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Winter Garden Theatre

January 01, 1970

This article is about the current Broadway theater. For the former Broadway theater, see Winter Garden Theatre (1850). For other uses, see Winter Garden.

The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre at 1634 Broadway in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Originally designed by architect William Albert Swasey, it opened in 1911. The Winter Garden's current design dates to 1922, when it was completely remodeled by Herbert J. Krapp. Due to the size of its auditorium, stage, and backstage facilities, it is favored for large musical productions. It has 1,600 seats and is operated by The Shubert Organization. The auditorium interior is a New York City landmark.

Winter Garden Theatre
Cadillac Winter Garden Theatre
Address1634 Broadway
Manhattan, New York City
United States
Coordinates40°45′42″N 73°59′01″W / 40.76167°N 73.98361°W / 40.76167; -73.98361
OwnerShubert Organization
TypeBroadway
Capacity1,600
ProductionBack to the Future: The Musical
Construction
OpenedMarch 10, 1911
Rebuilt1922–1923
Years active1911–1928, 1933–1945, 1948–present
ArchitectWilliam Albert Swasey (original theater)
Herbert J. Krapp (rebuild)
Website
Official website
DesignatedJanuary 5, 1988[1]
Reference no.1387[1]
Designated entityLobby and auditorium interior

The Winter Garden Theatre was adapted from the old building of the American Horse Exchange, completed in 1896. Its original façade consisted of several arches on Broadway, which were subsequently converted to a brick wall with a large sign. The interior is covered with detailing in the Adam style. Though the auditorium contains a single balcony above the orchestra level, the boxes are arranged in two levels above the orchestra. The auditorium contains a ribbed ceiling, which originally had exposed trusses prior to Krapp's renovation. The proscenium and stage also date to Krapp's renovation, when they were scaled down from their original size.

The Winter Garden was originally operated by brothers Lee and Jacob J. Shubert. In its early days, the theater frequently hosted series of revues presented under the umbrella titles The Passing Show, Artists and Models, and the Greenwich Village Follies. The Winter Garden served as a Warner Bros. movie house from 1928 to 1933 and a United Artists cinema from 1945 to 1948. Aside from these interruptions, it has largely operated as a legitimate theater. From 1982 to 2013, the Winter Garden hosted only two productions: the musicals Cats and Mamma Mia!. The theater was renovated in 2000 and was known as the Cadillac Winter Garden Theatre from 2002 to 2007.

Site edit

The Winter Garden Theatre is on 1634 Broadway, near Times Square, in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[2][3] The land lot takes up much of the city block bounded by Broadway to the west, 50th Street to the south, Seventh Avenue to the east, and 51st Street to the north. The lot covers 22,744 square feet (2,113.0 m2),[3] with a frontage of 160 feet (49 m) on Broadway, 144 feet (44 m) on 50th Street, and 145 feet (44 m) on Seventh Avenue.[4] Nearby buildings include the Mark Hellinger Theatre (Times Square Church) to the northwest; Axa Equitable Center to the northeast; The Michelangelo to the east; The Theater Center, Brill Building, and Ambassador Theatre to the southwest; and Paramount Plaza to the west.[3] An entrance to the New York City Subway's 50th Street station, serving the 1 train, is just south of the theater's Broadway entrance.[5]

Previous building edit

In the late 19th century, what is now Times Square was known as Longacre Square and was heavily frequented by the horse and carriage industry.[6][7] The site of the Winter Garden Theatre was originally occupied by the American Horse Exchange, which was built by William K. Vanderbilt.[6][8] The Horse Exchange, on the east side of Broadway between 50th and 51st Streets, was designed by D. & J. Jardine.[8] The exchange sold thoroughbreds at a time when bad horses were commonly being offered.[6] Though the first sale took place in 1880,[9][10] the Horse Exchange was not completed until the next year.[6][8]

The original exchange building was a two- and three-story structure covered three-quarters on the block, surrounding a covered horse ring measuring 100 feet (30 m) square. The Broadway wing had dealers' offices on the first floor and the exchange's offices on the second floor, as well as space for carriages and valuable horses. The 50th Street and Seventh Avenue wings had horses on each floor, with 187 box stalls total.[11] The exchange burned down in June 1896, killing close to a hundred horses.[11][12] After the exchange was destroyed, Vanderbilt hired A. V. Porter to construct a new structure of two to four stories.[6][7] The new building surrounded a covered ring measuring 160 by 80 feet (49 by 24 m). The new structure reused some of the old exchange's walls and had a brick facade with arched windows, as well as trusses over the ring.[6]

Design edit

The Winter Garden Theatre's building was adapted from the rebuilt American Horse Exchange.[6][13] In 1911 the Shubert family leased the building and architect William Albert Swasey redesigned the building as a theater.[2][14][15] The Winter Garden was completely remodeled in 1922 by Herbert J. Krapp.[2][15][16] The theater is still operated by the Shubert Organization.[17]

Facade edit

 
The Winter Garden Theatre's original facade as seen in 1913

As designed, the main entrance was on Broadway and there were ten exits on Seventh Avenue.[4][18] The Broadway facade was designed in a colonial style with plain gray stone.[18][19][20] The original exterior used much of the existing facade of the Horse Exchange, though a cupola was added in the modification, as well as a heavy cornice.[20] The facade had five Palladian-style arches and columns.[19][21] The columns rose two stories, supporting a cornice and a pediment.[21] Five mahogany doors led to the ticket lobby.[18] The modern facade has large billboards, which have historically been used to advertise the shows at the Winter Garden.[22] The billboards date to at least the 1930s.[6]

The Seventh Avenue facade, originally unornamented, was decorated in the 1922 renovation because of the growing prominence of that avenue.[23] Because of the number of exits to the surrounding streets, Architecture and Building magazine wrote in 1911 that the theater "is said to have more exits than any other auditorium of its size in the United States".[24] A portion of the old American Horse Exchange facade was visible on Seventh Avenue until the late 1990s, when it was refaced in brick.[6]

The theater's relatively small entrance on Broadway allowed the Shubert family to place storefronts along the rest of the Broadway frontage.[20] The corner of Broadway and 50th Street was leased out as an eatery.[25][26] It was originally designed as a restaurant space in the Flemish style.[27] Over the years, it became a nightclub known as Palais de Danse, Montmartre, and Singapore.[20][26]

Lobbies edit

The ticket office is just inside the Broadway entrance.[18] It leads to a rectangular inner lobby 20 by 50 feet (6.1 by 15.2 m).[4] The inner lobby is a rectangular space, with doors on the west and east walls.[28] The walls contain panels with foliate decorations in the Adam style. These are separated by Adam-style pilasters, topped by Corinthian-style capitals. The west doors lead to the ticket lobby and are made of bronze. The east doors lead to the auditorium and are made of bronze with glass frames; these doors are separated by pilasters that hold up an arched entablature. The walls also have lighting sconces. The lobby's ceiling contains Adam-style bands that split the ceiling into Adam-style quadrilateral panels.[28] Adjoining the inner lobby was a smoking room,[4][18] measuring 30 by 35 feet (9.1 by 10.7 m), with an attached men's restroom.[4] There was also a bar and a service room.[18]

Auditorium edit

 
View from the stage toward the seating areas

The auditorium has an orchestra level; two levels of boxes above the orchestra; one balcony; and a stage behind the proscenium arch. The auditorium's width is greater than its depth, and the space is designed with plaster decorations in high relief.[29] According to the Shubert Organization, the auditorium has 1,600 seats;[17] however, Playbill gives a different figure of 1,493 seats[30] and The Broadway League cites 1,526 seats.[31] There are 1,045 seats in the orchestra, 486 on the balcony, 36 in the boxes, and 33 standing-only spots.[17] In its original configuration, the Winter Garden had 1,200 seats at orchestra level and 400 at balcony level.[4][32] In addition, the original theater had 150 box seats.[32]

The original decorative elements were designed by John Wanamaker.[33] The theater was initially designed with latticework rather than Adam-style detailing, since latticework was commonly used as a design motif in Broadway theaters of the 1910s.[19][34] The theater's name, as well as its original design, was meant to evoke an English garden.[20][35]

Seating areas edit

The orchestra floor is raked.[36] The rear (north) end of the orchestra contains a shallow promenade, which wraps around to the auditorium's sides. Pilasters with Corinthian capitals divide the promenade's rear wall into sections, and a cornice with dentils and modillions also runs along the wall, above the pilasters. The promenade is separated from the orchestra seating by a row of columns, also topped by Corinthian capitals. The orchestra promenade's coved ceiling is divided by Adam-style bands with foliate decorations. Each cove has circular decorative elements at their centers, which contain coffers and swags.[37] The promenade forms part of a "grand promenade" connecting Broadway and Seventh Avenue.[23] A standing rail is placed behind the rearmost row of seats.[38] The orchestra level previously had 12 boxes extending along the sides of the auditorium.[23][39] The walls originally contained latticework, behind which were lights.[21][24] One architectural critic said that the rake of the orchestra "makes for poor visibility from most locations" due to its shallowness.[36]

The balcony level is also raked; the front section contains several curves, which resemble the curves of boxes.[28] The rear of the balcony level contains a promenade, which starts behind the center of the balcony and extends around to either side.[37] This promenade was originally designed as a foyer measuring 30 by 40 feet (9.1 by 12.2 m), which had balconies overlooking Broadway.[4] Columns separate the promenade from the balcony seating areas. The front railing of the balcony is decorated with molded bands, swags, and foliate ornament.[37] There are lighting fixtures and other equipment in front of the railing. The underside of the balcony has Adam-style bands with foliate decorations, as well as air-conditioning vents.[40]

 
Box view

On either side of the stage is an outwardly splayed wall section with boxes at the balcony level and directly above the balcony. Both levels have three boxes on either side, which are curved outward.[28] The fronts of the boxes have similar molded bands, swags, and foliate ornament as the balcony's front. In addition, the centers of the boxes have rosettes and oval panels. Pilasters with Adam-style decoration, running the full height of the auditorium, flank the boxes' wall sections. Each of the boxes' pilasters is topped by a Corinthian capital. There are griffin motifs and cartouches above the higher level of boxes.[37] The present boxes and pilasters date from the 1923 renovation.[23][34] The original design had only one level of boxes, which was at the balcony level.[18][34] In the original design, the entire balcony front was occupied by a row of 21 boxes, and the wall sections on each side had two large party boxes,[18] for a total of 25 boxes.[4]

Other design features edit

The proscenium arch measures 24 feet 4 inches (7.42 m) high and 44 feet 10 inches (13.67 m) wide.[17] It consists of a wide, molded band with foliated swags, rosettes, and molded figures. There are medallions within the spandrels at the corners of the arch.[37] The present size and design of the proscenium arch dates to the 1922 renovation; an inner arch and drapes were installed to artificially reduce the original arch's size.[34][41] In the proscenium's original configuration, it measured 30 feet (9.1 m) high and about 50 feet (15 m) wide.[4][18] A sounding board curves onto the ceiling above the proscenium. It contains a panel that shows dancing and music-playing figures in a forest. These figures are surrounded by an Adam-style foliate band.[38] The panel measures 30 by 40 feet (9.1 by 12.2 m)[23] and is titled "The Shepherd's Dream".[23][41]

The depth of the auditorium to the proscenium is 40 feet 0 inches (12.19 m), while the depth to the front of the stage is 44 feet 2 inches (13.46 m).[17] When the theater originally opened, the stage had a semicircular apron with a 5-foot (1.5 m) radius, as well as a runway.[23][42][a] The runway, added in 1912, was intended to bring the performers much closer to the audience.[33] The apron and runway were removed in the 1922 renovation,[23][42] and seats were added in their place.[34][43] The dressing rooms were placed in a separate structure directly behind the stage, separated from the auditorium by brick walls.[24] There is an orchestra pit in front of and below the stage.[37]

The modern ceiling contains vaults, placed between ribs that are designed in the Adam style. The vaults themselves are divided into panels by Adam-style moldings and bands. The center of the ceiling contains a panel with a dome, surrounded by latticework and foliate decoration. At each of the dome's four corners, there are medallions, which depict mythical fauns playing lyres and pipes.[38] In the theater's original design, the ceiling trusses remained exposed, a vestige of the old Horse Exchange.[7][15][21] The ceiling was finished in wooden latticework, and the ceiling was painted blue, giving an impression of an open-air venue.[14][18][44] The original ceiling had poor acoustics.[20] During the 1922 renovation, Krapp had lowered the ceiling to below the trusses.[15][34][41]

History edit

Times Square became the epicenter for large-scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression.[45] Manhattan's theater district had begun to shift from Union Square and Madison Square during the first decade of the 20th century.[46][47] From 1901 to 1920, forty-three theaters were built around Broadway in Midtown Manhattan.[48] The Winter Garden Theatre was predated by an earlier theater of the same name, which opened in 1850 and was further downtown, at Broadway and Bond Street.[26][49] The current Winter Garden was developed by the Shubert brothers of Syracuse, New York, who expanded downstate into New York City in the first decade of the 20th century.[50][51] After the death of Sam S. Shubert in 1905, his brothers Lee and Jacob J. Shubert expanded their theatrical operations significantly.[52][53] The brothers controlled a quarter of all plays and three-quarters of theatrical ticket sales in the U.S. by 1925.[50][54]

