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John Philip Sousa

John Philip Sousa (/ˈszə, ˈssə/ SOO-zə, SOO-sə,[1][2] Portuguese: [ˈso(w)zɐ]; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches.[3] He is known as "The March King" or the "American March King", to distinguish him from his British counterpart Kenneth J. Alford. Among Sousa's best-known marches are "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (National March of the United States of America), "Semper Fidelis" (official march of the United States Marine Corps), "The Liberty Bell", "The Thunderer", and "The Washington Post".

John Philip Sousa
Sousa in a 1900 photo by Elmer Chickering
Born(1854-11-06)November 6, 1854
DiedMarch 6, 1932(1932-03-06) (aged 77)
Burial placeCongressional Cemetery
Other names"The (American) March King"
Known for
Notable workFull list
Spouse
Jane van Middlesworth Bellis
(m. 1879)
Children3
Military career
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branch
Years of service
  • 1868–1875, 1880–1892 (USMC)
  • 1917–1918 (USN)
Rank
Commands held
Signature

Sousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert. Sousa's father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868. He left the band in 1875, and over the next five years, Sousa performed as a violinist and learned to conduct. In 1880, he rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director, after which Sousa was hired to conduct a band organized by David Blakely, P.S. Gilmore's former agent. Blakely wanted to compete with Gilmore. From 1880 until his death, Sousa focused exclusively on conducting and writing music. He aided in the development of the sousaphone, a large brass instrument similar to the helicon and tuba.

Upon the outbreak of World War I, Sousa was awarded a wartime commission of lieutenant commander to lead the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois. He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. In the 1920s, Sousa was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve.

Early life and education edit

John Philip Sousa was born in Washington, D.C., the third of ten children of João António de Sousa (John Anthony Sousa) (September 22, 1824 – April 27, 1892), who was born in Spain to Portuguese parents, and his wife Maria Elisabeth Trinkhaus (May 20, 1826 – August 25, 1908), who was German and from Bavaria.[4][5][6] Sousa began his music education under the tuition of John Esputa Sr., who taught him solfeggio.[7] However, this was short-lived due to the teacher's frequent bad temper.[7] Sousa's real music education began in 1861 or 1862 as a pupil of John Esputa Jr., the son of his previous teacher under whom Sousa studied violin, piano, flute, several brass instruments, and singing.[7] Esputa shared his father's bad temper, and the relationship between teacher and pupil was often strained, but Sousa progressed very rapidly and was also found to have perfect pitch.[7] During this period, Sousa wrote his first composition, "An Album Leaf", but Esputa dismissed it as "bread and cheese", and the composition was subsequently lost.[7]

 
Sousa's birthplace on G St., S.E. in Washington, D.C.

Sousa's father was a trombonist in the Marine Band, and he enlisted Sousa in the United States Marine Corps as an apprentice at age 13 to keep him from joining a circus band.[8] That same year, Sousa began studying music under George Felix Benkert.[9] Sousa was enlisted under a minority enlistment, meaning that he would not be discharged until his 21st birthday.

Career edit

Sousa completed his apprenticeship in 1875 and began performing on the violin.[10] He then joined a theatrical pit orchestra where he learned to conduct.[10] Sousa returned to the Marine Band as its head in 1880 and remained as its conductor until 1892. He led "The President's Own" band under five presidents from Rutherford B. Hayes to Benjamin Harrison. Sousa's band played at the inaugural balls of James A. Garfield in 1881 and Benjamin Harrison in 1889.[11][12]

The marching brass bass or sousaphone is a modified helicon created in 1893 by Philadelphia instrument maker J. W. Pepper at Sousa's request, using several of his suggestions in its design. Sousa wanted a tuba that could sound upward and over the band whether its player was seated or marching. C.G. Conn recreated the instrument in 1898, and this was the model that Sousa preferred to use.[13]

Sousa organized The Sousa Band the year that he left the Marine Band, and it toured from 1892 to 1931 and performed at 15,623 concerts,[14] both in America and around the world,[15] including at the World Exposition in Paris and at the Royal Albert Hall in London.[5][16] In Paris, the Sousa Band marched through the streets to the Arc de Triomphe, one of only eight parades that the band marched in during its 40 years.[17]

Military service edit

In 1868,[18] Sousa enlisted in the Marine Corps at age 13 as an apprentice musician (his rank listed as "boy").[5] He left the Marine Corps in 1875.[18] His second period of service began in 1880 and continued until 1892.[18] During this period, Sousa led the Marine Band through its development into the country's premier military band.[5][18]

The Columbia Phonograph Company produced 60 recordings of the Marine Band conducted by Sousa, which led to his national fame. In July 1892, Sousa requested a discharge from the Marine Corps to pursue a financially promising civilian career as a band leader. He conducted a farewell concert at the White House on July 30, 1892, and was discharged from the Marine Corps the next day.[19]

Sousa was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Naval Reserve on May 31, 1917, shortly after the United States declared war on Germany and entered World War I. He was 62 years old, the mandatory retirement age for Navy officers. During the war, Sousa led the Navy Band at the Great Lakes Naval Station near Chicago,[5][20] and he donated all of his naval salary except a token $1 per month to the Sailors' and Marines' Relief Fund.[21] Sousa was discharged from active duty after the end of the war in November 1918[18] and returned to conducting his own band. In the early 1920s, Sousa was promoted to lieutenant commander in the Naval Reserve but did not return to active duty. He frequently wore his Navy uniform during performances for the remainder of his life.

 
Annual military observances at Sousa's Grave

For his service during the war, Sousa received the World War I Victory Medal and was elected as a Veteran Companion of the Military Order of Foreign Wars. He was also a member of the New York Athletic Club and Post 754 of the American Legion.

Personal life edit

On December 30, 1879, Sousa married Jane van Middlesworth Bellis, who was descended from Adam Bellis who served in the New Jersey troops during the American Revolutionary War.[22][5] They had three children together: John Philip Jr., Jane Priscilla, and Helen.[23]

On July 15, 1881, the "March King" was initiated into Freemasonry by Hiram Lodge No. 10 (Now Hiram-Takoma Lodge No. 10) in Washington, DC, where he remained an active member until his death in 1932. Among other Masonic honors he was named the Honorary Band Leader of the Temple Band of Almas Shriners, the DC-based Chapter of Shriners International.[24] A number of his compositions were for the organization, including the "Nobles of the Mystic Shrine" March.

 
John Philip Sousa's grave, Congressional Cemetery

In his later years, Sousa lived in Sands Point, New York. He died of heart failure at the age of 77 on March 6, 1932, in his room at the Abraham Lincoln Hotel in Reading, Pennsylvania. Sousa had conducted a rehearsal of "The Stars and Stripes Forever" the previous day with the Ringgold Band as its guest conductor.[25] Sousa is buried in Washington, D.C.'s Congressional Cemetery.[26] Each November 6 the Marine Band performs Semper Fidelis at Sousa's grave. His house Wildbank has been designated as a National Historic Landmark, although it remains a private home and is not open to the public.[27]

Sousa has surviving descendants today; one of his great-grandsons, John Philip Sousa IV, works as a political activist for the Republican Party.[28]

Honors edit

Sousa was decorated with the palms of the Order of Public Instruction of Portugal and the Order of Academic Palms of France. He also received the Royal Victorian Medal from King Edward VII of the United Kingdom in December 1901 for conducting a private birthday concert for Queen Alexandra.[29][30]

In 1922, Sousa accepted the invitation of the national chapter to become an honorary member of Kappa Kappa Psi, the national honorary band fraternity.[31] In 1932, he was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, a national fraternity for men in music, by the fraternity's Alpha Xi chapter at the University of Illinois.[32]

 
US Postage stamp, 1940

The World War II Liberty ship SS John Philip Sousa was named in Sousa's honor. The Marine Band possesses the ship's bell, using it in performances of the "Liberty Bell March".[33]

In 1952, 20th Century Fox honored Sousa in their Technicolor feature film Stars and Stripes Forever with Clifton Webb portraying him. It was loosely based on Sousa's memoirs Marching Along.[34]

In 1987, an act of Congress named "The Stars and Stripes Forever" as the national march of the United States.[35]

In 2012, a crater on the planet Mercury was named in Sousa's honor. He was posthumously enshrined in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1976.[5]

Memberships edit

Sousa was a member of the Sons of the Revolution, Military Order of Foreign Wars, American Legion, Freemasons, and the Society of Artists and Composers. He was also a member of the Salmagundi, Players, Musicians, New York Athletic, Lambs, Army and Navy and the Gridiron clubs of Washington.

