New Brunswick, New Jersey

This article is about the city in New Jersey. For the Canadian province, see New Brunswick. For other uses, see New Brunswick (disambiguation).

New Brunswick is a city in and the seat of government of Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.^[23] A regional commercial hub for central New Jersey, the city is both a college town (the home of Rutgers University, the state's largest university) and a commuter town for residents commuting to New York City within the New York metropolitan area.^[24] New Brunswick is on the Northeast Corridor rail line, 27 miles (43 km) southwest of Manhattan. The city is located on the southern banks of the Raritan River in the heart of the Raritan Valley region.

New Brunswick, New Jersey
City
The growing skyline of New Brunswick seen at sunset along the Raritan River, the longest river solely within New Jersey, 2012 Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, 2020 Albany Street southbound in New Brunswick, 2021 New Brunswick station, 2013 George Street Playhouse, 2011 Old Queens, the oldest extant building on the campus of Rutgers University, 2005 Raritan River Bridge, 2015 New Brunswick Performing Arts Center in the center of Downtown, 2022 Historic Middlesex County Courthouse (now a TD Bank) in Civic Square, 2015
logo
Nickname(s):  Hub City, Healthcare City
Location of New Brunswick in Middlesex County highlighted in red (left). Inset map: Location of Middlesex County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (right). Interactive map of New Brunswick, New Jersey
Census Bureau map of New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick Location in Middlesex County Show map of Middlesex County, New Jersey New Brunswick Location in New Jersey Show map of New Jersey New Brunswick Location in the United States Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 40°29′12″N 74°26′40″W / 40.486678°N 74.444414°W / 40.486678; -74.444414^[1]^[2]
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Middlesex
Established	December 30, 1730
Incorporated	September 1, 1784
Named for	Braunschweig, Germany, or King George II of Great Britain
Government ^[8]
• Type	Faulkner Act (mayor–council)
• Body	City Council
• Mayor	James M. Cahill (D, term ends December 31, 2026)^[3]^[4]
• Administrator	Michael Drulis^[5]^[6]
• Municipal clerk	Leslie Zeledón^[5]^[7]
Area ^[9]
• Total	5.75 sq mi (14.90 km^2)
• Land	5.23 sq mi (13.55 km^2)
• Water	0.52 sq mi (1.35 km^2)  9.06%
• Rank	264th of 565 in state 14th of 25 in county^[1]
Elevation ^[10]	62 ft (19 m)
Population  (2020)^[11]^[12]
• Total	55,266
• Estimate  (2022)^[11]^[13]^[14]	55,998
• Rank	32nd of 565 in state 6th of 25 in county^[15]
• Density	10,561.1/sq mi (4,077.7/km^2)
• Rank	712th in country (as of 2022)^[13] 37th of 565 in state 2nd of 25 in county^[15]
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Codes	08901–08906, 08933, 08989^[16]^[17]
Area code(s)	732/848 and 908^[18]
FIPS code	3402351210^[1]^[19]^[20]
GNIS feature ID	0885318^[1]^[21]
Website	www.cityofnewbrunswick.org
New Brunswick is the county seat for Middlesex County.

If I had to fall I wish it had been on the sidewalks of New York, not the sidewalks of New Brunswick, N.J.

— Alfred E. Smith to Lew Dockstader in December 1923 on Dockstader's fall at what is now the State Theater.^[22]

As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 55,266,^[11][12] an increase of 85 (+0.2%) from the 2010 census count of 55,181,^[25][26] which in turn reflected an increase of 6,608 (+13.6%) from the 48,573 counted in the 2000 census.^[27] The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated that the city's population was 55,998 in 2022,^[11] ranking the city the 712th-most-populous in the country.^[13] Due to the concentration of medical facilities in the area, including Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital and medical school, and Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick is known as both the Hub City and the Healthcare City.^[28][29] The corporate headquarters and production facilities of several global pharmaceutical companies are situated in the city, including Johnson & Johnson and Bristol Myers Squibb. New Brunswick has evolved into a major center for the sciences, arts, and cultural activities. Downtown New Brunswick is developing a growing skyline, filling in with new high-rise towers.

New Brunswick is noted for its ethnic diversity. At one time, one-quarter of the Hungarian population of New Jersey resided in the city, and in the 1930s one out of three city residents was Hungarian.^[30] The Hungarian community continues as a cohesive community, with the 3,200 Hungarian residents accounting for 8% of the population of New Brunswick in 1992.^[31] Growing Asian and Hispanic communities have developed around French Street near Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital.

History

Etymology

The area around present-day New Brunswick was first inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans, whose Minisink Trail intersected the Raritan River and followed a route that would be taken by later colonial roads.^[32] The first European settlement at the site of New Brunswick was made in 1681. The settlement here was called Prigmore's Swamp (1681–1697), then known as Inian's Ferry (1691–1714).^[33] In 1714, the settlement was given the name New Brunswick, after the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick in Low German), in the state of Lower Saxony, now located in Germany. Braunschweig was an influential and powerful city in the Hanseatic League and was an administrative seat for the Duchy of Hanover. Shortly after the first settlement of New Brunswick in colonial New Jersey, George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Elector of Hanover, became King George I of Great Britain. Alternatively, the city gets its name from King George II of Great Britain, the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.^[34][35]

Colonial and Early American periods

Centrally located between New York City and Philadelphia along an early thoroughfare known as the King's Highway and situated along the Raritan River, New Brunswick became an important hub for Colonial travelers and traders. New Brunswick was incorporated as a town in 1736 and chartered as a city in 1784.^[36] It was incorporated into a town in 1798 as part of the Township Act of 1798. It was occupied by the British in the winter of 1776–1777 during the Revolutionary War.^[37]

The Declaration of Independence received one of its first public readings, by Colonel John Neilson in New Brunswick on July 9, 1776, in the days following its promulgation by the Continental Congress.^[38][39][40] A bronze statue marking the event was dedicated on July 9, 2017, in Monument Square, in front of the Heldrich Hotel.^[41]

The Trustees of Queen's College (now Rutgers University), founded in 1766, voted by a margin of ten to seven in 1771 to locate the young college in New Brunswick, selecting the city over Hackensack, in Bergen County, New Jersey.^[42] Classes began in 1771 with one instructor, one sophomore, Matthew Leydt, and several freshmen at a tavern called the 'Sign of the Red Lion' on the corner of Albany and Neilson Streets (now the grounds of the Johnson & Johnson corporate headquarters); Leydt would become the university's first graduate in 1774 when he was the only member of the graduating class.^[43] The Sign of the Red Lion was purchased on behalf of Queens College in 1771, and later sold to the estate of Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh in 1791.^[44] Classes were held through the American Revolution in various taverns and boarding houses, and at a building known as College Hall on George Street, until Old Queens was completed and opened in 1811.^[45][46] It remains the oldest building on the Rutgers University campus.^[47] The Queen's College Grammar School (now Rutgers Preparatory School) was established also in 1766, and shared facilities with the college until 1830, when it located in a building (now known as Alexander Johnston Hall) across College Avenue from Old Queens.^[48] After Rutgers University became the state university of New Jersey in 1945,^[49] the Trustees of Rutgers divested itself of Rutgers Preparatory School, which relocated in 1957 to an estate purchased from Colgate-Palmolive in Franklin Township in neighboring Somerset County.^[50]

The New Brunswick Theological Seminary, founded in 1784 in New York, moved to New Brunswick in 1810, sharing its quarters with the fledgling Queen's College. (Queen's closed from 1810 to 1825 due to financial problems, and reopened in 1825 as Rutgers College.)^[51] The Seminary, due to overcrowding and differences over the mission of Rutgers College as a secular institution, moved to a tract of land covering 7 acres (2.8 ha) located less than 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) to the west, which it still occupies, although the land is now in the middle of Rutgers University's College Avenue Campus.^[52]

New Brunswick was formed by royal charter on December 30, 1730, within other townships in Middlesex and Somerset counties and was reformed by royal charter with the same boundaries on February 12, 1763, at which time it was divided into north and south wards. New Brunswick was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on September 1, 1784.^[36]

•  
  Old Queens, the oldest building at Rutgers University
•  
  Building the Streetcar line, c. 1885
•  
  Albany Street Bridge, 1903
•  
  Aerial view of New Brunswick, 1910

African-American community

Slavery in New Brunswick

The existence of an African American community in New Brunswick dates back to the 18th century, when racial slavery was a part of life in the city and the surrounding area. Local slaveholders routinely bought and sold African American children, women, and men in New Brunswick in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century. In this period, the Market-House was the center of commercial life in the city. It was located at the corner of Hiram Street and Queen Street (now Neilson Street) adjacent to the Raritan Wharf. The site was a place where residents of New Brunswick sold and traded their goods which made it an integral part of the city's economy. The Market-House also served as a site for regular slave auctions and sales.^[53]: 101

By the late-eighteenth century, New Brunswick became a hub for newspaper production and distribution. The Fredonian, a popular newspaper, was located less than a block away from the aforementioned Market-House and helped facilitate commercial transactions. A prominent part of the local newspapers were sections dedicated to private owners who would advertise their slaves for sale. The trend of advertising slave sales in newspapers shows that the New Brunswick residents typically preferred selling and buying slaves privately and individually rather than in large groups.^[53]: 103 The majority of individual advertisements were for female slaves, and their average age at the time of the sale was 20 years old, which was considered the prime age for childbearing. Slave owners would get the most profit from the women who fit into this category because these women had the potential to reproduce another generation of enslaved workers. Additionally, in the urban environment of New Brunswick, there was a high demand for domestic labor, and female workers were preferred for cooking and housework tasks.^[53]: 107

The New Jersey Legislature passed An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery in 1804.^[54] Under the provisions of this law, children born to enslaved women after July 4, 1804, would serve their master for a term of 21 years (for girls) or a term of 25 years (for boys), and after this term, they would gain their freedom. However, all individuals who were enslaved before July 4, 1804, would continue to be slaves for life and would never attain freedom under this law. New Brunswick continued to be home to enslaved African Americans alongside a growing community of free people of color. The 1810 United States Census listed 53 free Blacks and 164 slaves in New Brunswick.^[55]

