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Samuel J. Friedman Theatre

The Samuel J. Friedman Theatre, formerly the Biltmore Theatre, is a Broadway theater at 261 West 47th Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1925, it was designed by Herbert J. Krapp in the neo-Renaissance style and was constructed for Irwin Chanin. It has 650 seats across two levels and is operated by the Manhattan Theatre Club (MTC). The auditorium interior is a New York City landmark, and the theater is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 2008, the theater has been named for Broadway publicist Samuel J. Friedman, whose family was a major donor to MTC.

Samuel J. Friedman Theatre
Biltmore Theatre
(2021)
Address261 West 47th Street
Manhattan, New York City
United States
Coordinates40°45′37″N 73°59′12″W / 40.7603°N 73.9868°W / 40.7603; -73.9868Coordinates: 40°45′37″N 73°59′12″W / 40.7603°N 73.9868°W / 40.7603; -73.9868
OwnerManhattan Theatre Club
TypeBroadway theatre
Capacity650
ProductionThe Collaboration
Construction
ArchitectHerbert J. Krapp
DesignatedOctober 27, 2004
Reference no.04001203[1]
Designated entityTheater
DesignatedNovember 10, 1987[2]
Reference no.1320[2]
Designated entityAuditorium interior

The facade is largely designed in terracotta and buff-colored brick. The ground floor, which contains the theater's entrance, is shielded by a marquee. The upper stories are divided into bays separated by fluted pilasters, and the facade is topped by an entablature and balustrade. The auditorium contains neo-Renaissance detailing, a raked orchestra level, a large balcony, and a shallow domed ceiling. The basement contains MTC's gift shop and the Susan and Peter J. Solomon Family Lounge, while a mezzanine level contains another lounge. There are also false box seats near the front of the auditorium, flanking the proscenium arch. The modern configuration of the theater dates to a 2000s renovation, when the auditorium was redesigned to a smaller size, allowing the addition of MTC's lounges and offices behind it.

The Biltmore Theatre was Chanin's second Broadway theater, opening on December 7, 1925, with the play Easy Come Easy Go. The Biltmore largely hosted flops during the late 1920s and early 1930s. It was used by Federal Theatre's Living Newspaper project in 1936 before being acquired by Warner Bros. The Biltmore was a CBS radio and television studio from 1952 to 1961, when producer David Cogan turned the Biltmore back into a legitimate theater. Cogan sold the Biltmore in 1986, and it fell into disrepair after a fire in late 1987. Though the theater was sold several times afterward, including to the Nederlander Organization and Stewart F. Lane in 1993, it was not restored until MTC agreed to operate the theater in 2001. The theater reopened in 2003, and MTC took ownership of the Friedman after it was renamed in 2008.

Site

The Samuel J. Friedman Theatre is on 261 West 47th Street, on the north sidewalk between Eighth Avenue and Broadway, near Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[3][4] The trapezoidal land lot covers 8,800 sq ft (820 m2), with a frontage of 75 ft (23 m) on 47th Street and a depth of 126 ft (38 m).[4][5] The Friedman shares the block with the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, Longacre Theatre, and Morgan Stanley Building to the east. Other nearby buildings include the Eugene O'Neill Theatre and Walter Kerr Theatre to the north; Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan to the northeast; the Hotel Edison and Lunt-Fontanne Theatre to the southeast; the Lena Horne (formerly Brooks Atkinson) Theatre and Paramount Hotel to the south; and the off-Broadway 47th Street Theatre to the west.[4] The Friedman Theatre's site had previously contained three five-story apartment buildings.[5]

Design

The Samuel J. Friedman Theatre, originally the Biltmore Theatre, was designed by Herbert J. Krapp in the neo-Renaissance style and was constructed in 1925 for the Chanin brothers.[3][6][7] Since 2008, the theater has been named for Samuel J. Friedman (1912–1974), a press agent; his children made a large donation to the theater through the Dr. Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman Foundation.[8][9] The Friedman is operated by the Manhattan Theatre Club (MTC),[10][11] a nonprofit theater company.[12] The theater's modern configuration dates to an early-2000s renovation by Polshek Partnership.[13][14][15]

Facade

 
The facade as seen from across 47th Street

The facade is designed in the Italian Renaissance Revival style with low-relief classical ornamentation. It is made of glazed white brick with white terracotta decorations.[16][17] The first story of the facade is symmetrically arranged and is faced with rusticated terracotta blocks. The center of the first story contains the main entrance to the theater, with glass-and-metal doors connecting with the box office lobby. Sign boards are placed on either side of the main entrance, and a frieze runs above the first story.[16] A metal marquee, installed during the theater's 2000s renovation,[18][19] hangs above the entrance.[16] The marquee contains the letters "Samuel J. Friedman Theatre", which were installed when the theater was renamed in 2008.[20][21] There are enclosed alleys on either side of the theater.[19]

The auditorium's upper stories are divided into three vertical bays, separated by four fluted terracotta pilasters with composite-style capitals. The central bay contains four windows at the second story, while the outer stories each contain one window. All of the second-story windows are six-over-six double hung windows, placed within terracotta surrounds. Above these windows, there are rectangular brick panels at the third and fourth stories, with terracotta floral decorations at each corner. A lighted sign with the theater's name is placed in front of the central bay's panel. The outer bays are topped by short, rectangular terracotta panels, which contain cartouches with molded wreaths. Similar rectangular terracotta panels are placed above the center bay. These are surrounded by bands of stretcher brick.[16]

The pilasters support an entablature near the top of the facade. The entablature contains a frieze with molded rosettes above each pilaster, interspersed with wave moldings above the bays. The frieze is topped by a cornice with modillions and dentils. Above the cornice, the center bay has a brick parapet while the other bays have blind balustrades.[16] During the theater's 2000s renovation, the roof was rebuilt with a steel frame, and HVAC and electrical systems were placed on the roof slab.[19]

Interior

Auditorium

The auditorium has an orchestra level, one balcony, and a stage behind the proscenium arch; there are false boxes flanking the stage.[22] In contrast to Krapp's earlier works, the auditorium is shaped like a horseshoe in plan and is oriented on a slightly diagonal axis relative to its site.[23][24] The space is designed with plaster decorations in relief.[23] The Friedman is one of the smaller Broadway theaters. The Broadway League cites the theater as having a capacity of 650 seats,[11][25][26] while Playbill cites 637 seats.[10] The first two rows of the orchestra can be removed to provide as few as 600 seats for small productions.[26] Prior to a renovation in 2001, the theater had 948 seats.[25][27] The entire theater is wheelchair-accessible via an elevator at the rear of the auditorium.[28][29] Because MTC sought to have non-amplified sound, the auditorium has carpets only in the aisles and the seats are designed with hard backs.[30] On average, the new seats are 20 to 22 in (510 to 560 mm) wide and have 32 in (810 mm) of legroom.[31]

The Friedman and Rodgers were the Chanins' only two Broadway theaters that Krapp designed in the Adam style. His other four theaters for the family (the Brooks Atkinson, Majestic, John Golden, and Bernard B. Jacobs) were designed in a Spanish style.[32] Since its renovation, the interior has been decorated in a cream and brown color scheme, with red and blue highlights.[33][34][35]

Seating areas

The rear (south) end of the orchestra contains a promenade.[23] The orchestra is raked; the angle of the rake was increased in the 2000s by excavating the front of the orchestra and raising the rear.[36][37][38] The rear wall was moved forward by 20 ft (6.1 m) compared to its original position,[36][38] creating space for the lobby behind it.[39] Prior to the renovation, the front doors opened directly into the orchestra, and there was no lobby.[40] This was in part because the original seating capacity was small compared to other Broadway theaters, making the Biltmore relatively unprofitable and prompting subsequent owners to extend the orchestra seating backward.[24] The modern orchestra is several steps up from the lobby.[37] There is an aisle through the center of the orchestra; it had to be retained during the renovation, despite MTC's desire for center seats with unobstructed views.[30]

The orchestra's rear and side walls are curved and are covered in paneled wainscoting.[41] The center of the orchestra's rear wall contains doors that connect with the lobby. Fire exit doors at either end lead to alleys.[16] Staircases to the balcony are placed within doorways on either side of the lobby doors.[23] The outside edges of the staircases contain plaster walls with rectangular panels, which are delineated by molded bands; the walls contain iron brackets with wooden handrails. The inside edges of the staircases have iron balustrades with wooden railings, as well as ornamented newel posts.[42] The two staircases were rebuilt during the 2000s renovation, since they were necessary to reduce congestion.[30]

The balcony is raked, with a large central seating area and two smaller sections on the sides.[42] There are decorative iron railings surrounding the staircases from the orchestra to the balcony.[43] A technical booth was installed on the rear wall, and lighting sconces were originally placed on the walls.[44] Before its renovation, the balcony level was divided into front and rear sections by an aisle halfway across its depth.[22] In the 2000s, the balcony was rebuilt on a corrugated steel-framed deck atop a concrete slab.[45][30] The modern balcony has vomitories on either side, which lead down to a vaulted passageway.[42] The side walls of the balcony have pairs of engaged pilasters, above which is a wide frieze containing panels with shields. In front of the balcony are medallions with golden silhouettes, as well as panels.[43] The balcony has low-relief plasterwork panels on its underside,[43] which originally had medallions with small overhanging chandeliers.[44]

On either side of the proscenium is a wall section with a false box. At orchestra level, the wall sections on each side are paneled and contain doorways.[46] The modern walls contain paneling in front of the original cast stone; the left-hand doorway leads to the dressing room.[16] Console brackets support the false boxes at balcony level, which contain rectangular openings with triangular Adam-style pediments above them. The box openings are surrounded by panels with motifs of musical instruments.[47] On either side of each box opening are fluted pilasters and columns, topped by capitals in a modified Ionic style. Above the boxes are lunettes with cameo motifs, as well as archways. The spandrels above the corners of each arch have relief panels.[43] During the renovations, lighting booms were installed in front of the boxes, and red draperies were placed behind the booms to draw attention away from the boom.[34][35]

Other design features

Next to the false boxes is a proscenium arch. The archway is surrounded by a rope molding, and there is a cartouche above the middle of the proscenium. The spandrels above the arch's corners contain Adam-style ornamentation.[23] The stage extends behind the proscenium. When the theater was renovated, the stage was lowered significantly to accommodate MTC's productions, which were more intimate compared to other Broadway theatrical productions.[36][33][a] The stage lighting was designed by Fisher Dachs Associates and was intended to be sufficient for about 90 percent of MTC's productions.[48] The diagonal orientation of the theater complicated the installation of the new rigging, which was typically placed perpendicularly to the proscenium. Of the Friedman's 40 line sets, 39 are aligned with the proscenium and the other is aligned to the rear wall.[35][48] A red house curtain and a fire curtain were also installed.[35]

The ceiling has an oval dome at its center, with Adam-style moldings around the border of the dome and an Adam-style centerpiece.[43] During the theater's renovation, four openings were drilled into the dome, and a catwalk for the stage lights was placed above the ceiling.[36][39][35][49] The installation of the catwalk and the dome's openings removed the need for a large lighting structure in front of the proscenium.[36][49] The rest of the ceiling has molded bands that divide the surface into paneled sections. An Adam-style cornice runs along the walls just below the ceiling. There are also air-conditioning vents in the ceiling.[44]

Other interior spaces

During the theater's renovation, a basement was excavated from the bedrock.[36][38][50] The basement, which is about 19 ft (5.8 m) deep, was excavated by local contractor John Civetta & Sons, which removed about 3,000 cu ft (85 m3) of rock.[26] The basement was excavated into a layer of soft rock, so the contractors poured a concrete slab across the new basement level.[51][34] The basement contains a patrons' lounge, known as the Susan and Peter J. Solomon Family Lounge.[28] The lounge is named for Peter J. Solomon, chairman of MTC's board from 1997 to 2010, as well as his wife Susan.[52][53] The basement also contains the Manhattan Theatre Club's gift shop and restrooms,[10][28] as well as MTC offices and staff spaces.[26]

The vomitories on either side of the balcony lead down to a vaulted passageway, which is on an intermediate level between the orchestra and balcony. The passageway is also accessible from the stairs at the rear of the auditorium. The walls of the passageway have wooden baseboards and moldings, above which are plaster walls with moldings.[42] The ceiling of the passageway has plaster vaults.[42][54] The modern design of the vaults dates to the 2000s renovation.[54] Beyond the passageway are secondary spaces.[42] This level includes a private lounge for MTC subscribers.[50] There is another mezzanine above the balcony level, but it does not have any historical decorative elements.[42] It contains another private lounge.[50]

History

Times Square became the epicenter for large-scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression.[55] During the 1900s and 1910s, many theaters in Midtown Manhattan were developed by the Shubert brothers, one of the major theatrical syndicates of the time.[56] The Chanin brothers developed another grouping of theaters in the mid-1920s.[57][58][59] Though the Chanins largely specialized in real estate rather than theaters, Irwin Chanin had become interested in theater when he was an impoverished student at the Cooper Union. He subsequently recalled that he had been "humiliated" by having to use a separate door whenever he bought cheap seats in an upper balcony level.[57][60]

Initial Broadway run

Chanin operation

Irwin Chanin was a newcomer to the Broadway theater industry when he was developing his first theater, the 46th Street (now Richard Rodgers). Chanin hired Herbert Krapp, an experienced architect who had designed multiple Broadway theaters for the Shubert brothers.[61][62] The 46th Street Theatre opened in early 1925 as Chanin's first Broadway theater.[6][32] Chanin retained Krapp to design the Biltmore and Mansfield theaters on 47th Street, which at the time was a largely residential street.[62][63] Chanin purchased the lots at 261–265 West 47th Street, in November 1924 for $250,000.[5] After Chanin acquired the property title to the two theater sites on 47th Street in March 1925,[64] Krapp filed plans for the Biltmore the same month.[65][66] Krapp designed the facade of the Biltmore in a more ornate manner than his previous commissions for the Shuberts. Irwin Chanin, who built the theater with his brother Henry, wished to lure visitors with architecture because they did not have the booking chain or an established reputation in the theatrical industry.[61] The Biltmore was the first theater on 47th Street's northern sidewalk.[67][68]

