012 study of the most livable biggest cities in Germany, Dortmund ranked on position ten between Nuremberg and Stuttgart and first of all large cities in Germany due to sport, gastronomy and shopping opportunities.[86]

In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow[5] and in 2014 acclaimed as the most sustainable city in Germany.[7]

Culture

 
The new opera house is one of the biggest theaters in Germany.
 
The Konzerthaus Dortmund is one of the most outstanding concert halls in Europe.

The city has a long tradition of music and theatre. The orchestra was founded in 1887 and is now called Dortmunder Philharmoniker. The first opera house was built in 1904, destroyed in World War II and opened again in 1966 as Opernhaus Dortmund. It is operated by Theater Dortmund together with other locations, including (since 2002) the Konzerthaus Dortmund. The Konzerthaus Dortmund is listed in the ECHO list as one of the 21 most outstanding concert halls in Europe.[87]

The Domicil Jazz Club is one of the "100 best jazz venues world wide" according to the American jazz magazine DownBeat.[88]

The Dortmund U-Tower, which was once a brewery, is now European centre for creative economy and the Museum am Ostwall. The area around the U-Tower called "Union Viertel" is part of the Creative.Quarters Ruhr and are rooted in the European Capital of Culture RUHR.2010.

Dortmund leading cabaret-stage is the Cabaret Queue, which is located next to Lake phoenix. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Fletch Bizzel and the theatre Olpktetal. The most important cabaret event is the RuhrHOCHdeutsch, which is one of the most successful cabaret festivals in Germany. It features artists from around the world.

Dortmund is also famous for its Christmas market, which draws well over three and a half million visitors to its 300 stalls around a gigantic Christmas tree creation that stands 45 metres tall. The market is famous for its handmade ornaments and delicacies.

Recreation

 
Botanischer Garten Rombergpark
 
Florianturm, Westfalenpark
 
Juicy Beats Festival, Westfalenpark

The Botanischer Garten Rombergpark, or informally Rombergpark, is an extensive municipal arboretum and botanical garden located in the south of the city center of Dortmund. With its total area of 65 hectares the Rombergpark is one of the largest botanical gardens in the world. The garden was established in 1822 as the Romberg family's English landscape park. In 1927–1929 it was acquired by the city and under city planning director Richard Nose enhanced by a small herb garden. The park and castle were badly damaged in World War II, but starting in 1950 director Gerd Krüssmann rebuilt it as an arboretum, adding some 4,500 species to the park. Today the garden contains a historic English landscape park with monuments; an arboretum containing thousands of species of woody plants, including some of the largest trees in North Rhine-Westphalia; a terrace with palm trees; and four greenhouses (1,000 m2 total area) for cactus and succulents, ferns, tropical plants, and camellias, jasmine, and lemons.

The Dortmund Zoo is the zoological garden with 28 hectares next to the Rombergpark and was founded 1953. With 1,800 animals belonging to 250 species, the Dortmund Zoo is the second largest in the Ruhr Valley. It is specialized in the keeping and breeding of South American species and is leading in the breeding of the giant anteater, the tamandua and the giant otter.[89]

The Westfalenpark is Dortmunds's most popular inner-city park. The park is 72 hectares in size and is one of the largest urban gardens of Germany. It was first opened in 1959 as the second Bundesgartenschau (abbr. BUGA) in North Rhine-Westphalia. With the National Rosarium with 3,000 different rose varieties, theme gardens, an environmental protection centre, the German Cookbook Museum, a geological garden, cafés and recreation areas, it provides numerous opportunities for a day of diverse activities. Dortmund's Westfalenpark is also a popular location for events in the Ruhr area- with parties, festivals, events, theatre, music, and flea and garden markets. One of the best views across the whole Ruhr valley is offered by the visitors platform and the revolving restaurant in the 209-metre-high Florian tower. Another summer attraction is the chair lift, which opened in 1959 and runs on Sundays between a "Mountain" and "Valley" station 500 metres apart.[90]

Museums

With more than 20 museums, Dortmund has one of the largest variety of museums in the Ruhr Valley, one of which, the LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II/IV Colliery, is an anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage.[91]

 
Museum of Art and Cultural History

The Museum am Ostwall (known as Museum am Ostwall until 2010) is a museum of modern and contemporary art. It was founded in the late 1940s, and has been located in the Dortmund U-Tower since 2010. The collection includes paintings, sculptures, objects and photographs from the 20th century, plus over 2,500 graphics, spanning Expressionism through classic modern art to the present day. At the heart of the collection are works by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Otto Mueller, Emil Nolde and graphics by Pablo Picasso from the 1940s and '50s, plus others by Joan Miró, Marc Chagall and Salvador Dalí.

The German Football Museum (German: Deutsches Fußballmuseum) aka DFB-Museum is the national museum for German football. It is located close to the Dortmund Hauptbahnhof and is part of an art and culture mile between the creative center Dortmund U-Tower and the Theater Dortmund, founded to preserve, conserve and interpret important collections of football memorabilia. In its permanent exhibition, the Museum presents the history of Germany national football team and the Bundesliga.

 
Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition

The Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte or MKK (Museum of Art and Cultural History) is a municipal museum located in an Art Deco building which was formerly the Dortmund Savings Bank. The collection includes paintings, sculptures, furniture and applied art, illustrating the cultural history of Dortmund from early times to the 20th century. There are regular temporary exhibitions of art and culture, as well as a permanent exhibition on the history of surveying, with rare geodetic instruments.[92]

The Steinwache is a memorial museum of the exhibition Widerstand und Verfolgung in Dortmund 1933–1945 ("Resistance and Persecution in Dortmund 1933–1945"), which demonstrates the persecution under National Socialism with many photographs, short texts and sometimes with reports from contemporary witnesses. The museum is located in an old prison and had a reputation as Die Hölle von Westdeutschland ("The hell of western Germany"). Between 1933 and 1945 more than 66,000 people were imprisoned in the Steinwache prison.

Other important museums in Dortmund are:

  • DASA – Arbeitswelt Ausstellung (Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition)
  • Architecture Archive North Rhine-Westphalia
  • Borusseum (Museum of Borussia Dortmund)
  • LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II/IV Colliery (Germany's first technical building monument of international importance)
  • Museum of natural history Dortmund
  • Brewery museum
  • HOESCH Museum

Not directly located in Dortmund but important for the city history:

Festivals and nightlife

 
Mayday 2009 Westfalenhallen

Dortmund offers a variety of restaurants, bars and clubs. Clubs concentrate in and around the city centre (Wallring) and in the Kreuzviertel district. After the Molotov in Hamburg and the Berghain in Berlin, the FZW (Freizeitzentrum West) in the Union district is one of the three best clubs in Germany. With 307 events in 2015, including concerts, parties, festivals, readings and football public viewings have strengthened the FZW's reputation as an "it club" in the Ruhr region.[93]

Furthermore, Dortmund is one of the main centres of the Electronic dance music and techno subculture. With the Mayday and Syndicate festivals, the Westfalenhalle Arena has become one of the most important techno strongholds in Europe. After negotiations with several German cities, it was announced that the Love Parade would move to the Ruhr Area for five years (2007–2012). After Essen in 2007 the festival took 2008 place on the Bundesstraße 1 under the motto Highway of Love. The event was planned as a "Love Weekend", with parties throughout the region. For the first time the Turkish electronic scene was represented by its own float, called "Turkish Delights". The official estimate is that 1.6 million visitors attended, making it the largest parade to date.[94]

Every year, the Juicy Beats music festival turns the Westfalenpark into a huge festival ground for pop, rap, electro, indie, alternative, reggae and urban beats – most recently with over 50,000 visitors.

Cuisine

 
Traditional bakery for Dortmunder Salzkuchen
 
Dortmunder Export
 
Panhas

Traditional meals in the region are Pfefferpotthast (A form of Goulash, though containing more beef), Balkenbrij, Heaven and Earth (Himmel und Äd; black pudding with stewed apples mixed with mashed potatoes), Currywurst and Pumpernickel with Griebenschmalz (German lard with crispy pieces of pork skin).

In summer the people like to eat a Dortmunder Salzkuchen (Bread buns with caraway fruits, salt, meat and onions). Also a special meal in the winter is Reibekuchen (fried potato pancake served with apple sauce).

Dortmund had more than 550 years of brewing tradition, some of the oldest breweries in Westphalia are founded around the Old Market in Dortmund. Dortmund is known for its pale lager beer called Dortmunder Export or Dortmunder, it became popular with industrial workers and was responsible for Dortmunder Union becoming Germany's largest brewery and Dortmund having the highest concentration of breweries in Germany. Popular and traditionally beer brands are Dortmunder Actien Brauerei, Bergmann Bier, Kronen, Union, Brinkhoff's, Dortmunder Hansa, Hövels, Ritter, Thier and Stifts.[95]

"Stösschen" is a beer in a small glass "Stösschen" 0.2 litres and can be drunk in about two draughts. The idea of a Stößchen came about in the 19th century when people would have to wait at the level crossing to cross the Nordstadt Railway Line that divided the city centre from the Nordstadt district. A local innkeeper saw the potential of serving quick drinks to people waiting, and a Dortmund tradition began.[96]

The Dortmunder Tropfen Schnaps is a type of liqueur that is flavored with herbs or spices and traditionally drunk neat as a digestif.[97]

Sports

 
Headquarters of the Borussia Dortmund sports club (BVB)
 
Headquarter DHB

Dortmund calls itself Sportstadt (City of Sports). The city is the home of the biggest handball association in the world the German Handball Association (German: Deutscher Handballbund) (DHB) and the German professional handball league Handball-Bundesliga (HBL). Furthermore, Dortmund is home of the Olympic centre of Westphalia.

The city is home of many sports clubs, iconic athletes and annually organises several world-renowned sporting events, such as the Ruhrmarathon and the Sparkassen Chess-Meeting.

Football

 
Signal Iduna Park, the home stadium of Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund, is the biggest stadium in Germany.

Dortmund is home to the sports club Borussia Dortmund, one of the most successful clubs in German football history. Borussia Dortmund are former Bundesliga champions most recently in 2011–12.[98] Borussia Dortmund won the UEFA Champions League and the Intercontinental Cup in 1997, as well as the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1966. 'Die Borussen' are eight-time German Champions and have won five German Cups. Borussia Dortmund play at Westfalenstadion, currently known as Signal Iduna Park. It was built for the 1974 FIFA World Cup and also hosted some matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. It is Germany's largest football stadium with a maximum capacity of 81,359 spectators.[99]

 
Stadion Rote Erde

Handball

Borussia Dortmund has a women's handball team playing in the first Bundesliga.

Table tennis

Borussia Dortmund also has a table tennis team, playing in the second Bundesliga.

American football

The Dortmund Giants, established on 22 May 1980, is an American football team from Dortmund. The official name of the club is 1. Dortmunder Footballclub Dortmund 1980 "Giants" e.V. The club spent the 1994 season in the 2. Bundesliga before dropping for two seasons to the third tier Regionalliga West. Five more 2. Bundesliga seasons followed from 1997 to 2001, the final one in a combined team with the Bochum Cadets as the Dortmund B1 Giants.[100] After a five-season spell in the Regionalliga the club finished the 2014 season without a win and had to return to the Oberliga once more.[100][101][102]

 
Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen

Ice hockey

Eisadler Dortmund is the city's ice hockey club that plays in Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen an indoor sporting arena at the Strobelallee. They played in 2016/17 in the Oberliga, the third level of ice hockey in Germany.

