fbpx
Wikipedia

One Times Square

January 30, 2023

For other buildings called the "New York Times Building", see New York Times Building (disambiguation).

One Times Square (also known as 1475 Broadway, the New York Times Building, the New York Times Tower, or simply as the Times Tower) is a 25-story, 363-foot-high (111 m) skyscraper on Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. Designed by Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz in the neo-Gothic style, the tower was built in 1903–1904 as the headquarters of The New York Times. It takes up the city block bounded by Seventh Avenue, 42nd Street, Broadway, and 43rd Street. The building's design has been heavily modified throughout the years, and all of its original architectural detail has since been removed. One Times Square's primary design features are the advertising billboards on its facade, added in the 1990s. Due to the large amount of revenue generated by its signage, One Times Square is one of the most valuable advertising locations in the world.

One Times Square
The building in 2010 with the Times Square Ball on its roof
General information
Location1 Times Square
New York, NY 10036
Coordinates40°45′23″N 73°59′11″W / 40.756421°N 73.9864883°W / 40.756421; -73.9864883Coordinates: 40°45′23″N 73°59′11″W / 40.756421°N 73.9864883°W / 40.756421; -73.9864883
Construction started1903; 120 years ago (1903)
Completed1904; 119 years ago (1904)
OwnerJamestown L.P. and Sherwood Equities
Height
Antenna spire417 ft (127 m)
Roof363 ft (111 m)
Technical details
Floor count25
Floor area110,599 sq ft (10,275.0 m2)
Design and construction
Architect(s)Cyrus L.W. Eidlitz, Andrew C. McKenzie (presently HLW International)
DeveloperThe New York Times
References
[1][2][3]

The surrounding Longacre Square neighborhood was renamed "Times Square" during the tower's construction, and The New York Times moved into the tower in January 1905. Eight years later, the paper's offices moved to 229 West 43rd Street. One Times Square remained a major focal point of the area due to its annual New Year's Eve "ball drop" festivities and the introduction of a large lighted news ticker near street-level in 1928. The Times sold the building to Douglas Leigh in 1961. Allied Chemical then bought the building in 1963 and renovated it as a showroom. Alex M. Parker took a long-term lease for the entire building in October 1973, buying it two years later. One Times Square was then sold multiple times in the 1980s and continued to serve as an office building.

Lehman Brothers acquired the building in 1995, adding billboards to take advantage of its prime location within Times Square. Jamestown L.P. has owned the building since 1997. In 2017, as part of One Times Square's redevelopment, plans were announced to construct a new Times Square museum, observation deck, and a new entrance to the Times Square–42nd Street subway station. Jamestown started renovating the building at a cost of $500 million in 2022.

Site

One Times Square is at the southern end of Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. It takes up the city block bounded by Seventh Avenue to the west, 42nd Street to the south, Broadway to the east, and 43rd Street to the north.[4][5] The land lot is trapezoidal and covers 5,400 sq ft (500 m2).[4] The full-block site has a frontage of 137.84 feet (42.01 m) to the west, 58.33 feet (18 m) to the south, 143 feet (44 m) to the east, and 20 feet (6.1 m) to the north.[6][7] The shape of the site arises from Broadway's diagonal alignment relative to the Manhattan street grid.[8][a] The building's address was originally 1475 Broadway, but it was changed to 1 Times Square in 1966.[9] The current address is a vanity address assigned by the government of New York City. The addresses around Times Square are not assigned in any particular order; for example, 2 Times Square is several blocks away from 1 Times Square.[10]

Nearby buildings include 1501 Broadway to the north, 1500 Broadway to the northeast, 4 Times Square to the east, The Knickerbocker Hotel to the southeast, the Times Square Tower to the south, 5 Times Square to the southwest, and 3 Times Square to the west.[4][5] An entrance to the New York City Subway's Times Square–42nd Street station, served by the 1, ​2, ​3​, 7, <7>​​, N, ​Q, ​R, ​W, and S trains, is directly adjacent to the building. There is also an entrance to the 42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue station, served by the 7, <7>​​, B, ​D, ​F, <F>, and ​M trains, less than a block east.[11]

Prior to the construction of what is now One Times Square, the northern end of the site had been part of the estate of Amos R. Eno, which had sold the site in 1901 to the Subway Realty Company.[12] The southern end contained the Pabst Hotel,[13] which had been built on land leased from Charles Thorley.[14] The southeast corner of the building originally contained a plaque containing Thorley's name, as he had required that his name be placed on any building that was constructed on the site.[15][16] The New York Times Company bought the site in 1927, four years after Thorley died, but the plaques remained until 1963.[15]

History

Times ownership

Newspaper publisher Adolph Ochs purchased The New York Times in 1896.[17] The paper was then headquartered at 41 Park Row in Lower Manhattan, within the city's Newspaper Row. The Times expanded greatly under Ochs's leadership,[18] prompting him to acquire land for a new headquarters in Longacre Square.[19] In August 1902, Ochs purchased the former Eno ground from the Subway Realty Company and obtained a long-term lease from Charles Thorley on the ground under the Pabst Hotel.[13][20] At the time, the first line of the New York City Subway was being constructed through the site, spurring commercial growth in the surrounding neighborhood.[21] In deciding to relocate to Longacre Square, the Times cited the fact that the New York City Subway's Times Square station would be directly adjacent to the new building, thus allowing the paper to expand its circulation.[13][22]

Headquarters

 
Under construction in 1903

In mid-1902, the Times hired architect Cyrus L. W. Eidlitz to draw up plans for its skyscraper headquarters at Longacre Square.[22][23] Site clearing began in December 1902 and was completed within two months. Afterward, workers began constructing the building's concrete, brickwork, and ironwork in mid-1903.[23] By the end of the year, the steel frame was being constructed at a rate of three stories per week.[24] Ochs's 11-year-old daughter Iphigene Bertha Ochs laid the building's cornerstone on January 18, 1904, after the steel frame had been completed.[25][26] Ochs successfully persuaded the New York City Board of Aldermen to rename the surrounding area after the newspaper, and Longacre Square was renamed Times Square in April 1904.[27] Workers were installing interior finishes by the next month.[23] Construction was temporarily halted that August when seventeen workers' unions went on strike.[28][29] According to the Times, the building's completion was delayed by 299 days due to various strikes during the project, as well as inclement weather.[30]

Prior to the building's completion, in November 1904, the Times used searchlights on the facade to display the results of the 1904 United States presidential election. The Times indicated which candidate won by flashing searchlights on different sides of the building.[31] The New York Times officially moved into the building on January 1, 1905.[32] To help promote the new headquarters, the Times held a New Year's Eve event on December 31, 1904, welcoming the year 1905 with a fireworks display set off from the roof of the building at midnight.[33][34][35] The event was a success, attracting 200,000 spectators, and was repeated annually through 1907.[34][35] Hegeman & Company leased most of the ground level in mid-1905, opening a drug store within that space.[36] The same year, the paper started operating a stereopticon machine on the north side of the building, displaying news bulletins.[37] In addition, the Times experimented with transmitting music and telephone messages to the top of its tower in 1907.[38]

In 1908, Ochs replaced the fireworks display with the lowering of a lit ball down the building's flagpole at midnight, patterned off the use of time balls to indicate a certain time of day.[35][39][40] By then, the New York City government had banned the fireworks displays, which were detonated directly over the crowd and, thus, posed a danger.[41] The "ball drop" was directly inspired by a time ball atop the Western Union Telegraph Building in lower Manhattan.[42] By then, Times Square had become a popular venue for New Year's celebrations.[43] The ball drop is still held atop One Times Square, attracting an average of one million spectators yearly.[35][39][40] The Times Tower was also used for telegraph experiments,[44] and its searchlights continued to display election results, including those for the 1908 United States presidential election.[45] The building's roof attracted visitors such as French author Pierre Loti, who called the Times Tower "one of the boldest" of New York City's skyscrapers,[46] and Jamalul Kiram II, the Sultan of Sulu.[47]

Times relocation and office use

 
Color portrait of the Times Tower in 1910

There was so little space on the Times Tower site that its mechanical basements had to descend as much as 65 ft (20 m). By the early 1910s, the Times Square area had become densely developed with restaurants, theaters, hotels, and office buildings.[48] Despite the dearth of space, a Times booklet said: "It did not occur to anyone to suggest that the [Times] should desert Times Square."[19][49] On February 2, 1913, eight years after it moved to One Times Square,[50] the Times moved its corporate headquarters to 229 West 43rd Street,[39][40] where it remained until 2007.[51] Most of the Times's operations quickly moved to the annex, except for the publishing and subscription divisions.[19] The Times retained ownership of the Times Tower and leased out the former space there.[52][53][54] The building continued to be popularly known as the Times Tower for half a century.[55]

The original Times Square Ball above the Times Tower was replaced following the 1919–1920 New Year's celebrations.[34] A neon beacon was installed atop the Times Tower's roof in September 1928.[56] An electromechanical Motograph News Bulletin [fr] news ticker, colloquially known as the "zipper", started operating near the base of the building on November 6, 1928,[57][58] after eight weeks of installation.[59] The zipper originally consisted of 14,800 light bulbs, with the display controlled by a chain conveyor system inside the building; individual letter elements (a form of movable type) were loaded into frames to spell out news headlines. As the frames moved along the conveyor, the letters themselves triggered electrical contacts which lit the external bulbs (the zipper was later upgraded to use modern LED technology).[57][60][61] The first headline displayed on the zipper announced Herbert Hoover's victory in that day's presidential election.[53][57] The zipper was used to display other major news headlines of the era, and its content later expanded to include sports and weather updates as well.[53][61]

During the 1940s, the building's basement contained a shooting range occupied by the Forty-third Street Rifle Club.[57] Due to restrictions imposed during World War II, the Times Tower's zipper was powered down in May 1942, marking the first time since its installation that the zipper had shut down.[62] The tower's lights were darkened for the same reason. Consequently, the 1942 New York state election was the first since 1904 for which the tower's lights did not broadcast any election results.[63] The Times reactivated the building's zipper in October 1943,[64][65] but, less than two weeks later, the sign was again deactivated to reduce electricity usage.[65][66] The sign operated intermittently until the end of World War II, when it again ran continuously.[59] On the evening of August 14, 1945, the building's zipper announced Japan's surrender in World War II to a packed crowd in Times Square.[67][68]

Ahead of the 1952 United States presidential election, the Times temporarily installed a 85-foot-tall (26 m) electronic sign on the 4th through 11th stories of the northern facade, displaying each candidate's electoral vote count.[69] The sign was reinstalled on the Times Tower during the 1956 United States presidential election.[70] The tower's ball was also replaced after the 1954–1955 celebrations.[34] The New York Community Trust installed a plaque outside the building in 1957, designating it as a point of interest and an unofficial "landmark".[71]

Leigh and Allied Chemical ownership

The Times sold the building to advertising executive and sign designer Douglas Leigh in 1961.[16][72] According to The Wall Street Journal, Leigh had attempted to purchase the Times Tower for 25 years before he succeeded.[73] At the time, there were 110 tenants in the building; the Times only operated the zipper as well as a classified advertising office at ground level. Leigh had planned to construct an exhibition hall within the building.[16][72] One of the Times Tower's subbasement levels caught fire in November 1961, killing three people and injuring 24 others;[74] investigators later determined that the fire had been caused by "careless smoking".[75] The building's zipper was deactivated in December 1962 due to the 1962–1963 New York City newspaper strike, and it did not operate for more than two years.[76]

Leigh sold the building in April 1963 to Allied Chemical, which planned to renovate the building and use it as a sales headquarters and showroom.[73][77] The first three stories would be re-clad in glass and serve as a showroom for nylon products, and the interior would be completely overhauled.[77][78] Benjamin Bailyn of architectural firm Smith Haines Lundberg Waehler designed the renovation.[79] Due to recent changes to New York City zoning laws, it was more economically efficient to renovate the Times Tower than to demolish it, as a new building on the site could not be as tall.[80] Work began in October 1963,[81][82] and the Times Tower's original cornerstone was unsealed in a ceremony in March 1964.[83] Allied Chemical stripped the building to its steel frame,[84] replacing the intricate granite and terracotta facade with marble panels as part of a $10 million renovation.[85] The first panel of the new facade crashed to the ground while it was being installed in August 1964.[86] The modifications occurred one year before the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission gained the power to protect buildings as official landmarks, leading architectural critic Ada Louise Huxtable to express opposition to the renovation.[87] Huxtable praised the building as "radical and conservative at the same time", saying that it was full of "vintage structural details".[84]

