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Cyrillic digraphs

March 28, 2023

Further information: List of Cyrillic multigraphs, Cyrillic alphabets, and Cyrillic script

The Cyrillic script family contains many specially treated two-letter combinations, or digraphs, but few of these are used in Slavic languages. In a few alphabets, trigraphs and even the occasional tetragraph or pentagraph are used.

The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
Non-Slavic letters
Archaic or unused letters
А̨Б̀Б̣В̀Г̀Г̧Г̄
Г̓Г̆Ҕ̀Ҕ̆Д̓Д̀Д̨
ԀԂꚀꙢЕ̂Е̇Е̨Ж̑
ꙂꙄЏ̆ꚄꚄ̆Ꙁ
З̀З̑ԄԆꚈԪꚂꚔ
І̂І̨ꙆЈ̵ꙈК̓К̀
К̆Ӄ̆К̑К̇К̈К̄ԞК̂
Л̀ԠꙤԈЛ̑Л̇
ԔМ̀ꙦН̀Н̄Н̧ԊԢ
Н̡ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮꚘꚚ
П̓П́П̧ҦП̑Ҁ
Ԛ̆Һ̡Р́Р̀ԖС̀С̈Ԍ
Ҫ̓Т̓Т̀ԎТ̑ꚊТ̧
ꚌꚌ̆ѸꙊУ̇
У̊У̨Ф̑Ф̓Х́Х̀Х̆Х̇
Х̧Х̓ѠꙌѼѾꙠ
Ц́Ц̓ꚎꚎ̆Ꚑ
Ч́Ч̀Ч̑Ч̓ԬꚒꚆ
Ꚇ̆Ҽ̆Ш̆Ш̑Щ̆ꚖꚖ̆
ꙎꙐЫ̂Ы̃Ѣ́Ѣ̈Ѣ̆Ꙓ
Э̨ꙔЮ̂ꙖЯ̂Я̨ԘѤ
ѦꙘѪꙚѨꙜѬѮ
ѰѲѴѶꙞ

In early Cyrillic, the digraphs ⟨оу⟩ and ⟨оѵ⟩ were used for /u/. As with the equivalent digraph in Greek, they were reduced to a typographic ligature, ⟨ꙋ⟩, and are now written ⟨у⟩. The modern letters ⟨ы⟩ and ⟨ю⟩ started out as digraphs, ⟨ъі⟩ and ⟨іо⟩. In Church Slavonic printing practice, both historical and modern, ⟨оу⟩ (which is considered as a letter from the alphabet's point of view) is mostly treated as two individual characters, but ⟨ы⟩ is a single letter. For example, letter-spacing affects ⟨оу⟩ as if they were two individual letters, and never affects components of ⟨ы⟩. In a context of Old Slavonic language, ⟨шт⟩ is a digraph that can replace a letter ⟨щ⟩ and vice versa.

Modern Slavic languages written in the Cyrillic alphabet make little or no use of digraphs. There are only two true digraphs: ⟨дж⟩ for /d͡ʒ/ and ⟨дз⟩ for /d͡z/ (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian). Sometimes these digraphs are even considered as special letters of their respective alphabets. In standard Russian, however, the letters in ⟨дж⟩ and ⟨дз⟩ are always pronounced separately. Digraph-like letter pairs include combinations of consonants with the soft sign ⟨ь⟩ (Serbian/Macedonian letters ⟨љ⟩ and ⟨њ⟩ are derived from ⟨ль⟩ and ⟨нь⟩), and ⟨жж⟩ or ⟨зж⟩ for the uncommon and optional Russian phoneme /ʑː/. Native descriptions of Cyrillic writing system often use the term "digraph" to combinations ⟨ьо⟩ and ⟨йо⟩ (Bulgarian, Ukrainian) as they both correspond to a single letter ⟨ё⟩ of Russian and Belarusian alphabets (⟨ьо⟩ is used for /ʲo/, and ⟨йо⟩ for /jo/).

Cyrillic uses large numbers of digraphs only when used to write non-Slavic languages; in some languages such as Avar, these are completely regular in formation.