The Biltmore opened on December 7, 1925, with the play Easy Come Easy Go, which transferred from another theater.[67][69] It was the Chanins' second Broadway venue and was mainly intended for comedies and small productions, unlike the brothers' other venues.[24] Theatrical historian Ken Bloom described the Biltmore's early productions as "for the most part, unexceptional".[70] The Biltmore's shows in 1926 included the comedies Kongo, starring Walter Huston for 135 performances,[71][72] and Loose Ankles, featuring Osgood Perkins for 161 performances.[71][73] The next year, the Biltmore hosted The Barker with Huston and Claudette Colbert,[69][74][75] as well as the comedy Jimmie's Women[68][76][77] and the Noël Coward play The Marquise.[78][79] S. H. Stone purchased the Biltmore Theatre for $2.4 million in November 1927,[80] leasing it back to the Chanins for 21 years.[81] Numerous flops were shown at the Biltmore in 1928,[82] including Tin Pan Alley with Colbert, which had 77 performances.[83][84] The same year saw Mae West's Pleasure Man, which closed after the cast was arrested for "indecency" on opening night.[69][85] Seven more flops followed in 1929.[82]

One of the first new productions of the 1930s was Edwin Justus Mayer's Children of Darkness, which ran for 79 performances in 1930.[86][87][88] Another relatively long production during this time was George Kelly's Philip Goes Forth, with 98 performances in 1931.[86][89] In general, most productions at the Biltmore in the early 1930s were unsuccessful.[54][90] Among the short-lived works during this time were Her Supporting Cast in 1931; Zombie, Border-land, and Carry Nation in 1932; and The Scorpion in 1933.[91] The Continental Bank and Trust Company sued in 1932 to foreclose on a $550,000 mortgage on the theater, held by the Chanins.[92][93] Big Hearted Herbert, which opened on New Year's Day 1934,[94] was the theater's next hit, with 154 performances.[95][96] The First Legion later that year was another minor hit,[97][98] followed by more flops such as a 15-performance run of Fyodor Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment.[99][100]

WPA and Warner Bros. operation

 
A crowd in front of the theater for Triple-A Plowed Under (1935)

The Chanins ultimately lost control of the Biltmore and their other theaters during the Depression.[101] In December 1935, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) leased the Biltmore Theatre.[102] The WPA used the theater for the Federal Theatre Project (FTP)'s Living Newspaper, which presented factual information on current events in theatrical form.[54][90] The first Living Newspaper, Ethiopia, never opened to the public because the federal government issued a censorship order prohibiting the impersonation of heads of state onstage.[103][104] The second Living Newspaper production was Triple-A Plowed Under,[90] which opened in March 1936.[105][106] Other WPA productions included the Living Newspaper's 1935 in May 1936[97][107][108] and Injunction Granted in July,[70][109][110] as well as the marionette show Stars on Strings in June.[97][111]

In October 1936, the theater was sold to a client of Arthur A. Hershkowitz for $150,000.[112][113] The buyer was subsequently revealed as film distributor Warner Bros.,[113][114] who used the theater to show George Abbott's works.[101] The first of these was Brother Rat, which opened in December 1936[115][116] and was the theater's first major success,[70] with 575 performances.[117][118] Two subsequent Abbott plays, Brown Sugar and All That Glitters, were flops.[119] The next hit at the Biltmore was What a Life, which opened in 1938[120][121] and lasted for 538 performances.[122][123] This was followed in 1939 by Abbott's farce The Primrose Path for 166 performances,[124][125] as well as See My Lawyer with Milton Berle for 224 performances.[99][126][127] By contrast, Ayn Rand's The Unconquered ran for only six performances in 1940,[99][128] and A. J. Cronin's Jupiter Laughs saw 24 performances the same year.[129][130]

Ruth McKenney's My Sister Eileen, featuring Shirley Booth, opened at the end of 1940[131][132] and transferred to another theater in 1942.[133][134] At the end of that year, the Biltmore also hosted the final performances of the long-running comedy Janie.[135][136] F. Hugh Herbert's Kiss and Tell, featuring Joan Caulfield, opened at the Biltmore in March 1943[131][137] and ran there for two years before transferring.[133][138] The Biltmore then hosted Thomas Job's adaptation of Émile Zola's Therese in 1945, which ran for 96 performances.[133][139] This was followed in 1946 by Jed Harris's Apple of His Eye[133][140] and Loco,[141][142] as well as an adaptation of Jean-Paul Sartre's No Exit.[143][144][145] Konstantin Simonov's comedy The Whole World Over ran for 100 performances in 1947,[141][146] and The Heiress premiered at the Biltmore the same year,[147] running for 410 performances.[148][149] Other hits of the decade included the comedy The Silver Whistle in 1948,[150] which had 219 performances,[151][152] and the comedy Clutterbuck in 1949,[153][154] one of the first Broadway shows produced by David Merrick.[155] Billy Budd, which ran for 105 performances in 1951,[151][156] was among the last legitimate productions played during the Biltmore's initial Broadway run.[99]

CBS studio

In October 1951, the Warner Bros. and Abbott sold the Biltmore Theatre to Irving Maidman as an investment.[157][158] At the time of the sale, Abbott's The Number was scheduled to be produced at the Biltmore.[158] After The Number closed, the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) leased the theater in February 1952 as a broadcast studio called Studio 62.[159][160] Among the shows produced at Studio 62 were The Al Pearce Show, Bank on the Stars, The Big Payoff, Dotto, The Egg and I, For Love Or Money, The Herb Shriner Show, The Jack Paar Show, Keep Talking, Strike it Rich, To Tell the Truth, and Two for the Money.[161]

First Broadway revival

1960s and 1970s

The producer David Cogan acquired the Biltmore in August 1960 for $850,000.[162][163] Cogan announced the next year that he would return the Biltmore to legitimate use and that he would expand the theater from 979 to 1,120 seats.[164] The first production at the revived Biltmore Theatre was Take Her, She's Mine,[165] which opened in December 1961[166] and starred Art Carney and Elizabeth Ashley for 404 performances.[167][168] The Neil Simon comedy Barefoot in the Park opened in October 1963, with Ashley and Robert Redford co-starring.[169][170] Barefoot in the Park ran for about 1,530 performances before its closing in 1967,[167][171][172] and it subsequently was adapted into film, becoming associated with the theater.[54] This was followed by several short runs,[167] including The Ninety Day Mistress in December 1967,[173][174] as well as Staircase[175][176] and Loot in early 1968.[177][178]

The rock musical Hair, a transfer from Off-Broadway, premiered at the Biltmore in April 1968.[179][180] Hair, starring Melba Moore and Diane Keaton, had a total run of 1,750 performances (including off-Broadway) before it closed in 1972.[181][182] Relatively short runs filled the Biltmore in the 1970s and early 1980s.[183] The play Find Your Way Home with Michael Moriarty opened in 1974.[184][185] Subsequently, the theater staged Jules Feiffer's Knock Knock with Leonard Frey and Lynn Redgrave,[186][187][188] as well as The Robber Bridegroom with Barry Bostwick, in 1976.[184][189][190] The next year, the Biltmore held solo appearances from Lily Tomlin in Appearing Nitely,[184][191] as well as a short-lived revival of Hair.[192][193][194] The Biltmore also staged The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds with Shelley Winters[192][195][196] and The Kingfisher with Claudette Colbert, Rex Harrison, and George Rose in 1978.[197][198][199] Peter Allen's show Up in One opened at the Biltmore in 1979.[200][201][202]

1980s

 
Entrance

The Nederlander Organization negotiated to lease the theater in 1980,[203][204] ultimately taking it for five years.[10][205] The same year, the Biltmore hosted Nuts with Anne Twomey[197][206][207] and a revival of The American Clock.[186][208][209] In 1981, the theater hosted To Grandmother's House We Go with Eva Le Gallienne,[200][210][211] as well as A Talent for Murder with Colbert and Jean-Pierre Aumont.[200][212][213] The long-running thriller Deathtrap transferred to the Biltmore in 1982,[200][214][215] and the mystery play Whodunnit[216][217] and the musical Doonesbury were staged in 1983.[218][219] Barbara Rush appeared in the solo A Woman of Independent Means in 1984,[220][221] but that production closed after only 13 performances.[222][223] The theater stayed dark for an entire season; at the time, the Broadway industry as a whole was struggling to attract shows. The Nederlander Organization, which had paid $250,000 in rent per year, declined to renew its lease in August 1984.[205][223]

The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) had started considering protecting the Biltmore as an official city landmark in 1982,[224] with discussions continuing over the next several years.[225] When the first theaters were designated as landmarks in mid-1985, Cogan placed the Biltmore for sale and considered demolishing it. Cogan had paid $250,000 to maintain the theater during the dark 1984–1985 season, a significant financial burden for him since the Biltmore was his only Broadway theater.[205][223] Cogan quickly secured a buyer who wanted to use the valuable air rights above the theater.[54][226] The Biltmore hosted Boys of Winter with Matt Dillon at the end of the year,[227][228] limiting the audience to 499 seats because a 500-seat house would require negotiations with Broadway theatrical unions.[228] In February 1986, Cogan sold the Biltmore to developer Samuel Pfeiffer for an estimated $5 million; Pfeiffer promised to keep the theater operational for at least six months.[229][230] The theater's last productions of the 20th century were the Black vaudeville Honky Tonk, in 1986,[220][231] and the revue Stardust, featuring Mitchell Parish's songs in early 1987.[220][232] Honky Tonk and Stardust also limited their audiences to 499 seats.[233]

The LPC designated the Biltmore's interior as a landmark on November 10, 1987,[234][235][236] but the exterior did not receive landmark status.[54][234] This was part of the LPC's wide-ranging effort in 1987 to grant landmark status to Broadway theaters.[237] On December 11, 1987, a month after the theater was designated as a landmark, the theater's interior caught fire, which the New York City Fire Department quickly determined to be an arson. Trespassers had entered the empty theater several times, and the New York City Police Department found hypodermic needles on the floor.[238][239] The stage and thirty seats were damaged.[240][241] While someone identifying themselves as the theater's building manager said they would restore the theater, the LPC was unable to contact Pfeiffer about the fire.[242] Broadway theatrical unions had classified the Biltmore as "endangered" because it was consistently underused.[243] Due to the theater's interior-landmark status, it could not be modified without permission from the LPC.[238][239]

Deterioration and abandonment

 
Facade section

By February 1988, Pfeiffer had placed the Biltmore for sale through auctioneer Properties at Auction at a starting price of $4 million.[240][241] Morris Gluck bought the theater that month for $5.35 million,[243][244] and the New York City Board of Estimate ratified the landmark designation that March.[245] The Biltmore continued to deteriorate, and the LPC was unable to contact Pfeiffer about the issue; he remained the owner of record because Gluck had not fulfilled several terms of the sale. In August 1988, after two men walked through the smashed front doors to steal chandeliers,[246] the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) declared the theater to be unsafe.[247][248] Subsequently, Pfeiffer obtained a court order preventing the DOB from sealing the theater.[248] Jack Goldstein of nonprofit group Save the Theaters said: "It gives the appearance of being owned by somebody who is not interested in running it as anything except into the ground".[246] After Gluck went into default on the down payment for the theater, Properties for Auction sued him.[249]

The theater was placed for auction again in March 1989,[250] but Pfeiffer did not agree to sell at the high bid of $5.25 million.[249][251] Several developers and theatrical operators started negotiating with Pfeiffer for a potential purchase. The landmark designation required the Biltmore to operate as a legitimate Broadway house if it were renovated or if the air rights above it were used.[248] No further progress occurred until early 1991, when the theater was placed for auction again, without its air rights; this time, Pfeiffer was obligated to take the high bid.[252] Jay Cardwell and David Yakir went into contract to buy the theater for $4 million later that year.[253][254] Cardwell estimated that a restoration would cost $5–8 million, at which point the theater had falling plaster, charred seats, and water-damaged walls.[253] By February 1992, the sale had not been finalized, but Pfeiffer's $2.25 million mortgage for the theater was in default.[255] Manufacturers and Traders Trust took ownership of the Biltmore after foreclosing on the mortgage.[256]

The Nederlander Organization and Stewart F. Lane acquired the Biltmore in July 1993[256][257] as part of an 140 ft-long (43 m) assemblage between 47th and 48th Streets.[258] The new owners sought a low-interest loan from the New York state government, following a similar incentive for Disney's New Amsterdam Theatre.[259] The abandoned Biltmore had holes in the ceiling, through which rainfall leaked, and it suffered from vandalism.[27][260] LPC chairwoman Jennifer Raab specifically cited the theater as an example of "demolition by neglect".[261] The Nederlanders and Lane also held talks with theatrical stage unions to determine the theater's future use. By early 1996, the theater's owners indicated that these discussions were unsuccessful and that the Biltmore might instead be converted for non-theatrical use. At one point, Lane considered leasing the theater to a delicatessen owner after concluding that restoration as a Broadway theater was infeasible.[262]

In March 1996, the Nederlanders and Lane entered a contract to sell the theater to developer Joseph Moinian for $14.4 million.[263] Moinian also bought five tenements on Eighth Avenue that were owned solely by the Nederlanders.[247][263] The next year, Moinian announced he would build a 750-key hotel using air rights from the Biltmore and Brooks Atkinson theaters.[264][265] The historic auditorium would be restored, but it was planned to become part of the hotel's lobby.[264][265] The LPC rejected Moinian's plan for the Biltmore.[247] Although Moinian was able to obtain additional air rights for his planned hotel, the Nederlanders instead decided to place the property back for sale in April 1999.[263][266] Moinian sued the Nederlanders in New York Supreme Court that year, alleging that the Nederlanders had inappropriately reneged on the contract.[267] That December, the court ruled in Lane and the Nederlanders' favor. The Nederlanders and Lane indicated their intent to restore the theater while developing the Eighth Avenue site as an apartment complex.[268][269][270]

Second Broadway revival

The Manhattan Theatre Club had become one of New York City's most successful nonprofit theatrical companies in the 1990s. The club had been seeking a Broadway venue since the early 1990s, as a Broadway home would make their productions eligible for the Tony Awards.[12][271] Duncan Hazard of Polshek Partnership, a longtime friend of MTC artistic director Lynne Meadow, was involved in the search.[271] Hazard was watching The Iceman Cometh at the Brooks Atkinson in 1999 when he saw the Biltmore across the street during intermission.[271][35] He contacted MTC director of operations Michael Moody, who had previously considered and rejected the Biltmore, but reconsidered after Hazard requested the architectural drawings for the theater.[271][35]

MTC renovation

 
The theater as seen in 2002

In late 2000, MTC proposed taking over the Biltmore and restoring it.[260][272] Biltmore 47 Associates (a consortium headed by the Jack Parker Corporation), which was planning a neighboring apartment building at Eighth Avenue and 47th Street, had planned to renovate the theater and restore it to legitimate use. In exchange, the development team could increase their apartment building's floor area ratio by 20 percent.[27][271] The deal required approval from the New York City Department of City Planning.[27] MTC development director Andrew Hamingson recalled that the mechanical room was flooded in three feet of standing water.[36] Many neighborhood residents supported MTC's renovation but opposed the proposed apartments,[273][274] upon which Biltmore 47 agreed to reduce the size of its building from 61 to 55 stories.[274] The neighboring apartment complex, also known as the Biltmore, was ultimately built as a 51-story structure; the developers had been allowed to build 18 additional stories in exchange for the theater's renovation.[247]