Allied Chemical reactivated the news zipper on the building's facade in March 1965[76] as part of a joint venture with Life magazine.[88] Allied Chemical turned on four 39-foot-high (12 m) electric signs atop the tower in July 1965.[89] The Times Tower was officially rededicated that December as the Allied Chemical Tower.[90][91] Shortly after the renovation was completed, Allied Chemical's nylon division had outgrown the space, and the building's elevator service was also reportedly unreliable.[92] The Stouffer Foods Corporation also agreed to operate an English-themed restaurant on the 15th and 16th floors.[93] The restaurant, known as Act I, opened in 1966.[94] The United States Postal Service officially changed the building's address from 1475 Broadway to 1 Times Square in September 1966.[9]

Allied Chemical announced in late 1972 that it had placed 1 Times Square for sale.[95][96] By that time, the company no longer needed the surplus space in its namesake tower. Allied Chemical had relocated other workers to Morris Township, New Jersey, during early 1972, and it planned to move its nylon division into smaller space at the nearby 1411 Broadway.[96] The firm wanted to sell the building outright at a minimum price of $7 million.[96][97] It is unknown whether anyone submitted a bid to purchase the building, but Allied Chemical ultimately failed to sell it.[97]

Parker renovations

 
The building seen in 1977, with the zipper on the northern elevation

Alex M. Parker took a long-term lease for the entire building in October 1973, with an option to purchase the structure.[97][98] Parker then renamed the building Expo America.[99] He planned to convert 17 of the building's stories into an exhibition hall while also continuing to operate the Act I restaurant.[97] Shortly after buying the building, Parker said: "It is my hope that the activity and excitement generated by Expo America will flow outward through the surrounding area, encouraging others to join in the effort to once again make Times Square a great area."[99] In early 1974, Parker announced that the building's zipper would display only advertising and good news because "I've had it with bad news".[100] According to Parker, it cost him $100,000 a year to operate the zipper.[100] Reuters provided the headlines for the zipper.[101]

Parker exercised his option to buy the building in 1975[101] at a cost of $6.25 million.[102][103][104] He then hired the architectural firm of Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects to redesign the tower with a glass facade and sloping roof.[80][101][105] Under Parker's plan, four stories would be added to the tower, and the facade would be replaced with panels of one-way glass.[106] Parker also planned to host a competition to select a new name for the building.[101][105] This plan was never carried out.[80] Instead, Parker and mayor Abraham Beame officially reopened One Times Square as an exhibition center on March 2, 1976.[107] Spectacolor Inc. installed a new zipper on the building's facade later that year.[80][108] The zipper only operated for a short time before being deactivated entirely in 1977.[67][103][109]

Times Square redevelopment

Early plans

The City at 42nd Street Inc. proposed demolishing One Times Square in 1979 as part of a plan to redevelop a section of West 42nd Street near Times Square.[110][111] Parker, who had not been consulted about the proposal, expressed his opposition by calling it "obscene".[110] Another plan for the site, announced in 1981, called for renovating One Times Square into a "potential civic sculpture" with a brightly lit facade.[112] In a plan presented to the Empire State Development Corporation (ESDC) in June 1981, architectural firm Cooper Eckstut proposed doubling the height of One Times Square's northern section.[113] Parker had sold the building to the Swiss investment group Kemekod in February 1981.[114] Kemekod sold the tower to TSNY Realty Corporation, an investment group led by Lawrence I. Linksman, in 1982 for $12 million.[104] Linksman promised further renovations to the building, including the possibility of using its north face for signage displays.[102][103][104]

As part of the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project, in 1983, architects Philip Johnson and John Burgee had planned to raze One Times Square and construct four new towers[b] immediately surrounding the site.[114][115] Park Tower Realty, which had been designated as the developer of these towers, offered to buy the building in November 1983. Park Tower planned to demolish the building and transfer the Times Square Ball to the tallest of the four new buildings.[116] A month afterward, TSNY sued Park Tower to prevent the demolition.[114][117] Allan J. Riley acquired the building in 1984 for $16.5 million, at which point the building was almost fully leased.[118] Also in 1984, the Municipal Art Society held an architectural design competition for the site, attracting over 1,380 entrants from 15 nations.[119] That December, the building's owner objected to the ESDC's plans to condemn the site.[120] The city and state governments of New York created a six-member committee in 1985 to discuss the future of One Times Square.[121]

Israel and Calmenson ownership

 
One Times Square as viewed from 45th Street in 1977

Steven M. Israel and Gary Calmenson paid $18.1 million for the building[122] in December 1985 and leased the building's ticker to local newspaper Newsday the next month.[88][123] The ticker displayed headlines, advertising, and weather from 6 a.m. to midnight each day.[88] Israel started converting 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) on the lower stories into the Crossroads Fashion Center, a retail complex designed by Fernando Williams Associates.[124] By then, Park Tower had begun promoting a plan to replace One Times Square with a seven-story building containing an "open staircase running up its middle and a waterfall running over rough stones at its base".[125] City and state officials debated whether to acquire One Times Square through condemnation for several years, but they canceled these plans in 1988 after failing to reach an agreement.[126]

By 1988, Israel had renovated the first two stories for $1 million. In addition, he converted the 11th floor into an amenity area for the building's tenants; the space contained production rooms, a reception area, and a screening room.[127] At the time, the building was known as One Times Square Plaza.[10] Israel and Calmenson refinanced the building in 1989 with a $30 million loan from French bank Banque Arabe Internationale d'Investissement (BAII), and Cofat & Partners bought an equity stake in the building.[122] By then, the zipper was profitable, leading Israel to say: "We have blank exterior walls that are screaming out to be used."[128] The building's owners negotiated to lease additional advertising space on the building to Newsday, but the deal was canceled.[129] Sony agreed to start operating a Jumbotron on the exterior of the tower in 1990;[130][131] the Jumbotron was upgraded in March 1994.[132]

BAII moved to foreclose on the property in 1991, prompting Israel and Calmenson to file for bankruptcy protection in March 1992.[133][129] At the time, the building had 41 tenants but was half vacant.[133] Israel wanted to avoid a foreclosure, as he would be liable for $2 million in taxes if the building were foreclosed upon.[134] Rebecca Rawson was named as the receiver for the bankrupt property.[67] Israel proposed reducing the building's first mortgage in 1993 to avoid foreclosure, but BAII opposed the plan.[122] Newsday stopped operating the building's ticker on December 31, 1994, and declined to renew its lease, believing that it "[didn't] get very much out of that sign" financially.[67][103][109] Publishing company Pearson PLC agreed to operate the zipper three days before Newsday's lease expired,[135][136] using the zipper for news, announcements, and advertisements of its own products.[137]

Lehman Brothers ownership

Banque National de Paris (BNP) bought the building at a foreclosure auction in January 1995 for $25.2 million.[138] The financial services firm Lehman Brothers acquired the building shortly afterward for $27.5 million.[139][140] According to the Times, Lehman Brothers had been "ridiculed" for buying the building at that price.[139] Madame Tussauds, a subsidiary of Pearson PLC, had sought to lease space for a museum in One Times Square but could not reach an agreement with the new owner.[140][141] Lehman Brothers felt that it would be economically inefficient to use the tower as an office building because it was so small, so the firm decided to market the tower as a location for advertising. The entire exterior of One Times Square above the ticker was modified to add a grid frame for mounting billboard signs.[142][143][144] Dow Jones & Company started operating the zipper in June 1995,[145][146] and Dow Jones replaced the zipper in mid-1997, donating part of the old zipper to the Museum of the City of New York.[147]

Sony's Jumbotron operated until 1996. Alongside its use for advertising and news, it was also frequently used by the producers of the late-night talk show Late Show with David Letterman, who could display a live feed from its studio on the screen as well. As a cost-saving measure, Sony declined to renew its lease of the space, leading to the subsequent removal of the Jumbotron in June 1996. Due to its frequent use by Late Show, its producer Rob Burnett jokingly considered the removal of the Jumbotron to be "a sad, sad day for New York."[148] The last office tenants moved out of the building in 1996,[139] and the first electronic billboards were installed the same year.[149] In October 1996, Warner Bros. agreed to lease the building and operate a retail store at the base.[150][151][152] The complex would include a four-story restaurant on the roof.[150] Warner Bros. hired Frank O. Gehry to design the store, and Gehry released his plans in early 1997. The proposal called for gutting the lowest eight stories and replacing the facade with a translucent wire mesh.[153][154]

Jamestown ownership

Late 1990s and 2000s

Lehman Brothers sold One Times Square in June 1997 to Jamestown L.P. for about $110 million, four times more than what Lehman Brothers had paid for the building just two years earlier.[139][155] Sherwood Equities owned a minority stake in the building and was the leasing agent for the retail space.[156] The Warner Bros. store then opened in April 1998, occupying 15,000 square feet (1,400 m2) on three stories.[157][158] The store was known as "1 Toon Square", a reference to its address.[159] In advance of the 1999–2000 New Year's celebrations, the ball atop One Times Square's roof was replaced once again.[160] After a portion of the building's exterior signs collapsed in March 1999, the New York City Department of Buildings ordered that four of the building's billboards be removed.[161]

Time Warner announced in mid-2001 that it would close the Warner Bros. store that October due to a decline in business.[162][163] Time Warner continued to pay rent for the vacant retail space.[164] In 2002, plans were announced for a 7-Eleven convenience store, the Times Square Brewery, and Two Boots Pizza in One Times Square.[165] However, the planned 7-Eleven store was ultimately canceled.[166] Jamestown then repaired 450 panels on the building's facade in the mid-2000s. During this project, one of the facade's panels fell to the ground in 2004, injuring two pedestrians.[167]

Due to the building's small size, it only housed a single office tenant during the 2000s and 2010s: the production company in charge of the Times Square Ball drop.[168] In early 2006, the lower floors were occupied by a pop-up store operated by J. C. Penney and known as The J C. Penney Experience.[169][170] The pharmacy chain Walgreens leased the entire building in 2007,[171][172] paying $4 million yearly. The chain had previously operated a store in the building for four decades until 1970.[156] Walgreens opened a new flagship store in the space in November 2008.[173][174] As part of the store's opening, Gilmore Group designed a digital sign for the facade, constructed by D3 LED. The 17,000-square-foot (1,600 m2) sign ran diagonally up the western and eastern elevations of the building and contained 12 million LEDs, surpassing the nearby Nasdaq MarketSite sign as the largest LED sign in Times Square.[34][175] The sign operated 20 hours a day and advertised Walgreens's products.[173]

2010s to present

 
The building seen in 2017 from one block north

In September 2017, Jamestown unveiled plans to use much of its vacant space. Under the proposal, a museum dedicated to the history of Times Square would be built on the 15th through 17th floors, and the 18th floor would contain a new observatory.[176] At the time, the building's billboards had started to become dated because of the increasing popularity of interactive programming.[177] The ground level would also be renovated to provide an expanded entrance to the New York City Subway's Times Square–42nd Street station, directly underneath the building. Work on the subway entrance was originally supposed to be completed in 2018,[176] but the MTA did not start construction on the 42nd Street Shuttle reconstruction project until August 2019.[178][179][180] As part of the redevelopment of One Times Square, a new 20-foot-wide (6.1 m) staircase entrance with a glass canopy, as well as a new elevator entrance, would be built.[178] The new $40 million station entrance, including the elevator, formally opened in May 2022.[181][182]

Jamestown announced in January 2019 that it planned to renovate the building and lease the upper floors, which at the time were completely blocked by billboards. Jamestown also planned to either terminate Walgreens's lease or reduce the size of the pharmacy.[183][184] The Real Deal magazine estimated that Jamestown was earning $23 million per year from the building's billboards.[183] Later the same year, the individual billboard screens on the front of the tower were replaced by one 350-foot-tall (110 m) Samsung LED display, with a resolution of 1312×7380 pixels. The installation of the screen necessitated the removal of the Zipper.[185][186][187] The Walgreens store at the building's base had closed permanently by 2022.[188]

Jamestown started renovating 1 Times Square in May 2022 at a cost of $500 million.[189][190] To finance the project, Jamestown received a $425 million mortgage from JPMorgan Chase, a building loan of $88.7 million, and a project loan of $39.8 million.[191][192] S9 Architecture designed the renovation, while AECOM and Tishman Construction were the general contractors. The advertising boards on the northern facade remained in place, but the advertisements on the other three facades were removed. The 1960s marble facade would be removed and replaced with a glass curtain wall.[193] The structure would contain only one story of office space after it reopened; the museum would occupy six stories.[168] Technology companies would be able to lease 12 stories for interactive attractions.[168][177] The building's observation deck would be open year-round, and the Times Square Ball would drop several times a day throughout the year.[177] Jamestown would also install a new elevator to the building's observation deck.[176][177] The building would continue to display ads on its northern facade, and it would host New Year's Eve celebrations during the renovation, which was to be completed in 2024.[189][190] The Durst Organization, which owned the neighboring 4 Times Square, sued the city's DOB in July 2022, claiming that the scaffolding around One Times Square would attract crime while worsening congestion on the sidewalk.[194]