Basketball

The city's basketball club is SVD 49 Dortmund basketball team plays in its respective second national divisions.

Baseball

The city's baseball club Dortmund Wanderers plays in the first Bundesliga

Other sports

The Sparkassen Chess-Meeting has been hosted in Dortmund since 1982.

Besides, Dortmund owns an all-weather racecourse named Galopprennbahn Dortmund.

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Dortmund is twinned with:

Notable people

Born before 1900

 
Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus
 
Wilhelm Canaris 1940
 
Marco Reus

Born 1901–1950

Born after 1950

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Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Dortmund

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dortmund.
  • "Dortmund" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911.
  •   Dortmund travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • Official website   (in German)

January 21, 2023
dortmund, german, ˈdɔʁtmʊnt, listen, westphalian, german, düörpm, ˈdyːœɐ, latin, tremonia, third, largest, city, north, rhine, westphalia, after, cologne, düsseldorf, eighth, largest, city, germany, with, population, inhabitants, 2021, largest, city, area, pop. Dortmund German ˈdɔʁtmʊnt listen Westphalian Low German Duorpm ˈdyːœɐ pm Latin Tremonia is the third largest city in North Rhine Westphalia after Cologne and Dusseldorf and the eighth largest city of Germany with a population of 588 250 inhabitants as of 2021 It is the largest city by area and population of the Ruhr Germany s largest urban area with some 5 1 million inhabitants as well as the largest city of Westphalia a On the Emscher and Ruhr rivers tributaries of the Rhine it lies in the Rhine Ruhr Metropolitan Region and is considered the administrative commercial and cultural center of the eastern Ruhr Dortmund is the second largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg DortmundCityFrom top Skyline of the city Lake Phoenix Bodelschwingh Castle Opera House Altes StadthausDortmunder City centre with St Reinold s Church Zollern II IV CollieryFlagCoat of armsLocation of Dortmund within North Rhine WestphaliaDortmundShow map of GermanyDortmundShow map of North Rhine WestphaliaCoordinates 51 31 N 7 28 E 51 517 N 7 467 E 51 517 7 467 Coordinates 51 31 N 7 28 E 51 517 N 7 467 E 51 517 7 467CountryGermanyStateNorth Rhine WestphaliaAdmin regionArnsbergDistrictUrban districtFounded882Government Lord mayor 2020 25 Thomas Westphal 1 SPD Governing partiesSPDArea City280 71 km2 108 38 sq mi Metro7 268 km2 2 806 sq mi Elevation86 m 282 ft Population 2021 12 31 2 City586 852 Density2 100 km2 5 400 sq mi Urban5 302 179 Ruhr Metro11 300 000 Rhine Ruhr Time zoneUTC 01 00 CET Summer DST UTC 02 00 CEST Postal codes44001 44388Dialling codes0231 02304Vehicle registrationDOWebsitewww wbr dortmund wbr deFounded around 882 3 Dortmund became an Imperial Free City Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries it was the chief city of the Rhine Westphalia and the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League During the Thirty Years War the city was destroyed and decreased in significance until the onset of industrialization The city then became one of Germany s most important coal steel and beer centres Dortmund consequently was one of the most heavily bombed cities in Germany during World War II The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 destroyed 98 of buildings in the inner city center These bombing raids with more than 1 110 aircraft hold the record to a single target in World War II 4 The region has adapted since the collapse of its century long steel and coal industries and shifted to high technology biomedical technology micro systems technology and also services Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow 5 ranked among the twelve innovation cities in European Union 6 and is the most sustainable and digital city in Germany 7 8 Other key sectors include retail 9 leisure and the visitor economy 10 creative industries 11 and logistics 12 With its central station and airport the third busiest airport in North Rhine Westphalia Dortmund is an important transport junction especially for the surrounding Ruhr area as well as Europe Benelux countries and with the largest canal port in Europe it has a connection to important seaports on the North Sea 13 Dortmund is home to many cultural and educational institutions including the Technical University of Dortmund and Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts International School of Management and other educational cultural and administrative facilities with over 49 000 students many museums such as Museum Ostwall Museum of Art and Cultural History German Football Museum as well as theatres and music venues like the Konzerthaus or the Opera House of Dortmund Nearly half the municipal territory consists of waterways woodland agriculture and green spaces with spacious parks such as Westfalenpark and Rombergpark This stands in a stark contrast with nearly a hundred years of extensive coal mining and steel milling in the past Borussia Dortmund is one of the most successful German football clubs Contents 1 History 1 1 Etymology 1 2 Early history 1 3 Middle Ages and early modern period 1 4 18th 19th and early 20th centuries 1 5 World War II 1 6 Postwar period 2 Geography 2 1 Location 2 2 Boroughs 2 3 Climate 3 Demographics 3 1 Religion 4 Government and politics 4 1 Mayor 4 2 City council 4 3 Twin towns sister cities 5 Cityscape 5 1 Urban districts 5 1 1 Kreuzviertel 5 1 2 Nordstadt 5 1 3 Kaiserviertel 5 1 4 Unionviertel 5 1 5 Horde on Lake Phoenix 5 2 Churches 5 3 Castles 5 4 Industrial buildings 5 5 Cultural buildings 5 6 Other important buildings 5 7 High rise structures 6 Transportation 6 1 Road transport 6 2 Cycling 6 3 Rail transport 6 4 Public transportation 6 5 Air transport 6 6 Water transport 7 Economy 7 1 Tourism 7 2 Shopping 7 3 Port and logistics 7 4 Fairs 7 5 Federal Agency and public organisations 7 6 Consulates 7 7 Courts 7 8 Media 7 9 Newspapers 7 10 Magazines 7 11 Radio and TV 7 12 Film 8 Education 8 1 Higher education 8 2 Research 9 Livability and quality of life 10 Culture 10 1 Recreation 10 2 Museums 10 3 Festivals and nightlife 10 4 Cuisine 11 Sports 11 1 Football 11 2 Handball 11 3 Table tennis 11 4 American football 11 5 Ice hockey 11 6 Basketball 11 7 Baseball 11 8 Other sports 12 Twin towns sister cities 13 Notable people 13 1 Born before 1900 13 2 Born 1901 1950 13 3 Born after 1950 14 References 15 Bibliography 16 External linksHistory EditSee also Timeline of Dortmund Etymology Edit Seal of Dortmund the city of Westphalia SIGILLVM TREMONIE CIVITATIS WESTFALIE Dortmund was first mentioned in the Werden Abbey which was built between 880 and 884 The Latin entry reads In Throtmanni liber homo Arnold viii den nob solvit German In Throtmanni zahlt uns der freie Mann Arnold 8 Pfennige and English In Throtmanni the free man Arnold pays us 8 pfennigs 14 According to this there are a large number of different names but they all go back to the same phoneme stem Their respective use in the sources appears arbitrary and random In the course of time the name changed many times trut munia 899 Thortmanni Trutmania Trotmunni 939 Tremonia 1152 From the 13th century on the Dortmunde appeared for the first time but it was not until a few centuries later that it became generally accepted In the Middle Ages 1389 when the city had withstood the siege of 1200 knights under the leadership of the Archbishop of Cologne it chose as its motto a saying that is still upheld today by traditional societies So fast as Duorpm High German As firm as Dortmund In the past the city was called Dortmond in Dutch Tremonia in Spanish and Tremoigne in Old French However these exonyms have fallen into disuse and the city is now internationally known by its German name of Dortmund The common abbreviation for the name of the city is DTM the IATA code for Dortmund Airport Early history Edit Historical view of the German town of Dortmund by Georg Braun and Franz Hogenberg between 1572 and 1618 The Sigiburg was a hillfort in the South of present day Dortmund overlooking the River Ruhr near its confluence with the River Lenne The ruins of the later Hohensyburg castle now stand on the site of the Sigiburg The hillfort is presumably of Saxon origin but there are no archeological or documentary proofs During the Saxon Wars it was taken by the Franks under Charlemagne in 772 retaken by the Saxons possibly under Widukind in 774 and taken again and refortified by Charlemagne in 775 Archaeological evidence suggests the Sigiburg site was also occupied in the Neolithic era 15 16 The first time Dortmund was mentioned in official documents was around 882 as Throtmanni In throtmanni liber homo arnold us viii den arios nob is soluit solvit 3 17 In 1005 the Ecclesiastical council and in 1016 the Imperial diet met in Dortmund 18 Middle Ages and early modern period Edit St Marys and St Reinolds in 1470 After it was destroyed by a fire the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa had the town rebuilt in 1152 and resided there among other places for two years In 1267 St Mary s Church Dortmund and three years later in 1270 St Reinold s Church first mentioned The combination of crossroad market place administrative centre town hall made Dortmund an important centre in Westphalia It became an Imperial Free City and one of the first cities in Europe with an official Brewing right in 1293 19 Throughout the 13th to 14th centuries it was the chief city of the Rhine Westphalia the Netherlands Circle of the Hanseatic League Old market St Reinolds After 1320 the city appeared in writing as Dorpmunde In the years leading up to 1344 the English King even borrowed money from well heeled Dortmund merchant families Berswordt and Klepping offering the regal crown as security In 1388 the Count of Mark joined forces with the Archbishop of Cologne and issued declarations of a feud against the town Following a major siege lasting 18 months peace negotiations took place and Dortmund emerged victorious In 1400 the seat of the first Vehmic court German Freistuhl was in Dortmund in a square between two linden trees one of which was known as the Femelinde With the growing influence of Cologne during the 15th century the seat was moved to Arnsberg in 1437 After Cologne was excluded after the Anglo Hanseatic War 1470 74 Dortmund was made capital of the Rhine Westphalian and Netherlands Circle This favors the founding of one of the oldest schools in Europe in 1543 Stadtgymnasium Dortmund de 19 In 1661 an earthquake made the Reinoldikirche collapse 18th 19th and early 20th centuries Edit Pre industrial Dortmund in 1804 With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss resolution in 1803 Dortmund was added to the Principality of Nassau Orange Fulda with as a result that it was no longer a free imperial city William V Prince of Orange Nassau did not want stolen areas and therefore let his son Prince Willem Frederik the later King William I of the Netherlands take possession of the city and the principality This prince held its entry on 30 June 1806 and as such the County of Dortmund then became part of the principality On 12 July 1806 most of the Nassau principalities were deprived of their sovereign rights by means of the Rhine treaty In October of the same year the County of Dortmund was occupied by French troops and was added to the Grand Duchy of Berg on 1 March 1808 It is the capital of the Ruhr department In 1808 Dortmund becomes capital of French satellite Ruhr department 18 At the Congress of Vienna in 1815 the entire Grand Duchy of Berg including Dortmund was added to the Kingdom of Prussia The state mining authority of the Ruhr area was founded in 1815 and moved from Bochum to Dortmund Within the Prussian Province of Westphalia Dortmund was a district seat within Regierungsbezirk Arnsberg until 1875 when it became an urban district within the region French troops in Dortmund c 1923 1925 During the industrialisation of Prussia Dortmund became a major centre for coal and steel The town expanded into a city with the population rising from 57 742 in 1875 to 379 950 in 1905 Sprawling residential areas like the North East Union and Kreuz district sprang up in less than 10 years In 1920 Dortmund was one of the centres for resistance to the