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Coeur d'Alene, Idaho

January 01, 1970

Coeur d'Alene (/ˌkɔːr dəˈleɪn/ ⓘ KOR də-LAYN;[6][7][8] French: Cœur d'Alène, lit. 'Heart of an Awl' French pronunciation: [kœʁ d a.lɛn]) is a city and the county seat of Kootenai County, Idaho, United States. It is the most populous city in North Idaho and the principal city of the Coeur d'Alene Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 54,628 at the 2020 census.[4] Coeur d'Alene is a satellite city of Spokane, which is located about thirty miles (50 km) to the west in the state of Washington. The two cities are the key components of the Spokane–Coeur d'Alene Combined Statistical Area, of which Coeur d'Alene is the third-largest city (after Spokane and its largest suburb, Spokane Valley). The city is situated on the north shore of the 25-mile (40 km) long Lake Coeur d'Alene and to the west of the Coeur d'Alene Mountains. Locally, Coeur d'Alene is known as the "Lake City," or simply called by its initials, "CDA."

Coeur d'Alene
City
Aerial view of Coeur d'Alene
Coeur d'Alene Resort and marina
Floating boardwalk
Independence Point
Coeur d'Alene Resort floating green
Coeur d'Alene and Tubbs Hill from City Park and Beach
Flag
Logo
Nickname(s): 
Lake City; CDA
Motto: 
City with a Heart[1]
Location of Coeur d'Alene in Kootenai County, Idaho
Coeur d'Alene
Coeur d'Alene
Coordinates: 47°41′34″N 116°46′48″W / 47.69278°N 116.78000°W / 47.69278; -116.78000
CountryUnited States
StateIdaho
CountyKootenai
Founded1878
Incorporated (town)August 22, 1887
Incorporated (city)September 4, 1906
Government
 • MayorJames Hammond
Area
[2]
 • City16.82 sq mi (43.56 km2)
 • Land16.06 sq mi (41.58 km2)
 • Water0.76 sq mi (1.98 km2)
Elevation
[3]
2,188 ft (667 m)
Population
 (2020)[4]
 • City54,628
 • Estimate 
(2022)[5]
56,733
 • RankUS: 702nd
ID: 7th
 • Density3,522.0/sq mi (1,360.0/km2)
 • Urban
121,831 (US: 272nd)
 • Metro
183,578 (US: 240th)
 • Combined
781,497 (US: 70th)
Time zoneUTC–8 (Pacific (PST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC–7 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
83814, 83815
Area code(s)208 and 986
FIPS code16-16750
GNIS feature ID0379485[3]
Websitecdaid.org

The city is named after the Coeur d'Alene people, a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who live along the rivers and lakes of the region, in a territory of 4,000,000 acres (16,000 km2) from eastern Washington to Montana. The native peoples were hunter-gatherers who located their villages and camps near food gathering or processing sites and followed the seasonal cycles, practicing subsistence hunting, fishing, and foraging.

The city began as a fort town; General William Tecumseh Sherman sited what became known as Fort Sherman on the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene in 1878. Peopling of the town came when miners and prospectors came to the region after gold and silver deposits were found in what would become the Silver Valley and after the Northern Pacific Railroad reached the town in 1883. In the 1890s, two significant miners' uprisings over wages took place in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District leading to the declaration of martial law, with the latter providing a motive for the assassination of a former Idaho governor and subsequently a nationally publicized trial. The late 19th century discovery of highly prized white pine in the forests of northern Idaho resulted in a timber boom that peaked in the late 1920s and was accompanied by the rapid population growth which led to the incorporation of the city on September 4, 1906. After the Great Depression, tourism started to become a major source of development in the area. By the 1980s, tourism became the major driver in the local economy, and, after decades of heavy reliance on logging, the city featured a more balanced economy with manufacturing, retail, and service sectors.

The city of Coeur d'Alene has grown significantly since the 1990s, in part because of a substantial increase in tourism, encouraged by resorts and recreational activities in the area and outmigration predominantly from other western states. The Coeur d'Alene Resort and its 0.75-mile (1.21 km) floating boardwalk and a 165-acre (0.67 km2) natural area called Tubbs Hill take up a prominent portion of the city's downtown. Popular parks such as City Park and Beach and McEuen Park are also fixtures of the downtown waterfront. The city has become somewhat of a destination for golfers; there are five courses in the city, including the Coeur d'Alene Resort Golf Course and its unique 14th hole floating green. The Coeur d'Alene Casino and its Circling Raven Golf Club is located approximately 27 miles (43 km) south and the largest theme park in the Northwestern United States, Silverwood Theme Park, is located approximately twenty miles (30 km) north. There are also several ski resorts and other recreation areas nearby. The city is home to the Museum of North Idaho and North Idaho College, and it has become known for having one of the largest holiday light shows in the United States and hosting a popular Ironman Triathlon event. Coeur d'Alene is located on the route of Interstate 90 and is served by the Coeur d'Alene Airport as well as the Brooks Seaplane Base by air. In print media, local issues are covered by the Coeur d'Alene Press daily newspaper.

History edit

 
Coeur d'Alene Mission of the Sacred Heart on the Coeur d'Alene River, 1855

The Coeur d'Alene people called themselves Schitsu'umsh in Coeur d'Alene, one of the Salishan languages, meaning "those who are found here"[9][10] or "the found ones".[11] These Native Americans lived along the rivers and lakes of the region, in a territory of 4,000,000 acres (16,000 km2) extending from eastern Washington to Montana; these tribes primarily located their villages and camps near food gathering or processing sites.[9][10] The camps featured conical lodges constructed from poles and mats sewn from tule or animal hides.[9] The Coeur d'Alene people were hunter-gatherers who practiced subsistence hunting of wild game and fishing during the salmon runs, and then foraging for berries and other edibles along the shores of the region's numerous lakes and rivers.[9][10] The introduction of the horse c. 1760 made hunting and transportation more efficient.[9][10]

1800s edit

The area was extensively explored by fur trader David Thompson of the North West Company starting in 1807 and in 1809 he established the Kullyspell House trading post on Lake Pend Oreille.[11][a] Thompson, who usually used native names to describe the places and people he came across, ascribed the name of 'Pointed Hearts' to one of the tribes he traded with and "Pointed Heart Lake" for the lake they lived near.[11] Since Thompson traveled with French-speaking Iroquois guides and scouts, it has been speculated that they may have been the first to refer to the tribe as the Coeur d'Alene.[9][10] As French was the spoken language of the Canadian fur traders, it is likely that "pointed heart" has its origins in the French transliteration of Cœur or "heart", d' or "in the middle of" and Alêne or "awl", meaning the tribal traders had hearts as sharp as the tip of an awl – or that they were sharp businessmen.[11][10]

The Oregon boundary dispute (or Oregon question) arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century. The British had trading ties extending from Canada and had started settlements at Fort Vancouver and at Fort Astoria on the Pacific coast near the mouth of the Columbia River. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended the disputed joint occupation of the area in present-day Idaho when Britain ceded all rights to land south of the 49th parallel to the United States.[12]

In another territorial dispute, the U.S. government through Washington Territory Governor Isaac Stevens began to negotiate treaties that would begin to move the various tribes of the region onto reservation lands to make way for American settlement.[13] This angered the Coeur d'Alene, as several treaty re-negotiations continually reduced their tribal lands.[13] The tribe also perceived the planned construction a military wagon road as a precursor to a land-grab by the United States.[14] These talks and increasing settler encroachment sparked armed hostilities between the native Coeur d'Alene, Spokane and Palouse and the settler populations that resulted in an initial victory for the tribes at the Battle of Steptoe Butte but were followed up with George Wright's campaign that subdued the natives.[13] The Coeur d'Alene Reservation is located in Benewah and Kootenai counties south of Coeur d'Alene in communities focused around Worley and Plummer.[15] In 1859, with U.S. funding in place, Governor Stevens appointed John Mullan to survey the interior of the Northwestern United States for possible railroad routes and oversee the construction of the 611-mile (983 km) Mullan Road that bears his name, from Fort Walla Walla on the Columbia River through the Rocky Mountains to Fort Benton on the Missouri River.[16]

With the discovery of gold in the western United States and the establishment of Idaho Territory in 1863, there was an increase in settlers to the region.[17] When General William Tecumseh Sherman was commander of the U.S. Army during the Indian Wars and following the defeat of General George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn, he erected several forts in the west.[17] During a tour of the Inland Northwest on his way to Fort Walla Walla on the Mullan Road, he was impressed by the scenery of the area and ordered a fort constructed on the lake in 1877 and gave it the name Fort Coeur d'Alene.[17] The fort which gave the city its name was established in 1878 and the name of the fort was later changed to Fort Sherman to honor the general.[17]

 
The Idaho docked at the Electric Dock, c. 1908

Miners and prospectors came to the region after gold and silver deposits were found in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains and the Northern Pacific Railroad came to the village in 1883.[18] The village became the location where ore from the mining district was ferried and transferred to the rail lines from steamboats that traveled down from the Coeur d'Alene River from the Cataldo Mission.[19] The township was officially incorporated by petition on August 22, 1887.[20]

In the 1890s, two significant miners' uprisings took place in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District, where the workers struggled with high risk and low pay. In 1892, the union's discovery of a labor spy in their midst, in the person of Charlie Siringo, a sometime cowboy and Pinkerton agent, resulted in a labor strike that developed into a shooting war between miners and the company in Burke Canyon. When the mine owners planned to reduce wages of some workers to offset increased operating costs, the miners declared a strike against the reduction of wages and the increase in work hours and demanded a "living wage"[21] be paid to every man working underground – the common laborer as well as the skilled in a stand for industrial unionism.[22] To restore order to the state of rebellion in Shoshone County, Governor N. B. Willey declared martial law and sent federal troops to arrest and detain the union miners, but not before dozens of casualties including six deaths and the destruction of the Frisco Mill.[22] Six hundred miners were put into "bullpens" without any hearings or formal charges.[23]

Labor disputes between some company mines and the union continued into the next decade. A similar labor confrontation in 1899 took place after the union was launching an organizing drive of the few mines not yet fully unionized,[24] where miners working in the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mines were receiving fifty cents to a dollar less per day than other miners.[25] With no success in the effort, on April 29, 250 union members seized a train in Burke at gunpoint, according to the engineer, Levi "Al" Hutton.[26] At each stop through Burke Canyon, more miners climbed aboard what was dubbed the "Dynamite Express" toward the site of the $250,000 Bunker Hill mine near Wardner; the miners then carried 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg) of dynamite into the mill and completely destroyed it.[27] The crowd also burned down the company office, the boarding house, and the home of the mine manager. Like in the 1892 strike, martial law was declared by Governor Frank Steunenberg and wholesale arrests and mass incarcerations were done to bring back order.[22] Harry Orchard, who owned a share of the Hercules Mine at one point and played a significant role in the Colorado Labor Wars, returned to Idaho to assassinate former governor Steunenberg in 1905.[28] The bombing assassination led to a nationally publicized trial in Boise.[22]

After a U.S. Geological Survey done in the 1890s, it became widely known that there were large quantities of white pine, a highly prized softwood, in the Coeur d'Alene Mountains.[29] The lumber industry from the eastern US began to inventory the timberlands, acquire land, and invest in facilities across much of northern Idaho.[29] This was welcome relief to the town of Coeur d'Alene, which had been reeling from the Panic of 1893, a flood in 1894, and the closure of Fort Sherman.[29][b]

1900s edit

 
Sherman Avenue c. 1908

The city experienced significant growth from the timber boom and the development of the railroads, steamboats, and tourism that accompanied it; Coeur d'Alene incorporated as a city on September 4, 1906, and by 1908 it had become the county seat.[31] From 1900 to 1915, there were hundreds of homes constructed across 70 newly platted additions.[32] With the advent of the automobile and the internal combustion engine, trucks and chainsaws, the felling and transporting of trees became more productive and efficient and lumber production reached its height in the late 1910s and 1920s; in 1925 there were seven lumber mills operating in the area and they were producing 500 million board feet of lumber.[33]

After the 1929 stock market crash and during the Great Depression, the lumber industry demand began to wane and by the mid-1930s about half the woodworkers in North Idaho were laid off and the surviving mills were producing only 160 million board feet of lumber per year.[34] Although it was a tough time, accomplishments during the Depression years included the establishment of Coeur d'Alene Junior College (North Idaho College) in 1933, the construction of Northwest Boulevard through the Works Progress Administration program in 1937, and the building of the popular Playfair Pier amusement park on the lake in the early 1940s.[35] The Playfair Pier opened on July 4, 1942 (and existed until 1974) in City Park and included a variety of rides and attractions such as a miniature roller coaster, a Ferris wheel, a carousel, and some of the usual carnival games.[36] Coeur d'Alene benefited from its proximity to the Farragut Naval Training Station, established in 1942 on the south end of Lake Pend Oreille, which employed 22,000 people and needed 98 million board feet of lumber to build 650 buildings.[37]

Due to the scenic lake, tourism has always been a factor in the local economy. In the early 1900s, it had become popular in Spokane to travel and picnic in the park, shop in town, and take steamboat cruises on the lake and up the Saint Joe River.[29] Coeur d'Alene had also received national publicity in magazines, where it had been called a "wonderland" and "the Lucerne of America."[38] However, tourism began to become a mainstay of the economy with the completion of highway infrastructure projects in the 1950s and 1960s, and the Coeur d'Alene Chamber of Commerce began to promote the city as a tourist destination as well.[39] As tourism increased, there was more demand for lodging facilities, convention space, restaurants, and cultural activities. By 1976, the city had over 30 motels with about 1,500 rooms.[40] On June 14, 1958, the city hosted the first Diamond Cup Hydroplane race, which was one of the largest events in its history and garnered national publicity and media coverage.[41] The event was attended by 30,000 people, and it was considered a success by the Diamond Cup organizers. The race was held at Lake Coeur d'Alene for the next eight years; it was discontinued due to persistent difficulties in raising funds for the event.[41]

After decades of heavy reliance on logging, in the 1980s, the city featured a more balanced economy with manufacturing, retail, and service sectors.[42] Tourism has taken on even more prominence and has become one of the main drivers of the local economy since the start of the 1980s, when there was new investment into recreational tourism in the area. In 1982, a $2 million Wild Waters aquatic theme park was built, and in the spring of 1986 there was the opening of the $60 million ($167 million in 2023 dollars), 18-story Coeur d'alene Resort.[43] The waterfront resort featured a well-manicured frontage and a publicly accessible floating boardwalk that gave visitors the impression of a park-like environment and attracted the attention of publications nationwide.[43][44] The actions of the Aryan Nations, a white supremacist group founded by Richard Butler in 1974, also attracted media attention.[45] Butler's acolytes, many of whom were transplants like him, were linked to several robberies, murders, and three bombings, including the bombing of a Spokesman-Review office.[46][45] In 1986, Coeur d'Alene was presented the Raoul Wallenberg Award for its stand in peacefully countering the message of the white supremacists that moved into the area.[47][45] Coeur d'Alene also won the All-America City Award in 1990.[48] The Aryan Nations went bankrupt and ceased operations in 2000 when the Southern Poverty Law Center filed a lawsuit after the assault of a Native American woman. The lawsuit resulted in a $6.3 million judgment and the closure of their Hayden compound.[45]

 
The Roosevelt School was built in 1905 and became The Roosevelt Inn in 1994.