Development and early years edit

Conversion of Horse Exchange edit

 
Winter Garden Theatre, 1916

Both Sam and Lee Shubert had prevented Jacob from taking a full role in the operation of the Shubert syndicate, and Lee had often sent Jacob to oversee productions outside New York City after Sam died.[55] This prompted Jacob to develop his own theater; he subsequently recalled that, while walking up Broadway in early 1910, he looked at the Horse Exchange. Though the exchange was far north of the established Broadway theater district at the time, the raked balcony above the horse-auction ring appealed to Jacob, even after he learned that Vanderbilt was the landlord.[56] With the horse transportation declining in favor of automobiles, Vanderbilt leased the Horse Exchange site to the Shuberts in 1910.[6][7] While Vanderbilt did not want to sell, he was willing to lease the site for 40 years at an annual fee of $40,000.[56]

The plans for the Winter Garden itself dated to December 1909, when producer Lew Fields, a close associate of Lee Shubert, was planning a music hall-style venue. Despite Fields's greater expertise, Jacob Shubert had a greater advantage; because of large expenditures, Fields became indebted to Lee and ultimately became an employee of the Shuberts.[57] In May 1910, the Shubert brother filed plans for a theater called Lew Fields' Winter Garden, which would be built on the Horse Exchange site at a cost of $500,000.[58][59] William Albert Swasey would be the architect while John McKeefrey would be the builder.[18] The Winter Garden was originally intended to host operas, ballets, dances, and other large performances, similar to variety and music halls.[60][61]

During mid-1910, while Fields was on tour, Jacob changed many of Fields's plans for the theater's physical specifications. Jacob also sent harsh letters to Fields about the latter's overspending, causing conflict between the two men.[57] By the end of 1910, Fields had transferred his entire stake in the Winter Garden's operation to the Shubert brothers.[57][62] A factor in Fields's withdrawal was Lee's lack of intervention in the dispute, implicitly favoring his less experienced brother over his longtime partner.[32] Although Lee controlled bookings and financing, Jacob was in charge of the Winter Garden's operation.[63] Jacob wanted the new theater to produce musical revues, in effect competing with the Ziegfeld Follies operated by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr.[32][63] The Winter Garden was to be the flagship venue for the Shuberts' own productions.[64]

1910s and early 1920s edit

The Winter Garden was supposed to open at the beginning of March 1911, but ticket sales did not even begin until March 6 due to difficulties in scheduling productions.[65] It opened on March 20, 1911, with the two-part musical La Belle Paree.[21][66] The show featured the Broadway premiere of actor and singer Al Jolson.[67] The New York Times wrote that the Winter Garden was "New York's latest plaything, a very flashy toy, full of life and go and color and with no end of jingle to it".[21][32][68] Conversely, when flops were staged at the Winter Garden, critics said they could smell the horse stables.[35][69] After La Belle Paree closed, the show Revue of Revues, featuring Gaby Deslys,[70][71][72] opened in September 1911 and ran for two months.[73][74] That November, the revue Vera Violetta opened,[75][76] with numerous performers including Jolson, Deslys, and Mae West.[67][72] In its early years, the Winter Garden hosted a successful series of concerts on Sunday nights, which featured performers such as Jolson.[35] Jacob Shubert soon realized that Jolson was a major factor in the Winter Garden's success.[72]

While on a trip to Europe, Lee had met with German producer Max Reinhardt, who had pioneered the idea of a runway extending from a stage into the audience. Lee copied Reinhardt's idea, adding a bridge above the orchestra seats.[19] In early 1912, Jolson, Deslys, and Stella Mayhew starred in The Whirl of Society,[77][78][79] the first show to use the Winter Garden's runway.[79] Jolson performed near the audience on the runway, as did 80 lightly clothed showgirls,[80][81] leading the runway to be nicknamed the "bridge of thighs".[19][82] (From) Broadway to Paris premiered in November 1912,[83][84][85] and Jolson, Deslys, and Fanny Brice appeared in The Honeymoon Express the next year.[86][87][88] Jacob's son, John Shubert, subsequently recalled that after The Honeymoon Express, Jolson returned to the Winter Garden once every 18 months on average. Jolson's shows typically premiered early in the year, then went on tour after a summer break.[89] These shows included Dancing Around (1914),[90][91] Robinson Crusoe, Jr. (1916),[92][93] Sinbad (1918),[87][89][94] and Monte Cristo, Jr. (1919).[87][95][96]

Though Jolson made the Winter Garden popular, the Shuberts had to fill the theater when Jolson was on tour.[63] Jacob Shubert, who considered Florenz Ziegfeld as an adversary,[97] rushed the production of his revue The Passing Show in mid-1912 after hearing that Ziegfeld was on vacation.[86] The first edition of The Passing Show opened in July 1912.[98][81] The series ran yearly through 1924, except for in 1920, when a specific edition for that year was not held.[99][b] The series featured performers including Willie and Eugene Howard, Charlotte Greenwood, Marilyn Miller, Ed Wynn, Frank Fay, Fred and Adele Astaire, Marie Dressler, and Fred Allen.[100] Jolson never appeared in any edition of The Passing Show,[101] but the series nonetheless had notable acts such as Miller's dancing debut in 1914.[63][102] In addition to Jolson's performances and The Passing Show, the Winter Garden hosted other musicals and revues. These included Cinderella on Broadway[96][103] and the Broadway Brevities in 1920;[96][104] The Whirl of New York in 1921;[96][105] and Make It Snappy in 1922.[96][106]

Renovation and intermittent theatrical use edit

1920s edit

 
Greenwich Village Follies (1923)

In November 1922, the Winter Garden was closed for a renovation.[43][107] The work was intended to make the theater suitable "more for revue than for extravaganza", as The New York Times described it.[43] The proscenium arch was reduced in size and the ceiling was lowered under plans by Herbert Krapp.[23][34][108] One hundred seats were installed in the former runway,[41] and 50 boxes were added, 12 of them at orchestra level.[23][39] Workers renovated the theater 24 hours a day, working in three shifts of eight hours.[23][108] The theater's decorative scheme was changed to gold and white,[23][109] and mulberry-colored damask panels were installed to give a perception of intimacy.[41][109] Smoking, which had been allowed in the theater's early years, was banned after the 1922 renovation.[23]

The theater reopened on January 24, 1923, with the revue The Dancing Girl,[42][110] which was followed by that year's edition of The Passing Show.[111] The end of that year saw the first edition of another revue at the Winter Garden, the Greenwich Village Follies.[112][113] The Greenwich Village Follies reappeared in 1924[114] and 1928,[115][116] and the Winter Garden also hosted the Artists and Models revue in 1925[117][118] and 1927.[119][120] In addition to these revues, the musical Innocent Eyes was staged in 1924,[111][121] followed by Big Boy in 1925,[122][123] which was Al Jolson's last live appearance at the Winter Garden.[112][124] Also presented at the Winter Garden were Gay Paree (1925 and 1926),[125] The Great Temptations (1926),[111][126] and The Circus Princess (1927).[111][127] Warner Bros. took over the Winter Garden Theatre in 1928[128] and used it as a cinema for the next five years.[20][69][129] The first film shown was The Singing Fool, featuring Al Jolson,[130] which was screened in September 1928.[131][132]

1930s and 1940s edit

 
View from the west, overlooking the Winter Garden Theatre at bottom center

Warner Bros. ended its lease in 1933.[133][134] After the cinema lease was terminated, the first legitimate play to be presented was Hold Your Horses,[135][136] which opened in September 1933.[137][138] This was followed by the 1934 edition of the Ziegfeld Follies,[139][140][141] to which the Shuberts had acquired the rights after Florenz Ziegfeld died.[142] Another edition of the Follies was hosted in 1936.[139][143][144] These two editions featured performers such as Passing Show stars Willie and Eugene Howard, as well as Eve Arden, Josephine Baker, Fanny Brice, Buddy Ebsen, Bob Hope, Gypsy Rose Lee, The Nicholas Brothers, Gertrude Niesen, and Jane Pickens.[139] Between these performances, the Winter Garden staged Life Begins at 8:40 in 1934,[139][145][146] as well as Earl Carroll's Sketch Book[136][147] and At Home Abroad in 1935.[139][145][148]

At the end of 1936, Vincente Minnelli staged The Show Is On, a popular revue with Bert Lahr and Beatrice Lillie.[139][143][149] This was followed the next year by Hooray for What!, an antiwar musical.[139][150] The late 1930s ended with a relatively short run of You Never Know in 1938.[151][152][153] It was succeeded the same year by a much longer run of Olsen and Johnson's revue Hellzapoppin, which had transferred from the 46th Street Theatre and ran until 1941.[139][154] That year, the Shuberts staged Sons o' Fun,[139][155] another Olsen and Johnson hit, which ran at the Winter Garden for over a year before transferring in 1943.[156][157] The Winter Garden hosted the Ziegfeld Follies once again in 1943, with Milton Berle, Jack Cole, Ilona Massey, and Arthur Treacher.[158][159] This edition of the Follies ran longer than any previous edition.[160] This was followed in 1944 by Cole Porter's Mexican Hayride[161][162] and Olsen and Johnson's Laffing Room Only.[161][163]

After the operetta Marinka played in 1945,[164][165] the Winter Garden again became a cinema for three years.[20][166] United Artists started negotiating for the rights to use the Winter Garden for motion pictures in August 1945,[167] but there were disputes over sound equipment.[168] An agreement was reached later that month, with United Artists taking over that October.[169][170] By the end of 1947, United Artists struggled to find films to screen, and it was paying $7,500 a week in rent.[171] As the Girls Go, which opened in November 1948,[172][173] was the first production to be staged after the Winter Garden again became a legitimate theater.[166] The production, by Michael Todd, charged a top admission price of $7.20, which at the time was a record.[174]

Dedicated theatrical use edit

1950s to 1970s edit

Michael Todd staged Michael Todd's Peep Show, a burlesque, in 1950.[175][176] This was followed by the satire Top Banana in 1951, with Phil Silvers;[177][178] the musical Wonderful Town in 1953, with Rosalind Russell;[177][179] and a revival of Peter Pan in 1954.[180] The 16th-century classic Tamburlaine The Great was staged at the Winter Garden in 1956.[181][182] The Old Vic, a theater company from London, arrived the same year, presenting several Shakespeare plays.[183][184][c] The last Ziegfeld Follies at the Winter Garden was staged in 1957, featuring Beatrice Lillie and Billy De Wolfe,[189][190] but it was not as successful as previous versions, closing after 123 performances.[191][192] Later that year, the Winter Garden premiered the musical West Side Story featuring Carol Lawrence,[189][193] with music by Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim, the latter of whom was making his Broadway debut as a lyricist.[194] The Winter Garden's last productions of the 1950s were Juno and Saratoga in 1959.[195]

West Side Story returned to the Winter Garden briefly in 1960,[196] having transferred the previous year.[193] This was followed later that year by The Unsinkable Molly Brown with Tammy Grimes,[189][197] which ran 732 performances.[195][198] Eddie Fisher had a month-long engagement, Eddie Fisher at the Winter Garden, during late 1962.[199][200] For much of the rest of the decade, the Winter Garden presented two hits.[189] Funny Girl, with Barbra Streisand, opened in 1964[189][201] and ran for two years before transferring.[202] It was followed by Mame, with Angela Lansbury and Bea Arthur, which opened in 1966[189][203] and ran for three years.[204]

 
Lobby interior

The first hit of the 1970s was Stephen Sondheim and James Goldman's musical Follies,[205] which opened in 1971.[206][207] This was followed the next year by a revival of Much Ado About Nothing,[208][209] produced by the New York Shakespeare Festival and featuring Sam Waterston and Kathleen Widdoes.[210] In addition, Neil Diamond performed a series of solo concerts in October 1972,[211][212] and Liza Minnelli performed in a concert run in January 1974.[213][214] A revival of the Sondheim musical Gypsy, featuring Lansbury, was staged later in 1974,[215][216] and the Winter Garden hosted the 29th Tony Awards the following year.[217][218] Yet another Sondheim musical, Pacific Overtures, was staged at the Winter Garden in 1976.[215][219] It was followed the same year by a series of concerts by Natalie Cole,[220][221] as well as a 167-performance run of Fiddler on the Roof.[222][223] The musical Beatlemania opened in 1977 and ran for two years,[215][224] despite initial expectations of bad reviews.[225]

1980s and 1990s edit

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Winter Garden was used mostly for several minor shows and live appearances.[22] This included Zoot Suit in early 1979,[226][227] followed in June by Bruce Forsyth concerts[228][229] and in August by Gilda Radner's Live From New York appearances.[226][230][231] Next to be staged, in 1980, was Twyla Tharp's dance series.[232][233] The musical 42nd Street premiered later in 1980,[215][234] though the opening of the musical coincided with the death of its director, Gower Champion.[235][236] This was followed by Camelot in 1981[237][238] and a revival of Othello in 1982.[237][239] During the 1980s, the Shuberts renovated the Winter Garden as part of a restoration program for their Broadway theaters.[240]

Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Cats had been booked for the Winter Garden in April 1982, with a premiere scheduled for that October.[241] In mid-1982, the Shuberts closed the Winter Garden Theatre for a major renovation of both the exterior and the interior.[22] The auditorium was gutted to accommodate the show's junkyard setting,[22][242] under the supervision of designer John Napier.[243][244] In addition, the interior was painted black,[245] as was the billboard outside.[246] Cats opened on October 7, 1982,[247][248] and quickly became successful, winning multiple Tony Awards.[242][244][249] Cats became the longest-running Broadway show in history in June 1997, when it hit 6,138 performances.[250] Ultimately, Cats ran 7,485 performances spanning nearly eighteen years.[249][251]

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) had started considering protecting the Winter Garden as an official city landmark in 1982,[252] with discussions continuing over the next several years.[253] Though both the exterior and interior were considered,[254] the LPC designated only the interior as a landmark in January 1988.[1] This was part of the LPC's wide-ranging effort to grant landmark status to Broadway theaters, which had commenced in 1987.[254] The New York City Board of Estimate ratified the designations in March 1988.[255] The Shuberts, the Nederlanders, and Jujamcyn collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters, including the Winter Garden, on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified.[256] The lawsuit was escalated to the New York Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of the United States, but these designations were ultimately upheld in 1992.[257]

2000s to present edit

 
Seen while Mamma Mia! was in production

In 2000, the Shubert Organization and General Motors (GM) began discussions over a possible sponsorship, in which the Winter Garden could be rebranded for Cadillac, a division of GM.[258][259] Early the same year, theatrical media announced that Cats would close that June, having played to more than 10 million guests and grossing over $380 million.[242][244] Cats closed on September 10, 2000,[260][261] and objects from the production were auctioned at the Winter Garden.[251] Afterward, architect Francesca Russo restored the theater to its 1920s appearance.[262][263] The $10 million project entailed restoring many of the architectural features that had been heavily modified for Cats, as well as restoring the lobby, lounges, seats, and ticket areas. Historical design features, such as light fixtures and plasterwork, were restored or replaced.[263] The stage, which had been disassembled for the run of Cats, also had to be reconstructed.[242]

Mamma Mia! was booked for the Winter Garden shortly after Cats closed,[264] with a premiere in October 2001.[265][266] Following the Shuberts' discussions with GM, the theater was renamed the Cadillac Winter Garden Theatre in May 2002.[267][268] As part of a settlement with the United States Department of Justice in 2003, the Shuberts agreed to improve disabled access at their 16 landmarked Broadway theaters, including the Winter Garden.[269][270] At the beginning of 2007, GM's sponsorship ended and the venue returned to its original name.[271] Mamma Mia! was similarly long-running, transferring to the Broadhurst in 2013 to make way for Rocky the Musical.[272][273] Rocky opened in 2014 and ran for 188 performances.[274][275] This was followed in 2015 by a short run of Wolf Hall Parts One & Two,[276][277] as well as a much longer run of School of Rock, which closed in early 2019 after over 1,300 performances.[278][279]

 
The 2022 Broadway revival of The Music Man playing at the theatre

Beetlejuice opened in April 2019,[280][281] but the Shuberts announced the same December that Beetlejuice would be relocated to make way for a revival of Meredith Willson's The Music Man.[282] In March 2020, the theater closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic;[283] Beetlejuice's run, which had been scheduled to end that June, ended prematurely due to an extension of the COVID-19 closure.[284][285] The musical eventually relocated to the Marquis Theatre in 2022.[286] During its closure, a stagehand at the Winter Garden died after falling while taking down props for Beetlejuice in November 2020;[287][288] the Occupational Safety and Health Administration fined the Shuberts as a result.[289][290] The theater also served as the venue for the 74th Tony Awards in September 2021.[291][292] The Winter Garden reopened on December 20, 2021, with previews of The Music Man,[293][294] which officially opened in February 2022.[295] The production ran for 374 performances through January 2023.[296][297] Back to the Future: The Musical opened at the theater in August 2023.[298][299]

Notable productions edit

Productions are listed by the year of their first performance. Shows that have had multiple editions are listed by the year of the first performance of each edition. This list only includes Broadway shows; it does not include films.[31][30]

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ According to Architecture and Building, the stage originally measured 45 feet (14 m) deep and 108 feet (33 m) deep.[4] According to The New York Times, the stage measured 55 feet (17 m) deep and 116 feet (35 m) wide.[18]
  2. ^ The Passing Show of 1921 technically opened at the end of 1920.[99]
  3. ^ These include King Richard II,[185] Romeo and Juliet,[186] Macbeth,[187] and Troilus and Cressida.[188]
  4. ^ Including The Passing Show of 1916[302] and The Passing Show of 1918[303]
  5. ^ West Side Story premiered in 1957 and was revived in 1960.[193][195]