Kapp Putsch a right wing military coup launched against the Social Democratic led government Radical workers formed a Red Army who fought the freikorps units involved in the coup On 11 January 1923 the Occupation of the Ruhr was carried out by the invasion of French and Belgian troops into the Ruhr The French Prime Minister Raymond Poincare was convinced that Germany failed to comply the demands of the Treaty of Versailles On the morning of 31 March 1923 it came to the sad culmination of this French German confrontation 20 World War II Edit Photo of part of the city center area around Liebfrauen church in 1945 Under Nazi Germany the Old Synagogue which had opened in 1900 was destroyed in 1938 With a capacity of 1 300 seats it was one of the largest Jewish houses of worship in Germany Also the Aplerbeck Hospital in Dortmund transferred mentally and or physically disabled patients to the Hadamar Killing Facility as part of Aktion T4 where they were murdered An additional 229 children were murdered in the Children s Specialist Department which was transferred from Marburg in 1941 Bombing targets of the Oil Campaign of World War II in Dortmund included Hoesch Westfalenhutte AG the Hoesch Benzin GmbH synthetic oil plant and the Zeche Hansa 21 The bombings destroyed about 66 of Dortmund homes 22 The devastating bombing raids of 12 March 1945 with 1 108 aircraft 748 Lancasters 292 Halifaxes 68 Mosquitos destroyed 98 of buildings in the inner city center and 4 851 tonnes of bombs were dropped on Dortmund city centre and the south of the city this was a record for a single target in the whole of World War II 4 The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Dortmund in April 1945 The US 95th Infantry Division attacked the city on 12 April 1945 against a stubborn German defense The division assisted by close air support advanced through the ruins in urban combat and completed its capture on 13 April 1945 23 Postwar period Edit Rebuilt and modern reconstruction around St Reynolds Post war most of the ancient buildings were not restored and large parts of the city area were completely rebuilt in the style of the 1950s A few historic buildings such as the main churches Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche were restored or rebuilt and extensive parks and gardens were laid out The simple but successful postwar rebuilding has resulted in a very mixed and unique cityscape Dortmund was in the British zone of occupation of Germany and became part of the new state Land of North Rhine Westphalia in 1946 The LWL Industriemuseum was founded in 1969 24 In 1987 the pit Minister Stein closed marking the end of more than 150 years of coal mining Dortmund 25 has since adapted with its century long steel and coal industries having been replaced by high technology areas including biomedical technology micro systems technology and services This has led Dortmund to become a regional centre for hi tech industry In 2001 a new era began for the district Horde in Dortmund 160 years of industrial history ended with the beginning of the Phoenix See The development of the Phoenix See area was carried out by a subsidiary of the Stadtwerke AG In 2005 the first cornerstone was laid on the Phoenix area The work started with full speed to manage the work with over 2 5 million meters of ground motion and 420 000 cubic meters of ferroconcrete On 1 October 2010 the largest and most highly anticipated milestone could be celebrated the launch of the flooding of the Phoenix See Since 9 May 2011 the fences disappeared and the Phoenix See has been completed 26 In 2009 Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow 5 and is the most sustainable city in Germany 7 On 3 November 2013 more than 20 000 people were evacuated after a 4 000 pound bomb from World War II was found German authorities safely defused the bomb The bomb was found after analysing old aerial photographs while searching for unexploded bombs dropped by Allied aircraft over Germany s industrial Ruhr region 27 Geography EditLocation Edit Emscher River in Dortmund Dortmund is an independent city located in the east of the Ruhr area one of the largest urban areas in Europe see also megalopolis comprising eleven independent cities and four districts with some 5 3 million inhabitants The city limits of Dortmund itself are 87 km 54 mi long and border twelve cities two independent and ten kreisangehorig i e belonging to a district with a total population of approximately 2 4 million The following cities border Dortmund clockwise starting from west Bochum Castrop Rauxel Waltrop Lunen Kamen Unna Holzwickede Schwerte Hagen Herdecke and Witten Historically speaking Dortmund is a part of Westphalia which is situated in the Bundesland North Rhine Westphalia Moreover Dortmund is part of Westphalian Lowland and adjoins with the Ardey Hills in the south of the city to the Sauerland The Ruhr forms the reservoir on the Hengsteysee next to the borough of Syburg in the south of Dortmund between the cities of Hagen and Herdecke North Rhine Westphalia Germany The Klusenberg a hill that is part of the Ardey range is located just north of the Hengsteysee and the highest point of Dortmund 254 3 m 834 ft There is also a pumped storage plant on this reservoir named Koepchenwerk The lowest point can be found in the northern borough of Brechten at 48 9 m 160 ft The Emscher is a small river and has its wellspring in Holzwickede east of the city of Dortmund and flows west through Dortmund Towns along the Emscher take in Dortmund Castrop Rauxel Herne Recklinghausen Gelsenkirchen Essen Bottrop Oberhausen and Dinslaken where it flows into the Rhine Boroughs Edit Municipalities and neighbouring communities Aerial view of urban Kreuzviertel Dortmund comprises 62 neighbourhoods which in turn are grouped into twelve boroughs called Stadtbezirke often named after the most important neighbourhood Three boroughs cover the area of the inner city Innenstadt West City centre West Innenstadt Nord City centre North Innenstadt Ost City centre East and the remaining nine boroughs make up the surrounding area Eving Scharnhorst Brackel Aplerbeck Horde Hombruch Lutgendortmund Huckarde Mengede Each Stadtbezirk is assigned a Roman numeral and has a local governing body of nineteen members with limited authority Most of the boroughs were originally independent municipalities but were gradually annexed from 1905 to 1975 This long lasting process of annexation has led to a strong identification of the population with their boroughs or districts and to a rare peculiarity The borough of Horde located in the south of Dortmund and independent until 1928 has its own coat of arms The centre can be subdivided into historically evolved city districts whose borders are not always strictly defined such as Stadtzentrum City centre Hafenviertel Harbour Quarter Nordmarkt Northern market Borsigplatz Kaiserviertel Emperor Quarter Kronenviertel Crown Quarter Kreuzviertel Cross Quarter Klinikviertel Clinical Quarter Saarlandstrassenviertel Saarland street Quarter Unionviertel Union Quarter Gartenstadt Garden Town Climate Edit Dortmund is situated in the temperate climate zone with oceanic climate Koppen Cfb Winters are cool summers are warm The average annual temperature lies at approximately 9 to 10 C 48 to 50 F the total average annual amount of precipitation lies at approximately 800 mm 31 in Precipitation evenly falls throughout the year steady rain with some snow prevails in the wintertime isolated showers dominate the summer season Dortmund features characteristics of densely populated areas as for example the occurrence of urban heat islands is typical 28 Climate data for DortmundMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 14 6 58 3 18 5 65 3 23 5 74 3 30 2 86 4 34 4 93 9 34 9 94 8 36 8 98 2 37 6 99 7 33 4 92 1 28 6 83 5 20 1 68 2 16 1 61 0 37 6 99 7 Average high C F 4 39 5 41 9 48 13 55 18 64 21 70 22 72 22 72 19 66 15 59 9 48 5 41 14 56 Average low C F 1 30 1 30 2 36 4 39 8 46 11 52 13 55 13 55 10 50 7 45 3 37 1 34 6 42 Average rainfall mm inches 65 2 6 56 2 2 53 2 1 57 2 2 68 2 7 78 3 1 93 3 7 93 3 7 67 2 6 60 2 4 71 2 8 77 3 0 838 33 1 Average rainy days 19 17 14 16 14 14 17 16 15 17 19 19 197Source Wetter Kontor 29 Demographics EditDortmund s population grew rapidly in the time of the 19th century industrialisation when coal mining and steel processing in the city began 1904 marks the year when Dortmund saw a population of more than 100 000 for the first time in its history During the 19th century the area around Dortmund called Ruhr attracted up to 500 000 ethnic Poles Masurians and Silesians from East Prussia and Silesia in a migration known as Ostflucht flight from the east Most of the new inhabitants came from Eastern Europe but immigrants also came from France Ireland and the United Kingdom Almost all their descendants today speak German as a mother tongue and for various reasons they do not identify with their Polish roots and traditions often only their Polish family names remaining as a sign of their past Not taking the fluctuation of war years into account the population figures rose constantly to 657 804 in 1965 As a result of the city s post industrial decline the population fell to just under 580 000 in 2011 Today with a population of 601 402 2017 the City of Dortmund is the eighth largest city in Germany after Berlin Hamburg Munich Cologne Frankfurt Stuttgart and Dusseldorf It is also the largest city in the Ruhr agglomeration Contrary to earlier projections population figures have been on the rise in recent years due to net migration gains Dortmund has seen a moderate influx of younger people 18 to 25 years of age mainly because of its universities 30 Data of the EU wide 2011 census revealed massive inaccuracies with regard to German population figures Consequently respective figures have been corrected which resulted in a statistical loss of 9 000 inhabitants in Dortmund 31 In 2016 it was announced that the population was back above 600 000 32 Historical populationYearPop 130010 000 14808 000 20 0 16004 000 50 0 17003 000 25 0 18124 828 60 9 187144 420 820 0 1900142 733 221 3 1910214 226 50 1 1925321 743 50 2 1939542 261 68 5 1950507 349 6 4 1961641 480 26 4 1965657 804 2 5 1970642 680 2 3 1980608 297 5 3 1990599 055 1 5 2000588 994 1 7 2011571 143 3 0 2016585 813 2 6 2019588 250 0 4 source 33 circular reference Largest groups of foreign residents 34 Nationality Population 31 December 2016 Turkey 22 154 Poland 9 988 Syria 7 791 Romania 4 561 Greece 4 132 Spain 3 623 Italy 3 569 Morocco 3 421 Bulgaria 3 416 Ukraine 2 420 Iraq 2 229 Croatia 2 103 North Macedonia 2 034 Russia 1 902 Portugal 1 851 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 780 Serbia 1 532 China 1 304 Hungary 1 284 Kosovo 1 225As of 2012 update Dortmund had a population of 571 403 of whom about 177 000 roughly 30 were of non German origin 30 The table shows the number of first and second generation immigrants in Dortmund by nationality as of 31 December 2014 35 As with much of the Ruhr area Dortmund has sizable Turkish and South European communities particularly Spanish and had one of Germany s most visible Slavic populations Religion Edit As of 2014 update the largest Christian denominations were Protestantism 49 9 and Catholicism 27 4 of the population 36 Furthermore in Dortmund the Greek Orthodox Church the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Macedonian Orthodox Church are represented The Church of the Holy Apostles gre I N Agiwn Apostolwn Ntortmoynt I N Agion Apostolon Dortmund was the first Greek church in Germany to be founded due to the influx of guest workers Also Dortmund is home of the New Apostolic Church in North Rhine Westphalia with more than 84 944 community members The Jewish community has a history dating back to Medieval times and has always ranked among the largest in Westphalia Dortmund is home to the National Association of Jewish Communities of Westfalen Lippe The synagogues operate there in City center Horde and Dorstfeld Due to the growing immigration of people from Muslim countries beginning in the 1960s Dortmund has a large Muslim community with more than 30 mosques In June 2019 Dortmund hosted the 37th Evangelischer Kirchentag German Evangelical Church Assembly 37 Government and politics Edit Dortmund coat of arms Townhall Dortmund Townhall Aplerbeck one of twelve district councils