Architecture

Eidlitz & McKenzie had originally designed One Times Square in the neo-Gothic style.[195][196] This style was reportedly used because the irregular shape of the site prevented the architects from designing a neoclassical or neo-Renaissance building.[6][8] The Times had described the edifice as being 476 feet (145 m) tall, measured from the deepest basement level to the pinnacle of the tower's flagpole.[197][196] The actual height from street level to roofline was 362 feet 8.75 inches (111 m), making it the city's second tallest office building when it opened, after the Park Row Building.[196][198] Without its tower, the Times Building only measured 228 feet (69 m) tall.[199] David W. Dunlap of the Times wrote that, when the building was completed, it was in his employer's "self-interest to assert that building heights ought to be measured from the lowest level."[198]

Facade

 
Original facade of the building as seen in 1919

When the Times Tower opened, it contained an elaborately decorated facade of limestone and terracotta. The facade's articulation consisted of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column, namely a base, shaft, and capital.[6][195] The facade contained several slightly projecting sections, which indicated the locations of steel columns in the building's superstructure.[6][200] The southern portion of the building extended about 60 feet (18 m) back from 42nd Street and was taller than the northern portion.[6][7] This increased the amount of rentable space, since the southern part of the site was wider.[6][8] The plate glass used in the building weighed 28 short tons (25 long tons; 25 t).[201]

The first three stories were elaborately decorated and were clad entirely in cream-colored Indiana limestone, a material chosen for its durability. There were elaborately carved doorways on both Broadway and Seventh Avenue, as well as a horizontal band course of limestone above the third story.[195] Some of the decoration on the lower levels was made of iron, including the ground-floor windows.[202] The windows at the base were smaller than they normally would have been, thereby giving the impression of massiveness.[6][8] The 4th through 12th stories, comprising the shaft, contained little decoration.[25] These stories were clad in cream-colored brick, which was glazed to resemble the terracotta on the rest of the facade.[195] The upper stories contained extremely ornate terracotta details such as brackets and cornices.[195][202] There were ornamental ironwork window frames above the 12th story.[202][203]

Above the 16th story, the roof of the northern section was made of wire glass.[201] The trapezoidal "tower" above the southern half of the building was designed to resemble a square campanile. Each elevation of this tower contained one arched window flanked by smaller, single windows.[200] Critics compared the tower's detail to that of Giotto's Campanile in Florence.[84][204] Arthur G. Bein of American Architect magazine said: "The architect has been free to reproduce almost exactly Giotto's great machicolated cornice with perforated parapet above."[204] Each corner of the tower contained projecting piers, designed in a manner that resembled turrets.[204] Originally, Eidlitz had planned to build a dome atop the southern part of the building, but he scrapped these plans because of the difficulty in placing a circular dome above an irregular trapezoidal massing.[205]

In 1965, the building's original facade was replaced with 420 concrete and marble panels. Each panel was made of a 5-inch-thick (13 cm) layer of precast concrete covered with a 7⁄8-inch-thick (2.2 cm) layer of white Vermont marble. Twenty of these panels measured 9 by 18 feet (2.7 by 5.5 m) and the other 400 panels measured 9 by 12 feet (2.7 by 3.7 m). The rear of each panel was anchored to the building's superstructure.[206] Progressive Architecture magazine criticized the renovation as "a face-lifting job of thorough-going blandness".[78][80] All four elevations of the facade were covered with billboards in the 1990s.[149] As of 2022, the concrete-and-marble facade of the western, southern, and eastern elevations is being removed and replaced with glass panels.[193]

Structural features

Substructure

The foundation of the building extended 60 feet (18 m) deep and was excavated to the underlying layer of bedrock. It is surrounded by waterproof retaining walls, which are backfilled with a mixture of loose stone and cement.[207] The foundation itself consists of cast-steel footings, above which rise the building's steel columns. The footings each measure 5 by 5 feet (1.5 by 1.5 m) across, and their centers are spaced 17 feet (5.2 m) apart. Each steel footing is placed atop a heavy granite block measuring 8 by 8 feet (2.4 by 2.4 m) across and 2 feet (0.61 m) thick, which in turn rests directly on the underlying bedrock.[208][209] Structural loads from the upper stories are carried down into the footings and then spread across the layer of bedrock, which carries a load of 20 short tons per square foot (280 psi; 1,900 kPa).[24] The retaining walls of the foundation are made of red brick.[201] On the eastern part of the site (where the underlying rock sloped upward), workers built a retaining wall with embedded I-beams, providing additional wind bracing.[209]

The building contains three basement levels, the lowest of which is 55 feet (17 m) deep. The Times Square subway station encroaches on a portion of the first and second basement levels.[208][210] The subway station itself is placed 22 feet (6.7 m) below ground and has a ceiling 10 feet (3.0 m) high.[211] The pillars of the subway tunnel were covered in brick[201] and were placed atop sound-dampening sand cushions, minimizing vibrations caused by passing subway trains.[207][212][209] Part of the superstructure is cantilevered above the subway tunnel, since the city's Rapid Transit Commission forbade any obstructions in subway tunnel's right-of-way.[209][213] The northern wall rests on a 30-short-ton (27-long-ton; 27 t) plate girder above the subway tunnel; at the time of construction, it was the heaviest girder in the world to be installed in an office building.[202][212][214][c] This girder measures 60 feet (18 m) long[215] and consists of a group of three I-beams, which collectively measure 3 feet (0.91 m) wide and 5 feet (1.5 m) high.[202] Seven piers in the basement, each measuring 43 feet (13 m) high, carry the entire structural load of the upper levels;[215] they are encased in Portland cement.[208]

Superstructure

The superstructure contains two-story-tall sections of steel columns. At each story, the columns are connected horizontally by a grid of steel girders.[216] On average, each girder measures 25 feet (7.6 m) long, and there are about 150 pieces of steel used on each story.[24] The seven main structural columns are embedded within the walls on each story.[216] Structural engineers Purdy and Henderson designed three systems of wind bracing for the building.[209][217] The first system consists of the girders on each story, which are welded to the building's columns via gusset plates.[212][217] The building also contains "X"-shaped diagonal bracing, placed within the partitions next to each of the elevator shafts. Between the individual elevator shafts is a system of knee bracing; it consists of diagonal steel bars shaped like a rotated "K", which extend downward from the centers of the horizontal girders.[217] The structural steel frame carried a dead load of 46 pounds per square foot (2.2 kPa).[202]

Originally, the spaces between the girders were spanned by flat arches made of hollow bricks, which were then covered with a layer of cement. Fireproof timber sleepers were then installed atop these flat arches, and a layer of fireproof wood was installed above these sleepers. The finished wooden floor was then installed above the layer of fireproof wood.[216] The partition walls were constructed of square bricks, which were then finished in plaster. The building's elevator shafts were surrounded by walls made of fire-clay, which were then covered with a layer of tiled brick.[216] The superstructure used 82.923 million pounds (41,000 ST; 37,000 LT; 38,000 t) of iron, brick, mortar, terracotta, limestone, masonry, and other materials.[202][214]

Interior

Initially, the entrance on Broadway led to an elevator lobby with decorative pilasters, while the entrance on Seventh Avenue led to an ornamental staircase. The lobby contained a ceiling measuring 15.5 feet (4.7 m) high. The lowest part of the wall contained a marble wainscoting that measured 8 feet (2.4 m) high, while the upper portion of the wall was painted white. The top of the main hall contained a paneled cornice decorated with a shell motif. The floor was made of white mosaic.[218] There were seven oak-framed revolving doors in the building: two at the Broadway entrance to the lobby, one at the 42nd Street entrance, and four leading to the subway station in the basement.[203]

On the first basement level was a pedestrian arcade with several small stores, which ran from street level to the Times Square station's southbound platform.[219] The arcade was closed in 1967 due to high crime,[220] but an archway leading from the station to One Times Square's basement remained visible until the 2000s.[221] The rest of the first basement contained storefronts and the Times's mailing department, while the second basement contained the mailing and repair departments.[208] The third basement is larger than the other basement levels, extending underneath the sidewalk to the curb line on all sides.[207] It covers an area of 17,000 square feet (1,600 m2), three times as large as each of the office stories above.[222] The third basement level contained the pressroom, which was connected via a freight elevator to the second basement.[208] The southern section of the pressroom originally contained four printing presses.[207] The pressroom was illuminated by areaways on 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue, which measured 30 feet (9.1 m) deep and contained glazed-brick cladding.[207] These areaways, as well as the southbound platform of the Times Square station, were covered by glass skylights.[223]

The first twelve stories above ground were rented out to other tenants, except for the New York Times publication office at ground level.[218][224] The 13th through 21st stories contained various departments for The New York Times.[225] Each office was decorated with ornamental cornices and red-oak doors.[218] Offices occupied the northernmost 60 feet (18 m) of the building, which was extremely narrow. In the southern half of the building, a hallway ran down the middle of each story, separating offices to the west and east.[226] These hallways were decorated with white mosaic tile floors and marble wainscoting on the walls.[203] The 16th story, used as a composing room, was the highest story in the northern section of the building. The top six stories, which contained the Times's editorial offices, had windows on all four sides.[226] All offices were located within 23 feet (7.0 m) of a window, and the building was narrow enough that there were no light shafts to provide natural light to interior offices.[200][212] When the building was completed, each office was illuminated by natural light for at least five hours every day.[201]

The former electrical room in the tower's basement serves as a "vault" for the storage of items relating to New Year's Eve celebrations at Times Square, including the ball itself (prior to 2009, when it was replaced with a weatherproofed version that is displayed atop the tower year-round), spare parts, numeral signage and other memorabilia.[227] A room near the top of the tower likewise contains the ball's electronics, including its lighting controller and winch.[228][229]

Mechanical features

Stairs and elevators were placed on the western side of the building,[226] and there were restrooms on each story next to the stairs and elevators.[230] When the building was constructed, it had seven elevators and over a hundred other motorized appliances, including printing presses, pumps, and fans.[231][232] Of these, five elevators were for passengers and two were for freight.[233] Two of the building's elevators (one passenger and one freight) ran from the basement to the top story, while the other elevators only ran to the 16th story.[234] Although all the passenger elevators could travel at 500 feet per minute (150 m/min), one of these elevators could also be used to transport heavy equipment and could be slowed down to 25 feet per minute (7.6 m/min), thereby doubling its carrying capacity.[233] The elevator cabs were originally copper cages with mirrors on each wall.[235]

The building contained two boilers, which were each capable of 200 horsepower (150 kW). Steam risers distributed heat from the boilers to 542 radiators.[201] Water from the New York City water supply system was drawn into the basement and filtered at a rate of 250 US gallons (950 L) per minute. The filtered water was then pumped up to the 23rd floor and distributed to other stories.[223] In case of a fire, there was a 10,000-US-gallon (38,000 L) water tank in the basement and two 3,000-US-gallon (11,000 L) tanks on the 23rd floor.[236] Three sewage pumps, with a combined capacity of 600 US gallons (2,300 L), were used to pump wastewater out of the building.[203] In addition, there was a gas pipe extending from the cellar to the 16th floor.[223]

Outdoor air was drawn into an air-intake opening at street level and through air filters in the basement; the filtered air was then distributed to the offices. On the Seventh Avenue side of the building was a 389-foot-tall (119 m) ventilation pipe, which faced the building's outer wall and was surrounded by the stairs, elevators, and restrooms on each floor. During the summer, a large electric fan pushed stale air upward through the ventilation pipe.[230] The building also contained 2,400 electrical outlets and over 6,200 lamps.[201][202] The offices were illuminated by 150 ornate chandeliers on the 2nd through 14th floors.[223] There originally were 74 miles (119 km) of electrical wires and 21 miles (34 km) of electrical conduits in the building.[202][214]

Billboards

One Times Square's first electronic billboards were installed in 1996. A Cup Noodles billboard with steam effects was added to the front of the tower, later accompanied by an animated Budweiser sign. In October, a 55-foot video screen sponsored by ITT Corporation was introduced to the top of the tower, which would feature video advertisements and community service announcements.[149][237] In December 1996, a Panasonic display operated by NBC known as Astrovision was introduced as a replacement for Sony's Jumbotron at the base of the tower.[238][34]