Initially, MTC predicted that the renovation would cost $18 million,[27][260] but the costs rose to $27 million after additional damage was discovered.[14][15] Before work started on the theater, Hazard designed a foam model of his proposed modifications and sent it to Meadow, who approved the plans immediately. The plans called for making the theater smaller and more intimate by relocating the rear wall, which would also provide a "tower" for MTC functions behind the auditorium.[275] To make space for MTC's club facilities, Hazard suggested excavating a basement.[34] The renovation started in December 2001, when MTC launched a $35 million fundraising campaign for the theater.[14][15] At the time, MTC had raised $20 million, including $5 million from the city government and $4.65 million from Biltmore 47.[25] In addition, Biltmore 47 gave a construction loan of $10.35 million, for a total gift of $15 million. The city's share was increased to $6.4 million, while the MTC board gave $12 million.[36]

Polshek Partnership Architects restored surviving sections of the original theater and EverGreene Architectural Arts restored plasterwork and reconstructed missing parts.[13][36][38] EverGreene hired 18 plasterers to replace 70 percent of the plasterwork, including 6,000 ft (1,800 m) of moldings and 2,500 sq ft (230 m2) of ornamentation.[36][33] In addition, John Civetta was hired to excavate the basement lounge, and Severud Associates was hired as the structural engineer.[13] The theater's steel frame was reinforced, and contractors installed seismographs on the walls to monitor whether the excavations were causing damage.[34] The orchestra, balcony, and stairs were reconstructed, with decorative elements being rebuilt to their original designs due to the interior-landmark status.[33][34] The facade, which was not landmarked, received a new canopy and glass doors.[18][19] Barbara Spandorf of Fisher Dachs Associates was involved in redesigning the interior for theatrical use.[30][35]

MTC takeover and renaming

The theater was officially rededicated on October 15, 2003,[276] and the Biltmore reopened on November 6 with The Violet Hour.[277][278] The Biltmore received the New York Landmarks Conservancy's Lucy G. Moses Preservation Award, as well as accolades from the Municipal Art Society of New York and the magazine New York Construction.[279][280] The theater was also added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.[279][281] MTC's first season at the Biltmore was marked with difficulties, including a controversy when Terrence McNally's Dedication was swapped out with The Violet Hour as the inaugural production. In addition, The Violet Hour and the next production, Drowning Crow, both opened to negative reception.[282][283] By contrast, MTC's second season at the Biltmore (which included Reckless, Brooklyn Boy, and After the Night and the Music) was more successful.[284] During each subsequent season, MTC hosted three plays at the Biltmore.[10][11]

In June 2008, the Dr. Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman Foundation made a large donation to the MTC, though the amount of the donation was not disclosed.[8][9] Subsequently, MTC announced it would rename the Biltmore in honor of Samuel J. Friedman before the 2008–2009 season commenced.[285] The theater was renamed at a dedication ceremony held on September 4, 2008,[286] and MTC officially acquired the Friedman the next month.[8] The first production at the renamed theater was To Be or Not to Be.[287] MTC continued its tradition of scheduling three plays a season at the Friedman.[288] The theater closed on March 12, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[289] It reopened on September 14, 2021, with previews of Ruben Santiago-Hudson's Lackawanna Blues.[290][291] The theater was again renovated in 2021.[292]

Notable productions

Productions are listed by the year of their first performance.[10][11]

1920s to 1980s

No productions were hosted between 1952 and 1961 or between 1987 and 2003.[10][11]

2000s to present

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ The new stage is cited as being either 1 ft (0.30 m)[34] or 20 in (510 mm) below the original stage level.[33]