Dortmund is one of nineteen independent district free cities kreisfreie Stadte in North Rhine Westphalia which means that it does not form part of another general purpose local government entity in this case it is not part of a Landkreis Since 1975 Dortmund is divided into twelve administrative districts Each district Bezirk has its own elected district council Bezirksvertretung and its own district mayor Bezirksburgermeister The district councils are advisory only Dortmund is often called the Herzkammer der SPD roughly translated as heartland of the Social democrats after the politically dominant party in the city During the Nazi era 1933 1945 mayors were installed by the Nazi Party After World War II the military government of the British occupation zone installed a new mayor and a municipal constitution modeled on that of British cities The first major elected by the population of Dortmund was Fritz Henssler Since the end of the war the SPD has held a plurality in the city council except for the period from 1999 to 2004 Mayor Edit Results of the second round of the 2020 mayoral election The current Mayor of Dortmund is Thomas Westphal of the Social Democratic Party SPD who was elected in 2020 The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020 with a runoff held on 27 September and the results were as follows Candidate Party First round Second roundVotes Votes Thomas Westphal Social Democratic Party 75 565 35 9 75 884 52 1Andreas Hollstein Christian Democratic Union 54 505 25 9 69 876 47 9Daniela Schneckenburger Alliance 90 The Greens 46 015 21 8Utz Kowalewski The Left 9 351 4 4Michael Kauch Free Democratic Party 6 538 3 1Bernd Schreyner The Right 6 274 3 0Judith Storb Die PARTEI 5 019 2 4Carl Hendri Draub Independent 2 552 1 2Christian Gebel Pirate Party Germany 1 897 0 9Detlef Munch Free Citizens Initiative 1 512 0 7Gunther Ziethoff Grassroots Democracy Now 1 016 0 5Dave Varghese German Communist Party 415 0 2Valid votes 210 659 99 1 145 760 99 0Invalid votes 1 950 0 9 1 529 1 0Total 212 609 100 0 147 289 100 0Electorate voter turnout 451 925 47 0 451 710 32 6Source State Returning Officer Archived 27 June 2021 at the Wayback MachineCity council Edit Results of the 2020 city council election The Dortmund city council Dortmunder Stadtrat governs the city alongside the Mayor The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020 and the results were as follows Party Votes Seats Social Democratic Party SPD 63 096 30 0 8 2 27 9Alliance 90 The Greens Grune 52 241 24 8 9 4 22 7Christian Democratic Union CDU 47 405 22 5 4 7 20 6The Left Die Linke 11 825 5 6 1 2 5 1Alternative for Germany AfD 11 547 5 5 2 1 5 2Free Democratic Party FDP 7 345 3 5 1 0 3 1Die PARTEI PARTEI 5 851 2 8 2 6 3 3The Right Die Rechte 2 369 1 1 0 1 1 0Human Environment Animal Protection Tierschutz 1 995 0 9 New 1 NewPirate Party Germany Piraten 1 848 0 9 1 5 1 1Alliance for Diversity and Tolerance BVT 1 737 0 8 New 1 NewCitizens List Burgerliste 1 359 0 6 New 1 NewFree Citizens Initiative FBI 1 087 0 5 New 0 NewGrassroots Democracy Now 560 0 3 New 0 NewDigital Ecological Social DOS 219 0 1 New 0 NewHeinz Augat Together 53 0 0 New 0 NewWe in Dortmund 39 0 0 New 0 NewGerman Communist Party DKP 16 0 0 0 1 0 0Valid votes 210 592 99 0Invalid votes 2 047 1 0Total 212 639 100 0 90 4Electorate voter turnout 451 925 47 1 2 2Source State Returning Officer Archived 27 June 2021 at the Wayback MachineTwin towns sister cities Edit See also List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany Dortmund is twinned with 38 Leeds United Kingdom 1949 Amiens France 1960 Rostov on Don Russia 1973 Buffalo United States 1977 Netanya Israel 1980 Novi Sad Serbia 1981 Zwickau Germany 1989 Xi an China 1991 Trabzon Turkey 2014 Cityscape Edit Dortmund with RWE Tower and churches of Reinoldi Petri and Marien on the right Dortmund s city centre offers a picture full of contrasts Historic buildings like Altes Stadthaus or the Krugerpassage rub shoulders with post war architecture like Gesundheitshaus and concrete constructions with Romanesque churches like the Reinoldikirche and the Marienkirche The near complete destruction of Dortmund s city centre during World War II 98 has resulted in a varied architectural landscape The reconstruction of the city followed the style of the 1950s while respecting the old layout and naming of the streets The downtown of Dortmund still retains the outline of the medieval city A ring road marks the former city wall and the Westen Ostenhellweg part of a medieval salt trading route is still the major pedestrian street bisecting the city centre Thus the city today is characterized by simple and modest post war buildings with a few interspersed pre war buildings which were reconstructed due to their historical importance Some buildings of the Wiederaufbauzeit era of reconstruction for example the opera house are nowadays regarded as classics of modern architecture 39 Urban districts Edit Unlike the Dortmund city centre much of the inner districts around the old medieval centre escaped damage in the second world war and post war redevelopment Kreuzviertel Edit Typical Wilhelminian style houses The Kreuzviertel is characterised by old buildings the majority of which come from the turn of the 20th century 1884 to 1908 Over 80 of all housing in this area was constructed before 1948 with the oldest building the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts still standing being from 1896 In the second World War relatively few buildings were destroyed in comparison to other areas of the city Today Kreuzviertel forms a nearly homogeneous historic building area Over 100 buildings remain protected as historic monuments like the Kreuzkirche at Kreuzstrasse and the first Concrete Church in Germany St Nicolai Nowadays the Kreuzviertel is a trendy district with pubs restaurants cafes galleries and little shops Moreover local efforts to beautify and invigorate the neighbourhood have reinforced a budding sense of community and artistic expression The West park is the green lung of the Kreuzviertel and in the months between May and October a centre of the student urban life The district has the highest real estate prices in Dortmund 40 Even today many artists choose Kreuzviertel as their residence Sascha Schmitz Christina Hammer and players of Borussia Dortmund Nordstadt Edit Dockland young restaurant and bars scene The northern downtown part of Dortmund called Nordstadt situated in a territory of 14 42 km2 5 57 sq mi is shaped by a colorful variety of cultures As the largest homogeneous old building area in Ruhr the Nordstadt is a melting pot of different people of different countries and habits just a few steps from the city center The Nordstadt is an industrial urban area that was mainly developed in the 19th Century to serve the Westfalenhutte steelworks port and rail freight depot All of the residents live in a densely populated 300 hectare area the most densely populated residential area in the state of North Rhine Westphalia with steelworks port and railway lines acting as physical barriers cutting off the area from the city centre and other residential districts 41 The area has been badly affected by the deindustrialisation of these heavy industries with the target area developing a role as the home for growing numbers of immigrants and socially disadvantaged groups partly because of the availability of cheaper although poor quality accommodation 42 Nevertheless two parks Fredenbaumpark and Hoeschpark are situated there There is also much equipment for children to spend their free time For example the 35 meters high Big Tipi which was brought in from the Expo 2000 in Hanover All of that should attract families to settle in but low prices of apartments and a variety of renting offers speak for the contrary This developed into the youngest population of Dortmund is living and created a district with art house cinemas to ethnic stores from exotic restaurants to student pubs 41 The Borsigplatz is probably one of the best known squares in Germany Ballspielverein Borussia Dortmund was founded nearby north east of the main railway station The streets radiating outward to form a star shape the sycamore in the middle of the square and the tramline running diagonally across the square give Borsigplatz its very own flair 43 Kaiserviertel Edit Cherry Blossom Avenue The Kaiserstrassen District is located east of the former ramparts of Dortmund and follows the course of the Westenhellweg In this district numerous magnificent buildings from the 1900s and new buildings from the 1950s are located next to the heritage protected State Mining Office Dortmund several Courts Consulate and the East Cemetery The district is characterize by the employee of the Amtsgericht Landgericht the first and second instances of ordinary jurisdiction and the Prison Today the historical Kaiserbrunnen and the entrance sign for Kaiserstrasse are important starting points for a tour to the popular shopping district The Moltkestreet also known as the Cherry Blossom Avenue became famous after photographers started posting pictures of blooming trees Every spring usually in April the street in the Kaiserstrassen district is booming with pink blossoms and attracts tourists Unionviertel Edit Rheinische Strasse The Union District is located west of the former ramparts of Dortmund and follows the course of the Westenhellweg For a long time the neighbourhood at the Dortmunder U and along the Rheinische Strasse was marked by vacancy and social distortion due to structural change Today it is developing an inspiring young artist scene with more and more students thanks to cheaper apartments near the university and a vibrant gastronomy This development benefits strongly from the new widely visible beacon the art and creative centre Dortmunder U opened in 2010 Yet for a time it was mainly the Union Gewerbehof activists and other single stakeholders who initiated change 44 Horde on Lake Phoenix Edit Horde castle Horde is borough in the south of the city of Dortmund Originally Horde was a separate town until 1929 and was founded by the Counts of Mark in opposition to their principal enemy the town of Dortmund In 1388 the Grossen Dortmunder Fehde great feud of Dortmund took place where the city of Dortmund battled against the alliance of surrounding towns The struggle ended in 1390 with defeat for Horde and its allies of Herdecke Witten Bochum Castrop Lunen Unna und Schwerte Today Horde is a part of Dortmund with restored old buildings combined with modern architecture The Horder Burg Horde castle was built in the 12th century and is located in the east of the town close to the Emscher and Lake Phoenix Lake Phoenix was one of the largest urban redevelopment projects in Europe On the area of the former blast furnace and steel plant site of ThyssenKrupp newly formed and developed a new urban resident and recreational area 3 kilometers 2 miles from the city centre of Dortmund The development of the Phoenix See area cost 170 million 45 The lake is 1 2 km long directed to east west and 320 meters wide in north south direction The water surface area of 24 acres is larger than the Hamburg Alster Lake Phoenix is a shallow water lake with a depth of 3 to 4 meters and a capacity of around 600 000 cubic meters Attractive high priced residential areas were thus created on the southern and northern sides of the Lake On the western lakeside the existing district centre of Horde is enlarged by a city port and a mixed functional urban area Companies with agencies and offices on the lakefront include Zalando HSBC Trinkaus German Handball Association Handball Bundesliga HBL Sparkassenakademie Nordrhein Westfalen a training organization of the Sparkassen MircosonicThe finished sole is primarily fed by groundwater and unpolluted rainwater from the new building sites 46 The River Emscher flows through an embanked riverbed without direct link to the Lake Together with the renatured Emscher the Lake forms a water landscape of 33 hectares which as a linking area is an important element of the Emscher landscape park The renaturation of the Emscher River is managed by the public water board Emschergenossenschaft The financial frame is 4 5 billion Euro and the aim is to finish the main work by 2020 47 Oldtown Horde Lake Phoenix Port Promenade Kaiser HillChurches Edit Reinoldikirche and Marienkirche