Music edit

Sousa wrote over 130 marches, 15 operettas, 5 overtures, 11 suites, 24 dances, 28 fantasies, and countless arrangements of nineteenth-century western European symphonic works.[36]

Marches edit

Sousa wrote over 130 marches, published by Harry Coleman of Philadelphia, Carl Fischer Music, the John Church Company, and the Sam Fox Publishing Company, the last association beginning in 1917 and continuing until his death.[37] Some of his more well-known marches include:

Royal Welsh Fusiliers at the Gridiron Club, before President Hoover, British ambassador Lindsay, and other dignitaries

Sousa wrote marches for several American universities, including the University of Minnesota,[45] University of Illinois,[46] University of Nebraska,[47] Kansas State University,[48] Marquette University,[49] Pennsylvania Military College (Widener University), and the University of Michigan.

Operettas edit

 
Sousa and his newly formed civilian band, 1893

Sousa wrote many notable operettas, including:

Marches and waltzes have been derived from many of these stage-works. Sousa also composed the music for six operettas that were either unfinished or not produced: The Devils' Deputy, Florine, The Irish Dragoon, Katherine, The Victory, and The Wolf.[51]

In addition, Sousa wrote a march based on themes from Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Mikado, the elegant overture Our Flirtations, several musical suites, etc.[52] He frequently added Sullivan opera overtures or other Sullivan pieces to his concerts.[53]

Sousa was quoted saying, "My religion lies in my composition."[54]

Hobbies, writing, and recording edit

Sousa ranked as one of the all-time great trapshooters and was enshrined in the Trapshooting Hall of Fame.[55] He organized the first national trapshooting organization, a forerunner to today's Amateur Trapshooting Association (ATA). He also wrote numerous articles about trapshooting.[55] He was a regular competitor representing the Navy in trapshooting competitions, particularly against the Army. Records indicate that Sousa registered more than 35,000 targets during his shooting career.[29] "Let me say that just about the sweetest music to me is when I call, 'pull,' the old gun barks, and the referee in perfect key announces, 'dead'."[55]

In Sousa's 1902 novella The Fifth String, a virtuoso violinist makes a deal with the Devil for a magic violin with five strings. The first four strings excite the emotions of Pity, Hope, Love, and Joy, but the fifth string, made from the hair of Eve, will cause the player's death once played. The violinist wins the love of the woman he desires, but out of jealous suspicion, she commands him to play the death string, which he does.[56] Sousa published Pipetown Sandy in 1905, which includes a satirical poem titled "The Feast of the Monkeys".[57] He wrote a 40,000-word story entitled "The Transit of Venus" in 1920.[58] Sousa also wrote the booklet "A manual for trumpet and drum", published by the Ludwig Drum Company with advice for playing drums and trumpet. An early version of the trumpet solo to "Semper Fidelis" was included in this volume.[59]

 
Sheet music cover, 1896

Sousa held a very low opinion of the emerging recording industry. He derided recordings as "canned music", a reference to the early wax cylinder records that came in can-like cylindrical cardboard boxes. He argued to a congressional hearing in 1906:

These talking machines are going to ruin the artistic development of music in this country. When I was a boy… in front of every house in the summer evenings, you would find young people together singing the songs of the day or old songs. Today you hear these infernal machines going night and day. We will not have a vocal cord left. The vocal cord will be eliminated by a process of evolution, as was the tail of man when he came from the ape.

Sousa's antipathy to recording was such that he did not conduct his band when it was being recorded. Nevertheless, the band made numerous recordings, the earliest being issued on cylinders by several companies, followed by many recordings on discs by the Berliner Gramophone Company and its successor, the Victor Talking Machine Company (later RCA Victor). The Berliner recordings were conducted by Henry Higgins (one of Sousa's cornet soloists) and Arthur Pryor (Sousa's trombone soloist and assistant conductor).[60] Sousa claimed that he had "never been in the gramophone company's office in my life".[61] Sousa did conduct a few of the Victor recordings, but most were conducted by Pryor, Herbert L. Clarke, Edwin H. Clarke, Walter B. Rogers (who had also been a cornet soloist with Sousa), Rosario Bourdon, Josef Pasternack, or Nathaniel Shilkret.[60] Details of the Victor recordings are available in the external link below to the EDVR.

After the introduction of electrical recording in 1925 Sousa changed his mind about phonograph records. After a demonstration of the Orthophonic Victrola on October 6, 1925, at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel he said, "[Gentlemen], that is a band. This is the first time I have ever heard music with any soul to it produced by a mechanical talking machine."[62]

Sousa also appeared with his band in newsreels and on radio broadcasts, beginning with a 1929 nationwide broadcast on NBC.[5] In 1999, "Legacy" Records released some of Sousa's historic recordings on CD.[63]

John Philip Sousa Award edit

 
Sousa in 1900; photographed by Elmer Chickering

Even after his death, Sousa continues to be remembered as "The March King" through the John Philip Sousa Foundation. The non-profit organization, founded in 1981, recognizes one superior student in marching band for "musicianship, dependability, loyalty, and cooperation."[64] The John Philip Sousa Foundation provides awards, scholarships, and projects such as The Sudler Trophy, The Sudler Shield, The Sudler Silver Scroll, The Sudler Flag of Honor, The Historic Roll of Honor, The Sudler Cup, The Hawkins Scholarship, National Young Artists, The National Community Band, and The Junior Honor Band Project.[65] He won many honorable awards across his lifetime.