African American spaces and institutions in the early 19th century

By the 1810s, some free African Americans lived in a section of the city called Halfpenny Town, which was located along the Raritan River by the east side of the city, near Queen (now Neilson) Street. Halfpenny Town was a place populated by free blacks as well as poorer whites who did not own slaves. This place was known as a social gathering for free blacks that was not completely influenced by white scrutiny and allowed free blacks to socialize among themselves. This does not mean that it was free from white eyes and was still under the negative effects of the slavery era.^[53]: 99 In the early decades of the nineteenth century, White and either free or enslaved African Americans shared many of the same spaces in New Brunswick, particularly places of worship. The First Presbyterian Church, Christ Church, and First Reformed Church were popular among both Whites and Blacks, and New Brunswick was notable for its lack of spaces where African Americans could congregate exclusively. Most of the time Black congregants of these churches were under the surveillance of Whites.^[53]: 113 That was the case until the creation of the African Association of New Brunswick in 1817.^{[53]: 114–115}

Both free and enslaved African Americans were active in the establishment of the African Association of New Brunswick, whose meetings were first held in 1817.^[53]: 112 The African Association of New Brunswick held a meeting every month, mostly in the homes of free blacks. Sometimes these meetings were held at the First Presbyterian Church. Originally intended to provide financial support for the African School of New Brunswick, the African Association grew into a space where blacks could congregate and share ideas on a variety of topics such as religion, abolition and colonization. Slaves were required to obtain a pass from their owner in order to attend these meetings. The African Association worked closely with Whites and was generally favored amongst White residents who believed it would bring more racial peace and harmony to New Brunswick.^{[53]: 114–115}

The African Association of New Brunswick established the African School in 1822. The African School was first hosted in the home of Caesar Rappleyea in 1823.^[53]: 114 The school was located on the upper end of Church Street in the downtown area of New Brunswick about two blocks away from the jail that held escaped slaves. Both free and enslaved Blacks were welcome to be members of the School.^[53]: 116 Reverend Huntington (pastor of the First Presbyterian Church) and several other prominent Whites were trustees of the African Association of New Brunswick. These trustees supported the Association which made some slave owners feel safe sending their slaves there by using a permission slip process.^[53]: 115 The main belief of these White supporters was that Blacks were still unfit for American citizenship and residence, and some trustees were connected with the American Colonization Society that advocated for the migration of free African Americans to Africa. The White trustees only attended some of the meetings of the African Association, and the Association was still unprecedented as a space for both enslaved and free Blacks to get together while under minimal supervision by Whites.^{[53]: 116–117}

The African Association appears to have disbanded after 1824. By 1827, free and enslaved Black people in the city, including Joseph and Jane Hoagland, came together to establish the Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church and purchased a plot of land on Division Street for the purpose of erecting a church building. This was the first African American church in Middlesex County. The church had approximately 30 members in its early years. The church is still in operation and is currently located at 39 Hildebrand Way. The street Hildebrand Way is named after the late Rev. Henry Alphonso Hildebrand, who was pastor of Mount Zion AME for 37 years, which is the longest appointment received by a pastor at Mount Zion AME.^[56]

Records from the April 1828 census, conducted by the New Brunswick Common Council, state that New Brunswick was populated with 4,435 white residents and 374 free African Americans. The enslaved population of New Brunswick in 1828 consisted of 57 slaves who must serve for life and 127 slaves eligible for emancipation at age 21 or 25 due to the 1804 Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery. Free and enslaved African Americans accounted for 11% of New Brunswick's population in 1828, a relatively high percentage for New Jersey.^[53]: 94 By comparison, as of the 1830 United States Census, African Americans made up approximately 6.4% of the total population of New Jersey.^[57]

Jail and curfew in the 19th century

In 1824, the New Brunswick Common Council adopted a curfew for free people of color. Free African Americans were not allowed to be out after 10 pm on Saturday night. The Common Council also appointed a committee of white residents who were charged with rounding up and detaining free African Americans who appeared to be out of place according to white authorities.^[53]: 98

New Brunswick became a notorious city for slave hunters, who sought to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Strategically located on the Raritan River, the city was also a vital hub for New Jersey's Underground Railroad. For runaway slaves in New Jersey, it served as a favorable route for those heading to New York and Canada. When African Americans tried to escape either to or from New Brunswick, they had a high likelihood of getting discovered and captured and sent to New Brunswick's jail, which was located on Prince Street, which by now is renamed Bayard Street.^[53]: 96

Hungarian community

 

The Committee of Hungarian Churches and Organizations of New Brunswick commemorating the anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956

New Brunswick has been described as the nation's "most Hungarian city", with Hungarian immigrants arriving in the city as early as 1888 and accounting for almost 20% of the city's population in 1915.^[58] Hungarians were primarily attracted to the city by employment at Johnson & Johnson factories located in the city.^[59] Hungarians settled mainly in what today is the Fifth Ward and businesses were established to serve the needs of the Hungarian community that weren't being met by mainstream businesses.^[60] The immigrant population grew until the end of the immigration boom in the early 20th century.

During the Cold War, the community was revitalized by the decision to process the tens of thousands refugees who came to the United States from the failed 1956 Hungarian Revolution at Camp Kilmer, in nearby Edison.^[61] Even though the Hungarian population has been largely supplanted by newer immigrants, there continues to be a Hungarian Festival in the city held on Somerset Street on the first Saturday of June each year; the 44th annual event was held in 2019.^[62] Many Hungarian institutions set up by the community remain and are active in the neighborhood, including: Magyar Reformed Church, Ascension Lutheran Church, St. Ladislaus Roman Catholic Church, St. Joseph Byzantine Catholic Church, Hungarian American Athletic Club, Aprokfalva Montessori Preschool, Széchenyi Hungarian Community School & Kindergarten, Teleki Pál Scout Home, Hungarian American Foundation, Vers Hangja, Hungarian Poetry Group, Bolyai Lecture Series on Arts and Sciences, Hungarian Alumni Association, Hungarian Radio Program, Hungarian Civic Association, Committee of Hungarian Churches and Organizations of New Brunswick, and Csűrdöngölő Folk Dance Ensemble.

Several landmarks in the city also testify to its Hungarian heritage. There is a street and a park named after Lajos Kossuth, one of the leaders of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The corner of Somerset Street and Plum Street is named Mindszenty Square where the first ever statue of Cardinal József Mindszenty was erected.^[31] A stone memorial to the victims of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution stands nearby.^[63]

Latino community

In the 2010 Census, about 50% of New Brunswick's population is self-identified as Hispanic, the 14th highest percentage among municipalities in New Jersey.^[25][64] Since the 1960s, many of the new residents of New Brunswick have come from Latin America. Many citizens moved from Puerto Rico in the 1970s. In the 1980s, many immigrated from the Dominican Republic, and still later from Guatemala, Honduras, Ecuador and Mexico.

Demolition, revitalization, and redevelopment

 

The Gateway Project under construction

 

College Avenue, a juxtaposition of old and new structures

New Brunswick is one of nine cities in New Jersey designated as eligible for Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits by the state's Economic Development Authority. Developers who invest a minimum of $50 million within a half-mile of a train station are eligible for pro-rated tax credit.^[65][66]

New Brunswick contains a number of examples of urban renewal in the United States. In the 1960s–1970s, the downtown area became blighted as middle class residents moved to newer suburbs surrounding the city, an example of the phenomenon known as "white flight." Beginning in 1975, Rutgers University, Johnson & Johnson and the city's government collaborated through the New Jersey Economic Development Authority to form the New Brunswick Development Company (DevCo), with the goal of revitalizing the city center and redeveloping neighborhoods considered to be blighted and dangerous (via demolition of existing buildings and construction of new ones).^[67][68] Johnson & Johnson announced in 1978 that they would remain in New Brunswick and invest $50 million to build a new world headquarters building in the area between Albany Street, Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, Route 18, and George Street, requiring many old buildings and historic roads to be removed.^[69] The Hiram Market area, a historic district that by the 1970s had become a mostly Puerto Rican and Dominican-American neighborhood, was demolished to build a Hyatt hotel and conference center, and upscale housing.^[70] Johnson & Johnson guaranteed the investment made by Hyatt Hotels, as they were wary of building an upscale hotel in a run-down area.^{[citation needed]}

Devco, the hospitals, and the city government have drawn ire from both historic preservationists, those opposing gentrification^[71] and those concerned with eminent domain abuses and tax abatements for developers.^[72]

New Brunswick is home to the main campus of Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson, which in 1983 constructed its new headquarters in the city.^[73][74][75] Both work with Devco in a public–private partnership to redevelop downtown, particularly regarding transit-oriented development.^{[76][77][78][79][80][81][82]} Boraie Development, a real estate development firm based in New Brunswick, has developed projects using the incentives provided by Devco and the state.^{[citation needed]}

 

First Reformed Church, built in 1812, long the tallest building in the city

 

National Bank of New Jersey, 1908

Tallest buildings

Christ Church, originally built in 1742, was the tallest building at the time of construction.^[83] A steeple was added in 1773 and replaced in 1803.^[84]

The six-story First Reformed Church, built in 1812 was long the city's tallest structure.^[85] One of the earliest tall commercial buildings in the city was the eight-story 112.5 ft (34.29 m) National Bank of New Jersey built in 1908.^[86][87] The 4 nine-story 125 ft (38 m) buildings of the New Brunswick Homes housing project, originally built in 1958, were demolished by implosion in 2000 and largely replaced by low-rise housing.^[88][89][90]

While there are no buildings over 300 feet (91 meters) in the city, since the beginning of the new millennium, a number of high-rise residential buildings^[91] clustered around the New Brunswick station have joined those built in the 1960s on the city's skyline.^{[92][93][94][95][96]}

Since the advent of the 21st century, New Brunswick has rapidly developed high-rise skyline. In 2008, there was a proposal to construct a 34-story 466-foot (142 m) New Brunswick Cultural Center Tower, which would have been the city's tallest building.^[97][98] In 2017 it was announced that the New Brunswick Performing Arts Center would be built on the site of the George Street Playhouse and Crossroads Theatre and would include 25 stories of residential and office space.^{[99][100][101]} The HELIX Health + Life Science Exchange is planned to contain three buildings: H-1,H-2, and H-3, the last of which will become the city's tallest building, with 42 stories.^[102][103]

The Standard 249 ft (76 m) at 22 stories was approved in 2014.^{[104][105][106]} The Rutgers Cancer Center is a proposed 12 story building.^[107]

