fbpx
Wikipedia

Theater District, Manhattan

May 07, 2023

"Broadway Theater District" redirects here. For the Los Angeles district, see Broadway Theater District (Los Angeles). For other uses, see Theater District (disambiguation).

New York City's Theater District, sometimes spelled Theatre District and officially zoned as the "Theater Subdistrict",[2] is an area and neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan where most Broadway theaters are located, in addition to other theaters, movie theaters, restaurants, hotels, and other places of entertainment. It is bounded by West 40th Street on the south, West 54th Street on the north, Sixth Avenue on the east and Eighth Avenue on the west, and includes Times Square. The Great White Way is the name given to the section of Broadway which runs through the Theater District.

Theater District
Neighborhood of Manhattan
The Golden Theatre, Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre, Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre and Booth Theatre on West 45th Street in Manhattan's Theater District
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°45′32″N 73°59′06″W / 40.759°N 73.985°W / 40.759; -73.985Coordinates: 40°45′32″N 73°59′06″W / 40.759°N 73.985°W / 40.759; -73.985
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CityNew York City
BoroughManhattan
Zip code
10018, 10019, 10036[1]
Area codes212, 332, 646, and 917

It also contains recording studios, record label offices, theatrical agencies, television studios, restaurants, movie theaters, Duffy Square, Shubert Alley, the Brill Building, and Madame Tussauds New York.[3][4][5]

Boundaries

The City of New York defines the subdistrict for zoning purposes to extend from 40th Street to 57th Street and from Sixth Avenue to Eighth Avenue, with an additional area west of Eighth Avenue from 42nd Street to 45th Street.[6] The Times Square Alliance, a Business Improvement District organization dedicated to improving the Theater District, defines the district as an irregularly shaped area within the bounding box of 40th Street, 6th Avenue, 53rd Street, and 9th Avenue.[7] As of 2018, the Vivian Beaumont Theater (part of Lincoln Center) is the only Broadway-class theater not located in the Theater District.

Other nearby theater areas

The area known as Theatre Row is an area on 42nd Street from Ninth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue, which includes many Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway theaters.

History

Origins and early history

In 1836, mayor Cornelius Lawrence opened 42nd Street to encourage the city's northern expansion, saying "move up town and enjoy the pure, clean air".[8] The Theater District began attracting theaters and restaurants after the Metropolitan Opera House moved to West 39th Street and Broadway in 1883.[9] Oscar Hammerstein I opened his Victoria Theatre on 42nd Street in 1899.[8] Accessibility to the Theater District improved as electrified trolley lines started in 1899, followed by the opening of the New York City Subway's first line in 1904.[8]

"The Great White Way" is a nickname for a section of Broadway in Midtown Manhattan that encompasses the Theater District. In 1880, Broadway between Union Square and Madison Square was illuminated by Brush arc lamps, making it among the first electrically lighted streets in the United States.[10] By the 1890s, 23rd Street to 34th Street was so brightly illuminated by electrical advertising signs people began calling it "The Great White Way".[11] As the theater district shifted uptown just before the turn of the century, the nickname stuck and became synonymous.[12]

Over the years, the district has been referred to by New Yorkers as "the Rialto", "The Main Stem", and "Broadway". Around the turn of the 20th century, it was simply called "The Street".[13][14]

By the 1970s, 42nd Street was seedy and run-down; X-rated movie houses, peep shows, and so-called grind houses began to locate there. It was considered by some New Yorkers as a somewhat dangerous place to venture. However, in the 1990s the entire area was significantly revitalized by the city. Most of the adult theater businesses closed and an array of new theaters, multiplex movie houses, restaurants, and tourist attractions opened.[4]

In 1974, the exterior of the Lyceum Theatre became the first Broadway theatre to receive the landmark status designation from the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC).[12][15] This was followed in 1979 by the exterior and interior of the New Amsterdam Theatre.[16]

Preservation

Joe Papp's "Save the Theatres" campaign

In early 1982, Joseph Papp, the Broadway theatrical producer, and director who had established The Public Theater, led a campaign called "Save the Theatres" in Manhattan.[17] The primary initial goal of the "Save the Theatres" effort, which was sponsored by Papp's not-for-profit group and supported by the Actors Equity union, was to save several theater buildings in the Theatre District neighborhood from their impending demolition by monied Manhattan development interests.[18][19][20][21] Papp provided financial resources, campaign buttons, posters, and newspaper ads for the effort; recruited a publicist and actors to promote the cause; and provided a various stage and street venues for public events in support of the campaign for saving the historic theatres.[19]