Many Caucasian languages use ⟨ә⟩ (Abkhaz), ⟨у⟩ (Kabardian), or ⟨в⟩ (Avar) for labialization, for instance Abkhaz ⟨дә⟩ for /dʷ/ (sometimes [d͡b]), just as many of them, like Russian, use ⟨ь⟩ for palatalization. Since such sequences are decomposable, regular forms will not be listed below. (In Abkhaz, ⟨ә⟩ with sibilants is equivalent to ⟨ьә⟩, for instance ж /ʐ/, жь /ʒ/~/ʐʲ/, жә /ʒʷ/~/ʐʲʷ/, but this is predictable phonetic detail.) Similarly, long vowels written double in some languages, such as ⟨аа⟩ for Abkhaz /aː/ or ⟨аюу⟩ for Kirghiz /ajuː/ "bear", or with glottal stop, as Tajik аъ [aʔ~aː], are not included.

Archi

Archi: а́а [áː], аӏ [aˤ], а́ӏ [áˤ], ааӏ [aːˤ], гв [ɡʷ], гь [h], гъ [ʁ], гъв [ʁʷ], гъӏ [ʁˤ], гъӏв [ʁʷˤ], гӏ [ʕ], е́е [éː], еӏ [eˤ], е́ӏ [éˤ], жв [ʒʷ], зв [zʷ], и́и [íː], иӏ [iˤ], кк [kː], кв [kʷ], ккв [kːʷ], кӏ [kʼ], кӏв [kʷʼ], къ [qʼ], къв [q’ʷ], ккъ [qː’], къӏ [qˤʼ], ккъӏ [qːˤʼ], къӏв [qʷˤʼ], ккъӏв [qːʷˤʼ], кь [kʟ̥ʼ], кьв [kʟ̥ʷʼ], лъ [ɬ], ллъ [ɬː], лъв [ɬʷ], ллъв [ɬːʷ], лӏ [kʟ̥], лӏв [kʟ̥ʷ], о́о [óː], оӏ [oˤ], о́ӏ [óˤ], ооӏ [oːˤ], пп [pː], пӏ [pʼ], сс [sː], св [sʷ], тт [tː], тӏ [tʼ], тв [tʷ], твӏ [t’ʷ], у́у [úː], уӏ [uˤ], у́ӏ [úˤ], хх [χː], хв [χʷ], ххв [χːʷ], хӏ [ħ], хьӏ [χˤ], ххьӏ [χːˤ], хьӏв [χʷˤ], ххьӏв [χːʷˤ], хъ [q], хъв [qʷ], хъӏ [qˤ], хъӏв [qʷˤ], цв [t͡sʷ], цӏ [t͡sʼ], ццӏ [t͡sː], чв [t͡ʃʷ], чӏ [t͡ʃʼ], чӏв [t͡ʃ’ʷ], шв [ʃʷ], щв [ʃːʷ], ээ [əː], эӏ [əˤ]

Avar

Avar uses ⟨в⟩ for labialization, as in хьв /xʷ/. Other digraphs are:

  • Ejective consonants in ⟨ӏ⟩: кӏ /kʼ/, цӏ /tsʼ/, чӏ /tʃʼ/
  • Other consonants based on к /k/: къ /qʼː/, кь /tɬʼː/,
  • Based on г /ɡ/: гъ /ʁ/, гь /h/, гӏ /ʕ/
  • Based on л /l/: лъ /tɬː/
  • Based on х /χ/: хъ /qː/, хь /x/, хӏ /ħ/

The ь digraphs are spelled this way even before vowels, as in гьабуна /habuna/ "made", not *гябуна.

  • Gemination: кк /kː/, кӏкӏ /kʼː/, хх /χː/, цц /tsː/, цӏцӏ /tsʼː/, чӏчӏ /tʃʼː/.

Note that three of these are tetragraphs. However, gemination for the 'strong' consonants in Avar orthography is sporadic, and the simple letters or digraphs are frequently used in their place.

Belarusian

The Belarusian language has the following digraphs:

  • 'дз' for affricates [d͡z] and [d͡zʲ] (see uk:дз)
  • 'дж' for affricates [d͡ʒ] and [d͡ʒ|ʲ] (see дж).