Citations

  1. ^ "National Register Information System – (#04001203)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 1.
  3. ^ a b White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 301. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  4. ^ a b c "261 West 47 Street, 10036". New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved March 25, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ a b c "Theater to Replace Flats Bought in 47th Street". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. November 19, 1924. p. 29. ProQuest 1113066560.
  6. ^ a b National Park Service 2004, p. 9.
  7. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 12.
  8. ^ a b c Robertson, Campbell (June 19, 2008). "Big News! Press Agent Gets Name in Lights". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Biltmore Theatre to be Renamed for Publicist Samuel J. Friedman". Broadway.com. June 18, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Samuel J. Friedman Theatre". Playbill. September 14, 2021. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  11. ^ a b c d e The Broadway League. "Samuel J. Friedman Theatre – New York, NY". IBDB. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  12. ^ a b Rockwell, John (September 22, 2002). "Theater; For Profit or Not, It's All Showbiz". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  13. ^ a b c Phair 2004, p. 12.
  14. ^ a b c Ehren, Christine (December 12, 2001). "MTC Unveils $35 Million Capital Campaign for Biltmore Renovation; House Will Relight 2003". Playbill. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  15. ^ a b c Dunlap, David W. (December 12, 2001). "Dawning of a New Age for the Biltmore". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g National Park Service 2004, p. 3.
  17. ^ Morrison, William (1999). Broadway Theatres: History and Architecture. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 141. ISBN 0-486-40244-4.
  18. ^ a b Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 466.
  19. ^ a b c d Phair 2004, p. 15.
  20. ^ Gans, Andrew (August 11, 2008). "Biltmore Will Be Renamed the Friedman in September; Lobby Named for Herz and Ullman". Playbill. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  21. ^ "MTC Sets Date for Renaming Biltmore Theatre for Samuel J. Friedman". Broadway.com. August 11, 2008. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  22. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 17.
  23. ^ a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 17; National Park Service 2004, p. 3.
  24. ^ a b c Henderson 2004, p. 42.
  25. ^ a b c Kuchwara, Michael (December 18, 2001). "Biltmore Breaks Ground in Renovation". Back Stage. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  26. ^ a b c d Phair 2004, p. 13.
  27. ^ a b c d e Pogrebin, Robin (November 22, 2000). "Theater Club Has Plans for Broadway House". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 24, 2021.
  28. ^ a b c "Accessibility at Samuel J. Friedman Theatre, New York". SeatPlan. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  29. ^ "Samuel J Friedman Theatre - Theaters". Broadway.com. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  30. ^ a b c d e Henderson 2004, p. 48.
  31. ^ McKinley, Jesse; Topcik, Joel (October 8, 2004). "You Can Buy a Seat, but Can You Fit in It?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  32. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 15.
  33. ^ a b c d e Phair 2004, p. 14.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g Henderson 2004, p. 47.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h Eddy, Michael S.; Lampert-Greaux, Ellen (February 2004). "Urban Renewal". Entertainment Design. Vol. 38, no. 2. pp. 10–15. ProQuest 209661241.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dunlap, David W. (September 23, 2003). "For Venerable Theater, It's a Body Transplant". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  37. ^ a b Botto, Louis (2010). At This Theatre. Applause Books. Applause. p. 877. ISBN 978-1-4768-5028-3.
  38. ^ a b c d Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, pp. 465–466.
  39. ^ a b Phair 2004, p. 10.
  40. ^ Phair 2004, pp. 12–13.
  41. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, pp. 17–18; National Park Service 2004, p. 3.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g National Park Service 2004, p. 4.
  43. ^ a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 18; National Park Service 2004, p. 4.
  44. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 18.
  45. ^ Phair 2004, pp. 14–16.
  46. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 18; National Park Service 2004, p. 3.
  47. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 18; National Park Service 2004, pp. 3–4.
  48. ^ a b Henderson 2004, pp. 49–50.
  49. ^ a b Henderson 2004, p. 49.
  50. ^ a b c "Samuel J. Friedman Theatre for Manhattan Theatre Club". Ennead. March 30, 2003. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  51. ^ Phair 2004, pp. 13–14.
  52. ^ Heyman, Marshall (May 26, 2010). "Peter J. Solomon Takes a Bow". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  53. ^ Jones, Kenneth (October 14, 2010). "Manhattan Theatre Club Announces Board Leadership/Staff Changes; Hodgson Succeeds Solomon". Playbill. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g Henderson 2004, p. 44.
  55. ^ Swift, Christopher (2018). "The City Performs: An Architectural History of NYC Theater". New York City College of Technology, City University of New York. from the original on March 25, 2020. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
  56. ^ Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 4.
  57. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, pp. 7–8.
  58. ^ "The Chanins of Broadway". New York Daily News. October 8, 1927. p. 54. ProQuest 2260837597.
  59. ^ "Who are the Chanins?". The New York Times. January 24, 1926. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  60. ^ Mullett, Mary B. (August 1928). "The Chanins of Broadway". American Magazine. Vol. 106. p. 126.
  61. ^ a b Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars. New York: Rizzoli. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-8478-3096-1. OCLC 13860977.
  62. ^ a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 14.
  63. ^ "Chanin to Open Theater In 47th Street Dec. 5". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. November 19, 1925. p. 19. ProQuest 1112873179.
  64. ^ "Sites Acquired and Progress Reported on New Spring Building Operations". The New York Times. March 3, 1925. p. 41. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103710609.
  65. ^ "Hoagland Corp'n Sells Buildings on Fifth Ave". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. March 21, 1925. p. 20. ProQuest 1112798100.
  66. ^ "New $200,000 Theatre". The New York Times. March 21, 1925. p. 25. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 103539952.
  67. ^ a b "The Play; In which Easy Virtue Wins". The New York Times. December 8, 1925. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  68. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 213.
  69. ^ a b c Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 15; National Park Service 2004, p. 11.
  70. ^ a b c Bloom 2007, p. 33.
  71. ^ a b Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 213; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 25.
  72. ^ The Broadway League (March 30, 1926). "Kongo – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Kongo Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  73. ^ a b The Broadway League (August 16, 1926). "Loose Ankles – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Loose Ankles Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  74. ^ The Broadway League (January 18, 1927). "The Barker – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "The Barker Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  75. ^ "He Wrote "the Barker"". The New York Times. January 23, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  76. ^ The Broadway League (September 26, 1927). "Jimmie's Women – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Jimmie's Women Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  77. ^ ""Jimmie's Women" a Farce; Despite the Drawing Room Setting It Is No Teacup Comedy". The New York Times. September 27, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  78. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 14, 1927). "The Marquise – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "The Marquise Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  79. ^ "'The Marquise' to Close; Play Will End Run This Week-- Billie Burke May Go on Tour". The New York Times. January 18, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  80. ^ "Two Theatres Sold in $2,400,000 Deal; Chanins Dispose of the Chanin and the Biltmore in the Times Square District". The New York Times. November 25, 1927. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  81. ^ "Biltmore Theatre Lease.: S.H. Stone, New Owner, Leases Property Back to the Chanins". The New York Times. November 26, 1927. p. 28. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 104036937.
  82. ^ a b Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 213; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, pp. 15–16.
  83. ^ National Park Service 2004, p. 11.
  84. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 26.
  85. ^ "Raid Mae West Play, Seize 56 at Opening; Police Arrest Entire Cast of "Pleasure Man" After Last Act at Biltmore Theatre". The New York Times. October 2, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  86. ^ a b c Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 27.
  87. ^ The Broadway League (January 7, 1930). "Children of Darkness – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Children of Darkness Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  88. ^ "Guitry Play Postponed; Its Production in Fall--"Children of Darkness" Closes March 15". The New York Times. March 6, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  89. ^ The Broadway League (January 12, 1931). "Philip Goes Forth – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Philip Goes Forth Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  90. ^ a b c Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 16.
  91. ^ Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, pp. 27–28.
  92. ^ "Sues to Foreclose on the Hippodrome; Bank Holding $2,500,000 Liens Asks for Receivership and Sale of Property". The New York Times. July 7, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  93. ^ "Foreclosure Petition Filed on Hippodrome". New York Herald Tribune. July 7, 1932. p. 10. ProQuest 1221283390.
  94. ^ Atkinson, Brooks (January 2, 1934). "The Play; Bringing Up Father in 'Big Hearted Herbert,' With J.C. Nugent". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  95. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 28.
  96. ^ The Broadway League (December 1, 1933). "Big Hearted Herbert – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Big Hearted Herbert Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  97. ^ a b c Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215.
  98. ^ "News of the Stage; More Bookings -- 'The First Legion' Extends Its Run Again -- Censorship Rears Its Head Once More". The New York Times. December 14, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  99. ^ a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 16; National Park Service 2004, p. 11.
  100. ^ The Broadway League (January 22, 1935). "Crime and Punishment – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Crime and Punishment Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  101. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215.
  102. ^ "WPA Will Lease 2 More Theatres; New York's Project Arranges to Take Over Biltmore and Daly's for Productions". The New York Times. December 31, 1935. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  103. ^ Witham, Barry B. (2003). The Federal Theatre Project: A Case Study. Cambridge Studies in American Theatre and Drama. Cambridge University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-521-82259-6.
  104. ^ Atkinson, Brooks (January 25, 1936). "The Play; ' Ethiopia,' the First Issue of The Living Newspaper, Which the Federal Theatre Cannot Publish". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  105. ^ "'Triple-A' Play Opens Tonight; Looks Like Hit: W.P.A.'s 'Living Newspaper' Depicts Farmer in Heroic Role in Dress Rehearsal Harmony Note at Curtain Tillers, Consumers Chant 'We Need You' in Unison Germany's New Air Giant at Rest After Her First Test Flight". New York Herald Tribune. March 14, 1936. p. 15. ProQuest 1250046113.
  106. ^ B.c (March 16, 1936). "The Living Newspaper Finally Gets Under Way With 'Triple-A Plowed Under' -- Two One-Act War Plays". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  107. ^ "News of the Stage; The Government Brings Forth Its '1935' at the Biltmore -- Travelers -- The Stagehands Elect". The New York Times. May 12, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  108. ^ Mantle, Burns (May 14, 1936). "Living Newspaper Takes Up '1935'". New York Daily News. p. 46. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  109. ^ "News of the Stage; WPA Living Newspaper's 'Injunction Granted!' Plans To Open at Biltmore Tonight". The New York Times. July 24, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  110. ^ Chapman, John (July 25, 1936). "'Injunction Granted' Puts Blame on Judges". New York Daily News. p. 101. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  111. ^ "WPA Federal Theatre Brings Marionette Show to Broadway". The Brooklyn Citizen. May 29, 1936. p. 2. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  112. ^ "Biltmore Theatre Sold on $150,000 Bid; Upset Price Fixed by Court Is Offered by Attorney, a Party in Interest". The New York Times. October 16, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  113. ^ a b "Real Estate: Warner Bros. Enlarge Chain Of Playhouses Buy Biltmore Theater From Referee in Foreclosure; Other Sales Reported". New York Herald Tribune. October 24, 1936. p. 35. ProQuest 1243512040.
  114. ^ "News of the Stage; WPA Abandons 'It Can't Happen Here' in Brooklyn -- The Warner Brothers Buy the Biltmore Theatre". The New York Times. November 5, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  115. ^ "News of the Stage; ' Brother Rat' and 'Black Rhythm' Open Tonight -- 'Othello' Now Slated to Arrive Here Jan. 6". The New York Times. December 16, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  116. ^ Washburn, Charles (December 13, 1936). "If a "Brother Rat" Is Funny, Abbott Will Chalk Up Another". New York Herald Tribune. p. G4. ProQuest 1223172746.
  117. ^ a b The Broadway League (December 16, 1936). "Brother Rat – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Brother Rat Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  118. ^ a b Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 28.
  119. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 215; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 29.
  120. ^ Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 216; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 16; National Park Service 2004, p. 11.
  121. ^ "Play 'What a Life' to Open Tonight; Biltmore Theatre to Put on Goldsmith Investigation of High School Activities". The New York Times. April 13, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  122. ^ a b Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 216; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 29.
  123. ^ a b The Broadway League (April 13, 1938). "What a Life – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "What a Life Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  124. ^ Botto & Mitchell 2002, pp. 216–217; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 29.
  125. ^ "'Primrose Path' to Open Tonight; New Play Produced by George Abbott Will Have Local Premiere at Biltmore". The New York Times. January 4, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  126. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 27, 1939). "See My Lawyer – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "See My Lawyer Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  127. ^ "Comedy Will Open Biltmore Tonight; George Abbot to Present 'See My Lawyer,' With Milton Berle, in Play Debut". The New York Times. September 27, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  128. ^ a b The Broadway League (February 13, 1940). "The Unconquered – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "The Unconquered Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  129. ^ a b c Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 217; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 29.
  130. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 9, 1940). "Jupiter Laughs – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Jupiter Laughs Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  131. ^ a b c Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 217; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 16; National Park Service 2004, p. 11.
  132. ^ "2 Stage Offerings Listed for Tonight; 'My Sister Eileen' With Shirley Booth and Jo Ann Sayers to Make Bow at Biltmore". The New York Times. December 26, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  133. ^ a b c d e Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 217; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 30.
  134. ^ a b The Broadway League (December 26, 1940). "My Sister Eileen – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "My Sister Eileen Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  135. ^ The Broadway League (September 10, 1942). "Janie – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Janie Broadway @ Henry Miller's Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  136. ^ "News of the Stage; Ed Wynn to Star in Arno Revue -- 'Sun Field' Quit Saturday -- 'Janie' Moves to Biltmore Starting Sunday Afternoon". The New York Times. December 14, 1942. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  137. ^ Nichols, Lewis (March 18, 1943). "The Play; In 'Kiss and Tell' the Not Too Old G. Abbott Has Brought a Story of the Very Young to the Biltmore Theatre". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  138. ^ a b The Broadway League (March 17, 1943). "Kiss and Tell – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Kiss and Tell Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  139. ^ The Broadway League (October 9, 1945). "Therese – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Therese Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  140. ^ The Broadway League (February 5, 1946). "Apple of His Eye – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Apple of His Eye Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  141. ^ a b Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 217; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 31.
  142. ^ The Broadway League (October 16, 1946). "Loco – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "Loco Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  143. ^ a b Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 217; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 31; National Park Service 2004, p. 11.
  144. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 26, 1946). "No Exit – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "No Exit Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  145. ^ Atkinson, Brooks (November 27, 1946). "The Play in Review; In 'No Exit' Paul Sartre Has Dramatized the Despair of Lost Souls Tortured by Being in Each Other's Company". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  146. ^ The Broadway League (March 27, 1947). "The Whole World Over – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
    "The Whole World Over Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  147. ^ Zolotow, Sam (September 29, 1947). "Two Plays Are Due to Arrive Tonight; ' The Heiress' Bill at Biltmore -- 'Shylock and His Daughter' Offering at Yiddish Art". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  148. ^ a b Bloom 2007, p. 33; Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 217; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 31.
  149. ^ a b The Broadway League (September 29, 1947). "The Heiress – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "The Heiress Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  150. ^ Atkinson, Brooks (November 25, 1948). "First Night at the Theatre; Jose Ferrer Plays a Beloved Vagabond in a Droll Comedy Put On at the Biltmore". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  151. ^ a b c Botto & Mitchell 2002, p. 218; Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987, p. 31.
  152. ^ a b The Broadway League (November 24, 1948). "The Silver Whistle – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "The Silver Whistle Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  153. ^ The Broadway League (December 3, 1949). "Clutterbuck – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
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  154. ^ Calta, Louis (December 3, 1949). "'Clutterbuck' Set for Debut Tonight; Benn W. Levy Comedy About 3 Couples on Luxury Cruise Arrives at the Biltmore". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
