Wakeboarding
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Wakeboarding is a water sport in which the rider, standing on a wakeboard (a board with foot bindings), is towed behind a motorboat across its wake and especially up off the crest in order to perform aerial maneuvers.[1] A hallmark of wakeboarding is the attempted performance of midair tricks. Wakeboarding was developed from a combination of water skiing, snowboarding and surfing techniques.
The rider is usually towed by a rope behind a boat, but can also be towed by cable systems and winches, and be pulled by other motorized vehicles like personal watercraft, cars, trucks, and all-terrain vehicles. The gear and wakeboard boat used are often personalized to each rider's liking.
Though natural watercourses such as rivers, lakes and areas of open water are generally used in wakeboarding, it is possible to wakeboard in unconventional locations, such as flooded roads and car parks, using a car as the towing vehicle.[2][3][4]
Wakeboarding is done for pleasure and competition, ranging from freestyle wakeboarding and wakeboard parks to wakeboard competitions at the X Games, WWA Wakeboard World Championships, or similar events.[5] Though it had an obscure start, it is now the world's fastest-growing water sport.[6]
History edit
Monowaterski edit
The sport that would later become wakeboarding began as water-skiing with monowaterskis (single waterskis) in the USA around 1950. The main difference between monowaterskis and contemporary wakeboards is the shape of the board and the stance.
Surfboards as Monoski edit
Wakesurfing - using surfboards as monowaterskis - began picking up traction around 1964, where it was seen as an "exciting new sport that's soon going to sweep the waterways."[7] Although surfboards were originally used, boards without straps or bindings were first seen in New Zealand with boards called "skurfboards".[citation needed] Eventually, wakeboards with bindings or straps were sold in Australia under the name "McSkis". Later, another company called "Skurfer" was founded by Tony Finn in 1985,[8] named as such due to the board being a cross of a surfboard and a water ski.[9] The first board made in the early 1990s was the Hyperlite board by the O’Brien company,[10] a water ski manufacturer who marketed the board as a “compression-molded neutral-buoyancy wakeboard.”[11] This was followed by a variety of boards that are curvier and more compact, creating a smoother ride.[11]
The wakeboard rope has advanced over the years with improvements in the material makeup. When wakeboarding first started, wakeboarders used ski rope, which was made with stretchy cloth or plastic ropes. The latter soon grew in popularity, and a braided rope made out of polypropylene was eventually introduced. A few years later[when?], a rope that was less stretchy was invented that gave the rider a more consistent pull on the rope, though they were heavier and larger in diameter. Modern ropes are coated with Spectra and Dyneema, which decrease the stretch and drag of the rope.
Equipment edit
When wakeboarding, a wide variety of safety equipment is used. These include life vests or other buoyancy aids which prevent water-related injuries and deaths, as they keep the wearer buoyant until they are picked up. These vests especially help in situations where the rider is knocked unconscious or cannot tread water.[12] Furthermore, wakeboarders use water-resistant helmets that are able to ventilate water so that the helmets do not fill up with water.[12] Even the length of a wakeboarder's rope is important in providing safety; if the rope is too long, a wakeboarder will land on the flat part of the wake instead of the downside, and their knees will buckle.