In the 1990s, the Coeur d'Alene area starting experiencing substantial population growth; many of these initial transplants came from California, citing earthquakes, crime, and overcrowding as reasons for their move.[46] This northward migration coincided with watershed events such as the 1992 Los Angeles riots and the 1994 Northridge earthquake.[49] The surrounding area got increased tourist attention when Silverwood Theme Park, which opened in 1988 on an airstrip with an authentic steam train and carnival rides, installed the Corkscrew roller coaster in 1990 that it purchased from Knott's Berry Farm.[50][51] Additional rides such as the Timber Terror and Tremors roller coasters in the 1990s and the 20-acre (0.081 km2) Boulder Beach water park in 2003 made Silverwood into a regional theme park, which attracts visitors primarily from the Spokane, Tri-Cities, and Seattle areas of Washington as well as some from the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta.[50] I

2000s edit

In 2014, McEuen Park on the downtown waterfront reopened to the public after undergoing a major $20 million renovation that transformed it from a park with baseball diamonds into a multi-use park with a variety of athletic facilities, a playground, and a dog park.[52] The state of Idaho is the fastest-growing state in the country. According to Census Bureau data in 2018, the city and county were among the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the nation with a net migration of about 3,200 residents from 2015 to 2016.[53] The newest transplants are still mainly from other western states and are moving for economic as well as political reasons, seeking a lower cost of living, more affordable housing, an outdoor lifestyle, and a place that is more conservative.[53]

In June 2022, the Coeur d'Alene Police Department, the Kootenai County Sheriff's Department, the Idaho State Police, and the FBI foiled a plot by the white nationalist Patriot Front to riot at a pride event in downtown Coeur d'Alene.[54] 31 Patriot Front members, hailing from 11 different states, made their way to downtown carrying shields, body armor, and at least one smoke grenade.[54][55] The men were arrested by law enforcement a short distance away from the event.[54]

In March 2024, Coeur d'Alene was again at the center of another racial incident. During the 2024 NCAA Women's Basketball tournament, local residents hurled racial insults at players of the University of Utah Women's Basketball team on multiple occasions. [56]

Geography edit

Topography edit

 
Spokane River drainage basin

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.08 square miles (41.65 km2), of which 15.57 square miles (40.33 km2) is land and 0.51 square miles (1.32 km2) is water.[57]

Coeur d'Alene is 30 miles (48 km) east of downtown Spokane, Washington, and 259 miles (415 km) east of Seattle.[58] The city is part of the Spokane–Coeur d'Alene combined statistical area and the Inland Northwest region, consisting of eastern Washington, northern Idaho, northwestern Montana, and northeastern Oregon.[59]

The city is located on the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene, near the outlet of the Spokane River, and is in the Northern Rockies ecoregion.[60][61] Lake Coeur d'Alene is a natural dam-controlled lake that is 25 miles (40 km) long and 1 mile (1.6 km) to 3 miles (4.8 km) wide and fed by the Coeur d'Alene and Saint Joe rivers.[62] Although the Post Falls Dam on the Spokane River near Post Falls controls the lake levels, the lake is usually kept at natural levels from January to June.[63] To the immediate southeast is Fernan Lake and to the northeast of the city is Hayden Lake and even further northeast in northern Kootenai County is Lake Pend Oreille, which is among the largest and deepest natural lakes in the western United States with a surface area of 85,960 acres (347.9 km2) and maximum depth of 1,152 feet (351 m).[60][64] These lakes, like others in the Spokane Valley and Rathdrum Prairie, were formed by the Missoula Floods, which ended 12,000 to 15,000 years ago.[65] The Coeur d'Alene Mountains of the Bitterroot Range rise to the east of the city to a maximum elevation of 7,352 feet (2,241 m) at Cherry Peak.[66]

The wooded lands east of the city, the Coeur d'Alene National Forest, have been designated for protection and management by the Idaho Panhandle National Forests. These thick forests include groves of ancient western redcedar and host over 300 wildlife species including woodland caribou, Canada lynx, grizzly bear, and wolves.[67][68] The large lakes in the Idaho panhandle attract birds on the Pacific Flyway, and bird watching is popular on Lake Coeur d'Alene, especially from November to February when bald eagles come annually to feed on the spawning kokanee.[69][70] The Cougar Bay Nature Preserve on the northeast portion of Lake Coeur d'Alene is the closest and most accessible nature preserve for wildlife viewing, as it is located a few minutes from downtown Coeur d'Alene.[71]

Environmental concerns have come as a result of upstream hardrock mining and smelting operations in the Silver Valley. The Coeur d'Alene Basin, including Lake Coeur d'Alene, is polluted with heavy metals such as lead and was designated a superfund site in 1983 that spans 1,500 square miles (3,884.98 km2) and 166 miles (267 km) of the Coeur d'Alene River.[72] The majority of the lake bed is covered in a layer of contaminated sediment and local health officials at the Panhandle Health District advise the lake's visitors to wash anything that has come into contact with potentially lead-laced soil or dust in the Coeur d'Alene River basin.[73]

Landscape edit

 
Panorama of Coeur d'Alene from the Cougar Bay Nature Preserve with Lake Coeur d'Alene in the foreground and Coeur d'Alene Mountains in the background

Climate edit

 
Lake effect fog over Coeur d'Alene

Coeur d'Alene has, depending on the definition, a dry-summer continental climate (Köppen Dsb) or a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb), characterized by a cold, moist climate in winter, and very warm, dry conditions in summer.[74][75] The daily mean temperature ranges from 31.2 °F (−0.4 °C) in January and December to 70.1 °F (21.2 °C) in July.[76] Temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 18.3 days per year, only occasionally reaching 100 °F (38 °C), and there may be several nights below 10 °F (−12 °C).[76] The average first and last freezes of the season are October 17 and April 28, respectively. The city straddles the border between USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6B and 7A.[77] The Spokane–Coeur d'Alene area has many microclimates that can have different weather patterns and observations from the nearby official reporting stations used by the National Weather Service due to the diversity of the topography and other factors. For instance, northern Idaho experiences more precipitation in rain and snow than eastern Washington from weather systems originating from the Pacific Ocean because it is on the windward side of the Rocky Mountains.[78] Average annual rainfall is 25 inches (64 cm) and the average annual snowfall is 46 inches (120 cm).[79] Northern Idaho weather is influenced by both maritime and continental weather systems. Moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over the North Central Rockies forests, creating the North American inland temperate rainforest, and dry air masses from Canada and the Great Plains contribute to dry summer months.[80] Coeur d'Alene can have noticeably milder nights and cooler days due to the moderating effect on the climate of large bodies of water such as Lake Coeur d'Alene.[78]

Climate data for Coeur d'Alene, Idaho (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 60
(16) 		62
(17) 		73
(23) 		94
(34) 		98
(37) 		108
(42) 		108
(42) 		109
(43) 		102
(39) 		88
(31) 		71
(22) 		60
(16) 		109
(43)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 49.4
(9.7) 		51.3
(10.7) 		62.7
(17.1) 		74.0
(23.3) 		83.6
(28.7) 		88.5
(31.4) 		96.1
(35.6) 		96.3
(35.7) 		89.1
(31.7) 		74.9
(23.8) 		58.4
(14.7) 		49.2
(9.6) 		97.7
(36.5)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 36.2
(2.3) 		40.7
(4.8) 		48.4
(9.1) 		56.2
(13.4) 		65.8
(18.8) 		72.1
(22.3) 		82.8
(28.2) 		83.0
(28.3) 		73.7
(23.2) 		58.4
(14.7) 		44.2
(6.8) 		36.1
(2.3) 		58.1
(14.5)
Daily mean °F (°C) 31.2
(−0.4) 		33.6
(0.9) 		39.5
(4.2) 		46.4
(8.0) 		55.1
(12.8) 		61.5
(16.4) 		70.1
(21.2) 		69.5
(20.8) 		61.0
(16.1) 		48.6
(9.2) 		37.9
(3.3) 		31.2
(−0.4) 		48.8
(9.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 26.2
(−3.2) 		26.5
(−3.1) 		30.7
(−0.7) 		36.7
(2.6) 		44.3
(6.8) 		50.9
(10.5) 		57.3
(14.1) 		56.0
(13.3) 		48.3
(9.1) 		38.7
(3.7) 		31.6
(−0.2) 		26.3
(−3.2) 		39.5
(4.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 10.8
(−11.8) 		13.5
(−10.3) 		19.0
(−7.2) 		27.7
(−2.4) 		33.3
(0.7) 		42.1
(5.6) 		48.1
(8.9) 		47.0
(8.3) 		37.6
(3.1) 		26.3
(−3.2) 		19.7
(−6.8) 		12.8
(−10.7) 		4.6
(−15.2)
Record low °F (°C) −30
(−34) 		−27
(−33) 		−13
(−25) 		5
(−15) 		21
(−6) 		28
(−2) 		36
(2) 		32
(0) 		17
(−8) 		2
(−17) 		−13
(−25) 		−26
(−32) 		−30
(−34)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.21
(82) 		2.11
(54) 		2.68
(68) 		1.91
(49) 		2.14
(54) 		2.17
(55) 		0.73
(19) 		0.77
(20) 		0.81
(21) 		2.02
(51) 		3.34
(85) 		3.47
(88) 		25.36
(644)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 10.0
(25) 		4.1
(10) 		2.2
(5.6) 		0.1
(0.25) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		2.1
(5.3) 		9.3
(24) 		28.0
(71)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 14.4 11.1 12.6 11.3 11.1 9.1 3.8 3.5 6.0 11.1 14.8 13.2 122.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 4.4 14.1
Source: NOAA[76][81]

Cityscape edit

Neighborhoods edit

See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kootenai County, Idaho
 
The Clark House, built in 1912 by F. Lewis Clark, south of Hayden Lake

As Coeur d'Alene has grown from a fort town, different neighborhoods and suburbs have grown around it.[82] The downtown city center of Coeur d'Alene is in the southeast of the urban area as the presence of Hayden Lake and Lake Fernan and the Coeur d'Alene mountains inhibit development to the east and Lake Coeur d'Alene and the Spokane River limit development to the south and southwest. Historic additions from the early 1900s were added close to the city center a few blocks from downtown, such as on East Sherman Avenue, East Lakeshore Drive near Sanders Beach, and near present-day City Park.[83] Today, the city has many neighborhoods, the largest being Coeur d'Alene city center, Post Falls and Hayden. The Coeur d'Alene city center has several parks and attractions and as a community gathering place, it has heavy foot traffic on fair weather summer weekends.

The largest building in the city, the 216-foot (66 m) Coeur d'Alene Resort Lake Tower, is in the city center. The downtown area is of increasing interest to higher density multifamily apartment and condominium-type developments to cope with the growth in housing demand and due to a lack of space and concerns about urban sprawl.[84][85]

Investment in residential and retail development has been intensive along the Interstate 90 corridor and has made Post Falls near the Washington state line become Kootenai County's second largest city. Due to its central location between Spokane and Coeur d'Alene, the city is host to a growing list of retail stores and is considered a bedroom community of Spokane.

The historic Post Falls Dam and surrounding Falls Park on the Spokane River is a local landmark. Hayden is the third largest city in the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area, and it is known for the eponymous Hayden Lake that was once the historic center of the community. The shores of the lake are filled with summer cabins and large mansions. The historic Hayden Lake Country Club, which lies at the center of the Hayden Lake community, was built in 1907 along with a rail connection with the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad that same year, which brought in many tourists to the resort and Honeysuckle Beach.[86]

With the rising use of the automobile, the center of town shifted away from the lake and railroad and reoriented toward Government Way.[87]

Demographics edit

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890491—
19005083.5%
19107,2911,335.2%
19206,447−11.6%
19308,29728.7%
194010,04921.1%
195012,19821.4%
196014,29117.2%
197016,22813.6%
198019,91322.7%
199024,56323.4%
200034,51440.5%
201044,13727.9%
202054,62823.8%
2022 (est.)56,733[5]3.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[88]
2020 Census[4]

2020 census edit

As of the census of 2020, there were 54,628 people and 22,699 households residing in the city. Coeur d'Alene and its Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which consists of Kootenai County, have been combined by the Census Bureau into the Spokane–Coeur d'Alene Combined Statistical Area (CSA) where it is the third-largest polity after Spokane and its largest suburb, Spokane Valley.[89] The population of the CSA was 745,213 in 2020.[90] The principal cities in the CSA are separated by suburbs that largely follow the path of Spokane Valley and Rathdrum Prairie. The City of Coeur d'Alene has opted not to voluntarily merge with the Spokane MSA and to remain a distinct metropolitan area.[91] According to Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidelines, the two MSAs will automatically be combined by the OMB when the employment interchange exceeds 25 percent; in 2011, 18 percent of residents commuted between Spokane and Kootenai counties for work.[91]

2010 census edit

As of the census of 2010, there were 44,137 people, 18,395 households, and 10,813 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,834.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,094.5/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,298.6 per square mile (501.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.8% White, 0.4% African American, 1.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.3% of the population.

There were 18,395 households, of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.2% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.92. The median age in the city was 35.4 years. 22.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 24% were from 45 to 64; and 14.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

Religion edit

 
St. Thomas Catholic Church

According to the 2010 Metro Area Membership Report of the Association of Religion Data Archives, the denominational affiliations of the Coeur d'Alene MSA (Kootenai County) are 60,657 Evangelical Protestant, 3,064 Mainline Protestant, 7,597 Catholic, 162 Orthodox, 8,492 Other, and 58,522 Unclaimed.[92] Idaho is part of a region called the Unchurched Belt, a region in the Northwestern United States that has historically low rates of religious participation. The evangelical Christian community has been growing with the overall population and there have been instances of whole congregations moving to the area from out of state.[49] The evangelical Christian Real Life Ministries church located in Post Falls was the 13th fastest growing church in the nation in 2007.[93]

Many new residents are retirees seeking lower cost of living and traffic; the number of residents aged 65 years and older doubled from 2001 to 2019 according to the Idaho Department of Labor.[94]

Crime edit

Coeur d'Alene
Crime rates* (2022)
Violent crimes
Homicide1
Rape54
Robbery14
Aggravated assault108
Total violent crime177
Property crimes
Burglary72
Larceny-theft478
Motor vehicle theft36
Arson9
Total property crime595
Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.