At Papp's behest, in July 1982, U.S. Representative Donald J. Mitchell of New York and 13 co-sponsors[a] introduced a bill titled "A bill to designate the Broadway/Times Square Theatre District in the City of New York as a national historic site" (H.R. 6885).[23] The proposed legislation, which was not enacted, would have required the Federal Government to aid financially and otherwise in preserving the district and its historic theatre houses as an official National Historic Site.[23]

The Save the Theatres campaign then turned their efforts toward supporting the establishment of the Theater District as a New York City historic district under the purview of the LPC.[24][25] In December 1983, Save the Theatres prepared "The Broadway Theater District, a Preservation Development and Management Plan," and demanded that each theater in the district receive landmark designation.[25] Mayor Ed Koch ultimately responded by creating a Theater Advisory Council, that included Papp as a member,[19] and which eventually led to the area being officially zoned as the "Theater Subdistrict".[2] Each theater's land lot could be developed with a certain maximum floor area, but many theaters used far less floor area than the maximum. The zoning plan allowed the unused development rights on the theaters' site to be sold to developers of nearby buildings that needed more than the maximum floor area.[26]

Landmark status for individual theaters

The LPC considered protecting close to 50 "legitimate theaters" as individual city landmarks in 1982, following the destruction of the Helen Hayes and Morosco theatres. A city-landmark status would prevent the theaters from being modified without the LPC's permission, thereby protecting them from development. The landmarks under consideration included both facades and interiors, which were designated separately.[27] Manhattan Community Board 5, under whose jurisdiction the vast majority of the theaters fell, supported many of the proposed landmark protections.[28] An advisory panel under mayor Koch voted to allow the LPC consider theaters not only on their historical significance but also on their architectural merits.[29] In response to objections from some of the major theatrical operators, several dozen scenic and lighting designers offered to work on the LPC for creating guidelines for potential landmarks.[30]

The first theaters to be landmarked under the 1982 plan were the Neil Simon, Ambassador, and Virginia (August Wilson) in August 1985.[31][32] The landmark plan was then deferred temporarily until some landmark guidelines were enacted;[33] the guidelines, implemented in December 1985, allowed operators to modify theaters for productions without having to consult the LPC.[34][35] The three theaters' operators objected to the landmark statuses.[35][36]

Landmark designations of theaters increased significantly in 1987,[37] starting with the Palace in mid-1987.[38] The LPC designated the Al Hirschfeld, Belasco, Booth, and Brooks Atkinson,[39][40] as well as the Broadhurst, Ethel Barrymore, and Biltmore in early November 1987.[41][39] This was followed by the Cort, 46th Street (Richard Rodgers), John Golden, Hayes, Hudson, Imperial, and Mark Hellinger later the same month, as well as the Embassy, which was never a Broadway venue.[42] In December 1987, the LPC designated the Eugene O'Neill, Henry Miller's (Stephen Sondheim), Longacre, Lunt-Fontanne, Majestic, Music Box, and Plymouth (Gerald Schoenfeld) as landmarks, as well as the Lyceum's interior.[43] These actions brought the number of current or former Broadway theaters with landmark status to 26.[44] Five more landmarks were designated by early 1988: the Ed Sullivan, Royale (Bernard B. Jacobs), Shubert, St. James, and Winter Garden.[45]

In March 1988, the New York City Board of Estimate approved the 28 landmark designations that had been approved in 1987 and 1988.[46][47] Of these, both the interior and exterior of 19 theaters were protected, while only the interiors of seven theaters (including the Lyceum, whose exterior was already protected) and the exteriors of two theaters were approved.[47] Several theater owners argued that the landmark designations impacted them negatively, despite Koch's outreach to theater owners.[48] The Shuberts, the Nederlanders, and Jujamcyn collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified.[49] The New York Supreme Court upheld the LPC's designations of these theaters the next year.[50][51] The dispute went all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States, which upheld the designations in 1992.[52]

Theater Subdistrict zoning

In January 2001, the New York Appellate Division, First Department in Fisher v. Giuliani, partially upheld the 1998 expansion of the Theater Subdistrict zoning regulations, which added receiving sites along Eighth Avenue where development rights from the landmarked Broadway theaters could be sold. Community and civil society organizations opposed the expansion of the district as it would impinge the nearby residential neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen/Clinton. The court objection, filed in 1999, did not challenge the pre-existing Theater Subdistrict itself or the original development rights zoning legislation.[53]