See also edit

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ "Sousa". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
  2. ^ "Souza, John Philip". Lexico US English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.[dead link]
  3. ^ "John Philip Sousa". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  4. ^ Bierley 2001, p. 23, 241.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Paul E. Bierley. "Biographies: John Philip Sousa". Library of Congress.
  6. ^ Warfield, Patrick. "John Philip Sousa." In Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, vol. 4, edited by Jeffrey Fear. German Historical Institute. Last modified May 27, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d e Bierley 1973, pp. 28–29.
  8. ^ . A Capitol Fourth – PBS. Capital Concerts. Archived from the original on August 10, 2004. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  9. ^ Bierley 1973, p. 32.
  10. ^ a b . Dallas Wind Symphony. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
  11. ^ James A. Garfield (1989). "Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States". from the original on May 15, 2011.
  12. ^ Benjamin Harrison (1989). "Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States". from the original on May 15, 2011.
  13. ^ . Virginia Tech Music Dictionary. Virginia Tech University. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  14. ^ Bierley, Paul Edmund, "The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa". University of Illinois Press, 2006.
  15. ^ "The Sousa Band". America's Story. Library of Congress. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  16. ^ Royal Albert Hall Archives
  17. ^ Bierley, Paul E. (2006). The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa. University of Illinois Press. p. 46. ISBN 0-252-03147-4.
  18. ^ a b c d e John Phillips Sousa, United States Navy Memorial.
  19. ^ "Sousa Leaves the Marine Band". The New-York Times. Vol. XLI, no. 12,772. August 1, 1892. p. 1. ProQuest 94976417.
  20. ^ Bierley 2001, p. 250.
  21. ^ Bierley 2001, p. 78.
  22. ^ "Lineage Book". Daughters of the American Revolution, 1922. 1922. p. 165. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  23. ^ McSherry, Jack L. Jr. "John Philip Sousa". The Spanish–American War Centennial Website. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  24. ^ Paul E. Bierley (October 28, 1997). "Biography of John Philip Sousa". Scottish Rite Journal. from the original on November 6, 2005. Paul E. Bierley is a member of Whitehall No. 761, Whitehall, Ohio.
  25. ^ "John Philip Sousa, Band Leader, Dies in Hotel at Reading". (special edition). The New York Times. March 6, 1932. from the original on August 25, 2018. His musical education began at 7. He had already made up his mind that he wanted to be a musician, and four years later he won all the medals at the conservatory, the beginning of his collection of decorations, which is said to be the largest in his field in the world. That same year he became a violin soloist.
  26. ^ "Congressionalcemetery.org". Congressionalcemetery.org. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
  27. ^ Richard Greenwood (May 30, 1975), National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: John Philip Sousa Home (pdf), National Park Service and Accompanying photos, exterior, from 1975 (1.09 MB)
  28. ^ Barron, James (July 3, 2016). "John Philip Sousa IV, with Help from a Famous Surname, Dabbles in Politics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 31, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2020.
  29. ^ a b "Inductees". Trapshooting Hall of Fame.
  30. ^ Markovich, Audrey A. (Fall 2006). . Penn State. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015.
  31. ^ "Prominent Members". Kappa Kappa Psi. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  32. ^ "Famous Sinfonians". Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  33. ^ "SOUSA The Liberty Bell - "The President's Own" U.S. Marine Band". March 3, 2009.
  34. ^ Crowther, Bosley (2010). . The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
  35. ^ Bennett, William J.; Cribb, John T.E. (2013). The American Patriot's Almanac: Daily Readings on America. Thomas Nelson. p. 495. ISBN 978-1-59555-375-1.
  36. ^ "John Philip Sousa Music and Personal Papers, circa 1880–1932". The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  37. ^ "Sam Fox, 89, Dies; Music Publisher", The New York Times, December 1, 1971
  38. ^ "US Code: Title 36, 304". Cornell Law School. October 30, 2006. from the original on December 7, 2010. Retrieved November 2, 2006.
  39. ^ "Imperial Edward March". www.marineband.marines.mil. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  40. ^ Army Regulation 220–90, Army Bands, November 27, 2000, para 2-5f, g
  41. ^ "Anchor and Star March". www.marineband.marines.mil. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  42. ^ "Who's Who in Navy Blue". Wingert-Jones Music Inc. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
  43. ^ "The Dauntless Battalion". www.marineband.marines.mil. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  44. ^ "Troop A – The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History". Ech.case.edu. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
  45. ^ "Minnesota March". University of Minnesota Marching Band. University of Minnesota School of Music. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
  46. ^ Frank, Brendan. . Illinois Bands. College of Fine and Applied Arts – University of Illinois. Archived from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  47. ^ "Sousa writes special march for Nebraska". The Daily Nebraskan. Lincoln, Nebraska. February 22, 1928. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  48. ^ . Kansas State Bands. Kansas State University Bands. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  49. ^ . Marquette University. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
  50. ^ "Vocal score of The Charlatan". March 10, 2001. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  51. ^ "John Philip Sousa". Guide to Musical Theatre – Operetta. The Guide to Musical Theatre. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  52. ^ Hughes, Gervase. Composers of Operetta, New York, 1962
  53. ^ Bierley 2001, p. 102
  54. ^ "My religion lies in my composition". Brainyquote.com. March 6, 1932. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  55. ^ a b c . National Trapshooting Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on May 5, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2008.
  56. ^ John Philip Sousa (1902). The fifth string. Bowen-Merrill. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  57. ^ "Pipetown Sandy: Sousa, John Philip, 1854–1932". Free Download & Streaming: Internet Archive. California Digital Library. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
  58. ^ . Wgpark.com. Archived from the original on October 21, 2004. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
  59. ^ John Philip Sousa (1985). A book of instruction for the field-trumpet and drum: together with the trumpet and drum signals now in use in the Army, Navy and Marine Corps of the United States. Ludwig Music Pub. Co. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
  60. ^ a b Smart, James R., The Sousa Band: A Discography, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1970
  61. ^ Sousa, John Philip (2010). Warfield, Patrick (ed.). Six marches. A-R Editions, Inc. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-89579-675-2.
  62. ^ "New Music Machine Thrills All Hearers At First Test Here". The New York Times. October 7, 1925. p. 1.
  63. ^ "March King: John Philip Sousa Conducts His Own Marches". Amazon. from the original on June 18, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2008.
  64. ^ Lovrien, David. . www.dws.org. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  65. ^ "Sousa Foundation". www.sousafoundation.net. Retrieved October 19, 2016.

Sources edit

  • Congressional hearing: in Copyright's Communication Policy by Professor Tim Woo, University of Virginia, May 2004 – Caution, 560k PDF.
  • Bierley, Paul E. (1973). John Philip Sousa: American Phenomenon (revised ed.). Alfred Music. ISBN 978-1-4574-4995-6.
  • Bierley, Paul E. (2001). John Philip Sousa: American Phenomenon. Alfred Music. ASIN B019NRUQPY.

Further reading edit

  • Berger, Kenneth W. The March King and His Band : The Story of John Philip Sousa. New York: Exposition Press, 1957.
  • Bierley, Paul E. John Philip Sousa: A Descriptive Catalog of His Works. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973.
  • Bierley, Paul E. The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
  • Delaplaine, Edward S. John Philip Sousa and the National Anthem. Frederick, MD: Great Southern Press, 1983.
  • Heslip, Malcolm. Nostalgic Happenings in the Three Bands of John Philip Sousa. Westerville, OH: Integrity Press, 1992.
  • Lingg, Ann M. John Philip Sousa. New York: Holt, 1954.
  • Newsom, Jon, ed. Perspectives on John Philip Sousa. Washington: Library of Congress, 1983.
  • Proksch, Bryan, ed. A Sousa Reader: Essays, Interviews, and Clippings. Chicago: GIA, 2017
  • Warfield, Patrick. Making the March King: John Philip Sousa's Washington Years, 1854–1893 (University of Illinois Press; 2013) 331 pages; scholarly biography

Music sources edit

  • Bierley, Paul E. The Works of John Philip Sousa Columbus, OH: Integrity Press, 1984.
  • Sousa, John Philip. Marching Along: Recollections of Men, Women and Music. Edited by Paul E. Bierley. Boston: Hale, Cushman & Flint, 1928, rev. 1994.
  • Sousa, John Philip. National, Patriotic and Typical Airs of All Lands. N.Y.: Da Capo Press, 1977.
  • Sousa, John Philip. Through the Year with Sousa: Excerpts from the Operas, Marches, Miscellaneous Compositions, Novels, Letters, Magazine Articles, Songs, Sayings and Rhymes of John Philip Sousa. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell &, 1910.
  • Warfield, Patrick, ed. (2010). John Philip Sousa: Six Marches. Music of the United States of America (MUSA) vol 21. Madison, Wisconsin: A-R Editions.