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 1.
  2. ^ a b c White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  3. ^ a b c "1634 Broadway, 10019". New York City Department of City Planning. from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Architecture and Building 1911, p. 330.
  5. ^ "MTA Neighborhood Maps: 50 St (1)". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gray, Christopher (September 13, 1998). "Streetscapes/50th Street from Broadway to Seventh Avenue; Once the Home of Horses, Now the Home of Cats". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  7. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 17.
  8. ^ a b c Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1999). New York 1880: Architecture and Urbanism in the Gilded Age. Monacelli Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-58093-027-7. OCLC 40698653.
  9. ^ "Sale of Valuable Horses; English Stock Disposed of at the New American Horse Exchange". The New York Times. November 25, 1880. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  10. ^ "Inaugural Sale at the American Horse Exchange". Turf, Field, and Farm. Vol. 31, no. 22. November 26, 1880. p. 343. ProQuest 88661737.
  11. ^ a b "Horses Prey to Flames; Nearly One Hundred Perish in a Broadway Fire. Property of American Horse Exchange Destroyed, with a Loss of $225,000 --Great Crowds Make a Scene of Disorder—Piteous Plight of the Animals Which Were in the Burning Building—Those in the Street Add Much to the Confusion". The New York Times. June 12, 1896. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  12. ^ "Scores of Horses Perish: More Than a Hundred Lost by the Burning of the American Horse Exchange One Man Reported to Have Been Killed—Several Persons Injured—The Total Loss Estimated at $300,000". New-York Tribune. June 12, 1896. p. 1. ProQuest 574192624.
  13. ^ Mordden, Ethan (2008). Ziegfeld: The Man Who Invented Show Business. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 154–5. ISBN 978-0-312-37543-0.
  14. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, pp. 17–18.
  15. ^ a b c d Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 230.
  16. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, pp. 18–19.
  17. ^ a b c d e "Winter Garden Theatre". Shubert Organization. September 9, 2020. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "New Theatre Open in Times Square; Guests Have First View of the Handsomely Equipped George M. Cohan Playhouse". The New York Times. February 13, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 43.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h Morrison 1999, p. 69.
  21. ^ a b c d e f "Winter Garden Open With Dazzling Show; New York's Latest Plaything a Flashy Toy in Brightest Colors, with Lots of Jingle to It". The New York Times. March 21, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  22. ^ a b c d Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 49.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "The Winter Garden, New York". Architecture and Building. Vol. 55. W.T. Comstock Company. 1923. pp. 39–40. from the original on April 21, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  24. ^ a b c Architecture and Building 1911, p. 331.
  25. ^ Architecture and Building 1911, pp. 331–332.
  26. ^ a b c Bloom 2007, p. 270.
  27. ^ Architecture and Building 1911, p. 332.
  28. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 24.
  29. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, pp. 24–25.
  30. ^ a b "Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. March 28, 2019. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  31. ^ a b The Broadway League. "Winter Garden Theatre – New York, NY". IBDB. from the original on May 1, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  32. ^ a b c d e Hirsch 2000, p. 83.
  33. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 18.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 19.
  35. ^ a b c Bloom 2007, p. 270; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 43.
  36. ^ a b Bloom, Martin (June 1976). "Toward an Architecture of The Theater as a Human Art" (PDF). Journal of the American Institute of Architects. p. 51. (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
  37. ^ a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 25.
  38. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 26.
  39. ^ a b Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, pp. 230–231.
  40. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, pp. 25–26.
  41. ^ a b c d e Morrison 1999, p. 70.
  42. ^ a b c ""The Dancing Girl" Exuberantly Opens The Winter Garden: Stars of Varied Fields of Theatric Art Assembled for Pretentious Premiere of Theater Newly Rebuilt". New-York Tribune. January 25, 1923. p. 8. ProQuest 1237238928.
  43. ^ a b c "Winter Garden to Be Rebuilt; Changes in Interior Are Designed to Make Theatre More For Revue Than Extravaganza". The New York Times. November 29, 1922. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  44. ^ Architecture and Building 1911, pp. 330–331.
  45. ^ Swift, Christopher (2018). "The City Performs: An Architectural History of NYC Theater". New York City College of Technology, City University of New York. from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  46. ^ "Theater District –". New York Preservation Archive Project. from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  47. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 2.
  48. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 4.
  49. ^ Henderson 1973, p. 108.
  50. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 8.
  51. ^ Stagg 1968, p. 208.
  52. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 9.
  53. ^ Stagg 1968, p. 75.
  54. ^ Stagg 1968, p. 217.
  55. ^ Hirsch 2000, p. 80.
  56. ^ a b Hirsch 2000, p. 81.
  57. ^ a b c Hirsch 2000, p. 82.
  58. ^ "Shuberts to Erect Another New York Theatre". The Billboard. Vol. 22, no. 22. May 28, 1910. p. 17. ProQuest 1031404313.
  59. ^ "New Winter Garden Near Times Square; Lew Fields's Theatre to be Erected on Site of the American Horse Exchange". The New York Times. May 20, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  60. ^ "To Open Next Thursday Night: New Winter Garden Will Be a Novel Place of Amusement". New-York Tribune. March 12, 1911. p. C7. ProQuest 574725315.
  61. ^ "The Amusement Week in New York: Winter Garden Opens Soon". The Billboard. Vol. 23, no. 8. February 25, 1911. pp. 10, 51. ProQuest 1031435872.
  62. ^ "Winter Garden Goes to Shuberts?". Variety. Vol. 21, no. 4. December 31, 1910. p. 5. ProQuest 1529195817.
  63. ^ a b c d Bloom 2007, p. 271.
  64. ^ Hirsch 2000, p. 84.
  65. ^ "Theatrical Notes". New-York Tribune. March 6, 1911. p. 7. ProQuest 574742389.
  66. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 270; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 43; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 21.
  67. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 270; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 21.
  68. ^ Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 43; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 21.
  69. ^ a b Henderson 1973, p. 282.
  70. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 270; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 45; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 21.
  71. ^ "Gaby Deslys Seen at Winter Garden; A Beauty Undoubtedly and a Woman of Average Music Hall Talent". The New York Times. September 28, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  72. ^ a b c Hirsch 2000, p. 89.
  73. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 33.
  74. ^ The Broadway League (September 27, 1911). "The Revue of Revues – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
    "The Revue of Revues Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  75. ^ "Lively Operetta at Winter Garden; " Vera Violetta," with Scenes in Paris Skating Rink, Introduces Gaby Deslys in English". The New York Times. November 21, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  76. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 20, 1911). "Vera Violetta – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Vera Violetta Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  77. ^ Hirsch 2000, pp. 89–90.
  78. ^ "Night With Pierrots a Stunning Novelty; It Is the Best Feature of the Elaborate New Show at the Winter Garden". The New York Times. March 6, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  79. ^ a b Bloom 2007, pp. 270–271; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 21.
  80. ^ Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 43; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 18.
  81. ^ a b Hirsch 2000, p. 92.
  82. ^ Schumach, Murray (March 31, 1946). "Winter Garden Cycle; From 'extravaganzas' to the 'talkies' --a playhouse that has made history". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  83. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 271; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 33.
  84. ^ "Lots of Glitter, Girls, and Whirls; With Gertrude Hoffmann of the Aubrey Beardsley Poses in New Show at the Winter Garden". The New York Times. November 21, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  85. ^ The Broadway League (November 20, 1912). "(From) Broadway to Paris – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
    "(From) Broadway to Paris Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  86. ^ a b Hirsch 2000, p. 90.
  87. ^ a b c Bloom 2007, p. 271; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 45; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 22.
  88. ^ "Lightning Speed to Honeymoon Express; And Sophisticated Winter Garden Audience Goes Wild Over Splendid Electrical Effect". The New York Times. February 7, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  89. ^ a b Hirsch 2000, p. 103.
  90. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 34.
  91. ^ "Dancing Around Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  92. ^ a b The Broadway League (February 17, 1916). "Robinson Crusoe, Jr. – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
    "Robinson Crusoe, Jr. Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  93. ^ a b Hirsch 2000, p. 103; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 34.
  94. ^ a b The Broadway League (February 14, 1918). "Sinbad – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Sinbad Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  95. ^ a b The Broadway League (February 12, 1919). "Monte Cristo, Jr. – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Monte Cristo, Jr. Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  96. ^ a b c d e Bloom 2007, p. 272; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 35.
  97. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 271; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 44.
  98. ^ "Lots of Agility in Winter Garden Skit; Helter-skelter Order of Fooling in the Satirical Review, Passing Show of 1912". The New York Times. July 23, 1912. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  99. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 272; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 44.
  100. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 271; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 44; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 21.
  101. ^ Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 45; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 22.
  102. ^ "Marilynn Miller Reaches New York via London; This Girl From Dayton, Ohio, Had to Dance Abroad Before She Could Get Recognition in New York". The New York Times. June 21, 1914. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  103. ^ The Broadway League (June 24, 1920). "Cinderella on Broadway – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
    "Cinderella on Broadway Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.
  104. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 29, 1920). "Broadway Brevities of 1920 – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Broadway Brevities of 1920 Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  105. ^ a b The Broadway League (June 13, 1921). "The Whirl of New York – Broadway Musical – 1921 Revival". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "The Whirl of New York Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  106. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 13, 1922). "Make It Snappy – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Make It Snappy Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  107. ^ "Musical Comedy: to Alter Winter Garden". The Billboard. Vol. 34, no. 46. November 18, 1922. p. 32. ProQuest 1031690560.
  108. ^ a b "Musical Comedy: Winter Garden to Reopen January 24". The Billboard. Vol. 35, no. 3. January 20, 1923. p. 32. ProQuest 1031698198.
  109. ^ a b Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987, p. 231.
  110. ^ "The Dancing Girl a Tasteful Revue; New Winter Garden Play Marked by Simplicity of Design – Trini From Spain Wins Favor". The New York Times. January 25, 1923. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  111. ^ a b c d e Bloom 2007, p. 272; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 36.
  112. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 272; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 45; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 22.
  113. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 20, 1923). "The Greenwich Village Follies [1923] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "The Greenwich Village Follies [1923] Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  114. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 16, 1924). "The Greenwich Village Follies [1924] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "The Greenwich Village Follies [1924] Broadway @ Sam S. Shubert Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  115. ^ "New Winter Garden Show; 'Greenwich Village Follies' to Open at Beginning of April". The New York Times. March 13, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  116. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 9, 1928). "The Greenwich Village Follies [1928] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "The Greenwich Village Follies [1928] Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  117. ^ a b The Broadway League (June 24, 1925). "Artists and Models [1925] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Artists and Models [1925] Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  118. ^ "Winter Garden Has Excellent Revue; " Artists and Models, Paris Edition" Displays the True Folies Bergere Touch". The New York Times. June 25, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  119. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 15, 1927). "Artists and Models [1927] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Artists and Models [1927] Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  120. ^ Atkinson, J. Brooks (November 16, 1927). "The Play; Winter Garden Carnival". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  121. ^ a b The Broadway League (May 20, 1924). "Innocent Eyes – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
    "Innocent Eyes Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  122. ^ a b The Broadway League (January 7, 1925). "Big Boy – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Big Boy Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  123. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 36.
  124. ^ Hirsch 2000, p. 151.
  125. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 272.
  126. ^ The Broadway League (May 18, 1926). "The Great Temptations – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
    "The Great Temptations Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  127. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 25, 1927). "The Circus Princess – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "The Circus Princess Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  128. ^ "Talking Pictures for Winter Garden; Warner Brothers' Booking Starts Next Month—Jolson in 'Singing Fool' First Attraction". The New York Times. August 16, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  129. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 273; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 45; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 22.
  130. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 273; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 45.
  131. ^ Watts, Richard Jr. (September 20, 1928). "On the Screen: 'The Singing Fool'--Winter Garden". New York Herald Tribune. p. 22. ProQuest 1113494638.
  132. ^ Hall, Mordaunt (September 17, 1928). "The Screen; Mystery Ships. A Sympathetic Robber. Keaton and "Our Gang." Other Photoplays". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  133. ^ "To Quit Winter Garden.; Warners to Drop Theatre Thursday With End of Lease". The New York Times. February 13, 1933. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  134. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 22.
  135. ^ "News of the Theaters: Carroll Revue, 2 Plays Open Here Next Week; 'hold Your Horses" Sept. 12 Donald Brian". New York Herald Tribune. September 2, 1933. p. 6. ProQuest 1222156215.
  136. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 273; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 46; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 37.
  137. ^ "News of the Theaters: 'Hold Your Horses Opens Tonightat Winter Garden; Miss Shields to Join Films Barbara Shields". New York Herald Tribune. September 25, 1933. p. 12. ProQuest 1222170392.
  138. ^ The Broadway League (September 25, 1933). "Hold Your Horses – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
    "Hold Your Horses Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  139. ^ a b c d e f g h i Bloom 2007, p. 273; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 46; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 22.
  140. ^ Hirsch 2000, p. 173.
  141. ^ a b The Broadway League (January 4, 1934). "Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  142. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 273; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 46.
  143. ^ a b Hirsch 2000, p. 178.
  144. ^ a b The Broadway League (January 30, 1936). "Ziegfeld Follies of 1936 – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Ziegfeld Follies of 1936 Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  145. ^ a b Hirsch 2000, p. 177.
  146. ^ a b The Broadway League (August 27, 1934). "Life Begins at 8:40 – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Life Begins at 8:40 Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  147. ^ The Broadway League (June 4, 1935). "Earl Carroll's Sketch Book [1935] – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