Filings related to the building's 1997 sale revealed that the billboards on the tower had been generating a net revenue of $7 million yearly,[139] representing a 300% profit.[239] Sherwood Equities president Brian Turner estimated in 2005 that over 200 million people saw the Times Square Ball drop at the building every year.[240] With growing tourism and high traffic in the Times Square area (with a yearly average of over 100 million pedestrians—alongside its prominence in media coverage of New Year's festivities, seen by a wide audience yearly), annual revenue from the signs grew to over $23 million by the year 2012—rivaling London's Piccadilly Circus as the most valuable public advertising space in the world.[241][242]

Advertisers

 
The redesigned roof of One Times Square as seen on December 30, 2012, now featuring the New Year's ball as a permanent addition

From 1996 to 2006, Nissin Foods operated a Cup Noodles billboard with smoke effects (an effect that had also been used by other Times Square billboards, such as the Camel Cigarettes sign).[149] The Cup Noodles billboard was replaced in 2006 by a General Motors billboard featuring a Chevrolet branded clock. Due to cutbacks resulting from GM's bankruptcy and re-organization, the Chevrolet Clock was removed in 2009 and eventually replaced by a Kia Motors advertisement billboard. This billboard was itself replaced in 2010 by a Dunkin' Donuts display.[243]

In 1998, Discover Card replaced ITT Corporation as the operator and sponsor of the topmost screen on One Times Square as part of a ten-year deal. The deal came alongside the announcement that Discover Card would be an official sponsor of Times Square's 1999–2000 festivities.[243]

News Corporation (later renamed 21st Century Fox) replaced NBC as the operator and sponsor of the Astrovision screen in 2006.[244] Sony returned to One Times Square in 2010, replacing the News Corp. Panasonic screen with a new high-definition LED display.[245]

In December 2007, Toshiba took over sponsorship of the top-most screen of One Times Square from Discover Card in a 10-year lease.[246] The screen displayed not only Toshiba products but also videos about tourism in Japan.[247] In 2008, upgrades to the upper portion of One Times Square commenced, including the installation of new Toshiba high-definition LED displays (known as ToshibaVision), and the redesign of its roof to accommodate a larger New Year's Eve ball, which became a year-round fixture of the building beginning in 2009.[227][248] Toshiba announced that it would end its One Times Square sponsorship in early 2018, citing ongoing cost-cutting measures.[247][249][250]

References

Notes

  1. ^ This was one of four northward-facing plots south of 59th Street that were formed by the convergence of Broadway, another avenue, and a crosstown street. The Flatiron Building was built on the triangular plot south of Madison Square, at 23rd Street and Fifth Avenue. A park was built on the plot south of Herald Square, at 34th Street and Sixth Avenue. The curved site south of Columbus Circle, at 59th Street and Eighth Avenue, is now occupied by 2 Columbus Circle.[8]
  2. ^ Now 3 Times Square, 4 Times Square, 5 Times Square, and Times Square Tower
  3. ^ Larger girders were used above the Colonial Theatre in Boston.[215]