Articles

  • Bennett, Jeb. "John Philip Sousa: 100th Anniversary." Marine Corps Gazette 64, no. 10 (1980): 31–34.
  • Bierley, Paul E. "Sousa: America's Greatest Composer?" Musical Journal 25, no. 1 (1967): 83–87.
  • Bierley, Paul E. "Sousa on Programming." Instrumentalist, December 1973.
  • Bierley, Paul E. "Sousa's Mystery March." Instrumentalist, February 1966.
  • Dvorak, Raymond F. "Recollections of Sousa's March Performances." School Musician, Director and Teacher, December 1969.
  • Evenson, Orville. "The March Style of Sousa." Instrumentalist, November 1954.
  • Fennell, Frederick. "Sousa: Still a Somebody." Instrumentalist, March 1982.
  • Gaydos, Jeff. "Stars and Stripes and Sousa Forever!" Bandwagon, June 1980.
  • Goldberg, Isaac. "Sousa." American Mercury 27 (1932): 193–200.
  • Goldman, Richard Franko. "John Philip Sousa." HiFi/Stereo Review 19, no. 1 (1967): 35–47.
  • Gordon, Marjorie M. "John Philip Sousa: A Centennial-Year Salute to the March King." Musical Journal 11, no. 11 (1954): 28–34.
  • Heney, John J. "On the Road with the Sousa Band." School Musician, Director and Teacher, 1976.
  • Howard, George S. "A New Era for Brass: Sousa's Role." Music Journal, January 1966.
  • Intravaia, Lawrence J. "Wind Band Scoring Practices of Gilmore and Sousa." School Musician, Director and Teacher 36, no. 7 (March 1965): 62–63.
  • Larson, Cedric. "John Philip Sousa as an Author." Etude, August 1941.
  • Mangrum, Mary Gailey. "I Remember Sousa." Instrumentalist 24, no. 5 (1969): 38–41.
  • Mangrum, Mary Gailey. "Sousa the Patriot." Instrumentalist 24, no. 6 (1970): 33–35.
  • Marek, George Richard. "John Philip Sousa." HiFi/Musical America 23, no. 11 (1973): 57–61.
  • Mathews, William Smith Babcock. "An Interview with John Philip Sousa." Music: A Monthly Magazine 9 (1896): 487–92.
  • Mayer, Francis N. "John Philip Sousa: His Instrumentation and Scoring." Music Educator's Journal, January 1960.
  • Peterson, O. A. "The Human Side of Sousa." Musical Messenger, May 1916.
  • Pleasants, Henry. "A Look at Sousa: Ormandy and Critics." International Herald Tribune (Paris Edition), December 1969.
  • "Sousa and His Mission." Music: A Monthly Magazine 16 (July 1899): 272–76.
  • "Sousa as He Is." Music: A Monthly Magazine 14 (May 1899).
  • "Sousa's New Marine Band." Musical Courier, November 9, 1892.
  • Stoddard, Hope. "Sousa: Symbol of an Era." International Musician, December 1948.
  • Thomson, Grace F. "Memories of the March King." Musical Journal 22, no. 5 (1964): 27–49.
  • Trimborn, Thomas J. "In the Footsteps of Sousa." Instrumentalist 35, no. 4 (1980): 10–13.
  • Wimbush, Roger. "Sousa at the "Proms"" Monthly Musical Record 68:238–40.

Dissertations

  • Bly, Leon Joseph. "The March in American Society." Diss., University of Miami, 1977.
  • Bowie, Gordon W. "R. B. Hall and the Community Bands of Maine." Diss., University of Maine, 1993.
  • Carpenter, Kenneth William. "A History of the United States Marine Band." Diss., University of Iowa, 1971.
  • Church, Charles Fremont. "The Life and Influence of John Philip Sousa." Diss., Ohio State University, 1942.
  • Darling, Matthew H. "A Study and Catalogue of the Solos Composed, Arranged, and Transcribed for Xylophone and Band by John Joseph Heney (1902–1978), Percussionist (1926–31) and Xylophone Soloist (1931) with the John Philip Sousa Band." Diss., University of Arizona, 1998.
  • Hemberger, Glen J. "Selected Songs for Chamber Winds and Soprano: Rediscovering a Forgotten Repertoire of John Philip Sousa." Diss., University of North Texas, 2001.
  • Hester, Michael E. "A Study of the Saxophone Soloists Performing with the John Philip Sousa Band, 1893–1930." Diss., University of Arizona, 1995.
  • Jorgensen, Michael R. "John Philip Sousa's Operetta El Capitan: A Historical, Analytical, and Performance Guide." Diss., Ball State University, 1995.
  • Korzun, Jonathan Nicholas. "The Orchestral Transcriptions for Band of John Philip Sousa: a Description and Analysis." Diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1994.
  • Kreitner, Mona Bulpitt. "'A Splendid Group of American Girls': The Women Who Sang with the Sousa Band." Diss., University of Memphis, 2007.
  • Norton, Pauline Elizabeth Hosack. "March Music in Nineteenth Century America." Diss., University of Michigan, 1983.
  • Stacy, William Barney. "John Philip Sousa and His Band Suites." Diss., University of Colorado, 1973.
  • Summers, C. Oland. "The Development of Original Band Scoring from Sousa to Husa." Diss., Ball State University, 1986.
  • Warfield, Patrick. ""Salesman of Americanism, Globetrotter and Musician" the Nineteenth-century John Philip Sousa; 1854–1893." Diss., Indiana University, 2003.
  • Whisler, John A. "The Songs of John Philip Sousa." Diss., Memphis State University, 1975.
  • Wright, Maurice. "The Fifth String: an Opera in One Act." Diss., Columbia University, 1989.

Archives edit

  • John Philip Sousa papers, 1695–1966 June 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine at the United States Marine Band Library and Archives June 22, 2020, at the Wayback Machine in Washington, D.C.
  • John Philip Sousa Collection, The March King: John Philip Sousa digital collection, the Music of John Philip Sousa and Victor Grabel, and the Dodrill – Sousa sheet music collection at the Library of Congress
  • The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011.