    "Earl Carroll's Sketch Book [1935] Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  148. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 19, 1935). "At Home Abroad – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "At Home Abroad Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  149. ^ The Broadway League (December 25, 1936). "The Show is On – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
    "The Show Is On Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  150. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 1, 1937). "Hooray For What! – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Hooray for What! Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  151. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 273; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988, p. 38.
  152. ^ Hirsch 2000, p. 184.
  153. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 21, 1938). "You Never Know – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "You Never Know Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  154. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 22, 1938). "Hellzapoppin – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Hellzapoppin Broadway @ 46th Street Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  155. ^ "' Sons O' Fun,' Based on 'Hellzapoppin' Formula, Opens Tonight – 'Sunny River' Off to Thursday". The New York Times. December 1, 1941. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  156. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 1, 1941). "Sons o' Fun – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
    "Sons O' Fun Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
  157. ^ "' Sons O' Fun' Is Set to Move March 29; Musical to Be Transferred to the 46th Street". The New York Times. March 11, 1943. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
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  165. ^ Zolotow, Sam (July 18, 1945). "'Marinka' in Debut at Winter Garden; Musical, Based on Mayerling Tragedy, Opens Tonight-- Joan Roberts a Principal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
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    "Romeo and Juliet Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
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    "Macbeth Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
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    "Troilus and Cressida Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
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  203. ^ Kauffmann, Stanley (May 25, 1966). "Theater: 'Mame' Is Back With a Splash as Musical; Angela Lansbury Stars as the Zesty Aunt Frankie Michaels and Beatrice Arthur Excel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
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    "Follies Broadway @ Winter Garden Theatre". Playbill. from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
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January 01, 1970
winter, garden, theatre, this, article, about, current, broadway, theater, former, broadway, theater, 1850, other, uses, winter, garden, broadway, theatre, 1634, broadway, midtown, manhattan, neighborhood, york, city, originally, designed, architect, william, . This article is about the current Broadway theater For the former Broadway theater see Winter Garden Theatre 1850 For other uses see Winter Garden The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre at 1634 Broadway in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City Originally designed by architect William Albert Swasey it opened in 1911 The Winter Garden s current design dates to 1922 when it was completely remodeled by Herbert J Krapp Due to the size of its auditorium stage and backstage facilities it is favored for large musical productions It has 1 600 seats and is operated by The Shubert Organization The auditorium interior is a New York City landmark Winter Garden TheatreCadillac Winter Garden TheatreAddress1634 BroadwayManhattan New York CityUnited StatesCoordinates40 45 42 N 73 59 01 W 40 76167 N 73 98361 W 40 76167 73 98361OwnerShubert OrganizationTypeBroadwayCapacity1 600ProductionBack to the Future The MusicalConstructionOpenedMarch 10 1911Rebuilt1922 1923Years active1911 1928 1933 1945 1948 presentArchitectWilliam Albert Swasey original theater Herbert J Krapp rebuild WebsiteOfficial websiteNew York City LandmarkDesignatedJanuary 5 1988 1 Reference no 1387 1 Designated entityLobby and auditorium interiorThe Winter Garden Theatre was adapted from the old building of the American Horse Exchange completed in 1896 Its original facade consisted of several arches on Broadway which were subsequently converted to a brick wall with a large sign The interior is covered with detailing in the Adam style Though the auditorium contains a single balcony above the orchestra level the boxes are arranged in two levels above the orchestra The auditorium contains a ribbed ceiling which originally had exposed trusses prior to Krapp s renovation The proscenium and stage also date to Krapp s renovation when they were scaled down from their original size The Winter Garden was originally operated by brothers Lee and Jacob J Shubert In its early days the theater frequently hosted series of revues presented under the umbrella titles The Passing Show Artists and Models and the Greenwich Village Follies The Winter Garden served as a Warner Bros movie house from 1928 to 1933 and a United Artists cinema from 1945 to 1948 Aside from these interruptions it has largely operated as a legitimate theater From 1982 to 2013 the Winter Garden hosted only two productions the musicals Cats and Mamma Mia The theater was renovated in 2000 and was known as the Cadillac Winter Garden Theatre from 2002 to 2007 Contents 1 Site 1 1 Previous building 2 Design 2 1 Facade 2 2 Lobbies 2 3 Auditorium 2 3 1 Seating areas 2 3 2 Other design features 3 History 3 1 Development and early years 3 1 1 Conversion of Horse Exchange 3 1 2 1910s and early 1920s 3 2 Renovation and intermittent theatrical use 3 2 1 1920s 3 2 2 1930s and 1940s 3 3 Dedicated theatrical use 3 3 1 1950s to 1970s 3 3 2 1980s and 1990s 3 3 3 2000s to present 4 Notable productions 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External linksSite editThe Winter Garden Theatre is on 1634 Broadway near Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City 2 3 The land lot takes up much of the city block bounded by Broadway to the west 50th Street to the south Seventh Avenue to the east and 51st Street to the north The lot covers 22 744 square feet 2 113 0 m2 3 with a frontage of 160 feet 49 m on Broadway 144 feet 44 m on 50th Street and 145 feet 44 m on Seventh Avenue 4 Nearby buildings include the Mark Hellinger Theatre Times Square Church to the northwest Axa Equitable Center to the northeast The Michelangelo to the east The Theater Center Brill Building and Ambassador Theatre to the southwest and Paramount Plaza to the west 3 An entrance to the New York City Subway s 50th Street station serving the 1 train is just south of the theater s Broadway entrance 5 Previous building edit In the late 19th century what is now Times Square was known as Longacre Square and was heavily frequented by the horse and carriage industry 6 7 The site of the Winter Garden Theatre was originally occupied by the American Horse Exchange which was built by William K Vanderbilt 6 8 The Horse Exchange on the east side of Broadway between 50th and 51st Streets was designed by D amp J Jardine 8 The exchange sold thoroughbreds at a time when bad horses were commonly being offered 6 Though the first sale took place in 1880 9 10 the Horse Exchange was not completed until the next year 6 8 The original exchange building was a two and three story structure covered three quarters on the block surrounding a covered horse ring measuring 100 feet 30 m square The Broadway wing had dealers offices on the first floor and the exchange s offices on the second floor as well as space for carriages and valuable horses The 50th Street and Seventh Avenue wings had horses on each floor with 187 box stalls total 11 The exchange burned down in June 1896 killing close to a hundred horses 11 12 After the exchange was destroyed Vanderbilt hired A V Porter to construct a new structure of two to four stories 6 7 The new building surrounded a covered ring measuring 160 by 80 feet 49 by 24 m The new structure reused some of the old exchange s walls and had a brick facade with arched windows as well as trusses over the ring 6 Design editThe Winter Garden Theatre s building was adapted from the rebuilt American Horse Exchange 6 13 In 1911 the Shubert family leased the building and architect William Albert Swasey redesigned the building as a theater 2 14 15 The Winter Garden was completely remodeled in 1922 by Herbert J Krapp 2 15 16 The theater is still operated by the Shubert Organization 17 Facade edit nbsp The Winter Garden Theatre s original facade as seen in 1913 As designed the main entrance was on Broadway and there were ten exits on Seventh Avenue 4 18 The Broadway facade was designed in a colonial style with plain gray stone 18 19 20 The original exterior used much of the existing facade of the Horse Exchange though a cupola was added in the modification as well as a heavy cornice 20 The facade had five Palladian style arches and columns 19 21 The columns rose two stories supporting a cornice and a pediment 21 Five mahogany doors led to the ticket lobby 18 The modern facade has large billboards which have historically been used to advertise the shows at the Winter Garden 22 The billboards date to at least the 1930s 6 The Seventh Avenue facade originally unornamented was decorated in the 1922 renovation because of the growing prominence of that avenue 23 Because of the number of exits to the surrounding streets Architecture and Building magazine wrote in 1911 that the theater is said to have more exits than any other auditorium of its size in the United States 24 A portion of the old American Horse Exchange facade was visible on Seventh Avenue until the late 1990s when it was refaced in brick 6 The theater s relatively small entrance on Broadway allowed the Shubert family to place storefronts along the rest of the Broadway frontage 20 The corner of Broadway and 50th Street was leased out as an eatery 25 26 It was originally designed as a restaurant space in the Flemish style 27 Over the years it became a nightclub known as Palais de Danse Montmartre and Singapore 20 26 Lobbies edit The ticket office is just inside the Broadway entrance 18 It leads to a rectangular inner lobby 20 by 50 feet 6 1 by 15 2 m 4 The inner lobby is a rectangular space with doors on the west and east walls 28 The walls contain panels with foliate decorations in the Adam style These are separated by Adam style pilasters topped by Corinthian style capitals The west doors lead to the ticket lobby and are made of bronze The east doors lead to the auditorium and are made of bronze with glass frames these doors are separated by pilasters that hold up an arched entablature The walls also have lighting sconces The lobby s ceiling contains Adam style bands that split the ceiling into Adam style quadrilateral panels 28 Adjoining the inner lobby was a smoking room 4 18 measuring 30 by 35 feet 9 1 by 10 7 m with an attached men s restroom 4 There was also a bar and a service room 18 Auditorium edit nbsp View from the stage toward the seating areas The auditorium has an orchestra level two levels of boxes above the orchestra one balcony and a stage behind the proscenium arch The auditorium s width is greater than its depth and the space is designed with plaster decorations in high relief 29 According to the Shubert Organization the auditorium has 1 600 seats 17 however Playbill gives a different figure of 1 493 seats 30 and The Broadway League cites 1 526 seats 31 There are 1 045 seats in the orchestra 486 on the balcony 36 in the boxes and 33 standing only spots 17 In its original configuration the Winter Garden had 1 200 seats at orchestra level and 400 at balcony level 4 32 In addition the original theater had 150 box seats 32 The original decorative elements were designed by John Wanamaker 33 The theater was initially designed with latticework rather than Adam style detailing since latticework was commonly used as a design motif in Broadway theaters of the 1910s 19 34 The theater s name as well as its original design was meant to evoke an English garden 20 35 Seating areas edit The orchestra floor is raked 36 The rear north end of the orchestra contains a shallow promenade which wraps around to the auditorium s sides Pilasters with Corinthian capitals divide the promenade s rear wall into sections and a cornice with dentils and modillions also runs along the wall above the pilasters The promenade is separated from the orchestra seating by a row of columns also topped by Corinthian capitals The orchestra promenade s coved ceiling is divided by Adam style bands with foliate decorations Each cove has circular decorative elements at their centers which contain coffers and swags 37 The promenade forms part of a grand promenade connecting Broadway and Seventh Avenue 23 A standing rail is placed behind the rearmost row of seats 38 The orchestra level previously had 12 boxes extending along the sides of the auditorium 23 39 The walls originally contained latticework behind which were lights 21 24 One architectural critic said that the rake of the orchestra makes for poor visibility from most locations due to its shallowness 36 The balcony level is also raked the front section contains several curves which resemble the curves of boxes 28 The rear of the balcony level contains a promenade which starts behind the center of the balcony and extends around to either side 37 This promenade was originally designed as a foyer measuring 30 by 40 feet 9 1 by 12 2 m which had balconies overlooking Broadway 4 Columns separate the promenade from the balcony seating areas The front railing of the balcony is decorated with molded bands swags and foliate ornament 37 There are lighting fixtures and other equipment in front of the railing The underside of the balcony has Adam style bands with foliate decorations as well as air conditioning vents 40 nbsp Box view On either side of the stage is an outwardly splayed wall section with boxes at the balcony level and directly above the balcony Both levels have three boxes on either side which are curved outward 28 The fronts of the boxes have similar molded bands swags and foliate ornament as the balcony s front In addition the centers of the boxes have rosettes and oval panels Pilasters with Adam style decoration running the full height of the auditorium flank the boxes wall sections Each of the boxes pilasters is topped by a Corinthian capital There are griffin motifs and cartouches above the higher level of boxes 37 The present boxes and pilasters date from the 1923 renovation 23 34 The original design had only one level of boxes which was at the balcony level 18 34 In the original design the entire balcony front was occupied by a row of 21 boxes and the wall sections on each side had two large party boxes 18 for a total of 25 boxes 4 Other design features edit The proscenium arch measures 24 feet 4 inches 7 42 m high and 44 feet 10 inches 13 67 m wide 17 It consists of a wide molded band with foliated swags rosettes and molded figures There are medallions within the spandrels at the corners of the arch 37 The present size and design of the proscenium arch dates to the 1922 renovation an inner arch and drapes were installed to artificially reduce the original arch s size 34 41 In the proscenium s original configuration it measured 30 feet 9 1 m high and about 50 feet 15 m wide 4 18 A sounding board curves onto the ceiling above the proscenium It contains a panel that shows dancing and music playing figures in a forest These figures are surrounded by an Adam style foliate band 38 The panel measures 30 by 40 feet 9 1 by 12 2 m 23 and is titled The Shepherd s Dream 23 41 The depth of the auditorium to the proscenium is 40 feet 0 inches 12 19 m while the depth to the front of the stage is 44 feet 2 inches 13 46 m 17 When the theater originally opened the stage had a semicircular apron with a 5 foot 1 5 m radius as well as a runway 23 42 a The runway added in 1912 was intended to bring the performers much closer to the audience 33 The apron and runway were removed in the 1922 renovation 23 42 and seats were added in their place 34 43 The dressing rooms were placed in a separate structure directly behind the stage separated from the auditorium by brick walls 24 There is an orchestra pit in front of and below the stage 37 The modern ceiling contains vaults placed between ribs that are designed in the Adam style The vaults themselves are divided into panels by Adam style moldings and bands The center of the ceiling contains a panel with a dome surrounded by latticework and foliate decoration At each of the dome s four corners there are medallions which depict mythical fauns playing lyres and pipes 38 In the theater s original design the ceiling trusses remained exposed a vestige of the old Horse Exchange 7 15 21 The ceiling was finished in wooden latticework and the ceiling was painted blue giving an impression of an open air venue 14 18 44 The original ceiling had poor acoustics 20 During the 1922 renovation Krapp had lowered the ceiling to below the trusses 15 34 41 History editTimes Square became the epicenter for large scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression 45 Manhattan s theater district had begun to shift from Union Square and Madison Square during the first decade of the 20th century 46 47 From 1901 to 1920 forty three theaters were built around Broadway in Midtown Manhattan 48 The Winter Garden Theatre was predated by an earlier theater of the same name which opened in 1850 and was further downtown at Broadway and Bond Street 26 49 The current Winter Garden was developed by the Shubert brothers of Syracuse New York who expanded downstate into New York City in the first decade of the 20th century 50 51 After the death of Sam S Shubert in 1905 his brothers Lee and Jacob J Shubert expanded their theatrical operations significantly 52 53 The brothers controlled a quarter of all plays and three quarters of theatrical ticket sales in the U S by 1925 50 54 Development and early years edit Conversion of Horse Exchange edit nbsp Winter Garden Theatre 1916 Both Sam and Lee Shubert had prevented Jacob from taking a full role in the operation of the Shubert syndicate and Lee had often sent Jacob to oversee productions outside New York City after Sam died 55 This prompted Jacob to develop his own theater he subsequently recalled that while walking up Broadway in early 1910 he looked at the Horse Exchange Though the exchange was far north of the established Broadway theater district at the time the raked balcony above the horse auction ring appealed to Jacob even after he learned that Vanderbilt was the landlord 