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San Diego County, California

May 17, 2023

San Diego County (/ˌsæn diˈeɪɡoʊ/ (listen)), officially the County of San Diego (Spanish: Condado de San Diego), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634,[7] making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego,[8] the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States.

San Diego County
County
County of San Diego
Flag
Seal
Interactive map of San Diego County
Location in the state of California
Coordinates: 33°01′N 116°46′W / 33.02°N 116.77°W / 33.02; -116.77Coordinates: 33°01′N 116°46′W / 33.02°N 116.77°W / 33.02; -116.77
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
FormedFebruary 18, 1850[1]
Named forSan Diego de Alcalá
County seatSan Diego
Largest citySan Diego
Government
 • TypeCouncil–CEO
 • BodyBoard of Supervisors
 • ChairNora Vargas (D)
 • Vice ChairTerra Lawson-Remer (D)
 • Board of Supervisors[3]
Supervisors
  • Nora Vargas (D)
  • Joel Anderson (R)
  • Terra Lawson-Remmer (D)
  • Nathan Fletcher (D)
  • Jim Desmond (R)
 • Chief Administrative OfficerHelen Robbins-Meyer[2]
 • District AttorneySummer Stephan
Area
[4]
 • Total4,260.9 sq mi (11,036 km2)
 • Land3,942 sq mi (10,210 km2)
 • Water319 sq mi (830 km2)
Highest elevation
[5]
6,536 ft (1,992 m)
Population
 (April 1, 2020)
 • Total3,298,634
 • Density837/sq mi (323/km2)
Time zoneUTC–8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • Summer (DST)UTC–7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area codes442/760, 619/858, and 949
FIPS code06-073
GDP$225 billion[6]
GDP per capita$68,457
Websitewww.sandiegocounty.gov

San Diego County comprises the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area,[9] which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012.[10][11] San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.

San Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter.[12] These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.

There are 16 military installations, of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, Naval Air Station North Island, and Coast Guard Air Station San Diego.

From north to south, San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico-U.S. border and the Baja California municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate. From west to east, San Diego County stretches from the Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County, which separated from it in 1907. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained San Diego County's water security.[13]

History

Main article: History of San Diego

The area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 12,000 years by Kumeyaay (also called Diegueno and Ipai/Tipai), Payómkawichum (Luiseño), Kuupangaxwichem (Cupeño), ʔívil̃uqaletem (Cahuilla), and the Acjachemen (Juaneño) Indians and their local predecessors.[14]

In 1542, the explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, who may have been born in Portugal but sailed under the flag of Castile, claimed San Diego Bay for the Spanish Empire, and he named the site San Miguel.[15] In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego.[16] European settlement in what is now San Diego County began with the founding of the San Diego Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá by Spanish soldiers and clerics in 1769.[17] This county was part of Alta California under the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the Mexican declaration of independence. From 1821 through 1848 this area was part of Mexico.

San Diego County became part of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ending the Mexican–American War. This treaty designated the new border as terminating at a point on the Pacific Ocean coast which would result in the border passing one Spanish league south of the southernmost portion of San Diego Bay, thus ensuring that the United States received all of this natural harbor.

San Diego County was one of the original counties of California, created at the time of California statehood in 1850.[18]: 221 

At the time of its establishment in 1850, San Diego County was relatively large, and included all of southernmost California south and east of Los Angeles County. It included areas of what are now Inyo and San Bernardino Counties, as well as all of what are now Riverside and Imperial Counties.[18]: 221 

During the later part of the 19th century, there were numerous changes in the boundaries of San Diego County, when various areas were separated to make up the counties mentioned above. The most recent changes were the establishments of Riverside County in 1893[18]: 207  and Imperial County in 1907.[18]: 113  Imperial County was also the last county to be established in California, and after this division, San Diego no longer extended from the Pacific Ocean to the Colorado River, and it no longer covered the entire border between California and Mexico.

Geography

 
Many of the cities seen from the sky as part of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 4,526 square miles (11,720 km2), of which 4,207 square miles (10,900 km2) is land and 319 square miles (830 km2) (7.0%) is water.[19] The county is larger in area than the combined states of Rhode Island and Delaware.[20]

San Diego County has a varied topography. On its western side is more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline.[21] Most of San Diego between the coast and the Laguna Mountains consists of hills, mesas, and small canyons. Snow-capped (in winter) mountains rise to the east, with the Sonoran Desert farther to the east. Cleveland National Forest is spread across the central portion of the county, while the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park occupies most of the northeast.

Although the county's western third is primarily urban, the mountains and deserts in the eastern two-thirds are primarily undeveloped backcountry. Most of these backcountry areas are home to a native plant community known as chaparral. San Diego County contains more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) of chaparral, twice as much as any other California county.[22]

Periodically the area has been subject to wildfires that force thousands to evacuate. The most recent are the December 2017 Lilac Fire and the May 2014 San Diego County wildfires; before them was the Witch Creek Fire in 2007 and the Cedar Fire in 2003. California defines a fire season in which fires are most likely to occur, usually between late July and late October (which are the driest months of the area). Signs posted in numerous spots of the county provide information on the level of threats from fires based on weather conditions.[citation needed]

Regions

Northern San Diego County is known as North County; the eastern suburbs are collectively known as East County; the rural areas located further east and extending to the Imperial County line are known as the Mountain Empire; and the southern suburbs, extending to the Mexican border, are collectively known as the South Bay or South County, including South San Diego, an exclave of the city of San Diego which has no land connection to the rest of the city.

Climate

Main article: Climate of San Diego, California

Under the Köppen climate classification system, the urban and suburban San Diego area straddles areas of Mediterranean climate (CSa) to the north and semi-arid climate (BSh) to the south and east.[23] As a result, it is often described as "arid Mediterranean" and "semi-arid steppe." Farther east, arid desert conditions prevail. Western San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between November and March. The city has mild, mostly dry weather, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches (23–33 cm) annually). Summer temperatures are generally warm, with average highs of 70–78 °F (21–26 °C) and lows of 55–66 °F (13–19 °C). Temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) only four days a year. Most rainfall occurs from November to April. Winter temperatures are mild, with average high temperatures of 66–70 °F (19–21 °C) and lows of 50–56 °F (10–13 °C).

The climate in the San Diego area, like much of California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego's case this is mainly due to the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June gloom" period, a thick marine layer will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8.0–16.1 km) inland. This happens every year in May and June.[24] Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 48 °F (9 °C) and August highs of 77 °F (25 °C).[25] The city of El Cajon, just 10 miles (16 km) northeast of downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 89 °F (32 °C).[26] Julian, in the mountains, has an average January low of 29 °F (−2 °C) and August high of 85 °F (29 °C).[27] Borrego Springs, in the Colorado Desert, has an average January low of 43 °F (6 °C) and August high of 106 °F (41 °C).[28]

Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches (25 cm) of precipitation annually, which occurs mainly during the cooler months of December through April. Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does occur. However, the rainfall is greater in the higher elevations of San Diego. Some of the higher areas of San Diego, such as Palomar Mountain and the Laguna Mountains, receive 20–40 inches (51–102 cm) of rain per year, supporting lush forests similar to the Sierra Nevada and California Coast Range. The Colorado Desert portion of the county lies to the east of the mountains, which receives the least amount of precipitation; Borrego Springs, the largest population center in the desert, averages only 5 inches (13 cm), with a high evaporation rate.

Climate data for San Diego Int'l Airport (1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1874–present)[b]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 88
(31) 		91
(33) 		99
(37) 		98
(37) 		98
(37) 		101
(38) 		100
(38) 		98
(37) 		111
(44) 		107
(42) 		100
(38) 		88
(31) 		111
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 78.8
(26.0) 		78.6
(25.9) 		80.2
(26.8) 		82.1
(27.8) 		79.3
(26.3) 		79.6
(26.4) 		82.9
(28.3) 		85.2
(29.6) 		90.6
(32.6) 		87.8
(31.0) 		85.4
(29.7) 		77.0
(25.0) 		94.0
(34.4)
Average high °F (°C) 66.4
(19.1) 		66.2
(19.0) 		67.0
(19.4) 		68.8
(20.4) 		69.5
(20.8) 		71.7
(22.1) 		75.3
(24.1) 		77.3
(25.2) 		77.2
(25.1) 		74.6
(23.7) 		70.7
(21.5) 		66.0
(18.9) 		70.9
(21.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 58.4
(14.7) 		59.0
(15.0) 		60.7
(15.9) 		62.9
(17.2) 		64.8
(18.2) 		67.2
(19.6) 		70.7
(21.5) 		72.4
(22.4) 		71.7
(22.1) 		68.1
(20.1) 		62.7
(17.1) 		57.9
(14.4) 		64.7
(18.2)
Average low °F (°C) 50.3
(10.2) 		51.8
(11.0) 		54.5
(12.5) 		57.1
(13.9) 		60.0
(15.6) 		62.6
(17.0) 		66.1
(18.9) 		67.5
(19.7) 		66.2
(19.0) 		61.5
(16.4) 		54.8
(12.7) 		49.8
(9.9) 		58.5
(14.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 43.7
(6.5) 		46.1
(7.8) 		48.7
(9.3) 		51.9
(11.1) 		55.8
(13.2) 		59.3
(15.2) 		63.0
(17.2) 		63.9
(17.7) 		61.8
(16.6) 		55.5
(13.1) 		48.2
(9.0) 		43.0
(6.1) 		42.6
(5.9)
Record low °F (°C) 25
(−4) 		34
(1) 		36
(2) 		39
(4) 		45
(7) 		50
(10) 		54
(12) 		54
(12) 		50
(10) 		43
(6) 		36
(2) 		32
(0) 		25
(−4)
Average rainfall inches (mm) 1.98
(50) 		2.20
(56) 		1.46
(37) 		0.65
(17) 		0.28
(7.1) 		0.05
(1.3) 		0.08
(2.0) 		0.01
(0.25) 		0.12
(3.0) 		0.50
(13) 		0.79
(20) 		1.67
(42) 		9.79
(249)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) 6.5 7.1 6.2 3.8 2.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.9 2.4 3.7 5.8 40.3
Average relative humidity (%) 63.1 65.7 67.3 67.0 70.6 74.0 74.6 74.1 72.7 69.4 66.3 63.7 69.0
Average dew point °F (°C) 42.8
(6.0) 		45.3
(7.4) 		47.3
(8.5) 		49.5
(9.7) 		53.1
(11.7) 		57.0
(13.9) 		61.2
(16.2) 		62.4
(16.9) 		60.6
(15.9) 		55.6
(13.1) 		48.6
(9.2) 		43.2
(6.2) 		52.2
(11.2)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 239.3 227.4 261.0 276.2 250.5 242.4 304.7 295.0 253.3 243.4 230.1 231.3 3,054.6
Percent possible sunshine 75 74 70 71 58 57 70 71 68 69 73 74 69
Source: NOAA (sun, relative humidity, and dew point 1961–1990)[30][31][32]
  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official precipitation records for San Diego were kept at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from October 1850 to December 1859 at the Mission San Diego and from November 1871 to June 1939 and a variety of buildings at downtown, and at San Diego Int'l (Lindbergh Field) since July 1939.[29] Temperature records, however, only date from October 1874. For more information on data coverage, see ThreadEx

Adjacent counties and municipalities

 
 
Counties adjacent to San Diego County, California
 
Beach at Border State Park; San Diego is on the right while Tijuana is on the left.
 
Border fence between Tijuana (right) and San Diego's border patrol offices (left)

National protected areas

There are seven official wilderness areas in San Diego County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. Four of these are integral parts of Cleveland National Forest, whereas three are managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Some of these extend into neighboring counties (as indicated below):

State parks and protected areas

Mountains

There are 236 mountain summits and peaks in San Diego County[38] including:

Bays and lagoons

Lakes

  • Lindo Lake

Rivers

Environmental risks

More than 1,700 tons of radioactive waste are stored at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station,[39] which sits in an area where there is a record of past tsunamis.[40][41]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of San Diego County, California

Since at least 2014, San Diego County is the fifth most populous county in the United States.[42] In 2000, only about 3% of San Diego County residents left the county for work while 40,000 people commuted into the metropolitan area.[43]

 
Ethnic origins in San Diego County
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1850798—
18604,324441.9%
18704,95114.5%
18808,01861.9%
189034,987336.4%
190035,0900.3%
191061,66575.7%
1920112,24882.0%
1930209,65986.8%
1940289,34838.0%
1950556,80892.4%
19601,033,01185.5%
19701,357,85431.4%
19801,861,84637.1%
19902,498,01634.2%
20002,813,83312.6%
20103,095,31310.0%
20203,298,6346.6%
2022 (est.)3,276,208−0.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[44]
1790–1960[45] 1900–1990[46]
1990–2000[47] 2010[48] 2020[49] 2022[50][51]

2020 census

San Diego County, California – Demographic Profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[48] Pop 2020[49] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 1,500,047 1,422,205 48.46% 43.11%
Black or African American alone (NH) 146,600 145,014 4.74% 4.40%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 14,098 12,841 0.46% 0.39%
Asian alone (NH) 328,058 400,589 10.60% 12.14%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 13,504 12,991 0.44% 0.39%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 6,715 18,125 0.22% 0.55%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 94,943 167,240 3.07% 5.07%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 991,348 1,119,629 32.03% 33.94%
Total 3,095,313 3,298,634 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