Under the 1998 zoning regulation, New York City also created the Theater Subdistrict Council (TSC), a not-for-profit corporation.[54] The TSC administers the Theater Subdistrict Fund and allocates grants.[54]

The New York City Zoning Resolution for special purpose districts, as amended on April 30, 2012, contains special regulations for the Theater Subdistrict, including the transfer of development rights, incentives for the rehabilitation of existing theaters, the creation of a theater council to promote theaters, and zoning and signage for theaters, and contains a list of theaters that qualify for special provisions in the regulations.[55]

Points of interest

See also

References

Informational notes

  1. ^ Co-sponsors of the Mitchell bill included: Rep. Michael D. Barnes (MD), Rep. Barber B. Conable, Jr. (NY), Rep. Thomas A. Daschle (SD), Rep. Arlen Erdahl (MN), Rep. David W. Evans (IN), Rep. Hamilton Fish, Jr. (NY), Rep. Thomas M. Foglietta (PA), Rep. Peter A. Peyser (NY), Rep. Peter W. Rodino, Jr. (NJ), Rep. Louis Stokes (OH), Rep. Ted Weiss (NY), Rep. George C. Wortley (NY), and Rep. Ron Wyden (OR).[22]

Notes

  1. ^ "New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY)". Zipmap.net. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  2. ^ a b . NYC.gov. Archived from the original on March 14, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  3. ^ Editors of Time Out (2011). Time Out New York. Time Out Guides. ISBN 9781846702105. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  4. ^ a b Eleanor Berman (2013). Top 10 New York City. Penguin. ISBN 9781465407931. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  5. ^ Sascha Zuger (2011). Moon New York State. Avalon Travel. ISBN 9781612380872. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  6. ^ "Special Purpose Districts: Manhattan: Special Midtown Districts" on the official NYC website. Accessed: February 21, 2013
  7. ^ Times Square: Times Square/Theater District Dining
  8. ^ a b c "Broadway History". Spotlight on Broadway. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  9. ^ AnneLise Sorensen, Eleanor Berman (2012). DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: New York City. Penguin. ISBN 9780756691189. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  10. ^ Burrows & Wallace 1999, p. 1063.
  11. ^ Burrows & Wallace 1999, p. 1066.
  12. ^ a b Jaramillo, Carina (August 8, 2016). "History of Theater on Broadway". Octane Seating.
  13. ^ Irving L. Allen (1995). City In Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195357769. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  14. ^ William R. Taylor (April 22, 1996). Inventing Times Square: Commerce and Culture at the Crossroads of the World. JHU Press. ISBN 9780801853371. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  15. ^ Gerston, Jill (November 27, 1974). "2 City Areas Made Landmarks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  16. ^ Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press. pp. 702–704. ISBN 978-1-58093-177-9. OCLC 70267065. OL 22741487M.
  17. ^ The name of the organization was "Save the Theatres, Inc., as noted in court papers. See Shubert Organization, Inc. v. Landmarks Preservation Commission of the City of New York and Save the Theatres, Inc. May 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Supreme Court of New York, Appellate Division, First Department, May 16, 1991, accessed March 10, 2013
  18. ^ "Proposal to Save Morosco and Helen Hayes Theaters", LHP Architects, accessed March 10, 2013
  19. ^ a b c Helen Epstein (1994). Joe Papp: An American Life. Little, Brown. p. 403. ISBN 9780316246040. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
  20. ^ "City Panel Near Vote On Save-The-Theaters Proposals". The New York Times. New York City. April 15, 1984. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
  21. ^ Corwin, Betty "Theatre on film and tape archive" September 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts, accessed May 10, 2013
  22. ^ Bill Summary & Status – 97th Congress (1981–1982) – H.R.6885 - Co-Sponsors[permanent dead link] Thomas.loc.gov. Retrieved December 10, 2015
  23. ^ a b "H.R.6885 - A bill to designate the Broadway/Times Square Theatre District in the City of New York as a national historic site, and for other purposes.". Bill of July 27, 1982. Retrieved December 10, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  24. ^ Lynne B. Sagalyn (2003). Times Square Roulette: Remaking the City Icon. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262692953. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  25. ^ a b Peter Bosselmann (August 28, 1985). Representation of Places – Imprimé: Reality and Realism in City Design. ISBN 9780520918269. Retrieved February 26, 2013.