Rank	Name	image	Height m/ft	Floors	Year	Notes
1	The Vue		299 ft (91 m)	24	2012	Louis Berger Group^[108]^[93]^[109]^[110]^[111]
2	One Spring Street		256 ft (78 m)	23	2006	Costas Kondylis^[112]^[93]^[113]^[114]^[115]
3-	New Brunswick Performing Arts Center		248.1 ft (75.62 m)	23	2019^[116]	Elkus Manfredi Architects^[117]^[118]^[119]^[120]^[121]
3-	Colony House		246 ft (75 m)	20	1962	^[93]^[122]
4	1 Johnson and Johnson Plaza		230 ft (70 m) Building of the headquarters of Johnson & Johnson.	16	1983	I. M. Pei^[93]^[123]^[124] ^[81]^[125] ^[73]^[75]^[126]
5	Skyline Tower		194 ft (59 m)	14	1967/2003	^[93]^[127]^[128]^[129]
6	Schatzman-Fricano Apartments		194 ft (59 m)	14	1963	^[93]^[130]
7	The George			14	2013	^[131]^[132]^[129]
8	Riverside Towers		177 ft (54 m)	13	1964	^[93]^[133]^[134]
9	The Heldrich		160 ft (50 m)	11	2007	^[93]^[135]^[136]
10	Rockhoff Hall/SoCam290		160 ft (50 m)	12	2005	^[93]^[137]^[138]^[139]^[140]^[141]
11	Aspire		161 ft (49 m)	16/17	2015	Bradford Perkins^[142]^[143]^[144]^[145]^[146]^[80]
12	The Yard^[147]		161 ft (49 m)	14	2016^[148]	Elkus/Manfredi Architects^[149]^[150]^[151]
13	410 George Street		154 ft (47 m)	11	1989	Rothe-Johnson Architects^[93]^[152]
14	University Center		149 ft (45.3 m)	12	1994	^[93]^[153]^[154]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 5.75 square miles (14.9 km²), including 5.23 square miles (13.5 km²) of land and 0.52 square miles (1.3 km²) of water (9.06%).^[1][2] New Brunswick is on the south side of Raritan Valley along with Piscataway, Highland Park, Edison, and Franklin Township. New Brunswick lies southwest of Newark and New York City and northeast of Trenton and Philadelphia.

New Brunswick is bordered by the municipalities of Piscataway, Highland Park and Edison across the Raritan River to the north by way of the Donald and Morris Goodkind Bridges, and also by North Brunswick to the southwest, East Brunswick to the southeast, all in Middlesex County; and by Franklin Township in Somerset County.^{[155][156][157]}

While the city does not hold elections based on a ward system it has been so divided.^{[158][159][160]} There are several neighborhoods in the city, which include the Fifth Ward, Feaster Park, Lincoln Park,^{[citation needed]} Raritan Gardens, and Edgebrook-Westons Mills.^[158]

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, New Brunswick falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used or a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. New Brunswick has humid, hot summers and moderately cold winters with moderate to considerable rainfall throughout the year. There is no marked wet or dry season. The average seasonal (October–April) snowfall total is around 29 inches (74 cm). The average snowiest month is February, which corresponds to the annual peak in nor'easter activity.

Climate data for New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1991–2020 normals,^[a] extremes 1893–present
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	73 (23)	79 (26)	88 (31)	95 (35)	99 (37)	102 (39)	106 (41)	106 (41)	103 (39)	95 (35)	82 (28)	76 (24)	106 (41)
Mean maximum °F (°C)	63.0 (17.2)	63.1 (17.3)	72.5 (22.5)	83.9 (28.8)	89.3 (31.8)	93.5 (34.2)	96.6 (35.9)	94.4 (34.7)	90.4 (32.4)	82.3 (27.9)	73.8 (23.2)	65.1 (18.4)	97.7 (36.5)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)	40.3 (4.6)	42.8 (6.0)	50.6 (10.3)	62.5 (16.9)	72.1 (22.3)	81.2 (27.3)	86.5 (30.3)	84.7 (29.3)	78.4 (25.8)	66.5 (19.2)	55.5 (13.1)	45.4 (7.4)	63.9 (17.7)
Daily mean °F (°C)	31.6 (−0.2)	33.4 (0.8)	40.8 (4.9)	51.7 (10.9)	61.3 (16.3)	70.8 (21.6)	76.1 (24.5)	74.3 (23.5)	67.4 (19.7)	55.4 (13.0)	45.4 (7.4)	36.9 (2.7)	53.8 (12.1)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)	22.9 (−5.1)	24.0 (−4.4)	31.0 (−0.6)	40.8 (4.9)	50.6 (10.3)	60.4 (15.8)	65.6 (18.7)	64.0 (17.8)	56.5 (13.6)	44.2 (6.8)	35.2 (1.8)	28.4 (−2.0)	43.6 (6.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)	6.3 (−14.3)	8.8 (−12.9)	16.7 (−8.5)	28.3 (−2.1)	36.7 (2.6)	46.4 (8.0)	54.9 (12.7)	53.0 (11.7)	42.2 (5.7)	30.3 (−0.9)	21.1 (−6.1)	14.3 (−9.8)	4.1 (−15.5)
Record low °F (°C)	−15 (−26)	−16 (−27)	2 (−17)	11 (−12)	28 (−2)	38 (3)	45 (7)	40 (4)	33 (1)	22 (−6)	6 (−14)	−15 (−26)	−16 (−27)
Average precipitation inches (mm)	3.74 (95)	2.97 (75)	4.40 (112)	3.89 (99)	4.03 (102)	4.83 (123)	4.83 (123)	4.66 (118)	4.18 (106)	4.11 (104)	3.40 (86)	4.49 (114)	49.53 (1,258)
Average snowfall inches (cm)	8.3 (21)	9.3 (24)	5.2 (13)	0.6 (1.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.51)	0.5 (1.3)	4.9 (12)	29.0 (74)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	11.1	9.6	10.8	11.5	12.6	11.4	10.7	10.1	8.8	9.8	8.7	10.3	125.4
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	4.2	4.0	2.5	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.2	2.0	13.3
Source: NOAA^[161]^[162]

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1840	5,866		—
1850	10,019		70.8%
1860	11,256		12.3%
1870	15,058		33.8%
1880	17,166		14.0%
1890	18,603		8.4%
1900	20,005		7.5%
1910	23,388		16.9%
1920	32,779		40.2%
1930	34,555		5.4%
1940	33,180		−4.0%
1950	38,811		17.0%
1960	40,139		3.4%
1970	41,885		4.3%
1980	41,442		−1.1%
1990	41,711		0.6%
2000	48,573		16.5%
2010	55,181		13.6%
2020	55,266		0.2%
2022 (est.)	55,998	^[11]^[13]^[14]	1.3%
Population sources: 1860–1920^[163] 1840–1890^[164] 1850–1870^[165] 1850^[166] 1870^[167] 1880–1890^[168] 1890–1910^[169] 1860–1930^[170] 1940–2000^[171] 2000^[172]^[173] 2010^[25]^[26] 2020^[11]^[12]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 55,181 people, 14,119 households, and 7,751 families in the city. The population density was 10,556.4 per square mile (4,075.8/km²). There were 15,053 housing units at an average density of 2,879.7 per square mile (1,111.9/km²). The racial makeup was 45.43% (25,071) White, 16.04% (8,852) Black or African American, 0.90% (498) Native American, 7.60% (4,195) Asian, 0.03% (19) Pacific Islander, 25.59% (14,122) from other races, and 4.39% (2,424) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.93% (27,553) of the population.^[25]

Of the 14,119 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18; 29.2% were married couples living together; 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present and 45.1% were non-families. Of all households, 25.8% were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.91.^[25]

21.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 33.2% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 12.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 105.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 105.3 males.^[25]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $44,543 (with a margin of error of +/− $2,356) and the median family income was $44,455 (+/− $3,526). Males had a median income of $31,313 (+/− $1,265) versus $28,858 (+/− $1,771) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $16,395 (+/− $979). About 15.5% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over.^[174]

2000 census

As of the 2000 United States census, there were 48,573 people, 13,057 households, and 7,207 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,293.5 inhabitants per square mile (3,588.2/km²). There were 13,893 housing units at an average density of 2,658.1 per square mile (1,026.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 51.7% White, 24.5% African American, 1.2% Native American, 5.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 21.0% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. 39.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.^[172][173]

There were 13,057 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.6% were married couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.69.^[172][173]

20.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 34.0% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 11.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males.^[172][173]

The median household income in the city was $36,080, and the median income for a family was $38,222. Males had a median income of $25,657 versus $23,604 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,308. 27.0% of the population and 16.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 25.9% were under the age of 18 and 13.8% were 65 or older.^[172][173]

Economy

Healthcare industry

City Hall has promoted the nickname "The Health Care City" to reflect the importance of the healthcare industry to its economy.^[175] The city is home to the world headquarters of Johnson & Johnson, along with several medical teaching and research institutions.^[176] Described as the first magnet secondary school program teaching directly affiliated with a teaching hospital and a medical school, New Brunswick Health Sciences Technology High School is a public high school, that operates as part of the New Brunswick Public Schools, focused on health sciences.^[177]

Urban Enterprise Zone

Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. New Brunswick was selected in 2004 as one of two zones added to participate in the program.^[178] In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6+5⁄8% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.^[179] Established in December 2004, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2024.^[180][181]

Arts and culture

Theatre

The New Brunswick Performing Arts Center opened 2019. Three neighboring professional venues, Crossroads Theatre designed by Parsons+Fernandez-Casteleiro Architects from New York. In 1999, the Crossroads Theatre won the prestigious Tony Award for Outstanding Regional Theatre. Crossroads is the first African American theater to receive this honor in the 33-year history of this special award category.^[182] George Street Playhouse (founded in 1974)^[183] and the State Theatre (constructed in 1921 for vaudeville and silent films)^[184] also form the heart of the local theatre scene. Crossroad Theatre houses American Repertory Ballet and the Princeton Ballet School.^[185] Rutgers University has student-run companies such as Cabaret Theatre, The Livingston Theatre Company, and College Avenue Players which perform everything from musicals to dramatic plays to sketch comedy.

 

Looking north from the corner of New and George Streets. The Heldrich Center is on the left.

Journalism

New Brunswick Today is a print and digital publication launched in 2011 by Rutgers journalism alumnus Charlie Kratovil^[186] which uses the tagline "Independent news for the greater New Brunswick community". The publication has covered issues with the city's water utility among others and was featured on Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.^[187]

New Jersey alt-weeklies The Aquarian Weekly^[188] and NJ Indy cover music and arts in New Brunswick.^[189]

Museums

New Brunswick is the site of the Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers University (founded in 1966),^[190] Albus Cavus, and the Rutgers University Geology Museum (founded in 1872).^[191]

Fine arts

New Brunswick was an important center for avant-garde art in the 1950s–1970s with several artists such as Allan Kaprow, George Segal, George Brecht, Robert Whitman, Robert Watts, Lucas Samaras, Geoffrey Hendricks, Wolf Vostell and Roy Lichtenstein; some of whom taught at Rutgers University. This group of artists was sometimes referred to as the 'New Jersey School' or the 'New Brunswick School of Painting'. The YAM Festival was venue on May 19, 1963, to actions and Happenings. For more information, see Fluxus at Rutgers University.^[192][193]

Music

 

A band offstage at the Court Tavern in 2004. The live music club opened in 1981 and its location, as of 2023, sits closed.