Racial and Ethnic Composition since 1960

Racial and ethnic composition 2020[52] 2010[52] 2000[citation needed] 1990[citation needed] 1980[citation needed] 1970[citation needed] 1960[citation needed]
White (non-Hispanic) 43.1% 48.5% 55.0% 65.3% 73.8% – –
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 33.9% 32.0% 26.7% 20.4% 14.7% 12.8% –
Asian (non-Hispanic) 12.1% 10.6% 8.8% 7.9% – – 1.1%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 4.4% 4.7% 5.7% 6.3% 5.6% 4.5% 3.8%
Native American (non-Hispanic) 0.4% 0.5% 0.8% 0.8% – – 0.3%
Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% – – – –
Mixed Race (non-Hispanic) 5.1% 3.1% 4.7% – – – –
Population, race, and income (2011)
Total population[53] 3,060,849
  White[53] 2,182,604 71.3%
 Hispanic or Latino (of any race)[54] 967,858 31.6%
  Asian[53] 333,314 10.9%
  Black or African American[53] 154,076 5.0%
  American Indian or Alaska Native[53] 20,597 0.7%
  Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander[53] 14,266 0.5%
  Some other race[53] 220,000 7.2%
  Two or more races[53] 135,992 4.4%
Per capita income[55] $30,955
Median household income[56] $63,857
Median family income[57] $74,633
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1850798—
18604,324441.9%
18704,95114.5%
18808,01861.9%
189034,987336.4%
190035,0900.3%
191061,66575.7%
1920112,24882.0%
1930209,65986.8%
1940289,34838.0%
1950556,80892.4%
19601,033,01185.5%
19701,357,85431.4%
19801,861,84637.1%
19902,498,01634.2%
20002,813,83312.6%
20103,095,31310.0%
20203,298,6346.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[58]
1790–1960[45] 1900–1990[46]
1990–2000[47] 2010–2018[59] 2020 census[7]

Race

See also: Demographics of Filipino Americans § San Diego County

The 2010 United States Census reported that San Diego County had a population of 3,095,313. The racial makeup of San Diego County was 1,981,442 (64.0%) White, 158,213 (5.1%) African American, 26,340 (0.9%) Native American, 336,091 (10.9%) Asian (4.7% Filipino, 1.6% Vietnamese, 1.4% Chinese, 3.2% Other Asian), 15,337 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 419,465 (13.6%) from other races, and 158,425 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 991,348 people (32.0%).[60] Including those of mixed race, the total number of residents with Asian ancestry was 407,984.[61]

As of 2009, the racial makeup of the county was 79.4% White American, 5.6% Black or African American, 1% Native American, 10.4% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, 10.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. 31.3% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

67.0% spoke only English at home; 21.9% spoke Spanish, 3.1% Tagalog and 1.2% Vietnamese.

Other demographics

As of 2018 Census Bureau estimates, there were 3,343,364 people, 1,067,846 households, and 663,449 families residing in the county. The population density was 670 inhabitants per square mile (260/km2). There were 1,142,245 housing units at an average density of 248 per square mile (96/km2).

In 2000 there were 994,677 households, out of which 33.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.29.

As of 2000, in the county the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 11.30% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.

In 2012, it was estimated that there were 198,000 unauthorized immigrants; the origin of the plurality of them is Mexico.[62]

In 2018, the median household income was $70,824; most people spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs.[63] In August of that year, the median home price was $583,000; this is lower than the median home price in Los Angeles, and Orange counties.[64]

Income

According to the 2000 Census, the median income for a household in the county was $47,067, and the median income for a family was $53,438. Males had a median income of $36,952 versus $30,356 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,926. About 8.9% of families and 12.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.5% of those under age 18 and 6.8% of those age 65 or over.

Much of the county's high-income residents are concentrated in the northern part of the city of San Diego. The San Diego metropolitan area has two places with both a population of over 50,000 and a per capita income of over $40,000: Carlsbad and Encinitas.

The county's largest continuous high-income urban area is a triangle from a first point on the northern edge of Carlsbad, a second point southeast of Escondido, and a third point on the southern edge of La Jolla. It contains all or most of the cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Solana Beach, Del Mar, and Poway in addition to a substantial portion of northern San Diego.[65]

Homelessness

According to a Point-In-Time count taken for the San Diego Regional Task Force on the Homeless, there were 8,576 homeless individuals on January 6, 2018, a 6% decrease from 2017. 3,586 were sheltered, and 4,990 were not. 4,912 (75.3%) were in the city of San Diego. North County Inland had 1,153 (13.4%), North County Coastal with 822 homeless (9.6%), 602 (7%) were found in South County, and 1,087 (12.7%) in East County.[66]

Religion

According to the Pew Research Center as of 2014, 68% of adults in the county are Christian, of whom 32% are Catholic. 27% were unaffiliated, and 5% adhered to a Non-Christian faith.[67] According to the University of Southern California, in 2010, the largest faith in the county was Catholicism, followed by Nondenominational Christians, and Mormons.[68]

In 2014, the county had 978 religious organizations, the seventh most out of all US counties.[69]

Immigration data

In 2014 according to Pew Research Center, there are about 170,000 illegal aliens living in the region.[70] San Diego has been a destination for trafficked minors from Mexico and the Philippines.[71] In 2018, the United States Border Patrol caught an average of over a hundred individuals crossing the border illegally each day.[72]

Economy

San Diego County and Imperial County are part of the Southern Border Region, one of nine such regions. As a regional economy, the Southern Border Region is the smallest but most economically diverse region in the state. However, the two counties maintain weak relations and have little in common aside from their common border.[73] The region has a high cost of living.[74] This includes the highest cost of water in the United States.[75] As of 2018, San Diego County is within the top ten highest cost of rent in the United States;[76] this has led to people moving out of the county.[77]

Agriculture

San Diego County's agriculture industry was worth $1.85 billion in 2013,[78] and is one of the top five egg producing counties in the United States.[79] In 2013, San Diego County also had the most small farms of any county in the United States, and had the 19th largest agricultural economy of any county in the United States.[80] According to the San Diego Farm Bureau, San Diego County is the United States' leading producer of avocados and nursery crops.[81] Until the early 20th century, San Diego County had a thriving wine industry; however the 1916 Charles Hatfield flood was the beginning of the end of the industry which included the destruction of the Daneri winery in Otay Valley.[82] As of October 2016, there are roughly one hundred vineyards and wineries in San Diego County.[83]

By the 2019–2020 statistical survey, California Department of Food & Agriculture (cdfa) found that the nursery trade dominated the county's agriculture by dollar value.[84] Second place went to avocado production.[84]

Breweries

Main article: Beer in San Diego County, California

The county has been called "the Craft Beer Capital of America".[85] Brewing has been one of the fastest-growing business sectors with local breweries ranking among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States and breweries that are consistently rated among the top breweries in the world.

Cannabis

Further information: Cannabis in California

Commercial operations to grow, test, or sell cannabis are not allowed in the unincorporated areas of the county. Companies must be licensed by the local agency to operate and each city or county may authorize none or only some of these activities. Local governments may not prohibit adults, who are in compliance with state laws, from growing, using, or transporting marijuana for personal use.[86]

Tourism

 
Horton Plaza, before its demolition in 2020

Tourism plays a large part in the economics of the San Diego metropolitan area. Tourists are drawn to the region for a well rounded experience, everything from shopping to surfing as well as its mild climate. Its numerous tourist destinations include Westfield UTC, Seaport Village, Westfield Mission Valley and Fashion Valley Mall for shopping. SeaWorld San Diego and Legoland California as amusement parks. Golf courses such as Torrey Pines Golf Course and Balboa Park Golf Course. Museums such as the San Diego Museum of Man, San Diego Museum of Art, Reuben H. Fleet Science Center, San Diego Natural History Museum, USS Midway Museum, and the San Diego Air and Space Museum. Historical places such as the Gaslamp Quarter, Balboa Park and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Wildlife refuges, zoos, and aquariums such as the Birch Aquarium at Scripps, San Diego Zoo's Safari Park, San Diego Zoo and San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park. Outdoor destinations include the Peninsular Ranges for hiking, biking, mountainboarding and trail riding. Surfing locations include Swami's, Stone Steps Beach, Torrey Pines State Beach, Cardiff State Beach, San Onofre State Beach and the southern portion of Black's Beach.

The region is host to the second largest cruise ship industry in California which generates an estimated $2 million annually from purchases of food, fuel, supplies, and maintenance services.[87] In 2008 the Port of San Diego hosted 252 ship calls and more than 800,000 passengers.[88]

Culture

See also: Culture of San Diego

The culture of San Diego is influenced heavily by American and Mexican cultures due to its position as a border town, its large Hispanic population, and its history as part of Spanish America and Mexico. The area's longtime association with the U.S. military also contributes to its culture. Present-day culture includes many historical and tourist attractions, a thriving musical and theatrical scene, numerous notable special events, a varied cuisine, and a reputation as one of America's premier centers of craft brewing.

Sites of interest

Sports

See also: Sports in San Diego

The most popular sports team in the San Diego metropolitan area is Major League Baseball (MLB)'s San Diego Padres.[citation needed] The college sports teams of the San Diego State Aztecs are also locally popular.

Major professional team

Club Sport Since League Venue (capacity)
San Diego Padres Baseball 1969[a] Major League Baseball (MLB) Petco Park (40,209)
  1. ^ The Padres were originally founded in 1936 as a minor league team which played through 1968, when it gave way to the new, current, MLB Padres

Other highest-level professional teams

Club Sport Since League Venue (capacity) Titles
San Diego Wave FC Soccer (women's) 2022 National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) Torero Stadium (6,000)[a][89]
San Diego Seals Lacrosse 2017 National Lacrosse League (NLL) Pechanga Arena (12,920)
San Diego Legion Rugby union 2018 Major League Rugby (MLR) SDSU Sports Deck (3,000)[b][90]
San Diego Sockers Indoor soccer 1978[c] Major Arena Soccer League (MASL) Pechanga Arena (12,000)[d] 15[e]
San Diego Strike Force Indoor football 2019 Indoor Football League (IFL) Pechanga Arena (12,000)
San Diego Aviators Tennis 2014[f] World TeamTennis (WTT) Omni La Costa Court (2,100) 1 (2016)[g][h]
San Diego Growlers Ultimate 2015 American Ultimate Disc League (AUDL) varies
San Diego Lions Australian football 1997 United States Australian Football League (USAFL) varies 2 (2001, 2006)
San Diego Yacht Club Sailing 1886 America's Cup varies 3 (1987, 1988, 1992)
San Diego Swell Rugby league TBD[i] North American Rugby League (NARL) TBD
  1. ^ Wave FC plans to move to Snapdragon Stadium (capacity 35,000) upon the stadium's completion in September 2022
  2. ^ The Legion plans to move to Snapdragon Stadium (capacity 35,000) in 2023
  3. ^ 3rd San Diego Sockers iteration of highest-level professional indoor soccer, re-founded in 2009. Previous teams: San Diego Sockers (1978–1996) and San Diego Sockers (2001–2004)
  4. ^ The Sockers plan to move to CaliFino Arena (capacity 6,367), a newly constructed arena in Oceanside in 2023[91]
  5. ^ Sockers franchise includes titles won by its previous iteration, San Diego Sockers (1978–1996), in preceding top professional indoor soccer leagues. The franchise's titles by league are as follows:
    MASL: 5 (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2021)
    MISL: 8 (1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992)
    NASL Indoor: 2 (1982, 1984)
  6. ^ Franchise was founded in 1995 in New York City, relocated to San Diego in 2014
  7. ^ Does not include 2 titles (2005 & 2008) won by the franchise before relocating from New York to San Diego
  8. ^ The city's previous WTT franchise, the San Diego Buds, additionally won 2 titles (1984 & 1985)
  9. ^ The Swell was announced in March 2021 as one of 14 league foundation teams, however its first season was postponed along with the rest of the entire announced Western Division[92]

Minor league professional teams

Club Sport Since League Venue (capacity) Competition

Tier

San Diego Gulls Ice hockey 1966[a] American Hockey League (AHL) Pechanga Arena (12,920) 2
San Diego Loyal SC Soccer 2020 USL Championship (USLC) Torero Stadium (6,000) 2
Albion SC San Diego Soccer 2019 National Independent Soccer Association (NISA) varies 3
  1. ^ 4th San Diego Gulls iteration of minor league professional ice hockey, re-founded in 2015. Previous teams: San Diego Gulls (1966–1974), San Diego Gulls (1990–1995) & San Diego Gulls (1995–2006)

College teams

The San Diego State Aztecs (MW), the San Diego Toreros (WCC), and the UC San Diego Tritons (BWC) are NCAA Division I teams. The Cal State San Marcos Cougars (CCAA) and Point Loma Nazarene Sea Lions (PacWest) are members of NCAA Division II, while the San Diego Christian Hawks (GSAC) and Saint Katherine Firebirds (CalPac) are a member of the NAIA.

Government

Main article: Government of San Diego County, California
See also: San Diego County Water Authority

The Government of San Diego County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of San Diego.[93] Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of San Diego County. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas.[94] Some chartered cities such as San Diego and Chula Vista provide municipal services such as police, public safety, libraries, parks and recreation, and zoning. Other cities such as Del Mar and Vista arrange to have the County provide some or all of these services on a contract basis.

The county government is composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, several other elected offices and officers

Office Official Party
Clerk Ernest J. Dronenburg Jr. Republican
District Attorney Summer Stephan Republican
Sheriff Anthony Ray
Treasurer Dan McAllister Republican

and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the Chief Administrative Officer such as the Probation Department. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with San Diego County, such as the San Diego Superior Court.

Under its foundational Charter, the five-member elected San Diego County Board of Supervisors is the county legislature. The board operates in a legislative, executive, and quasi-judicial capacity. As a legislative authority, it can pass ordinances for the unincorporated areas (ordinances that affect the whole county, like posting of restaurant ratings, must be ratified by the individual city). As an executive body, it can tell the county departments what to do, and how to do it. As a quasi-judicial body, the Board is the final venue of appeal in the local planning process.