  26. ^ Gottlieb, Martin (September 19, 1983). "Innovative Zoning Plan Could Aid Theaters: Novel Zoning Plan Could Aid Theaters and West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  27. ^ Goodwin, Michael (April 16, 1982). "Midtown Theaters Surveyed for Landmark Designation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  28. ^ Dunlap, David W. (October 20, 1982). "Landmark Status Sought for Theaters". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  29. ^ "THE CITY; City Panel Splits On Theater Plan". The New York Times. October 14, 1983. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  30. ^ Johnston, Laurie; Anderson, Susan Heller (June 23, 1983). "New York Day by Day; Doing Justice to Landmakers And to Theater Interiors". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  31. ^ Schmalz, Jeffrey (August 7, 1985). "Landmarks Panel Listing Broadway Theaters". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  32. ^ Polsky, Carol (August 7, 1985). "3 Theaters Named Landmarks". Newsday. p. 32. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  33. ^ Schmalz, Jeffrey (August 14, 1985). "Panel Postpones Landmark Plan for the Theaters". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  34. ^ "Legitimate: Landmarks Panel Issues Guidelines; Owners Not Happy". Variety. Vol. 321, no. 8. December 18, 1985. pp. 89, 94. ProQuest 1438433105.
  35. ^ a b Shepard, Joan (December 19, 1985). "Limit on B'way landmarks urged". Daily News. p. 165. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  36. ^ Barbanel, Josh (December 20, 1985). "Theater Owners Ask Board to Delay Landmark Status". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  37. ^ Dunlap, David W. (November 22, 1987). "The Region; The City Casts Its Theaters In Stone". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2021.
  38. ^ Dunlap, David W. (June 22, 1987). "Panel Weighs Designating Theater as Landmark". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  39. ^ a b "Legitimate: Landmarks Panel Names 5 Theaters". Variety. Vol. 329, no. 3. November 11, 1987. p. 93. ProQuest 1286133538.
  40. ^ Dunlap, David W. (November 5, 1987). "5 More Broadway Theaters Classified as Landmarks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  41. ^ Shepard, Joan; Lippman, Barbara (November 11, 1987). "3 theaters get landmark status". Daily News. p. 79. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  42. ^ Dunlap, David W. (November 18, 1987). "Plan Blocked for Tower Atop Landmark". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  43. ^ Dunlap, David W. (December 14, 1987). "7 Theaters Become Landmarks; Owners Plan Appeal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  44. ^ Oser, Alan S. (February 14, 1988). "Perspectives: Midtown Theaters; Offering an Incentive for Preservation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  45. ^ Dunlap, David W. (March 10, 1988). "Landmark Theaters Are Up for Vote". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  46. ^ Harney, James (March 12, 1988). "Frozen in stage they're now in". Daily News. p. 94. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  47. ^ a b Purdum, Todd S. (March 12, 1988). "28 Theaters Are Approved As Landmarks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  48. ^ Blau, Eleanor (January 11, 1988). "Koch Is to Hold Talks With Theater Council". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  49. ^ Dunlap, David W. (June 21, 1988). "Owners File Suit to Revoke Theaters' Landmark Status". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  50. ^ Sullivan, Ronald (December 8, 1989). "Theaters' Landmark Status Upheld". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  51. ^ Walsh, Thomas (December 15, 1989). "$200 Million Landmark Lawsuit Dismissed; Designations Are Intact". Back Stage. Vol. 30, no. 50. pp. 1A, 4A. ProQuest 962873540.
  52. ^ Dunlap, David W. (May 27, 1992). "High Court Upholds Naming Of 22 Theaters as Landmarks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
  53. ^ Fisher v. Giuliani, 280 A.D.2d 13, 720 (N.Y.S.2d 2001).
  54. ^ a b . Nyc.gov. Archived from the original on March 14, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
  55. ^ "The City of New York Zoning Resolution; Article VIII; Chapter 1;" (PDF). Mayor Bloomberg; New York City Planning Commission; Department of City Planning. May 25, 2012. Retrieved February 25, 2013.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Bianco, Anthony (2004). Ghosts of 42nd Street: A History of America's Most Infamous Block. New York: HarperCollins Books, ISBN 0-688-17089-7. A detailed history that focuses primarily of the Times Square Theater District from the beginning of the 20th century through its successful revival/restoration in the late 20th century.