2022 population: 56,733

Source: 2022 FBI UCR Data

According to the National Incident-Based Reporting System, the Coeur d'Alene metro area (Kootenai County) crime rate per 100,000 population was 4,864 in 2018, which was lower than the Idaho state average of 5,032.[95] The county has a property crime rate of 12.88 and a violent crime rate of 1.59 per 1,000 people in the 2018 Uniform Crime Reports summary, which is lower than the Idaho state average of 14.61 and 2.27 respectively.[96][97] According to NeighborhoodScout's methodology, the city has a crime index of 24, meaning it is safer than 24 percent of US cities, and has a property and violent crime rate slightly above the Idaho state average but still below the national median in both categories.[98]

Economy edit

 
Fourth of July Festival in City Park

Historically, the economy of Coeur d'Alene was built and based on mining and logging and the Coeur d'Alene Mining District has been one of the world's most productive mining districts.[99] However, after mining and logging diminished in importance in the 1940s, tourism has come to be the main influence in the local economy ever since. The city has become a major tourist attraction, being at the heart of north Idaho's Lake Country where people partake in water sports and activities such as wake boarding, paddleboarding, sailing, parasailing, jet skiing, kayaking, fishing and other lake recreation.[100] In addition to the natural attractions and parks, the Coeur d'Alene area has two major resorts on the lake, the Coeur d'Alene Resort and the WorldMark Arrow Point resort directly across the lake in Harrison near the community of Eddyville as well as the Coeur d'Alene Casino in Worley, and the Northwestern United States' largest theme park in the Silverwood Theme Park in Athol.[101][102][103] There are three major ski resorts within a short driving distance, Silver Mountain Resort in Kellogg, Lookout Pass Ski and Recreation Area at Lookout Pass near Mullan, and Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort in Sandpoint.[104] Tourism and hospitality related jobs employed over 10,000 people in north Idaho in 2010.[105]

Coeur d'Alene is the healthcare, educational, media, manufacturing, retail and recreation center for north Idaho. Coeur d'Alene's retail has expanded greatly in recent years with the opening of new stores and entertainment venues; the Silver Lake Mall, which is the largest in North Idaho, was opened in 1989.[106] Coeur d'Alene's Village at Riverstone development along Northwest Boulevard houses a park, amphitheater, 14-theater Regal Cinemas, a Hampton Inn, condominiums, restaurants, and local retailers.[107]

Companies that have their head offices in Coeur d'Alene include mining company and owner of the Lucky Friday mine in Mullan, Hecla Mining and the U.S. operations of Canada-based restaurant Pita Pit.[108][109] A knife manufacturer, Buck Knives, is the most recognizable brand name in the area, where they relocated the head office and factory from San Diego to the Coeur d'Alene suburb of Post Falls in 2005.[110] Construction company and roller coaster manufacturer, Rocky Mountain Construction is based in Hayden.[111] In 2017, the Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of $5.93 billion.[112] The Coeur d'Alene metropolitan area has a workforce of 80,000 people and an unemployment rate of 6.8% (as of June 2020); the largest sectors for non-farm employment are trade, transportation, and utilities, government, and education and health services as well as leisure and hospitality.[113]

The average commute to work is 18.5 minutes.[114] Commuting across the state line into Washington is not uncommon. A concern for the city is that the rising minimum wage and salary differential between Washington and Idaho will cause local personnel shortages.[115] In 2011, the Idaho state median hourly wage was $14.51 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.[116]

Arts and culture edit

Arts and theater edit

The Coeur d'Alene area has a growing arts scene. The community has a symphony and theater productions from professional and community groups. The city has several art galleries, almost all displaying art located in the walkable downtown area along Sherman Avenue, Coeur d'Alene's main street.[117] Among the most prominent of these galleries is The Art Spirit Gallery.[118] Art can also be seen outside for free.[119] Since 1999, the City of Coeur d'Alene has had a funding mechanism for public art where 1.33 percent of the total cost of all eligible above-ground capital improvement projects is earmarked to fund art in public places.[120]

In the musical arts, the Coeur d'Alene Symphony traces its roots to the late 1970s as a class at North Idaho College.[121] The symphony performs an annual free concert for the community on Labor Day in Coeur d'Alene City Park and also performs during the summer. Street artists and musicians frequent Sherman Square performing for pedestrians. Theater arts are provided by the professional Coeur d'Alene Summer Theatre group and the community theater company, Lake City Playhouse.[122] The city's primary performing arts venues are the Schuler Performing Arts Center within Boswell Hall at North Idaho College and the Kroc Center.[123][124]

Museums edit

 
Gate of Fort Sherman
See also: List of museums in Idaho

The Museum of North Idaho located in downtown Coeur d'Alene chronicles the history of the region. The museum was established in July 1973[125] and permanent exhibits include "Schitsu'umsh, 'The People Who Were Discovered Here'", which explores the lives of the Coeur d'Alene people; "The Mullan Road", which commemorates Idaho's first road through the Fourth of July Pass; "The Scandinavians Settled Here", which examines the Nordic influences on Coeur d'Alene; and "Steamboats", which displays artifacts and photographs of the steamboats that used to cruise the lake.[126] The museum does walking tours of the Fort Sherman grounds and also rents out the Fort Sherman chapel, the oldest building in the city as a wedding venue.[127][128]

Events and activities edit

 
The Polar Bear Plunge at Sanders Beach, 2022

Many of the community events and activities in Coeur d'Alene occur during the warm summer months and they often take place by the lake. Annual events include the Fourth of July Festival and the Holiday Light Show that begins at the end of November. Coeur d'Alene has been known for hosting big Fourth of July celebrations since its early days as a fort town. The Fourth of July Festival usually includes a parade down Sherman Avenue, food and craft vendors, carnival rides, and live music and entertainment.[129] Many watch the fireworks by the waterfront and beach; the Coeur d'Alene resort offers fireworks cruises that depart from Independence Point. In the winter, the Holiday Light Show festivities begin at the end of November and the lights are on display until January 1. The event also begins with a parade down Sherman Avenue and ends with a fireworks show; the resort's light show features over 1.5 million bulbs, and the resort offers "Journey to the North Pole" cruises.[130][131] Another event in the winter months that often gets media attention is the Polar Bear Plunge every year on January 1 at noon, where event participants run into the cold waters of Lake Coeur d'Alene at Sanders Beach.[132]

One of the most well-attended events in the region combines Art on the Green, the Street Fair, and Taste of Coeur d'Alene, which are all held on the first weekend in August on the North Idaho College campus, downtown Coeur d'Alene, and City Park.[133] Art on the Green is an outdoor arts and crafts festival, Street Fair is a shopping festival, and the Taste of Coeur d'Alene is a food festival; the combined annual attendance is about 60,000 people.[134] Other notable events include Brewfest and the North Idaho State Fair.[134]

Sports edit

 
Ironman Coeur d'Alene, 2013

Coeur d'Alene has become a destination for golf enthusiasts.[135][136] The city is home to five golf courses and there are another eight more within 20 miles (32 km).[137] Coeur d'Alene Resort Golf Course is considered one of the best resort courses in the United States.[138] Its 14th hole features the world's only movable floating green.[139][140] There is also the Circling Raven Golf Club at the Coeur d'Alene Casino resort,[141] as well as several other private courses nearby, such the Tom Fazio-designed Gozzer Ranch.[142][143]

Coeur d'Alene hosts some sporting events, and the event that receives the most attention is most likely the Ironman Coeur d'Alene. The Ironman Triathlon alternates between full- and half-distance Ironman events on a rotating basis from year to year.[144] The course takes athletes through a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) double-loop swim in Lake Coeur d'Alene before transitioning to a 112-mile (180 km) double-loop bike course that is routed along the lake and then through the countryside, ending in a 26.2-mile (42.2 km) multiple-loop run through McEuen Park to a finish in downtown on Sherman Ave.[145] Other less intense and rigorous athletic events in town include the 15–108 mi (24–174 km) Coeur d'Fondo bike race[146] and the Coeur d'Alene Crossing, a 2.4-mile (3.9 km) swimming challenge in which participants attempt to cross the lake.[147] The Coeur d'Alene marathon is held annually at the end of May on the North Idaho Centennial Trail.[148]

In amateur baseball, Coeur d'Alene fields a team in the American Legion Baseball league, the CDA Lumbermen.[149] In high school team sports, there is an annual rivalry game between the Coeur d'Alene High School Vikings and Lake City High School Timberwolves called the "Fight for the Fish".[150] The schools are the only two public high schools in the city and both compete in Idaho's Inland Empire League.

Parks and recreation edit

The natural environment is among the chief attractions in the Coeur d'Alene area. The biggest natural attractions and parks include Tubbs Hill, City Park and Beach, and McEuen Park, all near downtown. Tubbs Hill is a 120-acre (49 ha) park that is bordered by downtown Coeur d'Alene and McEuen Park to the north and the by Lake Coeur d'Alene on the south, east, and west sides.[151] The park features a somewhat rugged 2.2-mile (3.5 km) interpretive trail that offers views of the lake and the city.[152] People often cliff jump into the lake from outcroppings in the park. City Park occupies 17 acres (6.9 ha) in total along the lake shore near downtown and features 16 acres (6.5 ha) of beach with a tree lined promenade, beach volleyball courts, basketball courts, public drinking, restroom, and shower facilities, picnic tables, and a large picnic shelter for events, and a Fort Sherman themed playground for children.[152][153] McEuen Park, which reopened in 2014 after a remodel, is a 22.5-acre (9.1 ha) park just north of Tubbs Hill that has a large playground, children's climbing rock, splash pad, two tennis/pickleball courts, four basketball courts, and an off leash dog park.[152] It also features a large pavilion and grassy amphitheater with concessions and restrooms for hosting large events as well as a boat launch and mooring facilities.[52][154] Other recreation facilities include the Kroc Center, located near Ramsey Park just north of the Village at Riverstone, a multi-use venue with pool facilities and a fitness and recreation center.[155]

The North Idaho Centennial Trail passes through the city.

Government edit

 
Kootenai County Courthouse

The community operates on a mayor–council government, where the mayor and the six councilors are each elected to four-year terms and the mayor leads the city council meetings on the first and third Tuesday of each month at Coeur d'Alene City Hall.[156][157] The current mayor, James Hammond took office on January 4, 2022.[158] The city is also the county seat of Kootenai County, Idaho.[159]

At the state level, The City of Coeur d'Alene is within Idaho Legislative District 2 and Idaho Legislative District 4 for the Idaho House of Representatives and Idaho Senate. At the federal level, north Idaho is within Idaho's 1st congressional district and represented by Russ Fulcher in the United States House of Representatives and the state of Idaho by Mike Crapo and James Risch in the United States Senate.[160][161]

Coeur d'Alene, like the state of Idaho as a whole, is known for its conservative politics.[162] The city and Kootenai County vote reliably conservative, and races at the federal and state level are often noncompetitive; local county and city partisan races are sometimes even uncontested.[163] The changing demographics of the county and region have altered the political landscape of the community and can be viewed as part of a nationwide ideological polarization trend.[49] North Idaho had once been made up of largely progressive districts populated by a significant proportion of union laborers who worked the mines in the Silver Valley; these districts moderated, particularly in the 1980s, after mine and mill closures and union busting, and they had more competitive elections until the late 20th century.[49][163][164][165] Coeur d'Alene is among a small group of cities in the United States that has elected a socialist mayor; they elected John T. Wood, a Socialist Party of America member, to office in 1911 on a campaign platform of clean water, better health and sanitation standards, and anti-corruption.[166] Since the high-growth period beginning in the 1990s, continuing outmigration of conservatives from the west coast states has made elections in the two-party system less competitive over time as the newer residents see the city as a place that represents their social and political values, which are sometimes more conservative than the city as a whole.[163][165] Many of the new migrants to the state of Idaho came from California, which accounted for over half the net in-migration between 1992 and 2000 and three of the top four counties that had out-migration to Kootenai County were from the birthplace of modern American conservatism in southern California–San Diego, Los Angeles, and Orange.[49]

Education edit

 
Coeur d'Alene Public Library

Library services for the city of Coeur d'Alene are provided by two public libraries, the Coeur d'alene Public Library in downtown and the Lake City Public Library near Lake City High School.[167][168] The Community Library Network maintains seven libraries in the wider communities in Kootenai and Shoshone counties, including branches in Post Falls, Hayden, Rathdrum, Spirit Lake, Athol, and Harrison.[169] Public library services in the area trace their roots to the Coeur d'Alene Women's Club in October 1904 and its operations and funding responsibilities were taken over by the city in May 1909.[170]

The Coeur d'Alene School District serves around 11,000 students in 18 schools, including two traditional high schools, an alternative high school, three middle schools, eleven elementary schools, and a dropout retrieval school.[171] The first high school in the city, Coeur d'Alene High School, had its first building to house the students completed in 1904[172] and a second public high school, Lake City High School, was opened in 1994. District students who qualify are also eligible for dual enrollment with North Idaho College and the University of Idaho. The district also has magnet schools that focus on specific curricula, such as the Sorensen Magnet School of the Arts and Humanities and Ramsey Magnet School of Science elementary schools and the Fernan STEM Academy, offering a STEM focus.[173][171] The district is the sixth-largest in the state and second-largest employer in Kootenai County.[174] Coeur d'Alene also has a charter school, the Coeur d'Alene Charter Academy.[175] Private and parochial schools augment the public school system, such as the PK-8 grade Roman Catholic Holy Family Catholic School and the PK-8 grade Seventh-day Adventist Lake City Academy.[176] Private schools that offer a full high school curriculum include the PK-12 grade Classical Christian Academy and the 1–12 grade North Idaho Christian School which are both non-denominational ASCI-accredited Christian schools located in Hayden.[177][178]

Postsecondary education is fulfilled by North Idaho College, a public community college founded in 1933 as the Coeur d'Alene Junior College in downtown Coeur d'Alene on the former site of Fort Sherman.[179] The college has an enrollment of over 5,000 students and has outreach branches in Kellogg, Sandpoint, and Bonners Ferry.[180] The University of Idaho has a Coeur d'Alene presence and has a research park in the area.[181]

Media edit

See also: Category:Radio stations in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and Category:Mass media in Spokane, Washington

Coeur d'Alene is part of the Spokane television and radio media market and receives broadcasts in the Pacific Time Zone. Coeur d'Alene is the city of license for some television and radio stations in the broadcast area, such as Idaho Public Television station, KCDT.[182] In print media, Coeur d'Alene is also covered by Spokane's major daily newspaper, The Spokesman-Review, but the city has its own daily newspaper, the Coeur d'Alene Press, which covers issues in North Idaho and has an estimated circulation of about 17,300.[183] The publication was founded in 1892 by Joseph T. Scott and printed its first issue on February 20 of that year.[184] The newspaper is among the properties of the Hagadone Corporation.[183]

Infrastructure edit

Transportation edit

Roads and highways edit

 
I-90 at exit 12 and US 95

In Coeur d'Alene, the city roads are oriented in the four cardinal directions, with roads going north–south being designated as "streets" and roads going east–west as "avenues". Sherman Avenue divides the streets into north and south, and Government Way divides the avenues into east and west. Major east–west thoroughfares include Sherman Avenue and Harrison Avenue and major north–south thoroughfares include U.S. Route 95 (US 95), Government Way, 15th Street, and Ramsey Street.[185][186] Coeur d'Alene is accessed from Interstate 90 (I-90) at exits 11 through 15.[187] Not too far to the east on I-90 is the Fourth of July Pass and further east near the Montana border is Lookout Pass that traverse the Rocky Mountains near Mullan, Idaho.[188] The route of the Interstate east of Coeur d'Alene closely mirrors that of the old Mullan Road, although I-90 crosses the Fourth of July Pass two miles (3.2 km) south of John Mullan's passage, which was carved out using pickaxes and shovels on July 4, 1861, and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and marked by a monument.[16][189] Before the construction of I-90, the city was served by US 10, which ran through downtown; this route is now Northwest Boulevard and Sherman Avenue. The former US 10, between I-90 exits 11 and 15, is now designated as I-90 Business. I-90 was completed on October 14, 1960, and dedicated by Governor Robert E. Smylie 10 days later as the state's first major Interstate Highway project to be completed.[190] Major state highways in the area include State Highway 41 (SH 41) and US 95. SH 41 has its southern terminus in Post Falls and is routed from I-90 northward to the Newport, Washington area, where it is in the vicinity of US 2, and US 95 runs north to south across the whole of western Idaho, connecting the city with Sandpoint to the north and Moscow, Lewiston, and eventually Boise to the south.[187] Originally an exclusively in-state highway when it was proposed by the United States Numbered Highway System in 1925, spanning from the Canadian border to Payette, it is significant for connecting the long-disconnected northern panhandle to the rest of the state; prior to the construction of US 95, one would have to travel through Washington and Oregon for passage to avoid the mountainous topography.[191] The portion of its route that it shares with US 2 is a National Scenic Byway and part of the International Selkirk Loop.[187] In Coeur d'Alene, US 95 runs north to south, crossing the Spokane River and serving as an arterial street for the suburbs to the north.[185]

The greater Coeur d'Alene area is almost entirely dependent upon private automobiles for transportation, the city has a Walk Score of 36, indicating most errands require a car.[192] Combined with the city's rapid growth since 1990, relative congestion now occurs on a significant portion of the area highways, notably U.S. 95 between Northwest Blvd. north to Hayden.[193] The average commute to work is 18.5 minutes.[114]

Public transportation edit

 
Citylink Riverstone Transit Center

Public transportation played a significant role in Coeur d'Alene's early growth as a tourist destination. When an interurban electric railroad line was completed in 1903 from Spokane to the city, Inland Northwest residents often flocked to Lake Coeur d'Alene to enjoy being on the lake and going on steamboat cruises and other activities.[194] The interurban electric line would later become the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad. The steamboats on Lake Coeur d'Alene were not only used to transport goods such as ore and timber, but also people. More steamboats operated on Lake Coeur d'Alene than on any other lake west of the Great Lakes, and there were intense rivalries between the steamboat lines.[195] The electric railroad and steam navigation on Lake Coeur d'Alene lasted until the late 1930s.[196][c]