As of January 2021, the members of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors are:[95]

District Supervisor Party
1 Nora Vargas (Vice Chair) Democrat
2 Joel Anderson Republican
3 Terra Lawson-Remer Democrat
4 Nathan Fletcher (chair) Democrat
5 Jim Desmond Republican

For several decades, ending in 2013, all five supervisors were Republican, white, graduates of San Diego State University, and had been in office since 1995 or earlier. The Board was criticized for this homogeneity, which was made possible because supervisors draw their own district lines and are not subject to term limits.[96] (In 2010 voters put term limits in place, but they only apply going forward, so that each incumbent supervisor can serve an additional two terms before being termed out.[97]) That pattern was broken in 2013 when Slater-Price retired; she was replaced by Democrat Dave Roberts, who won election to the seat in November 2012 and was inaugurated in January 2013.[98]

The San Diego County Code is the codified law of San Diego County in the form of ordinances passed by the Board of Supervisors. The Administrative Code establishes the powers and duties of all officers and the procedures and rules of operation of all departments.

The county motto is "The noblest motive is the public good." County government offices are housed in the historic County Administration Center Building, constructed in 1935–1938 with funding from the Works Progress Administration.[99]

Politics

San Diego County registered voters (2019)[100]
Total population[53] 3,338,330
  Registered voters[101] 1,747,383 52.3%
    Democratic 623,925 35.7%
    Republican 475,149 27.2%
    Democratic–Republican spread +148,776 +8.5%
    No party preference 552,538 31.6%
    American Independent 55,800 3.2%
    Libertarian 16,355 0.9%
    Other 11,474 0.7%
    Green 6,887 0.4%
    Peace and Freedom 5,255 0.3%
Main article: Politics of San Diego County

Voting

With its prominent armed forces presence, San Diego County, historically, has been a Republican stronghold. The Republican presidential nominee carried the county in every presidential election from 1948 through 2004, except in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win a majority of votes in San Diego County since World War II; upon his reelection in 2012, he again won a majority of the county votes. In 2020, San Diego County voted in favor of the Democratic presidential candidate (then-Vice President Joe Biden) by a margin of 22.8%, the county's largest margin for a Democratic candidate since 1936.

United States presidential election results for San Diego County, California[102]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 600,094 37.46% 964,650 60.21% 37,399 2.33%
2016 477,766 36.43% 735,476 56.07% 98,376 7.50%
2012 536,726 44.95% 626,957 52.51% 30,266 2.53%
2008 541,032 43.79% 666,581 53.95% 27,890 2.26%
2004 596,033 52.45% 526,437 46.33% 13,881 1.22%
2000 475,736 49.63% 437,666 45.66% 45,232 4.72%
1996 402,876 45.57% 389,964 44.11% 91,311 10.33%
1992 352,125 35.69% 367,397 37.24% 267,124 27.07%
1988 523,143 60.19% 333,264 38.34% 12,788 1.47%
1984 502,344 65.30% 257,029 33.41% 9,894 1.29%
1980 435,910 60.81% 195,410 27.26% 85,546 11.93%
1976 353,302 55.74% 263,654 41.60% 16,839 2.66%
1972 371,627 61.82% 206,455 34.34% 23,055 3.84%
1968 261,540 56.26% 167,669 36.07% 35,654 7.67%
1964 214,445 50.31% 211,808 49.69% 33 0.01%
1960 223,056 56.41% 171,259 43.31% 1,106 0.28%
1956 195,742 64.47% 106,716 35.15% 1,147 0.38%
1952 186,091 63.50% 105,255 35.92% 1,688 0.58%
1948 101,552 49.43% 98,217 47.80% 5,690 2.77%
1944 75,746 45.42% 89,959 53.94% 1,059 0.64%
1940 55,434 43.27% 71,188 55.57% 1,488 1.16%
1936 35,686 35.04% 64,628 63.45% 1,540 1.51%
1932 35,305 41.46% 45,622 53.58% 4,223 4.96%
1928 47,769 67.14% 22,749 31.97% 633 0.89%
1924 22,726 48.99% 2,944 6.35% 20,721 44.67%
1920 19,826 63.78% 8,478 27.27% 2,783 8.95%
1916 16,978 46.47% 16,815 46.02% 2,744 7.51%
1912 63 0.29% 9,731 44.79% 11,934 54.92%
1908 5,412 57.56% 2,393 25.45% 1,598 16.99%
1904 4,303 59.52% 1,398 19.34% 1,529 21.15%
1900 3,800 54.91% 2,678 38.69% 443 6.40%
1896 3,631 46.86% 3,908 50.44% 209 2.70%
1892 3,525 45.71% 2,334 30.26% 1,853 24.03%
1888 4,661 56.88% 3,189 38.92% 344 4.20%
1884 1,120 57.00% 800 40.71% 45 2.29%
1880 743 56.80% 546 41.74% 19 1.45%

The City of San Diego, itself, is more Democratic than the County average, and has largely voted Democrat in each presidential election since 1992; certain areas and cities within the county are swing areas, and have split their votes, in post-2000 elections. The county's Republican population gradually increases the further one travels away from the city center; the Republican strongholds are (more or less) concentrated throughout the cities of La Jolla, Coronado, the regions of North County and East County, the eastern backlands and remote mountain communities (including Julian). While these areas have been traditionally Republican, all maintain a considerably varied population of Liberals, Democrats, Libertarians, Independents, and others.

One unique feature of the political scene is the use of Golden Hall, a convention facility next to San Diego's City Hall, as "Election Central." The County Registrar of Voters rents the hall to distribute election results. Supporters and political observers gather to watch the results come in; supporters of the various candidates parade around the hall, carrying signs and chanting; candidates give their victory and concession speeches and host parties for campaign volunteers and donors at the site; and television stations broadcast live from the floor of the convention center.[103] The atmosphere at Election Central on the evening of election day has been compared to the voting portion of a political party national convention.[104]

On November 4, 2008, San Diego County voted 53.71% for Proposition 8, which amended the California Constitution, effectively placing a ban on same-sex marriages; this proposition would restore Proposition 22, which was overturned by a ruling from the California Supreme Court. However, the City of San Diego, along with the North County coastal cities of Del Mar, Encinitas, and Solana Beach voted against Proposition 8. La Mesa was a virtual tie for Prop. 8 support, while Carlsbad supported the referendum by only a 2% margin.[105]

Federal and state representation

In the U.S. House of Representatives, San Diego County is split between five congressional districts:[106]

In the California State Assembly, San Diego County is split between seven legislative districts:[107]

In the California State Senate, San Diego County is split between four legislative districts:[108]

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

Education

San Diego County contains three public state universities: University of California, San Diego; San Diego State University; and California State University, San Marcos. Major private universities in the county include University of San Diego (USD), Point Loma Nazarene University (PLNU), Alliant International University (AIU), and National University. It also includes three law schools, USD School of Law, California Western School of Law, and Thomas Jefferson School of Law.

Within the county there are 24 public elementary school districts, 6 high school districts, and 12 unified school districts. There are also 5 community college districts.[111]

Several cities in the county maintain public library systems, including the city of San Diego itself. The San Diego County Library serves all other areas of the county. In 2010 the county library had 33 branches and two bookmobiles; circulated over 10.7 million books, CDs, DVDs, and other material formats; recorded 5.7 million visits to library branches; and hosted 21,132 free programs and events. The San Diego County Library is one of the 25 busiest libraries in the nation as measured by materials circulated.[112][113]

Community College Districts

K-12 schools

School districts
[114]

K-12 unified:

Secondary:

Elementary:

Military

San Diego is the headquarters of the U.S. Navy's Eleventh Naval District and is the Navy's principal location for West Coast and Pacific Ocean operations.[115] Naval Base San Diego, California is principal home to the Pacific Fleet (although the headquarters is located in Pearl Harbor). NAS North Island is located on the north side of Coronado, and is home to Headquarters for Naval Air Forces and Naval Air Force Pacific, the bulk of the Pacific Fleet's helicopter squadrons, and part of the West Coast aircraft carrier fleet.

The Naval Special Warfare Center is the primary training center for SEALs, and is also located on Coronado. The area contains five major naval bases and the U.S. Marines base Camp Pendleton. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and serves as its prime amphibious training base.[116] It is located on the Southern California coast, bordered by Oceanside to the south, San Clemente to the north, and Fallbrook to the east.

U.S. Navy

U.S. Marine Corps

U.S. Coast Guard

U.S. Air Force

Media

San Diego County is primarily served by media in San Diego, including TV and radio stations based in the city.

Newspapers

San Diego County is served by many newspapers. The major regional paper is The San Diego Union-Tribune, also known as U-T San Diego or just "The U-T" by locals, is ranked 23rd in the country (by daily circulation) as of March 2013.[117] The Union-Tribune serves both San Diego County and neighboring Imperial County. The former North County Times, based in Escondido and serving portions of Riverside County and North County, was purchased by the Union-Tribune in 2012 and closed down. For about a year after absorbing the North County Times the Union-Tribune published a North County edition,[118] but the regional edition was later abandoned.[119] The Los Angeles Times is also delivered in portions of the county. Many of the area's cities, towns and neighborhoods have their own local newspapers; the Union Tribune bought eight local weeklies in 2013 and is continuing to publish them as independent local newspapers.[119] The San Diego Daily Transcript reports business and legal news. Privately published papers like the Military Press Newspaper and the Navy Dispatch serve the military community both on and off base.

Other media

County Television Network is a public-access television cable channel, offering a "hometown blend of C-SPAN, the Lifetime, History, Travel, and Discovery channels" for the county, and funded by fees paid by cable companies.[120]

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in San Diego County

Major highways

Border crossings to Mexico

Railroads

Light rail and local transit

The Port of San Diego

Airports

City of San Diego

Carlsbad

El Cajon

Oceanside

Unincorporated San Diego County

Communities

 
North County communities. Coastal cities are in dark blue, unincorporated coastal communities are in light blue. Inland cities are in dark yellow, unincorporated inland communities are in light yellow. Parts of northern San Diego are sometimes considered part of North County, as are much of the white areas north of the city.
 
East County communities in red. In dark red are the cities and towns of Santee and El Cajon which mark the western edge of East County. Unincorporated communities are in light red, including Lakeside and Alpine.
 
South Bay communities of San Diego County. The cities and towns of National City, Chula Vista, and Imperial Beach are in dark orange. The unincorporated community of Bonita is in light orange. San Ysidro and Otay Mesa, neighborhoods of the city of San Diego, are in pink.

Cities

City Year

incorporated

Population

(2019 estimate)[121]

Carlsbad 1952
115,382
Chula Vista 1911
274,492
Coronado 1890
23,731
Del Mar 1959
4,331
El Cajon 1912
102,708
Encinitas 1986
62,709
Escondido 1888
151,625
Imperial Beach 1956
27,440
La Mesa 1912
59,249
Lemon Grove 1977
26,811
National City 1887
61,394
Oceanside 1888
175,742
Poway 1980
49,323
San Diego (county seat) 1850
1,423,851
San Marcos 1963
96,644
Santee 1980
58,081
Solana Beach 1986
13,296
Vista 1963
101,638

Former city

City Year

incorporated

Year

dissolved

Fate
East San Diego 1912 1923 Merged into San Diego

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Potential future incorporations and past efforts

Some CDP's and other unincorporated communities of San Diego County have explored incorporating as independent cities/towns in the past, some of which have seen efforts culminate in ballot initiatives. Alpine, Fallbrook, Lakeside, Ramona, Rancho Santa Fe and Spring Valley have been tied to various incorporation studies, organized efforts and discussions in the past.[122] Voters in Fallbrook previously rejected incorporation in 1981 and 1987.[123] Rancho Santa Fe residents also rejected incorporation in 1987.[124] Among the existing cities of San Diego County, some had multiple failed incorporation efforts before ultimately succeeding in becoming a city. Lemon Grove, for example, saw incorporation measures fail in 1955, 1958 and 1964 before a successful incorporation vote in 1977.[125] Other cities have seen incorporation success thanks to mergers of neighboring unincorporated communities. Encinitas, for example, became a city through a combined effort between the then-unincorporated communities of Cardiff-by-the-Sea, Leucadia, New Encinitas, Old Encinitas and Olivenhain in 1986.[126] Encinitas and Solana Beach in 1986 remain the most recent examples of successful campaigns for cityhood within the County of San Diego.

Indian reservations

San Diego County has 18 federally recognized Indian reservations, more than any other county in the United States.[127] Although they are typical in size to other Indian reservations in California (many of which are termed "Rancherías"), they are relatively tiny by national standards,[citation needed] and all together total 200.2 sq mi (519 km2) of area.