Citations

  1. ^ . CTBUH Skyscraper Database. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 2016. Archived from the original on November 17, 2016.
  2. ^ . CTBUH Skyscraper Database. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. 2016. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016.
  3. ^ . Emporis. 2016. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "1475 Broadway, 10036". New York City Department of City Planning. from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
  5. ^ a b White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Landau & Condit 1996, p. 312.
  7. ^ a b "A New Building for the New York Times; Plans for a Monumental Structure on Long Acre Square. The Architectural and Other Features of the Building Which Is Being Erected at the New Centre of Travel and Activity on Manhattan Island". The New York Times. June 27, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS7.
  9. ^ a b "Allied Chemical Wins Times Square Address". The New York Times. September 7, 1966. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  10. ^ a b Dunlap, David W. (July 15, 1990). "Addresses in Times Square Signal Prestige, if Not Logic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  11. ^ "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Times Sq-42 St (S)". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2018. from the original on August 29, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  12. ^ "New Subway Company Buys Broadway Site; The Deal May Foreshadow Station Changes at 42d Street". The New York Times. April 25, 1901. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  13. ^ a b c "A New Home for the New York Times; The Newspaper to Move Up Town Early in 1904. It Is to Have a Modern Steel-Construction Building on the Triangle at Broadway, Seventh Avenue and West 42d Street". The New York Times. August 4, 1902. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  14. ^ "Found Place Where Young Bought Trunk; Dealer and His Son Say Purchaser Was Clean Shaven". The New York Times. September 25, 1902. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  15. ^ a b Talese, Gay (August 24, 1963). "Times Square Loses Name That Abided 60 Years; Immortalization in Granite Proves All Too Mortal Refacing of Times Tower to Remove Thorley 'Plaques' A Budding Career Lease at $4,000 a Year". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  16. ^ a b c "Douglas Leigh New Owner: 'Times' Sells Times Tower; Exhibition Hall Is Planned". New York Herald Tribune. March 16, 1961. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1326871256.
  17. ^ Dunlap, David W. (March 17, 1999). "Former Times Building Is Named a Landmark". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on June 5, 2020. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  18. ^ (Former) New York Times Building (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. March 16, 1999. p. 6. (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  19. ^ a b c New York Times Building (originally the Times Annex) (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. April 24, 2001. pp. 2–3. (PDF) from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  20. ^ "Leases—Borough of Manhattan". The Real Estate Record: Real estate record and builders' guide. Vol. 70, no. 1795. August 9, 1902. p. 209. from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022 – via columbia.edu.
  21. ^ Hood, Clifton (1978). "The Impact of the IRT in New York City" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record. p. 182. (PDF) from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2020.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  22. ^ a b "New Home for "The Times": It Announces Plans for Its Uptown Building". New-York Tribune. August 4, 1902. p. 7. ProQuest 571264569.
  23. ^ a b c New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS18.
  24. ^ a b c "Enormous Weight of Modern Structures; Uneven Pressures to Contend With in the New Times Building. Skeleton Frame Going Up at the Rate of About Three Stories a Week – How All the Steel Is Tested". The New York Times. November 29, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  25. ^ a b "New Times Building Cornerstone Laid; Bishop Henry C. Potter Invokes Blessings on the Structure". The New York Times. January 19, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  26. ^ "Bishop Potter at the Ceremony: Offers Prayer at Laying of Cornerstone of New Times Building". New-York Tribune. January 19, 1904. p. 6. ProQuest 571528689.
  27. ^ "To Be Called Times Square; Aldermen Vote to Rename Long Acre Square, Site of New Times Building". The New York Times. April 6, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  28. ^ "Stop Building Work: Seventeen Unions Represented in New York Strike". The Washington Post. August 2, 1904. p. 5. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 144508368.
  29. ^ "Big Strike in New York: Work Stopped on a Number of Important Buildings". The Hartford Courant. August 2, 1904. p. 1. ProQuest 555246037.
  30. ^ New York Times Building Supplement 1905, pp. BS18–BS19.
  31. ^ "Election Results by Times Building Flash; Steady Light Westward – Roosevelt; Eastward – Parker". The New York Times. November 6, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  32. ^ "To-day's Times Issued From Its New Home; Delicate Task of Removal Was Well Completed". The New York Times. January 2, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  33. ^ Brainerd, Gordon (2006). Bell Bottom Boys. Infinity Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 9780741433992. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  34. ^ a b c d e f Crump, William D. (2014). Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide. McFarland. p. 242. ISBN 9781476607481. from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  35. ^ a b c d Boxer, Sarah B. (December 31, 2007). . CNN. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014.
  36. ^ "Great Drug Store to Be in the Times Building; Hegeman & Co. to Have One of the Largest in the World". The New York Times. July 31, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  37. ^ "News Will Be Plashed from the Tower of The Times Building on Tuesday Night". The New York Times. November 5, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  38. ^ "Music by Wireless to the Times Tower; Telephone Messages Also Received Through the Ether". The New York Times. March 8, 1907. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  39. ^ a b c McKendry, Joe (2011). One Times Square: A Century of Change at the Crossroads of the World. David R. Godine Publisher. pp. 10–14. ISBN 9781567923643. from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  40. ^ a b c Lankevich, George J. (2001). Postcards from Times Square. Square One Publishers. p. 20. ISBN 9780757001000. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  41. ^ Nash, Eric P. (December 30, 2001). "F.Y.I." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  42. ^ "What's Your Problem?". Newsday. December 30, 1965. p. 48. from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  43. ^ "Watch the Times Tower; The Descent of an Electric Ball Will Mark the Arrival of 1908 To-night". The New York Times. December 31, 1907. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  44. ^ "Times Tower Gets Porto Rico Message; New Wireless Receiver Intercepts Dispatch After Other Stations Failed to Take It". The New York Times. January 18, 1908. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  45. ^ "The Times to Flash Election Results; North Means "Taft," South "Bryan," West "Hughes," and East "Chanler"". The New York Times. November 2, 1908. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  46. ^ "Loti Amazed by Times Tower View; Tells in His Impressions of New York How the City Frightened and Fascinated Him". The New York Times. February 23, 1913. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  47. ^ "New York's Marvels Awe Sultan of Sulu; Kiram II. and His Suite Greatly Impressed by the View of the City from The Times Tower". The New York Times. September 25, 1910. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  48. ^ "A Times Annex Near Times Square; Building 143 by 100 Is to be Constructed to Meet This Paper's Needs". The New York Times. March 29, 1911. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
  49. ^ The Times Annex: A Wonderful Workshop. The New York Times Company. 1913. p. 27.
  50. ^ "The "New York Times"". The Hartford Courant. February 4, 1913. p. 8. ProQuest 555973270.
  51. ^ Ouroussoff, Nicolai (November 20, 2007). "Pride and Nostalgia Mix in The Times's New Home". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  52. ^ . The Telegraph. London. July 27, 2011. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016.
  53. ^ a b c Long, Tony (November 6, 2008). . Wired. Archived from the original on November 9, 2008.
  54. ^ (PDF) (Press release). The New York Times Company. November 16, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 27, 2008.
  55. ^ "Times Tower Fire Still a Mystery; Inspection Turns Up No Clue to Fatal Blaze's Origin". The New York Times. November 25, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  56. ^ "Beacon on Times Building; Neon Light, Visible for 50 Miles, Adds to Brilliance of Square". The New York Times. September 1, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  57. ^ a b c d "Huge Times Sign Will Flash News; Electric Bulletin Board, Used for the Election, Will Be in Nightly Operation". The New York Times. November 8, 1928. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  58. ^ "14,800 Bulbs Give News to New York". The Gazette. November 9, 1928. p. 13. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  59. ^ a b "The Times' Famous News Sign Will Be 20 Years Old Saturday; Among First Moving Electric Bulletins Was Description of President Hoover's Election -- Many Momentous Stories Told". The New York Times. November 2, 1948. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  60. ^ Young, Greg; Meyers, Tom (2016). The Bowery Boys: Adventures in Old New York: An Unconventional Exploration of Manhattan's Historic Neighborhoods, Secret Spots and Colorful Characters. Ulysses Press. p. 289. ISBN 9781612435763. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  61. ^ a b Poulin, Richard (2012). Graphic Design and Architecture, A 20th Century History: A Guide to Type, Image, Symbol, and Visual Storytelling in the Modern World. Rockport Publishers. p. 53. ISBN 9781592537792. from the original on October 10, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  62. ^ "The Times Electric News Sign Goes Dark Under New Dimout, Probably for Duration". The New York Times. May 19, 1942. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  63. ^ "Election Result Signals Of Times Banned by War". The New York Times. November 1, 1942. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  64. ^ Walker, Danton (October 22, 1943). "Broadway". Daily News. p. 129. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  65. ^ a b "Times to Stop News Sign Today as 'Brownout' Aid". The New York Times. November 1, 1943. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  66. ^ Watson, John (November 2, 1943). "Broadway Coyly Tests Brilliance As Dimout Ends: Some Theaters Blaze Forth, but Patches of Gloom Cloud First-Night Glory When the Lights Went On Again All Over New York". New York Herald Tribune. p. 38. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1284445041.
  67. ^ a b c d Gelder, Lawrence Van (December 11, 1994). "Lights Out for Times Square News Sign?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on May 8, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  68. ^ "The Times Electric Sign Attraction for Many Eyes". The New York Times. August 15, 1945. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  69. ^ "Times Sq. Getting Vote Result Sign; 85-Foot Electric Indicator on Times Tower Will Give Returns at a Glance". The New York Times. October 24, 1952. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  70. ^ "Times' Lighted 'Thermometer' Will Give the Election Returns". The New York Times. November 4, 1956. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  71. ^ Asbury, Edith Evans (November 22, 1957). "Landmark Signs Dedicated Here; 20 Are first of Many That Will Mark Historical and Architectural Sites". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
  72. ^ a b "Times Tower Sold for Exhibit Hall; Douglas Leigh Buys 24-Story Building in the Square". The New York Times. March 16, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  73. ^ a b "Times Tower Building In Times Square Sold To Allied Chemical: Firm Will Remodel Facility But Maintain the Traditions Of New York City Landmark". Wall Street Journal. April 17, 1963. p. 5. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 132873722.
  74. ^ "Third Body Found in Times Sq. Fire; Porter as Well as 2 Firemen Died in Times Tower Blaze". The New York Times. November 24, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  75. ^ "Times Tower Fire is Laid to Smoking; Cavanagh Says Blaze Began in Storeroom for Toys". The New York Times. December 19, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  76. ^ a b "Headlines Again Circle Former Times Tower". The New York Times. March 9, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  77. ^ a b Ennis, Thomas W. (April 17, 1963). "Old Times Tower to Get New Face; 26-Story Building Will Be Stripped and Recovered in Glass and Marble". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  78. ^ a b "A la Recherche du TIMES Perdu" (PDF). Progressive Architecture. Vol. 44. May 1963. p. 82. (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  79. ^ "Benjamin Bailyn Is Dead at 55; Architect of the Allied Tower". The New York Times. July 23, 1967. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  80. ^ a b c d e Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial. New York: Monacelli Press. p. 1103. ISBN 1-885254-02-4. OCLC 32159240.
  81. ^ "Modernization Project Begins on Times Tower". The New York Times. October 29, 1963. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  82. ^ "Times Tower Due New Face: Structure Being Built on Original Framework". The Sun. February 24, 1964. p. 6. ProQuest 540133645.
  83. ^ "Times Tower Box of 1904 Unsealed". The New York Times. March 18, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  84. ^ a b c Huxtable, Ada Louise (March 20, 1964). "Architecture: That Midtown Tower Standing Naked in the Wind: Skyscraper Buffs See Antique Skeleton Fancy Steel Framing Elaborated by Rivets". The New York Times. p. 30. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 115725139.
  85. ^ Ennis, Thomas W. (January 31, 1965). "Marble-Clad Buildings Brighten Midtown Manhattan". The New York Times. p. R1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 116760160.
  86. ^ "Allied Tower Makes False Start on Facade". The New York Times. August 4, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  87. ^ Gray, Christopher (November 28, 2014). "A Home for the Headlines". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on June 21, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  88. ^ a b c "Electronic News Bulletins To Return to Times Square". Wall Street Journal. January 20, 1986. p. 1. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398033841.
  89. ^ "Highest Electric Signs In Times Sq. Go On Today". The New York Times. July 23, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  90. ^ Buckley, Thomas (December 3, 1965). "Allied's Times Square Tower Dedicated by Gov. Rockefeller; Allied's Times Square Tower Dedicated by Gov. Rockefeller". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  91. ^ "Old N.Y. Times Tower keeps up tradition". The Christian Science Monitor. December 17, 1965. p. 11. ProQuest 510762391.
  92. ^ Lippa, Si (July 27, 1966). "Focus…: Allied Chemical: Tower of Strength: Do Additional Fabrics Loom In Allied Chemical's Future?". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 113, no. 18. pp. 1, 45. ProQuest 1523514401.
  93. ^ "Allied Chemical Tower To Get an English Cafe". The New York Times. April 12, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  94. ^ Claiborne, Craig (August 22, 1966). "Dining in a Modern Tower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  95. ^ "Fashion Rtw: Allied Tower Reported For Sale". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 125, no. 56. September 21, 1972. p. 19. ProQuest 1523642418.
  96. ^ a b c Stetson, Damon (October 10, 1972). "'For Sale' Sign Is Posted At Allied Chemical Tower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  97. ^ a b c d "Developer Rents Allieds' Tower In Times Square". The Hartford Courant. November 1, 1973. p. 55. ProQuest 551980429.
  98. ^ Tomasson, Robert E. (October 31, 1973). "Lessee Will Put Exhibits In Times Square Tower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  99. ^ a b Tomasson, Robert E. (November 18, 1973). "An Innovator Goes to Work in Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  100. ^ a b "Times Tower Sign To Get Good News". The Washington Post. April 2, 1974. p. A14. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 146202415.
  101. ^ a b c d Kaiser, Charles (May 15, 1975). "A Glittery Times Sq. Tower Due". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  102. ^ a b Randall, Gabrielan (2000). Times Square and 42nd Street in Vintage Postcards. Arcadia Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 9780738504285. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  103. ^ a b c d Bloom, Ken (2013). Broadway: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 530. ISBN 9781135950194. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  104. ^ a b c Josephs, Lawrence (January 3, 1982). "A New Owner Takes the Reins in Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  105. ^ a b "A Prismatic Tower". The Washington Post. May 15, 1975. p. D2. ISSN 0190-8286. ProQuest 146376858.
  106. ^ "Mirrors Will Sheathe Times Square Tower". The New York Times. May 15, 1975. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  107. ^ Asbury, Edith Evans (March 3, 1976). "Mayor and Mouse Open One Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  108. ^ Doughtery, Philip H. (October 11, 1976). "Advertising: An Addition to Times Square". The New York Times. p. 5. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 122847653.
  109. ^ a b Sagalyn, Lynne B. (2003). Times Square Roulette: Remaking the City Icon. MIT Press. p. 323. ISBN 9780262692953. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  110. ^ a b Horsley, Carter B. (November 15, 1979). "Razing of One Skyscraper to Build 3 New Ones Proposed in Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  111. ^ Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 681.
  112. ^ Goldberger, Paul (February 27, 1981). "Latest Times Sq. Proposal: Why It May Succeed: An Appraisal Renovation of Times Tower Proposed". The New York Times. p. B4. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 121804824.
  113. ^ Horsley, Carter B. (July 1, 1981). "42d St. Plan Would Add Towers, Theaters and 'Bright Lights': Plans for 42d St. Would Add Theaters and 'Bright Lights'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  114. ^ a b c Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006, p. 684.
  115. ^ Goldberger, Paul (December 21, 1983). "4 New Towers for Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  116. ^ Gottlieb, Martin (November 29, 1983). "Developer Seeks to Tear Down Times Sq. Tower". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  117. ^ Spiegelman, Arthur (January 5, 1984). "Time's running out for this landmark". South China Morning Post. p. 15. ProQuest 1553940873.
  118. ^ Depalma, Anthony (July 11, 1984). "About Real Estate; One Times Square, Its Future Unsure, is Sold Again". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  119. ^ Anderson, Susan Heller; Bird, David (June 15, 1984). "New York Day by Day". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  120. ^ Anderson, Susan Heller; Dunlap, David W. (December 18, 1984). "New York Day by Day; Objections on Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  121. ^ Gottlieb, Martin (March 3, 1985). "Civic Groups Assail Makeup Of Times Tower Committee". The New York Times. p. 34. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 111225579.
  122. ^ a b c Grant, Peter (May 3, 1993). "Ball could drop on One Times Sq. lender". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 9, no. 18. p. 4. ProQuest 219173143.
  123. ^ "Sign of the Times for NY Newsday". Newsday. January 17, 1986. p. 6. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  124. ^ Kennedy, Shawn G. (March 12, 1986). "Real Estate; Times Sq. Tower's Renewal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  125. ^ Goldberger, Paul (August 15, 1986). "An Appraisal; Times Sq. Bell Tower: the Wrong Centerpiece". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  126. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (July 2, 1988). "Reprieve for a Famed Tower on Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  127. ^ Robbins, Jim (June 8, 1988). "Pictures: New State-Of-The-Art Facilities For No. 1 Times Square Structure". Variety. Vol. 331, no. 7. p. 7. ProQuest 1438491962.