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  316. ^ Brantley, Ben (October 15, 2004). "She's All Smiles (Until She's Not)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  317. ^ The Broadway League (February 3, 2005). "Brooklyn Boy – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Brooklyn Boy Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  318. ^ Brantley, Ben (February 4, 2005). "Crossing the River to Find the Past". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  319. ^ The Broadway League (May 1, 2005). "After the Night and the Music – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "After the Night and the Music Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  320. ^ Brantley, Ben (June 2, 2005). "A Sketch Artist Draws the Outlines of Neurotic Urban Angst". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  321. ^ The Broadway League (October 18, 2005). "Absurd Person Singular – Broadway Play – 2005 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Absurd Person Singular Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  322. ^ Brantley, Ben (October 19, 2005). "Holiday Math: Three Couples Means Marital Misery Times Three". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  323. ^ The Broadway League (February 2, 2006). "Rabbit Hole – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Rabbit Hole Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  324. ^ Brantley, Ben (February 3, 2006). "Mourning a Child in a Silence That's Unbearably Loud". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  325. ^ The Broadway League (May 9, 2006). "Shining City – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Shining City Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  326. ^ Brantley, Ben (May 10, 2006). "'Shining City': Conor McPherson's Study of Loneliness in a Crowd". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  327. ^ The Broadway League (January 25, 2007). "Translations – Broadway Play – 2007 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Translations Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  328. ^ Isherwood, Charles (January 26, 2007). "Eloquent Tongues but Anguished Irish Hearts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  329. ^ The Broadway League (May 3, 2007). "Lovemusik – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Lovemusik Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  330. ^ Brantley, Ben (May 4, 2007). "Speaking Love With Kurt and Lotte". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  331. ^ The Broadway League (October 4, 2007). "Mauritius – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Mauritius Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  332. ^ Brantley, Ben (October 5, 2007). "Theater Review: In 'Mauritius,' three thugs and a stamp collection". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  333. ^ The Broadway League (January 24, 2008). "Come Back, Little Sheba – Broadway Play – 2008 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Come Back, Little Sheba Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  334. ^ Brantley, Ben (January 25, 2008). "So Quiet You Can Hear a Heart Stop". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  335. ^ The Broadway League (May 7, 2008). "Top Girls – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Top Girls Broadway @ Biltmore Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
  336. ^ Brantley, Ben (May 8, 2008). "Ladies Who Lunch? No, Here's to the Power Players". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  337. ^ The Broadway League (October 14, 2008). "To Be Or Not To Be – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "To Be Or Not to Be Broadway @ Samuel J. Friedman Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    Brantley, Ben (October 15, 2008). "Greasepaint Can Be Mightier Than Pen or Sword". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  338. ^ The Broadway League (January 22, 2009). "The American Plan – Broadway Play – Original". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "The American Plan Broadway @ Samuel J. Friedman Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    Brantley, Ben (January 22, 2009). "Rapunzel in the Catskills". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  339. ^ The Broadway League (April 29, 2009). "Accent on Youth – Broadway Play – 2009 Revival". IBDB. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
    "Accent on Youth Broadway @ Samuel J. Friedman Theatre". Playbill. Retrieved December 25, 2021.
samuel, friedman, theatre, formerly, biltmore, theatre, broadway, theater, west, 47th, street, theater, district, midtown, manhattan, york, city, opened, 1925, designed, herbert, krapp, renaissance, style, constructed, irwin, chanin, seats, across, levels, ope. The Samuel J Friedman Theatre formerly the Biltmore Theatre is a Broadway theater at 261 West 47th Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City Opened in 1925 it was designed by Herbert J Krapp in the neo Renaissance style and was constructed for Irwin Chanin It has 650 seats across two levels and is operated by the Manhattan Theatre Club MTC The auditorium interior is a New York City landmark and the theater is listed on the National Register of Historic Places Since 2008 the theater has been named for Broadway publicist Samuel J Friedman whose family was a major donor to MTC Samuel J Friedman TheatreBiltmore Theatre 2021 Address261 West 47th StreetManhattan New York CityUnited StatesCoordinates40 45 37 N 73 59 12 W 40 7603 N 73 9868 W 40 7603 73 9868 Coordinates 40 45 37 N 73 59 12 W 40 7603 N 73 9868 W 40 7603 73 9868OwnerManhattan Theatre ClubTypeBroadway theatreCapacity650ProductionThe CollaborationConstructionArchitectHerbert J KrappU S National Register of Historic PlacesDesignatedOctober 27 2004Reference no 04001203 1 Designated entityTheaterNew York City LandmarkDesignatedNovember 10 1987 2 Reference no 1320 2 Designated entityAuditorium interiorThe facade is largely designed in terracotta and buff colored brick The ground floor which contains the theater s entrance is shielded by a marquee The upper stories are divided into bays separated by fluted pilasters and the facade is topped by an entablature and balustrade The auditorium contains neo Renaissance detailing a raked orchestra level a large balcony and a shallow domed ceiling The basement contains MTC s gift shop and the Susan and Peter J Solomon Family Lounge while a mezzanine level contains another lounge There are also false box seats near the front of the auditorium flanking the proscenium arch The modern configuration of the theater dates to a 2000s renovation when the auditorium was redesigned to a smaller size allowing the addition of MTC s lounges and offices behind it The Biltmore Theatre was Chanin s second Broadway theater opening on December 7 1925 with the play Easy Come Easy Go The Biltmore largely hosted flops during the late 1920s and early 1930s It was used by Federal Theatre s Living Newspaper project in 1936 before being acquired by Warner Bros The Biltmore was a CBS radio and television studio from 1952 to 1961 when producer David Cogan turned the Biltmore back into a legitimate theater Cogan sold the Biltmore in 1986 and it fell into disrepair after a fire in late 1987 Though the theater was sold several times afterward including to the Nederlander Organization and Stewart F Lane in 1993 it was not restored until MTC agreed to operate the theater in 2001 The theater reopened in 2003 and MTC took ownership of the Friedman after it was renamed in 2008 Contents 1 Site 2 Design 2 1 Facade 2 2 Interior 2 2 1 Auditorium 2 2 1 1 Seating areas 2 2 1 2 Other design features 2 2 2 Other interior spaces 3 History 3 1 Initial Broadway run 3 1 1 Chanin operation 3 1 2 WPA and Warner Bros operation 3 2 CBS studio 3 3 First Broadway revival 3 3 1 1960s and 1970s 3 3 2 1980s 3 4 Deterioration and abandonment 3 5 Second Broadway revival 3 5 1 MTC renovation 3 5 2 MTC takeover and renaming 4 Notable productions 4 1 1920s to 1980s 4 2 2000s to present 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External linksSite EditThe Samuel J Friedman Theatre is on 261 West 47th Street on the north sidewalk between Eighth Avenue and Broadway near Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City 3 4 The trapezoidal land lot covers 8 800 sq ft 820 m2 with a frontage of 75 ft 23 m on 47th Street and a depth of 126 ft 38 m 4 5 The Friedman shares the block with the Ethel Barrymore Theatre Longacre Theatre and Morgan Stanley Building to the east Other nearby buildings include the Eugene O Neill Theatre and Walter Kerr Theatre to the north Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan to the northeast the Hotel Edison and Lunt Fontanne Theatre to the southeast the Lena Horne formerly Brooks Atkinson Theatre and Paramount Hotel to the south and the off Broadway 47th Street Theatre to the west 4 The Friedman Theatre s site had previously contained three five story apartment buildings 5 Design EditThe Samuel J Friedman Theatre originally the Biltmore Theatre was designed by Herbert J Krapp in the neo Renaissance style and was constructed in 1925 for the Chanin brothers 3 6 7 Since 2008 the theater has been named for Samuel J Friedman 1912 1974 a press agent his children made a large donation to the theater through the Dr Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman Foundation 8 9 The Friedman is operated by the Manhattan Theatre Club MTC 10 11 a nonprofit theater company 12 The theater s modern configuration dates to an early 2000s renovation by Polshek Partnership 13 14 15 Facade Edit The facade as seen from across 47th Street The facade is designed in the Italian Renaissance Revival style with low relief classical ornamentation It is made of glazed white brick with white terracotta decorations 16 17 The first story of the facade is symmetrically arranged and is faced with rusticated terracotta blocks The center of the first story contains the main entrance to the theater with glass and metal doors connecting with the box office lobby Sign boards are placed on either side of the main entrance and a frieze runs above the first story 16 A metal marquee installed during the theater s 2000s renovation 18 19 hangs above the entrance 16 The marquee contains the letters Samuel J Friedman Theatre which were installed when the theater was renamed in 2008 20 21 There are enclosed alleys on either side of the theater 19 The auditorium s upper stories are divided into three vertical bays separated by four fluted terracotta pilasters with composite style capitals The central bay contains four windows at the second story while the outer stories each contain one window All of the second story windows are six over six double hung windows placed within terracotta surrounds Above these windows there are rectangular brick panels at the third and fourth stories with terracotta floral decorations at each corner A lighted sign with the theater s name is placed in front of the central bay s panel The outer bays are topped by short rectangular terracotta panels which contain cartouches with molded wreaths Similar rectangular terracotta panels are placed above the center bay These are surrounded by bands of stretcher brick 16 The pilasters support an entablature near the top of the facade The entablature contains a frieze with molded rosettes above each pilaster interspersed with wave moldings above the bays The frieze is topped by a cornice with modillions and dentils Above the cornice the center bay has a brick parapet while the other bays have blind balustrades 16 During the theater s 2000s renovation the roof was rebuilt with a steel frame and HVAC and electrical systems were placed on the roof slab 19 Interior Edit Auditorium Edit The auditorium has an orchestra level one balcony and a stage behind the proscenium arch there are false boxes flanking the stage 22 In contrast to Krapp s earlier works the auditorium is shaped like a horseshoe in plan and is oriented on a slightly diagonal axis relative to its site 23 24 The space is designed with plaster decorations in relief 23 The Friedman is one of the smaller Broadway theaters The Broadway League cites the theater as having a capacity of 650 seats 11 25 26 while Playbill cites 637 seats 10 The first two rows of the orchestra can be removed to provide as few as 600 seats for small productions 26 Prior to a renovation in 2001 the theater had 948 seats 25 27 The entire theater is wheelchair accessible via an elevator at the rear of the auditorium 28 29 Because MTC sought to have non amplified sound the auditorium has carpets only in the aisles and the seats are designed with hard backs 30 On average the new seats are 20 to 22 in 510 to 560 mm wide and have 32 in 810 mm of legroom 31 The Friedman and Rodgers were the Chanins only two Broadway theaters that Krapp designed in the Adam style His other four theaters for the family the Brooks Atkinson Majestic John Golden and Bernard B Jacobs were designed in a Spanish style 32 Since its renovation the interior has been decorated in a cream and brown color scheme with red and blue highlights 33 34 35 Seating areas Edit The rear south end of the orchestra contains a promenade 23 The orchestra is raked the angle of the rake was increased in the 2000s by excavating the front of the orchestra and raising the rear 36 37 38 The rear wall was moved forward by 20 ft 6 1 m compared to its original position 36 38 creating space for the lobby behind it 39 Prior to the renovation the front doors opened directly into the orchestra and there was no lobby 40 This was in part because the original seating capacity was small compared to other Broadway theaters making the Biltmore relatively unprofitable and prompting subsequent owners to extend the orchestra seating backward 24 The modern orchestra is several steps up from the lobby 37 There is an aisle through the center of the orchestra it had to be retained during the renovation despite MTC s desire for center seats with unobstructed views 30 The orchestra s rear and side walls are curved and are covered in paneled wainscoting 41 The center of the orchestra s rear wall contains doors that connect with the lobby Fire exit doors at either end lead to alleys 16 Staircases to the balcony are placed within doorways on either side of the lobby doors 23 The outside edges of the staircases contain plaster walls with rectangular panels which are delineated by molded bands the walls contain iron brackets with wooden handrails The inside edges of the staircases have iron balustrades with wooden railings as well as ornamented newel posts 42 The two staircases were rebuilt during the 2000s renovation since they were necessary to reduce congestion 30 The balcony is raked with a large central seating area and two smaller sections on the sides 42 There are decorative iron railings surrounding the staircases from the orchestra to the balcony 43 A technical booth was installed on the rear wall and lighting sconces were originally placed on the walls 44 Before its renovation the balcony level was divided into front and rear sections by an aisle halfway across its depth 22 In the 2000s the balcony was rebuilt on a corrugated steel framed deck atop a concrete slab 45 30 The modern balcony has vomitories on either side which lead down to a vaulted passageway 42 The side walls of the balcony have pairs of engaged pilasters above which is a wide frieze containing panels with shields In front of the balcony are medallions with golden silhouettes as well as panels 43 The balcony has low relief plasterwork panels on its underside 43 which originally had medallions with small overhanging chandeliers 44 On either side of the proscenium is a wall section with a false box At orchestra level the wall sections on each side are paneled and contain doorways 46 The modern walls contain paneling in front of the original cast stone the left hand doorway leads to the dressing room 16 Console brackets support the false boxes at balcony level which contain rectangular openings with triangular Adam style pediments above them The box openings are surrounded by panels with motifs of musical instruments 47 On either side of each box opening are fluted pilasters and columns topped by capitals in a modified Ionic style Above the boxes are lunettes with cameo motifs as well as archways The spandrels above the corners of each arch have relief panels 43 During the renovations lighting booms were installed in front of the boxes and red draperies were placed behind the booms to draw attention away from the boom 34 35 Other design features Edit Next to the false boxes is a proscenium arch The archway is surrounded by a rope molding and there is a cartouche above the middle of the proscenium The spandrels above the arch s corners contain Adam style ornamentation 23 The stage extends behind the proscenium When the theater was renovated the stage was lowered significantly to accommodate MTC s productions which were more intimate compared to other Broadway theatrical productions 36 33 a The stage lighting was designed by Fisher Dachs Associates and was intended to be sufficient for about 90 percent of MTC s productions 48 The diagonal orientation of the theater complicated the installation of the new rigging which was typically placed perpendicularly to the proscenium Of the Friedman s 40 line sets 39 are aligned with the proscenium and the other is aligned to the rear wall 35 48 A red house curtain and a fire curtain were also installed 35 The ceiling has an oval dome at its center with Adam style moldings around the border of the dome and an Adam style centerpiece 43 During the theater s renovation four openings were drilled into the dome and a catwalk for the stage lights was placed above the ceiling 36 39 35 49 The installation of the catwalk and the dome s openings removed the need for a large lighting structure in front of the proscenium 36 49 The rest of the ceiling has molded bands that divide the surface into paneled sections An Adam style cornice runs along the walls just below the ceiling There are also air conditioning vents in the ceiling 44 Other interior spaces Edit During the theater s renovation a basement was excavated from the bedrock 36 38 50 The basement which is about 19 ft 5 8 m deep was excavated by local contractor John Civetta amp Sons which removed about 3 000 cu ft 85 m3 of rock 26 The basement was excavated into a layer of soft rock so the contractors poured a concrete slab across the new basement level 51 34 The basement contains a patrons lounge known as the Susan and Peter J Solomon Family Lounge 28 The lounge is named for Peter J Solomon chairman of MTC s board from 1997 to 2010 as well as his wife Susan 52 53 The basement also contains the Manhattan Theatre Club s gift shop and restrooms 10 28 as well as MTC offices and staff spaces 26 The vomitories on either side of the balcony lead down to a vaulted passageway which is on an intermediate level between the orchestra and balcony The passageway is also accessible from the stairs at the rear of the auditorium The walls of the passageway have wooden baseboards and moldings above which are plaster walls with moldings 42 The ceiling of the passageway has plaster vaults 42 54 The modern design of the vaults dates to the 2000s renovation 54 Beyond the passageway are secondary spaces 42 This level includes a private lounge for MTC subscribers 50 There is another mezzanine above the balcony level but it does not have any historical decorative elements 42 It contains another private lounge 50 History EditTimes Square became the epicenter for large scale theater productions between 1900 and the Great Depression 55 During the 1900s and 1910s many theaters in Midtown Manhattan were developed by the Shubert brothers one of the major theatrical syndicates of the time 56 The Chanin brothers developed another grouping of theaters in the mid 1920s 57 58 59 Though the Chanins largely specialized in real estate rather than theaters Irwin Chanin had become interested in theater when he was an impoverished student at the Cooper Union He subsequently recalled that he had been humiliated by having to use a separate door whenever he bought cheap seats in an upper balcony level 57 60 Initial Broadway run Edit Chanin operation Edit Irwin Chanin was a newcomer to the Broadway theater industry when he was developing his first theater the 46th Street now Richard Rodgers Chanin hired Herbert Krapp an experienced architect who had designed multiple Broadway theaters for the Shubert brothers 61 62 The 46th Street Theatre opened in early 1925 as Chanin s first Broadway theater 6 32 Chanin retained Krapp to design the Biltmore and Mansfield theaters on 47th Street which at the time was a largely residential street 62 63 Chanin purchased the lots at 261 265 West 47th Street in November 1924 for 250 000 5 After Chanin acquired the property title to the two theater sites on 47th Street in March 1925 64 Krapp filed plans for the Biltmore the same month 65 66 Krapp designed the facade of the Biltmore in a more ornate manner than his previous commissions for the Shuberts Irwin Chanin who built the theater with his brother Henry wished to lure visitors with architecture because they did not have the booking chain or an established reputation in the theatrical industry 61 The Biltmore was the first theater on 47th Street s northern sidewalk 67 68 The Biltmore opened on December 7 1925 with the play Easy Come Easy Go which transferred from another theater 67 69 It was the Chanins second Broadway venue and was mainly intended for comedies and small productions unlike the brothers other venues 24 Theatrical historian Ken Bloom described the Biltmore s early productions as for the most part unexceptional 70 The Biltmore s shows in 1926 included the comedies Kongo starring Walter Huston for 135 performances 71 72 and Loose Ankles featuring Osgood Perkins for 161 performances 71 73 The next year the Biltmore hosted The Barker with Huston and Claudette Colbert 69 74 75 as well as the comedy Jimmie s Women 68 76 77 and the Noel Coward play The Marquise 