External links edit

john, philip, sousa, john, sousa, redirects, here, confused, with, john, souza, portuguese, ˈso, november, 1854, march, 1932, american, composer, conductor, late, romantic, known, primarily, american, military, marches, known, march, king, american, march, kin. John Sousa redirects here Not to be confused with John Souza John Philip Sousa ˈ s uː z e ˈ s uː s e SOO ze SOO se 1 2 Portuguese ˈso w zɐ November 6 1854 March 6 1932 was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches 3 He is known as The March King or the American March King to distinguish him from his British counterpart Kenneth J Alford Among Sousa s best known marches are The Stars and Stripes Forever National March of the United States of America Semper Fidelis official march of the United States Marine Corps The Liberty Bell The Thunderer and The Washington Post John Philip SousaSousa in a 1900 photo by Elmer ChickeringBorn 1854 11 06 November 6 1854Washington D C U S DiedMarch 6 1932 1932 03 06 aged 77 Reading Pennsylvania U S Burial placeCongressional CemeteryOther names The American March King Known forComposing military marchesHelping develop the sousaphoneNotable workFull listSpouseJane van Middlesworth Bellis m 1879 wbr Children3Military careerAllegianceUnited StatesService wbr branchU S Marine Corps USMC U S Navy USN Years of service1868 1875 1880 1892 USMC 1917 1918 USN RankSergeant major USMC Lieutenant commander USN Commands heldUnited States Marine BandGreat Lakes Naval Station BandSignatureSousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert Sousa s father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868 He left the band in 1875 and over the next five years Sousa performed as a violinist and learned to conduct In 1880 he rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director after which Sousa was hired to conduct a band organized by David Blakely P S Gilmore s former agent Blakely wanted to compete with Gilmore From 1880 until his death Sousa focused exclusively on conducting and writing music He aided in the development of the sousaphone a large brass instrument similar to the helicon and tuba Upon the outbreak of World War I Sousa was awarded a wartime commission of lieutenant commander to lead the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932 In the 1920s Sousa was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 2 1 Military service 3 Personal life 4 Honors 5 Memberships 6 Music 6 1 Marches 6 2 Operettas 7 Hobbies writing and recording 8 John Philip Sousa Award 9 See also 10 References 10 1 Citations 10 2 Sources 11 Further reading 11 1 Music sources 11 2 Archives 12 External linksEarly life and education editJohn Philip Sousa was born in Washington D C the third of ten children of Joao Antonio de Sousa John Anthony Sousa September 22 1824 April 27 1892 who was born in Spain to Portuguese parents and his wife Maria Elisabeth Trinkhaus May 20 1826 August 25 1908 who was German and from Bavaria 4 5 6 Sousa began his music education under the tuition of John Esputa Sr who taught him solfeggio 7 However this was short lived due to the teacher s frequent bad temper 7 Sousa s real music education began in 1861 or 1862 as a pupil of John Esputa Jr the son of his previous teacher under whom Sousa studied violin piano flute several brass instruments and singing 7 Esputa shared his father s bad temper and the relationship between teacher and pupil was often strained but Sousa progressed very rapidly and was also found to have perfect pitch 7 During this period Sousa wrote his first composition An Album Leaf but Esputa dismissed it as bread and cheese and the composition was subsequently lost 7 nbsp Sousa s birthplace on G St S E in Washington D C Sousa s father was a trombonist in the Marine Band and he enlisted Sousa in the United States Marine Corps as an apprentice at age 13 to keep him from joining a circus band 8 That same year Sousa began studying music under George Felix Benkert 9 Sousa was enlisted under a minority enlistment meaning that he would not be discharged until his 21st birthday Career editSousa completed his apprenticeship in 1875 and began performing on the violin 10 He then joined a theatrical pit orchestra where he learned to conduct 10 Sousa returned to the Marine Band as its head in 1880 and remained as its conductor until 1892 He led The President s Own band under five presidents from Rutherford B Hayes to Benjamin Harrison Sousa s band played at the inaugural balls of James A Garfield in 1881 and Benjamin Harrison in 1889 11 12 The marching brass bass or sousaphone is a modified helicon created in 1893 by Philadelphia instrument maker J W Pepper at Sousa s request using several of his suggestions in its design Sousa wanted a tuba that could sound upward and over the band whether its player was seated or marching C G Conn recreated the instrument in 1898 and this was the model that Sousa preferred to use 13 Sousa organized The Sousa Band the year that he left the Marine Band and it toured from 1892 to 1931 and performed at 15 623 concerts 14 both in America and around the world 15 including at the World Exposition in Paris and at the Royal Albert Hall in London 5 16 In Paris the Sousa Band marched through the streets to the Arc de Triomphe one of only eight parades that the band marched in during its 40 years 17 Military service edit nbsp The Washington Post source source The United States Marine Band performs The Washington Post Problems playing this file See media help In 1868 18 Sousa enlisted in the Marine Corps at age 13 as an apprentice musician his rank listed as boy 5 He left the Marine Corps in 1875 18 His second period of service began in 1880 and continued until 1892 18 During this period Sousa led the Marine Band through its development into the country s premier military band 5 18 The Columbia Phonograph Company produced 60 recordings of the Marine Band conducted by Sousa which led to his national fame In July 1892 Sousa requested a discharge from the Marine Corps to pursue a financially promising civilian career as a band leader He conducted a farewell concert at the White House on July 30 1892 and was discharged from the Marine Corps the next day 19 Sousa was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Naval Reserve on May 31 1917 shortly after the United States declared war on Germany and entered World War I He was 62 years old the mandatory retirement age for Navy officers During the war Sousa led the Navy Band at the Great Lakes Naval Station near Chicago 5 20 and he donated all of his naval salary except a token 1 per month to the Sailors and Marines Relief Fund 21 Sousa was discharged from active duty after the end of the war in November 1918 18 and returned to conducting his own band In the early 1920s Sousa was promoted to lieutenant commander in the Naval Reserve but did not return to active duty He frequently wore his Navy uniform during performances for the remainder of his life nbsp Annual military observances at Sousa s GraveFor his service during the war Sousa received the World War I Victory Medal and was elected as a Veteran Companion of the Military Order of Foreign Wars He was also a member of the New York Athletic Club and Post 754 of the American Legion Personal life editOn December 30 1879 Sousa married Jane van Middlesworth Bellis who was descended from Adam Bellis who served in the New Jersey troops during the American Revolutionary War 22 5 They had three children together John Philip Jr Jane Priscilla and Helen 23 On July 15 1881 the March King was initiated into Freemasonry by Hiram Lodge No 10 Now Hiram Takoma Lodge No 10 in Washington DC where he remained an active member until his death in 1932 Among other Masonic honors he was named the Honorary Band Leader of the Temple Band of Almas Shriners the DC based Chapter of Shriners International 24 A number of his compositions were for the organization including the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine March nbsp John Philip Sousa s grave Congressional CemeteryIn his later years Sousa lived in Sands Point New York He died of heart failure at the age of 77 on March 6 1932 in his room at the Abraham Lincoln Hotel in Reading Pennsylvania Sousa had conducted a rehearsal of The Stars and Stripes Forever the previous day with the Ringgold Band as its guest conductor 25 Sousa is buried in Washington D C s Congressional Cemetery 26 Each November 6 