Free public bus service is available to area residents, provided by Citylink.[198] Citylink buses operate in the urbanized area of Kootenai County, leaving the Riverstone Transfer Station main hub every hour, seven days a week, including holidays. Buses are wheelchair-accessible and can transport up to two bicycles.[199] The bus system has four separate routes:[198][200] Urban Route B which serves Post Falls, Hayden and West Coeur d'Alene, Urban Route C which serves Downtown Coeur d'Alene, Fernan and Hayden, Rural Route, which serves the towns of Worley, Plummer, Tensed, and De Smet, and the Link Route, which connects the two transfer stations at Riverstone and Worley. Extension of Spokane Transit Authority service into Idaho, mainly an hourly express bus to and from Coeur d'Alene, originally proposed as part of the 2015 "STA Moving Forward" ballot measure, is expected to commence in 2025.[201][202]

Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines.[203]

Passenger rail edit

Coeur d'Alene does not have a passenger railroad station. The closest Amtrak stations are Spokane and Sandpoint, both of which are served by Amtrak's Empire Builder.[204]

Airports edit

The closest major airport serving Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho is Spokane International Airport, which is served by six airlines and is 40 miles (64 km) to the west in Spokane, Washington.[205] The Coeur d'Alene Airport – Pappy Boyington Field (KCOE) serves as a general aviation airport in Hayden, north of the city near U.S. 95.[206] The airport was built by the U.S. Army Air Corps in 1942 as a fighter and light bomber training base.[207] The Coeur d'Alene Airport was designated as an alternate airport to Weeks Field (now the site of the Kootenai County Fairgrounds) in the event of an Axis invasion; the Weeks Field airport was also used to train pilots during World War II.[208] It is named in honor of World War II flying ace and North Idaho native, Gregory "Pappy" Boyington.[209]

Near the marina on Lake Coeur d'Alene is the Brooks Seaplane Base (S76), which is a city-owned, public-use seaplane base for general aviation. It is used mostly for air taxi purposes to conduct tours of Lake Coeur d'Alene and Lake Pend Oreille.[210]

Utilities edit

The city of Coeur d'Alene provides billing services for municipal water, sewer and stormwater management, street lighting, garbage collection, and recycling; Kootenai Electric Cooperative provides power and Avista Utilities provides both power and natural gas services in the area.[211][212] The city draws its water supply from the Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer. Telecom services such as television, internet, and telephone service are provided by vendors including Frontier Communications, Spectrum, Time Warner, and TDS Telecom.[211]

The Post Falls hydroelectric dam on the Spokane River was built in 1906 and has a generation capacity of 14.75 megawatts.[213]

Healthcare edit

 
Kootenai Health

Kootenai Health is the primary medical center serving the Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho communities. The 329-bed community hospital is a Level III trauma center[214][215] and is the largest employer in Kootenai County.[216] Coeur d'Alene also has a Veterans Affairs Community Based Outpatient Clinic (CBOC), the North Idaho CBOC, which has the Mann-Grandstaff VA Medical Center in Spokane as a parent facility.[217] Public health programs and services for Idaho's five northernmost counties are administered by the Panhandle Health District, one of seven health districts in the state, with a local office in Hayden.[218]

Police edit

The Coeur d'Alene Police Department was established in 1887, shortly after Coeur d'Alene was incorporated as a town; one of the first official acts the Board of Trustees took was to appoint a Town Marshal.[20] The police department has 103 police officers as of September 2020.[219] In addition to the officers on staff, the department has a program called Officers Without Legal Standing (OWLS), which consists of retired law enforcement officers of various backgrounds from California who render assistance and aid as unpaid volunteers.[220][221] Coeur d'Alene and North Idaho have been favored retirement destinations for former California law enforcement for decades, the trend being reported on as early as 1986 by the Los Angeles Times.[222][223][220] By the end of the 1990s, the number of retired California police officers in North Idaho numbered over 500; former LAPD detective Mark Fuhrman is among its residents.[49]

Sister cities edit

Coeur d'Alene has one sister city, which is the Canadian city of Cranbrook, British Columbia.[224]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Lewis and Clark noted the likely first contact between the Coeur d'Alene people and European Americans in a trade encounter at a Nez Perce camp on their expedition in 1805; along with trade goods, the trappers unwittingly brought diseases that decimated the native population by about 80 percent.[9]
  2. ^ The U.S. government decided to close Fort Sherman and build Fort George Wright in Spokane in part due to the persistent flooding of the banks on Lake Coeur d'Alene.[30]
  3. ^ The popularity and convenience of the automobile and better road infrastructure led to the decline in other modes of transportation.[197] Some steamboats were deliberately set ablaze for Fourth of July celebrations in the late 1930s.[196]

References edit

  1. ^ Oliveria, Dave F. (May 24, 2011). "Walla Walla Slogan Among Worst". The Spokesman-Review. Retrieved August 8, 2020.
  2. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
  3. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
  4. ^ a b c "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  5. ^ a b "City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022". United States Census Bureau. January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  6. ^ "Coeur d'Alene". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
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Bibliography edit

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  • Dahlgren, Dorothy; Carbonneau Kincaid, Simone (2009). In All the West No Place Like This: A Pictorial History of the Coeur d'Alene Region. Coeur d'Alene, ID: Museum of North Idaho. ISBN 978-0972335645. OCLC 466927090.
  • Frey, Rodney (2001). Landscape Traveled by Coyote and Crane: The World of the Schitsu'umsh (Coeur d'Alene Indians). Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295801629. OCLC 939750429.
  • Holt, Ruby El (1951). "Shadowy St. Joe". Steamboats in the Timber (1st ed.). Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, Ltd. LCCN 52-5206.
  • Langdon, Emma F. (1908). Labor's Greatest Conflicts. Denver, CO: Press of the Great Western Pub. Co. OCLC 5805806.
  • Lukas, J. Anthony (1997). Big Trouble: A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off a Struggle for the Soul of America. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0684808581. OCLC 892926016.
  • Schwantes, Carlos A. (1996). The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History (Revised ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0803292284.
  • Singletary, Robert (2019). Coeur d'Alene Beautiful & Progressive: An Illustrated History of Coeur d'Alene Idaho 1878-1990. Coeur d'Alene, ID: Museum of North Idaho. ISBN 9780982522097. OCLC 1191834896.
  • Walker, Dale L. (1999). Bear Flag Rising: The Conquest of California, 1846. New York, NY: Macmillan. p. 60. ISBN 0312866852.

Further reading edit

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Cœur d'Alêne".
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Coeur d'Alene.
  • Official website
  • "Coeur d'Alene, Idaho". C-SPAN Cities Tour. December 2013.