  128. ^ McCain, Mark (April 9, 1989). "Commercial Property: Times Sq. Signage; A Mandated Comeback for the Great White". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  129. ^ a b Wax, Alan J. (March 14, 1992). "1 Times Square in Bankruptcy". Newsday. p. 15. from the original on September 4, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  130. ^ "Sony to Polish Image with Video Display for Times Square". Wall Street Journal. October 12, 1990. p. B4B. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398189556.
  131. ^ Ramirez, Anthony (October 11, 1990). "The Media Business: Advertising - Addenda; Sony to Help Make Times Square Brighter". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  132. ^ Howe, Marvine (March 13, 1994). "Neighborhood Report: Midtown; For Times Square Couch Potatoes . . ". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  133. ^ a b Ravo, Nick (March 14, 1992). "Times Square Landmark Files in Bankruptcy". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  134. ^ Grant, Peter (June 7, 1993). "N.Y., feds make foreclosure less taxing". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 9, no. 23. p. 13. ProQuest 219143472.
  135. ^ Martin, Douglas (December 30, 1994). "Times Sq. Flash: ***ZIPPER SAVED***". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  136. ^ "Pearson will keep 'zipper' running at Times Square". Wall Street Journal. December 30, 1994. p. C6. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398558205.
  137. ^ Lambert, Bruce (January 8, 1995). "Neighborhood Report: Midtown; The 'Zipper' Is Speaking a New Language". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  138. ^ "Bank Buys Building Where the Ball Drops". The New York Times. January 26, 1995. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  139. ^ a b c d e Bagli, Charles V. (June 19, 1997). "Tower in Times Sq., Billboards and All, Earns 400% Profit". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  140. ^ a b "Wrangle kills plan for US Madame Tussaud's". South China Morning Post. March 29, 1995. p. 65. ProQuest 1535995762.
  141. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (March 23, 1995). "Madame Tussaud's Loses Bidding War and Drops Times Sq. Plan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  142. ^ Levi, Vicki Gold; Heller, Steven (2004). Times Square Style: Graphics from the Great White Way. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. p. 9. ISBN 9781568984902. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  143. ^ Brill, Louis M. "Signage in the crossroads of the world". SignIndustry. from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  144. ^ Holusha, John. "Times Square Signs: For the Great White Way, More Glitz". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  145. ^ "Dow Jones taking over news 'zipper'". Portsmouth Daily Times. Associated Press. June 10, 1995. p. B8. Archived from the original on February 16, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
  146. ^ "Dow Jones will operate Times Square 'zipper' sign". Wall Street Journal. June 9, 1995. p. A5. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398448932.
  147. ^ Chen, David W. (May 6, 1997). "Times Sq. Sign Turns Corner Into Silence". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  148. ^ Lueck, Thomas J. (May 17, 1996). "Less Glitter on Times Square: No More Jumbotron". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 3, 2009. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  149. ^ a b c d Collins, Glenn (January 18, 1996). "The Media Business: Advertising; How do you get your message across among the Times Square throng? Try turning up the steam". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  150. ^ a b Grant, Peter (October 17, 1996). "Warner zips up deal". New York Daily News. p. 760. from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  151. ^ "Warner Bros. Said to Eye Store Site in Times Square". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 172, no. 84. October 31, 1996. p. 22. ProQuest 1445768894.
  152. ^ Johnson, Kirk (November 16, 1996). "Bugs Bunny Is New Tenant At 1 Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  153. ^ Muschamp, Herbert (April 7, 1997). "A Chance for an Architect to Let His Imagination Run Free". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  154. ^ Cramer, Ned (May 1997). "Times Square Striptease" (PDF). Journal of the American Institute of Architects. Vol. 86. p. 49.
  155. ^ Alva, Marilyn (December 1, 1997). "Germans leading influx of foreign-borne money". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 13, no. 48. p. 23. ProQuest 219155738.
  156. ^ a b Pristin, Terry (March 12, 2008). "A Homecoming for a Former Times Square Fixture". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  157. ^ Pristin, Terry (April 21, 1998). "Metro Business; 1 Times Square Store For Warner Brothers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  158. ^ Moin, David (April 21, 1998). "Warner Bros, To Cut Loose In Its Times Square Store". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 175, no. 75. p. 8. ProQuest 1445681456.
  159. ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (April 26, 1998). "With Bugs's Debut, It's Toons Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  160. ^ Goodnough, Abby (December 29, 1998). "Here Comes 2000, With Sponsors, Too; Official Products in the Right Place: Millennial Partying in Times Sq". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 22, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  161. ^ MacFarquhar, Neil (March 20, 1999). "After Sign Falls in Wind, City Orders Others Moved". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  162. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (July 12, 2001). "Bugs Bunny Is Losing His Times Square Home in October". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  163. ^ "Warner Bros. Studio Stores to Close". The Los Angeles Times. July 7, 2001. p. 42. from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
  164. ^ Muto, Sheila (December 31, 2003). "Plots & Ploys". Wall Street Journal. p. B.6. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 398911570.
  165. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (June 8, 2002). "Sweet on Times Square, Hershey Is to Open Store". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  166. ^ Wilgoren, Jodi (July 13, 2003). "Business; In the Urban 7-Eleven, the Slurpee Looks Sleeker". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  167. ^ Ramirez, Anthony (August 20, 2004). "Slab of Building Facade Falls, Injuring 2 People in Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  168. ^ a b c Velsey, Kim (May 6, 2022). "One Times Square, Long Empty, Will Now Bring the Billboards Inside". Curbed. from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  169. ^ "What's Really Inside". The Village Voice. March 7, 2006. from the original on December 30, 2012. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
  170. ^ Power, Denise (March 3, 2006). "J.C. Penney Experience Pops With Technology". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 191, no. 46. p. 22. ProQuest 231110770.
  171. ^ Jonas, Ilaina (November 21, 2007). "Walgreens to return to New York's Times Square". Reuters. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  172. ^ "Walgreens returns to 1 Times Square". Real Estate Weekly. May 14, 2008. from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  173. ^ a b Elliott, Stuart (November 20, 2008). "An Ad Network in Times Square". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 12, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  174. ^ "Walgreens opens doors in Times Square". Drug Store News. Vol. 30, no. 15. December 8, 2008. pp. 1, 8. ProQuest 204759199.
  175. ^ Collins, Glenn (May 24, 2008). "How to Stand Out in Times Square? Build a Bigger and Brighter Billboard". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  176. ^ a b c Chen, Jackson (September 28, 2017). . DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  177. ^ a b c d Chaffin, Joshua (May 6, 2022). "New York icon is reinvented as a 21st century 'interactive portal'". Financial Times. from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  178. ^ a b "MTA to Transform 42 St Shuttle to Provide Better Service, Fully Accessible Crosstown Transit Connection". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2, 2019. from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  179. ^ Ricciulli, Valeria (August 2, 2019). "MTA will overhaul century-old 42nd Street shuttle". Curbed NY. from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  180. ^ Gartland, Michael (August 2, 2019). "42nd Street shuttle to get facelift; three-year project starts Aug. 16". New York Daily News. from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
  181. ^ Nessen, Stephen (May 17, 2022). "New Times Square subway entrance includes an elevator — and the largest mosaic in the system". gothamist.com. from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  182. ^ "MTA unveils new Times Square subway entrance". ABC7 New York. May 16, 2022. from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 19, 2022.
  183. ^ a b Rebong, Kevin (January 29, 2019). "New York's most viewed building is getting a facelift". The Real Deal New York. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  184. ^ "Landlord to redevelop most viewed building in the world". Crain's New York Business. January 29, 2019. from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  185. ^ Lo, Jasper K. "Big, bold, wild and fun – Times Square billboards entertain a digital world". New York Daily News. from the original on November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
  186. ^ Campos, Guy (August 20, 2019). "350-foot high LED wall relaunched in New York". AV Magazine. from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
  187. ^ Young, Michael (May 19, 2019). "One Times Square's 300-Foot-Long LED Screen Nearly Completed, in Times Square". New York YIMBY. from the original on February 16, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2020. Another significant part of the exterior that was removed was the "zipper." This was the first of its kind in the world to display moving words for almost 90 years and was placed near the base of the tower
  188. ^ Beling, Sarah (April 7, 2022). "From Satan's Circus to Glittering Ball Drops to Walgreens — the Evolution of One Times Square". W42ST. from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  189. ^ a b Adcroft, Patrick (May 6, 2022). "One Times Square to undergo $500 million renovation". Spectrum News NY1 New York City. from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  190. ^ a b Novini, Rana; Smith, Romney (May 6, 2022). "NYC Mayor Eric Adams Announces $500M Times Square Redevelopment". NBC New York. from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  191. ^ Dilakian, Steven (May 13, 2022). "Jamestown Lands $425M for One Times Square Redevelopment". The Real Deal New York. from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  192. ^ Young, Celia (May 12, 2022). "Jamestown Snags $425M for One Times Square Redevelopment". Commercial Observer. from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  193. ^ a b "Billboard Removal and Transformation of One Times Square Progresses in Midtown, Manhattan". New York YIMBY. June 16, 2022. from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
  194. ^ Garber, Nick (August 1, 2022). "New Times Square Scaffolding Lets Criminals Corner Tourists: Lawsuit". Midtown-Hell's Kitchen, NY Patch. from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  195. ^ a b c d e "Intricate Work of Decoration; Designing Exterior Details of New Times Building. Regard Must Be Had for Both Color and Architectural Features – Preparing the Stone and Terra Cotta". The New York Times. December 20, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  196. ^ a b c Landau & Condit 1996, p. 309.
  197. ^ New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS3.
  198. ^ a b Dunlap, David W. (April 24, 2015). "1905 - Times Building Is the Tallest in the City (With a Big Asterisk)". The New York Times. from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  199. ^ "New York's Lofty Office Buildings: the Tallest and the Narrowest Now Being Completed in New York-- Wonderful Feats of Construction". The Construction News. Vol. 18, no. 25. December 17, 1904. p. 436. ProQuest 128400674.
  200. ^ a b c New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS8.
  201. ^ a b c d e f g New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS21.
  202. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Materials Used in the New York Times Building". The Construction News. Vol. 19, no. 13. April 1, 1905. p. 233. ProQuest 128409982.
  203. ^ a b c d New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS23.
  204. ^ a b c Bein, Arthur G. (February 16, 1910). "Famous Prototypes of New York Towers". The American Architect. Vol. 97, no. 1782. p. 81. ProQuest 124670436.
  205. ^ "Problems That Come With Skyscrapers; Interior Irregularities Must Be Hidden by Outward Symmetry. Difficulties of This Sort Met in the New Times Building – Why a Tower Replaced a Dome". The New York Times. November 22, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  206. ^ "Old Times Tower Will Be Enclosed By Marble Panels". The New York Times. August 2, 1964. p. 249. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 115884348.
  207. ^ a b c d e "Sub-surface Problems in Structural Work; Some Facts About the Unseen Part of The Times Building. How Solid Rock is Made Stronger – How "Sand Cushions," Are Formed – Solving Problems of Ventilation". The New York Times. November 15, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  208. ^ a b c d e "Foundations of the New Times Building; Structure One of Interesting Details Below the Curb Line. Cast Steel Bases for Columns – Protection Against Dampness and Corosion – "Sand Cushions" to Prevent Vibration". The New York Times. October 11, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  209. ^ a b c d e Lawrence, Charles H. (June 16, 1906). "Structural Problems in the New York Times Building". The Construction News. Vol. 21, no. 24. p. 463. ProQuest 128405015.
  210. ^ Architectural Record 1903, p. 330.
  211. ^ Architectural Record 1903, pp. 330–331.
  212. ^ a b c d Landau & Condit 1996, p. 313.
  213. ^ Landau & Condit 1996, pp. 312–313.
  214. ^ a b c "Notable Edition Marks Times Building Opening; Story of Great Structure Told in Special Supplement". The New York Times. December 31, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  215. ^ a b c "Illustrations: the "Times" Building, Longacre Square, New York, N. Y.". The American Architect and Building News. Vol. 87, no. 1536. June 3, 1905. p. 179. ProQuest 124648830.
  216. ^ a b c d "Floor Space Division in Big Structures; Interior Structural Details in the New Times Building. Partitions Now a Matter of Utility, Not of Strength – No Exposed Columns – Laying the Floor Arches". The New York Times. December 6, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved August 6, 2022.
  217. ^ a b c "Wind-bracing in New Times Building; Fiercest Gales Will Have No Terrors for the Structure. Three Types of Diagonal Strengthening Will Give Great Stability – Other Details". The New York Times. October 18, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 18, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  218. ^ a b c "Interior of the New Times Building; Decorative Features to be Prominent in the New Structure. How the Great Foundations Will Add to the Strength of the Upper Portion – Unusual Facilities for Light". The New York Times. October 25, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  219. ^ "Arcade to Be Feature in the Times Building; Lively Business Thoroughfare to be Made Under Ground. Booths to Flank the Corridors Leading to the Subway Station – Show Windows Along the Platform". The New York Times. January 17, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
  220. ^ "Times Sq. Subway Arcade Shut, Making a Belated End of Stores". The New York Times. July 2, 1967. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
  221. ^ Dunlap, David W. (March 28, 2004). "1904-2004; Crossroads of the Whirl". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  222. ^ "Underground Room in New Times Building; Press Facilities Sixty-five Feet Below the Street. A Month Needed to Set Up Delicate Machinery – Area Below Ground – Handling the Papers". The New York Times. January 24, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  223. ^ a b c d New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS22.
  224. ^ Landau & Condit 1996, p. 311.
  225. ^ New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS6.
  226. ^ a b c "Interior Plans of New Times Building; Location Will Insure Abundance of Natural Light. Arrangement of Windows One of the Problems That Has Come with the Modern Skyscraper". The New York Times. December 27, 1903. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  227. ^ a b Barron, James (December 30, 2009). "When Party Is Over, the Ball Lands Here". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on January 25, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  228. ^ Bousquette, Isabelle (December 30, 2021). "The New Year's Eve Ball Will Drop, Covid or Not, if John Trowbridge Has His Way". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. from the original on June 11, 2022. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  229. ^ Balkin, Adam (December 30, 2003). . NY1. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  230. ^ a b "How Skyscrapers Get Heat and Pure Air; Novel Devices Shown in These Details of New Times Building. Immense Chambers for Filtering Air -Heating Plant Will Use Nearly Sixteen Miles of Pipe". The New York Times. January 3, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  231. ^ "Electricity's Uses in the Times Building; To Operate Over One Hundred Different Appliances". The New York Times. January 10, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  232. ^ "Electricity in a Modern Newspaper Building". The Electrical Age. Vol. 32, no. 3. March 1, 1904. p. 139. ProQuest 574279299.
  233. ^ a b "Improvement Shown in Elevator Equipment; Electric Cars in Times Building Will Embody New Principles". The New York Times. February 7, 1904. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 7, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2022.
  234. ^ New York Times Building Supplement 1905, p. BS20.
  235. ^ New York Times Building Supplement 1905, pp. BS20–BS21.
  236. ^ "The Times Building Safest, Says Croker; Fire Department Makes Test of Standpipes". The New York Times. April 17, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  237. ^ "Mayor Giuliani Lights Up ITT's Electronic Display Sign in Times Square". Government of New York City. from the original on March 20, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  238. ^ Lewine, Edward (November 15, 1998). "Neighborhood Report: Times Square; No Remote Can Fix This Screen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  239. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (June 19, 1997). "Tower in Times Sq., Billboards and All, Earns 400% Profit". The New York Times. from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  240. ^ "Times Square's hot spots provide bang for the buck". Crain's New York Business. Vol. 21, no. 20. May 16, 2005. p. 12. ProQuest 219121568.
  241. ^ Brown, Eliot (December 26, 2012). "Ads, Not Tenants, Make Times Square". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
  242. ^ Hellman, Peter (May 19, 1997). "Bright Lights, Big Money". New York Magazine. Vol. 30, no. 19. p. 48. ISSN 0028-7369. from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
  243. ^ a b Lueck, Thomas J. (June 18, 1998). "Metro Business; Discover Is Sponsor For Year 2000 Event". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  244. ^ Brian (October 13, 2006). . TV Newser. Archived from the original on January 16, 2011.
  245. ^ "Sony Corporation of America and News Corporation Partner to Program Digital Space in One of the World's Most Recognized Advertising Locations—Times Square in New York City" (Press release). Sony Corporation of America. July 13, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
  246. ^ Elliott, Stuart (December 3, 2007). "Back in Times Square, Toshiba Stands Tall". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on December 27, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  247. ^ a b Tracy, Thomas (May 30, 2018). "Construction worker rescued after he falls behind giant Times Square Toshiba sign". New York Daily News. from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  248. ^ Temistokle, Eddie (December 7, 2009). (PDF) (Press release). Toshiba America. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 23, 2010.
  249. ^ "Cash-strapped Toshiba bids farewell to Times Square and 'Sazae-san'". The Japan Times Online. November 22, 2017. ISSN 0447-5763. from the original on December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  250. ^ "Changing times: Toshiba's New York billboard goes dark". Nikkei Asian Review. from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.