External links

  • NYC.com Visitor Guide: Theater District (official site of New York City)
  • Theater District Dining (official site of Times Square)

May 07, 2023
theater, district, manhattan, broadway, theater, district, redirects, here, angeles, district, broadway, theater, district, angeles, other, uses, theater, district, disambiguation, york, city, theater, district, sometimes, spelled, theatre, district, officiall. Broadway Theater District redirects here For the Los Angeles district see Broadway Theater District Los Angeles For other uses see Theater District disambiguation New York City s Theater District sometimes spelled Theatre District and officially zoned as the Theater Subdistrict 2 is an area and neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan where most Broadway theaters are located in addition to other theaters movie theaters restaurants hotels and other places of entertainment It is bounded by West 40th Street on the south West 54th Street on the north Sixth Avenue on the east and Eighth Avenue on the west and includes Times Square The Great White Way is the name given to the section of Broadway which runs through the Theater District Theater DistrictNeighborhood of ManhattanThe Golden Theatre Bernard B Jacobs Theatre Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre and Booth Theatre on West 45th Street in Manhattan s Theater DistrictLocation in New York CityCoordinates 40 45 32 N 73 59 06 W 40 759 N 73 985 W 40 759 73 985 Coordinates 40 45 32 N 73 59 06 W 40 759 N 73 985 W 40 759 73 985CountryUnited StatesStateNew YorkCityNew York CityBoroughManhattanZip code10018 10019 10036 1 Area codes212 332 646 and 917It also contains recording studios record label offices theatrical agencies television studios restaurants movie theaters Duffy Square Shubert Alley the Brill Building and Madame Tussauds New York 3 4 5 Contents 1 Boundaries 1 1 Other nearby theater areas 2 History 2 1 Origins and early history 2 2 Preservation 2 2 1 Joe Papp s Save the Theatres campaign 2 2 2 Landmark status for individual theaters 2 3 Theater Subdistrict zoning 3 Points of interest 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBoundaries EditThe City of New York defines the subdistrict for zoning purposes to extend from 40th Street to 57th Street and from Sixth Avenue to Eighth Avenue with an additional area west of Eighth Avenue from 42nd Street to 45th Street 6 The Times Square Alliance a Business Improvement District organization dedicated to improving the Theater District defines the district as an irregularly shaped area within the bounding box of 40th Street 6th Avenue 53rd Street and 9th Avenue 7 As of 2018 the Vivian Beaumont Theater part of Lincoln Center is the only Broadway class theater not located in the Theater District Other nearby theater areas Edit The area known as Theatre Row is an area on 42nd Street from Ninth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue which includes many Off Broadway and Off Off Broadway theaters History EditOrigins and early history Edit In 1836 mayor Cornelius Lawrence opened 42nd Street to encourage the city s northern expansion saying move up town and enjoy the pure clean air 8 The Theater District began attracting theaters and restaurants after the Metropolitan Opera House moved to West 39th Street and Broadway in 1883 9 Oscar Hammerstein I opened his Victoria Theatre on 42nd Street in 1899 8 Accessibility to the Theater District improved as electrified trolley lines started in 1899 followed by the opening of the New York City Subway s first line in 1904 8 The Great White Way is a nickname for a section of Broadway in Midtown Manhattan that encompasses the Theater District In 1880 Broadway between Union Square and Madison Square was illuminated by Brush arc lamps making it among the first electrically lighted streets in the United States 10 By the 1890s 23rd Street to 34th Street was so brightly illuminated by electrical advertising signs people began calling it The Great White Way 11 As the theater district shifted uptown just before the turn of the century the nickname stuck and became synonymous 12 Over the years the district has been referred to by New Yorkers as the Rialto The Main Stem and Broadway Around the turn of the 20th century it was simply called The Street 13 14 By the 1970s 42nd Street was seedy and run down X rated movie houses peep shows and so called grind houses began to locate there It was considered by some New Yorkers as a somewhat dangerous place to venture However in the 1990s the entire area was significantly revitalized by the city Most of the adult theater businesses closed and an array of new theaters multiplex movie houses restaurants and tourist attractions opened 4 In 1974 the exterior of the Lyceum Theatre became the first Broadway theatre to receive the landmark status designation from the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC 12 15 This was followed in 1979 by the exterior and interior of the New Amsterdam Theatre 16 Preservation Edit Joe