Reinoldikirche a Protestant church built in 1233 1450 Petrikirche de a now Protestant church start of construction 1322 It is famous for the huge carved altar known as Golden Miracle of Dortmund from 1521 It consists of 633 gilt carved oak figures depicting 30 scenes about Easter Marienkirche a now Protestant church originally built in 1170 1200 but rebuilt after World War II The altar is from 1420 Propsteikirche Monastery of the Dominican Order in the city center built in 1331 1353 St Georg Aplerbeck the only Romanesque cross basilica of Dortmund Grosse Kirche Aplerbeck a Gothic revival church St Peter in Syburg suburb the oldest church building in the city limits Heilig Kreuz Kirche a Protestant church start of construction 1911 St Margareta Chapel a Protestant chapel built in 1348 Reinoldikirche Marienkirche St Johannes Baptist St Peter in Syburg suburbCastles Edit Haus Bodelschwingh 13th century a moated castle Haus Dellwig 13th century a moated castle partly rebuilt in the 17th century The facade and the steep tower and two half timbered buildings are original Haus Rodenberg 13th century a moated castle Altes Stadthaus built in 1899 by Friedrich Kullrich Romberg Park Gatehouse 17th century once a gatehouse to a moated castle Now it houses an art gallery Husen Castle the tower house of a former castle in the borough of Syburg Moated castle Bodelschwingh Bodelschwingh garden Bodelschwingh bridgeIndustrial buildings Edit The most industrial building in Dortmund are part of the Industrial Heritage Trail German Route der Industriekultur The trail links tourist attractions related to the industrial heritage in the whole Ruhr area in Germany 48 It is a part of the European Route of Industrial Heritage U Tower former Dortmunder Union brewery now a museum Zollern II IV Colliery now part of the Westphalian Industrial Museum and an Anchor Point of the European Route of Industrial Heritage ERIH Hansa Coking Plant Zollern II IV Colliery U Tower Phoenix West coking plant Port AuthorityCultural buildings Edit Konzerthaus Dortmund Opernhaus Dortmund opera house built in 1966 on the site of the old synagogue which was destroyed by the Nazis in 1938 The major art museums include the Museum fur Kunst und Kulturgeschichte and the more recent Museum Ostwall DASA Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition German Deutsche Arbeitsschutzausstellung Brewery Museum Dortmund Museum of Art and Cultural History German Football Museum Opernhaus Dortmund Museum fur Kunst und Kulturgeschichte German Football Museum DASA Germany Occupational Health and Safety ExhibitionOther important buildings Edit Florianturm television tower Florian Westfalenstadion Football ground of Borussia Dortmund licensed until 2021 under the name Signal Iduna Park 49 Close to Westfalenstadion are the Westfalenhallen a large convention centre the site of several major conventions trade fairs ice skating competitions concerts and other major events since the 1950s Steinwache memorialHigh rise structures Edit Dortmund tallest structure is the Florianturm telecommunication tower at 266 m or 873 ft Other tall buildings are the churches around the city centre A selection of the tallest office buildings in Dortmund is listed below RWE Tower 100 metre high skyscraper Westnetz Hochhaus Dortmund 100 metre high skyscraper Westfalentower 88 metre high skyscraper Harenberg City Center 86 metre high skyscraper Sparkassen Hochhaus 70 metre high skyscraper IWO Hochhaus 70 metre high skyscraper Ellipson 66 metre high skyscraper Volkswohl Bund Hochhaus 60 metre high skyscraper RWE Tower HCC IWO Tower EllipsonTransportation EditRoad transport Edit The Ruhrschnellweg Section East Dortmund Dortmund also serves as a major European and German crossroads for the Autobahnsystem The Ruhrschnellweg follows old Hanseatic trade routes to connect the city with the other metropolises of the Ruhr Area It crosses the Dutch German border as a continuation of the Dutch A67 and crosses the Rhine leads through the Ruhr valley toward Bochum becoming B 1 Bundesstrasse 1 at the Kreuz Dortmund West and eventually merging into the A 44 near Holzwickede It has officially been named Ruhrschnellweg Ruhr Fast Way but locals usually call it Ruhrschleichweg Ruhr Crawling Way or the Ruhr area s longest parking lot According to Der Spiegel it is the most congested motorway in Germany Connections to more distant parts of Germany are maintained by Autobahn routes A1 and A2 which traverse the north and east city limits and meet at the Kamener Kreuz interchange north east of Dortmund In combination with the Autobahn A45 to the west these form the Dortmund Beltway Dortmunder Autobahnring Cycling Edit Cycling in Dortmund is supported by urban planners an extensive network of cycle paths exists which had its beginnings in the 1980s Dortmund was admitted to the German Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Friendly Cities and Municipalities in NRW AGFS on August 8 2007 Dortumund is connected to a number of long distance cycle paths and a Bike freeway called the Radschnellweg Ruhr Ruhr Area Fast Cycle Path Rail transport Edit Dortmund central railway station As with most communes in the Ruhr area local transport is carried out by a local publicly owned company for transport within the city the DB Regio subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn for regional transport and Deutsche Bahn itself for long distance journeys The local carrier Dortmunder Stadtwerke DSW21 is a member of the Verkehrsverbund Rhein Ruhr VRR association of public transport companies in the Ruhr area which provides a uniform fare structure in the whole region Within the VRR region tickets are valid on lines of all members as well as DB s railway lines except the high speed InterCity and Intercity Express networks and can be bought at ticket machines and service centres of DSW21 all other members of VRR and DB The central train station Dortmund Hauptbahnhof is the third largest long distance traffic junction in Germany Dortmund has a railway service with Deutsche Bahn InterCity and ICE trains stopping at Dortmund Hauptbahnhof Dortmund Main Station ICE and TGV Thalys high speed trains link Dortmund with Amsterdam Brussels in 2h 30 and Paris in 3h 50 There are frequent ICE trains to other German cities including Frankfurt am Main Berlin and other cities in the Rhein Ruhr Region Public transportation Edit For public transportation the city has an extensive Stadtbahn and bus system The Stadtbahn has eight lines U41 to U47 and U49 serving Dortmund and the large suburb of Lunen in the north The trains that run on the line are in fact lightrails as many lines travel along a track in the middle of the street instead of underground further from the city centre The minimum service interval is 2 5 minutes although the usual pattern is that each line runs at 5 to 10 minute intervals On Sundays the trains run at a 15 minute interval In April 2008 the newly constructed east west underground light rail line was opened completing the underground service in the city centre and replacing the last trams on the surface 50 A number of bus lines complete the Dortmund public transport system Night buses replace Stadtbahn services between 1 30 am and 7 30 am on weekends and public holidays The central junction for the night bus service is Reinoldikirche in the city centre where all night bus lines start and end The H Bahn at Dortmund University of Technology is a hanging monorail built specifically to shuttle passengers between the university s two campuses 51 which are now also flanked by research laboratories and other high tech corporations and startups A nearly identical monorail system transfers passengers at Dusseldorf Airport 52 Air transport Edit Dortmund Airport is a medium sized but fast growing airport 13 km 8 1 mi east of the city centre at the city limit to Holzwickede 53 The airport serves the area of the Ruhrgebiet Sauerland Westphalia and parts of the Netherlands and features flights to Munich London Vienna Porto and a lot of eastern European city and leisure destinations The airport is served by an express bus to Dortmund main station a shuttle bus to the nearby railway station Holzwickede Dortmund Flughafen a bus to the city s metro line U47 as well as a bus to the city of Unna In 2019 the airport served 2 719 563 passengers 54 mainly used for low cost and leisure charter flights The closest intercontinental airport is Dusseldorf Airport Water transport Edit Dortmund Harbour Hafen is the largest canal harbour in Europe and the 11th fluvial harbour in Germany Transport in Dortmund Interchange station Mollerbrucke ICE 3 on the Dortmund Hauptbahnhof Stadtbahnwagen B Light Rail Vehicle Bombardier Flexity Classic tram Metropolrad Ruhr City Bike Horde Bahnhof second biggest in Dortmund Dortmund Airport Main Terminal T2 Economy Edit Central business district Wallring Central Business District Rheinlanddamm Future location Lake Phoenix and Phoenix East Dortmund has adapted since the collapse of its century long steel coal and beer industries The region has shifted to high technology robotics biomedical technology micro systems technology engineering tourism finance education services and is thus one of the most dynamic new economy cities in Germany In 2009 Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow 5 Hundreds of SMEs are still based in and around Dortmund often termed Mittelstand Dortmund is also home to a number of medium sized information technology companies 55 many linked to the local university TU Dortmund at the first technology center in Germany named Technologiepark Dortmund opened in the 1980s With around 280 companies like Boehringer Ingelheim and Verizon Communications and more than 8 500 employees TechnologiePark Dortmund is one of the most successful technology parks in Europe The city works closely with research institutes private universities and companies to collaborate on the commercialisation of science initiatives 56 Furthermore 680 IT and software companies with 12 000 employees are based in Dortmund making the city one of Germany s biggest software locations Two of the top 10 IT service providers in Germany are based in Dortmund adesso SE and Materna Group 57 Dortmund is home to many insurance companies e g Signal Iduna Continentale Krankenversicherung Bundesinnungskrankenkasse Gesundheit BIG direkt and Volkswohl Bund In recent years a service sector and high tech industry have grown up Some of its most prominent companies of these sectors include Amprion and RWE Westnetz Electricity Rhenus Logistics Logistics Wilo KHS GmbH Elmos Semiconductor ABP Induction Systems Nordwest Handel AG all of whom have their headquarters here Companies with operations in or around Dortmund include Zalando Daimler AG EvoBus RapidMiner Gap Inc and ThyssenKrupp Dortmund is also the headquarter of Century Media Records a heavy metal record label with offices in the United States and London In August 2015 Century Media was acquired by Sony Music for US 17 million 58 Tourism Edit Cityring Concert Freedom Square Tourism in Dortmund is a fast growing economic factor every year new overnight records can be announced new hotels open and new visitor magnets are added 59 Starting in the mid 1990s Dortmund formerly an industrial centre saw rapid development that expanded its cultural and tourism possibilities and transformed it into a newly vibrant city An important strategic step was the start of construction the new Konzerthaus Dortmund the reuse of vacant old industrial buildings like the Zollern II IV Colliery Kokerei Hansa Dortmund U Tower and the strategic reorientation of the Dortmund Christmas market with over 300 stalls packed around a gigantic Christmas tree creation that stands 45 metres tall reputed to be the biggest in the world A new Tourist Information center right next to the U Tower gives visitors a quick overview of the tourist attractions in the City and Ruhr Area 60 Today Dortmund is with more than 1 450 528 2017 overnight stays one of the most popular destinations in North Rhine Westphalia 61 The majority of tourists are domestic visitors coming from Germany International travellers arrive from the United Kingdom Netherlands Austria and Switzerland Dortmund also draws business tourism having been equipped with facilities like WILO Amprion next to Westfalenhallen and football tourism with Fans of Borussia