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of San Diego County.[128][129]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Population (2010 Census) Population (2020 Census) Municipal type
1 † San Diego 1,307,402 1,386,932 City
2 Chula Vista 243,916 275,487 City
3 Oceanside 167,086 174,068 City
4 Escondido 143,911 151,038 City
5 Carlsbad 105,328 114,746 City
6 El Cajon 99,478 106,215 City
7 Vista 93,834 98,381 City
8 San Marcos 83,781 94,833 City
9 Encinitas 59,518 62,007 City
10 La Mesa 57,065 61,121 City
11 Santee 53,413 60,037 City
12 National City 58,582 56,173 City
13 Poway 47,811 48,841 City
14 La Presa 34,169 35,033 CDP
15 Fallbrook 30,534 32,267 CDP
16 Spring Valley 28,205 30,998 CDP
17 Lemon Grove 25,320 27,627 City
18 Imperial Beach 26,324 26,137 City
19 Winter Gardens 20,631 22,380 CDP
20 Rancho San Diego 21,208 21,858 CDP
21 Ramona 20,292 21,468 CDP
22 Lakeside 20,648 21,152 CDP
23 Coronado 18,912 20,192 City
24 Casa de Oro-Mount Helix 18,762 19,576 CDP
25 Bostonia 15,379 16,882 CDP
26 Alpine 14,236 14,696 CDP
27 Solana Beach 12,867 12,941 City
28 Bonita 12,538 12,917 CDP
29 Camp Pendleton South 10,616 12,468 CDP
30 San Diego Country Estates 10,109 10,395 CDP
31 Valley Center 9,277 10,087 CDP
32 Camp Pendleton Mainside 5,200 9,683 CDP
33 Jamul 6,163 6,179 CDP
34 Eucalyptus Hills 5,313 5,517 CDP
35 Lake San Marcos 4,437 5,328 CDP
36 Bonsall 3,982 4,546 CDP
37 Hidden Meadows 3,485 4,484 CDP
38 Harbison Canyon 3,841 4,048 CDP
39 Del Mar 4,161 3,954 City
40 Granite Hills 3,035 3,267 CDP
41 Rancho Santa Fe 3,117 3,156 CDP
42 Borrego Springs 3,429 3,073 CDP
43 Fairbanks Ranch 3,148 3,002 CDP
44 Campo 2,684 2,955 CDP
45 Crest 2,593 2,828 CDP
46 Harmony Grove N/A 2,079 CDP[130]
47 Rainbow 1,832 1,884 CDP
48 Julian 1,502 1,768 CDP
49 Pine Valley 1,510 1,645 CDP
50 Pala Indian Reservation[131] 1,315 1,541 AIAN
51 Descanso 1,423 1,499 CDP
52 Pala N/A 1,490 CDP
53 San Pasqual Reservation[132] 1,097 1,270 AIAN
54 Rincon Reservation[133] 1,215 1,095 AIAN
55 Barona Reservation[134] 640 756 AIAN
56 Potrero 656 648 CDP
57 Elfin Forest N/A 600 CDP[135]
58 Jacumba 561 540 CDP
59 Viejas Reservation[136] 520 538 AIAN
60 Campo Indian Reservation[137] 362 398 AIAN
61 Del Dios N/A 396 CDP[138]
62 Boulevard 315 359 CDP
63 Santa Ysabel Reservation[139] 330 263 AIAN
64 Sycuan Reservation[140] 211 218 AIAN
65 Pauma and Yuima Reservation[141] 206 179 AIAN
66 La Jolla Reservation[142] 476 145 AIAN
67 Manzanita Reservation[143] 78 101 AIAN
68 Mesa Grande Reservation[144] 98 87 AIAN
69 Mount Laguna 57 74 CDP
70 La Posta Indian Reservation[145] 55 50 AIAN
71 Los Coyotes Reservation[146] 98 15 AIAN