78 79 S H Stone purchased the Biltmore Theatre for 2 4 million in November 1927 80 leasing it back to the Chanins for 21 years 81 Numerous flops were shown at the Biltmore in 1928 82 including Tin Pan Alley with Colbert which had 77 performances 83 84 The same year saw Mae West s Pleasure Man which closed after the cast was arrested for indecency on opening night 69 85 Seven more flops followed in 1929 82 One of the first new productions of the 1930s was Edwin Justus Mayer s Children of Darkness which ran for 79 performances in 1930 86 87 88 Another relatively long production during this time was George Kelly s Philip Goes Forth with 98 performances in 1931 86 89 In general most productions at the Biltmore in the early 1930s were unsuccessful 54 90 Among the short lived works during this time were Her Supporting Cast in 1931 Zombie Border land and Carry Nation in 1932 and The Scorpion in 1933 91 The Continental Bank and Trust Company sued in 1932 to foreclose on a 550 000 mortgage on the theater held by the Chanins 92 93 Big Hearted Herbert which opened on New Year s Day 1934 94 was the theater s next hit with 154 performances 95 96 The First Legion later that year was another minor hit 97 98 followed by more flops such as a 15 performance run of Fyodor Dostoevsky s Crime and Punishment 99 100 WPA and Warner Bros operation Edit A crowd in front of the theater for Triple A Plowed Under 1935 The Chanins ultimately lost control of the Biltmore and their other theaters during the Depression 101 In December 1935 the Works Progress Administration WPA leased the Biltmore Theatre 102 The WPA used the theater for the Federal Theatre Project FTP s Living Newspaper which presented factual information on current events in theatrical form 54 90 The first Living Newspaper Ethiopia never opened to the public because the federal government issued a censorship order prohibiting the impersonation of heads of state onstage 103 104 The second Living Newspaper production was Triple A Plowed Under 90 which opened in March 1936 105 106 Other WPA productions included the Living Newspaper s 1935 in May 1936 97 107 108 and Injunction Granted in July 70 109 110 as well as the marionette show Stars on Strings in June 97 111 In October 1936 the theater was sold to a client of Arthur A Hershkowitz for 150 000 112 113 The buyer was subsequently revealed as film distributor Warner Bros 113 114 who used the theater to show George Abbott s works 101 The first of these was Brother Rat which opened in December 1936 115 116 and was the theater s first major success 70 with 575 performances 117 118 Two subsequent Abbott plays Brown Sugar and All That Glitters were flops 119 The next hit at the Biltmore was What a Life which opened in 1938 120 121 and lasted for 538 performances 122 123 This was followed in 1939 by Abbott s farce The Primrose Path for 166 performances 124 125 as well as See My Lawyer with Milton Berle for 224 performances 99 126 127 By contrast Ayn Rand s The Unconquered ran for only six performances in 1940 99 128 and A J Cronin s Jupiter Laughs saw 24 performances the same year 129 130 Ruth McKenney s My Sister Eileen featuring Shirley Booth opened at the end of 1940 131 132 and transferred to another theater in 1942 133 134 At the end of that year the Biltmore also hosted the final performances of the long running comedy Janie 135 136 F Hugh Herbert s Kiss and Tell featuring Joan Caulfield opened at the Biltmore in March 1943 131 137 and ran there for two years before transferring 133 138 The Biltmore then hosted Thomas Job s adaptation of Emile Zola s Therese in 1945 which ran for 96 performances 133 139 This was followed in 1946 by Jed Harris s Apple of His Eye 133 140 and Loco 141 142 as well as an adaptation of Jean Paul Sartre s No Exit 143 144 145 Konstantin Simonov s comedy The Whole World Over ran for 100 performances in 1947 141 146 and The Heiress premiered at the Biltmore the same year 147 running for 410 performances 148 149 Other hits of the decade included the comedy The Silver Whistle in 1948 150 which had 219 performances 151 152 and the comedy Clutterbuck in 1949 153 154 one of the first Broadway shows produced by David Merrick 155 Billy Budd which ran for 105 performances in 1951 151 156 was among the last legitimate productions played during the Biltmore s initial Broadway run 99 CBS studio Edit In October 1951 the Warner Bros and Abbott sold the Biltmore Theatre to Irving Maidman as an investment 157 158 At the time of the sale Abbott s The Number was scheduled to be produced at the Biltmore 158 After The Number closed the Columbia Broadcasting System CBS leased the theater in February 1952 as a broadcast studio called Studio 62 159 160 Among the shows produced at Studio 62 were The Al Pearce Show Bank on the Stars The Big Payoff Dotto The Egg and I For Love Or Money The Herb Shriner Show The Jack Paar Show Keep Talking Strike it Rich To Tell the Truth and Two for the Money 161 First Broadway revival Edit 1960s and 1970s Edit The producer David Cogan acquired the Biltmore in August 1960 for 850 000 162 163 Cogan announced the next year that he would return the Biltmore to legitimate use and that he would expand the theater from 979 to 1 120 seats 164 The first production at the revived Biltmore Theatre was Take Her She s Mine 165 which opened in December 1961 166 and starred Art Carney and Elizabeth Ashley for 404 performances 167 168 The Neil Simon comedy Barefoot in the Park opened in October 1963 with Ashley and Robert Redford co starring 169 170 Barefoot in the Park ran for about 1 530 performances before its closing in 1967 167 171 172 and it subsequently was adapted into film becoming associated with the theater 54 This was followed by several short runs 167 including The Ninety Day Mistress in December 1967 173 174 as well as Staircase 175 176 and Loot in early 1968 177 178 The rock musical Hair a transfer from Off Broadway premiered at the Biltmore in April 1968 179 180 Hair starring Melba Moore and Diane Keaton had a total run of 1 750 performances including off Broadway before it closed in 1972 181 182 Relatively short runs filled the Biltmore in the 1970s and early 1980s 183 The play Find Your Way Home with Michael Moriarty opened in 1974 184 185 Subsequently the theater staged Jules Feiffer s Knock Knock with Leonard Frey and Lynn Redgrave 186 187 188 as well as The Robber Bridegroom with Barry Bostwick in 1976 184 189 190 The next year the Biltmore held solo appearances from Lily Tomlin in Appearing Nitely 184 191 as well as a short lived revival of Hair 192 193 194 The Biltmore also staged The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man in the Moon Marigolds with Shelley Winters 192 195 196 and The Kingfisher with Claudette Colbert Rex Harrison and George Rose in 1978 197 198 199 Peter Allen s show Up in One opened at the Biltmore in 1979 200 201 202 1980s Edit Entrance The Nederlander Organization negotiated to lease the theater in 1980 203 204 ultimately taking it for five years 10 205 The same year the Biltmore hosted Nuts with Anne Twomey 197 206 207 and a revival of The American Clock 186 208 209 In 1981 the theater hosted To Grandmother s House We Go with Eva Le Gallienne 200 210 211 as well as A Talent for Murder with Colbert and Jean Pierre Aumont 200 212 213 The long running thriller Deathtrap transferred to the Biltmore in 1982 200 214 215 and the mystery play Whodunnit 216 217 and the musical Doonesbury were staged in 1983 218 219 Barbara Rush appeared in the solo A Woman of Independent Means in 1984 220 221 but that production closed after only 13 performances 222 223 The theater stayed dark for an entire season at the time the Broadway industry as a whole was struggling to attract shows The Nederlander Organization which had paid 250 000 in rent per year declined to renew its lease in August 1984 205 223 The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission LPC had started considering protecting the Biltmore as an official city landmark in 1982 224 with discussions continuing over the next several years 225 When the first theaters were designated as landmarks in mid 1985 Cogan placed the Biltmore for sale and considered demolishing it Cogan had paid 250 000 to maintain the theater during the dark 1984 1985 season a significant financial burden for him since the Biltmore was his only Broadway theater 205 223 Cogan quickly secured a buyer who wanted to use the valuable air rights above the theater 54 226 The Biltmore hosted Boys of Winter with Matt Dillon at the end of the year 227 228 limiting the audience to 499 seats because a 500 seat house would require negotiations with Broadway theatrical unions 228 In February 1986 Cogan sold the Biltmore to developer Samuel Pfeiffer for an estimated 5 million Pfeiffer promised to keep the theater operational for at least six months 229 230 The theater s last productions of the 20th century were the Black vaudeville Honky Tonk in 1986 220 231 and the revue Stardust featuring Mitchell Parish s songs in early 1987 220 232 Honky Tonk and Stardust also limited their audiences to 499 seats 233 The LPC designated the Biltmore s interior as a landmark on November 10 1987 234 235 236 but the exterior did not receive landmark status 54 234 This was part of the LPC s wide ranging effort in 1987 to grant landmark status to Broadway theaters 237 On December 11 1987 a month after the theater was designated as a landmark the theater s interior caught fire which the New York City Fire Department quickly determined to be an arson Trespassers had entered the empty theater several times and the New York City Police Department found hypodermic needles on the floor 238 239 The stage and thirty seats were damaged 240 241 While someone identifying themselves as the theater s building manager said they would restore the theater the LPC was unable to contact Pfeiffer about the fire 242 Broadway theatrical unions had classified the Biltmore as endangered because it was consistently underused 243 Due to the theater s interior landmark status it could not be modified without permission from the LPC 238 239 Deterioration and abandonment Edit Facade section By February 1988 Pfeiffer had placed the Biltmore for sale through auctioneer Properties at Auction at a starting price of 4 million 240 241 Morris Gluck bought the theater that month for 5 35 million 243 244 and the New York City Board of Estimate ratified the landmark designation that March 245 The Biltmore continued to deteriorate and the LPC was unable to contact Pfeiffer about the issue he remained the owner of record because Gluck had not fulfilled several terms of the sale In August 1988 after two men walked through the smashed front doors to steal chandeliers 246 the New York City Department of Buildings DOB declared the theater to be unsafe 247 248 Subsequently Pfeiffer obtained a court order preventing the DOB from sealing the theater 248 Jack Goldstein of nonprofit group Save the Theaters said It gives the appearance of being owned by somebody who is not interested in running it as anything except into the ground 246 After Gluck went into default on the down payment for the theater Properties for Auction sued him 249 The theater was placed for auction again in March 1989 250 but Pfeiffer did not agree to sell at the high bid of 5 25 million 249 251 Several developers and theatrical operators started negotiating with Pfeiffer for a potential purchase The landmark designation required the Biltmore to operate as a legitimate Broadway house if it were renovated or if the air rights above it were used 248 No further progress occurred until early 1991 when the theater was placed for auction again without its air rights this time Pfeiffer was obligated to take the high bid 252 Jay Cardwell and David Yakir went into contract to buy the theater for 4 million later that year 253 254 Cardwell estimated that a restoration would cost 5 8 million at which point the theater had falling plaster charred seats and water damaged walls 253 By February 1992 the sale had not been finalized but Pfeiffer s 2 25 million mortgage for the theater was in default 255 Manufacturers and Traders Trust took ownership of the Biltmore after foreclosing on the mortgage 256 The Nederlander Organization and Stewart F Lane acquired the Biltmore in July 1993 256 257 as part of an 140 ft long 43 m assemblage between 47th and 48th Streets 258 The new owners sought a low interest loan from the New York state government following a similar incentive for Disney s New Amsterdam Theatre 259 The abandoned Biltmore had holes in the ceiling through which rainfall leaked and it suffered from vandalism 27 260 LPC chairwoman Jennifer Raab specifically cited the theater as an example of demolition by neglect 261 The Nederlanders and Lane also held talks with theatrical stage unions to determine the theater s future use By early 1996 the theater s owners indicated that these discussions were unsuccessful and that the Biltmore might instead be converted for non theatrical use At one point Lane considered leasing the theater to a delicatessen owner after concluding that restoration as a Broadway theater was infeasible 262 In March 1996 the Nederlanders and Lane entered a contract to sell the theater to developer Joseph Moinian for 14 4 million 263 Moinian also bought five tenements on Eighth Avenue that were owned solely by the Nederlanders 247 263 The next year Moinian announced he would build a 750 key hotel using air rights from the Biltmore and Brooks Atkinson theaters 264 265 The historic auditorium would be restored but it was planned to become part of the hotel s lobby 264 265 The LPC rejected Moinian s plan for the Biltmore 247 Although Moinian was able to obtain additional air rights for his planned hotel the Nederlanders instead decided to place the property back for sale in April 1999 263 266 Moinian sued the Nederlanders in New York Supreme Court that year alleging that the Nederlanders had inappropriately reneged on the contract 267 That December the court ruled in Lane and the Nederlanders favor The Nederlanders and Lane indicated their intent to restore the theater while developing the Eighth Avenue site as an apartment complex 268 269 270 Second Broadway revival Edit The Manhattan Theatre Club had become one of New York City s most successful nonprofit theatrical companies in the 1990s The club had been seeking a Broadway venue since the early 1990s as a Broadway home would make their productions eligible for the Tony Awards 12 271 Duncan Hazard of Polshek Partnership a longtime friend of MTC artistic director Lynne Meadow was involved in the search 271 Hazard was watching The Iceman Cometh at the Brooks Atkinson in 1999 when he saw the Biltmore across the street during intermission 271 35 He contacted MTC director of operations Michael Moody who had previously considered and rejected the Biltmore but reconsidered after Hazard requested the architectural drawings for the theater 271 35 MTC renovation Edit The theater as seen in 2002 In late 2000 MTC proposed taking over the Biltmore and restoring it 260 272 Biltmore 47 Associates a consortium headed by the Jack Parker Corporation which was planning a neighboring apartment building at Eighth Avenue and 47th Street had planned to renovate the theater and restore it to legitimate use In exchange the development team could increase their apartment building s floor area ratio by 20 percent 27 271 The deal required approval from the New York City Department of City Planning 27 MTC development director Andrew Hamingson recalled that the mechanical room was flooded in three feet of standing water 36 Many neighborhood residents supported MTC s renovation but opposed the proposed apartments 273 274 upon which Biltmore 47 agreed to reduce the size of its building from 61 to 55 stories 274 The neighboring apartment complex also known as the Biltmore was ultimately built as a 51 story structure the developers had been allowed to build 18 additional stories in exchange for the theater s renovation 247 Initially MTC predicted that the renovation would cost 18 million 27 260 but the costs rose to 27 million after additional damage was discovered 14 15 Before work started on the theater Hazard designed a foam model of his proposed modifications and sent it to Meadow who approved the plans immediately The plans called for making the theater smaller and more intimate by relocating the rear wall which would also provide a tower for MTC functions behind the auditorium 275 To make space for MTC s club facilities Hazard suggested excavating a basement 34 The renovation started in December 2001 when MTC launched a 35 million fundraising campaign for the theater 14 15 At the time MTC had raised 20 million including 5 million from the city government and 4 65 million from Biltmore 47 25 In addition Biltmore 47 gave a construction loan of 10 35 million for a total gift of 15 million The city s share was increased to 6 4 million while the MTC board gave 12 million 36 Polshek Partnership Architects restored surviving sections of the original theater and EverGreene Architectural Arts restored plasterwork and reconstructed missing parts 13 36 38 EverGreene hired 18 plasterers to replace 70 percent of the plasterwork including 6 000 ft 1 800 m of moldings and 2 500 sq ft 230 m2 of ornamentation 36 33 In addition John Civetta was hired to excavate the basement lounge and Severud Associates was hired as the structural engineer 13 The theater s steel frame was reinforced and contractors installed seismographs on the walls to monitor whether the excavations were causing damage 34 The orchestra balcony and stairs were reconstructed with decorative elements being rebuilt to their original designs due to the interior landmark status 33 34 The facade which was not landmarked received a new canopy and glass doors 18 19 Barbara Spandorf of Fisher Dachs Associates was involved in redesigning the interior for theatrical use 30 35 MTC takeover and renaming Edit The theater was officially rededicated on October 15 2003 276 and the Biltmore reopened on November 6 with The Violet Hour 277 278 The Biltmore received the New York Landmarks Conservancy s Lucy G Moses Preservation Award as well as accolades from the Municipal Art Society of New York and the magazine New York Construction 279 280 The theater was also added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 279 281 MTC s first season at the Biltmore was marked with difficulties including a controversy when Terrence McNally s Dedication was swapped out with The Violet Hour as the inaugural production In addition The Violet Hour and the next production Drowning Crow both opened to negative reception 282 283 By contrast MTC s second season at the Biltmore which included Reckless Brooklyn Boy and After the Night and the Music was more successful 284 During each subsequent season MTC hosted three plays at the Biltmore 10 11 In June 2008 the Dr Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman Foundation made a large donation to the MTC though the amount of the donation was not disclosed 8 9 Subsequently MTC announced it would rename the Biltmore in honor of Samuel J Friedman before the 2008 2009 season commenced 285 The theater was renamed at a dedication ceremony held on September 4 2008 286 and MTC officially acquired the Friedman the next month 8 The first production at the renamed theater was To Be or Not to Be 287 MTC continued its tradition of scheduling three plays a season at the Friedman 288 The theater closed on March 12 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic 289 It reopened on September 14 2021 with previews of Ruben Santiago Hudson s Lackawanna Blues 290 291 The theater was again renovated in 2021 292 Notable productions EditProductions are listed by the year of their first performance 10 11 1920s to 1980s Edit No productions were hosted between 1952 and 1961 or between 1987 and 2003 10 11 1926 Loose Ankles 73 293 1926 Old Bill M P 294 293 1927 The Marquise 78 295 1928 Pleasure Man 296 84 1929 The Nut Farm 297 84 1932 Carry Nation 298 86 1933 The Family Upstairs 299 300 1936 Triple A Plowed Under 301 300 1936 Brother Rat 117 118 1938 What a Life 122 123 1939 See My Lawyer 126 302 1940 The Unconquered 128 129 1940 Jupiter Laughs 130 129 1940 My Sister Eileen 134 133 1943 Kiss and Tell 131 138 1946 No Exit 143 144 1947 The Heiress 148 149 1948 The Silver Whistle 151 152 1951 Billy Budd 156 303 1961 Take Her She s Mine 168 304 1963 Andorra 305 1963 Barefoot in the Park 171 304 1967 The Ninety Day Mistress 173 306 1968 Staircase 175 306 1968 Loot 177 306 1968 Hair 181 182 1976 Knock Knock 187 307 1976 The Robber Bridegroom 189 307 1977 Hair 192 193 1978 The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man in the Moon Marigolds 195 307 1980 Nuts 206 308 1980 The American Clock 208 308 1981 A Talent for Murder 212 308 1982 Deathtrap 214 308 1982 Whodunnit 216 309 1983 Doonesbury 218 310 2000s to present Edit 2003 The Violet Hour 311 312 2004 Sight Unseen 313 314 2004 Reckless 315 316 2005 Brooklyn Boy 317 318 2005 After the Night and the Music 319 320 2005 Absurd Person Singular 321 322 2006 Rabbit Hole 323 324 2006 Shining City 325 326 2007 Translations 327 328 2007 LoveMusik 329 330 2007 Mauritius 331 332 2008 Come Back Little Sheba 333 334 2008 Top Girls 335 336 2008 To Be or Not To Be 337 2009 The American Plan 338 2009 Accent on Youth 339 2009 The Royal Family 340 2010 Time Stands Still 341 2010 Collected Stories 342 2010 The Pitmen Painters 343 2011 Good People 344 2011 Master Class 345 2011 Venus in Fur 346 2012 Wit 347 2012 The Columnist 348 2012 An Enemy of the People 349 2013 The Other Place 350 2013 The Assembled Parties 351 2013 The Snow Geese 352 2014 Outside Mullingar 353 2014 Casa Valentina 354 2014 The Country House 355 2015 Constellations 356 2015 Airline Highway 357 2015 