Chechen and Ingush

Chechen uses the following digraphs:

  • Vowels: аь /æ/, яь /jæ/, оь /ø/, ёь /jø/, уь /y/, юь /jy/
  • Ejectives in ⟨ӏ⟩: кӏ /kʼ/, пӏ /pʼ/, тӏ /tʼ/, цӏ /tsʼ/, чӏ /tʃʼ/
  • Other consonants: гӏ /ɣ/, кх /q/, къ /qʼ/, хь /ħ/, хӏ /h/
  • The trigraph рхӏ /r̥/

In Ingush, there are no ejectives, so for example кӏ is pronounced /k/. Some of the other values are also different: аь /æ/ etc., уь /ɨ/ etc., кх /qχ/ (vs. къ /q/), хь /ç/

The vowel digraphs are used for front vowels for other Dagestanian languages and also the local Turkic languages Kumyk and Nogay. ⟨Ӏ⟩ digraphs for ejectives is common across the North Caucasus, as is гӏ for /ɣ~ʁ~ʕ/.

Kabardian

Kabardian uses ⟨у⟩ for labialization, as ӏу /ʔʷ/. гу is /ɡʷ/, though г is /ɣ/); ку is /kʷ/, despite the fact that к is not used outside loan words. Other digraphs are:

  • Slavic дж /ɡʲ/, дз /dz/
  • Ejectives in ⟨ӏ⟩: кӏ /kʲʼ/ (but кӏу is /kʷʼ/), лӏ /ɬʼ/, пӏ /pʼ/, тӏ /tʼ/, фӏ /fʼ/, цӏ /tsʼ/, щӏ /ɕʼ/
  • Other consonants: гъ /ʁ/, жь /ʑ/, къ /qʼ/, лъ /ɬ/ (from л /ɮ/), хь /ħ/, хъ /χ/
  • The trigraph кхъ /q/

Labialized, the trigraph becomes the unusual tetragraph кхъу /qʷ/.

Tabasaran

Tabasaran uses gemination for its 'strong' consonants, but this has a different value with г.

  • Front vowels: аь /æ/, уь /y/
  • Gemination for 'strong' consonants: кк /kː/, пп /pː/, тт /tː/, цц /tsʰː/, чч /tʃʰː/
  • Ejectives with ⟨ӏ⟩: кӏ /kʼ/, пӏ /pʼ/, тӏ /tʼ/, цӏ /tsʼ/, чӏ /tʃʼ/
  • Based on г /ɡ/: гг /ɣ/, гъ /ʕ/, гь /h/
  • Other consonants based on к /kʰ/: къ /qʰː/, кь /qʼ/,
  • Based on х /ɦ/: хъ /qʰ/, хь /x/

It uses ⟨в⟩ for labialization of its postalveolar consonants: шв /ʃʷ/, жв /ʒʷ/, чв /tʃʰʷ/, джь /dʒʷ/, ь /tʃʼʷ/, ччь /tʃʷʰː/).

Tatar

Tatar has a number of vowels which are written with ambiguous letters that are normally resolved by context, but which are resolved by discontinuous digraphs when context is not sufficient. These ambiguous vowel letters are е, front /je/ or back /jɤ/, ю, front /jy/ or back /ju/; and я, front /jæ/ or back /ja/. They interact with the ambiguous consonant letters к, velar /k/ or uvular /q/, and г, velar /ɡ/ or uvular /ʁ/.

In general, velar consonants occur before front vowels and uvular consonants before back vowels, so it is frequently not necessary to specify these values in the orthography. However, this is not always the case. A uvular followed by a front vowel, as in /qærdæʃ/ "kinsman", for example, is written with the corresponding back vowel to specify the uvular value: кардәш. The front value of а is required by vowel harmony with the following front vowel ә, so this spelling is unambiguous.

If, however, the proper value of the vowel is not recoverable through vowel harmony, then the letter ь /ʔ/ is added at the end of the syllable, as in шагыйрь /ʃaʁir/ "poet". That is, /i/ is written with a ы rather than a и to show that the г is pronounced /ʁ/ rather than /ɡ/, then the ь is added to show that the ы is pronounced as if it were a и, so the discontinuous digraph ы...ь is used here to write the vowel /i/. This strategy is also followed with the ambiguous letters е, ю, and я in final syllables, for instance in юнь /jyn/ cheap. That is, the discontinuous digraphs е...ь, ю...ь, я...ь are used for /j/ plus the front vowels /e, y, æ/.

Exceptional final-syllable velars and uvulars, however, are written with simple digraphs, with ь for velars and ъ for uvulars: пакь /pak/ pure, вәгъдә /wæʁdæ/ promise.