January 01, 1970
coeur, alene, idaho, coeur, alene, ɔːr, layn, french, cœur, alène, heart, french, pronunciation, kœʁ, lɛn, city, county, seat, kootenai, county, idaho, united, states, most, populous, city, north, idaho, principal, city, coeur, alene, metropolitan, statistical. Coeur d Alene ˌ k ɔːr d e ˈ l eɪ n KOR de LAYN 6 7 8 French Cœur d Alene lit Heart of an Awl French pronunciation kœʁ d a lɛn is a city and the county seat of Kootenai County Idaho United States It is the most populous city in North Idaho and the principal city of the Coeur d Alene Metropolitan Statistical Area The population was 54 628 at the 2020 census 4 Coeur d Alene is a satellite city of Spokane which is located about thirty miles 50 km to the west in the state of Washington The two cities are the key components of the Spokane Coeur d Alene Combined Statistical Area of which Coeur d Alene is the third largest city after Spokane and its largest suburb Spokane Valley The city is situated on the north shore of the 25 mile 40 km long Lake Coeur d Alene and to the west of the Coeur d Alene Mountains Locally Coeur d Alene is known as the Lake City or simply called by its initials CDA Coeur d AleneCityAerial view of Coeur d AleneCoeur d Alene Resort and marinaFloating boardwalkIndependence PointCoeur d Alene Resort floating greenCoeur d Alene and Tubbs Hill from City Park and BeachFlagLogoNickname s Lake City CDAMotto City with a Heart 1 Location of Coeur d Alene in Kootenai County IdahoCoeur d AleneShow map of IdahoCoeur d AleneShow map of the United StatesCoordinates 47 41 34 N 116 46 48 W 47 69278 N 116 78000 W 47 69278 116 78000CountryUnited StatesStateIdahoCountyKootenaiFounded1878Incorporated town August 22 1887Incorporated city September 4 1906Government MayorJames HammondArea 2 City16 82 sq mi 43 56 km2 Land16 06 sq mi 41 58 km2 Water0 76 sq mi 1 98 km2 Elevation 3 2 188 ft 667 m Population 2020 4 City54 628 Estimate 2022 5 56 733 RankUS 702ndID 7th Density3 522 0 sq mi 1 360 0 km2 Urban121 831 US 272nd Metro183 578 US 240th Combined781 497 US 70th Time zoneUTC 8 Pacific PST Summer DST UTC 7 PDT ZIP Codes83814 83815Area code s 208 and 986FIPS code16 16750GNIS feature ID0379485 3 Websitecdaid org The city is named after the Coeur d Alene people a federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who live along the rivers and lakes of the region in a territory of 4 000 000 acres 16 000 km2 from eastern Washington to Montana The native peoples were hunter gatherers who located their villages and camps near food gathering or processing sites and followed the seasonal cycles practicing subsistence hunting fishing and foraging The city began as a fort town General William Tecumseh Sherman sited what became known as Fort Sherman on the north shore of Lake Coeur d Alene in 1878 Peopling of the town came when miners and prospectors came to the region after gold and silver deposits were found in what would become the Silver Valley and after the Northern Pacific Railroad reached the town in 1883 In the 1890s two significant miners uprisings over wages took place in the Coeur d Alene Mining District leading to the declaration of martial law with the latter providing a motive for the assassination of a former Idaho governor and subsequently a nationally publicized trial The late 19th century discovery of highly prized white pine in the forests of northern Idaho resulted in a timber boom that peaked in the late 1920s and was accompanied by the rapid population growth which led to the incorporation of the city on September 4 1906 After the Great Depression tourism started to become a major source of development in the area By the 1980s tourism became the major driver in the local economy and after decades of heavy reliance on logging the city featured a more balanced economy with manufacturing retail and service sectors The city of Coeur d Alene has grown significantly since the 1990s in part because of a substantial increase in tourism encouraged by resorts and recreational activities in the area and outmigration predominantly from other western states The Coeur d Alene Resort and its 0 75 mile 1 21 km floating boardwalk and a 165 acre 0 67 km2 natural area called Tubbs Hill take up a prominent portion of the city s downtown Popular parks such as City Park and Beach and McEuen Park are also fixtures of the downtown waterfront The city has become somewhat of a destination for golfers there are five courses in the city including the Coeur d Alene Resort Golf Course and its unique 14th hole floating green The Coeur d Alene Casino and its Circling Raven Golf Club is located approximately 27 miles 43 km south and the largest theme park in the Northwestern United States Silverwood Theme Park is located approximately twenty miles 30 km north There are also several ski resorts and other recreation areas nearby The city is home to the Museum of North Idaho and North Idaho College and it has become known for having one of the largest holiday light shows in the United States and hosting a popular Ironman Triathlon event Coeur d Alene is located on the route of Interstate 90 and is served by the Coeur d Alene Airport as well as the Brooks Seaplane Base by air In print media local issues are covered by the Coeur d Alene Press daily newspaper Contents 1 History 1 1 1800s 1 2 1900s 1 3 2000s 2 Geography 2 1 Topography 2 1 1 Landscape 2 2 Climate 2 3 Cityscape 2 3 1 Neighborhoods 3 Demographics 3 1 2020 census 3 2 2010 census 3 3 Religion 3 4 Crime 4 Economy 5 Arts and culture 5 1 Arts and theater 5 2 Museums 5 3 Events and activities 6 Sports 7 Parks and recreation 8 Government 9 Education 10 Media 11 Infrastructure 11 1 Transportation 11 1 1 Roads and highways 11 1 2 Public transportation 11 1 3 Passenger rail 11 1 4 Airports 11 2 Utilities 11 3 Healthcare 11 4 Police 12 Sister cities 13 See also 14 Notes 15 References 15 1 Bibliography 16 Further reading 17 External linksHistory edit nbsp Coeur d Alene Mission of the Sacred Heart on the Coeur d Alene River 1855 The Coeur d Alene people called themselves Schitsu umsh in Coeur d Alene one of the Salishan languages meaning those who are found here 9 10 or the found ones 11 These Native Americans lived along the rivers and lakes of the region in a territory of 4 000 000 acres 16 000 km2 extending from eastern Washington to Montana these tribes primarily located their villages and camps near food gathering or processing sites 9 10 The camps featured conical lodges constructed from poles and mats sewn from tule or animal hides 9 The Coeur d Alene people were hunter gatherers who practiced subsistence hunting of wild game and fishing during the salmon runs and then foraging for berries and other edibles along the shores of the region s numerous lakes and rivers 9 10 The introduction of the horse c 1760 made hunting and transportation more efficient 9 10 1800s edit The area was extensively explored by fur trader David Thompson of the North West Company starting in 1807 and in 1809 he established the Kullyspell House trading post on Lake Pend Oreille 11 a Thompson who usually used native names to describe the places and people he came across ascribed the name of Pointed Hearts to one of the tribes he traded with and Pointed Heart Lake for the lake they lived near 11 Since Thompson traveled with French speaking Iroquois guides and scouts it has been speculated that they may have been the first to refer to the tribe as the Coeur d Alene 9 10 As French was the spoken language of the Canadian fur traders it is likely that pointed heart has its origins in the French transliteration of Cœur or heart d or in the middle of and Alene or awl meaning the tribal traders had hearts as sharp as the tip of an awl or that they were sharp businessmen 11 10 The Oregon boundary dispute or Oregon question arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century The British had trading ties extending from Canada and had started settlements at Fort Vancouver and at Fort Astoria on the Pacific coast near the mouth of the Columbia River The Oregon Treaty of 1846 ended the disputed joint occupation of the area in present day Idaho when Britain ceded all rights to land south of the 49th parallel to the United States 12 In another territorial dispute the U S government through Washington Territory Governor Isaac Stevens began to negotiate treaties that would begin to move the various tribes of the region onto reservation lands to make way for American settlement 13 This angered the Coeur d Alene as several treaty re negotiations continually reduced their tribal lands 13 The tribe also perceived the planned construction a military wagon road as a precursor to a land grab by the United States 14 These talks and increasing settler encroachment sparked armed hostilities between the native Coeur d Alene Spokane and Palouse and the settler populations that resulted in an initial victory for the tribes at the Battle of Steptoe Butte but were followed up with George Wright s campaign that subdued the natives 13 The Coeur d Alene Reservation is located in Benewah and Kootenai counties south of Coeur d Alene in communities focused around Worley and Plummer 15 In 1859 with U S funding in place Governor Stevens appointed John Mullan to survey the interior of the Northwestern United States for possible railroad routes and oversee the construction of the 611 mile 983 km Mullan Road that bears his name from Fort Walla Walla on the Columbia River through the Rocky Mountains to Fort Benton on the Missouri River 16 With the discovery of gold in the western United States and the establishment of Idaho Territory in 1863 there was an increase in settlers to the region 17 When General William Tecumseh Sherman was commander of the U S Army during the Indian Wars and following the defeat of General George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn he erected several forts in the west 17 During a tour of the Inland Northwest on his way to Fort Walla Walla on the Mullan Road he was impressed by the scenery of the area and ordered a fort constructed on the lake in 1877 and gave it the name Fort Coeur d Alene 17 The fort which gave the city its name was established in 1878 and the name of the fort was later changed to Fort Sherman to honor the general 17 nbsp The Idaho docked at the Electric Dock c 1908 Miners and prospectors came to the region after gold and silver deposits were found in the Coeur d Alene Mountains and the Northern Pacific Railroad came to the village in 1883 18 The village became the location where ore from the mining district was ferried and transferred to the rail lines from steamboats that traveled down from the Coeur d Alene River from the Cataldo Mission 19 The township was officially incorporated by petition on August 22 1887 20 In the 1890s two significant miners uprisings took place in the Coeur d Alene Mining District where the workers struggled with high risk and low pay In 1892 the union s discovery of a labor spy in their midst in the person of Charlie Siringo a sometime cowboy and Pinkerton agent resulted in a labor strike that developed into a shooting war between miners and the company in Burke Canyon When the mine owners planned to reduce wages of some workers to offset increased operating costs the miners declared a strike against the reduction of wages and the increase in work hours and demanded a living wage 21 be paid to every man working underground the common laborer as well as the skilled in a stand for industrial unionism 22 To restore order to the state of rebellion in Shoshone County Governor N B Willey declared martial law and sent federal troops to arrest and detain the union miners but not before dozens of casualties including six deaths and the destruction of the Frisco Mill 22 Six hundred miners were put into bullpens without any hearings or formal charges 23 Labor disputes between some company mines and the union continued into the next decade A similar labor confrontation in 1899 took place after the union was launching an organizing drive of the few mines not yet fully unionized 24 where miners working in the Bunker Hill and Sullivan mines were receiving fifty cents to a dollar less per day than other miners 25 With no success in the effort on April 29 250 union members seized a train in Burke at gunpoint according to the engineer Levi Al Hutton 26 At each stop through Burke Canyon more miners climbed aboard what was dubbed the Dynamite Express toward the site of the 250 000 Bunker Hill mine near Wardner the miners then carried 3 000 pounds 1 400 kg of dynamite into the mill and completely destroyed it 27 The crowd also burned down the company office the boarding house and the home of the mine manager Like in the 1892 strike martial law was declared by Governor Frank Steunenberg and wholesale arrests and mass incarcerations were done to bring back order 22 Harry Orchard who owned a share of the Hercules Mine at one point and played a significant role in the Colorado Labor Wars returned to Idaho to assassinate former governor Steunenberg in 1905 28 The bombing assassination led to a nationally publicized trial in Boise 22 After a U S Geological Survey done in the 1890s it became widely known that there were large quantities of white pine a highly prized softwood in the Coeur d Alene Mountains 29 The lumber industry from the eastern US began to inventory the timberlands acquire land and invest in facilities across much of northern Idaho 29 This was welcome relief to the town of Coeur d Alene which had been reeling from the Panic of 1893 a flood in 1894 and the closure of Fort Sherman 29 b 1900s edit nbsp Sherman Avenue c 1908The city experienced significant growth from the timber boom and the development of the railroads steamboats and tourism that accompanied it Coeur d Alene incorporated as a city on September 4 1906 and by 1908 it had become the county seat 31 From 1900 to 1915 there were hundreds of homes constructed across 70 newly platted additions 32 With the advent of the automobile and the internal combustion engine trucks and chainsaws the felling and transporting of trees became more productive and efficient and lumber production reached its height in the late 1910s and 1920s in 1925 there were seven lumber mills operating in the area and they were producing 500 million board feet of lumber 33 After the 1929 stock market crash and during the Great Depression the lumber industry demand began to wane and by the mid 1930s about half the woodworkers in North Idaho were laid off and the surviving mills were producing only 160 million board feet of lumber per year 34 Although it was a tough time accomplishments during the Depression years included the establishment of Coeur d Alene Junior College North Idaho College in 1933 the construction of Northwest Boulevard through the Works Progress Administration program in 1937 and the building of the popular Playfair Pier amusement park on the lake in the early 1940s 35 The Playfair Pier opened on July 4 1942 and existed until 1974 in City Park and included a variety of rides and attractions such as a miniature roller coaster a Ferris wheel a carousel and some of the usual carnival games 36 Coeur d Alene benefited from its proximity to the Farragut Naval Training Station established in 1942 on the south end of Lake Pend Oreille which employed 22 000 people and needed 98 million board feet of lumber to build 650 buildings 37 Due to the scenic lake tourism has always been a factor in the local economy In the early 1900s it had become popular in Spokane to travel and picnic in the park shop in town and take steamboat cruises on the lake and up the Saint Joe River 29 Coeur d Alene had also received national publicity in magazines where it had been called a wonderland and the Lucerne of America 38 However tourism began to become a mainstay of the economy with the completion of highway infrastructure projects in the 1950s and 1960s and the Coeur d Alene Chamber of Commerce began to promote the city as a tourist destination as well 39 As tourism increased there was more demand for lodging facilities convention space restaurants and cultural activities By 1976 the city had over 30 motels with about 1 500 rooms 40 On June 14 1958 the city hosted the first Diamond Cup Hydroplane race which was one of the largest events in its history and garnered national publicity and media coverage 41 The event was attended by 30 000 people and it was considered a success by the Diamond Cup organizers The race was held at Lake Coeur d Alene for the next eight years it was discontinued due to persistent difficulties in raising funds for the event 41 After decades of heavy reliance on logging in the 1980s the city featured a more balanced economy with manufacturing retail and service sectors 42 Tourism has taken on even more prominence and has become one of the main drivers of the local economy since the start of the 1980s when there was new investment into recreational tourism in the area In 1982 a 2 million Wild Waters aquatic theme park was built and in the spring of 1986 there was the opening of the 60 million 167 million in 2023 dollars 18 story Coeur d alene Resort 43 The waterfront resort featured a well manicured frontage and a publicly accessible floating boardwalk that gave visitors the impression of a park like environment and attracted the attention of publications nationwide 43 44 The actions of the Aryan Nations a white supremacist group founded by Richard Butler in 1974 also attracted media attention 45 Butler s acolytes many of whom were transplants like him were linked to several robberies murders and three bombings including the bombing of a Spokesman Review office 46 45 In 1986 Coeur d Alene was presented the Raoul Wallenberg Award for its stand in peacefully countering the message of the white supremacists that moved into the area 47 45 Coeur d Alene also won the All America City Award in 1990 48 The Aryan Nations went bankrupt and ceased operations in 2000 when the Southern Poverty Law Center filed a lawsuit after the assault of a Native American woman The lawsuit resulted in a 6 3 million judgment and the closure of their Hayden compound 45 nbsp The Roosevelt School was built in 1905 and became The Roosevelt Inn in 1994 In the 1990s the Coeur d Alene area starting experiencing substantial population growth many of these initial transplants came from California citing earthquakes crime and overcrowding as reasons for their move 46 This northward migration coincided with watershed events such as the 1992 Los Angeles riots and the 1994 Northridge earthquake 49 The surrounding area got increased tourist attention when Silverwood Theme Park which opened in 1988 on an airstrip with an authentic steam train and carnival rides installed the Corkscrew roller coaster in 1990 that it purchased from Knott s Berry Farm 50 51 Additional rides such as the Timber Terror and Tremors roller coasters in the 1990s and the 20 acre 0 081 km2 Boulder Beach water park in 2003 made Silverwood into a regional theme park which attracts visitors primarily from the Spokane Tri Cities and Seattle areas of Washington as well as some from the Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta 50 I 2000s edit In 2014 McEuen Park on the downtown waterfront reopened to the public after undergoing a major 20 million renovation that transformed it from a park with baseball diamonds into a multi use park with a variety of athletic facilities a playground and a dog park 52 The state of Idaho is the fastest growing state in the country According to Census Bureau data in 2018 the city and county were among the fastest growing metropolitan areas in the nation with a net migration of about 3 200 residents from 2015 to 2016 53 The newest transplants are still mainly from other western states and are moving for economic as well as political reasons seeking a lower cost of living more affordable housing an outdoor lifestyle and a place that is more conservative 53 In June 2022 the Coeur d Alene Police Department the Kootenai County Sheriff s Department the Idaho State Police and the FBI foiled a plot by the white nationalist Patriot Front to riot at a pride event in downtown Coeur d Alene 54 31 Patriot Front members hailing from 11 different states made their way to downtown carrying shields body armor and at least one smoke grenade 54 55 The men were arrested by law enforcement a short distance away from the event 54 In March 2024 Coeur d Alene was again at the