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

References

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May 17, 2023
diego, county, california, diego, county, listen, officially, county, diego, spanish, condado, diego, county, southwestern, corner, state, california, 2020, census, population, making, california, second, most, populous, county, fifth, most, populous, united, . San Diego County ˌ s ae n d i ˈ eɪ ɡ oʊ listen officially the County of San Diego Spanish Condado de San Diego is a county in the southwestern corner of the U S state of California As of the 2020 census the population was 3 298 634 7 making it California s second most populous county and the fifth most populous in the United States Its county seat is San Diego 8 the second most populous city in California and the eighth most populous city in the United States It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States and is a border county It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations the most of any county in the United States San Diego CountyCountyCounty of San DiegoImages from top down left to right F A 18 Hornet flying over San Diego Mission San Diego de Alcala San Diego State University s Hepner Hall Hotel del Coronado s main building Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve Jacumba MountainsFlagSealInteractive map of San Diego CountyLocation in the state of CaliforniaCoordinates 33 01 N 116 46 W 33 02 N 116 77 W 33 02 116 77 Coordinates 33 01 N 116 46 W 33 02 N 116 77 W 33 02 116 77CountryUnited StatesStateCaliforniaFormedFebruary 18 1850 1 Named forSan Diego de AlcalaCounty seatSan DiegoLargest citySan DiegoGovernment TypeCouncil CEO BodyBoard of Supervisors ChairNora Vargas D Vice ChairTerra Lawson Remer D Board of Supervisors 3 Supervisors Nora Vargas D Joel Anderson R Terra Lawson Remmer D Nathan Fletcher D Jim Desmond R Chief Administrative OfficerHelen Robbins Meyer 2 District AttorneySummer StephanArea 4 Total4 260 9 sq mi 11 036 km2 Land3 942 sq mi 10 210 km2 Water319 sq mi 830 km2 Highest elevation 5 6 536 ft 1 992 m Population April 1 2020 Total3 298 634 Density837 sq mi 323 km2 Time zoneUTC 8 Pacific Time Zone Summer DST UTC 7 Pacific Daylight Time Area codes442 760 619 858 and 949FIPS code06 073GDP 225 billion 6 GDP per capita 68 457Websitewww wbr sandiegocounty wbr govSan Diego County comprises the San Diego Chula Vista Carlsbad CA Metropolitan Statistical Area 9 which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1 2012 10 11 San Diego County is also part of the San Diego Tijuana transborder metropolitan area the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico San Diego County has more than 70 miles 113 km of coastline This forms the most densely populated region of the county which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter 12 These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America There are 16 military installations of the U S Navy U S Marine Corps and the U S Coast Guard in San Diego County These include Naval Base San Diego Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Air Station Miramar Naval Air Station North Island and Coast Guard Air Station San Diego From north to south San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico U S border and the Baja California municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate From west to east San Diego County stretches from the Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County which separated from it in 1907 Since 2010 statewide droughts in California have further strained San Diego County s water security 13 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Regions 2 2 Climate 2 3 Adjacent counties and municipalities 2 4 National protected areas 2 5 State parks and protected areas 2 6 Mountains 2 7 Bays and lagoons 2 8 Lakes 2 9 Rivers 2 10 Environmental risks 3 Demographics 3 1 2020 census 3 2 Racial and Ethnic Composition since 1960 3 3 Race 3 4 Other demographics 3 5 Income 3 6 Homelessness 3 7 Religion 3 8 Immigration data 4 Economy 4 1 Agriculture 4 2 Breweries 4 3 Cannabis 4 4 Tourism 5 Culture 5 1 Sites of interest 6 Sports 6 1 Major professional team 6 2 Other highest level professional teams 6 3 Minor league professional teams 6 4 College teams 7 Government 8 Politics 8 1 Voting 8 2 Federal and state representation 9 Crime 9 1 Cities by population and crime rates 10 Education 10 1 Community College Districts 10 2 K 12 schools 11 Military 11 1 U S Navy 11 2 U S Marine Corps 11 3 U S Coast Guard 11 4 U S Air Force 12 Media 12 1 Newspapers 12 2 Other media 13 Transportation 13 1 Major highways 13 2 Border crossings to Mexico 13 3 Railroads 13 4 Light rail and local transit 13 5 The Port of San Diego 13 6 Airports 13 6 1 City of San Diego 13 6 2 Carlsbad 13 6 3 El Cajon 13 6 4 Oceanside 13 6 5 Unincorporated San Diego County 14 Communities 14 1 Cities 14 2 Former city 14 3 Census designated places 14 4 Unincorporated communities 14 5 Potential future incorporations and past efforts 14 6 Indian reservations 14 7 Population ranking 15 See also 16 Notes 17 References 18 Further reading 19 External linksHistory EditMain article History of San Diego The area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 12 000 years by Kumeyaay also called Diegueno and Ipai Tipai Payomkawichum Luiseno Kuupangaxwichem Cupeno ʔivil uqaletem Cahuilla and the Acjachemen Juaneno Indians and their local predecessors 14 In 1542 the explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo who may have been born in Portugal but sailed under the flag of Castile claimed San Diego Bay for the Spanish Empire and he named the site San Miguel 15 In November 1602 Sebastian Vizcaino surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for Saint Didacus a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego 16 European settlement in what is now San Diego County began with the founding of the San Diego Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcala by Spanish soldiers and clerics in 1769 17 This county was part of Alta California under the Viceroyalty of New Spain until the Mexican declaration of independence From 1821 through 1848 this area was part of Mexico San Diego County became part of the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ending the Mexican American War This treaty designated the new border as terminating at a point on the Pacific Ocean coast which would result in the border passing one Spanish league south of the southernmost portion of San Diego Bay thus ensuring that the United States received all of this natural harbor San Diego County was one of the original counties of California created at the time of California statehood in 1850 18 221 At the time of its establishment in 1850 San Diego County was relatively large and included all of southernmost California south and east of Los Angeles County It included areas of what are now Inyo and San Bernardino Counties as well as all of what are now Riverside and Imperial Counties 18 221 During the later part of the 19th century there were numerous changes in the boundaries of San Diego County when various areas were separated to make up the counties mentioned above The most recent changes were the establishments of Riverside County in 1893 18 207 and Imperial County in 1907 18 113 Imperial County was also the last county to be established in California and after this division San Diego no longer extended from the Pacific Ocean to the Colorado River and it no longer covered the entire border between California and Mexico Geography Edit Many of the cities seen from the sky as part of the San Diego Tijuana metropolitan area According to the U S Census Bureau the county has an area of 4 526 square miles 11 720 km2 of which 4 207 square miles 10 900 km2 is land and 319 square miles 830 km2 7 0 is water 19 The county is larger in area than the combined states of Rhode Island and Delaware 20 San Diego County has a varied topography On its western side is more than 70 miles 113 km of coastline 21 Most of San Diego between the coast and the Laguna Mountains consists of hills mesas and small canyons Snow capped in winter mountains rise to the east with the Sonoran Desert farther to the east Cleveland National Forest is spread across the central portion of the county while the Anza Borrego Desert State Park occupies most of the northeast Although the county s western third is primarily urban the mountains and deserts in the eastern two thirds are primarily undeveloped backcountry Most of these backcountry areas are home to a native plant community known as chaparral San Diego County contains more than 1 000 000 acres 4 000 km2 of chaparral twice as much as any other California county 22 Periodically the area has been subject to wildfires that force thousands to evacuate The most recent are the December 2017 Lilac Fire and the May 2014 San Diego County wildfires before them was the Witch Creek Fire in 2007 and the Cedar Fire in 2003 California defines a fire season in which fires are most likely to occur usually between late July and late October which are the driest months of the area Signs posted in numerous spots of the county provide information on the level of threats from fires based on weather conditions citation needed Regions Edit Northern San Diego County is known as North County the eastern suburbs are collectively known as East County the rural areas located further east and extending to the Imperial County line are known as the Mountain Empire and the southern suburbs extending to the Mexican border are collectively known as the South Bay or South County including South San Diego an exclave of the city of San Diego which has no land connection to the rest of the city Climate Edit Main article Climate of San Diego California Cleveland National Forest Under the Koppen climate classification system the urban and suburban San Diego area straddles areas of Mediterranean climate CSa to the north and semi arid climate BSh to the south and east 23 As a result it is often described as arid Mediterranean and semi arid steppe Farther east arid desert conditions prevail Western San Diego s climate is characterized by warm dry summers and mild winters with most of the annual precipitation falling between November and March The city has mild mostly dry weather with an average of 201 days above 70 F 21 C and low rainfall 9 13 inches 23 33 cm annually Summer temperatures are generally warm with average highs of 70 78 F 21 26 C and lows of 55 66 F 13 19 C Temperatures exceed 90 F 32 C only four days a year Most rainfall occurs from November to April Winter temperatures are mild with average high temperatures of 66 70 F 19 21 C and lows of 50 56 F 10 13 C The climate in the San Diego area like much of California often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates In San Diego s case this is mainly due to the city s topography the Bay and the numerous hills mountains and canyons Frequently particularly during the May gray June gloom period a thick marine layer will keep the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast but will yield to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5 10 miles 8 0 16 1 km inland This happens every year in May and June 24 Even in the absence of June gloom inland areas tend to experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas where the ocean serves as a moderating influence Thus for example downtown San Diego averages January lows of 48 F 9 C and August highs of 77 F 25 C 25 The city of El Cajon just 10 miles 16 km northeast of downtown San Diego averages January lows of 42 F 6 C and August highs of 89 F 32 C 26 Julian in the mountains has an average January low of 29 F 2 C and August high of 85 F 29 C 27 Borrego Springs in the Colorado Desert has an average January low of 43 F 6 C and August high of 106 F 41 C 28 Rainfall along the coast averages about 10 inches 25 cm of precipitation annually which occurs mainly during the cooler months of December through April Though there are few wet days per month during the rainy period rainfall can be heavy when it does occur However the rainfall is greater in the higher elevations of San Diego Some of the higher areas of San Diego such as Palomar Mountain and the Laguna Mountains receive 20 40 inches 51 102 cm of rain per year supporting lush forests similar to the Sierra Nevada and California Coast Range The Colorado Desert portion of the county lies to the east of the mountains which receives the least amount of precipitation Borrego Springs the largest population center in the desert averages only 5 inches 13 cm with a high evaporation rate vteClimate data for San Diego Int l Airport 1991 2020 normals a extremes 1874 present b Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 88 31 91 33 99 37 98 37 98 37 101 38 100 38 98 37 111 44 107 42 100 38 88 31 111 44 Mean maximum F C 78 8 26 0 78 6 25 9 80 2 26 8 82 1 27 8 79 3 26 3 79 6 26 4 82 9 28 3 85 2 29 6 90 6 32 6 87 8 31 0 85 4 29 7 77 0 25 0 94 0 34 4 Average high F C 66 4 19 1 66 2 19 0 67 0 19 4 68 8 20 4 69 5 20 8 71 7 22 1 75 3 24 1 77 3 25 2 77 2 25 1 74 6 23 7 70 7 21 5 66 0 18 9 70 9 21 6 Daily mean F C 58 4 14 7 59 0 15 0 60 7 15 9 62 9 17 2 64 8 18 2 67 2 19 6 70 7 21 5 72 4 22 4 71 7 22 1 68 1 20 1 62 7 17 1 57 9 14 4 64 7 18 2 Average low F C 50 3 10 2 51 8 11 0 54 5 12 5 57 1 13 9 60 0 15 6 62 6 17 0 66 1 18 9 67 5 19 7 66 2 19 0 61 5 16 4 54 8 12 7 49 8 9 9 58 5 14 7 Mean minimum F C 43 7 6 5 46 1 7 8 48 7 9 3 51 9 11 1 55 8 13 2 59 3 15 2 63 0 17 2 63 9 17 7 61 8 16 6 55 5 13 1 48 2 9 0 43 0 6 1 42 6 5 9 Record low F C 25 4 34 1 36 2 39 4 45 7 50 10 54 12 54 12 50 10 43 6 36 2 32 0 25 4 Average rainfall inches mm 1 98 50 2 20 56 1 46 37 0 65 17 0 28 7 1 0 05 1 3 0 08 2 0 0 01 0 25 0 12 3 0 0 50 13 0 79 20 1 67 42 9 79 249 Average rainy days 0 01 in 6 5 7 1 6 2 3 8 2 2 0 7 0 7 0 3 0 9 2 4 3 7 5 8 40 3Average relative humidity 63 1 65 7 67 3 67 0 70 6 74 0 74 6 74 1 72 7 69 4 66 3 63 7 69 0Average dew point F C 42 8 6 0 45 3 7 4 47 3 8 5 49 5 9 7 53 1 11 7 57 0 13 9 61 2 16 2 62 4 16 9 60 6 15 9 55 6 13 1 48 6 9 2 43 2 6 2 52 2 11 2 Mean monthly sunshine hours 239 3 227 4 261 0 276 2 250 5 242 4 304 7 295 0 253 3 243 4 230 1 231 3 3 054 6Percent possible sunshine 75 74 70 71 58 57 70 71 68 69 73 74 69Source NOAA sun relative humidity and dew point 1961 1990 30 31 32 Mean monthly maxima and minima i e the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020 Official precipitation records for San Diego were kept at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from October 1850 to December 1859 at the Mission San Diego and from November 1871 to June 1939 and a variety of buildings at downtown and at San Diego Int l Lindbergh Field since July 1939 29 Temperature records however only date from October 1874 For more information on data coverage see ThreadEx Adjacent counties and municipalities Edit San Diego Orange Riverside Imperial Tijuana Baja California Mexico Tecate Baja California Mexico PacificOcean Counties adjacent to San Diego County California Beach at Border State Park San Diego is on the right while Tijuana is on the left Border fence between Tijuana right and San Diego s border patrol offices left National protected areas Edit Cabrillo National Monument Cleveland National Forest part San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex 33 which includes San Diego National Wildlife Refuge 34 San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge 35 Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge 36 Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge located in Orange County 37 There are seven official wilderness areas in San Diego County that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System Four of these are integral parts of Cleveland National Forest whereas three are managed by the Bureau of Land Management Some of these extend into neighboring counties as indicated below Otay Mountain Wilderness BLM Pine Creek Wilderness Cleveland National Forest Hauser Wilderness Cleveland National Forest Carrizo Gorge Wilderness BLM Sawtooth Mountains Wilderness BLM Agua Tibia Wilderness Cleveland National Forest partly in Riverside County San Mateo Canyon Wilderness Cleveland National Forest mostly in Riverside CountyState parks and protected areas Edit Anza Borrego Desert State Park part Torrey Pines State Reserve Cuyamaca Rancho State Park Palomar Mountain State Park San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park Old Town San Diego State Historic Park Border Field State Park Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve San Onofre State Beach Moonlight State Beach Carlsbad State Beach South Carlsbad State Beach Leucadia State Beach San Elijo State Beach Cardiff State Beach Torrey Pines State Beach Silver Strand State Beach Mountains Edit Cuyamaca Mountains In Ko Pah Mountains Jacumba Mountains Laguna Mountains Palomar Mountain Peninsular Ranges San Ysidro Mountains Santa Ana Mountains Volcan Mountains There are 236 mountain summits and peaks in San Diego County 38 including Black Mountain Cuyamaca Peak second highest point in San Diego County Cowles Mountain highest point in the city of San Diego Mount Helix Hot Springs Mountain highest point in San Diego County Margarita Peak Mount Soledad Stonewall Mountain El Cajon Mountain Bays and lagoons Edit Buena Vista Lagoon Agua Hedionda Lagoon Batiquitos Lagoon San Elijo Lagoon Los Penasquitos Lagoon Mission Bay San Diego Bay Lakes Edit Lake Cuyamaca Lake Hodges Santee Lakes Sweetwater Reservoir Upper Otay Reservoir Lower Otay Reservoir Lake Wohlford El Capitan Reservoir Sutherland Reservoir Lake Henshaw Lake Murray San Vicente Reservoir Lake Jennings Barrett Dam Natural Rock Tanks Little Laguna Lake Big Laguna Lake Big Lake Twin Lakes Jean Lake Lost Lake Swan Lake Lake Miramar Lake Poway Dixon Lake Lindo LakeRivers Edit San Diego River San Luis Rey River San Dieguito River Sweetwater River Otay River Tijuana River Tijuana River Mouth State Marine Conservation Area Santa Margarita RiverEnvironmental risks Edit San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station More than 1 700 tons of radioactive waste are stored at San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station 39 which sits in an area where there is a record of past tsunamis 40 41 Demographics EditMain article Demographics of San Diego County California Since at least 2014 San Diego County is the fifth most populous county in the United States 42 In 2000 only about 3 of San