Ukrainian

The Ukrainian language has the following digraphs:

  • 'ьо', for [ʲɔ] and [ʲo] (see uk:Ьо)
  • 'дз' for affricates [d͡z] and [d͡zʲ] (see uk:дз)
  • 'дж' for affricates [d͡ʒ] and [d͡ʒ|ʲ] (see дж).

Other alphabets

Dungan
  • ан (ян) /(j)æ̃/, он /(j)aŋ/, эр /əɻ/, etc.
Mandarin Chinese

In the Cyrillization of Mandarin, there are digraphs цз and чж, which correspond to Pinyin z/j and zh. Final n is нь, while н stands for final ng. юй is yu, but ю you, ю- yu-, -уй -ui.

Karachay-Balkar
  • гъ /ɣ/, дж /dʒ/~/dz/, къ /q/, нг~нъ /ŋ/. Нг /ŋ/ is also found in Uzbek.
Khanty
  • л’ /ɬ/, ч’ /tʃ/
Lezgian
  • гъ, гь, къ, кь, кӏ, пӏ, тӏ, уь, хъ, хь, цӏ, чӏ
Ossetian
  • Slavic дж /dʒ/, дз /dz/
  • Ejectives in ⟨ъ⟩: къ /kʼ/, пъ /pʼ/, тъ /tʼ/, цъ /tsʼ/, чъ /tʃʼ/
  • гъ /ʁ/, хъ /q/
Komi
  • дж /dʒ/, дз /dzʲ/, тш /tʃ/ (ч is /tsʲ/.)
Turkmen (now using Latin alphabet)
  • Long үй /yː/, from ү /y/.
Yakut
  • дь /ɟ/, нь /ɲ/