Dortmund 62 The top 5 most visited attractions were the Christmas market with more than three and a half million visitors Signal Iduna Park Deutsches Fussballmuseum Dortmund U Tower Zollern II IV Colliery and Westfalenpark 63 Shopping Edit Westenhellweg The Westenhellweg is a popular shopping destination and with nearly 13 000 visitors per hour it was Germany s most frequented shopping street in 2013 64 During the Middle Ages Dortmund was the only free imperial city in Westphalia having already been regarded as an important centre of trade Today some of the most reputed shops department stores have stores here It is a pedestrian only area and is bordered by the Reinoldikirche in the east and U Tower in the west The Westenhellweg has one of the highest rents for retail and office space in North Rhine Westphalia 65 85 percent of the shops are retail chains such as H amp M Saturn Esprit Zara or NewYorker In 2009 a new shopping mall named Thier Galerie opened with nearly 100 stores and chains including Armani Adidas Diesel and Hollister Three more shopping malls occupy the Thier Galerie Galeria Kaufhof and Karstadt as well as large fashion retail clothing stores from Peek amp Cloppenburg and C amp A During the month before Christmas the extended pedestrian only zone is host to Dortmund Christmas Market one of the largest and oldest Christmas markets in Germany With more than 3 5 million visitors and 300 stalls around a gigantic Christmas tree that stands 45 metres tall it is one of the most visited and popular market in the world 66 In close proximity to the Dortmund concert hall lies the Bruckstrassenviertel a quarter hub especially for young people The Rue de Pommes Frites which is what the Dortmund citizens have called the Bruckstrasse has turned into a modern shopping promenade geared towards a younger market For a long time the Kampstrasse had a shadowy existence as a parallel street to the Westenhellweg and Ostenhellweg but it has become a grand boulevard containing specialist stores Right next to the Kampstrasse is the Kleppingstrasse a shopping street with a high concentration of gastronomy and expensive prestigious shops like van Laack Lindner Fashion Marc Cain It is located between the Ostenhellweg and Neutor to Wallring Port and logistics Edit Logistic Hub Harbour Dortmund is one of the most important logistic hubs in Germany more than 900 companies working in logistics as well as nationally and internationally recognised scientific institutes Dortmund Port which terminates the Dortmund Ems Canal connecting Dortmund to the North Sea is the biggest European canal port with 10 docks and a pier length of 11 km The variety of different activities taking place at the Fraunhofer Institute Material Flow and Logistics Fraunhofer Society has over the past few years led to a bundling of skills in the areas of logistics and digitalisation in the city Industry based initiatives and pilot projects such as the Hybrid Services in Logistics innovation lab the efficiency cluster LogistikRuhr Industrial Data Space the Dortmund Mittelstand 4 0 Centre of Excellence and the enterprise labs The Digital Hub for Logistics of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action is based in Dortmund and twinned with Hamburg Companies with big logistic hubs for Germany and Europe in Dortmund include Amazon IKEA Decathlon Rhenus Logistics Schenker AG TEDi GmbH amp Co KGFairs Edit Dortmund is home to Germany s twelve biggest exhibition centre Halls of Westphalia which lies near the city center next to Dortmund Airport With around 77 000 visitors each year Jagd amp Hund is by far the largest event held there Other important fairs open to consumers include Intermodelbau the world s biggest consumer fair for model making and one of the leading fairs for youth culture YOU Important fairs restricted to professionals include D I M Deutsche Immobilienmesse German property fair Creativa Hobby and InterTabac Tabaco 67 Messe Dortmund Logo Main Hall Rosenterassen south entrance HeadquarterFederal Agency and public organisations Edit Dortmund is home of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health the National Material Testing Office of North Rhine Westphalia material and the main customs office Consulates Edit As a profoundly international city Dortmund hosts diplomatic missions consulates and consulates general of Italy 68 Greece 69 Bangladesh 70 Ghana 71 South Africa 72 the Czech Republic 72 and Slovenia 73 Courts Edit Several courts are located in Dortmund including Landgericht Dortmund Regional Court Dortmund Amtsgericht Dortmund Local Court Dortmund Sozialgericht Dortmund Social Court Dortmund Arbeitsgericht Dortmund Employment Court Dortmund Media Edit This section is empty You can help by adding to it July 2022 Harenberg City Center Newspapers Edit Two important daily newspapers are published in and around Dortmund The conservative Ruhr Nachrichten also known as RN was founded in 1949 The RN has a circulation of over 225 000 copies daily The other important newspaper the Westfalische Rundschau was first published in 1945 and has a daily circulation of over 181 000 The WR is published by Germany s third largest newspaper and magazine publisher Funke Mediengruppe Magazines Edit Several magazines also originate from Dortmund The Rock Rock hard magazine is a metal and hard rock magazine with subsidiaries in various countries worldwide including France Spain Brazil Portugal Italy and Greece Visions is a German music magazine with a circulation of approximately 35 000 Radio and TV Edit Westfalentower regional studio of Sat 1 The Westdeutscher Rundfunk WDR West German Broadcasting Cologne has a sizable studio in Dortmund which is responsible for the east Ruhr area Each day it produces a 30 minute regional evening news magazine called Lokalzeit Ruhr a 5 minute afternoon news programme and several radio news programmes A local broadcasting station called Radio 91 2 went on the air in the early 1990s Sat 1 have a regional studio in Dortmund The City stands alongside London and Paris as one of the three head offices of Global Tamil Vision and GTV Deutschland 74 Two big Radio Channels of Westdeutscher Rundfunk are sending from Dortmund WDR 2 featuring adult oriented popular music focuses strongly on national and regional news current affairs and sport WDR 4 motto Meine Lieblingshits my favourite hits is a channel aimed chiefly towards an older audience 75 Its focus is on tuneful music in particular oldies and classic hits 76 popular music of the 1960s to the 1980s or later with more specialized programming operetta country folk in the evenings Around 30 40 of WDR 4 s musical output is made up of German language songs Other radio broadcasters include Radio NRW and eldoradio Film Edit The films Trains n Roses Bang Boom Bang Oi Warning Do Fish Do It If It Don t Fit Use a Bigger Hammer Guys and Balls Goldene Zeiten Marija and television series Tatort Balko Helden der Kreisklasse and more German movies like The Crocodiles de Die Libelle und das Nashorn Ein Schnitzel fur alle Young Light de and Radio Heimat de were filmed in the city Education EditDortmund has 160 schools and 17 business technical colleges teach more than 85 000 pupils The city has a 4 year primary education program After completing primary school students continue to the Hauptschule Realschule Gesamtschule or Gymnasium college preparatory school The Stadtgymnasium Dortmund which was founded in 1543 as Archigymnasium is one of the oldest schools in Europe 77 The Leibniz Gymnasium a bilingual public school located in the Kreuzviertel district is particularly popular with children of the English speaking expatriate community The school is an International Baccalaureate school 78 The Goethe Gymnasium was founded in 1867 as the first school offering higher education to girls in the city It has been a NRW Sportschule focused on sports from 2009 Higher education Edit TU Dortmund Technical University of Dortmund was founded in 1968 and is located in the southern part of the city It has about 30 000 students and offers a wide range of subjects in of physics electrical engineering chemistry spatial planning and economics The university has a dedicated railroad station at the campus s main gate the journey from the city center lasting merely seven minutes The university is highly ranked in terms of its research performance in the areas of physics electrical engineering chemistry and economics 79 The university s most noticeable landmark is the H Bahn a monorail train which connects the north and south campuses Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts is a Fachhochschule with 12 300 students and 669 staff 232 of which are professors The Fachhochschule was created by a merger of several institutions of higher learning in 1971 Owing to its history as separate institutions it consists of three campuses in different parts of Dortmund The departments of mechanical and electrical engineering are located at Sonnenstrasse near the city center The department of design has its own campus at Max Ophuls Platz while the departments of social work economics computer science and architecture are housed in several buildings next to the Technical University of Dortmund campus in the suburb of Eichlinghofen Additional offices in the city centre are used for administrative purposes The city is the site of several other universities colleges and academies which attract about 45 000 students 35 Among them there are FOM Hochschule fur Oekonomie amp Management Standort Dortmund Academy for management founded in 1993 Fachhochschule fur offentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein Westfalen Academy for public administration International School of Management Private academy focussing on management and economics founded in 1990 IT Center Dortmund Private college founded in 2000 International University of Applied Sciences Bad Honnef Bonn is a private state recognised university of business and management TU Dortmund Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts Department of at Design Max Ophuls Platz Department of ArchitectureResearch Edit The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions such as the Fraunhofer Society the Leibniz Association and the Max Planck Society which are independent of or only loosely connected to its universities 80 citation needed Livability and quality of life Edit Dortmund is one of the least stressful cities in the world In November 2017 according to a study by data of the German National Statistics Office the National Employment Agency Mercer Handelsblatt Numbeo and Immowelt Dortmund was ranked on position seven of the most livable cities in Germany for expats 81 In September 2017 The New York Times praised the city of Dortmund which has been adapting since the collapse of its century old steel and coal industries and has shifted to high technology biomedical technology micro systems technology and other services as the hidden star of structural change providing a good quality of life for employees 82 According to the 2017 Global Least amp Most Stressful Cities Ranking Dortmund is one of the least stressful cities in the world It s ranked 27th out of 150 between Copenhagen and Vancouver and is highly ranked in the categories traffic amp public transport gender equality and debt per capital 83 Like a Phoenix Rising from the Ashes and exemplary for structural transformation This was the title of an article in the online version on Neue Zurcher Zeitung of the urban livability and new exceptional architecture in Dortmund 84 In a 2015 2016 survey centred on student life in Germany Dortmund ranked as seventh best 85 In a 2012 study of the most livable biggest cities in Germany Dortmund ranked on position ten between Nuremberg and Stuttgart and first of all large cities in Germany due to sport gastronomy and shopping opportunities 86 In 2009 Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovation Cities Index published by 2thinknow 5 and in 2014 acclaimed as the most sustainable city in Germany 7 Culture Edit The new opera house is one of the biggest theaters in Germany The Konzerthaus Dortmund is one of the most outstanding concert halls in Europe The city has a long tradition of music and theatre The orchestra was founded in 1887 and is now called Dortmunder Philharmoniker The first opera house was built in 1904 destroyed