New Brunswick's live music scene has been the home to many original rock bands, including some which went on to national prominence such as The Smithereens and Bon Jovi.^[194] Rock band Looking Glass, who had the number one hit "Brandy (You're a Fine Girl)" in 1972, developed in the New Brunswick rock scene and dedicated their debut to "the people of New Brunswick."^[195]

The city is in particular a center for local punk rock and underground music.^[196][197] Alternative rock, indie rock, and hardcore music have long been popular in the city's live music scene.^[198] Many alternative rock bands got radio airplay thanks to Matt Pinfield who was part of the New Brunswick music scene for over 20 years at Rutgers University radio WRSU-FM and at alternative rock radio station WHTG-FM.^{[199] [200] [201][196][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210]}

Local pubs and clubs hosted many local bands, including the Court Tavern^{[211][212][213]} and the Melody Bar during the 1980s and 1990s.^[214] The city was ranked the number 4 spot to see indie bands in New Jersey.^[215]

The independent record label Don Giovanni Records originally started to document the New Brunswick basement scene.^[216][217] In March 2017, NJ.com wrote that "even if Asbury Park has recently returned as our state's musical nerve center, with the brick-and-mortar venues and infrastructure to prove it, New Brunswick remains as the New Jersey scene's unadulterated, pounding heart."^[218] A number of well-known local bands formed in the city's live music scene, including Thursday and Ogbert the Nerd.^{[219][220][221][222][223]} New Brunswick also has a plethora of rappers including Trill Lik, Mello B and Amgjay. Rutgers radio station WVPH 90.3 FM "The Core" hosts indie music festival "Corefest" on campus.

Film

New Brunswick is home to a number of film festivals, two of which are presented by the film society, the Rutgers Film Co-op/New Jersey Media Arts Center: the New Jersey Film Festival (1982) and the United States Super 8mm Film + Digital Video Festival (~1988). The Rutgers Jewish Film Festival was established 1999.^[224][225] The New Lens Film Festival is an event at the Mason Gross School of the Arts.^[226]

Grease trucks

 

The "Grease Trucks" as they were on College Avenue Campus at Rutgers

The "Grease trucks" were a group of truck-based food vendors located on the College Avenue Campus at Rutgers. They were known for serving "Fat Sandwiches," sub rolls containing fried ingredients. In 2013 the grease trucks were removed for the construction of a new Rutgers building and were moved into various other areas of the Rutgers-New Brunswick Campus.^[227]

Government

New Brunswick City Hall, the New Brunswick Free Public Library, and the New Brunswick Main Post Office are located in the city's Civic Square government district, as are numerous other city, county, state, and federal offices.

Local government

 

City Hall

The City of New Brunswick is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government. The city is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide governed under this form.^[228] The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the five-member City Council, all of whom are elected at-large on a partisan basis to four-year terms of office in even-numbered years as part of the November general election. The City Council's five members are elected on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election every other year and the mayor up for election at the same time that two council seats are up for vote. As the legislative body of New Brunswick's municipal government, the City Council is responsible for approving the annual budget, ordinances and resolutions, contracts, and appointments to boards and commissions. The Council President is elected to a two-year term by the members of the Council at a reorganization meeting held after election and presides over all meetings.^{[8][229][230]}

As of 2024^[update], Democrat James Cahill is the 62nd mayor of New Brunswick; he was sworn in as mayor on January 1, 1991, and is serving a term that expires on December 31, 2026.^[3] Members of the City Council are Council President Rebecca H. Escobar (D, 2026), Council Vice President John A. Anderson (D, 2024), Manuel J. Castañeda (D, 2024), Matthew Ferguson (D, 2026; appointed to serve an unexpired term), Glenn J. Fleming (D, 2024), Petra N. Gaskins (D, 2026) and Suzanne M. Sicora Ludwig (D, 2024).^{[231][232][233][234]}

In January 2024, the city council appointed Matthew Ferguson to fill the seat expiring in December 2026 that had been held by Kevin Egan until he resigned earlier that month to take a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly. Ferguson will serve on an interim basis until the November general election, when voters will choose a candidate to serve the balance of the term of office.^[235]

In January 2023, the City Council expanded from five to seven members. Gaskins was sworn in as the first black woman and youngest in history, and Castañeda was elected as the first Latino man.^[236]

Emergency services

Police department

The New Brunswick Police Department has received attention for various incidents over the years. In 1991, the fatal shooting of Shaun Potts, an unarmed black resident, by Sergeant Zane Grey led to multiple local protests.^[237] In 1996, Officer James Consalvo fatally shot Carolyn "Sissy" Adams, an unarmed prostitute who had bit him.^[238] The Adams case sparked calls for reform in the New Brunswick Police Department, and ultimately was settled with the family.^[239] Two officers, Sgt. Marco Chinchilla and Det. James Marshall, were convicted of running a bordello in 2001. Chinchilla was sentenced to three years and Marshall was sentenced to four.^[240] In 2011, Officer Brad Berdel fatally shot Barry Deloatch, a black man who had run from police (although police claim he struck officers with a stick);^[241] this sparked daily protests from residents.^[242]

Following the Deloatch shooting, sergeant Richard Rowe was formally charged with mishandling 81 Internal Affairs investigations; Mayor Cahill explained that this would help "rebuild the public's trust and confidence in local law enforcement."^[243]

Fire department

The current professional city fire department was established in 1914, but the earliest volunteer fire company in the city dates back to 1764. The department operates out of three stations, with a total of approximately 90 officers and firefighters.^[244]

In 2014, the city received criticism and public attention after fire director Robert Rawls, whose driving record included dozens of accidents and license suspensions, had struck three children in a crosswalk while driving a city-owned vehicle.^[245]

Federal, state and county representation

New Brunswick is located in the 6th Congressional District^[246] and is part of New Jersey's 17th state legislative district.^{[247][248][249]}

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 6th congressional district is represented by Frank Pallone (D, Long Branch).^[250][251] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)^[252] and Bob Menendez (Englewood Cliffs, term ends 2025).^[253][254]

For the 2024-2025 session, the 17th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Bob Smith (D, Piscataway) and in the General Assembly by Joseph Danielsen (D, Franklin Township) and Kevin Egan (D, New Brunswick).^[255]

Middlesex County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners, whose seven members are elected at-large on a partisan basis to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held in January, the board selects from among its members a commissioner director and deputy director.^[256] As of 2024^[update], Middlesex County's Commissioners (with party affiliation, term-end year, and residence listed in parentheses) are:

Director Ronald G. Rios (D, Carteret, 2024),^[257] Deputy Director Shanti Narra (D, North Brunswick, 2024),^[258] Claribel A. "Clary" Azcona-Barber (D, New Brunswick, 2025),^[259] Charles Kenny (D, Woodbridge Township, 2025),^[260] Leslie Koppel (D, Monroe Township, 2026),^[261] Chanelle Scott McCullum (D, Piscataway, 2024)^[262] and Charles E. Tomaro (D, Edison, 2026).^[263][264]

Constitutional officers are: Clerk Nancy Pinkin (D, 2025, East Brunswick),^[265][266] Sheriff Mildred S. Scott (D, 2025, Piscataway)^[267][268] and Surrogate Claribel Cortes (D, 2026; North Brunswick).^{[269][270][271]}

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 22,742 registered voters in New Brunswick, of which 8,732 (38.4%) were registered as Democrats, 882 (3.9%) were registered as Republicans and 13,103 (57.6%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 25 voters registered to other parties.^[272]

Presidential Elections Results

Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2020^[273]	17.1% 1,608	81.4% 7,639	1.5% 139
2016^[274]	14.1% 1,516	81.9% 8,776	4.0% 426
2012^[275]	14.3% 1,576	83.4% 9,176	2.2% 247
2008^[276]	14.8% 1,899	83.3% 10,717	1.1% 140
2004^[277]	19.7% 2,018	78.2% 8,023	1.4% 143

In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 81.9% of the vote (8,779 cast), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 14.1% (1,516 votes), and other candidates with 4.0% (426 votes), among the 10,721 ballots cast.^[278] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 83.4% of the vote (9,176 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 14.3% (1,576 votes), and other candidates with 2.2% (247 votes), among the 11,106 ballots cast by the township's 23,536 registered voters (107 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 47.2%.^[279][280] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 83.3% of the vote (10,717 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 14.8% (1,899 votes) and other candidates with 1.1% (140 votes), among the 12,873 ballots cast by the township's 23,533 registered voters, for a turnout of 54.7%.^[276]

Gubernatorial Elections Results

Year	Republican	Democratic	Third Parties
2021^[281]	19.2% 721	79.2% 2,972	1.6% 60
2017^[282]	13.6% 590	83.1% 3,616	3.4% 148
2013^[283]	31.2% 1,220	66.5% 2,604	2.3% 92
2009^[284]	20.9% 1,314	68.2% 4,281	8.2% 515
2005^[285]	17.2% 880	76.9% 3,943	4.2% 214

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 66.5% of the vote (2,604 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 31.2% (1,220 votes), and other candidates with 2.3% (92 votes), among the 3,991 ballots cast by the township's 23,780 registered voters (75 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 16.8%.^[286][287] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 68.2% of the vote (4,281 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 20.9% (1,314 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.2% (387 votes) and other candidates with 2.0% (128 votes), among the 6,273 ballots cast by the township's 22,534 registered voters, yielding a 27.8% turnout.^[284]

Education

Public schools

The New Brunswick Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.^[288] The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke^[289] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.^[290][291] The district's nine-member Board of Education is elected at large, with three members up for election on a staggered basis each April to serve three-year terms of office; until 2012, the members of the Board of Education were appointed by the city's mayor.^[292]

As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprising 12 schools, had an enrollment of 9,690 students and 777.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.5:1.^[293] Schools in the district (with 2022–23 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics^[294]) are Lincoln Elementary School^[295] (578; K-4), Livingston Elementary School^[296] (342; K-5), Lord Stirling Elementary School^[297] (490; PreK-5), McKinley Community Elementary School^[298] (640; PreK-8), A. Chester Redshaw Elementary School^[299] (784; PreK-5), Paul Robeson Community School For The Arts^[300] (665; K-8), Roosevelt Elementary School^[301] (609; K-5), Blanquita B. Valenti Community School^[302] (opened 2023-24: 569 in grades 4-8), Woodrow Wilson Elementary School^[303] (373; PreK-8), New Brunswick Middle School^[304] (1,259; 6-8) and New Brunswick High School^[305] (2,477; 9-12).^{[306][307][308][309]}