See also

March 28, 2023
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Further information List of Cyrillic multigraphs Cyrillic alphabets and Cyrillic script This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Cyrillic digraphs news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Cyrillic script family contains many specially treated two letter combinations or digraphs but few of these are used in Slavic languages In a few alphabets trigraphs and even the occasional tetragraph or pentagraph are used The Cyrillic scriptSlavic lettersAA A A A ӒBVGGDЂЃEE ЀE E YoYeYe ZhZZ ЅIII YiYi I ЍI ӢJЈKLЉMNЊOO O O ŌӦPRSS TЋЌUU U U ӮЎӰFHCChЏShSh YY ѢEE YuYu Yu YaYa Ya Non Slavic lettersӐA A Ӓ ӔӘӘ Ә ӚV G G G G G G G ҔҒӺҒ ӶD D D D D ӖE Yo Ye ҖӜӁZh ҘӞZ Z Z ԐԐ ӠI ӤҊҚӃҠҞҜK ԚL ӅԮԒL ӍᵸN N ӉҢԨӇҤO O Ӧ ӨӨ Ө Ө ӪԤP R ҎS ҪS S T T T T T ҬTU ӲU Ӱ ҰҮҮ H H H H H ҲӼӾҺԦC C ҴҶҶ ӴӋCh ҸCh Ch ҼҾSh Sh ꚜY Y ӸꚝҌҨE E E ӬӬ Ӭ Yu Yu Yu Yu Ya Ya Ya Ya ԜӀArchaic or unused lettersA B B V G G G G G Ҕ Ҕ D D D ԀԂꚀꙢE E E Zh ꙂꙄЏ ꚄꚄ ꙀZ Z ԄԆꚈԪꚂꚔI I ꙆЈ ꙈK K K Ӄ K K K K ԞK L ԠꙤԈL L ԔM ꙦN N N ԊԢN ѺꙨꙪꙬꙮꚘꚚP P P ҦP ҀԚ Һ R R ԖS S ԌҪ T T ԎT ꚊT ꚌꚌ ѸꙊU U U F F H H H H H H ѠꙌѼѾꙠC C ꚎꚎ ꚐCh Ch Ch Ch ԬꚒꚆꚆ Ҽ Sh Sh Sh ꚖꚖ ꙎꙐY Y Ѣ Ѣ Ѣ ꙒE ꙔYu ꙖYa Ya ԘѤѦꙘѪꙚѨꙜѬѮѰѲѴѶꙞList of Cyrillic letters List of Cyrillic multigraphsvteIn early Cyrillic the digraphs ou and oѵ were used for u As with the equivalent digraph in Greek they were reduced to a typographic ligature ꙋ and are now written u The modern letters y and yu started out as digraphs i and io In Church Slavonic printing practice both historical and modern ou which is considered as a letter from the alphabet s point of view is mostly treated as two individual characters but y is a single letter For example letter spacing affects ou as if they were two individual letters and never affects components of y In a context of Old Slavonic language sht is a digraph that can replace a letter sh and vice versa Modern Slavic languages written in the Cyrillic alphabet make little or no use of digraphs There are only two true digraphs dzh for d ʒ and dz for d z Belarusian Bulgarian Ukrainian Sometimes these digraphs are even considered as special letters of their respective alphabets In standard Russian however the letters in dzh and dz are always pronounced separately Digraph like letter pairs include combinations of consonants with the soft sign Serbian Macedonian letters љ and њ are derived from l and n and zhzh or zzh for the uncommon and optional Russian phoneme ʑː Native descriptions of Cyrillic writing system often use the term digraph to combinations o and jo Bulgarian Ukrainian as they both correspond to a single letter yo of Russian and Belarusian alphabets o is used for ʲo and jo for jo Cyrillic uses large numbers of digraphs only when used to write non Slavic languages in some languages such as Avar these are completely regular in formation Many Caucasian languages use ә Abkhaz u Kabardian or v Avar for labialization for instance Abkhaz dә for dʷ sometimes d b just as many of them like Russian use for palatalization Since such sequences are decomposable regular forms will not be listed below In Abkhaz ә with sibilants is equivalent to ә for instance zh ʐ zh ʒ ʐʲ zhә ʒʷ ʐʲʷ but this is predictable phonetic detail Similarly long vowels written double in some languages such as aa for Abkhaz aː or ayuu for Kirghiz ajuː bear or with glottal stop as Tajik a aʔ aː are not included Contents 1 Archi 2 Avar 3 Belarusian 4 Chechen and Ingush 5 Kabardian 6 Tabasaran 7 Tatar 8 Ukrainian 9 Other alphabets 10 See alsoArchi EditArchi a a aː aӏ aˤ a ӏ aˤ aaӏ aːˤ gv ɡʷ g h g ʁ gv ʁʷ gӏ ʁˤ gӏv ʁʷˤ gӏ ʕ e e eː eӏ eˤ e ӏ eˤ zhv ʒʷ zv zʷ i i iː iӏ iˤ kk kː kv kʷ kkv kːʷ kӏ kʼ kӏv kʷʼ k qʼ kv q ʷ kk qː kӏ qˤʼ kkӏ qːˤʼ kӏv qʷˤʼ kkӏv qːʷˤʼ k kʟ ʼ kv kʟ ʷʼ l ɬ ll ɬː lv ɬʷ llv ɬːʷ lӏ kʟ lӏv kʟ ʷ o o oː oӏ oˤ o ӏ oˤ ooӏ oːˤ pp pː pӏ pʼ ss sː sv sʷ tt tː tӏ tʼ tv tʷ tvӏ t ʷ u u uː uӏ uˤ u ӏ uˤ hh xː hv xʷ hhv xːʷ hӏ ħ hӏ xˤ hhӏ xːˤ hӏv xʷˤ hhӏv xːʷˤ h q hv qʷ hӏ qˤ hӏv qʷˤ cv t sʷ cӏ t sʼ ccӏ t sː chv t ʃʷ chӏ t ʃʼ chӏv t ʃ ʷ shv ʃʷ shv ʃːʷ ee eː eӏ eˤ Avar EditAvar uses v for labialization as in hv xʷ Other digraphs are Ejective consonants in ӏ kӏ kʼ cӏ tsʼ chӏ tʃʼ Other consonants based on k k k qʼː k tɬʼː Based on g ɡ g ʁ g h gӏ ʕ Based on l l l tɬː Based on h x h qː h x hӏ ħ The digraphs are spelled this way even before vowels as in gabuna habuna made not gyabuna Gemination kk kː