Papp s Save the Theatres campaign Edit In early 1982 Joseph Papp the Broadway theatrical producer and director who had established The Public Theater led a campaign called Save the Theatres in Manhattan 17 The primary initial goal of the Save the Theatres effort which was sponsored by Papp s not for profit group and supported by the Actors Equity union was to save several theater buildings in the Theatre District neighborhood from their impending demolition by monied Manhattan development interests 18 19 20 21 Papp provided financial resources campaign buttons posters and newspaper ads for the effort recruited a publicist and actors to promote the cause and provided a various stage and street venues for public events in support of the campaign for saving the historic theatres 19 At Papp s behest in July 1982 U S Representative Donald J Mitchell of New York and 13 co sponsors a introduced a bill titled A bill to designate the Broadway Times Square Theatre District in the City of New York as a national historic site H R 6885 23 The proposed legislation which was not enacted would have required the Federal Government to aid financially and otherwise in preserving the district and its historic theatre houses as an official National Historic Site 23 The Save the Theatres campaign then turned their efforts toward supporting the establishment of the Theater District as a New York City historic district under the purview of the LPC 24 25 In December 1983 Save the Theatres prepared The Broadway Theater District a Preservation Development and Management Plan and demanded that each theater in the district receive landmark designation 25 Mayor Ed Koch ultimately responded by creating a Theater Advisory Council that included Papp as a member 19 and which eventually led to the area being officially zoned as the Theater Subdistrict 2 Each theater s land lot could be developed with a certain maximum floor area but many theaters used far less floor area than the maximum The zoning plan allowed the unused development rights on the theaters site to be sold to developers of nearby buildings that needed more than the maximum floor area 26 Landmark status for individual theaters Edit The LPC considered protecting close to 50 legitimate theaters as individual city landmarks in 1982 following the destruction of the Helen Hayes and Morosco theatres A city landmark status would prevent the theaters from being modified without the LPC s permission thereby protecting them from development The landmarks under consideration included both facades and interiors which were designated separately 27 Manhattan Community Board 5 under whose jurisdiction the vast majority of the theaters fell supported many of the proposed landmark protections 28 An advisory panel under mayor Koch voted to allow the LPC consider theaters not only on their historical significance but also on their architectural merits 29 In response to objections from some of the major theatrical operators several dozen scenic and lighting designers offered to work on the LPC for creating guidelines for potential landmarks 30 The first theaters to be landmarked under the 1982 plan were the Neil Simon Ambassador and Virginia August Wilson in August 1985 31 32 The landmark plan was then deferred temporarily until some landmark guidelines were enacted 33 the guidelines implemented in December 1985 allowed operators to modify theaters for productions without having to consult the LPC 34 35 The three theaters operators objected to the landmark statuses 35 36 Landmark designations of theaters increased significantly in 1987 37 starting with the Palace in mid 1987 38 The LPC designated the Al Hirschfeld Belasco Booth and Brooks Atkinson 39 40 as well as the Broadhurst Ethel Barrymore and Biltmore in early November 1987 41 39 This was followed by the Cort 46th Street Richard Rodgers John Golden Hayes Hudson Imperial and Mark Hellinger later the same month as well as the Embassy which was never a Broadway venue 42 In December 1987 the LPC designated the Eugene O Neill Henry Miller s Stephen Sondheim Longacre Lunt Fontanne Majestic Music Box and Plymouth Gerald Schoenfeld as landmarks as well as the Lyceum s interior 43 These actions brought the number of current or former Broadway theaters with landmark status to 26 44 Five more landmarks were designated by early 1988 the Ed Sullivan Royale Bernard B Jacobs Shubert St James and Winter Garden 45 In March 1988 the New York City Board of Estimate approved the 28 landmark designations that had been approved in 1987 and 1988 46 47 Of these both the interior and exterior of 19 theaters were protected while only the interiors of seven theaters including the Lyceum whose exterior was already protected and the exteriors of two theaters were approved 47 Several theater owners argued that the landmark designations impacted them negatively despite Koch s outreach to theater owners 48 The Shuberts the Nederlanders and Jujamcyn collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified 49 The New York