Fool for Love 358 2016 Our Mother s Brief Affair 359 2016 The Father 360 2016 Heisenberg 361 2017 Jitney 362 2017 The Little Foxes 363 2017 Prince of Broadway 364 2017 The Children 365 2018 Saint Joan 366 2018 The Nap 367 2019 Choir Boy 368 2019 Ink 369 2019 The Height of the Storm 370 2020 My Name Is Lucy Barton 371 2021 Lackawanna Blues 372 2022 Skeleton Crew 373 2022 How I Learned to Drive 374 2022 Cost of Living 375 2022 The Collaboration 376 2023 Summer 1976 377 See also EditList of Broadway theatres List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th StreetsPortals Architecture New York City NRHP TheatreReferences EditNotes Edit The new stage is cited as being either 1 ft 0 30 m 34 or 20 in 510 mm below the original stage level 33 Citations Edit National Register Information System 04001203 National Register of Historic Places National Park Service July 9 2010 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 1 a b White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press p 301 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 a b c 261 West 47 Street 10036 New York City Department of City Planning Retrieved March 25 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b c Theater to Replace Flats Bought in 47th Street The New York Herald New York Tribune November 19 1924 p 29 ProQuest 1113066560 a b National Park Service 2004 p 9 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 12 a b c Robertson Campbell June 19 2008 Big News Press Agent Gets Name in Lights The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b Biltmore Theatre to be Renamed for Publicist Samuel J Friedman Broadway com June 18 2008 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b c d e f g Samuel J Friedman Theatre Playbill September 14 2021 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b c d e The Broadway League Samuel J Friedman Theatre New York NY IBDB Retrieved December 24 2021 a b Rockwell John September 22 2002 Theater For Profit or Not It s All Showbiz The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b c Phair 2004 p 12 a b c Ehren Christine December 12 2001 MTC Unveils 35 Million Capital Campaign for Biltmore Renovation House Will Relight 2003 Playbill Retrieved December 24 2021 a b c Dunlap David W December 12 2001 Dawning of a New Age for the Biltmore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 a b c d e f g National Park Service 2004 p 3 Morrison William 1999 Broadway Theatres History and Architecture Mineola NY Dover Publications p 141 ISBN 0 486 40244 4 a b Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 466 a b c d Phair 2004 p 15 Gans Andrew August 11 2008 Biltmore Will Be Renamed the Friedman in September Lobby Named for Herz and Ullman Playbill Retrieved December 24 2021 MTC Sets Date for Renaming Biltmore Theatre for Samuel J Friedman Broadway com August 11 2008 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 17 a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 17 National Park Service 2004 p 3 a b c Henderson 2004 p 42 a b c Kuchwara Michael December 18 2001 Biltmore Breaks Ground in Renovation Back Stage Retrieved December 24 2021 a b c d Phair 2004 p 13 a b c d e Pogrebin Robin November 22 2000 Theater Club Has Plans for Broadway House The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b c Accessibility at Samuel J Friedman Theatre New York SeatPlan Retrieved December 25 2021 Samuel J Friedman Theatre Theaters Broadway com Retrieved December 25 2021 a b c d e Henderson 2004 p 48 McKinley Jesse Topcik Joel October 8 2004 You Can Buy a Seat but Can You Fit in It The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 15 a b c d e Phair 2004 p 14 a b c d e f g Henderson 2004 p 47 a b c d e f g h Eddy Michael S Lampert Greaux Ellen February 2004 Urban Renewal Entertainment Design Vol 38 no 2 pp 10 15 ProQuest 209661241 a b c d e f g h i j Dunlap David W September 23 2003 For Venerable Theater It s a Body Transplant The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 a b Botto Louis 2010 At This Theatre Applause Books Applause p 877 ISBN 978 1 4768 5028 3 a b c d Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 pp 465 466 a b Phair 2004 p 10 Phair 2004 pp 12 13 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 pp 17 18 National Park Service 2004 p 3 a b c d e f g National Park Service 2004 p 4 a b c d e Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 18 National Park Service 2004 p 4 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 18 Phair 2004 pp 14 16 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 18 National Park Service 2004 p 3 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 18 National Park Service 2004 pp 3 4 a b Henderson 2004 pp 49 50 a b Henderson 2004 p 49 a b c Samuel J Friedman Theatre for Manhattan Theatre Club Ennead March 30 2003 Retrieved December 27 2021 Phair 2004 pp 13 14 Heyman Marshall May 26 2010 Peter J Solomon Takes a Bow Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved December 27 2021 Jones Kenneth October 14 2010 Manhattan Theatre Club Announces Board Leadership Staff Changes Hodgson Succeeds Solomon Playbill Retrieved December 27 2021 a b c d e f g Henderson 2004 p 44 Swift Christopher 2018 The City Performs An Architectural History of NYC Theater New York City College of Technology City University of New York Archived from the original on March 25 2020 Retrieved March 25 2020 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 4 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 pp 7 8 The Chanins of Broadway New York Daily News October 8 1927 p 54 ProQuest 2260837597 Who are the Chanins The New York Times January 24 1926 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 17 2021 Mullett Mary B August 1928 The Chanins of Broadway American Magazine Vol 106 p 126 a b Stern Robert A M Gilmartin Patrick Mellins Thomas 1987 New York 1930 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars New York Rizzoli p 231 ISBN 978 0 8478 3096 1 OCLC 13860977 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 14 Chanin to Open Theater In 47th Street Dec 5 The New York Herald New York Tribune November 19 1925 p 19 ProQuest 1112873179 Sites Acquired and Progress Reported on New Spring Building Operations The New York Times March 3 1925 p 41 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 103710609 Hoagland Corp n Sells Buildings on Fifth Ave The New York Herald New York Tribune March 21 1925 p 20 ProQuest 1112798100 New 200 000 Theatre The New York Times March 21 1925 p 25 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 103539952 a b The Play In which Easy Virtue Wins The New York Times December 8 1925 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 213 a b c Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 15 National Park Service 2004 p 11 a b c Bloom 2007 p 33 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 213 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 25 The Broadway League March 30 1926 Kongo Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Kongo Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 a b The Broadway League August 16 1926 Loose Ankles Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Loose Ankles Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Broadway League January 18 1927 The Barker Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 The Barker Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 He Wrote the Barker The New York Times January 23 1927 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 The Broadway League September 26 1927 Jimmie s Women Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Jimmie s Women Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 Jimmie s Women a Farce Despite the Drawing Room Setting It Is No Teacup Comedy The New York Times September 27 1927 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b The Broadway League November 14 1927 The Marquise Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Marquise Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Marquise to Close Play Will End Run This Week Billie Burke May Go on Tour The New York Times January 18 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Two Theatres Sold in 2 400 000 Deal Chanins Dispose of the Chanin and the Biltmore in the Times Square District The New York Times November 25 1927 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 28 2021 Biltmore Theatre Lease S H Stone New Owner Leases Property Back to the Chanins The New York Times November 26 1927 p 28 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 104036937 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 213 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 pp 15 16 National Park Service 2004 p 11 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 26 Raid Mae West Play Seize 56 at Opening Police Arrest Entire Cast of Pleasure Man After Last Act at Biltmore Theatre The New York Times October 2 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b c Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 27 The Broadway League January 7 1930 Children of Darkness Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Children of Darkness Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 Guitry Play Postponed Its Production in Fall Children of Darkness Closes March 15 The New York Times March 6 1930 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 The Broadway League January 12 1931 Philip Goes Forth Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Philip Goes Forth Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 a b c Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 pp 27 28 Sues to Foreclose on the Hippodrome Bank Holding 2 500 000 Liens Asks for Receivership and Sale of Property The New York Times July 7 1932 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Foreclosure Petition Filed on Hippodrome New York Herald Tribune July 7 1932 p 10 ProQuest 1221283390 Atkinson Brooks January 2 1934 The Play Bringing Up Father in Big Hearted Herbert With J C Nugent The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 28 The Broadway League December 1 1933 Big Hearted Herbert Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Big Hearted Herbert Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 a b c Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 News of the Stage More Bookings The First Legion Extends Its Run Again Censorship Rears Its Head Once More The New York Times December 14 1934 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 National Park Service 2004 p 11 The Broadway League January 22 1935 Crime and Punishment Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Crime and Punishment Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 WPA Will Lease 2 More Theatres New York s Project Arranges to Take Over Biltmore and Daly s for Productions The New York Times December 31 1935 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Witham Barry B 2003 The Federal Theatre Project A Case Study Cambridge Studies in American Theatre and Drama Cambridge University Press p 3 ISBN 978 0 521 82259 6 Atkinson Brooks January 25 1936 The Play Ethiopia the First Issue of The Living Newspaper Which the Federal Theatre Cannot Publish The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Triple A Play Opens Tonight Looks Like Hit W P A s Living Newspaper Depicts Farmer in Heroic Role in Dress Rehearsal Harmony Note at Curtain Tillers Consumers Chant We Need You in Unison Germany s New Air Giant at Rest After Her First Test Flight New York Herald Tribune March 14 1936 p 15 ProQuest 1250046113 B c March 16 1936 The Living Newspaper Finally Gets Under Way With Triple A Plowed Under Two One Act War Plays The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 News of the Stage The Government Brings Forth Its 1935 at the Biltmore Travelers The Stagehands Elect The New York Times May 12 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Mantle Burns May 14 1936 Living Newspaper Takes Up 1935 New York Daily News p 46 Retrieved December 26 2021 News of the Stage WPA Living Newspaper s Injunction Granted Plans To Open at Biltmore Tonight The New York Times July 24 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Chapman John July 25 1936 Injunction Granted Puts Blame on Judges New York Daily News p 101 Retrieved December 26 2021 WPA Federal Theatre Brings Marionette Show to Broadway The Brooklyn Citizen May 29 1936 p 2 Retrieved December 26 2021 Biltmore Theatre Sold on 150 000 Bid Upset Price Fixed by Court Is Offered by Attorney a Party in Interest The New York Times October 16 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b Real Estate Warner Bros Enlarge Chain Of Playhouses Buy Biltmore Theater From Referee in Foreclosure Other Sales Reported New York Herald Tribune October 24 1936 p 35 ProQuest 1243512040 News of the Stage WPA Abandons It Can t Happen Here in Brooklyn The Warner Brothers Buy the Biltmore Theatre The New York Times November 5 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 News of the Stage Brother Rat and Black Rhythm Open Tonight Othello Now Slated to Arrive Here Jan 6 The New York Times December 16 1936 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Washburn Charles December 13 1936 If a Brother Rat Is Funny Abbott Will Chalk Up Another New York Herald Tribune p G4 ProQuest 1223172746 a b The Broadway League December 16 1936 Brother Rat Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Brother Rat Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 28 Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 215 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 29 Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 216 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 National Park Service 2004 p 11 Play What a Life to Open Tonight Biltmore Theatre to Put on Goldsmith Investigation of High School Activities The New York Times April 13 1938 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 216 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 29 a b The Broadway League April 13 1938 What a Life Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 What a Life Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 pp 216 217 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 29 Primrose Path to Open Tonight New Play Produced by George Abbott Will Have Local Premiere at Biltmore The New York Times January 4 1939 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b The Broadway League September 27 1939 See My Lawyer Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 See My Lawyer Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Comedy Will Open Biltmore Tonight George Abbot to Present See My Lawyer With Milton Berle in Play Debut The New York Times September 27 1939 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b The Broadway League February 13 1940 The Unconquered Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Unconquered Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 a b c Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 217 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 29 a b The Broadway League September 9 1940 Jupiter Laughs Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Jupiter Laughs Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 a b c Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 217 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 National Park Service 2004 p 11 2 Stage Offerings Listed for Tonight My Sister Eileen With Shirley Booth and Jo Ann Sayers to Make Bow at Biltmore The New York Times December 26 1940 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b c d e Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 217 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 30 a b The Broadway League December 26 1940 My Sister Eileen Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 My Sister Eileen Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Broadway League September 10 1942 Janie Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Janie Broadway Henry Miller s Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 News of the Stage Ed Wynn to Star in Arno Revue Sun Field Quit Saturday Janie Moves to Biltmore Starting Sunday Afternoon The New York Times December 14 1942 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Nichols Lewis March 18 1943 The Play In Kiss and Tell the Not Too Old G Abbott Has Brought a Story of the Very Young to the Biltmore Theatre The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b The Broadway League March 17 1943 Kiss and Tell Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Kiss and Tell Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Broadway League October 9 1945 Therese Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Therese Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 The Broadway League February 5 1946 Apple of His Eye Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Apple of His Eye Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 217 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 31 The Broadway League October 16 1946 Loco Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Loco Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 217 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 31 National Park Service 2004 p 11 a b The Broadway League November 26 1946 No Exit Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 No Exit Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Atkinson Brooks November 27 1946 The Play in Review In No Exit Paul Sartre Has Dramatized the Despair of Lost Souls Tortured by Being in Each Other s Company The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 The Broadway League March 27 1947 The Whole World Over Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 The Whole World Over Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 Zolotow Sam September 29 1947 Two Plays Are Due to Arrive Tonight The Heiress Bill at Biltmore Shylock and His Daughter Offering at Yiddish Art The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 217 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 31 a b The Broadway League September 29 1947 The Heiress Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Heiress Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Atkinson Brooks November 25 1948 First Night at the Theatre Jose Ferrer Plays a Beloved Vagabond in a Droll Comedy Put On at the Biltmore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b c Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 218 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 31 a b The Broadway League November 24 1948 The Silver Whistle Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Silver Whistle Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Broadway League December 3 1949 Clutterbuck Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 26 2021 Clutterbuck Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 26 2021 Calta Louis December 3 1949 Clutterbuck Set for Debut Tonight Benn W Levy Comedy About 3 Couples on Luxury Cruise Arrives at the Biltmore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 218 a b The Broadway League February 10 1951 Billy Budd Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Billy Budd Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Biltmore Theatre Sold to Investor Irving Maidman Buys Property on 47th St 7th Ave Corner in Harlem Purchased The New York Times October 19 1951 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 26 2021 a b Transfers and Financing New York Herald Tribune October 19 1951 p 27 ProQuest 1322189235 Television Radio New TV Space Acquired by NBC CBS Webs The Billboard Vol 64 no 7 February 16 1952 p 7 ProQuest 1040170412 CBS TV Studio 62 Broadcasting Telecasting Vol 42 no 7 February 18 1952 p 84 ProQuest 1285691636 Ellerbee Bobby June 2016 The History of CBS New York Television Studios 1937 1965 PDF Eyes of a Generation Report p 101 Zolotow Sam August 10 1960 Biltmore Is Sold Plays to Return 850 000 Paid for Theatre Used for TV Director of Fetti Drama Quits The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Gross Jesse August 17 1960 13 300 000 Worth of Broadway Legit Realty Deals Lunt Fontanne Latest Variety Vol 219 no 12 pp 1 61 ProQuest 1017054578 Biltmore Theatre N Y to Revert to Legit Variety Vol 223 no 4 June 21 1961 p 68 ProQuest 1017072904 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 218 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 National Park Service 2004 p 12 Taubman Howard December 22 1961 Theatre Young in Heart Take Her She s Mine Opens at Biltmore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b c Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 218 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 32 a b The Broadway League December 21 1961 Take Her She s Mine Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Take Her She s Mine Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Taubman Howard October 24 1963 Theater Bubbling Comedy Neil Simon s Barefoot in the Park Opens The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Chapman John October 25 1963 Critic Weeps Joyfully Everybody Else Laughs at Barefoot in Park New York Daily News p 263 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League October 23 1963 Barefoot in the Park Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Barefoot in the Park Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Barefoot in the Park to Go The New York Times June 19 1967 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League November 6 1967 The Ninety Day Mistress Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Ninety Day Mistress Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Barnes Clive November 7 1967 Theater A Fast Romance Ruth Ford Appears in 90 Day Mistress The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League