The community is also served by the Greater Brunswick Charter School, a K–8 charter school serving students from New Brunswick, Edison, Highland Park and Milltown.^[310] As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 399 students and 32.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.3:1.^[311]

Eighth grade students from all of Middlesex County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Middlesex County Vocational and Technical Schools, a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at Middlesex County Academy in Edison, the Academy for Allied Health and Biomedical Sciences in Woodbridge Township and at its East Brunswick, Perth Amboy and Piscataway technical high schools, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.^[312][313]

Higher education

• Rutgers University has three campuses in the city: College Avenue Campus (seat of the university), Douglass Campus, and Cook Campus, which extend into surrounding townships. Rutgers has also added several buildings downtown in the last two decades, both academic and residential.^[314]
• New Brunswick is the site to the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, a seminary of the Reformed Church in America, that was founded in New York in 1784, then moved to New Brunswick in 1810.^[51]
• Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, part of Rutgers University, is located in New Brunswick and Piscataway.^[315]
• Middlesex County College has some facilities downtown, though its main campus is in Edison.^[316]

Historic district

The Livingston Avenue Historic District is a historic district located along Livingston Avenue between Hale and Morris Streets. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 16, 1996, for its significance in architecture, social history, and urban history from 1870 to 1929.^[317][318]

•  
  John B. Drury House, Victorian style
•  
  Roosevelt Intermediate School, Neo-Classical Revival style
•  
  Ukrainian Catholic Church, Richardsonian Romanesque style

Infrastructure

Transportation

Roads and highways

 

Route 18 northbound in New Brunswick, the primary highway providing access to the city

As of May 2010^[update], the city had 73.24 miles (117.87 km) of roadways, of which 56.13 miles (90.33 km) were maintained by the municipality, 8.57 miles (13.79 km) by Middlesex County, 7.85 miles (12.63 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 0.69 miles (1.11 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.^[319]

The city is crisscrossed a wide range of roads and highways.^[320] In the city is the intersection of U.S. Route 1^[321] and Route 18,^[322] and is bisected by Route 27.^[323] New Brunswick hosts less than a mile of the New Jersey Turnpike (Interstate 95).^[324] A few turnpike ramps are in the city that lead to Exit 9 which is just outside the city limits in East Brunswick.^[325]

Other major roads that are nearby include the Garden State Parkway in Woodbridge Township and Interstate 287 in neighboring Edison, Piscataway and Franklin townships.

The New Brunswick Parking Authority manages 14 ground-level and multi-story parking facilities across the city.^[326][327] CitiPark manages a downtown parking facility at 2 Albany Street.^[328][329]

Public transportation

 

Southbound platform of New Brunswick's NJ Transit train station. University Center at Easton Avenue is in the background.

 

Panorama of New Brunswick station track to New York City

New Brunswick is served by NJ Transit and Amtrak trains on the Northeast Corridor Line.^[330] NJ Transit provides frequent service north to Pennsylvania Station, in Midtown Manhattan, and south to Trenton, while Amtrak's Keystone Service and Northeast Regional trains service the New Brunswick station.^[331] The Jersey Avenue station is also served by Northeast Corridor trains.^[332] For other Amtrak connections, riders can take NJ Transit to Penn Station (New York or Newark), Trenton, or Metropark.

Local bus service is provided by NJ Transit's 810, 811, 814, 815, 818 routes and 980 route.^[333][334]

Also available is the extensive Rutgers Campus bus network.^[335] Middlesex County Area Transit (MCAT) shuttles provide service on routes operating across the county,^[336] including the M1 route, which operates between Jamesburg and the New Brunswick train station.^[337] DASH/CAT buses, operated by Somerset County on the 851 and 852 routes connect New Brunswick and Bound Brook.^[338][339]

Suburban Trails offers service to and from New York City on Route 100 between Princeton and the Port Authority Bus Terminal; on Route 500 between New Brunswick and along 42nd Street to the United Nations; and Route 600 between East Windsor and Wall Street in Downtown Manhattan.^[340] Studies are being conducted to create the New Brunswick Bus Rapid Transit system.

Intercity bus service from New Brunswick to Columbia, Maryland, and Washington, D.C., is offered by OurBus Prime.^[341]

New Brunswick was at the eastern terminus of the Delaware and Raritan Canal, of which there are remnants surviving or rebuilt along the river.^[342] Until 1936, the city was served by the interurban Newark–Trenton Fast Line, which covered a 72-mile (116 km) route that stopped in New Brunswick as it ran between Jersey City and Trenton.^[343]

The Raritan River Railroad ran to New Brunswick, but is now defunct along this part of the line. The track and freight station still remain. Proposals have been made to use the line as a light rail route that would provide an option for commuters now driving in cars on Route 18.^[344]

Old Bridge Airport in Old Bridge supply short-distance flights to surrounding areas and is the closest air transportation services. The next nearest commercial airports are Princeton Airport located 14 miles (23 km) southwest (about 23 minutes drive); and Newark Liberty International Airport, which serves as a major hub for United Airlines and located 22 miles (35 km) north (about 31 minutes drive) from New Brunswick.^[345][346]

Healthcare

 

Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital's main campus is in New Brunswick

Saint Peter's University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and The Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital are all located in the city of New Brunswick.^[176] The city is aptly named the 'Healthcare city' for its wide array of public and private healthcare services.

Popular culture

• On April 18, 1872, at New Brunswick, William Cameron Coup developed the system of transporting circus equipment, staff and animals from city to city using railroad cars. This system would be adopted by other railroad circuses and used through the golden age of railroad circuses until the 2017 closure of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.^[347]
• The play and movie 1776 discusses the Continental Army under General George Washington being stationed at New Brunswick in June 1776 and being inspected by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Samuel Chase of Maryland as members of the War Committee.
• The 1980s sitcom, Charles in Charge, was set in New Brunswick.^[348]
• The 2004 movie Harold and Kumar Go To White Castle revolves around Harold and Kumar's attempt to get to a White Castle restaurant and includes a stop in a fictionalized New Brunswick.^[349]
• The 2007 Pulitzer Prize winning novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao is primarily set in New Brunswick.^[350]
• The 2013 novel Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie features a taxi driver bragging about having a daughter on the dean's list at Rutgers.^[351]
• Bands from New Brunswick include The Gaslight Anthem,^[352] Screaming Females, Streetlight Manifesto,^[353] Thursday and Bouncing Souls.^[354]
• The independent record label Don Giovanni Records was established in 2003 to document the music scene in New Brunswick.^[355]
• The store run scene in the movie Little Man was filmed in New Brunswick.

Points of interest

 

The Heldrich in Downtown New Brunswick

• Albany Street Bridge, a seven-span stone arch bridge dating to 1892 that was used as part of the transcontinental Lincoln Highway. It stretches 595 feet (181 m) across the Raritan River to Highland Park.^[356][357]
• Bishop House, located at 115 College Avenue, is an Italianate architecture mansion built for James Bishop and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.^[358]
• The historic Old Queens Campus and Voorhees Mall at Rutgers University – Old Queens, built in 1809, is the oldest building at Rutgers University. The building's cornerstone was laid in 1809.^[47]
• Buccleuch Mansion in Buccleuch Park. Built in 1739 by Anthony White as part of a working farm and home overlooking Raritan Landing, the house and its adjoining 79 acres (32 ha) of land were deeded to the City of New Brunswick to be used as a park in 1911.^[359][360]
• Christ Church Episcopal Churchyard had its earliest burial in 1754 and includes the grave sites of slaves.^[361]
• The Henry Guest House, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, is a Georgian stone farmhouse built in 1760 by Henry Guest at Livingston Avenue and Morris Street that was moved in 1924 next to the New Brunswick Free Public Library after plans were made to demolish the building at its original site.^[362]
• William H. Johnson House is an example of Italianate architecture built c. 1870, when New Brunswick experienced a post-Civil War economic boom. Architectural components including the tall narrow windows with arched tops, double bays, cornice brackets and low pitched roofs exemplify the Italianate style. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in July 2006.^[363][364]
• St. Peter the Apostle Church, built in 1856 and designed by Patrick Keeley, is located at 94 Somerset Street.^[365]
• Delaware and Raritan Canal – Completed in 1834, the canal reached its peak in the 1860s and 1870s, when its primary use was to transport coal from Pennsylvania to New York City. Accessing the canal at Bordentown on the Delaware River, the main route covered 44 miles (71 km) to New Brunswick on the Raritan River.^[366]
• Birthplace of poet Joyce Kilmer – Located on Joyce Kilmer Avenue, the building is where the poet and essayist was born on December 6, 1886. Acquired by a local American Legion post, the building and its second-floor memorial to Kilmer was sold to the state in the 1960s, which then transferred it to the ownership of the City of New Brunswick.^[367]
• Site of Johnson & Johnson world headquarters
• The Willow Grove Cemetery – located behind the Henry Guest House and the New Brunswick Free Public Library, the site of the cemetery was acquired in the late 1840s, the cemetery association was incorporated in 1850 and a state charter was granted the following year.^[368]
• Mary Ellis grave (1750–1828) stands out due to its location in the AMC Theatres parking lot on U.S. Route 1 downriver from downtown New Brunswick.^[369]
• Lawrence Brook, a tributary of the Raritan River has a watershed covering 48 square miles (120 km²) that includes New Brunswick, as well as East Brunswick, Milltown, North Brunswick and South Brunswick.^[370]
• Elmer B. Boyd Park, a park running along the Raritan River, covering 20 acres (8.1 ha) adjacent to Route 18, the park went through an $11 million renovation project and reopened to the public in 1999.^[371][372]

Places of worship

• Abundant Life Family Worship Church – founded in 1991.^[373]
• Anshe Emeth Memorial Temple (Reform Judaism) – established in 1859.^[374]
• Ascension Lutheran Church – founded in 1908 as The New Brunswick First Magyar Augsburg Evangelical Church.^[375]
• Christ Church, Episcopal – granted a royal charter in 1761.^[376]
• Ebenezer Baptist Church
• First Baptist Church of New Brunswick, American Baptist
• First Presbyterian, Presbyterian (PCUSA)
• First Reformed Reformed (RCA)
• Kirkpatrick Chapel at Rutgers University (nondenominational)
• Magyar Reformed, Calvinist
• Mount Zion AME (African Methodist Episcopal)
• Mt. Zion Ministries Family Worship Church
• Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Ukrainian Catholic Church
• New Brunswick Islamic Center
• Point Community Church
• Saint Joseph, Byzantine Catholic
• Saint Ladislaus, Roman Catholic
• Saint Mary of Mount Virgin Church, Remsen Avenue and Sandford Street, Roman Catholic
• Sacred Heart Church, Throop Avenue, Roman Catholic
• Saint Peter the Apostle Church, Somerset Street, Roman Catholic
• Second Reformed Church, Reformed (RCA)
• Sharon Baptist Church
• United Methodist Church at New Brunswick
• Voorhees Chapel at Rutgers University (nondenominational)