center of another racial incident During the 2024 NCAA Women s Basketball tournament local residents hurled racial insults at players of the University of Utah Women s Basketball team on multiple occasions 56 Geography editTopography edit nbsp Spokane River drainage basin According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 16 08 square miles 41 65 km2 of which 15 57 square miles 40 33 km2 is land and 0 51 square miles 1 32 km2 is water 57 Coeur d Alene is 30 miles 48 km east of downtown Spokane Washington and 259 miles 415 km east of Seattle 58 The city is part of the Spokane Coeur d Alene combined statistical area and the Inland Northwest region consisting of eastern Washington northern Idaho northwestern Montana and northeastern Oregon 59 The city is located on the north shore of Lake Coeur d Alene near the outlet of the Spokane River and is in the Northern Rockies ecoregion 60 61 Lake Coeur d Alene is a natural dam controlled lake that is 25 miles 40 km long and 1 mile 1 6 km to 3 miles 4 8 km wide and fed by the Coeur d Alene and Saint Joe rivers 62 Although the Post Falls Dam on the Spokane River near Post Falls controls the lake levels the lake is usually kept at natural levels from January to June 63 To the immediate southeast is Fernan Lake and to the northeast of the city is Hayden Lake and even further northeast in northern Kootenai County is Lake Pend Oreille which is among the largest and deepest natural lakes in the western United States with a surface area of 85 960 acres 347 9 km2 and maximum depth of 1 152 feet 351 m 60 64 These lakes like others in the Spokane Valley and Rathdrum Prairie were formed by the Missoula Floods which ended 12 000 to 15 000 years ago 65 The Coeur d Alene Mountains of the Bitterroot Range rise to the east of the city to a maximum elevation of 7 352 feet 2 241 m at Cherry Peak 66 The wooded lands east of the city the Coeur d Alene National Forest have been designated for protection and management by the Idaho Panhandle National Forests These thick forests include groves of ancient western redcedar and host over 300 wildlife species including woodland caribou Canada lynx grizzly bear and wolves 67 68 The large lakes in the Idaho panhandle attract birds on the Pacific Flyway and bird watching is popular on Lake Coeur d Alene especially from November to February when bald eagles come annually to feed on the spawning kokanee 69 70 The Cougar Bay Nature Preserve on the northeast portion of Lake Coeur d Alene is the closest and most accessible nature preserve for wildlife viewing as it is located a few minutes from downtown Coeur d Alene 71 Environmental concerns have come as a result of upstream hardrock mining and smelting operations in the Silver Valley The Coeur d Alene Basin including Lake Coeur d Alene is polluted with heavy metals such as lead and was designated a superfund site in 1983 that spans 1 500 square miles 3 884 98 km2 and 166 miles 267 km of the Coeur d Alene River 72 The majority of the lake bed is covered in a layer of contaminated sediment and local health officials at the Panhandle Health District advise the lake s visitors to wash anything that has come into contact with potentially lead laced soil or dust in the Coeur d Alene River basin 73 Landscape edit nbsp Panorama of Coeur d Alene from the Cougar Bay Nature Preserve with Lake Coeur d Alene in the foreground and Coeur d Alene Mountains in the background Climate edit nbsp Lake effect fog over Coeur d Alene Coeur d Alene has depending on the definition a dry summer continental climate Koppen Dsb or a warm summer Mediterranean climate Csb characterized by a cold moist climate in winter and very warm dry conditions in summer 74 75 The daily mean temperature ranges from 31 2 F 0 4 C in January and December to 70 1 F 21 2 C in July 76 Temperatures exceed 90 F 32 C on 18 3 days per year only occasionally reaching 100 F 38 C and there may be several nights below 10 F 12 C 76 The average first and last freezes of the season are October 17 and April 28 respectively The city straddles the border between USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 6B and 7A 77 The Spokane Coeur d Alene area has many microclimates that can have different weather patterns and observations from the nearby official reporting stations used by the National Weather Service due to the diversity of the topography and other factors For instance northern Idaho experiences more precipitation in rain and snow than eastern Washington from weather systems originating from the Pacific Ocean because it is on the windward side of the Rocky Mountains 78 Average annual rainfall is 25 inches 64 cm and the average annual snowfall is 46 inches 120 cm 79 Northern Idaho weather is influenced by both maritime and continental weather systems Moist air masses from the coast are released as precipitation over the North Central Rockies forests creating the North American inland temperate rainforest and dry air masses from Canada and the Great Plains contribute to dry summer months 80 Coeur d Alene can have noticeably milder nights and cooler days due to the moderating effect on the climate of large bodies of water such as Lake Coeur d Alene 78 Climate data for Coeur d Alene Idaho 1991 2020 normals extremes 1895 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high F C 60 16 62 17 73 23 94 34 98 37 108 42 108 42 109 43 102 39 88 31 71 22 60 16 109 43 Mean maximum F C 49 4 9 7 51 3 10 7 62 7 17 1 74 0 23 3 83 6 28 7 88 5 31 4 96 1 35 6 96 3 35 7 89 1 31 7 74 9 23 8 58 4 14 7 49 2 9 6 97 7 36 5 Mean daily maximum F C 36 2 2 3 40 7 4 8 48 4 9 1 56 2 13 4 65 8 18 8 72 1 22 3 82 8 28 2 83 0 28 3 73 7 23 2 58 4 14 7 44 2 6 8 36 1 2 3 58 1 14 5 Daily mean F C 31 2 0 4 33 6 0 9 39 5 4 2 46 4 8 0 55 1 12 8 61 5 16 4 70 1 21 2 69 5 20 8 61 0 16 1 48 6 9 2 37 9 3 3 31 2 0 4 48 8 9 3 Mean daily minimum F C 26 2 3 2 26 5 3 1 30 7 0 7 36 7 2 6 44 3 6 8 50 9 10 5 57 3 14 1 56 0 13 3 48 3 9 1 38 7 3 7 31 6 0 2 26 3 3 2 39 5 4 2 Mean minimum F C 10 8 11 8 13 5 10 3 19 0 7 2 27 7 2 4 33 3 0 7 42 1 5 6 48 1 8 9 47 0 8 3 37 6 3 1 26 3 3 2 19 7 6 8 12 8 10 7 4 6 15 2 Record low F C 30 34 27 33 13 25 5 15 21 6 28 2 36 2 32 0 17 8 2 17 13 25 26 32 30 34 Average precipitation inches mm 3 21 82 2 11 54 2 68 68 1 91 49 2 14 54 2 17 55 0 73 19 0 77 20 0 81 21 2 02 51 3 34 85 3 47 88 25 36 644 Average snowfall inches cm 10 0 25 4 1 10 2 2 5 6 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 51 2 1 5 3 9 3 24 28 0 71 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 14 4 11 1 12 6 11 3 11 1 9 1 3 8 3 5 6 0 11 1 14 8 13 2 122 0 Average snowy days 0 1 in 4 5 2 3 1 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 4 14 1 Source NOAA 76 81 Cityscape edit Neighborhoods edit See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Kootenai County Idaho nbsp The Clark House built in 1912 by F Lewis Clark south of Hayden Lake As Coeur d Alene has grown from a fort town different neighborhoods and suburbs have grown around it 82 The downtown city center of Coeur d Alene is in the southeast of the urban area as the presence of Hayden Lake and Lake Fernan and the Coeur d Alene mountains inhibit development to the east and Lake Coeur d Alene and the Spokane River limit development to the south and southwest Historic additions from the early 1900s were added close to the city center a few blocks from downtown such as on East Sherman Avenue East Lakeshore Drive near Sanders Beach and near present day City Park 83 Today the city has many neighborhoods the largest being Coeur d Alene city center Post Falls and Hayden The Coeur d Alene city center has several parks and attractions and as a community gathering place it has heavy foot traffic on fair weather summer weekends The largest building in the city the 216 foot 66 m Coeur d Alene Resort Lake Tower is in the city center The downtown area is of increasing interest to higher density multifamily apartment and condominium type developments to cope with the growth in housing demand and due to a lack of space and concerns about urban sprawl 84 85 Investment in residential and retail development has been intensive along the Interstate 90 corridor and has made Post Falls near the Washington state line become Kootenai County s second largest city Due to its central location between Spokane and Coeur d Alene the city is host to a growing list of retail stores and is considered a bedroom community of Spokane The historic Post Falls Dam and surrounding Falls Park on the Spokane River is a local landmark Hayden is the third largest city in the Coeur d Alene metropolitan area and it is known for the eponymous Hayden Lake that was once the historic center of the community The shores of the lake are filled with summer cabins and large mansions The historic Hayden Lake Country Club which lies at the center of the Hayden Lake community was built in 1907 along with a rail connection with the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad that same year which brought in many tourists to the resort and Honeysuckle Beach 86 With the rising use of the automobile the center of town shifted away from the lake and railroad and reoriented toward Government Way 87 Demographics editHistorical population CensusPop Note 1890491 19005083 5 19107 2911 335 2 19206 447 11 6 19308 29728 7 194010 04921 1 195012 19821 4 196014 29117 2 197016 22813 6 198019 91322 7 199024 56323 4 200034 51440 5 201044 13727 9 202054 62823 8 2022 est 56 733 5 3 9 U S Decennial Census 88 2020 Census 4 2020 census edit As of the census of 2020 there were 54 628 people and 22 699 households residing in the city Coeur d Alene and its Metropolitan Statistical Area MSA which consists of Kootenai County have been combined by the Census Bureau into the Spokane Coeur d Alene Combined Statistical Area CSA where it is the third largest polity after Spokane and its largest suburb Spokane Valley 89 The population of the CSA was 745 213 in 2020 90 The principal cities in the CSA are separated by suburbs that largely follow the path of Spokane Valley and Rathdrum Prairie The City of Coeur d Alene has opted not to voluntarily merge with the Spokane MSA and to remain a distinct metropolitan area 91 According to Office of Management and Budget OMB guidelines the two MSAs will automatically be combined by the OMB when the employment interchange exceeds 25 percent in 2011 18 percent of residents commuted between Spokane and Kootenai counties for work 91 2010 census edit As of the census of 2010 there were 44 137 people 18 395 households and 10 813 families residing in the city The population density was 2 834 7 inhabitants per square mile 1 094 5 km2 There were 20 219 housing units at an average density of 1 298 6 per square mile 501 4 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 93 8 White 0 4 African American 1 2 Native American 0 8 Asian 0 1 Pacific Islander 0 9 from other races and 2 8 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4 3 of the population There were 18 395 households of which 29 9 had children under the age of 18 living with them 42 2 were married couples living together 11 6 had a female householder with no husband present 5 0 had a male householder with no wife present and 41 2 were non families 31 4 of all households were made up of individuals and 12 1 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 33 and the average family size was 2 92 The median age in the city was 35 4 years 22 9 of residents were under the age of 18 11 6 were between the ages of 18 and 24 26 7 were from 25 to 44 24 were from 45 to 64 and 14 6 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 48 6 male and 51 4 female Religion edit nbsp St Thomas Catholic Church According to the 2010 Metro Area Membership Report of the Association of Religion Data Archives the denominational affiliations of the Coeur d Alene MSA Kootenai County are 60 657 Evangelical Protestant 3 064 Mainline Protestant 7 597 Catholic 162 Orthodox 8 492 Other and 58 522 Unclaimed 92 Idaho is part of a region called the Unchurched Belt a region in the Northwestern United States that has historically low rates of religious participation The evangelical Christian community has been growing with the overall population and there have been instances of whole congregations moving to the area from out of state 49 The evangelical Christian Real Life Ministries church located in Post Falls was the 13th fastest growing church in the nation in 2007 93 Many new residents are retirees seeking lower cost of living and traffic the number of residents aged 65 years and older doubled from 2001 to 2019 according to the Idaho Department of Labor 94 Crime edit Coeur d AleneCrime rates 2022 Violent crimesHomicide1Rape54Robbery14Aggravated assault108Total violent crime177Property crimesBurglary72Larceny theft478Motor vehicle theft36Arson9Total property crime595Notes Number of reported crimes per 100 000 population 2022 population 56 733Source 2022 FBI UCR Data According to the National Incident Based Reporting System the Coeur d Alene metro area Kootenai County crime rate per 100 000 population was 4 864 in 2018 which was lower than the Idaho state average of 5 032 95 The county has a property crime rate of 12 88 and a violent crime rate of 1 59 per 1 000 people in the 2018 Uniform Crime Reports summary which is lower than the Idaho state average of 14 61 and 2 27 respectively 96 97 According to NeighborhoodScout s methodology the city has a crime index of 24 meaning it is safer than 24 percent of US cities and has a property and violent crime rate slightly above the Idaho state average but still below the national median in both categories 98 Economy edit nbsp Fourth of July Festival in City Park Historically the economy of Coeur d Alene was built and based on mining and logging and the Coeur d Alene Mining District has been one of the world s most productive mining districts 99 However after mining and logging diminished in importance in the 1940s tourism has come to be the main influence in the local economy ever since The city has become a major tourist attraction being at the heart of north Idaho s Lake Country where people partake in water sports and activities such as wake boarding paddleboarding sailing parasailing jet skiing kayaking fishing and other lake recreation 100 In addition to the natural attractions and parks the Coeur d Alene area has two major resorts on the lake the Coeur d Alene Resort and the WorldMark Arrow Point resort directly across the lake in Harrison near the community of Eddyville as well as the Coeur d Alene Casino in Worley and the Northwestern United States largest theme park in the Silverwood Theme Park in Athol 101 102 103 There are three major ski resorts within a short driving distance Silver Mountain Resort in Kellogg Lookout Pass Ski and Recreation Area at Lookout Pass near Mullan and Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort in Sandpoint 104 Tourism and hospitality related jobs employed over 10 000 people in north Idaho in 2010 105 Coeur d Alene is the healthcare educational media manufacturing retail and recreation center for north Idaho Coeur d Alene s retail has expanded greatly in recent years with the opening of new stores and entertainment venues the Silver Lake Mall which is the largest in North Idaho was opened in 1989 106 Coeur d Alene s Village at Riverstone development along Northwest Boulevard houses a park amphitheater 14 theater Regal Cinemas a Hampton Inn condominiums restaurants and local retailers 107 Companies that have their head offices in Coeur d Alene include mining company and owner of the Lucky Friday mine in Mullan Hecla Mining and the U S operations of Canada based restaurant Pita Pit 108 109 A knife manufacturer Buck Knives is the most recognizable brand name in the area where they relocated the head office and factory from San Diego to the Coeur d Alene suburb of Post Falls in 2005 110 Construction company and roller coaster manufacturer Rocky Mountain Construction is based in Hayden 111 In 2017 the Coeur d Alene metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of 5 93 billion 112 The Coeur d Alene metropolitan area has a workforce of 80 000 people and an unemployment rate of 6 8 as of June 2020 the largest sectors for non farm employment are trade transportation and utilities government and education and health services as well as leisure and hospitality 113 The average commute to work is 18 5 minutes 114 Commuting across the state line into Washington is not uncommon A concern for the city is that the rising minimum wage and salary differential between Washington and Idaho will cause local personnel shortages 115 In 2011 the Idaho state median hourly wage was 14 51 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 116 Arts and culture editArts and theater edit The Coeur d Alene area has a growing arts scene The community has a symphony and theater productions from professional and community groups The city has several art galleries almost all displaying art located in the walkable downtown area along Sherman Avenue Coeur d Alene s main street 117 Among the most prominent of these galleries is The Art Spirit Gallery 118 Art can also be seen outside for free 119 Since 1999 the City of Coeur d Alene has had a funding mechanism for public art where 1 33 percent of the total cost of all eligible above ground capital improvement projects is earmarked to fund art in public places 120 In the musical arts the Coeur d Alene Symphony traces its roots to the late 1970s as a class at North Idaho College 121 The symphony performs an annual free concert for the community on Labor Day in Coeur d Alene City Park and also performs during the summer Street artists and musicians frequent Sherman Square performing for pedestrians Theater arts are provided by the professional Coeur d Alene Summer Theatre group and the community theater company Lake City Playhouse 122 The city s primary performing arts venues are the Schuler Performing Arts Center within Boswell Hall at North Idaho College and the Kroc Center 123 124 Museums edit nbsp Gate of Fort Sherman See also List of museums in Idaho The Museum of North Idaho located in downtown Coeur d Alene chronicles the history of the region The museum was established in July 1973 125 and permanent exhibits include Schitsu umsh The People Who Were Discovered Here which explores the lives of the Coeur d Alene people The Mullan Road which commemorates Idaho s first road through the Fourth of July Pass The Scandinavians Settled Here which examines the Nordic influences on Coeur d Alene and Steamboats which displays artifacts and photographs of the steamboats that used to cruise the lake 126 The museum does walking tours of the Fort Sherman grounds and also rents out the Fort Sherman chapel the oldest building in the city as a wedding venue 127 128 Events and activities edit nbsp The Polar Bear Plunge at Sanders Beach 2022 Many of the community events and activities in Coeur d Alene occur during the warm summer months and they often take place by the lake Annual events include the Fourth of July Festival and the Holiday Light Show that begins at the end of November Coeur d Alene has been known for hosting big Fourth of July celebrations since its early days as a fort town The Fourth of July Festival usually includes a parade down Sherman Avenue food and craft vendors carnival rides and live music and entertainment 129 Many watch the fireworks by the waterfront and beach the Coeur d Alene resort offers fireworks cruises that depart from Independence Point In the winter the Holiday Light Show festivities begin at the end of November and the lights are on display until January 1 The event also begins with a parade down Sherman Avenue and ends with a fireworks show the resort s light show features over 1 5 million bulbs and the resort offers Journey to the North Pole cruises 130 131 Another event in the winter months that often gets media attention is the Polar Bear Plunge every year on January 1 at noon where event participants run into the cold waters of Lake Coeur d Alene at Sanders Beach 132 One of the most well attended events in the region combines Art on the Green the Street Fair and Taste of Coeur d Alene which are all held on the first weekend in August on the North Idaho College campus downtown Coeur d Alene and City Park 133 Art on the Green is an outdoor arts and crafts festival Street Fair is a shopping festival and the Taste of Coeur d Alene is a food festival the