Supreme Court upheld the LPC s designations of these theaters the next year 50 51 The dispute went all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States which upheld the designations in 1992 52 Theater Subdistrict zoning Edit In January 2001 the New York Appellate Division First Department in Fisher v Giuliani partially upheld the 1998 expansion of the Theater Subdistrict zoning regulations which added receiving sites along Eighth Avenue where development rights from the landmarked Broadway theaters could be sold Community and civil society organizations opposed the expansion of the district as it would impinge the nearby residential neighborhood of Hell s Kitchen Clinton The court objection filed in 1999 did not challenge the pre existing Theater Subdistrict itself or the original development rights zoning legislation 53 Under the 1998 zoning regulation New York City also created the Theater Subdistrict Council TSC a not for profit corporation 54 The TSC administers the Theater Subdistrict Fund and allocates grants 54 The New York City Zoning Resolution for special purpose districts as amended on April 30 2012 contains special regulations for the Theater Subdistrict including the transfer of development rights incentives for the rehabilitation of existing theaters the creation of a theater council to promote theaters and zoning and signage for theaters and contains a list of theaters that qualify for special provisions in the regulations 55 Points of interest EditStatue of Francis P Duffy by Charles Keck Duffy Square Times Square Statue of George M Cohan by Georg John Lober and architect Otto Langman Duffy Square Times Square See also Edit New York City portal List of Broadway theaters Boston Theater District Buffalo Theatre District Cleveland Theater District Theater in Detroit Houston Theater District Broadway Theater District Los Angeles Theatre District San Francisco Yiddish Theatre DistrictReferences EditInformational notes Co sponsors of the Mitchell bill included Rep Michael D Barnes MD Rep Barber B Conable Jr NY Rep Thomas A Daschle SD Rep Arlen Erdahl MN Rep David W Evans IN Rep Hamilton Fish Jr NY Rep Thomas M Foglietta PA Rep Peter A Peyser NY Rep Peter W Rodino Jr NJ Rep Louis Stokes OH Rep Ted Weiss NY Rep George C Wortley NY and Rep Ron Wyden OR 22 Notes New York Zip Code Boundary Map NY Zipmap net Retrieved February 26 2013 a b New York City Department of City Planning NYC gov Archived from the original on March 14 2013 Retrieved March 3 2013 Editors of Time Out 2011 Time Out New York Time Out Guides ISBN 9781846702105 Retrieved February 26 2013 a b Eleanor Berman 2013 Top 10 New York City Penguin ISBN 9781465407931 Retrieved February 28 2013 Sascha Zuger 2011 Moon New York State Avalon Travel ISBN 9781612380872 Retrieved February 28 2013 Special Purpose Districts Manhattan Special Midtown Districts on the official NYC website Accessed February 21 2013 Times Square Times Square Theater District Dining a b c Broadway History Spotlight on Broadway Retrieved June 15 2018 AnneLise Sorensen Eleanor Berman 2012 DK Eyewitness Travel Guide New York City Penguin ISBN 9780756691189 Retrieved February 26 2013 Burrows amp Wallace 1999 p 1063 Burrows amp Wallace 1999 p 1066 a b Jaramillo Carina August 8 2016 History of Theater on Broadway Octane Seating Irving L Allen 1995 City In Slang New York Life and Popular Speech Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195357769 Retrieved March 3 2013 William R Taylor April 22 1996 Inventing Times Square Commerce and Culture at the Crossroads of the World JHU Press ISBN 9780801853371 Retrieved March 3 2013 Gerston Jill November 27 1974 2 City Areas Made Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Stern Robert A M Fishman David Tilove Jacob 2006 New York 2000 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium New York Monacelli Press pp 702 704 ISBN 978 1 58093 177 9 OCLC 70267065 OL 22741487M The name of the organization was Save the Theatres Inc as noted in court papers See Shubert Organization Inc v Landmarks Preservation Commission of the City of New York and Save the Theatres Inc Archived May 21 2013 at the Wayback Machine Supreme Court of New York Appellate Division First Department May 16 1991 accessed March 10 2013 Proposal to Save Morosco and Helen Hayes Theaters LHP Architects accessed March 10 2013 a b c Helen Epstein 1994 Joe Papp An American Life Little Brown p 403 ISBN 9780316246040 Retrieved February 22 2013 City Panel Near Vote On Save The Theaters Proposals The New York Times New York City April 15 1984 Retrieved February 22 2013 Corwin Betty Theatre on film and tape archive Archived September 21 2013 at the Wayback Machine International Association of Libraries and Museums of the Performing Arts accessed May 10 2013 Bill Summary amp Status 97th Congress 1981 1982 H R 6885 Co Sponsors permanent dead link Thomas loc gov Retrieved December 10 2015 a b H R 6885 A bill to designate the Broadway Times Square Theatre District in the City of New York as a national historic