the Marine Band performs Semper Fidelis at Sousa s grave His house Wildbank has been designated as a National Historic Landmark although it remains a private home and is not open to the public 27 Sousa has surviving descendants today one of his great grandsons John Philip Sousa IV works as a political activist for the Republican Party 28 Honors editSousa was decorated with the palms of the Order of Public Instruction of Portugal and the Order of Academic Palms of France He also received the Royal Victorian Medal from King Edward VII of the United Kingdom in December 1901 for conducting a private birthday concert for Queen Alexandra 29 30 In 1922 Sousa accepted the invitation of the national chapter to become an honorary member of Kappa Kappa Psi the national honorary band fraternity 31 In 1932 he was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia a national fraternity for men in music by the fraternity s Alpha Xi chapter at the University of Illinois 32 nbsp US Postage stamp 1940The World War II Liberty ship SS John Philip Sousa was named in Sousa s honor The Marine Band possesses the ship s bell using it in performances of the Liberty Bell March 33 In 1952 20th Century Fox honored Sousa in their Technicolor feature film Stars and Stripes Forever with Clifton Webb portraying him It was loosely based on Sousa s memoirs Marching Along 34 In 1987 an act of Congress named The Stars and Stripes Forever as the national march of the United States 35 In 2012 a crater on the planet Mercury was named in Sousa s honor He was posthumously enshrined in the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1976 5 Memberships editSousa was a member of the Sons of the Revolution Military Order of Foreign Wars American Legion Freemasons and the Society of Artists and Composers He was also a member of the Salmagundi Players Musicians New York Athletic Lambs Army and Navy and the Gridiron clubs of Washington Music edit nbsp Semper Fidelis source source Sousa s Semper Fidelis the official march of the United States Marine Corps performed by the U S Marine Band in June 1909 The Stars and Stripes Forever source source The United States Marine Band performs The Stars and Stripes Forever the national march of the United StatesThe Gladiator March source source The Gladiator March Sousa s first hit King Cotton source source King Cotton an 1895 Sousa military march The Gallant Seventh source source The Gallant Seventh was in the 1920s and is distinguished as his only march with two breakstrains The Thunderer source source Sousa s The Thunderer 1889 performed in 1896 by the United States Marine BandManhattan Beach source source Manhattan Beach a commemorative march by John Philip Sousa Hands Across the Sea source source Sousa s Hands Across the Sea 1899 performed by the United States Navy BandThe Fairest of the Fair source source Sousa s Fairest of the Fair 1908 performed by the United States Navy Band Problems playing these files See media help See also List of compositions by John Philip SousaSousa wrote over 130 marches 15 operettas 5 overtures 11 suites 24 dances 28 fantasies and countless arrangements of nineteenth century western European symphonic works 36 Marches edit Main article List of marches by John Philip Sousa Sousa wrote over 130 marches published by Harry Coleman of Philadelphia Carl Fischer Music the John Church Company and the Sam Fox Publishing Company the last association beginning in 1917 and continuing until his death 37 Some of his more well known marches include Review 1873 Sousa s first published march The Gladiator March 1886 Semper Fidelis 1888 Official March of the United States Marine Corps The Washington Post 1889 The Thunderer 1889 The Loyal Legion March 1890 High School Cadets 1890 The Liberty Bell 1893 later used as the credits theme for Monty Python s Flying Circus TV series Manhattan Beach March 1893 King Cotton 1895 Stars and Stripes Forever 1896 National March of the United States 38 El Capitan 1896 Hands Across the Sea 1899 Hail to the Spirit of Liberty March 1900 Invincible Eagle 1901 dedicated to Pan American Buffalo Exposition Interim United States Space Force Anthem Imperial Edward March 1902 Dedicated to King Edward VII of the United Kingdom 39 Fairest of the Fair 1908 Glory of the Yankee Navy 1909 Columbia s Pride 1914 U S Field Artillery 1917 modified version The Army Goes Rolling Along is the official song of the U S Army 40 Anchor amp Star 1918 Dedicated To the U S Navy 41 Who s Who in Navy Blue 1920 composed at the request of the United States Naval Academy class of 1920 and dedicated to Tamanend a bronze reproduction of the figurehead of the U S S Delaware that occupies a key place at the Academy 42 The Gallant Seventh 1922 The Dauntless Battalion 1922 Dedicated To Col Hyatt the Faculty and Cadets of the Pennsylvania Military College Now Widener University in Chester PA 43 Nobles of the Mystic Shrine 1923 The Black Horse Troop 1924 written in honor of Troop A 107th Cavalry Ohio National Guard 44 Pride of the Wolverines 1926 Minnesota March 1927 New Mexico March 1928 Salvation Army March 1930 dedicated to the Salvation Army s 50th anniversary in the U S source source source source source Royal Welsh Fusiliers at the Gridiron Club before President Hoover British ambassador Lindsay and other dignitariesSousa wrote marches for several American universities including the University of Minnesota 45 University of Illinois 46 University of Nebraska 47 Kansas State University 48 Marquette University 49 Pennsylvania Military College Widener University and the University of Michigan Operettas edit nbsp Sousa and his newly formed civilian band 1893Sousa wrote many notable operettas including Desiree 1883 libretto by Edward M Taber El Capitan 1896 libretto by Charles Klein The Charlatan 1898 also known as The Mystical Miss book by Charles Klein and lyrics by Sousa 50 Chris and the Wonderful Lamp 1899 libretto by Glen MacDonoughMarches and waltzes have been derived from many of these stage works Sousa also composed the music for six operettas that were either unfinished or not produced The Devils Deputy Florine The Irish Dragoon Katherine The Victory and The Wolf 51 In addition Sousa wrote a march based on themes from Gilbert and Sullivan s comic opera The Mikado the elegant overture Our Flirtations several musical suites etc 52 He frequently added Sullivan opera overtures or other Sullivan pieces to his concerts 53 Sousa was quoted saying My religion lies in my composition 54 Hobbies writing and recording editSousa ranked as one of the all time great trapshooters and was enshrined in the Trapshooting Hall of Fame 55 He organized the first national trapshooting organization a forerunner to today s Amateur Trapshooting Association ATA He also wrote numerous articles about trapshooting 55 He was a regular competitor representing the Navy in trapshooting competitions particularly against the Army Records indicate that Sousa registered more than 35 000 targets during his shooting career 29 Let me say that just about the sweetest music to me is when I call pull the old gun barks and the referee in perfect key announces dead 55 In Sousa s 1902 novella The Fifth String a virtuoso violinist makes a deal with the Devil for a magic violin with five strings The first four strings excite the emotions of Pity Hope Love and Joy but the fifth string made from the hair of Eve will cause the player s death once played The violinist wins the love of the woman he desires but out of jealous suspicion she commands him to play the death string which he does 56 Sousa published Pipetown Sandy in 1905 which includes a satirical poem titled The Feast of the Monkeys 57 He wrote a 40 000 word story entitled The Transit of Venus in 1920 58 Sousa also wrote the booklet A manual for trumpet and drum published by the Ludwig Drum Company with advice for playing drums and trumpet An early version of the trumpet solo to Semper Fidelis was included in this volume 59 nbsp Sheet music cover 1896Sousa held a very low opinion of the emerging recording industry He derided recordings as canned music a reference to the early wax cylinder records that came in can like cylindrical cardboard boxes He argued to a congressional hearing in 1906 These talking machines are going to ruin the artistic development of music in this country When I was a boy in front of every house in the summer evenings you would find young people together singing the