Sources

  • "The Evolution of a Skyscraper". Architectural Record. Vol. 14. 1903. hdl:2027/hvd.32044039466818 – via HathiTrust.
  • Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07739-1. OCLC 32819286.
  • "New York Times Building Supplement". The New York Times. January 1, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331.
    • "Architectural Aspect of Times Building; Advantages offered by the Times Square Site – Abundance of Light Gave Opportunity for Apparent Massiveness – The Tower as the Triumph of the Building – A Success in Scale – The Chief Charm of the Structure, Its Color, Achieved by a Stroke of Architectural Good Fortune". The New York Times. January 1, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331.
    • "Construction of Times Building; Elimination of the Fire Risks – "A Stone Fence Under Water" – Weights of Materials – Chronology of the Work – A Startling Record of Strikes and of Time Lost by Each Trade – List of Accidents Incidental to a Large Operation". The New York Times. January 1, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331.
    • "Equipment of Times Building; Electric Elevators with Highest Rise and Costly Control – A Smokestack 389 Feet High – Highest Lift of Water in America – Cleaning by Vacuum Process – Artificial Illumination – Filtering 250 Gallons a Minute". The New York Times. January 1, 1905. ISSN 0362-4331.
  • Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press. ISBN 978-1-58093-177-9. OCLC 70267065. OL 22741487M.