combined annual attendance is about 60 000 people 134 Other notable events include Brewfest and the North Idaho State Fair 134 Sports edit nbsp Ironman Coeur d Alene 2013 Coeur d Alene has become a destination for golf enthusiasts 135 136 The city is home to five golf courses and there are another eight more within 20 miles 32 km 137 Coeur d Alene Resort Golf Course is considered one of the best resort courses in the United States 138 Its 14th hole features the world s only movable floating green 139 140 There is also the Circling Raven Golf Club at the Coeur d Alene Casino resort 141 as well as several other private courses nearby such the Tom Fazio designed Gozzer Ranch 142 143 Coeur d Alene hosts some sporting events and the event that receives the most attention is most likely the Ironman Coeur d Alene The Ironman Triathlon alternates between full and half distance Ironman events on a rotating basis from year to year 144 The course takes athletes through a 2 4 mile 3 9 km double loop swim in Lake Coeur d Alene before transitioning to a 112 mile 180 km double loop bike course that is routed along the lake and then through the countryside ending in a 26 2 mile 42 2 km multiple loop run through McEuen Park to a finish in downtown on Sherman Ave 145 Other less intense and rigorous athletic events in town include the 15 108 mi 24 174 km Coeur d Fondo bike race 146 and the Coeur d Alene Crossing a 2 4 mile 3 9 km swimming challenge in which participants attempt to cross the lake 147 The Coeur d Alene marathon is held annually at the end of May on the North Idaho Centennial Trail 148 In amateur baseball Coeur d Alene fields a team in the American Legion Baseball league the CDA Lumbermen 149 In high school team sports there is an annual rivalry game between the Coeur d Alene High School Vikings and Lake City High School Timberwolves called the Fight for the Fish 150 The schools are the only two public high schools in the city and both compete in Idaho s Inland Empire League Parks and recreation editThe natural environment is among the chief attractions in the Coeur d Alene area The biggest natural attractions and parks include Tubbs Hill City Park and Beach and McEuen Park all near downtown Tubbs Hill is a 120 acre 49 ha park that is bordered by downtown Coeur d Alene and McEuen Park to the north and the by Lake Coeur d Alene on the south east and west sides 151 The park features a somewhat rugged 2 2 mile 3 5 km interpretive trail that offers views of the lake and the city 152 People often cliff jump into the lake from outcroppings in the park City Park occupies 17 acres 6 9 ha in total along the lake shore near downtown and features 16 acres 6 5 ha of beach with a tree lined promenade beach volleyball courts basketball courts public drinking restroom and shower facilities picnic tables and a large picnic shelter for events and a Fort Sherman themed playground for children 152 153 McEuen Park which reopened in 2014 after a remodel is a 22 5 acre 9 1 ha park just north of Tubbs Hill that has a large playground children s climbing rock splash pad two tennis pickleball courts four basketball courts and an off leash dog park 152 It also features a large pavilion and grassy amphitheater with concessions and restrooms for hosting large events as well as a boat launch and mooring facilities 52 154 Other recreation facilities include the Kroc Center located near Ramsey Park just north of the Village at Riverstone a multi use venue with pool facilities and a fitness and recreation center 155 The North Idaho Centennial Trail passes through the city Government edit nbsp Kootenai County Courthouse The community operates on a mayor council government where the mayor and the six councilors are each elected to four year terms and the mayor leads the city council meetings on the first and third Tuesday of each month at Coeur d Alene City Hall 156 157 The current mayor James Hammond took office on January 4 2022 158 The city is also the county seat of Kootenai County Idaho 159 At the state level The City of Coeur d Alene is within Idaho Legislative District 2 and Idaho Legislative District 4 for the Idaho House of Representatives and Idaho Senate At the federal level north Idaho is within Idaho s 1st congressional district and represented by Russ Fulcher in the United States House of Representatives and the state of Idaho by Mike Crapo and James Risch in the United States Senate 160 161 Coeur d Alene like the state of Idaho as a whole is known for its conservative politics 162 The city and Kootenai County vote reliably conservative and races at the federal and state level are often noncompetitive local county and city partisan races are sometimes even uncontested 163 The changing demographics of the county and region have altered the political landscape of the community and can be viewed as part of a nationwide ideological polarization trend 49 North Idaho had once been made up of largely progressive districts populated by a significant proportion of union laborers who worked the mines in the Silver Valley these districts moderated particularly in the 1980s after mine and mill closures and union busting and they had more competitive elections until the late 20th century 49 163 164 165 Coeur d Alene is among a small group of cities in the United States that has elected a socialist mayor they elected John T Wood a Socialist Party of America member to office in 1911 on a campaign platform of clean water better health and sanitation standards and anti corruption 166 Since the high growth period beginning in the 1990s continuing outmigration of conservatives from the west coast states has made elections in the two party system less competitive over time as the newer residents see the city as a place that represents their social and political values which are sometimes more conservative than the city as a whole 163 165 Many of the new migrants to the state of Idaho came from California which accounted for over half the net in migration between 1992 and 2000 and three of the top four counties that had out migration to Kootenai County were from the birthplace of modern American conservatism in southern California San Diego Los Angeles and Orange 49 Education edit nbsp Coeur d Alene Public Library Library services for the city of Coeur d Alene are provided by two public libraries the Coeur d alene Public Library in downtown and the Lake City Public Library near Lake City High School 167 168 The Community Library Network maintains seven libraries in the wider communities in Kootenai and Shoshone counties including branches in Post Falls Hayden Rathdrum Spirit Lake Athol and Harrison 169 Public library services in the area trace their roots to the Coeur d Alene Women s Club in October 1904 and its operations and funding responsibilities were taken over by the city in May 1909 170 The Coeur d Alene School District serves around 11 000 students in 18 schools including two traditional high schools an alternative high school three middle schools eleven elementary schools and a dropout retrieval school 171 The first high school in the city Coeur d Alene High School had its first building to house the students completed in 1904 172 and a second public high school Lake City High School was opened in 1994 District students who qualify are also eligible for dual enrollment with North Idaho College and the University of Idaho The district also has magnet schools that focus on specific curricula such as the Sorensen Magnet School of the Arts and Humanities and Ramsey Magnet School of Science elementary schools and the Fernan STEM Academy offering a STEM focus 173 171 The district is the sixth largest in the state and second largest employer in Kootenai County 174 Coeur d Alene also has a charter school the Coeur d Alene Charter Academy 175 Private and parochial schools augment the public school system such as the PK 8 grade Roman Catholic Holy Family Catholic School and the PK 8 grade Seventh day Adventist Lake City Academy 176 Private schools that offer a full high school curriculum include the PK 12 grade Classical Christian Academy and the 1 12 grade North Idaho Christian School which are both non denominational ASCI accredited Christian schools located in Hayden 177 178 Postsecondary education is fulfilled by North Idaho College a public community college founded in 1933 as the Coeur d Alene Junior College in downtown Coeur d Alene on the former site of Fort Sherman 179 The college has an enrollment of over 5 000 students and has outreach branches in Kellogg Sandpoint and Bonners Ferry 180 The University of Idaho has a Coeur d Alene presence and has a research park in the area 181 Media editSee also Category Radio stations in Coeur d Alene Idaho and Category Mass media in Spokane Washington Coeur d Alene is part of the Spokane television and radio media market and receives broadcasts in the Pacific Time Zone Coeur d Alene is the city of license for some television and radio stations in the broadcast area such as Idaho Public Television station KCDT 182 In print media Coeur d Alene is also covered by Spokane s major daily newspaper The Spokesman Review but the city has its own daily newspaper the Coeur d Alene Press which covers issues in North Idaho and has an estimated circulation of about 17 300 183 The publication was founded in 1892 by Joseph T Scott and printed its first issue on February 20 of that year 184 The newspaper is among the properties of the Hagadone Corporation 183 Infrastructure editTransportation edit Roads and highways edit nbsp I 90 at exit 12 and US 95 In Coeur d Alene the city roads are oriented in the four cardinal directions with roads going north south being designated as streets and roads going east west as avenues Sherman Avenue divides the streets into north and south and Government Way divides the avenues into east and west Major east west thoroughfares include Sherman Avenue and Harrison Avenue and major north south thoroughfares include U S Route 95 US 95 Government Way 15th Street and Ramsey Street 185 186 Coeur d Alene is accessed from Interstate 90 I 90 at exits 11 through 15 187 Not too far to the east on I 90 is the Fourth of July Pass and further east near the Montana border is Lookout Pass that traverse the Rocky Mountains near Mullan Idaho 188 The route of the Interstate east of Coeur d Alene closely mirrors that of the old Mullan Road although I 90 crosses the Fourth of July Pass two miles 3 2 km south of John Mullan s passage which was carved out using pickaxes and shovels on July 4 1861 and is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and marked by a monument 16 189 Before the construction of I 90 the city was served by US 10 which ran through downtown this route is now Northwest Boulevard and Sherman Avenue The former US 10 between I 90 exits 11 and 15 is now designated as I 90 Business I 90 was completed on October 14 1960 and dedicated by Governor Robert E Smylie 10 days later as the state s first major Interstate Highway project to be completed 190 Major state highways in the area include State Highway 41 SH 41 and US 95 SH 41 has its southern terminus in Post Falls and is routed from I 90 northward to the Newport Washington area where it is in the vicinity of US 2 and US 95 runs north to south across the whole of western Idaho connecting the city with Sandpoint to the north and Moscow Lewiston and eventually Boise to the south 187 Originally an exclusively in state highway when it was proposed by the United States Numbered Highway System in 1925 spanning from the Canadian border to Payette it is significant for connecting the long disconnected northern panhandle to the rest of the state prior to the construction of US 95 one would have to travel through Washington and Oregon for passage to avoid the mountainous topography 191 The portion of its route that it shares with US 2 is a National Scenic Byway and part of the International Selkirk Loop 187 In Coeur d Alene US 95 runs north to south crossing the Spokane River and serving as an arterial street for the suburbs to the north 185 The greater Coeur d Alene area is almost entirely dependent upon private automobiles for transportation the city has a Walk Score of 36 indicating most errands require a car 192 Combined with the city s rapid growth since 1990 relative congestion now occurs on a significant portion of the area highways notably U S 95 between Northwest Blvd north to Hayden 193 The average commute to work is 18 5 minutes 114 Public transportation edit nbsp Citylink Riverstone Transit Center Public transportation played a significant role in Coeur d Alene s early growth as a tourist destination When an interurban electric railroad line was completed in 1903 from Spokane to the city Inland Northwest residents often flocked to Lake Coeur d Alene to enjoy being on the lake and going on steamboat cruises and other activities 194 The interurban electric line would later become the Spokane and Inland Empire Railroad The steamboats on Lake Coeur d Alene were not only used to transport goods such as ore and timber but also people More steamboats operated on Lake Coeur d Alene than on any other lake west of the Great Lakes and there were intense rivalries between the steamboat lines 195 The electric railroad and steam navigation on Lake Coeur d Alene lasted until the late 1930s 196 c Free public bus service is available to area residents provided by Citylink 198 Citylink buses operate in the urbanized area of Kootenai County leaving the Riverstone Transfer Station main hub every hour seven days a week including holidays Buses are wheelchair accessible and can transport up to two bicycles 199 The bus system has four separate routes 198 200 Urban Route B which serves Post Falls Hayden and West Coeur d Alene Urban Route C which serves Downtown Coeur d Alene Fernan and Hayden Rural Route which serves the towns of Worley Plummer Tensed and De Smet and the Link Route which connects the two transfer stations at Riverstone and Worley Extension of Spokane Transit Authority service into Idaho mainly an hourly express bus to and from Coeur d Alene originally proposed as part of the 2015 STA Moving Forward ballot measure is expected to commence in 2025 201 202 Intercity bus service to the city is provided by Jefferson Lines 203 Passenger rail edit Coeur d Alene does not have a passenger railroad station The closest Amtrak stations are Spokane and Sandpoint both of which are served by Amtrak s Empire Builder 204 Airports edit The closest major airport serving Coeur d Alene and North Idaho is Spokane International Airport which is served by six airlines and is 40 miles 64 km to the west in Spokane Washington 205 The Coeur d Alene Airport Pappy Boyington Field KCOE serves as a general aviation airport in Hayden north of the city near U S 95 206 The airport was built by the U S Army Air Corps in 1942 as a fighter and light bomber training base 207 The Coeur d Alene Airport was designated as an alternate airport to Weeks Field now the site of the Kootenai County Fairgrounds in the event of an Axis invasion the Weeks Field airport was also used to train pilots during World War II 208 It is named in honor of World War II flying ace and North Idaho native Gregory Pappy Boyington 209 Near the marina on Lake Coeur d Alene is the Brooks Seaplane Base S76 which is a city owned public use seaplane base for general aviation It is used mostly for air taxi purposes to conduct tours of Lake Coeur d Alene and Lake Pend Oreille 210 Utilities edit The city of Coeur d Alene provides billing services for municipal water sewer and stormwater management street lighting garbage collection and recycling Kootenai Electric Cooperative provides power and Avista Utilities provides both power and natural gas services in the area 211 212 The city draws its water supply from the Spokane Valley Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer Telecom services such as television internet and telephone service are provided by vendors including Frontier Communications Spectrum Time Warner and TDS Telecom 211 The Post Falls hydroelectric dam on the Spokane River was built in 1906 and has a generation capacity of 14 75 megawatts 213 Healthcare edit nbsp Kootenai Health Kootenai Health is the primary medical center serving the Coeur d Alene and North Idaho communities The 329 bed community hospital is a Level III trauma center 214 215 and is the largest employer in Kootenai County 216 Coeur d Alene also has a Veterans Affairs Community Based Outpatient Clinic CBOC the North Idaho CBOC which has the Mann Grandstaff VA Medical Center in Spokane as a parent facility 217 Public health programs and services for Idaho s five northernmost counties are administered by the Panhandle Health District one of seven health districts in the state with a local office in Hayden 218 Police edit The Coeur d Alene Police Department was established in 1887 shortly after Coeur d Alene was incorporated as a town one of the first official acts the Board of Trustees took was to appoint a Town Marshal 20 The police department has 103 police officers as of September 2020 219 In addition to the officers on staff the department has a program called Officers Without Legal Standing OWLS which consists of retired law enforcement officers of various backgrounds from California who render assistance and aid as unpaid volunteers 220 221 Coeur d Alene and North Idaho have been favored retirement destinations for former California law enforcement for decades the trend being reported on as early as 1986 by the Los Angeles Times 222 223 220 By the end of the 1990s the number of retired California police officers in North Idaho numbered over 500 former LAPD detective Mark Fuhrman is among its residents 49 Sister cities editCoeur d Alene has one sister city which is the Canadian city of Cranbrook British Columbia 224 See also edit nbsp Idaho portal nbsp Pacific Northwest portal nbsp United States portalNotes edit Lewis and Clark noted the likely first contact between the Coeur d Alene people and European Americans in a trade encounter at a Nez Perce camp on their expedition in 1805 along with trade goods the trappers unwittingly brought diseases that decimated the native population by about 80 percent 9 The U S government decided to close Fort Sherman and build Fort George Wright in Spokane in part due to the persistent flooding of the banks on Lake Coeur d Alene 30 The popularity and convenience of the automobile and better road infrastructure led to the decline in other modes of transportation 197 Some steamboats were deliberately set ablaze for Fourth of July celebrations in the late 1930s 196 References edit Oliveria Dave F May 24 2011 Walla Walla Slogan Among Worst The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 8 2020 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved July 24 2022 a b U S Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System Coeur d Alene Idaho a b c Explore Census Data United States Census Bureau Retrieved January 15 2024 a b City and Town Population Totals 2020 2022 United States Census Bureau January 15 2024 Retrieved January 15 2024 Coeur d Alene The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language 5th ed HarperCollins Retrieved May 16 2019 Coeur d Alene Lexico US English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on August 29 2022 Coeur d Alene Merriam Webster com Dictionary Retrieved May 16 2019 a b c d e f g Dahlgren et al 2009 p 2 a b c d e f Frey Rodney Coeur d Alene Schitsu umsh American Indians of the Pacific Northwest collection University of Washington Libraries University of Washington Retrieved July 17 2013 a b c d Singletary 2019 p VII Walker 1999 p 60 a b c Dahlgren et al 2009 p 3 Frey 2001 pp 79 81 Dahlgren et al 2009 p 17 a b Johnson Randall A November 5 2009 The Mullan Road A Real Northwest Passage People s History collection The Pacific Northwesterner Vol 39 No 2 1995 HistoryLink Retrieved November 23 2021 a b c d Singletary 2019 p 1 Singletary 2019 p 11 Singletary 2019 p 13 a b Singletary 2019 p 14 Langdon 1908 p 12 a b c d Clark Earl August 1971 Shoot Out In Burke Canyon American Heritage 22 5 Retrieved October 14 2020 Langdon 1908 p 13 Lukas 1997 p 111 Langdon 1908 p 16 Schwantes 1996 p 320 Carlson 1983 pp 53 54 Carlson 1983 pp 91 92 p 119 a b c d Singletary 2019 p 27 Singletary 2019 p 21 Singletary 2019 pp 35 38 Singletary 2019 p 49 Singletary 2019 p 79 p 93 Singletary 2019 p 93 Singletary 2019 pp 99 104 