Diego County residents left the county for work while 40 000 people commuted into the metropolitan area 43 Ethnic origins in San Diego County Historical population CensusPop Note 1850798 18604 324441 9 18704 95114 5 18808 01861 9 189034 987336 4 190035 0900 3 191061 66575 7 1920112 24882 0 1930209 65986 8 1940289 34838 0 1950556 80892 4 19601 033 01185 5 19701 357 85431 4 19801 861 84637 1 19902 498 01634 2 20002 813 83312 6 20103 095 31310 0 20203 298 6346 6 2022 est 3 276 208 0 7 U S Decennial Census 44 1790 1960 45 1900 1990 46 1990 2000 47 2010 48 2020 49 2022 50 51 2020 census Edit San Diego County California Demographic Profile NH Non Hispanic Race Ethnicity Pop 2010 48 Pop 2020 49 2010 2020White alone NH 1 500 047 1 422 205 48 46 43 11 Black or African American alone NH 146 600 145 014 4 74 4 40 Native American or Alaska Native alone NH 14 098 12 841 0 46 0 39 Asian alone NH 328 058 400 589 10 60 12 14 Pacific Islander alone NH 13 504 12 991 0 44 0 39 Some Other Race alone NH 6 715 18 125 0 22 0 55 Mixed Race Multi Racial NH 94 943 167 240 3 07 5 07 Hispanic or Latino any race 991 348 1 119 629 32 03 33 94 Total 3 095 313 3 298 634 100 00 100 00 Note the US Census treats Hispanic Latino as an ethnic category This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category Hispanics Latinos can be of any race Racial and Ethnic Composition since 1960 Edit Racial and ethnic composition 2020 52 2010 52 2000 citation needed 1990 citation needed 1980 citation needed 1970 citation needed 1960 citation needed White non Hispanic 43 1 48 5 55 0 65 3 73 8 Hispanic or Latino of any race 33 9 32 0 26 7 20 4 14 7 12 8 Asian non Hispanic 12 1 10 6 8 8 7 9 1 1 Black or African American non Hispanic 4 4 4 7 5 7 6 3 5 6 4 5 3 8 Native American non Hispanic 0 4 0 5 0 8 0 8 0 3 Pacific Islander non Hispanic 0 4 0 4 0 5 Mixed Race non Hispanic 5 1 3 1 4 7 Population race and income 2011 Total population 53 3 060 849 White 53 2 182 604 71 3 Hispanic or Latino of any race 54 967 858 31 6 Asian 53 333 314 10 9 Black or African American 53 154 076 5 0 American Indian or Alaska Native 53 20 597 0 7 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 53 14 266 0 5 Some other race 53 220 000 7 2 Two or more races 53 135 992 4 4 Per capita income 55 30 955Median household income 56 63 857Median family income 57 74 633Historical population CensusPop Note 1850798 18604 324441 9 18704 95114 5 18808 01861 9 189034 987336 4 190035 0900 3 191061 66575 7 1920112 24882 0 1930209 65986 8 1940289 34838 0 1950556 80892 4 19601 033 01185 5 19701 357 85431 4 19801 861 84637 1 19902 498 01634 2 20002 813 83312 6 20103 095 31310 0 20203 298 6346 6 U S Decennial Census 58 1790 1960 45 1900 1990 46 1990 2000 47 2010 2018 59 2020 census 7 This section needs to be updated The reason given is Newer information is available from the 2020 census report Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information November 2021 Race Edit See also Demographics of Filipino Americans San Diego County The 2010 United States Census reported that San Diego County had a population of 3 095 313 The racial makeup of San Diego County was 1 981 442 64 0 White 158 213 5 1 African American 26 340 0 9 Native American 336 091 10 9 Asian 4 7 Filipino 1 6 Vietnamese 1 4 Chinese 3 2 Other Asian 15 337 0 5 Pacific Islander 419 465 13 6 from other races and 158 425 5 0 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino of any race were 991 348 people 32 0 60 Including those of mixed race the total number of residents with Asian ancestry was 407 984 61 As of 2009 the racial makeup of the county was 79 4 White American 5 6 Black or African American 1 Native American 10 4 Asian 0 5 Pacific Islander 10 3 from other races and 3 6 from two or more races 31 3 of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race 67 0 spoke only English at home 21 9 spoke Spanish 3 1 Tagalog and 1 2 Vietnamese Other demographics Edit As of 2018 Census Bureau estimates there were 3 343 364 people 1 067 846 households and 663 449 families residing in the county The population density was 670 inhabitants per square mile 260 km2 There were 1 142 245 housing units at an average density of 248 per square mile 96 km2 In 2000 there were 994 677 households out of which 33 9 had children under the age of 18 living with them 50 7 were married couples living together 11 6 had a female householder with no husband present and 33 3 were non families 24 2 of all households were made up of individuals and 7 9 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 73 and the average family size was 3 29 As of 2000 in the county the population was spread out with 25 7 under the age of 18 11 30 from 18 to 24 32 0 from 25 to 44 19 8 from 45 to 64 and 11 2 who were 65 years of age or older The median age was 33 years For every 100 females there were 101 2 males For every 100 females age 18 and over there were 99 7 males In 2012 it was estimated that there were 198 000 unauthorized immigrants the origin of the plurality of them is Mexico 62 In 2018 the median household income was 70 824 most people spend more than 30 of their income on housing costs 63 In August of that year the median home price was 583 000 this is lower than the median home price in Los Angeles and Orange counties 64 Income Edit According to the 2000 Census the median income for a household in the county was 47 067 and the median income for a family was 53 438 Males had a median income of 36 952 versus 30 356 for females The per capita income for the county was 22 926 About 8 9 of families and 12 4 of the population were below the poverty line including 16 5 of those under age 18 and 6 8 of those age 65 or over Much of the county s high income residents are concentrated in the northern part of the city of San Diego The San Diego metropolitan area has two places with both a population of over 50 000 and a per capita income of over 40 000 Carlsbad and Encinitas The county s largest continuous high income urban area is a triangle from a first point on the northern edge of Carlsbad a second point southeast of Escondido and a third point on the southern edge of La Jolla It contains all or most of the cities of Carlsbad Encinitas Solana Beach Del Mar and Poway in addition to a substantial portion of northern San Diego 65 Homelessness Edit According to a Point In Time count taken for the San Diego Regional Task Force on the Homeless there were 8 576 homeless individuals on January 6 2018 a 6 decrease from 2017 3 586 were sheltered and 4 990 were not 4 912 75 3 were in the city of San Diego North County Inland had 1 153 13 4 North County Coastal with 822 homeless 9 6 602 7 were found in South County and 1 087 12 7 in East County 66 Religion Edit According to the Pew Research Center as of 2014 update 68 of adults in the county are Christian of whom 32 are Catholic 27 were unaffiliated and 5 adhered to a Non Christian faith 67 According to the University of Southern California in 2010 the largest faith in the county was Catholicism followed by Nondenominational Christians and Mormons 68 In 2014 the county had 978 religious organizations the seventh most out of all US counties 69 Immigration data Edit In 2014 according to Pew Research Center there are about 170 000 illegal aliens living in the region 70 San Diego has been a destination for trafficked minors from Mexico and the Philippines 71 In 2018 the United States Border Patrol caught an average of over a hundred individuals crossing the border illegally each day 72 Economy EditSan Diego County and Imperial County are part of the Southern Border Region one of nine such regions As a regional economy the Southern Border Region is the smallest but most economically diverse region in the state However the two counties maintain weak relations and have little in common aside from their common border 73 The region has a high cost of living 74 This includes the highest cost of water in the United States 75 As of 2018 update San Diego County is within the top ten highest cost of rent in the United States 76 this has led to people moving out of the county 77 Agriculture Edit San Diego County s agriculture industry was worth 1 85 billion in 2013 78 and is one of the top five egg producing counties in the United States 79 In 2013 San Diego County also had the most small farms of any county in the United States and had the 19th largest agricultural economy of any county in the United States 80 According to the San Diego Farm Bureau San Diego County is the United States leading producer of avocados and nursery crops 81 Until the early 20th century San Diego County had a thriving wine industry however the 1916 Charles Hatfield flood was the beginning of the end of the industry which included the destruction of the Daneri winery in Otay Valley 82 As of October 2016 update there are roughly one hundred vineyards and wineries in San Diego County 83 By the 2019 2020 statistical survey California Department of Food amp Agriculture cdfa found that the nursery trade dominated the county s agriculture by dollar value 84 Second place went to avocado production 84 Breweries Edit Main article Beer in San Diego County California The county has been called the Craft Beer Capital of America 85 Brewing has been one of the fastest growing business sectors with local breweries ranking among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States and breweries that are consistently rated among the top breweries in the world Cannabis Edit Further information Cannabis in California Commercial operations to grow test or sell cannabis are not allowed in the unincorporated areas of the county Companies must be licensed by the local agency to operate and each city or county may authorize none or only some of these activities Local governments may not prohibit adults who are in compliance with state laws from growing using or transporting marijuana for personal use 86 Tourism Edit Horton Plaza before its demolition in 2020 Tourism plays a large part in the economics of the San Diego metropolitan area Tourists are drawn to the region for a well rounded experience everything from shopping to surfing as well as its mild climate Its numerous tourist destinations include Westfield UTC Seaport Village Westfield Mission Valley and Fashion Valley Mall for shopping SeaWorld San Diego and Legoland California as amusement parks Golf courses such as Torrey Pines Golf Course and Balboa Park Golf Course Museums such as the San Diego Museum of Man San Diego Museum of Art Reuben H Fleet Science Center San Diego Natural History Museum USS Midway Museum and the San Diego Air and Space Museum Historical places such as the Gaslamp Quarter Balboa Park and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park Wildlife refuges zoos and aquariums such as the Birch Aquarium at Scripps San Diego Zoo s Safari Park San Diego Zoo and San Diego La Jolla Underwater Park Outdoor destinations include the Peninsular Ranges for hiking biking mountainboarding and trail riding Surfing locations include Swami s Stone Steps Beach Torrey Pines State Beach Cardiff State Beach San Onofre State Beach and the southern portion of Black s Beach The region is host to the second largest cruise ship industry in California which generates an estimated 2 million annually from purchases of food fuel supplies and maintenance services 87 In 2008 the Port of San Diego hosted 252 ship calls and more than 800 000 passengers 88 Culture EditSee also Culture of San Diego The culture of San Diego is influenced heavily by American and Mexican cultures due to its position as a border town its large Hispanic population and its history as part of Spanish America and Mexico The area s longtime association with the U S military also contributes to its culture Present day culture includes many historical and tourist attractions a thriving musical and theatrical scene numerous notable special events a varied cuisine and a reputation as one of America s premier centers of craft brewing Sites of interest Edit Mount Laguna Observatory owned and primarily operated by San Diego State University Palomar Observatory owned and primarily operated by the California Institute of Technology The Ramona Valley wine producing region located 28 miles 45 km northeast of the city of San Diego San Diego Zoo Safari Park formerly known as the San Diego Wild Animal Park 35 miles 56 km north of the San Diego Zoo and east of Escondido Sea World of San Diego on Mission Bay Mission Bay Recreation Area including Fiesta Island a sheltered bay popular for water sports also known for the annual Over the line tournament Mission San Diego de Alcala the first of California s 21 Spanish missions It is an operating Roman Catholic parish and also is open for historical interest tours during the week It is located near the interchange of Interstates 8 and 15 Mission San Luis Rey founded on June 13 1798 by Padre Fermin Lasuen It is the 18th of the Spanish missions established in California It is an operating Roman Catholic parish and is open every day for historical interest tours It is located near Route 76 in the Oceanside area Balboa Park with numerous museums and other cultural locations just north of Downtown San Diego San Diego Zoo located in Balboa Park Presidio Park located on a bluff directly above Old Town a city historic park on the site of the San Diego Presidio the first European settlement in California San Diego Bay contains the aircraft carrier USS Midway now used as a memorial ship and as a floating museum and the eight floating museum ships of the San Diego Maritime Museum Harbor cruises sailing and sport fishing are also available San Diego Botanic Garden a 37 acre botanic oasis in the coastal community of Encinitas Features 4 miles of meandering trails 5 300 plant species and 29 uniquely themed gardens including the largest public bamboo collection in North America Legoland California a Lego theme park in Carlsbad Alta Vista Gardens is a Botanical Garden in Vista dedicated to bringing together People Nature amp Art Mount Ecclesia is a historic district noted for its singular architecture and the preservation of nature grounds and gardens offering a unique meditative walking experience It is located about a mile east of Interstate 5 in the Oceanside area San Dieguito County ParkSports EditSee also Sports in San Diego The most popular sports team in the San Diego metropolitan area is Major League Baseball MLB s San Diego Padres citation needed The college sports teams of the San Diego State Aztecs are also locally popular Major professional team Edit Club Sport Since League Venue capacity San Diego Padres Baseball 1969 a Major League Baseball MLB Petco Park 40 209 The Padres were originally founded in 1936 as a minor league team which played through 1968 when it gave way to the new current MLB Padres Other highest level professional teams Edit Club Sport Since League Venue capacity TitlesSan Diego Wave FC Soccer women s 2022 National Women s Soccer League NWSL Torero Stadium 6 000 a 89 San Diego Seals Lacrosse 2017 National Lacrosse League NLL Pechanga Arena 12 920 San Diego Legion Rugby union 2018 Major League Rugby MLR SDSU Sports Deck 3 000 b 90 San Diego Sockers Indoor soccer 1978 c Major Arena Soccer League MASL Pechanga Arena 12 000 d 15 e San Diego Strike Force Indoor football 2019 Indoor Football League IFL Pechanga Arena 12 000 San Diego Aviators Tennis 2014 f World TeamTennis WTT Omni La Costa Court 2 100 1 2016 g h San Diego Growlers Ultimate 2015 American Ultimate Disc League AUDL variesSan Diego Lions Australian football 1997 United States Australian Football League USAFL varies 2 2001 2006 San Diego Yacht Club Sailing 1886 America s Cup varies 3 1987 1988 1992 San Diego Swell Rugby league TBD i North American Rugby League NARL TBD Wave FC plans to move to Snapdragon Stadium capacity 35 000 upon the stadium s completion in September 2022 The Legion plans to move to Snapdragon Stadium capacity 35 000 in 2023 3rd San Diego Sockers iteration of highest level professional indoor soccer re founded in 2009 Previous teams San Diego Sockers 1978 1996 and San Diego Sockers 2001 2004 The Sockers plan to move to CaliFino Arena capacity 6 367 a newly constructed arena in Oceanside in 2023 91 Sockers franchise includes titles won by its previous iteration San Diego Sockers 1978 1996 in preceding top professional indoor soccer leagues The franchise s titles by league are as follows MASL 5 2010 2011 2012 2013 2021 MISL 8 1983 1985 1986 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 NASL Indoor 2 1982 1984 Franchise was founded in 1995 in New York City relocated to San Diego in 2014 Does not include 2 titles 2005 amp 2008 won by the franchise before relocating from New York to San Diego The city s previous WTT franchise the San Diego Buds additionally won 2 titles 1984 amp 1985 The Swell was announced in March 2021 as one of 14 league foundation teams however its first season was postponed along with the rest of the entire announced Western Division 92 Minor league professional teams Edit Club Sport Since League Venue capacity Competition TierSan Diego Gulls Ice hockey 1966 a American Hockey League AHL Pechanga Arena 12 920 2San Diego Loyal SC Soccer 2020 USL Championship USLC Torero Stadium 6 000 2Albion SC San Diego Soccer 2019 National Independent Soccer Association NISA varies 3 4th San Diego Gulls iteration of minor league professional ice hockey re founded in 2015 Previous teams San Diego Gulls 1966 1974 San Diego Gulls 1990 1995 amp San Diego Gulls 1995 2006 College teams Edit The San Diego State Aztecs MW the San Diego Toreros WCC and the UC San Diego Tritons BWC are NCAA Division I teams The Cal State San Marcos Cougars CCAA and Point Loma Nazarene Sea Lions PacWest are members of NCAA Division II while the San Diego Christian Hawks GSAC and Saint Katherine Firebirds CalPac are a member of the NAIA Club University Enrollment League Primary conferenceSan Diego State Aztecs San Diego State University 34 828 NCAA Division I FBS Mountain West ConferenceSan Diego Toreros University of San Diego 8 328 NCAA Division I FCS West Coast ConferenceUC San Diego Tritons University of California San Diego 38 798 NCAA Division I Big West ConferenceCal State San Marcos Cougars California State University San Marcos 13 893 NCAA Division II California Collegiate Athletic AssociationPoint Loma Nazarene Sea Lions Point Loma Nazarene University 3 480 NCAA Division II Pacific West ConferenceSan Diego Christian Hawks San Diego Christian College 681 NAIA