site and for other purposes Bill of July 27 1982 Retrieved December 10 2015 permanent dead link Lynne B Sagalyn 2003 Times Square Roulette Remaking the City Icon MIT Press ISBN 9780262692953 Retrieved February 26 2013 a b Peter Bosselmann August 28 1985 Representation of Places Imprime Reality and Realism in City Design ISBN 9780520918269 Retrieved February 26 2013 Gottlieb Martin September 19 1983 Innovative Zoning Plan Could Aid Theaters Novel Zoning Plan Could Aid Theaters and West Side The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Goodwin Michael April 16 1982 Midtown Theaters Surveyed for Landmark Designation The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W October 20 1982 Landmark Status Sought for Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 THE CITY City Panel Splits On Theater Plan The New York Times October 14 1983 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Johnston Laurie Anderson Susan Heller June 23 1983 New York Day by Day Doing Justice to Landmakers And to Theater Interiors The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Schmalz Jeffrey August 7 1985 Landmarks Panel Listing Broadway Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Polsky Carol August 7 1985 3 Theaters Named Landmarks Newsday p 32 Retrieved October 29 2021 Schmalz Jeffrey August 14 1985 Panel Postpones Landmark Plan for the Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Legitimate Landmarks Panel Issues Guidelines Owners Not Happy Variety Vol 321 no 8 December 18 1985 pp 89 94 ProQuest 1438433105 a b Shepard Joan December 19 1985 Limit on B way landmarks urged Daily News p 165 Retrieved October 29 2021 Barbanel Josh December 20 1985 Theater Owners Ask Board to Delay Landmark Status The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W November 22 1987 The Region The City Casts Its Theaters In Stone The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 Dunlap David W June 22 1987 Panel Weighs Designating Theater as Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 a b Legitimate Landmarks Panel Names 5 Theaters Variety Vol 329 no 3 November 11 1987 p 93 ProQuest 1286133538 Dunlap David W November 5 1987 5 More Broadway Theaters Classified as Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Shepard Joan Lippman Barbara November 11 1987 3 theaters get landmark status Daily News p 79 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W November 18 1987 Plan Blocked for Tower Atop Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W December 14 1987 7 Theaters Become Landmarks Owners Plan Appeal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Oser Alan S February 14 1988 Perspectives Midtown Theaters Offering an Incentive for Preservation The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W March 10 1988 Landmark Theaters Are Up for Vote The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Harney James March 12 1988 Frozen in stage they re now in Daily News p 94 Retrieved October 29 2021 a b Purdum Todd S March 12 1988 28 Theaters Are Approved As Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Blau Eleanor January 11 1988 Koch Is to Hold Talks With Theater Council The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W June 21 1988 Owners File Suit to Revoke Theaters Landmark Status The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Sullivan Ronald December 8 1989 Theaters Landmark Status Upheld The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Walsh Thomas December 15 1989 200 Million Landmark Lawsuit Dismissed Designations Are Intact Back Stage Vol 30 no 50 pp 1A 4A ProQuest 962873540 Dunlap David W May 27 1992 High Court Upholds Naming Of 22 Theaters as Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 29 2021 Fisher v Giuliani 280 A D 2d 13 720 N Y S 2d 2001 a b Theater Subdistrict Council New York City Department of City Planning Nyc gov Archived from the original on March 14 2013 Retrieved February 22 2013 The City of New York Zoning Resolution Article VIII Chapter 1 PDF Mayor Bloomberg New York City Planning Commission Department of City Planning May 25 2012 Retrieved February 25 2013 Bibliography Burrows Edwin G and Wallace Mike 1999 Gotham A History of New York City to 1898 New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 195 11634 8 Further reading Bianco Anthony 2004 Ghosts of 42nd Street A History of America s Most Infamous Block New York HarperCollins Books ISBN 0 688 17089 7 A detailed history that focuses primarily of the Times Square Theater District from the beginning of the 20th century through its successful revival restoration in the late 20th century External links EditTheater District Manhattan at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Travel information from Wikivoyage NYC com Visitor Guide Theater District official site of New York City Theater District Dining official site of Times Square Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Theater District Manhattan amp oldid 1149162014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.