56 With the horse transportation declining in favor of automobiles Vanderbilt leased the Horse Exchange site to the Shuberts in 1910 6 7 While Vanderbilt did not want to sell he was willing to lease the site for 40 years at an annual fee of 40 000 56 The plans for the Winter Garden itself dated to December 1909 when producer Lew Fields a close associate of Lee Shubert was planning a music hall style venue Despite Fields s greater expertise Jacob Shubert had a greater advantage because of large expenditures Fields became indebted to Lee and ultimately became an employee of the Shuberts 57 In May 1910 the Shubert brother filed plans for a theater called Lew Fields Winter Garden which would be built on the Horse Exchange site at a cost of 500 000 58 59 William Albert Swasey would be the architect while John McKeefrey would be the builder 18 The Winter Garden was originally intended to host operas ballets dances and other large performances similar to variety and music halls 60 61 During mid 1910 while Fields was on tour Jacob changed many of Fields s plans for the theater s physical specifications Jacob also sent harsh letters to Fields about the latter s overspending causing conflict between the two men 57 By the end of 1910 Fields had transferred his entire stake in the Winter Garden s operation to the Shubert brothers 57 62 A factor in Fields s withdrawal was Lee s lack of intervention in the dispute implicitly favoring his less experienced brother over his longtime partner 32 Although Lee controlled bookings and financing Jacob was in charge of the Winter Garden s operation 63 Jacob wanted the new theater to produce musical revues in effect competing with the Ziegfeld Follies operated by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr 32 63 The Winter Garden was to be the flagship venue for the Shuberts own productions 64 1910s and early 1920s edit The Winter Garden was supposed to open at the beginning of March 1911 but ticket sales did not even begin until March 6 due to difficulties in scheduling productions 65 It opened on March 20 1911 with the two part musical La Belle Paree 21 66 The show featured the Broadway premiere of actor and singer Al Jolson 67 The New York Times wrote that the Winter Garden was New York s latest plaything a very flashy toy full of life and go and color and with no end of jingle to it 21 32 68 Conversely when flops were staged at the Winter Garden critics said they could smell the horse stables 35 69 After La Belle Paree closed the show Revue of Revues featuring Gaby Deslys 70 71 72 opened in September 1911 and ran for two months 73 74 That November the revue Vera Violetta opened 75 76 with numerous performers including Jolson Deslys and Mae West 67 72 In its early years the Winter Garden hosted a successful series of concerts on Sunday nights which featured performers such as Jolson 35 Jacob Shubert soon realized that Jolson was a major factor in the Winter Garden s success 72 While on a trip to Europe Lee had met with German producer Max Reinhardt who had pioneered the idea of a runway extending from a stage into the audience Lee copied Reinhardt s idea adding a bridge above the orchestra seats 19 In early 1912 Jolson Deslys and Stella Mayhew starred in The Whirl of Society 77 78 79 the first show to use the Winter Garden s runway 79 Jolson performed near the audience on the runway as did 80 lightly clothed showgirls 80 81 leading the runway to be nicknamed the bridge of thighs 19 82 From Broadway to Paris premiered in November 1912 83 84 85 and Jolson Deslys and Fanny Brice appeared in The Honeymoon Express the next year 86 87 88 Jacob s son John Shubert subsequently recalled that after The Honeymoon Express Jolson returned to the Winter Garden once every 18 months on average Jolson s shows typically premiered early in the year then went on tour after a summer break 89 These shows included Dancing Around 1914 90 91 Robinson Crusoe Jr 1916 92 93 Sinbad 1918 87 89 94 and Monte Cristo Jr 1919 87 95 96 Though Jolson made the Winter Garden popular the Shuberts had to fill the theater when Jolson was on tour 63 Jacob Shubert who considered Florenz Ziegfeld as an adversary 97 rushed the production of his revue The Passing Show in mid 1912 after hearing that Ziegfeld was on vacation 86 The first edition of The Passing Show opened in July 1912 98 81 The series ran yearly through 1924 except for in 1920 when a specific edition for that year was not held 99 b The series featured performers including Willie and Eugene Howard Charlotte Greenwood Marilyn Miller Ed Wynn Frank Fay Fred and Adele Astaire Marie Dressler and Fred Allen 100 Jolson never appeared in any edition of The Passing Show 101 but the series nonetheless had notable acts such as Miller s dancing debut in 1914 63 102 In addition to Jolson s performances and The Passing Show the Winter Garden hosted other musicals and revues These included Cinderella on Broadway 96 103 and the Broadway Brevities in 1920 96 104 The Whirl of New York in 1921 96 105 and Make It Snappy in 1922 96 106 Renovation and intermittent theatrical use edit 1920s edit nbsp Greenwich Village Follies 1923 In November 1922 the Winter Garden was closed for a renovation 43 107 The work was intended to make the theater suitable more for revue than for extravaganza as The New York Times described it 43 The proscenium arch was reduced in size and the ceiling was lowered under plans by Herbert Krapp 23 34 108 One hundred seats were installed in the former runway 41 and 50 boxes were added 12 of them at orchestra level 23 39 Workers renovated the theater 24 hours a day working in three shifts of eight hours 23 108 The theater s decorative scheme was changed to gold and white 23 109 and mulberry colored damask panels were installed to give a perception of intimacy 41 109 Smoking which had been allowed in the theater s early years was banned after the 1922 renovation 23 The theater reopened on January 24 1923 with the revue The Dancing Girl 42 110 which was followed by that year s edition of The Passing Show 111 The end of that year saw the first edition of another revue at the Winter Garden the Greenwich Village Follies 112 113 The Greenwich Village Follies reappeared in 1924 114 and 1928 115 116 and the Winter Garden also hosted the Artists and Models revue in 1925 117 118 and 1927 119 120 In addition to these revues the musical Innocent Eyes was staged in 1924 111 121 followed by Big Boy in 1925 122 123 which was Al Jolson s last live appearance at the Winter Garden 112 124 Also presented at the Winter Garden were Gay Paree 1925 and 1926 125 The Great Temptations 1926 111 126 and The Circus Princess 1927 111 127 Warner Bros took over the Winter Garden Theatre in 1928 128 and used it as a cinema for the next five years 20 69 129 The first film shown was The Singing Fool featuring Al Jolson 130 which was screened in September 1928 131 132 1930s and 1940s edit nbsp View from the west overlooking the Winter Garden Theatre at bottom center Warner Bros ended its lease in 1933 133 134 After the cinema lease was terminated the first legitimate play to be presented was Hold Your Horses 135 136 which opened in September 1933 137 138 This was followed by the 1934 edition of the Ziegfeld Follies 139 140 141 to which the Shuberts had acquired the rights after Florenz Ziegfeld died 142 Another edition of the Follies was hosted in 1936 139 143 144 These two editions featured performers such as Passing Show stars Willie and Eugene Howard as well as Eve Arden Josephine Baker Fanny Brice Buddy Ebsen Bob Hope Gypsy Rose Lee The Nicholas Brothers Gertrude Niesen and Jane Pickens 139 Between these performances the Winter Garden staged Life Begins at 8 40 in 1934 139 145 146 as well as Earl Carroll s Sketch Book 136 147 and At Home Abroad in 1935 139 145 148 At the end of 1936 Vincente Minnelli staged The Show Is On a popular revue with Bert Lahr and Beatrice Lillie 139 143 149 This was followed the next year by Hooray for What an antiwar musical 139 150 The late 1930s ended with a relatively short run of You Never Know in 1938 151 152 153 It was succeeded the same year by a much longer run of Olsen and Johnson s revue Hellzapoppin which had transferred from the 46th Street Theatre and ran until 1941 139 154 That year the Shuberts staged Sons o Fun 139 155 another Olsen and Johnson hit which ran at the Winter Garden for over a year before transferring in 1943 156 157 The Winter Garden hosted the Ziegfeld Follies once again in 1943 with Milton Berle Jack Cole Ilona Massey and Arthur Treacher 158 159 This edition of the Follies ran longer than any previous edition 160 This was followed in 1944 by Cole Porter s Mexican Hayride 161 162 and Olsen and Johnson s Laffing Room Only 161 163 After the operetta Marinka played in 1945 164 165 the Winter Garden again became a cinema for three years 20 166 United Artists started negotiating for the rights to use the Winter Garden for motion pictures in August 1945 167 but there were disputes over sound equipment 168 An agreement was reached later that month with United Artists taking over that October 169 170 By the end of 1947 United Artists struggled to find films to screen and it was paying 7 500 a week in rent 171 As the Girls Go which opened in November 1948 172 173 was the first production to be staged after the Winter Garden again became a legitimate theater 166 The production by Michael Todd charged a top admission price of 7 20 which at the time was a record 174 Dedicated theatrical use edit 1950s to 1970s edit Michael Todd staged Michael Todd s Peep Show a burlesque in 1950 175 176 This was followed by the satire Top Banana in 1951 with Phil Silvers 177 178 the musical Wonderful Town in 1953 with Rosalind Russell 177 179 and a revival of Peter Pan in 1954 180 The 16th century classic Tamburlaine The Great was staged at the Winter Garden in 1956 181 182 The Old Vic a theater company from London arrived the same year presenting several Shakespeare plays 183 184 c The last Ziegfeld Follies at the Winter Garden was staged in 1957 featuring Beatrice Lillie and Billy De Wolfe 189 190 but it was not as successful as previous versions closing after 123 performances 191 192 Later that year the Winter Garden premiered the musical West Side Story featuring Carol Lawrence 189 193 with music by Leonard Bernstein and Stephen Sondheim the latter of whom was making his Broadway debut as a lyricist 194 The Winter Garden s last productions of the 1950s were Juno and Saratoga in 1959 195 West Side Story returned to the Winter Garden briefly in 1960 196 having transferred the previous year 193 This was followed later that year by The Unsinkable Molly Brown with Tammy Grimes 189 197 which ran 732 performances 195 198 Eddie Fisher had a month long engagement Eddie Fisher at the Winter Garden during late 1962 199 200 For much of the rest of the decade the Winter Garden presented two hits 189 Funny Girl with Barbra Streisand opened in 1964 189 201 and ran for two years before transferring 202 It was followed by Mame with Angela Lansbury and Bea Arthur which opened in 1966 189 203 and ran for three years 204 nbsp Lobby interior The first hit of the 1970s was Stephen Sondheim and James Goldman s musical Follies 205 which opened in 1971 206 207 This was followed the next year by a revival of Much Ado About Nothing 208 209 produced by the New York Shakespeare Festival and featuring Sam Waterston and Kathleen Widdoes 210 In addition Neil Diamond performed a series of solo concerts in October 1972 211 212 and Liza Minnelli performed in a concert run in January 1974 213 214 A revival of the Sondheim musical Gypsy featuring Lansbury was staged later in 1974 215 216 and the Winter Garden hosted the 29th Tony Awards the following year 217 218 Yet another Sondheim musical Pacific Overtures was staged at the Winter Garden in 1976 215 219 It was followed the same year by a series of concerts by Natalie Cole 220 221 as well as a 167 performance run of Fiddler on the Roof 222 223 The musical Beatlemania opened in 1977 and ran for two years 215 224 despite initial expectations of bad reviews 225 1980s and 1990s edit In the late 1970s and early 1980s the Winter Garden was used mostly for several minor shows and live appearances 22 This included Zoot Suit in early 1979 226 227 followed in June by Bruce Forsyth concerts 228 229 and in August by Gilda Radner s Live From New York appearances 226 230 231 Next to be staged in 1980 was Twyla Tharp s dance series 232 233 The musical 42nd Street premiered later in 1980 215 234 though the opening of the musical coincided with the death of its director Gower Champion 235 236 This was followed by Camelot in 1981 237 238 and a revival of Othello in 1982 237 239 During the 1980s the Shuberts renovated the Winter Garden as part of a restoration program for their Broadway theaters 240 Andrew Lloyd Webber s musical Cats had been booked for the Winter Garden in April 1982 with a premiere scheduled for that October 241 In mid 1982 the Shuberts closed the Winter Garden Theatre for a major renovation of both the exterior and the interior 22 The auditorium was gutted to accommodate the show s junkyard setting 22 242 under the supervision of designer John Napier 243 244 In addition the interior was painted black 245 as was the billboard outside 246 Cats opened on October 7 1982 247 248 and quickly became successful winning multiple Tony Awards 242 244 249 Cats became the longest running Broadway show in history in June 1997 when it hit 6 138 performances 250 Ultimately Cats ran 7 485 performances spanning nearly eighteen years 249 251 The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC had started considering protecting the Winter Garden as an official city landmark in 1982 252 with discussions continuing over the next several years 253 Though both the exterior and interior were considered 254 the LPC designated only the interior as a landmark in January 1988 1 This was part of the LPC s wide ranging effort to grant landmark status to Broadway theaters which had commenced in 1987 254 The New York City Board of Estimate ratified the designations in March 1988 255 The Shuberts the Nederlanders and Jujamcyn collectively sued the LPC in June 1988 to overturn the landmark designations of 22 theaters including the Winter Garden on the merit that the designations severely limited the extent to which the theaters could be modified 256 The lawsuit was escalated to the New York Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of the United States but these designations were ultimately upheld in 1992 257 2000s to present edit nbsp Seen while Mamma Mia was in production In 2000 the Shubert Organization and General Motors GM began discussions over a possible sponsorship in which the Winter Garden could be rebranded for Cadillac a division of GM 258 259 Early the same year theatrical media announced that Cats would close that June having played to more than 10 million guests and grossing over 380 million 242 244 Cats closed on September 10 2000 260 261 and objects from the production were auctioned at the Winter Garden 251 Afterward architect Francesca Russo restored the theater to its 1920s appearance 262 263 The 10 million project entailed restoring many of the architectural features that had been heavily modified for Cats as well as restoring the lobby lounges seats and ticket areas Historical design features such as light fixtures and plasterwork were restored or replaced 263 The stage which had been disassembled for the run of Cats also had to be reconstructed 242 Mamma Mia was booked for the Winter Garden shortly after Cats closed 264 with a premiere in October 2001 265 266 Following the Shuberts discussions with GM the theater was renamed the Cadillac Winter Garden Theatre in May 2002 267 268 As part of a settlement with the United States Department of Justice in 2003 the Shuberts agreed to improve disabled access at their 16 landmarked Broadway theaters including the Winter Garden 269 270 At the beginning of 2007 GM s sponsorship ended and the venue returned to its original name 271 Mamma Mia was similarly long running transferring to the Broadhurst in 2013 to make way for Rocky the Musical 272 273 Rocky opened in 2014 and ran for 188 performances 274 275 This was followed in 2015 by a short run of Wolf Hall Parts One amp Two 276 277 as well as a much longer run of School of Rock which closed in early 2019 after over 1 300 performances 278 279 nbsp The 2022 Broadway revival of The Music Man playing at the theatre Beetlejuice opened in April 2019 280 281 but the Shuberts announced the same December that Beetlejuice would be relocated to make way for a revival of Meredith Willson s The Music Man 282 In March 2020 the theater closed due to the COVID 19 pandemic 283 Beetlejuice s run which had been scheduled to end that June ended prematurely due to an extension of the COVID 19 closure 284 285 The musical eventually relocated to the Marquis Theatre in 2022 286 During its closure a stagehand at the Winter Garden died after falling while taking down props for Beetlejuice in November 2020 287 288 the Occupational Safety and Health Administration fined the Shuberts as a result 289 290 The theater also served as the venue for the 74th Tony Awards in September 2021 291 292 The Winter Garden reopened on December 20 2021 with previews of The Music Man 293 294 which officially opened in February 2022 295 The production ran for 374 performances through January 2023 296 297 Back to the Future The Musical opened at the theater in August 2023 298 299 Notable productions editProductions are listed by the year of their first performance Shows that have had multiple editions are listed by the year of the first performance of each edition This list only includes Broadway shows it does not include films 31 30 1911 La Belle Paree 300 73 1911 Vera Violetta 76 73 1912 1924 The Passing Show 301 d 1916 Robinson Crusoe Jr 92 93 1918 Sinbad 94 304 1919 Monte Cristo Jr 95 304 1920 Broadway Brevities of 1920 104 304 1921 The Whirl of New York 105 304 1922 Make It Snappy 106 304 1923 113 1924 114 1928 116 Greenwich Village Follies 305 1924 Bombo 306 1924 Innocent Eyes 121 307 1925 Big Boy 122 123 1925 Sky High 308 1925 Artists and Models of 1925 117 123 1927 The Circus Princess 127 111 1927 A Night in Spain 309 1927 Artists and Models of 1927 119 123 1934 Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 141 310 1934 Life Begins at 8 40 146 310 1935 At Home Abroad 148 310 1936 Ziegfeld Follies of 1936 144 310 1937 Hooray for What 150 310 1938 You Never Know 153 311 1938 Hellzapoppin 154 311 1941 Sons o Fun 156 311 1943 Ziegfeld Follies of 1943 158 159 1944 Mexican Hayride 161 162 1944 Laffing Room Only 161 163 1945 Marinka 164 311 1948 As the Girls Go 172 173 1950 Alive and Kicking 312 313 1950 Michael Todd s Peep Show 175 176 1951 Make a Wish 314 313 1951 Top Banana 178 313 1952 My Darlin Aida 315 313 1953 Wonderful Town 179 313 1954 Peter Pan 316 313 1955 Plain and Fancy 317 313 1955 The Vamp 318 313 1956 Tamburlaine The Great 181 182 1956 Bus Stop 319 1956 Shangri La 320 195 1957 Ziegfeld Follies of 1957 191 192 1957 