Singletary 2019 p 99 Singletary 2019 p 113 Singletary 2019 p 27 pp 31 32 Singletary 2019 pp 137 138 Singletary 2019 p 141 a b Singletary 2019 p 147 Singletary 2019 p 173 a b Singletary 2019 p 176 Egan Timothy September 21 1986 NATIONAL NOTEBOOK Coeur d Alene Idaho Wilderness Luxury The New York Times Retrieved August 8 2020 a b c d Struck Doug August 31 2017 The Idaho town that stared down hate and won The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved August 8 2020 a b Glionna John M August 8 1994 Welcome to the Potato State Now Go Home Idaho Californians fleeing big city problems have been met with resentment by their new neighbors Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 8 2020 Verhovek Sam Howe September 9 2000 PUBLIC LIVES In a Verdict a Sign That His Town Is No Haven for Hate The New York Times Retrieved September 19 2020 Singletary 2019 p 194 a b c d e f Crane Murdoch Sierra May 20 2013 How right wing emigrants conquered North Idaho High Country News 8 45 Retrieved August 8 2020 a b Erickson Keith May 10 2018 On a roll at Silverwood Spokane Journal of Business Retrieved January 9 2021 Dubin Zan September 17 1989 Venerable Corkscrew End of a Long Ride Before Knott s Historic Roller Coaster Is Carted Off to Idaho Park Many Pause to Attest to Its Thrills Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 9 2021 a b Maben Scott April 26 2014 Contentious makeover of McEuen Park in CdA set for partial opening The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 9 2020 a b Criscione Wilson January 11 2018 In North Idaho leaders brace for rapid population growth Inlander Retrieved August 8 2020 a b c Yousef Odette June 12 2022 31 members of the white nationalist Patriot Front arrested near an Idaho Pride event NPR Retrieved August 22 2023 Freiman Jordan June 11 2022 31 Patriot Front members arrested near pride event in Idaho CBS News Retrieved August 23 2023 Utah shaken after experiencing racism near hotel ESPN com March 26 2024 Retrieved March 26 2024 US Gazetteer files 2010 United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on July 2 2012 Retrieved December 18 2012 How Far is it Between Free Map Tools Retrieved July 29 2020 Inland Empire Merriam Webster Dictionary Retrieved July 29 2020 a b TopoView The National Map GeoPDF Topographic map 1 24 000 7 5 Minute Series Reston VA United States Geological Survey Retrieved October 9 2020 Draft Level III and IV Ecoregions of the Northwestern United States U S Environmental Protection Agency May 15 2002 Retrieved July 29 2020 Schultz Jule August 14 2018 Coeur d Alene Lake The Good The Bad and The Ugly Spokane Riverkeeper Retrieved August 12 2020 Is Coeur d Alene Lake a Reservoir or Lake Avista Corporation Retrieved August 12 2020 Lake Pend Oreille Idaho Idaho Washington Aquifer Collaborative Retrieved October 9 2020 Breckenridge Roy M May 1993 Glacial Lake Missoula and the Spokane Floods PDF Report GeoNotes Vol 26 Idaho Geological Survey Archived from the original PDF on April 26 2012 Retrieved November 29 2011 Cour d Alene Mountains Peakbagger com Retrieved August 8 2020 Our Forests Idaho Panhandle National Forest National Forest Foundation Retrieved November 20 2021 Wildlife of the Idaho Panhandle National Forests United States Forest Service Retrieved November 20 2021 Lake Coeur d Alene Eagle Watch Bureau of Land Management Retrieved August 8 2020 Hardy Madison July 12 2020 Wildlife lovers enjoy osprey cruise on Lake Coeur d Alene Coeur d Alene Press Retrieved September 19 2020 Cougar Bay Preserve The Nature Conservancy Retrieved September 19 2020 Superfund Site Bunker Hill Mining amp Metallurgical Complex U S Environmental Protection Agency Retrieved October 29 2020 Benson Emily June 24 2019 A dangerous cocktail threatens the gem of North Idaho High Country News 11 51 Retrieved October 29 2020 Beck Hylke E Zimmermann Niklaus E McVicar Tim R Vergopolan Noemi Berg Alexis Wood Eric F October 30 2018 Present and future Koppen Geiger climate classification maps at 1 km resolution Scientific Data 5 180214 Bibcode 2018NatSD 580214B doi 10 1038 sdata 2018 214 ISSN 2052 4463 PMC 6207062 PMID 30375988 Coeur d Alene Climate Climate Data org Retrieved August 8 2020 a b c U S Climate Normals Quick Access Station Coeur d Alene ID National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved March 8 2023 Coeur d Alene Idaho Hardiness Zone Map PlantMaps Retrieved August 8 2020 a b Mann Randy December 20 2012 Microclimates cause wide differences throughout region The Spokesman Review Retrieved September 30 2020 Coeur d Alene Western Regional Climate Center Retrieved November 20 2021 Woodward Susan L 2012 2015 Inland Rainforests of the Northwest Radford University Retrieved May 4 2021 xmACIS2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved August 9 2023 Coeur d Alene ID NeighborhoodScout Retrieved September 19 2020 Singletary 2019 pp 50 51 Coeur d Alene Emporis Archived from the original on May 11 2015 Retrieved September 19 2020 Criscione Wilson January 23 2020 As Kootenai County grows can it preserve what makes it attractive in the first place Inlander Retrieved September 19 2020 Dahlgren et al 2009 pp 122 123 Dahlgren et al 2009 p 116 United States Census Bureau Census of Population and Housing Retrieved February 15 2014 Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Totals 2010 2020 2020 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Population Division June 23 2021 Retrieved June 23 2021 Census Reporter Spokane Spokane Valley Coeur d Alene WA ID CSA United States Census Bureau Retrieved June 9 2019 a b McLean Mike December 19 2013 Spokane metropolitan statistical area breaks into top 100 nationwide Spokane Journal of Business Retrieved September 19 2020 Kootenai County Idaho Metro Area Membership Report The Association of Religion Data Archives Pennsylvania State University 2010 Retrieved July 28 2020 101 Fastest Growing U S Churches 13 PDF 2007 Outreach Magazine Report October 8 2007 Archived from the original PDF on September 20 2008 Retrieved March 10 2008 Nellis Natasha April 9 2020 North Idaho looks to accommodate influx of retirees Spokane Journal of Business Retrieved August 8 2020 Crime Comparison NIBRS Kootenai County ID November 15 2019 Retrieved September 19 2020 Property Crime Comparison UCR SRS Data Kootenai County ID November 14 2019 Retrieved September 19 2020 Violent Crime Comparison UCR SRS Data Kootenai County ID November 14 2019 Retrieved September 19 2020 Crime Rates Coeur d Alene ID Crime Analytics NeighborhoodScout Retrieved September 19 2020 Higgs Robert June 2 2004 Coasian Contracts in the Coeur d Alene Mining District Working Paper 52 Independent Institute Archived from the original on June 15 2010 Retrieved March 6 2009 Peterson Lucas September 13 2017 An Outdoor Wonderland Around the Washington Idaho Border The New York Times Retrieved September 19 2020 Kramer Becky May 3 2006 Resort a gamble that s still paying off The Spokesman Review Retrieved July 24 2020 WorldMark Arrow Point 6366 RCI LLC Retrieved July 24 2020 Podplesky Azaria May 2 2018 Silverwood celebrates 30th anniversary with new additions 19 88 tickets The Spokesman Review Retrieved July 24 2020 Whitley Amy December 6 2016 Idaho Panhandle Three Days Three Ski Resorts OutdoorsNW Retrieved January 2 2021 Idaho Economic Outlook Coeur d Alene Tourism Boosts all of Idaho Idaho Politics Weekly July 19 2015 Retrieved July 24 2020 Singletary 2019 p 180 Riverstone City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 9 2020 Hecla Mining Company Reuters Retrieved July 24 2020 The Pita Pit Dun amp Bradstreet Retrieved July 24 2020 Cole David April 23 2009 Buck Knives brings work back to U S Spokane Journal of Business Retrieved July 24 2020 Rocky Mountain Construction Group Inc Dun amp Bradstreet Retrieved January 2 2021 GDP amp Personal Income United States Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis Archived from the original on August 14 2018 Retrieved January 21 2019 Economy at a Glance Bureau of Labor Statistics Retrieved September 19 2020 a b QuickFacts United States Census Bureau Retrieved September 19 2020 Fisher Sharon June 27 2019 Like the rest of Idaho Coeur d Alene struggles with growth Idaho Business Review Retrieved September 19 2020 Saunders Emilie Ritter January 2 2013 As Idaho s Neighboring States Increase Minimum Wage More Workers Could Seek Jobs Out Of State StateImpact Idaho NPR Retrieved October 25 2020 Art Galleries Coeur d Alene Convention amp Visitor Bureau Inc Retrieved October 23 2020 Scott Chey November 28 2018 Artistic Destiny Coeur d Alene s Art Spirit Gallery s director navigates a changing arts landscape Inlander Retrieved September 19 2020 Arts Commission City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved October 23 2020 Arts Commission Frequently Asked Questions City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved October 23 2020 Scozzaro Carrie September 19 2019 New faces and community outreach help raise the profile of the 40 year old Coeur d Alene Symphony Inlander Retrieved October 23 2020 Theatre Coeur d Alene Convention amp Visitor Bureau Inc Retrieved October 23 2020 Schuler Performing Arts Center Inlander Retrieved October 23 2020 Kroc Center Inlander Retrieved November 8 2020 Singletary 2019 p 153 Permanent Exhibits Museum of North Idaho Retrieved August 9 2020 Museum of North Idaho Smithsonian Retrieved August 9 2020 Fort Sherman Chapel Museum of North Idaho Retrieved August 9 2020 Podplesky Azaria June 28 2019 Bursting with fun Fourth of July celebrations across the Inland Northwest The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 8 2020 Orcutt April November 22 2019 Where to see the best holiday lights in the West Los Angeles Times Retrieved August 9 2020 Heading to the Coeur d Alene Holiday Light Show Better dress in layers KHQ November 29 2019 Retrieved August 9 2020 Glover Jonathan January 2 2019 Hundreds ring in New Year with icy dip in Lake Coeur d Alene for Polar Bear Plunge The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 9 2020 Art on the Green 2019 The Spokesman Review August 2 2019 Retrieved September 28 2020 a b Northrup Craig July 3 2020 Downtown Association cancels Street Fair Coeur d Alene Press Retrieved September 19 2020 Gavrich Tim July 8 2019 Trip dispatch Contrasting courses coax golfers to Coeur d Alene Golf Advisor Retrieved August 9 2020 Coeur d Alene Golf Guide GolfTrips com Retrieved August 9 2020 Coeur D Alene Idaho Golf Courses GolfLink Retrieved August 9 2020 Readers Choice Rankings The Top 50 Resort Courses Golf Digest September 17 2009 Retrieved August 9 2020 Flemma Jay May 23 2018 The Floating Green at Coeur D Alene Still a Wonder of the Golf World The Golf Course Trades Retrieved August 9 2020 Olito Frank October 22 2019 The most famous hotel in every state Insider Inc Retrieved September 19 2020 Shepherd Dan August 25 2009 Golf Digest Magazine Ranks Circling Raven No 17 Nationwide Among its America s 100 Greatest Public Courses Re Ranked by Price The Golf Wire Retrieved August 8 2020 Gozzer Ranch Golf amp Lake Club Golf Digest January 3 2019 Retrieved August 8 2020 Gozzer Ranch Golf amp Lake Club Top100GolfCourses Retrieved August 8 2020 Collingwood Ryan November 21 2019 Full Ironman race announces return to Coeur d Alene in 2021 The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 9 2020 Gary November 22 2019 Return of full distance IRONMAN to Coeur d Alene in 2021 EnduranceBusiness com Retrieved August 9 2020 Landers Rich July 11 2017 2017 Northwest Bicycling Events Calendar The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 9 2020 Hales Susan July 15 2017 The Coeur d Alene Crossing August 13 Out There Monthly Retrieved August 9 2020 Hill Kip August 20 2020 Not breaking stride CdA Windermere marathons to take place with distancing measures The Spokesman Review Retrieved September 19 2020 CDA Lumbermen AA 2021 Baseball Team The American Legion Retrieved June 13 2021 Nichols Dave January 10 2020 Fight for the Fish Lake City sweeps Coeur d Alene in North Idaho rivalry games The Spokesman Review Retrieved September 27 2020 Tubbs Hill City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 9 2020 a b c Lane Brad February 1 2019 12 Top Rated Attractions amp Things to Do in Coeur d Alene ID PlanetWare Retrieved September 19 2020 Coeur d Alene City Park City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 9 2020 McEuen Park City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 9 2020 Haugen Dick May 8 2009 Kroc Center opening in Coeur d Alene The Spokesman Review Retrieved November 8 2020 City Council City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 8 2020 Council Members City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 8 2020 Mayor Jim Hammond City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved April 23 2022 Find a County National Association of Counties Retrieved October 12 2020 Find Your Representative U S House of Representatives Retrieved August 8 2020 Senators of the 116th Congress senate gov Retrieved August 8 2020 Blanchard Nicole July 26 2018 These are the 20 most liberal places in Idaho Idaho Statesman Retrieved August 12 2020 a b c State of the Re Union Coeur d Alene and Ideology Migration Spokane Public Radio October 3 2014 Retrieved August 8 2020 Siegler Kirk February 14 2017 Leaving Urban Areas For The Political Homogeneity Of Rural Towns Morning Edition NPR Retrieved August 14 2020 a b Petersen Anne Helen October 22 2017 Here s What Happens When Republicans Have No One To Fight BuzzFeed News Retrieved August 14 2020 Singletary 2019 p 63 Library Hours amp Location Coeur d Alene Public Library Retrieved August 9 2020 Library Hours amp Location Lake City Public Library Retrieved August 9 2020 Facilities Community Library Network Retrieved August 9 2020 Singletary 2019 p 56 a b Coeur d Alene Public Schools Coeur d Alene School District Retrieved August 9 2020 Singletary 2019 p 45 Coeur d Alene Area Education Resources amp Links North Idaho Family Group Retrieved November 9 2020 District Snapshot Coeur d Alene School District Retrieved August 9 2020 Coeur d Alene Charter Academy Idaho Public Charter School Commission Retrieved September 19 2020 Largest Private Schools in Coeur d Alene Niche Retrieved January 5 2021 Classical Christian Academy Niche Retrieved January 17 2021 North Idaho Christian School Niche Retrieved January 17 2021 Singletary 2019 pp 101 103 About NIC North Idaho College Retrieved August 9 2020 U of I Locations Coeur d Alene University of Idaho Retrieved August 9 2020 TV Station Profile KCDT Federal Communications Commission Retrieved August 9 2020 a b Coeur d Alene Press Mondo Times Retrieved August 9 2020 Singletary 2019 p 19 p 121 a b City of Coeur d Alene CDA Map Map City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 9 2020 City of Coeur d Alene City Street Map PDF Map City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 9 2020 dead link a b c Idaho Transportation Department Idaho Official State Highway Map PDF Map 1 248 000 Boise Idaho Transportation Department Retrieved August 9 2020 via Idaho Department of Commerce Tourism Development Mountain Passes on I 90 Idaho Transportation Department Retrieved August 9 2020 Mccroskeyjeri Mccroskey Jeri June 4 2005 John Mullan created road with future travelers in mind The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 30 2021 Singletary 2019 p 137 Weingroff Richard June 27 2017 Highway History US 95 and Idaho s North and South Highway Federal Highway Administration Retrieved September 19 2020 Living in Coeur d Alene Walk Score Retrieved August 9 2020 Traffic Counts City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved August 9 2020 Singletary 2019 pp 31 32 Holt 1951 pp 141 155 a b Singletary 2019 p 96 Dahlgren et al 2009 p 210 a b Lind Treva March 19 2017 The Dirt Work to start on Citylink bus hub in Kootenai County The Spokesman Review Retrieved August 9 2020 Citylink Citylink Retrieved August 9 2020 Citylink Routes Citylink Retrieved August 9 2020 STA Moving Forward Post Falls and Coeur d Alene High Performance Transit Spokane Transit Authority Retrieved April 21 2020 Kelety Josh March 5 2020 With ridership declining we hop on the bus with one big question in mind Where is the STA headed Inlander Retrieved August 13 2020 Idaho Bus Stops Retrieved July 20 2023 Empire Builder Amtrak Retrieved March 10 2024 About Spokane International Airport Spokane International Airport Retrieved August 7 2020 Coeur d Alene Airport Pappy Boyington Field AirNav Retrieved November 8 2020 Coeur d Alene Airport Pappy Boyington Field Flying high in Lake City Business View Magazine July 10 2019 Retrieved November 9 2020 Singletary 2019 p 117 Curless Erica August 8 2007 CdA airport renamed for Pappy The Spokesman Review Spokane Washington p B3 Brooks Seaplane Base AirNav Retrieved August 9 2020 a b Business Advantages Coeur d Alene Area Economic Development Corporation Retrieved August 9 2020 Infrastructure Resource Guide 2016 PDF Idaho Department of Commerce Retrieved June 13 2021 Drake Michele M November 1 2008 Post Falls Powering Northern Idaho for More than a Century Hydro Review 27 7 Retrieved August 12 2020 Identification and Characteristics Kootenai Health American Hospital Directory August 27 2020 Retrieved September 19 2020 Trauma Centers American College of Surgeons Retrieved August 8 2020 Hatch Addy November 8 2002 Health care is bigger in Kootenai s economy Spokane Journal of Business Retrieved September 19 2020 Locations North Idaho CBOC United States Department of Veterans Affairs Retrieved September 19 2020 Public Health Districts Idaho Department of Health and Welfare Retrieved November 10 2020 Police Department City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved September 19 2020 a b Brodwater Taryn February 5 2006 New life for old cops The Spokesman Review Retrieved September 19 2020 OWLS Volunteers City of Coeur d Alene Retrieved September 19 2020 Freed David December 14 1986 Trouble in Paradise White Supremacists in Idaho Mar LAPD Retirees Tranquillity Los Angeles Times Retrieved September 19 2020 Keating Kevin January 27 1995 Many Ex California Cops Retire To Idaho The Spokesman Review Retrieved September 19 2020 Sister Cities amp States Idaho gov Retrieved August 9 2020 Bibliography edit Carlson Peter 1983 Roughneck The Life and Times of Big Bill Haywood New York NY London W W Norton ISBN 978 0393016215 OCLC 494048851 Dahlgren Dorothy Carbonneau Kincaid Simone 2009 In All the West No Place Like This A Pictorial History of the Coeur d Alene Region Coeur d Alene ID Museum of North Idaho ISBN 978 0972335645 OCLC 466927090 Frey Rodney 2001 Landscape Traveled by Coyote and Crane The World of the Schitsu umsh Coeur d Alene Indians Seattle WA University of Washington Press ISBN 9780295801629 OCLC 939750429 Holt Ruby El 1951 Shadowy St Joe Steamboats in the Timber 1st ed Caldwell ID Caxton Printers Ltd LCCN 52 5206 Langdon Emma F 1908 Labor s Greatest Conflicts Denver CO Press of the Great Western Pub Co OCLC 5805806 Lukas J Anthony 1997 Big Trouble A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off a Struggle for the Soul of America New York NY Simon amp Schuster ISBN 978 0684808581 OCLC 892926016 Schwantes Carlos A 1996 The Pacific Northwest An Interpretive History Revised ed Lincoln NE University of Nebraska Press ISBN 978 0803292284 Singletary Robert 2019 Coeur d Alene Beautiful amp Progressive An Illustrated History of Coeur d Alene Idaho 1878 1990 Coeur d Alene ID Museum of North Idaho ISBN 9780982522097 OCLC 1191834896 Walker Dale L 1999 Bear Flag Rising The Conquest of California 1846 New York NY Macmillan p 60 ISBN 0312866852 Further reading editHenderson John M Shiach William S Averill Harry B 1903 An Illustrated History of North Idaho Embracing Nez Perces Idaho Latah Kootenai and Shoshone Counties State of Idaho DJVU California Digital Library collections University of California Libraries Spokane WA Western Historical Publishing Company ASIN B009N4P7RU OCLC 7975082 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coeur d Alene Idaho nbsp Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Cœur d Alene nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Coeur d Alene Official website Coeur d Alene Idaho C SPAN Cities Tour December 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coeur d 27Alene Idaho amp oldid 1220418465, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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