songs of the day or old songs Today you hear these infernal machines going night and day We will not have a vocal cord left The vocal cord will be eliminated by a process of evolution as was the tail of man when he came from the ape Sousa s antipathy to recording was such that he did not conduct his band when it was being recorded Nevertheless the band made numerous recordings the earliest being issued on cylinders by several companies followed by many recordings on discs by the Berliner Gramophone Company and its successor the Victor Talking Machine Company later RCA Victor The Berliner recordings were conducted by Henry Higgins one of Sousa s cornet soloists and Arthur Pryor Sousa s trombone soloist and assistant conductor 60 Sousa claimed that he had never been in the gramophone company s office in my life 61 Sousa did conduct a few of the Victor recordings but most were conducted by Pryor Herbert L Clarke Edwin H Clarke Walter B Rogers who had also been a cornet soloist with Sousa Rosario Bourdon Josef Pasternack or Nathaniel Shilkret 60 Details of the Victor recordings are available in the external link below to the EDVR After the introduction of electrical recording in 1925 Sousa changed his mind about phonograph records After a demonstration of the Orthophonic Victrola on October 6 1925 at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel he said Gentlemen that is a band This is the first time I have ever heard music with any soul to it produced by a mechanical talking machine 62 Sousa also appeared with his band in newsreels and on radio broadcasts beginning with a 1929 nationwide broadcast on NBC 5 In 1999 Legacy Records released some of Sousa s historic recordings on CD 63 John Philip Sousa Award edit nbsp Sousa in 1900 photographed by Elmer ChickeringEven after his death Sousa continues to be remembered as The March King through the John Philip Sousa Foundation The non profit organization founded in 1981 recognizes one superior student in marching band for musicianship dependability loyalty and cooperation 64 The John Philip Sousa Foundation provides awards scholarships and projects such as The Sudler Trophy The Sudler Shield The Sudler Silver Scroll The Sudler Flag of Honor The Historic Roll of Honor The Sudler Cup The Hawkins Scholarship National Young Artists The National Community Band and The Junior Honor Band Project 65 He won many honorable awards across his lifetime See also edit nbsp Biography portalSousa Archives and Center for American Music Academy of Music Riviera Theatre William Bell tuba player John Philip Sousa Bridge Patrick GilmoreReferences editCitations edit Sousa Merriam Webster com Dictionary Souza John Philip Lexico US English Dictionary Oxford University Press dead link John Philip Sousa Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved September 15 2018 Bierley 2001 p 23 241 a b c d e f g h Paul E Bierley Biographies John Philip Sousa Library of Congress Warfield Patrick John Philip Sousa In Immigrant Entrepreneurship German American Business Biographies 1720 to the Present vol 4 edited by Jeffrey Fear German Historical Institute Last modified May 27 2014 a b c d e Bierley 1973 pp 28 29 A Biography of John Philip Sousa A Capitol Fourth PBS Capital Concerts Archived from the original on August 10 2004 Retrieved January 1 2013 Bierley 1973 p 32 a b A Brief Timeline of Sousa s Life Dallas Wind Symphony Archived from the original on October 7 2011 Retrieved September 16 2018 James A Garfield 1989 Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States Archived from the original on May 15 2011 Benjamin Harrison 1989 Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States Archived from the original on May 15 2011 Sousaphone Virginia Tech Music Dictionary Virginia Tech University Archived from the original on October 12 2014 Retrieved January 1 2013 Bierley Paul Edmund The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa University of Illinois Press 2006 The Sousa Band America s Story Library of Congress Retrieved January 1 2013 Royal Albert Hall Archives Bierley Paul E 2006 The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa University of Illinois Press p 46 ISBN 0 252 03147 4 a b c d e John Phillips Sousa United States Navy Memorial Sousa Leaves the Marine Band The New York Times Vol XLI no 12 772 August 1 1892 p 1 ProQuest 94976417 Bierley 2001 p 250 Bierley 2001 p 78 Lineage Book Daughters of the American Revolution 1922 1922 p 165 Retrieved August 13 2015 McSherry Jack L Jr John Philip Sousa The Spanish American War Centennial Website Retrieved January 1 2013 Paul E Bierley October 28 1997 Biography of John Philip Sousa Scottish Rite Journal Archived from the original on November 6 2005 Paul E Bierley is a member of Whitehall No 761 Whitehall Ohio John Philip Sousa Band Leader Dies in Hotel at Reading special edition The New York Times March 6 1932 Archived from the original on August 25 2018 His musical education began at 7 He had already made up his mind that he wanted to be a musician and four years later he won all the medals at the conservatory the beginning of his collection of decorations which is said to be the largest in his field in the world That same year he became a violin soloist Congressionalcemetery org Congressionalcemetery org Retrieved December 6 2012 Richard Greenwood May 30 1975 National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination John Philip Sousa Home pdf National Park Service and Accompanying photos exterior from 1975 1 09 MB Barron James July 3 2016 John Philip Sousa IV with Help from a Famous Surname Dabbles in Politics The New York Times Archived from the original on January 31 2020 Retrieved January 31 2020 a b Inductees Trapshooting Hall of Fame Markovich Audrey A Fall 2006 John Philip Sousa Penn State Archived from the original on April 26 2015 Prominent Members Kappa Kappa Psi Archived from the original on July 16 2011 Retrieved January 1 2013 Famous Sinfonians Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Retrieved April 11 2022 SOUSA The Liberty Bell The President s Own U S Marine Band March 3 2009 Crowther Bosley 2010 Stars and Stripes Forever 1952 The New York Times Archived from the original on June 28 2010 Retrieved January 13 2013 Bennett William J Cribb John T E 2013 The American Patriot s Almanac Daily Readings on America Thomas Nelson p 495 ISBN 978 1 59555 375 1 John Philip Sousa Music and Personal Papers circa 1880 1932 The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music Retrieved November 12 2015 Sam Fox 89 Dies Music Publisher The New York Times December 1 1971 US Code Title 36 304 Cornell Law School October 30 2006 Archived from the original on December 7 2010 Retrieved November 2 2006 Imperial Edward March www marineband marines mil Retrieved January 30 2020 Army Regulation 220 90 Army Bands November 27 2000 para 2 5f g Anchor and Star March www marineband marines mil Retrieved January 28 2020 Who s Who in Navy Blue Wingert Jones Music Inc Retrieved December 6 2012 The Dauntless Battalion www marineband marines mil Retrieved November 23 2022 Troop A The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History Ech case edu Retrieved December 6 2012 Minnesota March University of Minnesota Marching Band University of Minnesota School of Music Retrieved January 11 2016 Frank Brendan The Legacy of Illinois Bands Illinois Bands College of Fine and Applied Arts University of Illinois Archived from the original on May 12 2011 Retrieved November 30 2012 Sousa writes special march for Nebraska The Daily Nebraskan Lincoln Nebraska February 22 1928 Retrieved November 30 2012 History Kansas State Bands Kansas State Bands Kansas State University Bands Archived from the original on October 2 2012 Retrieved November 30 2012 Student Organizations Band Marquette University Archived from the original on July 3 2017 Retrieved November 30 2012 Vocal score of The Charlatan March 10 2001 Retrieved April 7 2012 John Philip Sousa Guide to Musical Theatre Operetta The Guide to Musical Theatre Retrieved January 1 2013 Hughes Gervase Composers of Operetta New York 1962 Bierley 2001 p 102 My religion lies in my composition Brainyquote com March 6 1932 Retrieved April 7 2012 a b c John Philip Sousa National Trapshooting Hall of Fame Archived from the original on May 5 2008 Retrieved February 25 2008 John Philip Sousa 1902 The fifth string Bowen Merrill Retrieved January 9 2013 Pipetown Sandy Sousa