In 1806, in the reorganization of Germany occasioned by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Maximilian I Joseph, now King of Bavaria, ceded Berg to Napoleon in return for the Principality of Ansbach. On 15 March 1806, the French emperor put Berg under the rule of his brother-in-law Joachim Murat, including territories of the former Prussian Duchy of Cleves east of the Rhine river.[1] Murat's arms combined the red lion of Berg with the Cleves arms. The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat's position as Grand Admiral and as Marshal of the Empire. As the husband of Napoleon's sister, he also had the right to use the imperial eagle. On 12 July 1806, Murat joined the Confederation of the Rhine and assumed the title of a grand duke. His lands were further enlarged by the annexation of the County of Mark, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, the Imperial city of Dortmund and numerous minor territories of the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle.
Murat eventually left the grand duchy in 1808 to take up his new title as king of Naples but he kept grand duke in his title. Berg was at first directly ruled by Napoleon in a Personal Union. In 1809, Napoleon appointed his young nephew, Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte (1804–1831), the elder son of Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, as Grand Duke of Berg; French bureaucrats under Pierre Louis Roederer administered the territory in his name. For nine days in July 1810, Grand Duke Napoleon Louis also ruled over the Kingdom of Holland in another personal union, but this was short-lived, and French troops moved into the kingdom and incorporated it into France.
The state was in constant economic decline ever since its formation, this is in large part due to Napoleon's failed Continental System which led to a series of revolts and uprisings. The grand duchy's short existence came to an end when the French forces pulled back in the course of the German campaign of 1813. The territory was then administered by Prussia, which officially incorporated the former grand duchy according to the Final Act of the 1815 Congress of Vienna. Berg became part of the Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, and the eastern territories of Münster and Mark were merged into the Province of Westphalia. Today, the territory is part of modern Germany.
Coats of armsedit
Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1808)
Seal of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1807)
Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1809–1813)
^Clercq, Alexandre de (1864). Recueil des traites de la France (in French). Amyot.
Otto von Pivka, Michael P. Roffe, Napoleon's German Allies: Westfalia and Kleve-Berg, p. 3; Google Books
External linksedit
Media related to Duchy of Berg at Wikimedia Commons
December 18, 2023
grand, duchy, berg, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citati. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2016 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Grand Duchy of Berg news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message The Grand Duchy of Berg German Grossherzogtum Berg also known as the Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves was a territorial grand duchy established in 1806 by Napoleon after his victory at the Battle of Austerlitz 1805 on territories between the French Empire at the Rhine river and the German Kingdom of Westphalia Grand Duchy of BergGrand duche de Berg French Grossherzogtum Berg German 1806 1813Flag Coat of armsThe Grand Duchy of Berg in 1812StatusMember state of the Confederation of the RhineCapitalDusseldorfCommon languagesGerman FrenchReligionProtestant CatholicGovernmentConstitutional monarchyGrand Duke 1806 1808Joachim I 1808 1809Napoleon I 1809 1813Louis IHistorical eraNapoleonic Wars Established15 March 1806 Abolition of the Confederation of the Rhine1 December 1813Area181117 300 km2 6 700 sq mi Population 880 000Preceded by Succeeded byDuchy of BergDuchy of ClevesCounty of MarkPrincipality of Munster Province of Julich Cleves Berg Contents 1 History 2 Coats of arms 3 Departments 4 References 5 External linksHistory editThe French annexation of the Duchy of Julich French Juliers during the French Revolutionary wars in 1794 had again separated the two duchies of Julich and Berg which since 1614 had both been ruled in personal union by the Wittelsbach dukes of Palatinate Neuburg In 1803 the heir of Palatinate Neuburg the Bavarian elector Maximilian Joseph separated the remaining Duchy of Berg from his other Bavarian territories and granted it to his cousin William of Palatinate Zweibrucken Birkenfeld Gelnhausen as administrator whereby it came under the rule of a junior branch of the Wittelsbachs In 1806 in the reorganization of Germany occasioned by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Maximilian I Joseph now King of Bavaria ceded Berg to Napoleon in return for the Principality of Ansbach On 15 March 1806 the French emperor put Berg under the rule of his brother in law Joachim Murat including territories of the former Prussian Duchy of Cleves east of the Rhine river 1 Murat s arms combined the red lion of Berg with the Cleves arms The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat s position as Grand Admiral and as Marshal of the Empire As the husband of Napoleon s sister he also had the right to use the imperial eagle On 12 July 1806 Murat joined the Confederation of the Rhine and assumed the title of a grand duke His lands were further enlarged by the annexation of the County of Mark the Prince Bishopric of Munster the Imperial city of Dortmund and numerous minor territories of the Lower Rhenish Westphalian Circle Murat eventually left the grand duchy in 1808 to take up his new title as king of Naples but he kept grand duke in his title Berg was at first directly ruled by Napoleon in a Personal Union In 1809 Napoleon appointed his young nephew Prince Napoleon Louis Bonaparte 1804 1831 the elder son of Napoleon s brother Louis Bonaparte King of Holland as Grand Duke of Berg French bureaucrats under Pierre Louis Roederer administered the territory in his name For nine days in July 1810 Grand Duke Napoleon Louis also ruled over the Kingdom of Holland in another personal union but this was short lived and French troops moved into the kingdom and incorporated it into France The state was in constant economic decline ever since its formation this is in large part due to Napoleon s failed Continental System which led to a series of revolts and uprisings The grand duchy s short existence came to an end when the French forces pulled back in the course of the German campaign of 1813 The territory was then administered by Prussia which officially incorporated the former grand duchy according to the Final Act of the 1815 Congress of Vienna Berg became part of the Province of Julich Cleves Berg and the eastern territories of Munster and Mark were merged into the Province of Westphalia Today the territory is part of modern Germany Coats of arms edit nbsp Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg 1806 1808 nbsp Seal of the Grand Duchy of Berg 1807 nbsp Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg 1809 1813 Departments editEms Coesfeld Munster Lingen Rhine Dusseldorf Elberfeld Essen Mulheim Ruhr Dortmund Hagen Hamm Sieg Dillenburg SiegenReferences edit Clercq Alexandre de 1864 Recueil des traites de la France in French Amyot Otto von Pivka Michael P Roffe Napoleon s German Allies Westfalia and Kleve Berg p 3 Google BooksExternal links edit nbsp Media related to Duchy of Berg at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grand Duchy of Berg amp oldid 1187980058, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