in World War II and opened again in 1966 as Opernhaus Dortmund It is operated by Theater Dortmund together with other locations including since 2002 the Konzerthaus Dortmund The Konzerthaus Dortmund is listed in the ECHO list as one of the 21 most outstanding concert halls in Europe 87 The Domicil Jazz Club is one of the 100 best jazz venues world wide according to the American jazz magazine DownBeat 88 The Dortmund U Tower which was once a brewery is now European centre for creative economy and the Museum am Ostwall The area around the U Tower called Union Viertel is part of the Creative Quarters Ruhr and are rooted in the European Capital of Culture RUHR 2010 Dortmund leading cabaret stage is the Cabaret Queue which is located next to Lake phoenix Some other famous cabaret stages are the Fletch Bizzel and the theatre Olpktetal The most important cabaret event is the RuhrHOCHdeutsch which is one of the most successful cabaret festivals in Germany It features artists from around the world Dortmund is also famous for its Christmas market which draws well over three and a half million visitors to its 300 stalls around a gigantic Christmas tree creation that stands 45 metres tall The market is famous for its handmade ornaments and delicacies Recreation Edit Botanischer Garten Rombergpark Florianturm Westfalenpark Juicy Beats Festival Westfalenpark The Botanischer Garten Rombergpark or informally Rombergpark is an extensive municipal arboretum and botanical garden located in the south of the city center of Dortmund With its total area of 65 hectares the Rombergpark is one of the largest botanical gardens in the world The garden was established in 1822 as the Romberg family s English landscape park In 1927 1929 it was acquired by the city and under city planning director Richard Nose enhanced by a small herb garden The park and castle were badly damaged in World War II but starting in 1950 director Gerd Krussmann rebuilt it as an arboretum adding some 4 500 species to the park Today the garden contains a historic English landscape park with monuments an arboretum containing thousands of species of woody plants including some of the largest trees in North Rhine Westphalia a terrace with palm trees and four greenhouses 1 000 m2 total area for cactus and succulents ferns tropical plants and camellias jasmine and lemons The Dortmund Zoo is the zoological garden with 28 hectares next to the Rombergpark and was founded 1953 With 1 800 animals belonging to 250 species the Dortmund Zoo is the second largest in the Ruhr Valley It is specialized in the keeping and breeding of South American species and is leading in the breeding of the giant anteater the tamandua and the giant otter 89 The Westfalenpark is Dortmunds s most popular inner city park The park is 72 hectares in size and is one of the largest urban gardens of Germany It was first opened in 1959 as the second Bundesgartenschau abbr BUGA in North Rhine Westphalia With the National Rosarium with 3 000 different rose varieties theme gardens an environmental protection centre the German Cookbook Museum a geological garden cafes and recreation areas it provides numerous opportunities for a day of diverse activities Dortmund s Westfalenpark is also a popular location for events in the Ruhr area with parties festivals events theatre music and flea and garden markets One of the best views across the whole Ruhr valley is offered by the visitors platform and the revolving restaurant in the 209 metre high Florian tower Another summer attraction is the chair lift which opened in 1959 and runs on Sundays between a Mountain and Valley station 500 metres apart 90 Museums Edit With more than 20 museums Dortmund has one of the largest variety of museums in the Ruhr Valley one of which the LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II IV Colliery is an anchor point on the European Route of Industrial Heritage 91 Museum of Art and Cultural History The Museum am Ostwall known as Museum am Ostwall until 2010 is a museum of modern and contemporary art It was founded in the late 1940s and has been located in the Dortmund U Tower since 2010 The collection includes paintings sculptures objects and photographs from the 20th century plus over 2 500 graphics spanning Expressionism through classic modern art to the present day At the heart of the collection are works by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Otto Mueller Emil Nolde and graphics by Pablo Picasso from the 1940s and 50s plus others by Joan Miro Marc Chagall and Salvador Dali The German Football Museum German Deutsches Fussballmuseum aka DFB Museum is the national museum for German football It is located close to the Dortmund Hauptbahnhof and is part of an art and culture mile between the creative center Dortmund U Tower and the Theater Dortmund founded to preserve conserve and interpret important collections of football memorabilia In its permanent exhibition the Museum presents the history of Germany national football team and the Bundesliga Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition The Museum fur Kunst und Kulturgeschichte or MKK Museum of Art and Cultural History is a municipal museum located in an Art Deco building which was formerly the Dortmund Savings Bank The collection includes paintings sculptures furniture and applied art illustrating the cultural history of Dortmund from early times to the 20th century There are regular temporary exhibitions of art and culture as well as a permanent exhibition on the history of surveying with rare geodetic instruments 92 The Steinwache is a memorial museum of the exhibition Widerstand und Verfolgung in Dortmund 1933 1945 Resistance and Persecution in Dortmund 1933 1945 which demonstrates the persecution under National Socialism with many photographs short texts and sometimes with reports from contemporary witnesses The museum is located in an old prison and had a reputation as Die Holle von Westdeutschland The hell of western Germany Between 1933 and 1945 more than 66 000 people were imprisoned in the Steinwache prison Other important museums in Dortmund are DASA Arbeitswelt Ausstellung Germany Occupational Health and Safety Exhibition Architecture Archive North Rhine Westphalia Borusseum Museum of Borussia Dortmund LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II IV Colliery Germany s first technical building monument of international importance Museum of natural history Dortmund Brewery museum HOESCH MuseumNot directly located in Dortmund but important for the city history Henrichenburg boat lift Is a popular destination for cyclists along the canals of the northern Ruhr area Festivals and nightlife Edit Mayday 2009 Westfalenhallen Dortmund offers a variety of restaurants bars and clubs Clubs concentrate in and around the city centre Wallring and in the Kreuzviertel district After the Molotov in Hamburg and the Berghain in Berlin the FZW Freizeitzentrum West in the Union district is one of the three best clubs in Germany With 307 events in 2015 including concerts parties festivals readings and football public viewings have strengthened the FZW s reputation as an it club in the Ruhr region 93 Furthermore Dortmund is one of the main centres of the Electronic dance music and techno subculture With the Mayday and Syndicate festivals the Westfalenhalle Arena has become one of the most important techno strongholds in Europe After negotiations with several German cities it was announced that the Love Parade would move to the Ruhr Area for five years 2007 2012 After Essen in 2007 the festival took 2008 place on the Bundesstrasse 1 under the motto Highway of Love The event was planned as a Love Weekend with parties throughout the region For the first time the Turkish electronic scene was represented by its own float called Turkish Delights The official estimate is that 1 6 million visitors attended making it the largest parade to date 94 Every year the Juicy Beats music festival turns the Westfalenpark into a huge festival ground for pop rap electro indie alternative reggae and urban beats most recently with over 50 000 visitors Cuisine Edit Traditional bakery for Dortmunder Salzkuchen Dortmunder Export Panhas Traditional meals in the region are Pfefferpotthast A form of Goulash though containing more beef Balkenbrij Heaven and Earth Himmel und Ad black pudding with stewed apples mixed with mashed potatoes Currywurst and Pumpernickel with Griebenschmalz German lard with crispy pieces of pork skin In summer the people like to eat a Dortmunder Salzkuchen Bread buns with caraway fruits salt meat and onions Also a special meal in the winter is Reibekuchen fried potato pancake served with apple sauce Dortmund had more than 550 years of brewing tradition some of the oldest breweries in Westphalia are founded around the Old Market in Dortmund Dortmund is known for its pale lager beer called Dortmunder Export or Dortmunder it became popular with industrial workers and was responsible for Dortmunder Union becoming Germany s largest brewery and Dortmund having the highest concentration of breweries in Germany Popular and traditionally beer brands are Dortmunder Actien Brauerei Bergmann Bier Kronen Union Brinkhoff s Dortmunder Hansa Hovels Ritter Thier and Stifts 95 Stosschen is a beer in a small glass Stosschen 0 2 litres and can be drunk in about two draughts The idea of a Stosschen came about in the 19th century when people would have to wait at the level crossing to cross the Nordstadt Railway Line that divided the city centre from the Nordstadt district A local innkeeper saw the potential of serving quick drinks to people waiting and a Dortmund tradition began 96 The Dortmunder Tropfen Schnaps is a type of liqueur that is flavored with herbs or spices and traditionally drunk neat as a digestif 97 Sports Edit Headquarters of the Borussia Dortmund sports club BVB Headquarter DHB Dortmund calls itself Sportstadt City of Sports The city is the home of the biggest handball association in the world the German Handball Association German Deutscher Handballbund DHB and the German professional handball league Handball Bundesliga HBL Furthermore Dortmund is home of the Olympic centre of Westphalia The city is home of many sports clubs iconic athletes and annually organises several world renowned sporting events such as the Ruhrmarathon and the Sparkassen Chess Meeting Football Edit Signal Iduna Park the home stadium of Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund is the biggest stadium in Germany Dortmund is home to the sports club Borussia Dortmund one of the most successful clubs in German football history Borussia Dortmund are former Bundesliga champions most recently in 2011 12 98 Borussia Dortmund won the UEFA Champions League and the Intercontinental Cup in 1997 as well as the UEFA Cup Winners Cup in 1966 Die Borussen are eight time German Champions and have won five German Cups Borussia Dortmund play at Westfalenstadion currently known as Signal Iduna Park It was built for the 1974 FIFA World Cup and also hosted some matches of the 2006 FIFA World Cup It is Germany s largest football stadium with a maximum capacity of 81 359 spectators 99 Stadion Rote Erde Handball Edit Borussia Dortmund has a women s handball team playing in the first Bundesliga Table tennis Edit Borussia Dortmund also has a table tennis team playing in the second Bundesliga American football Edit The Dortmund Giants established on 22 May 1980 is an American football team from Dortmund The official name of the club is 1 Dortmunder Footballclub Dortmund 1980 Giants e V The club spent the 1994 season in the 2 Bundesliga before dropping for two seasons to the third tier Regionalliga West Five more 2 Bundesliga seasons followed from 1997 to 2001 the final one in a combined team with the Bochum Cadets as the Dortmund B1 Giants 100 After a five season spell in the Regionalliga the club finished the 2014 season without a win and had to return to the Oberliga once more 100 101 102 Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen Ice hockey Edit Eisadler Dortmund is the city s ice hockey club that plays in Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen an indoor sporting arena at the Strobelallee They played in 2016 17 in the Oberliga the third level of ice hockey in Germany Basketball Edit The city s basketball club is SVD 49 Dortmund basketball team plays in its