John Philip 1854 1932 Free Download amp Streaming Internet Archive California Digital Library Retrieved January 1 2013 Willow Grove Park Wgpark com Archived from the original on October 21 2004 Retrieved April 7 2012 John Philip Sousa 1985 A book of instruction for the field trumpet and drum together with the trumpet and drum signals now in use in the Army Navy and Marine Corps of the United States Ludwig Music Pub Co Retrieved January 9 2013 a b Smart James R The Sousa Band A Discography Library of Congress Washington D C 1970 Sousa John Philip 2010 Warfield Patrick ed Six marches A R Editions Inc p 30 ISBN 978 0 89579 675 2 New Music Machine Thrills All Hearers At First Test Here The New York Times October 7 1925 p 1 March King John Philip Sousa Conducts His Own Marches Amazon Archived from the original on June 18 2022 Retrieved February 25 2008 Lovrien David What is the John Philip Sousa Award for band students www dws org Archived from the original on July 8 2011 Retrieved October 19 2016 Sousa Foundation www sousafoundation net Retrieved October 19 2016 Sources edit 75 years after death here Sousa sells out the Abe Reading Eagle Newspaper Congressional hearing in Copyright s Communication Policy by Professor Tim Woo University of Virginia May 2004 Caution 560k PDF Bierley Paul E 1973 John Philip Sousa American Phenomenon revised ed Alfred Music ISBN 978 1 4574 4995 6 Bierley Paul E 2001 John Philip Sousa American Phenomenon Alfred Music ASIN B019NRUQPY Further reading editBerger Kenneth W The March King and His Band The Story of John Philip Sousa New York Exposition Press 1957 Bierley Paul E John Philip Sousa A Descriptive Catalog of His Works Urbana University of Illinois Press 1973 Bierley Paul E The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa Urbana University of Illinois Press 2006 Delaplaine Edward S John Philip Sousa and the National Anthem Frederick MD Great Southern Press 1983 Heslip Malcolm Nostalgic Happenings in the Three Bands of John Philip Sousa Westerville OH Integrity Press 1992 Lingg Ann M John Philip Sousa New York Holt 1954 Newsom Jon ed Perspectives on John Philip Sousa Washington Library of Congress 1983 Proksch Bryan ed A Sousa Reader Essays Interviews and Clippings Chicago GIA 2017 Warfield Patrick Making the March King John Philip Sousa s Washington Years 1854 1893 University of Illinois Press 2013 331 pages scholarly biographyMusic sources edit Bierley Paul E The Works of John Philip Sousa Columbus OH Integrity Press 1984 Sousa John Philip Marching Along Recollections of Men Women and Music Edited by Paul E Bierley Boston Hale Cushman amp Flint 1928 rev 1994 Sousa John Philip National Patriotic and Typical Airs of All Lands N Y Da Capo Press 1977 Sousa John Philip Through the Year with Sousa Excerpts from the Operas Marches Miscellaneous Compositions Novels Letters Magazine Articles Songs Sayings and Rhymes of John Philip Sousa New York Thomas Y Crowell amp 1910 Warfield Patrick ed 2010 John Philip Sousa Six Marches Music of the United States of America MUSA vol 21 Madison Wisconsin A R Editions Articles Bennett Jeb John Philip Sousa 100th Anniversary Marine Corps Gazette 64 no 10 1980 31 34 Bierley Paul E Sousa America s Greatest Composer Musical Journal 25 no 1 1967 83 87 Bierley Paul E Sousa on Programming Instrumentalist December 1973 Bierley Paul E Sousa s Mystery March Instrumentalist February 1966 Dvorak Raymond F Recollections of Sousa s March Performances School Musician Director and Teacher December 1969 Evenson Orville The March Style of Sousa Instrumentalist November 1954 Fennell Frederick Sousa Still a Somebody Instrumentalist March 1982 Gaydos Jeff Stars and Stripes and Sousa Forever Bandwagon June 1980 Goldberg Isaac Sousa American Mercury 27 1932 193 200 Goldman Richard Franko John Philip Sousa HiFi Stereo Review 19 no 1 1967 35 47 Gordon Marjorie M John Philip Sousa A Centennial Year Salute to the March King Musical Journal 11 no 11 1954 28 34 Heney John J On the Road with the Sousa Band School Musician Director and Teacher 1976 Howard George S A New Era for Brass Sousa s Role Music Journal January 1966 Intravaia Lawrence J Wind Band Scoring Practices of Gilmore and Sousa School Musician Director and Teacher 36 no 7 March 1965 62 63 Larson Cedric John Philip Sousa as an Author Etude August 1941 Mangrum Mary Gailey I Remember Sousa Instrumentalist 24 no 5 1969 38 41 Mangrum Mary Gailey Sousa the Patriot Instrumentalist 24 no 6 1970 33 35 Marek George Richard John Philip Sousa HiFi Musical America 23 no 11 1973 57 61 Mathews William Smith Babcock An Interview with John Philip Sousa Music A Monthly Magazine 9 1896 487 92 Mayer Francis N John Philip Sousa His Instrumentation and Scoring Music Educator s Journal January 1960 Peterson O A The Human Side of Sousa Musical Messenger May 1916 Pleasants Henry A Look at Sousa Ormandy and Critics International Herald Tribune Paris Edition December 1969 Sousa and His Mission Music A Monthly Magazine 16 July 1899 272 76 Sousa as He Is Music A Monthly Magazine 14 May 1899 Sousa s New Marine Band Musical Courier November 9 1892 Stoddard Hope Sousa Symbol of an Era International Musician December 1948 Thomson Grace F Memories of the March King Musical Journal 22 no 5 1964 27 49 Trimborn Thomas J In the Footsteps of Sousa Instrumentalist 35 no 4 1980 10 13 Wimbush Roger Sousa at the Proms Monthly Musical Record 68 238 40 Dissertations Bly Leon Joseph The March in American Society Diss University of Miami 1977 Bowie Gordon W R B Hall and the Community Bands of Maine Diss University of Maine 1993 Carpenter Kenneth William A History of the United States Marine Band Diss University of Iowa 1971 Church Charles Fremont The Life and Influence of John Philip Sousa Diss Ohio State University 1942 Darling Matthew H A Study and Catalogue of the Solos Composed Arranged and Transcribed for Xylophone and Band by John Joseph Heney 1902 1978 Percussionist 1926 31 and Xylophone Soloist 1931 with the John Philip Sousa Band Diss University of Arizona 1998 Hemberger Glen J Selected Songs for Chamber Winds and Soprano Rediscovering a Forgotten Repertoire of John Philip Sousa Diss University of North Texas 2001 Hester Michael E A Study of the Saxophone Soloists Performing with the John Philip Sousa Band 1893 1930 Diss University of Arizona 1995 Jorgensen Michael R John Philip Sousa s Operetta El Capitan A Historical Analytical and Performance Guide Diss Ball State University 1995 Korzun Jonathan Nicholas The Orchestral Transcriptions for Band of John Philip Sousa a Description and Analysis Diss University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 1994 Kreitner Mona Bulpitt A Splendid Group of American Girls The Women Who Sang with the Sousa Band Diss University of Memphis 2007 Norton Pauline Elizabeth Hosack March Music in Nineteenth Century America Diss University of Michigan 1983 Stacy William Barney John Philip Sousa and His Band Suites Diss University of Colorado 1973 Summers C Oland The Development of Original Band Scoring from Sousa to Husa Diss Ball State University 1986 Warfield Patrick Salesman of Americanism Globetrotter and Musician the Nineteenth century John Philip Sousa 1854 1893 Diss Indiana University 2003 Whisler John A The Songs of John Philip Sousa Diss Memphis State University 1975 Wright Maurice The Fifth String an Opera in One Act Diss Columbia University 1989 Archives edit John Philip Sousa papers 1695 1966 Archived June 18 2020 at the Wayback Machine at the United States Marine Band Library and Archives Archived June 22 2020 at the Wayback Machine in Washington D C John Philip Sousa Collection The March King John Philip Sousa digital collection the Music of John Philip Sousa and Victor Grabel and the Dodrill Sousa sheet music collection at the Library of Congress The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 2011 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Philip Sousa nbsp Wikisource has original works by or about John Philip Sousa Works by John Philip Sousa at Project Gutenberg Works by John Philip Sousa at Faded Page Canada Works by John Philip Sousa at LibriVox public domain audiobooks nbsp Free scores by John Philip Sousa at the International Music Score Library Project IMSLP John Philip Sousa recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John Philip Sousa amp oldid 1196177198, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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