Notable people

 

Actor Michael Douglas

 

Gymnast Laurie Hernandez at the 2016 Summer Olympics

 

R&B singer Jaheim

 

Former NFL quarterback Joe Theismann

See also: Category:People from New Brunswick, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with the City of New Brunswick include:

• David Abeel (1804–1846), Dutch Reformed Church missionary^[377]
• Garnett Adrain (1815–1878), member of the United States House of Representatives^[378]
• Charlie Atherton (1874–1934), major league baseball player^[379]
• Jim Axelrod (born 1963), national correspondent for CBS News who is a reporter for the CBS Evening News^[380]
• Catherine Hayes Bailey (1921–2014), plant geneticist who specialized in fruit breeding^[381]
• Joe Barzda (1915–1993), race car driver^[382][383]
• John Bayard (1738–1807), merchant, soldier and statesman who was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress in 1785 and 1786, and later mayor of New Brunswick^[384]
• John Bradbury Bennet (1865–1940), United States Army officer and brigadier general active during World War I^[385]
• James Berardinelli (born 1967), film critic^[386][387]
• James Bishop (1816–1895), represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1855 to 1857^[388]
• Charles S. Boggs (1811–1877), Rear Admiral who served in the United States Navy during the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War^[389]
• PJ Bond, singer-songwriter^[390]
• Jake Bornheimer (1927–1986), professional basketball player for the Philadelphia Warriors^[391]
• James Bornheimer (1933–1993), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1972 to 1982 and in the New Jersey Senate from 1982 to 1984^[392]
• Brett Brackett (born 1987), football tight end^[393]
• Derrick Drop Braxton (born 1981), record producer and composer^[394]
• Sherry Britton (1918–2008), burlesque performer and actress^[395]
• Gary Brokaw (born 1954), former professional basketball player who played most of his NBA career for the Milwaukee Bucks^[396]
• Dana Brown (born 1967), general manager of the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball^[397]
• Jalen Brunson (born 1996), basketball player^[398]
• William Burdett-Coutts (1851–1921), British Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1921^[399]
• Darhyl Camper (born 1990), singer-songwriter and record producer^[400]
• Arthur S. Carpender (1884–1960), United States Navy admiral who commanded the Allied Naval Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area during World War II^[401]
• Jonathan Casillas (born 1987), linebacker for the NFL's New Orleans Saints and University of Wisconsin^[402]
• Joseph Compton Castner (1869–1946), Army general^[403]
• Chris Dailey (born 1959), women's basketball coach, who has been the associate head coach for the Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team since 1988^[404]
• Andre Dixon (born 1986), former professional football running back^[405]
• Wheeler Winston Dixon (born 1950), filmmaker, critic and author^[406][407]
• Michael Douglas (born 1944), actor^[408]
• Kevin Egan (born 1964), politician who has represented the 17th legislative district in the New Jersey General Assembly since 2024^[409]
• Hallie Eisenberg (born 1992), actress^[410]
• Linda Emond (born 1959), actress^[411]
• Jerome Epstein (born 1937), politician who served in the New Jersey Senate from 1972 to 1974 and later went to federal prison for pirating millions of dollars worth of fuel oil^[412]
• Anthony Walton White Evans (1817–1886), engineer^[413]
• Robert Farmar (1717–1778), British Army officer who fought in the Seven Years' War and served as interim governor of British West Florida^[414]
• Mervin Field (1921–2015), pollster of public opinion^[415]
• Louis Michael Figueroa (born 1966), arguably the most prolific transcontinental journeyman^[416]
• Charles Fiske (1868–1942), bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York from 1924 to 1936^[417]
• Haley Fiske (1852–1929), lawyer who served as President of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company^[418]
• Kevin Friedland (born 1981), soccer defender who played for Minnesota United FC.^[419]
• Margaret Kemble Gage (1734–1824), wife of General Thomas Gage, who led the British Army in Massachusetts early in the American Revolutionary War and who may have informed the revolutionaries of her husband's strategy^[420]
• Morris Goodkind (c. 1888–1968), chief bridge engineer for the New Jersey State Highway Department from 1925 to 1955 (now the New Jersey Department of Transportation), responsible for the design of the Pulaski Skyway and 4,000 other bridges^[421]
• Vera Mae Green (1928–1982), anthropologist, educator and scholar, who made major contributions in the fields of Caribbean studies, interethnic studies, black family studies and the study of poverty and the poor^[422]
• Alan Guth (born 1947), theoretical physicist and cosmologist best known for his theory of cosmological inflation^[423]
• Augustus A. Hardenbergh (1830–1889), represented New Jersey's 7th congressional district from 1875 to 1879, and again from 1881 to 1883^[424]
• Mel Harris (born 1956), actress^[425]
• Mark Helias (born 1950), jazz bassist / composer^[426]
• Susan Hendricks (born 1973), anchor for HLN and substitute anchor for CNN^[427]
• Laurie Hernandez (born 2000), artistic gymnast representing Team USA at the 2016 Summer Olympics^[428]
• Sabah Homasi (born 1988), mixed martial artist who competes in the welterweight division^[429]
• Christine Moore Howell (1899–1972), hair care product businesswoman who founded Christine Cosmetics^[430]
• Adam Hyler (1735–1782), privateer during the American Revolutionary War^[431]
• Bill Hynes (born 1972), professional auto racing driver and entrepreneur^[432]
• Jaheim (born 1978, full name Jaheim Hoagland), R&B singer^[433]
• Dwayne Jarrett (born 1986), wide receiver for the University of Southern California football team 2004 to 2006, current WR drafted by the Carolina Panthers^[434]
• James P. Johnson (1891–1955), pianist and composer who was one of the original stride piano masters^[435]
• William H. Johnson (1829–1904), painter and wallpaper hanger, businessman and local crafts person, whose home (c. 1870) was placed on the State of New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places in 2006^[436]
• Robert Wood Johnson I (1845–1910), businessman who was one of the founders of Johnson & Johnson^[437]
• Robert Wood Johnson II (1893–1968), businessman who led Johnson & Johnson and served as mayor of Highland Park, New Jersey^[438]
• Woody Johnson (born 1947), businessman, philanthropist, and diplomat who is currently serving as United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom^[439]
• Frederick Barnett Kilmer (1851–1934), pharmacist, author, public health activist and the director of Scientific Laboratories for Johnson & Johnson from 1889 to 1934^[440]
• Joyce Kilmer (1886–1918), poet^[441]
• Littleton Kirkpatrick (1797–1859), represented New Jersey's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1853 to 1855, and was mayor of New Brunswick in 1841 and 1842^[442]
• Ted Kubiak (born 1942), MLB player for the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics, Milwaukee Brewers, St. Louis Cardinals, Texas Rangers, and the San Diego Padres^[443]
• Roy Mack (1889–1962), director of film shorts, mostly comedies, with 205 titles to his credit^[444]
• Floyd Mayweather Jr. (born 1977), multi-division winning boxer, currently with an undefeated record of 50–0; he grew up in the 1980s in the Hiram Square neighborhood^[445]
• Jim Norton (born 1968), comedian^[446]
• Anna Oliver (1840–1892), American preacher^[447]
• Robert Pastorelli (1954–2004), actor known primarily for playing the role of the house painter on Murphy Brown^[448]
• Judith Persichilli (born 1949), nurse and health care executive who has served as the Commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Health^[449]
• Hasan Piker (born 1991), Twitch streamer and political commentator^[450][451]
• Stephen Porges (born 1945), Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill^[452]
• Franke Previte (born 1946), composer^[453]
• Mary Lea Johnson Richards (1926–1990), heiress, entrepreneur and Broadway producer, who was the first baby to appear on a Johnson's baby powder label^[454]
• Miles Ross (1827–1903), Mayor of New Brunswick, U.S. Representative and businessman^[455]
• Mohamed Sanu (born 1989), American football wide receiver who has played in the NFL for the New England Patriots and San Francisco 49ers^[456]
• Gabe Saporta (born 1979), musician and frontman of bands Midtown and Cobra Starship^[457]
• Robert J. Sexton, director, producer, and former musician^[458]
• Jeff Shaara (born 1952), historical novelist^[459]
• Gerald Shargel (1944–2022), defense attorney known for his work defending mobsters and celebrities.^[460]
• Dustin Sheppard (born 1980), retired professional soccer player who played in MLS for the MetroStars^[461]
• Brian D. Sicknick (1978–2021), officer of the United States Capitol Police who died following the January 6 United States Capitol attack.^[462]
• George Sebastian Silzer (1870–1940), served as the 38th Governor of New Jersey. Served on the New Brunswick board of aldermen from 1892 to 1896^[463]
• James H. Simpson (1813–1883), U.S. Army surveyor of western frontier areas^[464]
• Robert Sklar (1936–2011), historian and author specializing in the history of film.^[465]
• Arthur Space (1908–1983), actor of theatre, film, and television^[466]
• Larry Stark (born 1932), theater reviewer and creator of Theater Mirror^[467]
• Matt Taibbi (born 1970), author and journalist^[468]
• Norman Tanzman (1918–2004), politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1962 to 1968 and in the New Jersey Senate from 1968 to 1974^[469]
• Ron "Bumblefoot" Thal (born 1969), guitarist, musician, composer^[470]
• Joe Theismann (born 1949), former professional quarterback who played in the NFL for the Washington Redskins and former commentator on ESPN's Monday Night Football^[471]
• John Tukey (1915–2000), mathematician^[472]
• William Henry Vanderbilt (1821–1885), businessman^[473]
• John Van Dyke (1807–1878), represented New Jersey's 4th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1847 to 1851, and served as Mayor of New Brunswick from 1846 to 1847^[474]
• Tony Vega (1961–2013), Thoroughbred horse jockey and community activist^[475]
• George Veronis (1926–2019), geophysicist^[476]
• Paul Wesley (born 1982), actor, known for his role as "Stefan Salvatore" on The CW show The Vampire Diaries^[477]
• Rev. Samuel Merrill Woodbridge (1819–1905), minister, author, professor at Rutgers College and New Brunswick Theological Seminary^[478]
• Eric Young (born 1967), former Major League Baseball player who is currently the first base coach for the Atlanta Braves^[479]
• Eric Young Jr. (born 1985), Major League Baseball player^[480]