Golden State Athletic ConferenceSaint Katherine Firebirds University of Saint Katherine 300 NAIA California Pacific ConferenceGovernment Edit San Diego County Administration Center Main article Government of San Diego County California See also San Diego County Water Authority The Government of San Diego County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution California law and the Charter of the County of San Diego 93 Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of San Diego County The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration law enforcement jails vital records property records tax collection public health and social services In addition the County serves as the local government for all unincorporated areas 94 Some chartered cities such as San Diego and Chula Vista provide municipal services such as police public safety libraries parks and recreation and zoning Other cities such as Del Mar and Vista arrange to have the County provide some or all of these services on a contract basis The county government is composed of the elected five member Board of Supervisors several other elected offices and officers Office Official PartyClerk Ernest J Dronenburg Jr RepublicanDistrict Attorney Summer Stephan RepublicanSheriff Anthony RayTreasurer Dan McAllister Republicanand numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the Chief Administrative Officer such as the Probation Department In addition several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with San Diego County such as the San Diego Superior Court Under its foundational Charter the five member elected San Diego County Board of Supervisors is the county legislature The board operates in a legislative executive and quasi judicial capacity As a legislative authority it can pass ordinances for the unincorporated areas ordinances that affect the whole county like posting of restaurant ratings must be ratified by the individual city As an executive body it can tell the county departments what to do and how to do it As a quasi judicial body the Board is the final venue of appeal in the local planning process As of January 2021 the members of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors are 95 District Supervisor Party1 Nora Vargas Vice Chair Democrat2 Joel Anderson Republican3 Terra Lawson Remer Democrat4 Nathan Fletcher chair Democrat5 Jim Desmond RepublicanFor several decades ending in 2013 all five supervisors were Republican white graduates of San Diego State University and had been in office since 1995 or earlier The Board was criticized for this homogeneity which was made possible because supervisors draw their own district lines and are not subject to term limits 96 In 2010 voters put term limits in place but they only apply going forward so that each incumbent supervisor can serve an additional two terms before being termed out 97 That pattern was broken in 2013 when Slater Price retired she was replaced by Democrat Dave Roberts who won election to the seat in November 2012 and was inaugurated in January 2013 98 The San Diego County Code is the codified law of San Diego County in the form of ordinances passed by the Board of Supervisors The Administrative Code establishes the powers and duties of all officers and the procedures and rules of operation of all departments The county motto is The noblest motive is the public good County government offices are housed in the historic County Administration Center Building constructed in 1935 1938 with funding from the Works Progress Administration 99 Politics EditSan Diego County registered voters 2019 100 Total population 53 3 338 330 Registered voters 101 1 747 383 52 3 Democratic 623 925 35 7 Republican 475 149 27 2 Democratic Republican spread 148 776 8 5 No party preference 552 538 31 6 American Independent 55 800 3 2 Libertarian 16 355 0 9 Other 11 474 0 7 Green 6 887 0 4 Peace and Freedom 5 255 0 3 Main article Politics of San Diego County Voting Edit With its prominent armed forces presence San Diego County historically has been a Republican stronghold The Republican presidential nominee carried the county in every presidential election from 1948 through 2004 except in 1992 when Bill Clinton won a plurality In 2008 Barack Obama became the first Democratic presidential candidate to win a majority of votes in San Diego County since World War II upon his reelection in 2012 he again won a majority of the county votes In 2020 San Diego County voted in favor of the Democratic presidential candidate then Vice President Joe Biden by a margin of 22 8 the county s largest margin for a Democratic candidate since 1936 United States presidential election results for San Diego County California 102 Year Republican Democratic Third partyNo No No 2020 600 094 37 46 964 650 60 21 37 399 2 33 2016 477 766 36 43 735 476 56 07 98 376 7 50 2012 536 726 44 95 626 957 52 51 30 266 2 53 2008 541 032 43 79 666 581 53 95 27 890 2 26 2004 596 033 52 45 526 437 46 33 13 881 1 22 2000 475 736 49 63 437 666 45 66 45 232 4 72 1996 402 876 45 57 389 964 44 11 91 311 10 33 1992 352 125 35 69 367 397 37 24 267 124 27 07 1988 523 143 60 19 333 264 38 34 12 788 1 47 1984 502 344 65 30 257 029 33 41 9 894 1 29 1980 435 910 60 81 195 410 27 26 85 546 11 93 1976 353 302 55 74 263 654 41 60 16 839 2 66 1972 371 627 61 82 206 455 34 34 23 055 3 84 1968 261 540 56 26 167 669 36 07 35 654 7 67 1964 214 445 50 31 211 808 49 69 33 0 01 1960 223 056 56 41 171 259 43 31 1 106 0 28 1956 195 742 64 47 106 716 35 15 1 147 0 38 1952 186 091 63 50 105 255 35 92 1 688 0 58 1948 101 552 49 43 98 217 47 80 5 690 2 77 1944 75 746 45 42 89 959 53 94 1 059 0 64 1940 55 434 43 27 71 188 55 57 1 488 1 16 1936 35 686 35 04 64 628 63 45 1 540 1 51 1932 35 305 41 46 45 622 53 58 4 223 4 96 1928 47 769 67 14 22 749 31 97 633 0 89 1924 22 726 48 99 2 944 6 35 20 721 44 67 1920 19 826 63 78 8 478 27 27 2 783 8 95 1916 16 978 46 47 16 815 46 02 2 744 7 51 1912 63 0 29 9 731 44 79 11 934 54 92 1908 5 412 57 56 2 393 25 45 1 598 16 99 1904 4 303 59 52 1 398 19 34 1 529 21 15 1900 3 800 54 91 2 678 38 69 443 6 40 1896 3 631 46 86 3 908 50 44 209 2 70 1892 3 525 45 71 2 334 30 26 1 853 24 03 1888 4 661 56 88 3 189 38 92 344 4 20 1884 1 120 57 00 800 40 71 45 2 29 1880 743 56 80 546 41 74 19 1 45 The City of San Diego itself is more Democratic than the County average and has largely voted Democrat in each presidential election since 1992 certain areas and cities within the county are swing areas and have split their votes in post 2000 elections The county s Republican population gradually increases the further one travels away from the city center the Republican strongholds are more or less concentrated throughout the cities of La Jolla Coronado the regions of North County and East County the eastern backlands and remote mountain communities including Julian While these areas have been traditionally Republican all maintain a considerably varied population of Liberals Democrats Libertarians Independents and others One unique feature of the political scene is the use of Golden Hall a convention facility next to San Diego s City Hall as Election Central The County Registrar of Voters rents the hall to distribute election results Supporters and political observers gather to watch the results come in supporters of the various candidates parade around the hall carrying signs and chanting candidates give their victory and concession speeches and host parties for campaign volunteers and donors at the site and television stations broadcast live from the floor of the convention center 103 The atmosphere at Election Central on the evening of election day has been compared to the voting portion of a political party national convention 104 On November 4 2008 San Diego County voted 53 71 for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution effectively placing a ban on same sex marriages this proposition would restore Proposition 22 which was overturned by a ruling from the California Supreme Court However the City of San Diego along with the North County coastal cities of Del Mar Encinitas and Solana Beach voted against Proposition 8 La Mesa was a virtual tie for Prop 8 support while Carlsbad supported the referendum by only a 2 margin 105 Federal and state representation Edit In the U S House of Representatives San Diego County is split between five congressional districts 106 California s 48th congressional district represented by Republican Darrell Issa California s 49th congressional district represented by Democrat Mike Levin California s 50th congressional district represented by Democrat Scott Peters California s 51st congressional district represented by Democrat Sara Jacobs and California s 52nd congressional district represented by Democrat Juan Vargas In the California State Assembly San Diego County is split between seven legislative districts 107 the 71st Assembly District represented by Republican Kate Sanchez the 75th Assembly District represented by Republican Marie Waldron the 76th Assembly District represented by Democrat Brian Maienschein the 77th Assembly District represented by Democrat Tasha Boerner Horvath the 78th Assembly District represented by Democrat Chris Ward the 79th Assembly District represented by Democrat Akilah Weber and the 80th Assembly District represented by Democrat David Alvarez In the California State Senate San Diego County is split between four legislative districts 108 the 36th Senate District represented by Republican Janet Nguyen the 38th Senate District represented by Democrat Catherine Blakespear the 39th Senate District represented by Democrat Toni Atkins and the 40th Senate District represented by Republican Brian Jones Crime EditThe following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1 000 persons for each type of offense Population and crime ratesPopulation 53 3 060 849Violent crime 109 12 775 4 17 Homicide 109 75 0 02 Forcible rape 109 746 0 24 Robbery 109 4 033 1 32 Aggravated assault 109 7 921 2 59Property crime 109 43 525 14 22 Burglary 109 14 522 4 74 Larceny theft 109 note 1 41 278 13 49 Motor vehicle theft 109 13 938 4 55Arson 109 394 0 13Cities by population and crime rates Edit Cities by population and crime ratesCity Population 110 Violent crimes 110 Violent crime rateper 1 000 persons Property crimes 110 Property crime rateper 1 000 personsCarlsbad 107 879 265 2 46 2 109 19 55Chula Vista 249 830 581 2 33 5 081 20 34Coronado 19 345 20 1 03 504 26 05Del Mar 4 263 15 3 52 211 49 50El Cajon 101 864 365 3 58 2 414 23 70Encinitas 60 960 150 2 46 1 296 21 26Escondido 147 386 628 4 26 3 887 26 37Imperial Beach 26 956 147 5 45 471 17 47La Mesa 58 444 224 3 83 1 732 29 64Lemon Grove 25 932 137 5 28 434 16 74National City 59 920 371 6 19 1 863 31 09Oceanside 171 141 728 4 25 4 289 25 06Poway 48 968 94 1 92 559 11 42San Diego 1 338 477 5 529 4 13 31 700 23 68San Marcos 85 810 227 2 65 1 502 17 50Santee 54 700 154 2 82 1 109 20 27Solana Beach 13 181 24 1 82 313 23 75Vista 96 087 465 4 84 1 885 19 62Education EditSan Diego County contains three public state universities University of California San Diego San Diego State University and California State University San Marcos Major private universities in the county include University of San Diego USD Point Loma Nazarene University PLNU Alliant International University AIU and National University It also includes three law schools USD School of Law California Western School of Law and Thomas Jefferson School of Law Within the county there are 24 public elementary school districts 6 high school districts and 12 unified school districts There are also 5 community college districts 111 Several cities in the county maintain public library systems including the city of San Diego itself The San Diego County Library serves all other areas of the county In 2010 the county library had 33 branches and two bookmobiles circulated over 10 7 million books CDs DVDs and other material formats recorded 5 7 million visits to library branches and hosted 21 132 free programs and events The San Diego County Library is one of the 25 busiest libraries in the nation as measured by materials circulated 112 113 Community College Districts Edit Grossmont Cuyamaca Community College District MiraCosta Community College District Palomar Community College District San Diego Community College District Southwestern Community College DistrictK 12 schools Edit School districts 114 K 12 unified Borrego Springs Unified School District Bonsall Unified School District Carlsbad Unified School District Coronado Unified School District Mountain Empire Unified School District Oceanside Unified School District Poway Unified School District Ramona City Unified School District San Diego City Unified School District San Marcos Unified School District Vista Unified School District Valley Center Pauma Unified School District Warner Unified School District Secondary Escondido Union High School District Fallbrook Union High School District Grossmont Union High School District Julian Union High School District San Dieguito Union High School District Sweetwater Union High School District Elementary Alpine Union Elementary School District Cajon Valley Union Elementary School District Cardiff Elementary School District Chula Vista Elementary School District Dehesa Elementary School District Del Mar Union Elementary School District Encinitas Union Elementary School District Escondido Union Elementary School District Fallbrook Union Elementary School District Jamul Dulzura Union Elementary School District Julian Union Elementary School District La Mesa Spring Valley School District Lakeside Union Elementary School District Lemon Grove Elementary School District National Elementary School District Rancho Santa Fe Elementary School District San Pasqual Union Elementary School District San Ysidro Elementary School District Santee School District Solana Beach Elementary School District South Bay Union School District Spencer Valley Elementary School District Vallecitos Elementary School DistrictMilitary Edit USS Decatur DDG 73 San Diego is the headquarters of the U S Navy s Eleventh Naval District and is the Navy s principal location for West Coast and Pacific Ocean operations 115 Naval Base San Diego California is principal home to the Pacific Fleet although the headquarters is located in Pearl Harbor NAS North Island is located on the north side of Coronado and is home to Headquarters for Naval Air Forces and Naval Air Force Pacific the bulk of the Pacific Fleet s helicopter squadrons and part of the West Coast aircraft carrier fleet The Naval Special Warfare Center is the primary training center for SEALs and is also located on Coronado The area contains five major naval bases and the U S Marines base Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton is the major West Coast base of the United States Marine Corps and serves as its prime amphibious training base 116 It is located on the Southern California coast bordered by Oceanside to the south San Clemente to the north and Fallbrook to the east U S Navy Edit Naval Base San Diego also known as 32nd Street Naval Station Naval Amphibious Base Coronado Naval Air Station North Island Naval Base Point Loma which includes the Submarine Base and the Fleet Antisubmarine Warfare Training Center Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command SPAWAR Naval Medical Center San Diego also known as Bob Wilson Naval Hospital and Balboa Naval HospitalU S Marine Corps Edit Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton Marine Corps Air Station Miramar Marine Corps Recruit Depot San DiegoU S Coast Guard Edit Coast Guard Air Station San DiegoU S Air Force Edit San Diego Air National Guard Station which is home to the 147th Combat Communications Squadron Media EditSan Diego County is primarily served by media in San Diego including TV and radio stations based in the city Newspapers Edit San Diego County is served by many newspapers The major regional paper is The San Diego Union Tribune also known as U T San Diego or just The U T by locals is ranked 23rd in the country by daily circulation as of March 2013 117 The Union Tribune serves both San Diego County and neighboring Imperial County The former North County Times based in Escondido and serving portions of Riverside County and North County was purchased by the Union Tribune in 2012 and closed down For about a year after absorbing the North County Times the Union Tribune published a North County edition 118 but the regional edition was later abandoned 119 The Los Angeles Times is also delivered in portions of the county Many of the area s cities towns and neighborhoods have their own local newspapers the Union Tribune bought eight local weeklies in 2013 and is continuing to publish them as independent local newspapers 119 The San Diego Daily Transcript reports business and legal news Privately published papers like the Military Press Newspaper and the Navy Dispatch serve the military community both on and off base Other media Edit County Television Network is a public access television cable channel offering a hometown blend of C SPAN the Lifetime History Travel and Discovery channels for the county and funded by fees paid by cable companies 120 Transportation EditMain article Transportation in San Diego County Major highways Edit Interstate 5 Interstate 8 Interstate 15 Interstate 805 State Route 11 State Route 15 State Route 52 State Route 54 State Route 56 State Route 67 State Route 75 State Route 76 State Route 78 State Route 79 State Route 94 State Route 125 State Route 163 State Route 188 State Route 282 State Route 905 Border crossings to Mexico Edit San Ysidro Port of Entry Otay Mesa Port of Entry Otay Mesa East Port of Entry projected opening 2024 Tecate Port of EntryRailroads Edit vteSan Diego CountyLegendStation diagramMetrolinkto Los Angeles amp San Bernardino Amtrakto San Luis Obispo Oceanside Transit Center Coast Highway Crouch StreetCarlsbad Village El Camino Real Rancho Del Oro College BoulevardCarlsbad Poinsettia Melrose Drive Vista Transit Center Civic Center Vista Buena CreekEncinitas Palomar College San Marcos Civic Center Cal State San Marcos Solana Beach Nordahl Road Escondido Transit Center Sorrento Valley UCSD West Pepper Canyon UCSD East Voigt DriveVA Medical Center Executive DriveNobel Drive University Towne Center Balboa Avenue Transit Center Clairemont Drive Tecolote Road Morena Linda Vista Old Town Transit Center Fashion ValleyTransit CenterWashington Street Hazard