Wakeboards themselves are also important to consider when preparing to ride. Four of the most common wakeboard styles include the continuous rocker, the three-stage rocker, the five-stage rocker, and the hybrid rocker.[13] Rocker refers to the curve of the board from head to tail and each type of board has a different placement and amount of curve that works best for different types of rides. The presence or absence of fins on the bottom of a board can also make a drastic difference in how it rides. Beginning riders are usually better off with deeper fins. Another part of the wakeboard itself to consider is the size of the board and the material, which are usually a wood or foam core with a fiber glass coating.[14]
At the same time, the length of a wakeboarding rope will vary based on the rider's preferences. A longer rope may allow for more preparation and momentum before performing tricks,[15] whereas a shorter rope may require less speed and height to travel between wakes.[15] In addition to this, the material of the rope being used can make a significant difference in ride experience. The less stretch in the rope, the better it is for the rider to learn how to ride and do various tricks. Some of the best rope materials include Dyneema, Poly E, and Spectra. Each of these is known for its abrasion resistance, affordability and absorption, and durability respectively.[16]
At the same time, the length of a wakeboarding rope will vary based on the rider's preferences. A longer rope may allow for more preparation and momentum before performing tricks,[15] whereas a shorter rope may require less speed and height to travel between wakes.[15] In addition to this, the material of the rope being used can make a significant difference in ride experience. The less stretch in the rope, the better it is for the rider to learn how to ride and do various tricks. Some of the best rope materials include Dyneema, Poly E, and Spectra. Each of these is known for its abrasion resistance, affordability and absorption, and durability respectively.[17]
Tricks edit
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When wakeboarding, a variety of tricks may be attempted. Most of these stem from the wakeboarder adjusting their posture, edge, and distribution of weight so as to fly into the air upon hitting the wake.[18] Various tricks include the toeside edge,[18] the heelside edge,[19] the ride switch,[20] and the 180° spin.[21]
More advanced tricks call for what is known as inversion or “inverts”. An invert is considered any action where the board is above the head of the rider. This does not necessarily mean the rider is fully upside down, as evidenced by the Raley, a trick where the rider extends their body parallel to the water bending at the knees to achieve inversion.[22] The heel side backflip, otherwise known as a tantrum, is often regarded as the first and easiest invert to learn as an intermediate level rider. This is because the shape of the wake or the “kicker” (a type of floating ramp, used primarily at cable parks, that mimics the shape of a wake) naturally initiates the sequence of motions that are necessary to complete the trick.[23]
Community edit
There are many different ways that people are engaged in this sport. Popular brands like Byerly, Hyperlight, O'Brien and Ronix provide ever evolving technology and equipment as well as quality advice for new and seasoned riders alike. Some of these brands also have active social media presence to reach more people and get them into the sport.[24]
Relationship to Kitesurfing edit
Many movements and tricks in wakeboarding bear close resemblance to moves also found in kitesurfing. This is reflected in close similarities between wakeboards and twin-tip kitesurf-boards. Wakeboarding in wake- and waterski parks is thus often considered a more approachable wind-condition independent alternative to kitesurfing and has seen a surge in popularity in parallel to kitesurfing, especially in densely populated areas in Europe, such as Germany.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Definition of WAKEBOARD". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ^ "Wakeboarding on a flooded road". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
- ^ Watkins, James (2018-08-10). "Canoeing and wakeboarding in Guildford Bedford Road car park". SurreyLive. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
- ^ "Locals wakeboard and kayak down flooded Napier streets". TVNZ. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
- ^ "Wakeboard Pro Top 5 | FISE Montpellier 2019 | FISE". www.fise.fr. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
- ^ "USA Wakeboard". USA Water Ski and Wake Sports. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ Borden, Dick (April 1964). "Make the most of your wake... ride it". Popular Boating. Ziff-Davis Publishing Company. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
- ^ "TONY FINN | Inventor of wakeboarding |". Unleashed Wake Mag. 2016-12-11. Retrieved 2019-07-31.
- ^ "The History of Water Sports: Wakeboarding". www.montereyboats.com. Retrieved 2021-04-01.
- ^ "History of Wakeboarding: How it all got started". Groove vest. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ a b "Wakeboard". www.usawaterski.org. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
- ^ a b "What Essential Wakeboarding Gear Do I Need?". Mpora. Retrieved 2019-06-20.
- ^ "Wakeboarding". Pegasus. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "What are the common types of wakeboards". Wakesports Unlimited. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ a b c d "Adjusting your wakeboard rope is the best kept secret to crush your trick list". Humanoid Wakeboards. 2018-08-15. Retrieved 2019-06-20.
- ^ "Choosing a Tow Rope for Wakeboarding". Monster Tower. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ "Choosing a Tow Rope for Wakeboarding". Monster Tower. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
- ^ a b "Learn The Progressive Toeside Edge - Wakeboarder.com Wakeboarding News". www.wakeboarder.com. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
- ^ "Learn the Progressive Heelside Edge - Wakeboarder.com Wakeboarding News". www.wakeboarder.com. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
- ^ "Learning To Ride Switch - Wakeboarder.com Wakeboarding News". www.wakeboarder.com. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
- ^ "Progressive Steps to Learn 180s - Wakeboarder.com Wakeboarding News". www.wakeboarder.com. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
- ^ "Wakeboard Trick List". thewakeboardsite.com. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
- ^ "Wakeboarder.com Tricks and Tips - Tantrum". www.wakeboarder.com. Retrieved 2020-02-27.
- ^ "History of Wakeboarding". www.the-house.com. 6 April 2013. Retrieved 2022-02-16.