Sister cities

New Brunswick's sister cities are:^[481][482]

•   Debrecen, Hungary
•   Fukui, Fukui Prefecture, Japan
•   County Limerick, Ireland
•   Tsuruoka, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

See also

• Davidson Bros., Inc. v. D. Katz & Sons, Inc. (1994)

Notes

1. Mean maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.

References

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2. US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 August 24, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
3. Mayor's Office, City of New Brunswick. Accessed April 14, 2024.
4. 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory March 11, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023.
5. City Directory , City of New Brunswick. Accessed April 14, 2024.
6. Administration Staff, City of New Brunswick. Accessed April 14, 2024.
7. Leslie Zeledón Appointed as New City Clerk December 17, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, City of New Brunswick. Accessed December 11, 2019. "New Brunswick City Council appointed Leslie R. Zeledón as the new City Clerk at its 2019 Reorganization Meeting at City Hall. Zeledón has served as Deputy Clerk for the City of New Brunswick since September 2011. She replaces longtime City Clerk Daniel A. Torrisi, who was appointed by Mayor Cahill to serve as City Administrator."
8. 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 81.
9. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved October 11, 2022.
10. "City of New Brunswick". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
11. QuickFacts New Brunswick city, New Jersey November 10, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 11, 2022.
12. Total Population: Census 2010 - Census 2020 New Jersey Municipalities February 13, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 1, 2022.
13. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2022 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 July 17, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, released May 2023. Accessed May 18, 2023. Note that townships (including Edison, Lakewood and Woodbridge, all of which have larger populations) are excluded from these rankings.
14. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Minor Civil Divisions in New Jersey: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022 May 21, 2023, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau, released May 2023. Accessed May 18, 2023.
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17. Zip Codes June 17, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, State of New Jersey. Accessed August 18, 2013.
18. Area Code Lookup – NPA NXX for New Brunswick, NJ March 6, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 6, 2014.
19. U.S. Census website December 27, 1996, at the Wayback Machine, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
20. Geographic Codes Lookup for New Jersey November 19, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed April 1, 2022.
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22. Staff. "Lew Dockstader, Minstrel, Is Dead. Famous Comedian Succumbs to a Bone Tumor at His Daughter's Home at 68" July 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 27, 1924. Accessed May 18, 2015.
23. New Jersey County Map March 13, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed July 10, 2017.
24. Lynn, Kathleen. "Living In; New Brunswick, N.J.: Big-City Amenities With a Small-Town Feel" June 14, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 7, 2020. Accessed June 14, 2022.
25. DP-1 – Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for New Brunswick city, Middlesex County, New Jersey December 27, 1996, at the Wayback Machine , United States Census Bureau. Accessed April 18, 2012.
26. Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for New Brunswick city January 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed April 18, 2012.
27. Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 June 2, 2022, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.
28. "7:30 a.m.—Filling cracks in the health care city" November 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Home News Tribune, September 23, 1999. "With two major hospitals and a medical school, New Brunswick proclaims itself The Healthcare City."
29. "A wet day in the Hub City" November 7, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Home News Tribune, September 23, 1999. "A few days short of 60 years, on Wednesday, Sept. 16, a dreary, drizzly day just ahead of the deluge of Hurricane Floyd, the Home News Tribune sent 24 reporters, 9 photographers, and one artist into the Hub City, as it is known, to take a peek into life in New Brunswick as it is in 1999."
30. Weiss, Jennifer. "Redevelopment; As New Brunswick Grows, City's Hungarians Adapt" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 16, 2006. Accessed December 11, 2019. "While the Hungarian community has diminished over the years—in the 1930s it made up a third of New Brunswick's population—much of what it built remains."
31. Zinsmeister, James A. "New Brunswick Journal; Where Hungarian Pride Lives On" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 28, 1992. Accessed December 12, 2019. "On one corner, a statue of Josef Cardinal Mindszenty, the late, beloved primate of Hungary, rises amid flowers before a large blue spruce. Across the way, a small granite monument bears a newly burnished bronze plaque that commemorates the Hungarian revolution.... While it is difficult to determine precisely how many Hungarian-Americans live in New Brunswick, Dr. August Molnar, director of the Hungarian Heritage Center, estimates that 3,200 do. That represents about 8 percent of the city's population, down from nearly 10 percent in 1980."
32. Brennan, Ray. "Rutgers Historical Background" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers Rarities. Accessed December 12, 2019. "According to Virtual Field Trip, New Brunswick was '...the place where the very important Native American Minisink Trail crossed the Raritan River. This later, as was the case with many other Native American routeways, became one of the most important colonial roads – the main overland route between New York and Philadelphia'"
33. Staff. "New-Jersey.; Miscellaneous Notes about New-Brunswick." December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 27, 1854. Accessed December 11, 2019. "If the 'desperately hot' weather permit, I purpose to give you a few items of general interest respecting this ancient Dutch settlement. However, with the mercury ranging from 78° to 98° in the shade, during the sixteen hours of sunshine, you will not expect much exertion on my part. Daniel Cooper (says Gordon,) was the first recorded inhabitant of 'Prigmore's Swamp.'"
34. Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names November 15, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 9, 2015.
35. Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States, p. 223. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 9, 2015.
36. Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968 June 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 171. Accessed March 26, 2012.
37. Revolutionary War Sites in New Brunswick October 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Revolutionary War New Jersey. Accessed August 18, 2013.
38. Heintze, James R. , American University, backed up by the Internet Archive as of June 15, 2004. Accessed December 11, 2019. "July 9 or 10 – New Brunswick, N.J. Col. John Neilson; Harper's New Monthly Magazine, July 1892, 251."
39. Lee, Eunice. "Statue of New Brunswick Revolutionary War figure planned" April 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, July 31, 2011. Accessed August 18, 2013. "New Brunswick Public Sculpture, a nonprofit, is commissioning a life-size bronze statue of Col. John Neilson, a New Jersey native who gave one of the earliest readings of the Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1776, while standing before a crowd in New Brunswick."
40. Did You Know Answer 2 December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, City of New Brunswick. Accessed December 11, 2019. "The 3rd public reading of the Declaration of Independence took place outside a tavern on Albany Street on July 9, 1776. The document was en route from Philadelphia to New York when Col. John A. Neilson stood outside a tavern, atop a table, and read it to the townspeople!"
41. Makin, Cheryl. "Revolutionary moment comes to life, 241 years later" September 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Courier News, July 10, 2017. Accessed December 11, 2019. "Neilson was born March 11, 1745 in the city that now bears a street with his name, in addition to Neilson Hall on the Rutgers University campus and, as of Sunday, a sculpture depicting a defining moment in his life and the country's history. It also is the only statue depicting a reading of the Declaration of Independence in the U.S., Ritter said."
42. "A Historical Sketch of Rutgers University: Section 1" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University Libraries. Accessed December 11, 2019. "With an adequate charter obtained and the governing board assembled, the trustees turned to select a site for Queen's College. The members were split on whether to locate the college in Hackensack or New Brunswick... The Reverend John H. Goetschius, an early advocate for the college, claimed that the academy he began in Hackensack served as an advantage for establishing the college in Bergen County. But the supporters of New Brunswick reminded their colleagues that the Reverend John Leydt of New Brunswick had joined with Hardenbergh and other members of that community to establish a Grammar school in 1768. Four years passed before the trustees met in May 1771 to present their subscriptions and choose the location for the college. A vote of ten to seven placed the college in New Brunswick."
43. Our History December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University. Accessed December 11, 2019. "1771 – The first class is held A handful of students attend class at a converted tavern, the Sign of the Red Lion, at the corner of Albany and Neilson streets in New Brunswick. Today, original stones from the building are incorporated into a bench near the center of Voorhees Mall on the College Avenue Campus, a 40th reunion gift from the Class of 1939. 1774 – The first commencement Matthew Leydt is the only graduate in the first commencement class."
44. Benedict, William H. "Early Taverns in New Brunswick", in Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, p. 136. New Jersey Historical Society, 1918, Volume 3, Issue 3. Accessed December 11, 2019.
45. Paths to Historic Rutgers: A Self-Guided Tour August 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University Libraries. Accessed December 11, 2019. "Old Queen's, the home of the administrative officers of Rutgers University, was originally known as the Queens College building. Designed in 1808–09 by the noted architect, John McComb, who also designed City Hall in New York, the building is one of the finest examples of Federal architecture in the United States. When first occupied in 1811, Old Queens housed the academic work of the College, the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, and the Rutgers Preparatory School, then known as the Grammar School."
46. Fuentes, Marisa; and White, Deborah.Scarlet and Black: Slavery and Dispossession in Rutgers History December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University Press, 2016, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Accessed December 11, 2019.
47. "Old Queens Reigns at Rutgers for 200 Years The university celebrates the state's oldest, intact higher education building" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers Today, April 27, 2009. Accessed December 12, 2019. "The cornerstone of Old Queens was laid April 27, 1809. The building originally housed the university's preparatory school, college and theological seminary as well as residential units for faculty. Old Queens is now occupied by Rutgers’ central administrative offices."
48. Paths to Historic Rutgers: A Self-Guided Tour – Alexander Johnston Hall August 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University. Accessed August 29, 2017. "Alexander Johnston Hall was built by Nicholas Wyckoff in 1830 to provide a home for the Rutgers Preparatory School, which had shared space in Old Queens with the College and New Brunswick Theological Seminary since 1811."
49. History November 4, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University. Accessed July 13, 2016. "In 1945 and 1956, state legislative acts designated Rutgers as The State University of New Jersey, a public institution."
50. Rutgers College Grammar School May 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University Common Repository. Accessed August 18, 2013. "The Rutgers Preparatory School remained in New Brunswick until 1957, when it moved to its current location in Somerset, N.J."
51. 2016–17 Academic Catalog August 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New Brunswick Theological Seminary. Accessed August 29, 2017. "In 1796, the school moved to Brooklyn and in 1810 to New Brunswick, to serve better the church and its candidates for ministry. Since 1856, New Brunswick Seminary has carried on its life and work on its present New Brunswick campus."
52. Heyboer, Kelly. "New Brunswick Theological Seminary sells part of historic campus to Rutgers for a fresh start" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 8, 2013, updated March 30, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019. "In a complex deal that will transform part of downtown New Brunswick, the nation's oldest Protestant seminary is selling most of its hilltop campus to neighboring Rutgers University. The seminary is using the cash to build a new state-of-the-art building at the base of the hill on the corner of College Avenue. New Brunswick Theological Seminary officials say the radical decision to sell and demolish 10 buildings on one of New Jersey's most historic campuses is an answer to their prayers."