West Side Story 321 193 322 e 1959 Juno 323 195 1959 Saratoga 324 195 1960 Once Upon a Mattress 325 195 1960 The Unsinkable Molly Brown 198 195 1962 All American 326 195 1962 Carnival 327 1963 The Lady of the Camellias 328 329 1963 Tovarich 330 1964 Funny Girl 202 329 1966 Mame 204 329 1969 Jimmy 331 329 1970 Georgy 332 329 1970 Purlie 333 1971 Follies 205 206 1972 Much Ado About Nothing 208 209 1974 Ulysses in Nighttown 334 335 1974 Gypsy 216 335 1975 Doctor Jazz 336 335 1976 Pacific Overtures 219 335 1976 Fiddler on the Roof 222 223 1977 Beatlemania 224 335 1979 Zoot Suit 226 227 1979 Gilda Radner Live From New York 226 230 1980 42nd Street 234 337 1981 The Catherine Wheel 338 1981 Camelot 238 337 1982 Othello 239 337 1982 Cats 339 337 2001 Mamma Mia 340 2014 Rocky the Musical 275 2015 Wolf Hall Parts One amp Two 276 2015 School of Rock 278 2019 Beetlejuice 281 2022 The Music Man 341 2023 Back to the Future The Musical 342 See also editList of Broadway theaters List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets Portals nbsp Architecture nbsp New York City nbsp TheatreReferences editNotes edit According to Architecture and Building the stage originally measured 45 feet 14 m deep and 108 feet 33 m deep 4 According to The New York Times the stage measured 55 feet 17 m deep and 116 feet 35 m wide 18 The Passing Show of 1921 technically opened at the end of 1920 99 These include King Richard II 185 Romeo and Juliet 186 Macbeth 187 and Troilus and Cressida 188 Including The Passing Show of 1916 302 and The Passing Show of 1918 303 West Side Story premiered in 1957 and was revived in 1960 193 195 Citations edit a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 1 a b c White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press p 303 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 a b c 1634 Broadway 10019 New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 17 2021 a b c d e f g h i j Architecture and Building 1911 p 330 MTA Neighborhood Maps 50 St 1 mta info Metropolitan Transportation Authority 2015 Archived from the original on December 12 2021 Retrieved December 11 2015 a b c d e f g h i j Gray Christopher September 13 1998 Streetscapes 50th Street from Broadway to Seventh Avenue Once the Home of Horses Now the Home of Cats The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 17 a b c Stern Robert A M Mellins Thomas Fishman David 1999 New York 1880 Architecture and Urbanism in the Gilded Age Monacelli Press p 42 ISBN 978 1 58093 027 7 OCLC 40698653 Sale of Valuable Horses English Stock Disposed of at the New American Horse Exchange The New York Times November 25 1880 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Inaugural Sale at the American Horse Exchange Turf Field and Farm Vol 31 no 22 November 26 1880 p 343 ProQuest 88661737 a b Horses Prey to Flames Nearly One Hundred Perish in a Broadway Fire Property of American Horse Exchange Destroyed with a Loss of 225 000 Great Crowds Make a Scene of Disorder Piteous Plight of the Animals Which Were in the Burning Building Those in the Street Add Much to the Confusion The New York Times June 12 1896 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Scores of Horses Perish More Than a Hundred Lost by the Burning of the American Horse Exchange One Man Reported to Have Been Killed Several Persons Injured The Total Loss Estimated at 300 000 New York Tribune June 12 1896 p 1 ProQuest 574192624 Mordden Ethan 2008 Ziegfeld The Man Who Invented Show Business New York St Martin s Press pp 154 5 ISBN 978 0 312 37543 0 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 pp 17 18 a b c d Stern Gilmartin amp Mellins 1987 p 230 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 pp 18 19 a b c d e Winter Garden Theatre Shubert Organization September 9 2020 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l New Theatre Open in Times Square Guests Have First View of the Handsomely Equipped George M Cohan Playhouse The New York Times February 13 1911 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b c d e Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 43 a b c d e f g h Morrison 1999 p 69 a b c d e f Winter Garden Open With Dazzling Show New York s Latest Plaything a Flashy Toy in Brightest Colors with Lots of Jingle to It The New York Times March 21 1911 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b c d Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 49 a b c d e f g h i j k l m The Winter Garden New York Architecture and Building Vol 55 W T Comstock Company 1923 pp 39 40 Archived from the original on April 21 2024 Retrieved March 20 2023 a b c Architecture and Building 1911 p 331 Architecture and Building 1911 pp 331 332 a b c Bloom 2007 p 270 Architecture and Building 1911 p 332 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 24 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 pp 24 25 a b Winter Garden Theatre Playbill March 28 2019 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b The Broadway League Winter Garden Theatre New York NY IBDB Archived from the original on May 1 2020 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b c d e Hirsch 2000 p 83 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 18 a b c d e f g Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 19 a b c Bloom 2007 p 270 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 43 a b Bloom Martin June 1976 Toward an Architecture of The Theater as a Human Art PDF Journal of the American Institute of Architects p 51 Archived PDF from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 a b c d e f Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 25 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 26 a b Stern Gilmartin amp Mellins 1987 pp 230 231 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 pp 25 26 a b c d e Morrison 1999 p 70 a b c The Dancing Girl Exuberantly Opens The Winter Garden Stars of Varied Fields of Theatric Art Assembled for Pretentious Premiere of Theater Newly Rebuilt New York Tribune January 25 1923 p 8 ProQuest 1237238928 a b c Winter Garden to Be Rebuilt Changes in Interior Are Designed to Make Theatre More For Revue Than Extravaganza The New York Times November 29 1922 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 Architecture and Building 1911 pp 330 331 Swift Christopher 2018 The City Performs An Architectural History of NYC Theater New York City College of Technology City University of New York Archived from the original on March 25 2020 Retrieved March 25 2020 Theater District New York Preservation Archive Project Archived from the original on October 19 2021 Retrieved October 12 2021 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 2 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 4 Henderson 1973 p 108 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 8 Stagg 1968 p 208 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 9 Stagg 1968 p 75 Stagg 1968 p 217 Hirsch 2000 p 80 a b Hirsch 2000 p 81 a b c Hirsch 2000 p 82 Shuberts to Erect Another New York Theatre The Billboard Vol 22 no 22 May 28 1910 p 17 ProQuest 1031404313 New Winter Garden Near Times Square Lew Fields s Theatre to be Erected on Site of the American Horse Exchange The New York Times May 20 1910 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 To Open Next Thursday Night New Winter Garden Will Be a Novel Place of Amusement New York Tribune March 12 1911 p C7 ProQuest 574725315 The Amusement Week in New York Winter Garden Opens Soon The Billboard Vol 23 no 8 February 25 1911 pp 10 51 ProQuest 1031435872 Winter Garden Goes to Shuberts Variety Vol 21 no 4 December 31 1910 p 5 ProQuest 1529195817 a b c d Bloom 2007 p 271 Hirsch 2000 p 84 Theatrical Notes New York Tribune March 6 1911 p 7 ProQuest 574742389 Bloom 2007 p 270 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 43 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 a b Bloom 2007 p 270 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 43 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 a b Henderson 1973 p 282 Bloom 2007 p 270 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 45 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 Gaby Deslys Seen at Winter Garden A Beauty Undoubtedly and a Woman of Average Music Hall Talent The New York Times September 28 1911 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b c Hirsch 2000 p 89 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 33 The Broadway League September 27 1911 The Revue of Revues Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 The Revue of Revues Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 Lively Operetta at Winter Garden Vera Violetta with Scenes in Paris Skating Rink Introduces Gaby Deslys in English The New York Times November 21 1911 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b The Broadway League November 20 1911 Vera Violetta Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Vera Violetta Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Hirsch 2000 pp 89 90 Night With Pierrots a Stunning Novelty It Is the Best Feature of the Elaborate New Show at the Winter Garden The New York Times March 6 1912 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b Bloom 2007 pp 270 271 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 43 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 18 a b Hirsch 2000 p 92 Schumach Murray March 31 1946 Winter Garden Cycle From extravaganzas to the talkies a playhouse that has made history The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Bloom 2007 p 271 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 33 Lots of Glitter Girls and Whirls With Gertrude Hoffmann of the Aubrey Beardsley Poses in New Show at the Winter Garden The New York Times November 21 1912 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 The Broadway League November 20 1912 From Broadway to Paris Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 From Broadway to Paris Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b Hirsch 2000 p 90 a b c Bloom 2007 p 271 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 45 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 Lightning Speed to Honeymoon Express And Sophisticated Winter Garden Audience Goes Wild Over Splendid Electrical Effect The New York Times February 7 1913 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b Hirsch 2000 p 103 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 34 Dancing Around Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b The Broadway League February 17 1916 Robinson Crusoe Jr Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 Robinson Crusoe Jr Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b Hirsch 2000 p 103 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 34 a b The Broadway League February 14 1918 Sinbad Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Sinbad Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League February 12 1919 Monte Cristo Jr Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Monte Cristo Jr Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b c d e Bloom 2007 p 272 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 35 Bloom 2007 p 271 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 44 Lots of Agility in Winter Garden Skit Helter skelter Order of Fooling in the Satirical Review Passing Show of 1912 The New York Times July 23 1912 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 272 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 44 Bloom 2007 p 271 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 44 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 45 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 Marilynn Miller Reaches New York via London This Girl From Dayton Ohio Had to Dance Abroad Before She Could Get Recognition in New York The New York Times June 21 1914 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 The Broadway League June 24 1920 Cinderella on Broadway Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 Cinderella on Broadway Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b The Broadway League September 29 1920 Broadway Brevities of 1920 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Broadway Brevities of 1920 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League June 13 1921 The Whirl of New York Broadway Musical 1921 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Whirl of New York Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League April 13 1922 Make It Snappy Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Make It Snappy Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Musical Comedy to Alter Winter Garden The Billboard Vol 34 no 46 November 18 1922 p 32 ProQuest 1031690560 a b Musical Comedy Winter Garden to Reopen January 24 The Billboard Vol 35 no 3 January 20 1923 p 32 ProQuest 1031698198 a b Stern Gilmartin amp Mellins 1987 p 231 The Dancing Girl a Tasteful Revue New Winter Garden Play Marked by Simplicity of Design Trini From Spain Wins Favor The New York Times January 25 1923 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b c d e Bloom 2007 p 272 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 36 a b Bloom 2007 p 272 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 45 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 a b The Broadway League September 20 1923 The Greenwich Village Follies 1923 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Greenwich Village Follies 1923 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League September 16 1924 The Greenwich Village Follies 1924 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Greenwich Village Follies 1924 Broadway Sam S Shubert Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 New Winter Garden Show Greenwich Village Follies to Open at Beginning of April The New York Times March 13 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League April 9 1928 The Greenwich Village Follies 1928 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Greenwich Village Follies 1928 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League June 24 1925 Artists and Models 1925 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Artists and Models 1925 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Winter Garden Has Excellent Revue Artists and Models Paris Edition Displays the True Folies Bergere Touch The New York Times June 25 1925 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League November 15 1927 Artists and Models 1927 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Artists and Models 1927 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Atkinson J Brooks November 16 1927 The Play Winter Garden Carnival The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League May 20 1924 Innocent Eyes Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Innocent Eyes Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League January 7 1925 Big Boy Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Big Boy Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 36 Hirsch 2000 p 151 Bloom 2007 p 272 The Broadway League May 18 1926 The Great Temptations Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 The Great Temptations Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 20 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League April 25 1927 The Circus Princess Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Circus Princess Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Talking Pictures for Winter Garden Warner Brothers Booking Starts Next Month Jolson in Singing Fool First Attraction The New York Times August 16 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Bloom 2007 p 273 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 45 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 Bloom 2007 p 273 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 45 Watts Richard Jr September 20 1928 On the Screen The Singing Fool Winter Garden New York Herald Tribune p 22 ProQuest 1113494638 Hall Mordaunt September 17 1928 The Screen Mystery Ships A Sympathetic Robber Keaton and Our Gang Other Photoplays The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 To Quit Winter Garden Warners to Drop Theatre Thursday With End of Lease The New York Times February 13 1933 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 News of the Theaters Carroll Revue 2 Plays Open Here Next Week hold Your Horses Sept 12 Donald Brian New York Herald Tribune September 2 1933 p 6 ProQuest 1222156215 a b Bloom 2007 p 273 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 37 News of the Theaters Hold Your Horses Opens Tonightat Winter Garden Miss Shields to Join Films Barbara Shields New York Herald Tribune September 25 1933 p 12 ProQuest 1222170392 The Broadway League September 25 1933 Hold Your Horses Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Hold Your Horses Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b c d e f g h i Bloom 2007 p 273 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 Hirsch 2000 p 173 a b The Broadway League January 4 1934 Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Bloom 2007 p 273 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 a b Hirsch 2000 p 178 a b The Broadway League January 30 1936 Ziegfeld Follies of 1936 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Ziegfeld Follies of 1936 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b Hirsch 2000 p 177 a b The Broadway League August 27 1934 Life Begins at 8 40 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Life Begins at 8 40 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League June 4 1935 Earl Carroll s Sketch Book 1935 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Earl Carroll s Sketch Book 1935 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League September 19 1935 At Home Abroad Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 At Home Abroad Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League December 25 1936 The Show is On Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 The Show Is On Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League November 1 1937 Hooray For What Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Hooray for What Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Bloom 2007 p 273 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 38 Hirsch 2000 p 184 a b The Broadway League September 21 1938 You Never Know Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 You Never Know Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League September 22 1938 Hellzapoppin Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Hellzapoppin Broadway 46th Street Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Sons O Fun Based on Hellzapoppin Formula Opens Tonight Sunny River Off to Thursday The New York Times December 1 1941 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League November 1 1941 Sons o Fun Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Sons O Fun Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Sons O Fun Is Set to Move March 29 Musical to Be Transferred to the 46th Street The New York Times