January 10 1968 Staircase Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Staircase Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Barnes Clive January 11 1968 Theater Two Character Staircase Wallach and O Shea in Play at the Biltmore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League March 18 1968 Loot Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Loot Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Barnes Clive March 19 1968 Theater Joe Orton s Loot at Biltmore Black Comedy Attacks Church and Police George Rose Makes the Most of Inspector s Role The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Barnes Clive April 30 1968 Theater Hair It s Fresh and Frank Likable Rock Musical Moves to Broadway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Chapman John April 30 1968 Hair is Itchy Twitchy and Dirty The Company Dances with Zest New York Daily News p 47 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 219 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 32 a b The Broadway League April 29 1968 Hair Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Hair Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 pp 32 34 a b c Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 219 The Broadway League January 2 1974 Find Your Way Home Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 27 2021 Find Your Way Home Broadway Brooks Atkinson Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 27 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 219 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 National Park Service 2004 p 12 a b The Broadway League February 24 1976 Knock Knock Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Knock Knock Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Knock Knock The New York Times July 1 1976 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League October 9 1976 The Robber Bridegroom Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Robber Bridegroom Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Barnes Clive October 11 1976 Robber Bridegroom Sparkles at Biltmore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Burke Tom March 20 1977 Lily Tomlin Brings Her Gallery of Zanies to Broadway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b c Bloom 2007 p 34 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 219 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 National Park Service 2004 p 12 a b The Broadway League October 5 1977 Hair Broadway Musical 1977 Revival IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Hair Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Hair Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Hair Will Stay Open The New York Times October 15 1977 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League March 14 1978 The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man in the Moon Marigolds Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man in the Moon Marigolds Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Eder Richard March 15 1978 Stage Marigolds With Shelley Winters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 219 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 33 The Broadway League December 6 1978 The Kingfisher Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 27 2021 The Kingfisher Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 27 2021 Eder Richard December 7 1978 Stage Kingfisher Stars Rex Harrison The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b c d Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 219 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 34 The Broadway League May 23 1979 Up in One Broadway Special Original IBDB Retrieved December 27 2021 Up in One Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 27 2021 Rockwell John May 24 1979 Stage Up in One Opens The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Kakutani Michiko September 14 1980 The Great Theater Duel and How It Affects Broadway How the Theater Duel Affects Broadway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Legitimate Dicker Sale Of 46th St Theatre Meyer Friedman Asking 5 Mil Variety Vol 300 no 2 August 13 1980 p 85 ProQuest 1505858990 a b c Legitimate Cogan Puts Biltmore On Block As City Begins Landmarking Demolition Seen As Unlikely Variety Vol 320 no 3 August 14 1985 pp 73 74 ProQuest 1438416443 a b The Broadway League April 28 1980 Nuts Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Nuts Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Rich Frank April 29 1980 Stage Nuts Court in a Mental Ward The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League November 20 1980 The American Clock Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The American Clock Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Rich Frank November 21 1980 Play Miller s American Clock The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 The Broadway League January 15 1981 To Grandmother s House We Go Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 27 2021 To Grandmother s House We Go Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 27 2021 Grandmother s Closes Sunday The New York Times March 4 1981 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League September 1 1981 A Talent for Murder Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 A Talent for Murder Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Rich Frank October 2 1981 Theater Claudette Colbert in Talent for Murder The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League February 26 1978 Deathtrap Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Deathtrap Broadway Music Box Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 No 4 in Long Play Runs Deathtrap Will Close The New York Times June 8 1982 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League December 30 1982 Whodunnit Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Whodunnit Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Rich Frank December 31 1982 Theater Whodunnit Comic Thriller Opens The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b The Broadway League November 21 1983 Doonesbury Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Doonesbury Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Rich Frank November 22 1983 Stage Doonesbury The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b c Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 219 Stage Barbara Rush in Independent Means The New York Times May 4 1984 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 The Broadway League May 3 1984 A Woman of Independent Means Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 27 2021 A Woman of Independent Means Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 27 2021 a b c Freedman Samuel G August 8 1985 One Broadway Theater and Harm of Darkness The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Dunlap David W October 20 1982 Landmark Status Sought for Theaters The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 29 2021 Retrieved October 29 2021 Shepard Joan August 28 1985 Is the final curtain near New York Daily News pp 462 464 Archived from the original on September 21 2021 Retrieved September 16 2021 Hummler Richard August 21 1980 Legitimate Cogan Has Buyer for Biltmore Air Rights Seen as Key to Deal Variety Vol 320 no 4 p 131 ProQuest 1438417580 Boys of Winter to Close The New York Times December 5 1985 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b Colford Paul D December 9 1985 A Silver Lining Called 499 Newsday p 108 Retrieved December 27 2021 Legitimate Lucrative Air Rights Key Lure In Developer s Buy Of Biltmore Variety Vol 322 no 4 February 19 1986 pp 433 438 ProQuest 1438442090 Nemy Enid February 14 1986 Broadway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 Honky Tonk Closing The New York Times August 9 1986 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Stardust Ending Run The New York Times May 15 1987 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Gerard Jeremy February 4 1987 Theaters Cut Costs and Cross Fingers The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b Dunlap David W November 11 1987 Three Manhattan Theaters Are Given Landmark Status The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 Shepard Joan Lippman Barbara November 11 1987 3 theaters get landmark status New York Daily News p 79 Retrieved October 29 2021 Legitimate Landmarks Panel Names 5 Theaters Variety Vol 329 no 3 November 11 1987 p 93 ProQuest 1286133538 Dunlap David W November 22 1987 The Region The City Casts Its Theaters In Stone The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 16 2021 Retrieved October 16 2021 a b Iverem Esther December 11 1987 Fire Damages Interior of the Biltmore Theater The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b Legitimate Arson Fire Damages Biltmore Interior Variety Vol 329 no 8 December 16 1987 p 85 ProQuest 1438478562 a b Waite Thomas L February 7 1988 Postings Biltmore on the Block Curtain Falling The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b Shepard Joan February 12 1988 Biltmore curtain call New York Daily News p 167 Retrieved December 24 2021 Dunlap David W December 14 1987 7 Theaters Become Landmarks Owners Plan Appeal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 a b Gerard Jeremy February 17 1988 Biltmore Theater Is Sold The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 Shepard Joan Barsky Neil February 17 1988 Cabaret of light for dark theater New York Daily News p 2 Retrieved December 24 2021 Purdum Todd S March 12 1988 28 Theaters Are Approved as Landmarks The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved November 20 2021 a b Dunlap David W August 10 1988 Scavengers Steal Show At a Landmark Theater The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b c d Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 465 a b c Shepard Joan April 5 1989 Curtain going up on Biltmore sale New York Daily News p 281 Retrieved December 24 2021 a b Biltmore Theater s Owner Rejects 5 25 Million Offer The New York Times April 1 1989 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 24 2021 Shepard Joan March 31 1989 Another try at selling the Biltmore New York Daily News p 208 Retrieved December 24 2021 Saturday Report New York Daily News April 1 1989 p 8 Retrieved December 24 2021 Postings Biltmore on the Block After Three Years Act III The New York Times March 24 1991 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 a b Dunlap David W August 6 1991 A Plan for Saving the Biltmore The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Evans Greg August 12 1991 Legit Another B way Dream Variety Vol 344 no 5 pp 47 48 ProQuest 1401370569 Evans Greg February 10 1992 Legit Biltmore still unsold plans remain on hold Variety Vol 346 no 4 p 87 ProQuest 1401375846 a b Koenenn Joseph C July 23 1993 Nederlanders Buy Biltmore Theater Newsday p 79 Retrieved December 25 2021 Dunlap David W July 24 1993 Nederlanders and Partner Buy the Biltmore Theater The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Slatin Peter February 19 1996 NY speculators rush to snap up 8th Ave sites Crain s New York Business Vol 12 no 8 p 1 ProQuest 219130231 Evans Greg March 21 1994 Legit Mickey Move Could End Biltmore Blues Variety Vol 354 no 7 pp 61 63 ProQuest 1286099492 a b c Jones Kenneth November 22 2000 MTC and Partners Will Renovate and Relight Broadway s Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 24 2021 Dunlap David W July 20 1997 Enlarging the Preservation Band The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Simonson Robert February 9 1996 Bleak Chapter in Biltmore s Future As Legit House Back Stage Vol 37 no 6 pp 3 6 ProQuest 962978801 a b c Windeler Robert June 18 1999 In Focus In Focus Biltmore Buyer Sues Back Stage Vol 41 no 34 p 2 ProQuest 962668376 a b Foderaro Lisa W April 18 1997 43 Story Hotel Planned Over Shuttered Biltmore Theater The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 a b Simonson Robert April 4 1997 New Buyer for Biltmore Theatre Back Stage Vol 38 no 14 pp 3 64 ProQuest 963070388 McKinley Jesse June 11 1999 On Stage and Off Ain t Nothin But a Flap The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Pogrebin Robin September 16 1999 Little Theaters Are Suddenly In Demand Yet in Peril The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Windeler Robert December 16 1999 Biltmore may reopen as Theatre Plus Apartments Back Stage Vol 40 no 50 p 22 ProQuest 221123612 McKinley Jesse December 3 1999 On Stage and Off The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Grant Peter December 2 1999 New future for Biltmore New York Daily News p 832 Retrieved December 25 2021 a b c d e Henderson 2004 p 45 Isherwood Charles December 3 2000 Legit near comeback at Biltmore Variety Vol 381 no 2 pp 57 60 ProQuest 236316032 Salinas Mike July 13 2001 Biltmore Theatre Deconstructed at Planning Commission Back Stage Retrieved December 24 2021 a b Pristin Terry June 12 2001 Metro Business Briefing A Compromise On Biltmore Block The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Henderson 2004 p 46 The Show Goes On Again After 16 Years The New York Times October 16 2003 p 3 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 432546045 Brantley Ben November 7 2003 Theater Review Jazz Generation Sees The Future It s Not Cool The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 25 2021 Kissel Howard November 7 2003 Time drags in Hour New York Daily News p 53 Retrieved December 25 2021 a b Jacobs Leonard December 16 2004 Biltmore Theatre Wins Design Awards Back Stage Vol 45 no 50 p 45 ProQuest 221141303 Jones Kenneth June 18 2008 Broadway s Biltmore Will Be Called The Samuel J Friedman Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 27 2021 National Register of Historic Places 2004 Weekly Lists PDF National Park Service 2004 p 127 Archived PDF from the original on October 14 2020 Retrieved July 20 2020 McKinley Jesse February 25 2004 Manhattan Theater Club Opens a New Home and Finds Trouble The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Isherwood Charles June 13 2004 B O Heights B way Blahs Variety Vol 395 no 4 pp 45 48 49 ProQuest 236305182 Rooney David February 17 2005 Reversal of Fortune Variety Vol 398 no 1 p 37 ProQuest 236248545 Manhattan Theatre Club Awards Playwrights Renames Biltmore Theatre Stage Directions Vol 21 no 8 August 2008 p 12 ProQuest 208749937 Jones Kenneth September 4 2008 Broadway s Biltmore Becomes the Friedman on Sept 4 Playbill Archived from the original on September 6 2008 McElroy Steven September 4 2008 Guys Dolls Nazis and a Fellow Named Shrek The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Healy Patrick March 26 2009 Manhattan Theater Club Tightens Plan for 2009 10 Season ArtsBeat Retrieved December 27 2021 Paulson Michael March 12 2020 Broadway Symbol of New York Resilience Shuts Down Amid Virus Threat The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 22 2021 Ruben Santiago Hudson s Lackawanna Blues Sets September Broadway Opening May 17 2021 Paulson Michael May 5 2021 Broadway Is Reopening But Not Until September The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved December 27 2021 Manhattan Theatre Club Samuel J Friedman Theatre Renovation Workforce Development November 7 2014 Retrieved January 1 2023 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 25 The Broadway League November 10 1926 Old Bill M P Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Old Bill M P Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 213 The Broadway League September 1 1928 Pleasure Man Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Pleasure Man Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Broadway League October 14 1929 The Nut Farm Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Nut Farm Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Broadway League October 29 1932 Carry Nation Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Carry Nation Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 The Broadway League October 27 1933 The Family Upstairs Broadway Play 1933 Revival IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Family Upstairs Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 a b Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 28 The Broadway League March 14 1936 Triple A Plowed Under Broadway Special Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Triple a Plowed Under Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 29 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 31 a b Bloom 2007 p 33 Botto amp Mitchell 2002 p 218 Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 16 National Park Service 2004 p 12 The Broadway League February 9 1963 Andorra Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Andorra Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 32 a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 33 a b c d Landmarks Preservation Commission 1987 p 34 Rich Frank December 31 1982 Theater Whodunnit Comic Thriller Opens The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 Rich Frank November 22 1983 Stage Doonesbury The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League November 6 2003 The Violet Hour Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The Violet Hour Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben November 7 2003 Theater Review Jazz Generation Sees The Future It s Not Cool The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League May 25 2004 Sight Unseen Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Sight Unseen Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben May 26 2004 Theater Review A Fragile Victim of Love Long Past The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League October 14 2004 Reckless Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Reckless Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben October 15 2004 She s All Smiles Until She s Not The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League February 3 2005 Brooklyn Boy Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Brooklyn Boy Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben February 4 2005 Crossing the River to Find the Past The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League May 1 2005 After the Night and the Music Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 After the Night and the Music Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben June 2 2005 A Sketch Artist Draws the Outlines of Neurotic Urban Angst The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League October 18 2005 Absurd Person Singular Broadway Play 2005 Revival IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Absurd Person Singular Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben October 19 2005 Holiday Math Three Couples Means Marital Misery Times Three The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League February 2 2006 Rabbit Hole Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Rabbit Hole Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben February 3 2006 Mourning a Child in a Silence That s Unbearably Loud The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League May 9 2006 Shining City Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Shining City Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben May 10 2006 Shining City Conor McPherson s Study of Loneliness in a Crowd The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League January 25 2007 Translations Broadway Play 2007 Revival IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Translations Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Isherwood Charles January 26 2007 Eloquent Tongues but Anguished Irish Hearts The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League May 3 2007 Lovemusik Broadway Musical Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Lovemusik Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben May 4 2007 Speaking Love With Kurt and Lotte The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League October 4 2007 Mauritius Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Mauritius Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben October 5 2007 Theater Review In Mauritius three thugs and a stamp collection The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League January 24 2008 Come Back Little Sheba Broadway Play 2008 Revival IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Come Back Little Sheba Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben January 25 2008 So Quiet You Can Hear a Heart Stop The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League May 7 2008 Top Girls Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Top Girls Broadway Biltmore Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben May 8 2008 Ladies Who Lunch No Here s to the Power Players The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League October 14 2008 To Be Or Not To Be Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 To Be Or Not to Be Broadway Samuel J Friedman Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben October 15 2008 Greasepaint Can Be Mightier Than Pen or Sword The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League January 22 2009 The American Plan Broadway Play Original IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 The American Plan Broadway Samuel J Friedman Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 Brantley Ben January 22 2009 Rapunzel in the Catskills The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved January 20 2022 The Broadway League April 29 2009 Accent on Youth Broadway Play 2009 Revival IBDB Retrieved December 25 2021 Accent on Youth Broadway Samuel J Friedman Theatre Playbill Retrieved December 25 2021 span, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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