53. Armstead, Shaun; Sutter, Brenann; Walker, Pamela; Wiesner, Caitlin (2016). ""And I Poor Slave Yet": The Precarity of Black Life in New Brunswick, 1766–1835". In Fuentes, Marisa; White, Deborah Gray (eds.). Scarlet and Black: Slavery and Dispossession in Rutgers History. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. pp. 91–122. ISBN 9780813591520. JSTOR j.ctt1k3s9r0.9.
54. An act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery April 30, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University Libraries. Accessed December 12, 2019.
55. New Jersey's African American Tour Guide March 28, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Commerce and Economic Growth Commission. Accessed December 17, 2014. "At the southern edge of the Gateway Region is New Brunswick, a town with much culture to offer and African American history to explore. African Americans were living here as far back as 1790, and by 1810, the Census listed 53 free Blacks—and 164 slaves—out of the 469 families then living in town. One of the state's oldest Black churches, Mt. Zion A.M.E., at 25 Division Street, was founded in 1825."
56. Makin, Cheryl. "AME churches celebrate spirituality, longevity" June 4, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Courier News, October 27, 2017. Accessed December 12, 2019. "The historic Mount Zion A.M.E. Church-New Brunswick is the oldest African American church in Middlesex County. Now at 39 Hildebrand Way, the church began with a small plot of land on Division Street in 1827. The church was founded by a mix of 'enslaved and free people,' 36 years prior to the Emancipation Proclamation, said Eric Billips, pastor since 2013 at Mount Zion A.M.E. Church-New Brunswick.... In 1827, records show that Joseph and Jane Hoagland, along with other black men and women in the New Brunswick area, were founders of the church."
57. Wright, Giles R. "Afro-Americans in New Jersey: a short history – Appendix 3" November 15, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Historical Commission, 1989, Trenton, New Jersey. Accessed December 12, 2019.
58. "New Brunswick Walk, 2003" November 25, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers University. Accessed December 12, 2019. "New Brunswick has been called 'the most Hungarian city in the US' because proportionately it once had more Hungarians than any other city. In 1915, out of a total population of 30,013, there were 5,572 Hungarians. The first immigrants came in 1888 and there followed, in the early twentieth century, many skilled workers who found employment in the former cigar factory on Somerset Street and at J and J."
59. Gurowitz, Margaret. "Hungarian University" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Kilmer House, June 19, 2008. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Large numbers of Hungarians settled in New Jersey and especially in New Brunswick, which had lots of industry to provide employment. Besides Johnson & Johnson, there was a cigar box manufacturer (which explains why many of our early medicated plasters were in cigar-box packaging…we bought the boxes from the neighboring factory), a button factory, a wallpaper factory, and more."
60. "Magyar Bank – New Brunswick, New Jersey" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Hungarian Free Press, November 10, 2018. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Magyar Bank has an interesting history. Originally it was founded in 1922 as the Magyar Building and Loan Association by local Hungarian immigrants. Most of these Hungarian Americans settled in the city's Fifth Ward and the bank provided loans for their families."
61. Coriden, Guy E. , Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed December 12, 2019. "As of 1 September 1957, approximately 35,000 of these refugees had accepted asylum in the US. In early November 1956, when it became apparent that a massive influx of Hungarians was going to have to be resettled, it was decided that Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, would be the processing center for all of the refugees.... From the arrival of the first refugees on 21 November 1956 until early May 1957, when Camp Kilmer was closed, transportation was provided by 214 MATS flights, 5 military Sea Transport Service (MSTS) ocean voyages, and 133 flights chartered by the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM)."
62. "40 of the best things to do this weekend in NJ — May 31 – Jun 2" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ 101.5, May 30, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019. "44th Annual Hungarian Festival The Hungarian Festival comes to New Brunswick for the 44th year in a row! Experience all things Hungarian as Somerset Street is transformed – enjoy fine Hungarian foods, great Hungarian dances and music."
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67. Picard, Joseph. "New Brunswick Plan Debates" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 28, 1987. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Johnson & Johnson, the multinational medical-supplies giant based here since 1886, set the redevelopment in motion in 1973 by calling in consultants to consider its feasibility. One, the American City Corporation of Columbia, Md., has been credited with setting the direction for the revitalization. By 1975, New Brunswick Tomorrow (N.B.T.) and the New Brunswick Development Corporation (Devco) had started up, the former as the revitalization's promotional arm and the latter as its chief developer. They have, from the beginning, shared in and promoted Johnson & Johnson's vision for New Brunswick's future."
68. , The Daily Targum, January 25, 2006, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 11, 2007. Accessed August 29, 2017.
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70. Rangel, Jesus. "Raids by Housing Inspectors Anger Jersey Neighborhood" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, March 12, 1988. Accessed December 12, 2019. "When city officials, acting on a tip, found that illegal immigrants were crowding into houses in a poor neighborhood here, they began a campaign to crack down on building-code violations.... But to many residents of Ward 2, particularly its Mexicans, Dominicans, Central Americans and Puerto Ricans, the inspections have been raids aimed at the neighborhood because it lies in the path of New Brunswick's urban-renewal plans.... The site of the hotel and conference center used to be the Hiram Street market area, a predominantly Puerto Rican and Dominican neighborhood."
71. "Students protest DevCo redevelopment", The Daily Targum, September 15, 1999.
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74. Attrino, Anthony G. "John J. Heldrich, former top executive at Johnson & Johnson and civic leader, dies at 88" June 22, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, October 28, 2014, updated March 29, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019.
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76. Peet, Judy. "Private company's redevelopment of New Brunswick could be model for Atlantic City revamp" June 20, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The Star-Ledger, August 29, 2010, updated April 1, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Currently in the works are a 632,000-square-foot 'transit village' adjacent to the train station and $165 million research tower. Devco now owns 2 million square feet of space in the city, including the Middlesex County courthouse, according to Devco records. Unlike redevelopment in Newark and Camden, the Devco model didn't try to revitalize multiple neighborhoods with individual projects, but instead concentrated on a small, extremely dense corridor within approximately 10 blocks of the New Brunswick train station."
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79. Miller, Paige. "In New Brunswick, one development tackles multiple community needs" June 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Smart Growth America, May 7, 2012. Accessed December 13, 2019. "When Smart Growth America's coalition partner New Jersey Future announced its 2012 Smart Growth Award winners in April, it was no surprise that New Brunswick's Gateway Transit Village received the award for Transit-Oriented Development Partnership. The Gateway Transit Village is a new development in downtown New Brunswick that includes parking, retail, office and residential space. Gateway is known as a transit-oriented development because it is located across from a train station, easily connecting the building's tenants and patrons to transit."
80. Nurin, Tara. "Explainer: How Downtown New Brunswick Has Emerged from Its Doldrums" December 13, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Spotlight, January 13, 2015. Accessed December 13, 2019. "Now, however, Rutgers, the New Brunswick Development Corp. (Devco), the mayor's office, and influential private firms are redrawing the residential, academic and commercial landscape of the greater downtown area. They're building on the success of earlier urban-renewal projects; Rutgers’ rise in national academic and athletic standings; millennials’ desire for transit-friendly live-work-play destinations; and powerful economic incentives."
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84. , Rutgers University, backed up by the Internet Archive as of August 20, 2008. Accessed March 27, 2014. "The original building was 55 feet wide, 45 feet deep, and 20 feet high...A steeple, consisting of a tower and spire, was added in 1773. The steeple design was based on that of St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London. At the time it was constructed, the steeple was the highest point in town. Unfortunately, it seems that the original construction of the steeple was not altogether sound as the congregation began taking subscriptions for steeple repair in 1786. Following the first repair job, the steeple was struck by lightning in 1803 and it burned to the ground. It was rebuilt the same year through new subscriptions, and the tower portion of the steeple (as opposed to the spire) still stands."
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99. Lustig, Jay. "Plan unveiled for new performing arts center in New Brunswick" August 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Arts, February 7, 2017. Accessed December 13, 2019. "New Brunswick's Theater Row — the only one of its kind in New Jersey — is getting a major facelift. The side-by-side buildings housing the George Street Playhouse and the Crossroads Theatre Company on Livingston Avenue in downtown New Brunswick will be razed, and a new tower will be built that will be their home, among other things.... 'In 2019, our residents and visitors will be able to enjoy two brand new state-of-the-art theater spaces complete with a new parking facility and a mixed use tower containing 25 floors of office space and residential units,' said New Brunswick mayor James Cahill at a press conference, today at the Crossroads Theatre."
100. Clark, Adam. "Rutgers to partner with New Brunswick on downtown arts theater" June 22, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, April 6, 2017, updated January 16, 2019. Accessed December 13, 2019. "In a deal that will allow Rutgers University to launch a new musical theater program, the university plans to contribute $17 million to a performing arts theater in downtown New Brunswick, pending approval from its Board of Governors. The board is scheduled to vote Thursday on a partnership between the university, the New Brunswick Development Corporation and the New Brunswick Cultural Center. If approved, the plan will lead to the long-awaited $60 million, 60,000-square-foot New Brunswick Performing Arts Center opening in 2019."
101. "Rutgers Enters Partnership to Build Performing Arts Center Board of Governors approves university's investment in center that paves way for expanded programming at Mason Gross School of the Arts" June 22, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rutgers Today, April 6, 2017. Accessed December 13, 2019. "The Rutgers Board of Governors today approved the university's investment as a partial owner of the 60,000-square-foot New Brunswick Performing Arts Center. The new facility will be part of a 450,000-square-foot development that also will include office space and residential units on the site of the existing George Street Playhouse and Crossroads Theatre in downtown New Brunswick."
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116. Lissner, Caren. "New Brunswick Opens Its $172 Million Performing Arts Center" September 20, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Jersey Digs, September 9, 2019. Accessed December 16, 2019. "The 23-story New Brunswick Performing Arts Center (NBPAC) complex opened on September 4 with an event drawing 450 guests to celebrate the long-awaited $172 million project, which includes two theaters, office space, and 207 apartments for artists and performers."
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177. Capuzzo, Jill C. "Education; When High School Is Much More" May 10, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, January 21, 2001. Accessed December 13, 2019. "When they are not at the hospital, students are taking classes, many of which integrate health science-related themes, at the modular three-story building down the block. Touted as New Jersey's first 'option school' affiliated with a teaching hospital and medical school, the Health Sciences Technology School, opened last May for New Brunswick high school students interested in exploring careers in health care."
178. Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "Legislation was amended again in 2004 to include Gloucester City and New Brunswick, creating a total of 32 zones in 37 municipalities."
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April 27, 2024