March 11 1943 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b Bloom 2007 pp 273 274 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 38 a b The Broadway League March 1 1943 Ziegfeld Follies of 1943 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Ziegfeld Follies of 1943 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Bloom 2007 pp 272 273 a b c d Bloom 2007 p 274 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 38 a b The Broadway League January 28 1944 Mexican Hayride Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Mexican Hayride Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 17 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League December 23 1944 Laffing Room Only Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Laffing Room Only Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League July 18 1945 Marinka Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Marinka Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Zolotow Sam July 18 1945 Marinka in Debut at Winter Garden Musical Based on Mayerling Tragedy Opens Tonight Joan Roberts a Principal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 274 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 Winter Garden Sought for Films United Artists Reported to Be Negotiating for Use of Shubert House The New York Times August 9 1945 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Legitimate Sound Installation a Winter Garden Snag Variety Vol 159 no 11 August 22 1945 p 53 ProQuest 1285854355 Movies Returning to Winter Garden United Artists J Arthur Rank Take Over on Oct 1 Will Open With Blithe Spirit The New York Times August 23 1945 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Allen Kelcey August 24 1945 Theatres Amusement Notes Winter Garden to Offer Films Women s Wear Daily Vol 71 no 39 p 22 ProQuest 1627564511 Pictures UA and U Would Unload Their 2 B way Showcases Variety Vol 169 no 2 December 17 1947 pp 5 22 ProQuest 1285945010 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 38 a b The Broadway League November 13 1948 As the Girls Go Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 As the Girls Go Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 46 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 a b Bloom 2007 p 274 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 pp 46 47 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 a b The Broadway League June 28 1950 Michael Todd s Peep Show Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Michael Todd s Peep Show Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 274 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 47 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 22 a b The Broadway League October 1 1951 Top Banana Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Top Banana Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League February 25 1953 Wonderful Town Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Wonderful Town Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on December 6 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Zolotow Sam August 25 1954 Peter Pan Opens Local Run Oct 20 Coast Musical Starring Mary Martin Will Play at Winter Garden for 16 Weeks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 47 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 39 a b The Broadway League January 19 1956 Tamburlaine the Great Broadway Play Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 24 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Tamburlaine the Great Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 47 Atkinson Brooks October 25 1956 Theatre Old Vic s Romeo and Juliet Stirring Drama Staged at Winter Garden The Cast The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 The Broadway League October 23 1956 King Richard II Broadway Play 1956 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 King Richard II Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League October 24 1956 Romeo and Juliet Broadway Play 1956 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Romeo and Juliet Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League October 29 1956 Macbeth Broadway Play 1956 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Macbeth Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League December 26 1956 Troilus and Cressida Broadway Play 1956 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Troilus and Cressida Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b c d e f Bloom 2007 p 274 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 48 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 23 Zolotow Sam March 1 1957 Ziegfeld Revue Opening Tonight 26th Edition of Follies With Beatrice Willie as Star to Bow at Winter Garden The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 47 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 40 a b The Broadway League February 1 1957 Ziegfeld Follies of 1957 Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Ziegfeld Follies of 1957 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 a b c d The Broadway League April 27 1960 West Side Story Broadway Musical 1960 Revival IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 West Side Story Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 Bloom 2007 p 274 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 47 a b c d e f g h i Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 40 Atkinson Brooks April 28 1960 Theatre Musical Is Back The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Taubman Howard November 4 1960 Theatre The Unsinkable Molly Brown Arrives Tammy Grimes Stars at Winter Garden Meredith Willson Does Music and Lyrics The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League November 3 1960 The Unsinkable Molly Brown Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 The Unsinkable Molly Brown Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League October 2 1962 Eddie Fisher at the Winter Garden Broadway Special Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Eddie Fisher at the Winter Garden Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Taubman Howard October 3 1962 Theater Fisher amp Co Singer Opens Show at the Winter Garden The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Theater Funny Girl Musical Based on Life of Fanny Brice The New York Times March 27 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League March 26 1964 Funny Girl Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Funny Girl Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 Kauffmann Stanley May 25 1966 Theater Mame Is Back With a Splash as Musical Angela Lansbury Stars as the Zesty Aunt Frankie Michaels and Beatrice Arthur Excel The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League May 24 1966 Mame Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Mame Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 a b Bloom 2007 pp 274 275 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 21 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 48 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 23 a b The Broadway League April 4 1971 Follies Broadway Musical Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Follies Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Gussow Mel April 9 1971 Prince Recalls the Evolution of Follies The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 275 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 pp 48 49 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 41 a b The Broadway League November 11 1972 Much Ado About Nothing Broadway Play 1972 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Much Ado About Nothing Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Gussow Mel December 4 1972 Making of Much Ado A March In Ragtime to Broadway and TV The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 The Broadway League October 5 1972 Neil Diamond One Man Show Broadway Special Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Neil Diamond One Man Show Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Heckman Don October 6 1972 Neil Diamond s Show Lends Glitter to Broadway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Barnes Clive January 7 1974 Stage A Gifted and Exciting Liza The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League January 6 1974 Liza Broadway Special Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Liza Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b c d Bloom 2007 p 275 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 49 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 23 a b The Broadway League September 23 1974 Gypsy Broadway Musical 1974 Revival IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Gypsy Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 O Connor John J April 22 1975 TV Weighin Bail on Scales of Justice The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 The 29th Annual Tony Awards 1975 Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League January 11 1976 Pacific Overtures Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Pacific Overtures Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 The Broadway League November 23 1976 Natalie Cole Broadway Special Original IBDB Archived from the original on April 21 2024 Retrieved November 25 2021 Natalie Cole Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Likable Show By Natalie Cole On Broadway The New York Times November 25 1976 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 275 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 49 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 42 a b The Broadway League December 28 1976 Fiddler on the Roof Broadway Musical 1976 Revival IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Fiddler on the Roof Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League May 31 1977 Beatlemania Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Beatlemania Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 Bloom 2007 p 275 a b c d Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 49 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 42 a b The Broadway League March 25 1979 Zoot Suit Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Zoot Suit Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 Gussow Mel June 13 1979 Stage British Vaudeville Of Bruce Forsyth The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 The Broadway League June 12 1979 Bruce Forsyth on Broadway Broadway Special Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Bruce Forsyth on Broadway Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League August 2 1979 Gilda Radner Live From New York Broadway Special Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Gilda Radner Live from New York Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 Gussow Mel August 3 1979 Stage Gilda Radner Live Is Presented The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 Kisselgoff Anna March 25 1980 Dance Twyla Tharp Presents Two Premieres The Program The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 The Broadway League March 24 1980 Twyla Tharp and Dancers Broadway Special Original IBDB Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 a b The Broadway League August 25 1980 42nd Street Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 42nd Street Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 Corry John August 26 1980 Gower Champion Dies Hours Before Show Opens A Rare Blood Disease Champion Dies Hours Before Opening The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 Bloom 2007 p 274 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 49 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 49 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1988 p 43 a b The Broadway League November 15 1981 Camelot Broadway Musical 1981 Revival IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Camelot Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 a b The Broadway League February 3 1982 Othello Broadway Play 1982 Revival IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Othello Broadway Winter Garden Theatre Playbill Retrieved November 25 2021 Bennetts Leslie April 22 1986 Theater Gets Raves for Decor The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 2 2022 Retrieved January 2 2022 Cats a Hit in London Sets Broadway Dates The New York Times April 21 1982 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 a b c d McKinley Jesse February 20 2000 Cats Broadway s Longevity Champ to Close The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 Harmetz Aljean July 24 1985 Disney Gets Top Names for 3 D Film The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 a b c Windeler Robert March 2 2000 In Focus Cats to Close in June Back Stage Vol 41 no 8 pp 2 57 ProQuest 1608648 Smith Liz July 4 1982 B way gets ready for the Cats meow New York Daily News p 12 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 2303952387 Bennetts Leslie October 13 1982 How Tickets to Cats Became a must The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 28 2021 Retrieved November 28 2021 Rich Frank October 8 1982 Theater Lloyd Webber s Cats The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 27 2019 Retrieved November 28 2021 Wilson Edwin October 8 1982 Tim Webber Brings His Curious cats to Broadway Wall Street Journal p 33 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 134729814 a b Bloom 2007 p 275 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 pp 49 50 Grimes William June 19 1997 With 6 138 Lives Cats Sets Broadway Mark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 19 2019 Retrieved November 26 2021 a b Kelley Tina September 17 2000 Fur Flies off the Rack at Cats Sale The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Dunlap David W October 20 1982 Landmark Status Sought for Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 29 2021 Retrieved October 29 2021 Shepard Joan August 28 1985 Is the final curtain near New York Daily News pp 462 464 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on September 21 2021 Retrieved September 16 2021 via newspapers com a b Dunlap David W November 22 1987 The Region The City Casts Its Theaters In Stone The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 Purdum Todd S March 12 1988 28 Theaters Are Approved as Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 30 2021 Retrieved November 20 2021 Dunlap David W June 21 1988 Owners File Suit to Revoke Theaters Landmark Status The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 29 2021 Retrieved October 29 2021 Dunlap David W May 27 1992 High Court Upholds Naming Of 22 Theaters as Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 30 2021 Retrieved October 29 2021 Pogrebin Robin March 1 2000 A Theater Goes the Way of Arenas With an Airline Name The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Feiden Douglas March 2 2000 B way Drama Theater Sells Its Name to Airline New York Daily News p 46 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 313740076 Dewan Shaila K Robin Bumiller Elisabeth September 12 2000 Public Lives The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 O Haire Patricia Macmillan Alissa George Tara September 11 2000 B way s Cats Now a Memory New York Daily News p 3 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 305621170 O Haire Patricia October 10 2001 Winter Garden s Now Abba solutely Fabulous New York Daily News p 48 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 305661060 a b Collins Glenn August 9 2001 Public Lives Giving Broadway a Makeover Ladies Rooms First The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Isherwood Charles September 17 2000 Legit Abba Tuner Set for B way Variety Vol 4 no 38 p 380 ProQuest 1875347 Maslin Janet October 14 2001 Trying To Make Abba s Oldies Young Again The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 O Haire Patricia October 17 2001 Broadway Mamma Is Her Baby New York Daily News p 44 ISSN 2692 1251 ProQuest 305646007 McKinley Jesse May 7 2002 Cadillac On Marquee At Winter Garden The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 25 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Jacobs Leonard May 23 2002 In Focus Their Heart Belongs to Caddy Back Stage Vol 43 no 20 pp 2 48 ProQuest 1603285 Tavernise Sabrina September 26 2003 Shuberts Revamp 16 Theaters Improving Access for Disabled The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 9 2022 Retrieved January 9 2022 Broadway theaters accessible to disabled Press and Sun Bulletin September 28 2003 p 68 Archived from the original on January 9 2022 Retrieved January 9 2022 Robertson Campbell January 3 2007 Winter Garden s Drive Time Ends The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 26 2021 Retrieved November 25 2021 Cox Gordon April 19 2013 Broadway s Mamma Mia to Move to Broadhurst Theater Variety Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Mamma Mia Closing On Broadway In September After 14 Years Deadline Deadline April 9 2015 Archived from the original on December 6 2021 Retrieved December 6 2021 Gardner Elysa July 15 2014 Rocky to close on Broadway USAToday Archived from the original on November 27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 a b The Broadway League March 13 2014 Rocky Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved November 25 2021 Rocky 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27 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Tony Awards 2021 Red carpet arrivals New York Daily News September 26 2021 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on October 18 2021 Retrieved November 27 2021 Meyer Dan December 20 2021 Broadway Revival of The Music Man Starring Hugh Jackman and Sutton Foster Begins Previews December 20 Playbill Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Retrieved December 22 2021 Moynihan Caitlin December 20 2021 The Music Man Starring Hugh Jackman amp Sutton Foster Begins Broadway Run Broadway com Archived from the original on December 21 2021 Retrieved December 22 2021 Green Jesse February 11 2022 Review Even With Hugh Jackman The Music Man Goes Flat The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 13 2022 Retrieved February 13 2022 Santos Gracelyn September 29 2022 Broadway s The Music Man is closing Experience Hugh Jackman and Sutton Foster before it s gone silive Archived from the original on October 22 2022 Retrieved October 22 2022 Evans Greg November 7 2022 The Music Man Extends Broadway Run By Two Weeks Deadline Hollywood Archived from the original on November 8 2022 Retrieved November 8 2022 Back to the Future The Musical Sets Broadway Bow Roger Bart and Hugh Coles to Lead the Cast Playbill October 21 2022 Archived from the original on October 22 2022 Retrieved October 22 2022 Evans Greg October 21 2022 Back To The Future Musical Coming To Broadway This Summer Teaser Trailer With Surprise Guest Unveiled Deadline Archived from the original on October 22 2022 Retrieved October 22 2022 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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