respective second national divisions Baseball Edit The city s baseball club Dortmund Wanderers plays in the first Bundesliga Other sports Edit The Sparkassen Chess Meeting has been hosted in Dortmund since 1982 Besides Dortmund owns an all weather racecourse named Galopprennbahn Dortmund Germany portalTwin towns sister cities EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany Dortmund is twinned with Leeds United Kingdom 1949 Amiens France 1960 Rostov on Don Russia 1973 Buffalo United States 1979 Netanya Israel 1980 Novi Sad Serbia 1981 Zwickau Germany 1989 Xi an China 1991 Trabzon Turkey 2014 Notable people EditBorn before 1900 Edit Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus Wilhelm Canaris 1940 Marco Reus Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus 1772 1823 publisher founder of the publishing house F A Brockhaus and editor of Brockhaus Encyclopedia William Middendorf 1793 1853 theologian and educator Emil Anneke 1823 1888 revolutionary and American journalist and lawyer Wilhelm Lubke 1826 1893 art historian Henry C Berghoff 1856 1925 lawyer businessman and politician Adolf Schmal 1872 1919 Austrian sportsman Wilhelm Canaris 1887 1945 admiral and chief of the military intelligence service Richard Drauz 1894 1946 executed as a war criminal headed up the NSDAP in the Heilbronn district Friedrich Schubert 1897 1947 World War II Nazi war criminal executedBorn 1901 1950 Edit Walter Haenisch 1905 1938 author communist victim of Stalinism Walter Blume 1906 1974 lawyer and SS officer Fritz Henle 1909 1993 photographer Albrecht Brandi 1914 1966 naval officer Heinz Stahlschmidt 1919 2010 sergeant and fire fighter Dieter Wellershoff 1933 2005 admiral Inspector General of the Bundeswehr Gerhard Cyliax 1934 2008 football player Elga Andersen 1935 1994 actress and singer Hans Tilkowski 1935 2020 football goalkeeper and coach Dieter Fenske born 1942 inorganic chemist Christine Haidegger 1942 2021 Austrian writer Annegret Richter born 1950 sprinter Hermann Spieckermann born 1950 Protestant theologianBorn after 1950 Edit Klaus Niedzwiedz born 1951 racing driver and television presenter Beate West Leuer born 1951 professor psychotherapist consultant and coach Eve Stratford born 1953 Playboy Club Bunny and victim of unsolved murder in London in 1975 Ulla Burchardt born 1954 politician SPD Klaus Segbers born 1954 political scientist and professor Antony Theodore born 1954 poet educator and social worker Susanne Kippenberger born 1957 journalist and writer Achim Peters born 1957 obesity specialist Barbara Havliza born 1958 politician CDU and judge Dietmar Bar born 1961 actor Stefan Heinig born 1962 director and shareholder Martin Zawieja born 1963 weightlifter Ralf Husmann born 1964 writer producer and author Vincent Mennie born 1964 Scottish footballer Matthias Kohring born 1965 media and communications scientist Marco Werner born 1966 racing driver Andre Erkau born 1968 director and screenwriter Florian Schwarthoff born 1968 hurdler bronze medallist in 110m hurdles at the 1996 Olympic Games Yasemin Samdereli born 1973 film director and screenwriter Kevin Grosskreutz born 1988 football player Marco Reus born 1989 football playerReferences Edit The historical capital and cultural centre of Westphalia is however Munster Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020 Land Nordrhein Westfalen accessed 19 June 2021 Bevolkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein Westfalens am 31 Dezember 2021 in German Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW Retrieved 20 June 2022 a b Wikimedia Commons First documentary reference to Dortmund Bovinghausen from 882 contribution list of the Werden Abbey near Essen North Rhine Westphalia Germany a b Support Main Menu Backtonormandy org Archived from the original on 13 August 2017 Retrieved 16 February 2017 a b c d 2thinknow Innovation Cities Global 256 Index 27 October 2009 Archived from the original on 9 April 2014 Retrieved 30 July 2010 Icapitel Europe 2019 Finalist Ec europa eu a b c Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie Deutschlands nachhaltigste Grossstadte 2014 Archived from the original on 10 February 2017 Retrieved 14 September 2016 Die Stadt Dortmund ist Sieger in der Kategorie Digitalste Stadt Deutschlands 2018 Archived from the original on 22 October 2018 Retrieved 14 September 2018 Tourismus Uber 860 000 Tourist innen besuchten Dortmund in 2019 Erneuter Zuwachs bei Ubernachtungszahlen Alle Nachrichten Nachrichtenportal Leben in Dortmund Stadtportal dortmund de Dortmund de Schmidt Dirk 18 February 2020 Tourismus 4 5 mehr Ubernachtungen im Ruhrgebiet Ruhr today Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 1 September 2021 Retrieved 6 March 2020 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Dortmund Create Your Future Digital Business Digitalhublogistics com Retrieved 8 March 2022 Flughafen Dortmund stellt 2019 deutlichen Passagierrekord auf Airliners de Norbert Reimann I Das Werden der Stadt Die Anfange Der Konigshof Karls des Grossen In Stadtarchiv Dortmund Hrsg Geschichte der Stadt Dortmund Harenberg Dortmund 1994 ISBN 3 611 00397 2 S 24 25 Reihe Dortmunder Leistungen Band 2 Detlef Rothe Rekonstruktion der Sachsischen Wallburg Sigiburg citing Werner Rolevinck and the Royal Frankish Annals 1 Biographie Deutsche Widukind Deutsche Biographie Deutsche biographie de Rudolf Kotzschke ed Die Urbare der Abtei Werden a d Ruhr Publikationen der Gesellschaft fur rheinische Geschichtskunde XX Rheinische Urbare Bd 2 A Die Urbare vom 9 13 Jahrhundert Hrsg von Rudolf Kotzschke Bonn 1908 Nachdruck Dusseldorf 1978 Bd 3 B Lagerbucher Hebe und Zinsregister vom 14 bis ins 17 Jahrhundert Bonn 1908 Nachdruck Dusseldorf 1978 Bd 4 I Einleitung und Register I Namenregister Hrsg von Fritz Korholz Dusseldorf 1978 Bd 4 II Einleitung Kapitel IV Die Wirtschaftsverfassung und Verwaltung der Grossgrundherrschaft Werden Sachregister Hrsg von Rudolf Kotzschke Bonn 1958 a b Britannica 1910 sfn error no target CITEREFBritannica1910 help a b Ring 1995 sfn error no target CITEREFRing1995 help Ruhrkampf Her mit der Kohle SPIEGEL ONLINE Archived from the original on 2 February 2014 Retrieved 28 November 2017 Historisches Centrum Hagen Chronik 1945 in German Retrieved 3 June 2009 A Schildt Die Sozialgeschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis 1989 90 Munich Oldenbourg 2007 Stanton Shelby World War II Order of Battle An Encyclopedic Reference to U S Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division 1939 1946 Revised Edition 2006 Stackpole Books p 171 The Zollern Colliery LWL Industrial Museum Retrieved 24 April 2017 Hennings 1990 sfn error no target CITEREFHennings1990 help Lake Phoenix Stadt Dortmund Retrieved 24 April 2017 4 000 pound World War II bomb forces mass evacuation in Germany CBS News Retrieved 3 November 2013 Geografie amp Klima Stadtportrat Leben in Dortmund Stadtportal dortmund de web archive org 15 January 2013 Archived from the original on 15 January 2013 Retrieved 19 March 2020 Klima Deutschland Dortmund Klimadiagramm Klimatabelle WetterKontor Wetterkontor de Retrieved 12 March 2013 a b Dortmund 2012 Mehr Einwohner mehr Studierende mehr Ubernachtungen Nachrichtenportal Leben in Dortmund Stadtportal Dortmund de 31 December 2012 Archived from the original on 11 February 2013 Retrieved 12 March 2013 Volmerich Oliver 31 May 2013 Dortmund hat weniger Einwohner als angenommen Derwesten de Volmerich Oliver 11 November 2016 Dortmund zahlt wieder mehr als 600 000 Einwohner Derwesten de Link Statistisches Jahrbuch 2017 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 15 November 2017 Retrieved 31 December 2017 a b http dev statistik dortmund de project assets template1 jsp col 2 amp content me amp smi 10 2 4 amp tid 66334 permanent dead link Statistische Jahrbucher Stadtportal Dortmund Archived from the original on 14 August 2018 Retrieved 26 August 2016 Kirchentag 2019 Stadtportal Dortmund Dortmunder Stadtepartnerschaften dortmund de in German Dortmund Retrieved 12 February 2021 Wiederaufbau 20 Jahrhundert heute Stadtgeschichte Stadtportrait Leben in Dortmund Stadtportal dortmund de Dortmund de Archived from the original on 2 February 2018 Retrieved 20 December 2018 Mietspiegel und Immobilienpreise von Dortmund Capital Archived from the original on 28 December 2017 Retrieved 29 November 2017 a b Die Stadt im Wiederaufbau Dortmund de Dortmund Boosts Efforts to Integrate Bulgarian and Romanian Immigrants SPIEGEL ONLINE Archived from the original on 30 March 2016 Retrieved 3 April 2016 BVB 09 Back to our History 1909 Borussia Dortmund bvb de Bvb de ecce european centre for creative economy Kreativ Quartiere Ruhr E c c e de Phoenix Lake Eglv de Archived from the original on 12 February 2019 Retrieved 17 February 2017 Phoenix See Leisure amp Culture dortmund de Dortmund de webpage Environment Ministry Archived from the original on 23 December 2015 Retrieved 14 September 2015 What is the Industrial Heritage Trail Retrieved 2 May 2009 Aktuelle Finanznachrichten und Borseninfos direkt von der Quelle Dgap de Neuer U Bahn Tunnel keine Strassenbahn mehr in Dortmunder City Oliver Volmerich 25 April 2008 Archived from the original on 14 September 2008 Retrieved 28 August 2008 H Bahn Route map Retrieved 3 June 2009 H Bahn Sky Train Dusseldorf Archived from the original on 13 August 2007 Retrieved 3 June 2009 Arriving by car Dortmund Airport Retrieved 3 June 2009 2 7 Millionen Passagiere am Flughafen Dortmund aeroTELEGRAPH in Swiss High German 6 January 2020 Retrieved 22 February 2020 The new Dortmund space for change Stadt Dortmund City of Dortmund Economic Development Agency Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 The new Dortmund space for change Stadt Dortmund City of 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2015 Nature Index Retrieved 20 April 2016 RANKING GERMANY S TOP CITIES 2017 Frankfurt expats 8 November 2017 In Germany Blue Collar Jobs Provide Bulwark to Populism The New York Times 21 September 2017 BUSINESS TRAVELLER Revealed The world s least stressful cities CNN November 2017 Phoenix ohne Asche Phhoenixsee Neue Zurcher Zeitung March 2016 Beliebte Studentenstadte Wo es sich am besten leben lernen und feiern 25 November 2007 Retrieved 2 August 2016 via RP Online Lebensqualitat deutscher Grossstadte PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2 June 2014 European Concert Hall Organisation ECHO Concerthallorganisation eu Retrieved 8 March 2022 domicil Dortmund Live Music Club amp Bar Jazz World Music Avantgarde About us in english Domicil dortmund de Top 10 Arten Tiere im Zoo Zoo Dortmund Freizeit amp Kultur Stadtportal dortmund de Dortmund de Charles amp Brigid Quest Ritson The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses Dorling Kindersley 2003 p 419 ERIH Entry LWL Industrial Museum Zollern II IV Colliery European Route of Industrial Heritage 2014 Archived from the original on 22 September 2014 Retrieved 15 January 2015 Kurzportrat Das Museum Museum fur Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Museen Freizeit Kultur Tourismus Dortmund de Schoo Jana 19 January 2016 Rangliste FZW gehort zu den besten Clubs der Republik Volmerich Oliver 21 July 2008 Feucht frohlich friedlich Ruhr Nachrichten Dortmunder Zeitung pp DOLO1x1 in German language Dortmund Pub Guide the best beer bars pubs and brewpubs Europeanbeerguide net Archived from the original on 17 May 2017 Retrieved 18 November 2017 Dortmund Thebeergeek com Brennerei Kramer Shop August kraemer de BVB 09 Back to Our History Retrieved 10 November 2017 Fakten amp Kurioses Signal Induna Park official website Archived from the original on 31 January 2011 Retrieved 10 February 2011 a b Football History in German Historic American football tables from Germany accessed 28 September 2015 Regionalliga tables amp results in German football aktueell de accessed 28 September 2015 Oberliga tables amp results in German football aktueell de accessed 28 September 2015Bibliography EditSee also Bibliography of the history of DortmundExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dortmund Dortmund Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 8 11th ed 1911 Dortmund travel guide from Wikivoyage Official website in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dortmund amp oldid 1134096605, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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