CenterMiddletown County Center Little Italy Mission Valley Center Santa Fe Depot America Plaza Rio VistaCourthouse Civic Center Fifth Avenue Fenton ParkwayCity College Park amp Market Qualcomm StadiumSeaport Village Convention Center Mission San DiegoGaslamp Quarter Grantville 12th amp Imperial Transit Center San Diego State UniversityTransit CenterStorage amp Maintenance Yard Alvarado Medical CenterBarrio Logan Harborside 25th amp CommercialPacific Fleet 32nd amp Commercial8th Street 47th Street24th Street Euclid AvenueBayfront E Street Encanto 62nd StreetH Street Massachusetts AvenuePalomar Street Lemon Grove DepotPalm Avenue Spring StreetIris Avenue La Mesa BoulevardBeyer Boulevard 70th Street San Ysidro Transit Center Grossmont Transit Center Amaya Drive El Cajon Transit Center Arnele Avenue Gillespie Field Santee Town CenterAmtrak Pacific Surfliner Metrolink The Coaster San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway San Diego and Imperial Valley RailroadLight rail and local transit Edit San Diego Trolley San Diego Metropolitan Transit System SDMTS MTS Sprinter North County Transit District NCTD The Port of San Diego Edit Embarcadero San Diego Airports Edit City of San Diego Edit San Diego International Airport SAN a k a Lindbergh Field Montgomery Gibbs Executive Airport MYF Brown Field Municipal Airport SDM formerly East Field NAAS Otay Mesa and NAAS Brown Field Carlsbad Edit McClellan Palomar Airport CRQ a k a Palomar Airport or Carlsbad AirportEl Cajon Edit Gillespie Field SEE Oceanside Edit Oceanside Municipal Airport K0KB Unincorporated San Diego County Edit Agua Caliente Airport L54 Borrego Valley Airport L08 Fallbrook Community Airpark L18 Jacumba Airport L78 Ocotillo Airport L90 Ramona Airport RNM Communities Edit North County communities Coastal cities are in dark blue unincorporated coastal communities are in light blue Inland cities are in dark yellow unincorporated inland communities are in light yellow Parts of northern San Diego are sometimes considered part of North County as are much of the white areas north of the city East County communities in red In dark red are the cities and towns of Santee and El Cajon which mark the western edge of East County Unincorporated communities are in light red including Lakeside and Alpine South Bay communities of San Diego County The cities and towns of National City Chula Vista and Imperial Beach are in dark orange The unincorporated community of Bonita is in light orange San Ysidro and Otay Mesa neighborhoods of the city of San Diego are in pink Cities Edit City Year incorporated Population 2019 estimate 121 Carlsbad 1952 115 382Chula Vista 1911 274 492Coronado 1890 23 731Del Mar 1959 4 331El Cajon 1912 102 708Encinitas 1986 62 709Escondido 1888 151 625Imperial Beach 1956 27 440La Mesa 1912 59 249Lemon Grove 1977 26 811National City 1887 61 394Oceanside 1888 175 742Poway 1980 49 323San Diego county seat 1850 1 423 851San Marcos 1963 96 644Santee 1980 58 081Solana Beach 1986 13 296Vista 1963 101 638Former city Edit City Year incorporated Year dissolved FateEast San Diego 1912 1923 Merged into San DiegoCensus designated places Edit Alpine Bonita Bonsall Borrego Springs Bostonia Boulevard Campo Camp Pendleton Mainside Camp Pendleton South Casa de Oro Mount Helix Crest Del Dios Descanso Elfin Forest Eucalyptus Hills Fairbanks Ranch Fallbrook Granite Hills Harbison Canyon Harmony Grove Hidden Meadows Jacumba Hot Springs Jamul Julian Lake San Marcos Lakeside La Presa Mount Laguna Oak Grove Pala Pine Valley Potrero Rainbow Ramona Rancho San Diego Rancho Santa Fe San Diego Country Estates Spring Valley Valley Center Winter Gardens Unincorporated communities Edit 4S Ranch Agua Caliente Ballena Banner Casa de Oro Dehesa De Luz De Luz Heights Dulzura East Otay Mesa Flinn Springs Foster Guatay Jesmond Dene Jofegan Kentwood In The Pines Lincoln Acres Manzanita Ocotillo Wells Pala Mesa Palomar Mountain Pauma Valley Pine Hills Ranchita Rincon Santa Ysabel Shelter Valley Tecate Warner Springs Wynola Potential future incorporations and past efforts Edit Some CDP s and other unincorporated communities of San Diego County have explored incorporating as independent cities towns in the past some of which have seen efforts culminate in ballot initiatives Alpine Fallbrook Lakeside Ramona Rancho Santa Fe and Spring Valley have been tied to various incorporation studies organized efforts and discussions in the past 122 Voters in Fallbrook previously rejected incorporation in 1981 and 1987 123 Rancho Santa Fe residents also rejected incorporation in 1987 124 Among the existing cities of San Diego County some had multiple failed incorporation efforts before ultimately succeeding in becoming a city Lemon Grove for example saw incorporation measures fail in 1955 1958 and 1964 before a successful incorporation vote in 1977 125 Other cities have seen incorporation success thanks to mergers of neighboring unincorporated communities Encinitas for example became a city through a combined effort between the then unincorporated communities of Cardiff by the Sea Leucadia New Encinitas Old Encinitas and Olivenhain in 1986 126 Encinitas and Solana Beach in 1986 remain the most recent examples of successful campaigns for cityhood within the County of San Diego Indian reservations Edit San Diego County has 18 federally recognized Indian reservations more than any other county in the United States 127 Although they are typical in size to other Indian reservations in California many of which are termed Rancherias they are relatively tiny by national standards citation needed and all together total 200 2 sq mi 519 km2 of area Barona Indian Reservation Campo Indian Reservation Capitan Grande Reservation Ewiiaapaayp Indian Reservation Inaja and Cosmit Indian Reservation Jamul Indian Village La Jolla Indian Reservation La Posta Indian Reservation Los Coyotes Indian Reservation Manzanita Indian Reservation Mesa Grande Indian Reservation Pala Indian Reservation Pauma and Yuima Indian Reservation Rincon Indian Reservation San Pasqual Indian Reservation Santa Ysabel Indian Reservation Sycuan Indian Reservation Viejas Indian Reservation Population ranking Edit The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of San Diego County 128 129 county seat Rank City Town etc Population 2010 Census Population 2020 Census Municipal type1 San Diego 1 307 402 1 386 932 City2 Chula Vista 243 916 275 487 City3 Oceanside 167 086 174 068 City4 Escondido 143 911 151 038 City5 Carlsbad 105 328 114 746 City6 El Cajon 99 478 106 215 City7 Vista 93 834 98 381 City8 San Marcos 83 781 94 833 City9 Encinitas 59 518 62 007 City10 La Mesa 57 065 61 121 City11 Santee 53 413 60 037 City12 National City 58 582 56 173 City13 Poway 47 811 48 841 City14 La Presa 34 169 35 033 CDP15 Fallbrook 30 534 32 267 CDP16 Spring Valley 28 205 30 998 CDP17 Lemon Grove 25 320 27 627 City18 Imperial Beach 26 324 26 137 City19 Winter Gardens 20 631 22 380 CDP20 Rancho San Diego 21 208 21 858 CDP21 Ramona 20 292 21 468 CDP22 Lakeside 20 648 21 152 CDP23 Coronado 18 912 20 192 City24 Casa de Oro Mount Helix 18 762 19 576 CDP25 Bostonia 15 379 16 882 CDP26 Alpine 14 236 14 696 CDP27 Solana Beach 12 867 12 941 City28 Bonita 12 538 12 917 CDP29 Camp Pendleton South 10 616 12 468 CDP30 San Diego Country Estates 10 109 10 395 CDP31 Valley Center 9 277 10 087 CDP32 Camp Pendleton Mainside 5 200 9 683 CDP33 Jamul 6 163 6 179 CDP34 Eucalyptus Hills 5 313 5 517 CDP35 Lake San Marcos 4 437 5 328 CDP36 Bonsall 3 982 4 546 CDP37 Hidden Meadows 3 485 4 484 CDP38 Harbison Canyon 3 841 4 048 CDP39 Del Mar 4 161 3 954 City40 Granite Hills 3 035 3 267 CDP41 Rancho Santa Fe 3 117 3 156 CDP42 Borrego Springs 3 429 3 073 CDP43 Fairbanks Ranch 3 148 3 002 CDP44 Campo 2 684 2 955 CDP45 Crest 2 593 2 828 CDP46 Harmony Grove N A 2 079 CDP 130 47 Rainbow 1 832 1 884 CDP48 Julian 1 502 1 768 CDP49 Pine Valley 1 510 1 645 CDP50 Pala Indian Reservation 131 1 315 1 541 AIAN51 Descanso 1 423 1 499 CDP52 Pala N A 1 490 CDP53 San Pasqual Reservation 132 1 097 1 270 AIAN54 Rincon Reservation 133 1 215 1 095 AIAN55 Barona Reservation 134 640 756 AIAN56 Potrero 656 648 CDP57 Elfin Forest N A 600 CDP 135 58 Jacumba 561 540 CDP59 Viejas Reservation 136 520 538 AIAN60 Campo Indian Reservation 137 362 398 AIAN61 Del Dios N A 396 CDP 138 62 Boulevard 315 359 CDP63 Santa Ysabel Reservation 139 330 263 AIAN64 Sycuan Reservation 140 211 218 AIAN65 Pauma and Yuima Reservation 141 206 179 AIAN66 La Jolla Reservation 142 476 145 AIAN67 Manzanita Reservation 143 78 101 AIAN68 Mesa Grande Reservation 144 98 87 AIAN69 Mount Laguna 57 74 CDP70 La Posta Indian Reservation 145 55 50 AIAN71 Los Coyotes Reservation 146 98 15 AIANSee also Edit California portalList of breweries in San Diego County California List of high schools in San Diego County California List of media set in San Diego County California List of museums in San Diego County California List of school districts in San Diego County California List of United States counties and county equivalents National Register of Historic Places listings in San Diego County California San Diego Association of Governments SANDAG Notes Edit Only larceny theft cases involving property over 400 in value are reported as property crimes References Edit Chronology California State Association of Counties Retrieved February 6 2015 Chief Administrative Officer County of San Diego Retrieved January 31 2015 Board of Supervisors County of San Diego Retrieved January 12 2015 Home sangis org Hot Springs Mountain Peakbagger com Retrieved January 31 2015 GDP by County U S Bureau of Economic Analysis BEA Bea gov Retrieved December 12 2019 a b Quick Facts San Diego County California census gov Retrieved November 4 2021 Find a County National Association of Counties Retrieved June 7 2011 OMB Bulletin No 13 01 Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical Areas Micropolitan Statistical Areas and Combined Statistical Areas and Guidance on Uses of the Delineations of These Areas PDF United States Office of Management and Budget February 28 2013 Archived PDF from the original on January 21 2017 Retrieved March 20 2013 Table 1 Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas April 1 2010 to July 1 2012 2012 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Population Division March 2013 Archived from the original CSV on April 1 2013 Retrieved March 20 2013 Table 2 Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas April 1 2010 to July 1 2012 2012 Population Estimates United States Census Bureau Population Division March 2013 Archived from the original CSV on May 17 2013 Retrieved March 20 2013 climate map Koeppen geirger vu Rainfall Totals March Rain Not Enough to Pull from Drought Expert Says www nbcsandiego com Retrieved May 1 2022 KUMEYAAY RESEARCH DEPARTMENT USA American San Diego County Indian Reservations Tribes of Baja California Mexico Culture Kumeyaay info San Diego Historical Society Sandiegohistory org Journal of San Diego History October 1967 Sandiegohistory org San Diego de Alcala California Missions Resource Center Missionscalifornia com Archived from the original on June 10 2010 Retrieved April 18 2013 a b c d Coy Owen C PhD 1923 California County Boundaries Berkeley California Historical Commission ASIN B000GRBCXG 2010 Census Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau August 22 2012 Retrieved October 4 2015 wild san diego county April 17 2002 Archived from the original on April 17 2002 Retrieved February 17 2019 Gerber James ed Economic Profile of the San Diego Tijuana Region Characteristics for Investment and Governance Decisions Institute for Regional Studies of the Californias 1995 p 11 The California Chaparral Field Institute Archived from the original on June 23 2006 M Kottek J Grieser C Beck B Rudolf F Rubel 2006 World Map of the Koppen Geiger climate classification updated Meteorol Z 15 3 259 263 Bibcode 2006MetZe 15 259K doi 10 1127 0941 2948 2006 0130 Retrieved April 22 2009 California May Grey June Gloom meteora ucsd edu Archived from the original on June 13 2010 Retrieved April 18 2013 Monthly Averages for San Diego CA The Weather Channel Archived from the original on May 2 2009 Retrieved April 22 2009 Monthly Averages for El Cajon CA The Weather Channel Archived from the original on June 4 2011 Retrieved December 22 2017 Monthly Averages for Julian CA The Weather Channel Retrieved December 22 2017 Monthly Averages for Borrego Springs CA The Weather Channel Retrieved December 22 2017 Conner Glen History of weather observations San Diego California 1849 1948 Climate Database Modernization Program NOAA s National Climatic Data Center pp 7 8 NowData NOAA Online Weather Data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved June 14 2021 Summary of Monthly Normals 1991 2020 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved June 14 2021 San Diego Lindbergh Field CA Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved July 18 2020 About the refuge complex San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Retrieved June 7 2015 About the Refuge San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Retrieved June 7 2015 About the Refuge San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge Retrieved June 7 2015 About the Refuge Tijuana Slough National Wildlife Refuge Retrieved June 7 2015 About the Refuge Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Retrieved June 7 2015 Mountains in USA Mountainzone com How a nuclear stalemate left radioactive waste stranded on a California beach The Verge August 28 2018 Op Ed The San Onofre nuclear plant is a Fukushima waiting to happen Los Angeles Times August 15 2018 Coastal Panel Votes 10 0 to Allow Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel at San Onofre Times of San Diego July 16 2020 Jennewein Chris March 26 2015 San Diego Nation s 5th Most Populous County in 2014 Times of San Diego Retrieved March 22 2018 Mendelson Aaron March 26 2015 LA County is nation s most populous still KPCC Pasadena California San Diego County Commute PDF Calmis ca gov Census of Population and Housing from 1790 2000 US Census Bureau Retrieved January 24 2022 a b Historical Census Browser University of Virginia Library Retrieved October 4 2015 a b Forstall Richard L ed March 27 1995 Population of Counties by Decennial Census 1900 to 1990 United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 4 2015 a b Census 2000 PHC T 4 Ranking Tables for Counties 1990 and 2000 PDF United States Census Bureau April 2 2001 Retrieved October 4 2015 a b P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE 2010 DEC Redistricting Data PL 94 171 San Diego County California United States Census Bureau a b P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE 2020 DEC Redistricting Data PL 94 171 San Diego County California United States Census Bureau Cite error The named reference Census was invoked but never defined see the help page County Population Totals and Components of Change 2020 2022 County Population Totals 2020 2022 U S Census Bureau March 30 2023 Retrieved March 30 2023 a b Bureau US Census Race and Ethnicity in the United States 2010 Census and 2020 Census Census gov Retrieved August 24 2021 a b c d e f g h i j U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B02001 U S Census website Retrieved October 26 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B03003 U S Census website Retrieved October 26 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B19301 U S Census website Retrieved October 21 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B19013 U S Census website Retrieved October 21 2013 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Table B19113 U S Census website Retrieved October 21 2013 U S Decennial Census United States Census Bureau Retrieved October 4 2015 State amp County QuickFacts United States Census Bureau Archived from the original on August 9 2012 Retrieved April 6 2016 2010 Census P L 94 171 Summary File Data United States Census Bureau Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics 2010 American Fact Finder United States Census Bureau 2010 Archived from the original on February 14 2020 Retrieved April 10 2018 Sheldon X Zhang Karen J Bachar John Picarelli Yang Qin Irma Cordova Manuel Enrique Cristina Juarez Adan Ortiz Maria Stacey November 2012 Looking for a Hidden Population Trafficking of Migrant Laborers in San Diego County PDF Report San Diego State University pp 16 17 Retrieved September 12 2018 via United States Department of Justice Stebbins Samuel August 15 2018 Priced out of the market Cities where the middle class can no longer afford a home USA Today 24 7 Wall Street Retrieved August 15 2018 Molnar Phillip September 26 2018 New record San Diego home price hits 583K San Diego Union Tribune Retrieved October 4 2018 U S Census Bureau American Community Survey 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates Tables B01003 and B19025 U S Census website Retrieved October 26 2013 https www rtfhsd org wp content uploads 2017 06 2018 WPoint in Time Count Annual Report pdf San Diego Regional Task Force on the Homeless Retrieved March 4 2020 Adults in the San Diego metro area Religious Landscape Study Per Research Center 2014 Retrieved May 10 2018 San Diego County Center for Religion and Civic Culture University of Southern California September 17 2009 Retrieved May 10 2018 Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014 PennState College of Agricultural Sciences Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development December 8 2017 Retrieved December 30 2019 Stewart Joshua February 9 2017 San Diego home to 170k immigrants here illegally study shows San Diego Union Tribune Retrieved May 15 2018 Carpenter Ami Gates Jamie April 2016 The Nature and Extent of Gang Involvement in Sex Trafficking in San Diego County PDF Report United States Department of Justice p 14 Retrieved May 15 2018 Marosi Richard May 14 2018 The aggressive prosecution of border crossers is straining the courts Will zero tolerance make it worse Richmond Times Dispatch Los Angeles Times Retrieved May 15 2018 http search ca gov search q cache AtbaXur WaEJ www labor ca gov panel pdf CESP Regions 100606 pdf amp proxystylesheet xfix amp output xml no dtd amp client xfix permanent dead link Report Wages don t cover high cost of living for 33 of San Diegans KSWB TV San Diego City News Service January 31 2017 Retrieved May 4 2018 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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