kӏkӏ kʼː hh xː cc tsː cӏcӏ tsʼː chӏchӏ tʃʼː Note that three of these are tetragraphs However gemination for the strong consonants in Avar orthography is sporadic and the simple letters or digraphs are frequently used in their place Belarusian EditThe Belarusian language has the following digraphs dz for affricates d z and d zʲ see uk dz dzh for affricates d ʒ and d ʒ ʲ see dzh Chechen and Ingush EditChechen uses the following digraphs Vowels a ae ya jae o o yo jo u y yu jy Ejectives in ӏ kӏ kʼ pӏ pʼ tӏ tʼ cӏ tsʼ chӏ tʃʼ Other consonants gӏ ɣ kh q k qʼ h ħ hӏ h The trigraph rhӏ r In Ingush there are no ejectives so for example kӏ is pronounced k Some of the other values are also different a ae etc u ɨ etc kh qx vs k q h c The vowel digraphs are used for front vowels for other Dagestanian languages and also the local Turkic languages Kumyk and Nogay Ӏ digraphs for ejectives is common across the North Caucasus as is gӏ for ɣ ʁ ʕ Kabardian EditKabardian uses u for labialization as ӏu ʔʷ gu is ɡʷ though g is ɣ ku is kʷ despite the fact that k is not used outside loan words Other digraphs are Slavic dzh ɡʲ dz dz Ejectives in ӏ kӏ kʲʼ but kӏu is kʷʼ lӏ ɬʼ pӏ pʼ tӏ tʼ fӏ fʼ cӏ tsʼ shӏ ɕʼ Other consonants g ʁ zh ʑ k qʼ l ɬ from l ɮ h ħ h x The trigraph kh q Labialized the trigraph becomes the unusual tetragraph khu qʷ Tabasaran EditTabasaran uses gemination for its strong consonants but this has a different value with g Front vowels a ae u y Gemination for strong consonants kk kː pp pː tt tː cc tsʰː chch tʃʰː Ejectives with ӏ kӏ kʼ pӏ pʼ tӏ tʼ cӏ tsʼ chӏ tʃʼ Based on g ɡ gg ɣ g ʕ g h Other consonants based on k kʰ k qʰː k qʼ Based on h ɦ h qʰ h x It uses v for labialization of its postalveolar consonants shv ʃʷ zhv ʒʷ chv tʃʰʷ dzh dʒʷ tʃʼʷ chch tʃʷʰː Tatar EditTatar has a number of vowels which are written with ambiguous letters that are normally resolved by context but which are resolved by discontinuous digraphs when context is not sufficient These ambiguous vowel letters are e front je or back jɤ yu front jy or back ju and ya front jae or back ja They interact with the ambiguous consonant letters k velar k or uvular q and g velar ɡ or uvular ʁ In general velar consonants occur before front vowels and uvular consonants before back vowels so it is frequently not necessary to specify these values in the orthography However this is not always the case A uvular followed by a front vowel as in qaerdaeʃ kinsman for example is written with the corresponding back vowel to specify the uvular value kardәsh The front value of a is required by vowel harmony with the following front vowel ә so this spelling is unambiguous If however the proper value of the vowel is not recoverable through vowel harmony then the letter ʔ is added at the end of the syllable as in shagyjr ʃaʁir poet That is i is written with a y rather than a i to show that the g is pronounced ʁ rather than ɡ then the is added to show that the y is pronounced as if it were a i so the discontinuous digraph y is used here to write the vowel i This strategy is also followed with the ambiguous letters e yu and ya in final syllables for instance in yun jyn cheap That is the discontinuous digraphs e yu ya are used for j plus the front vowels e y ae Exceptional final syllable velars and uvulars however are written with simple digraphs with for velars and for uvulars pak pak pure vәgdә waeʁdae promise Ukrainian EditThe Ukrainian language has the following digraphs o for ʲɔ and ʲo see uk o dz for affricates d z and d zʲ see uk dz dzh for affricates d ʒ and d ʒ ʲ see dzh Other alphabets EditDunganan yan j ae on j aŋ er eɻ etc Mandarin ChineseIn the Cyrillization of Mandarin there are digraphs cz and chzh which correspond to Pinyin z j and zh Final n is n while n stands for final ng yuj is yu but yu you yu yu uj ui Karachay Balkarg ɣ dzh dʒ dz k q ng n ŋ Ng ŋ is also found in Uzbek Khantyl ɬ ch tʃ Lezgiang g k k kӏ pӏ tӏ u h h cӏ chӏOssetianSlavic dzh dʒ dz dz Ejectives in k kʼ p pʼ t tʼ c tsʼ ch tʃʼ g ʁ h q Komidzh dʒ dz dzʲ tsh tʃ ch is tsʲ Turkmen now using Latin alphabet Long үj yː from ү y Yakutd ɟ n ɲ See also EditLanguages using Cyrillic List of Cyrillic letters Bigram Diacritic Diphthong Typographic ligature Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyrillic digraphs amp oldid 1126830172, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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