External links

Listen to this article (11 minutes)
 
This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 28 October 2018 (2018-10-28), and does not reflect subsequent edits.
(Audio help · More spoken articles)
  •   Media related to One Times Square at Wikimedia Commons
  • Official website

January 30, 2023
times, square, other, buildings, called, york, times, building, york, times, building, disambiguation, also, known, 1475, broadway, york, times, building, york, times, tower, simply, times, tower, story, foot, high, skyscraper, times, square, midtown, manhatta. For other buildings called the New York Times Building see New York Times Building disambiguation One Times Square also known as 1475 Broadway the New York Times Building the New York Times Tower or simply as the Times Tower is a 25 story 363 foot high 111 m skyscraper on Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City Designed by Cyrus L W Eidlitz in the neo Gothic style the tower was built in 1903 1904 as the headquarters of The New York Times It takes up the city block bounded by Seventh Avenue 42nd Street Broadway and 43rd Street The building s design has been heavily modified throughout the years and all of its original architectural detail has since been removed One Times Square s primary design features are the advertising billboards on its facade added in the 1990s Due to the large amount of revenue generated by its signage One Times Square is one of the most valuable advertising locations in the world One Times SquareThe building in 2010 with the Times Square Ball on its roofGeneral informationLocation1 Times SquareNew York NY 10036Coordinates40 45 23 N 73 59 11 W 40 756421 N 73 9864883 W 40 756421 73 9864883 Coordinates 40 45 23 N 73 59 11 W 40 756421 N 73 9864883 W 40 756421 73 9864883Construction started1903 120 years ago 1903 Completed1904 119 years ago 1904 OwnerJamestown L P and Sherwood EquitiesHeightAntenna spire417 ft 127 m Roof363 ft 111 m Technical detailsFloor count25Floor area110 599 sq ft 10 275 0 m2 Design and constructionArchitect s Cyrus L W Eidlitz Andrew C McKenzie presently HLW International DeveloperThe New York TimesReferences 1 2 3 The surrounding Longacre Square neighborhood was renamed Times Square during the tower s construction and The New York Times moved into the tower in January 1905 Eight years later the paper s offices moved to 229 West 43rd Street One Times Square remained a major focal point of the area due to its annual New Year s Eve ball drop festivities and the introduction of a large lighted news ticker near street level in 1928 The Times sold the building to Douglas Leigh in 1961 Allied Chemical then bought the building in 1963 and renovated it as a showroom Alex M Parker took a long term lease for the entire building in October 1973 buying it two years later One Times Square was then sold multiple times in the 1980s and continued to serve as an office building Lehman Brothers acquired the building in 1995 adding billboards to take advantage of its prime location within Times Square Jamestown L P has owned the building since 1997 In 2017 as part of One Times Square s redevelopment plans were announced to construct a new Times Square museum observation deck and a new entrance to the Times Square 42nd Street subway station Jamestown started renovating the building at a cost of 500 million in 2022 Contents 1 Site 2 History 2 1 Times ownership 2 1 1 Headquarters 2 1 2 Times relocation and office use 2 2 Leigh and Allied Chemical ownership 2 3 Parker renovations 2 4 Times Square redevelopment 2 4 1 Early plans 2 4 2 Israel and Calmenson ownership 2 4 3 Lehman Brothers ownership 2 5 Jamestown ownership 2 5 1 Late 1990s and 2000s 2 5 2 2010s to present 3 Architecture 3 1 Facade 3 2 Structural features 3 2 1 Substructure 3 2 2 Superstructure 3 3 Interior 3 3 1 Mechanical features 4 Billboards 4 1 Advertisers 5 References 5 1 Notes 5 2 Citations 5 3 Sources 6 External linksSite EditOne Times Square is at the southern end of Times Square in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City It takes up the city block bounded by Seventh Avenue to the west 42nd Street to the south Broadway to the east and 43rd Street to the north 4 5 The land lot is trapezoidal and covers 5 400 sq ft 500 m2 4 The full block site has a frontage of 137 84 feet 42 01 m to the west 58 33 feet 18 m to the south 143 feet 44 m to the east and 20 feet 6 1 m to the north 6 7 The shape of the site arises from Broadway s diagonal alignment relative to the Manhattan street grid 8 a The building s address was originally 1475 Broadway but it was changed to 1 Times Square in 1966 9 The current address is a vanity address assigned by the government of New York City The addresses around Times Square are not assigned in any particular order for example 2 Times Square is several blocks away from 1 Times Square 10 Nearby buildings include 1501 Broadway to the north 1500 Broadway to the northeast 4 Times Square to the east The Knickerbocker Hotel to the southeast the Times Square Tower to the south 5 Times Square to the southwest and 3 Times Square to the west 4 5 An entrance to the New York City Subway s Times Square 42nd Street station served by the 1 2 3 7 lt 7 gt N Q R W and S trains is directly adjacent to the building There is also an entrance to the 42nd Street Bryant Park Fifth Avenue station served by the 7 lt 7 gt B D F lt F gt and M trains less than a block east 11 Prior to the construction of what is now One Times Square the northern end of the site had been part of the estate of Amos R Eno which had sold the site in 1901 to the Subway Realty Company 12 The southern end contained the Pabst Hotel 13 which had been built on land leased from Charles Thorley 14 The southeast corner of the building originally contained a plaque containing Thorley s name as he had required that his name be placed on any building that was constructed on the site 15 16 The New York Times Company bought the site in 1927 four years after Thorley died but the plaques remained until 1963 15 History EditTimes ownership Edit Newspaper publisher Adolph Ochs purchased The New York Times in 1896 17 The paper was then headquartered at 41 Park Row in Lower Manhattan within the city s Newspaper Row The Times expanded greatly under Ochs s leadership 18 prompting him to acquire land for a new headquarters in Longacre Square 19 In August 1902 Ochs purchased the former Eno ground from the Subway Realty Company and obtained a long term lease from Charles Thorley on the ground under the Pabst Hotel 13 20 At the time the first line of the New York City Subway was being constructed through the site spurring commercial growth in the surrounding neighborhood 21 In deciding to relocate to Longacre Square the Times cited the fact that the New York City Subway s Times Square station would be directly adjacent to the new building thus allowing the paper to expand its circulation 13 22 Headquarters Edit Under construction in 1903 In mid 1902 the Times hired architect Cyrus L W Eidlitz to draw up plans for its skyscraper headquarters at Longacre Square 22 23 Site clearing began in December 1902 and was completed within two months Afterward workers began constructing the building s concrete brickwork and ironwork in mid 1903 23 By the end of the year the steel frame was being constructed at a rate of three stories per week 24 Ochs s 11 year old daughter Iphigene Bertha Ochs laid the building s cornerstone on January 18 1904 after the steel frame had been completed 25 26 Ochs successfully persuaded the New York City Board of Aldermen to rename the surrounding area after the newspaper and Longacre Square was renamed Times Square in April 1904 27 Workers were installing interior finishes by the next month 23 Construction was temporarily halted that August when seventeen workers unions went on strike 28 29 According to the Times the building s completion was delayed by 299 days due to various strikes during the project as well as inclement weather 30 Prior to the building s completion in November 1904 the Times used searchlights on the facade to display the results of the 1904 United States presidential election The Times indicated which candidate won by flashing searchlights on different sides of the building 31 The New York Times officially moved into the building on January 1 1905 32 To help promote the new headquarters the Times held a New Year s Eve event on December 31 1904 welcoming the year 1905 with a fireworks display set off from the roof of the building at midnight 33 34 35 The event was a success attracting 200 000 spectators and was repeated annually through 1907 34 35 Hegeman amp Company leased most of the ground level in mid 1905 opening a drug store within that space 36 The same year the paper started operating a stereopticon machine on the north side of the building displaying news bulletins 37 In addition the Times experimented with transmitting music and telephone messages to the top of its tower in 1907 38 In 1908 Ochs replaced the fireworks display with the lowering of a lit ball down the building s flagpole at midnight patterned off the use of time balls to indicate a certain time of day 35 39 40 By then the New York City government had banned the fireworks displays which were detonated directly over the crowd and thus posed a danger 41 The ball drop was directly inspired by a time ball atop the Western Union Telegraph Building in lower Manhattan 42 By then Times Square had become a popular venue for New Year s celebrations 43 The ball drop is still held atop One Times Square attracting an average of one million spectators yearly 35 39 40 The Times Tower was also used for telegraph experiments 44 and its searchlights continued to display election results including those for the 1908 United States presidential election 45 The building s roof attracted visitors such as French author Pierre Loti who called the Times Tower one of the boldest of New York City s skyscrapers 46 and Jamalul Kiram II the Sultan of Sulu 47 Times relocation and office use Edit Color portrait of the Times Tower in 1910 There was so little space on the Times Tower site that its mechanical basements had to descend as much as 65 ft 20 m By the early 1910s the Times Square area had become densely developed with restaurants theaters hotels and office buildings 48 Despite the dearth of space a Times booklet said It did not occur to anyone to suggest that the Times should desert Times Square 19 49 On February 2 1913 eight years after it moved to One Times Square 50 the Times moved its corporate headquarters to 229 West 43rd Street 39 40 where it remained until 2007 51 Most of the Times s operations quickly moved to the annex except for the publishing and subscription divisions 19 The Times retained ownership of the Times Tower and leased out the former space there 52 53 54 The building continued to be popularly known as the Times Tower for half a century 55 The original Times Square Ball above the Times Tower was replaced following the 1919 1920 New Year s celebrations 34 A neon beacon was installed atop the Times Tower s roof in September 1928 56 An electromechanical Motograph News Bulletin fr news ticker colloquially known as the zipper started operating near the base of the building on November 6 1928 57 58 after eight weeks of installation 59 The zipper originally consisted of 14 800 light bulbs with the display controlled by a chain conveyor system inside the building individual letter elements a form of movable type were loaded into frames to spell out news headlines As the frames moved along the conveyor the letters themselves triggered electrical contacts which lit the external bulbs the zipper was later upgraded to use modern LED technology 57 60 61 The first headline displayed on the zipper announced Herbert Hoover s victory in that day s presidential election 53 57 The zipper was used to display other major news headlines of the era and its content later expanded to include sports and weather updates as well 53 61 During the 1940s the building s basement contained a shooting range occupied by the Forty third Street Rifle Club 57 Due to restrictions imposed during World War II the Times Tower s zipper was powered down in May 1942 marking the first time since its installation that the zipper had shut down 62 The tower s lights were darkened for the same reason Consequently the 1942 New York state election was the first since 1904 for which the tower s lights did not broadcast any election results 63 The Times reactivated the building s zipper in October 1943 64 65 but less than two weeks later the sign was again deactivated to reduce electricity usage 65 66 The sign operated intermittently until the end of World War II when it again ran continuously 59 On the evening of August 14 1945 the building s zipper announced Japan s surrender in World War II to a packed crowd in Times Square 67 68 Ahead of the 1952 United States presidential election the Times temporarily installed a 85 foot tall 26 m electronic sign on the 4th through 11th stories of the northern facade displaying each candidate s electoral vote count 69 The sign was reinstalled on the Times Tower during the 1956 United States presidential election 70 The tower s ball was also replaced after the 1954 1955 celebrations 34 The New York Community Trust installed a plaque outside the building in 1957 designating it as a point of interest and an unofficial landmark 71 Leigh and Allied Chemical ownership Edit The Times sold the building to advertising executive and sign designer Douglas Leigh in 1961 16 72 According to The Wall Street Journal Leigh had attempted to purchase the Times Tower for 25 years before he succeeded 73 At the time there were 110 tenants in the building the Times only operated the zipper as well as a classified advertising office at ground level Leigh had planned to construct an exhibition hall within the building 16 72 One of the Times Tower s subbasement levels caught fire in November 1961 killing three people and injuring 24 others 74 investigators later determined that the fire had been caused by careless smoking 75 The building s zipper was deactivated in December 1962 due to the 1962 1963 New York City newspaper strike and it did not operate for more than two years 76 Leigh sold the building in April 1963 to Allied Chemical which planned to renovate the building and use it as a sales headquarters and showroom 73 77 The first three stories would be re clad in glass and serve as a showroom for nylon products and the interior would be completely overhauled 77 78 Benjamin Bailyn of architectural firm Smith Haines Lundberg Waehler designed the renovation 79 Due to recent changes to New York City zoning laws it was more economically efficient to renovate the Times Tower than to demolish it as a new building on the site could not be as tall 80 Work began in October 1963 81 82 and the Times Tower s original cornerstone was unsealed in a ceremony in March 1964 83 Allied Chemical stripped the building to its steel frame 84 replacing the intricate granite and terracotta facade with marble panels as part of a 10 million renovation 85 The first panel of the new facade crashed to the ground while it was being installed in August 1964 86 The modifications occurred one year before the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission gained the power to protect buildings as official landmarks leading architectural critic Ada Louise Huxtable to express opposition to the renovation 87 Huxtable praised the building as radical and conservative at the same time saying that it was full of vintage structural details 84 Allied Chemical reactivated the news zipper on the building s facade in March 1965 76 as part of a joint venture with Life magazine 88 Allied Chemical turned on four 39 foot high 12 m electric signs atop the tower in July 1965 89 The Times Tower was officially rededicated that December as the Allied Chemical Tower 90 91 Shortly after the renovation was completed Allied Chemical s nylon division had outgrown the space and the building s elevator service was also reportedly unreliable 92 The Stouffer Foods Corporation also agreed to operate an English themed restaurant on the 15th and 16th floors 93 The restaurant known as Act I opened in 1966 94 The United States Postal Service officially changed the building s address from 1475 Broadway to 1 Times Square in September 1966 9 Allied Chemical announced in late 1972 that it had placed 1 Times Square for sale 95 96 By that time the company no longer needed the surplus space in its namesake tower Allied Chemical had relocated other workers to Morris Township New Jersey during early 1972 and it planned to move its nylon division into smaller space at the nearby 1411 Broadway 96 The firm wanted to sell the building outright at a minimum price of 7 million 96 97 It is unknown whether anyone submitted a bid to purchase the building but Allied Chemical ultimately failed to sell it 97 Parker renovations Edit The building seen in 1977 with the zipper on the northern elevation Alex M Parker took a long term lease for the entire building in October 1973 with an option to purchase the structure 97 98 Parker then renamed the building Expo America 99 He planned to convert 17 of the building s stories into an exhibition hall while also continuing to operate the Act I restaurant 97 Shortly after buying the building Parker said It is my hope that the activity and excitement generated by Expo America will flow outward through the surrounding area encouraging others to join in the effort to once again make Times Square a great area 99 In early 1974 Parker announced that the building s zipper would display only advertising and good news because I ve had it with bad news 100 According to Parker it cost him 100 000 a year to operate the zipper 100 Reuters provided the headlines for the zipper 101 Parker exercised his option to buy the building in 1975 101 at a cost of 6 25 million 102 103 104 He then hired the architectural firm of Gwathmey Siegel amp Associates Architects to redesign the tower with a glass facade and sloping roof 80 101 105 Under Parker s plan four stories would be added to the tower and the facade would be replaced with panels of one way glass 106 Parker also planned to host a competition to select a new name for the building 101 105 This plan was never carried out 80 Instead Parker and mayor Abraham Beame officially reopened One Times Square as an exhibition center on March 2 1976 107 Spectacolor Inc installed a new zipper on the building s facade later that year 80 108 The zipper only operated for a short time before being deactivated entirely in 1977 67 103 109 Times Square redevelopment Edit Early plans Edit The City at 42nd Street Inc proposed demolishing One Times Square in 1979 as part of a plan to redevelop a section of West 42nd Street near Times Square 110 111 Parker who had not been consulted about the proposal expressed his opposition by calling it obscene 110 Another plan for the site announced in 1981 called for renovating One Times Square into a potential civic sculpture with a brightly lit facade 112 In a plan presented to the Empire State Development Corporation ESDC in June 1981 architectural firm Cooper Eckstut proposed doubling the height of One Times Square s northern section 113 Parker had sold the building to the Swiss investment group Kemekod in February 1981 114 Kemekod sold the tower to TSNY Realty Corporation an investment group led by Lawrence I Linksman in 1982 for 12 million 104 Linksman promised further renovations to the building including the possibility of using its north face for signage displays 102 103 104 As part of the 42nd Street Redevelopment Project in 1983 architects Philip Johnson and John Burgee had planned to raze One Times Square and construct four new towers b immediately surrounding the site 114 115 Park Tower Realty which had been designated as the developer of these towers offered to buy the building in November 1983 Park Tower planned to demolish the building and transfer the Times Square Ball to the tallest of the four new buildings 116 A month afterward TSNY sued Park Tower to prevent the demolition 114 117 Allan J Riley acquired the building in 1984 for 16 5 million at which point the building was almost fully leased 118 Also in 1984 the Municipal Art Society held an architectural design competition for the site attracting over 1 380 entrants from 15 nations 119 That December the building s owner objected to the ESDC s plans to condemn the site 120 The city and state governments of New York created a six member committee in 1985 to discuss the future of One Times Square 121 Israel and Calmenson ownership Edit One Times Square as viewed from 45th Street in 1977 Steven M Israel and Gary Calmenson paid 18 1 million for the building 122 in December 1985 and leased the building s ticker to local newspaper Newsday the next month 88 123 The ticker displayed headlines advertising and weather from 6 a m to midnight each day 88 Israel started converting 12 000 square feet 1 100 m2 on the lower stories into the Crossroads Fashion Center a retail complex designed by Fernando Williams Associates 124 By then Park Tower had begun promoting a plan to replace One Times Square with a seven story building containing an open staircase running up its middle and a waterfall running over rough stones at its base 125 City and state officials debated whether to acquire One Times Square through condemnation for several years but they canceled these plans in 1988 after failing to reach an agreement 126 By 1988 Israel had renovated the first two stories for 1 million In addition he converted the 11th floor into an amenity area for the building s tenants the space contained production rooms a reception area and a screening room 127 At the time the building was known as One Times Square Plaza 10 Israel and Calmenson refinanced the building in 1989 with a 30 million loan from French bank Banque Arabe Internationale d Investissement BAII and Cofat amp Partners bought an equity stake in the building 122 By then the zipper was profitable leading Israel to say We have blank exterior walls that are screaming out to be used 128 The building s owners negotiated to lease additional advertising space on the building to Newsday but the deal was canceled 129 Sony agreed to start operating a Jumbotron on the exterior of the tower in 1990 130 131 the Jumbotron was upgraded in March 1994 132 BAII moved to foreclose on the property in 1991 prompting Israel and Calmenson to file for bankruptcy protection in March 1992 133 129 At the time the building had 41 tenants but was half vacant 133 Israel wanted to avoid a foreclosure as he would be liable for 2 million in taxes if the building were foreclosed upon 134 Rebecca Rawson was named as the receiver for the bankrupt property 67 Israel proposed reducing the building s first mortgage in 1993 to avoid foreclosure but BAII opposed the plan 122 Newsday stopped operating the building s ticker on December 31 1994 and declined to renew its lease believing that it didn t get very much out of that sign financially 67 103 109 Publishing company Pearson PLC agreed to operate the zipper three days before Newsday s lease expired 135 136 using the zipper for news announcements and advertisements of its own products 137 Lehman Brothers ownership Edit Banque National de Paris BNP bought the building at a foreclosure auction in January 1995 for 25 2 million 138 The financial services firm Lehman Brothers acquired the building shortly afterward for 27 5 million 139 140 According to the Times Lehman Brothers had been ridiculed for buying the building at that price 139 Madame Tussauds a subsidiary of Pearson PLC had sought to lease space for a museum in One Times Square but could not reach an agreement with the new owner 140 141 Lehman Brothers felt that it would be economically inefficient to use the tower as an office building because it was so small so the firm decided to market the tower as a location for advertising The entire exterior of One Times Square above the ticker was modified to add a grid frame for mounting billboard signs 142 143 144 Dow Jones amp Company started operating the zipper in June 1995 145 146 and Dow Jones replaced the zipper in mid 1997 donating part of the old zipper to the Museum of the City of New York 147 Sony s Jumbotron operated until 1996 Alongside its use for advertising and news it was also frequently used by the producers of the late night talk show Late Show with David Letterman who could display a live feed from its studio on the screen as well As a cost saving measure Sony declined to renew its lease of the space leading to the subsequent removal of the Jumbotron in June 1996 Due to its frequent use by Late Show its producer Rob Burnett jokingly considered the removal of the Jumbotron to be a sad sad day for New York 148 The last office tenants moved out of the building in 1996 139 and the first electronic billboards were installed the same year 149 In October 1996 Warner Bros agreed to lease the building and operate a retail store at the base 150 151 152 The complex would include a four story restaurant on the roof 150 Warner Bros hired Frank O Gehry to design the store and Gehry released his plans in early 1997 The proposal called for gutting the lowest eight stories and replacing the facade with a translucent wire mesh 153 154 Jamestown ownership Edit Late 1990s and 2000s Edit Lehman Brothers sold One Times Square in June 1997 to Jamestown L P for about 110 million four times more than what Lehman Brothers had paid for the building just two years earlier 139 155 Sherwood Equities owned a minority stake in the building and was the leasing agent for the retail space 156 The Warner Bros store then opened in April 1998 occupying 15 000 square feet 1 400 m2 on three stories 157 158 The store was known as 1 Toon Square a reference to its address 159 In advance of the 1999 2000 New Year s celebrations the ball atop One Times Square s roof was replaced once again 160 After a portion of the building s exterior signs collapsed in March 1999 the New York City Department of Buildings ordered that four of the building s billboards be removed 161 Time Warner announced in mid 2001 that it would close the Warner Bros store that October due to a decline in business 162 163 Time Warner continued to pay rent for the vacant retail space 164 In 2002 plans were announced for a 7 Eleven convenience store the Times Square Brewery and Two Boots Pizza in One Times Square 165 However the planned 7 Eleven store was ultimately canceled 166 Jamestown then repaired 450 panels on the building s facade in the mid 2000s During this project one of the facade s panels fell to the ground in 2004 injuring two pedestrians 167 Due to the building s small size it only housed a single office tenant during the 2000s and 2010s the production company in charge of the Times Square Ball drop 168 In early 2006 the lower floors were occupied by a pop up store operated by J C Penney and known as The J C Penney Experience 169 170 The pharmacy chain Walgreens leased the entire building in 2007 171 172 paying 4 million yearly The chain had previously operated a store in the building for four decades until 1970 156 Walgreens opened a new flagship store in the space in November 2008 173 174 As part of the store s opening Gilmore Group designed a digital sign for the facade constructed by D3 LED The 17 000 square foot 1 600 m2 sign ran diagonally up the western and eastern elevations of the building and contained 12 million LEDs surpassing the nearby Nasdaq MarketSite sign as the largest LED sign in Times Square 34 175 The sign operated 20 hours a day and advertised Walgreens s products 173 2010s to present Edit The building seen in 2017 from one block north In September 2017 Jamestown unveiled plans to use much of its vacant space Under the proposal a museum dedicated to the history of Times Square would be built on the 15th through 17th floors and the 18th floor would contain a new observatory 176 At the time the building s billboards had started to become dated because of the increasing popularity of interactive programming 177 The ground level would also be renovated to provide an expanded entrance to the New York City Subway s Times Square 42nd Street station directly underneath the building Work on the subway entrance was originally supposed to be completed in 2018 176 but the MTA did not start construction on the 42nd Street Shuttle reconstruction project until August 2019 178 179 180 As part of the redevelopment of One Times Square a new 20 foot wide 6 1 m staircase entrance with a glass canopy as well as a new elevator entrance would be built 178 The new 40 million station entrance including the elevator formally opened in May 2022 181 182 Jamestown announced in January 2019 that it planned to renovate the building and lease the upper floors which at the time were completely blocked by billboards Jamestown also planned to either terminate Walgreens s lease or reduce the size of the pharmacy 183 184 The Real Deal magazine estimated that Jamestown was earning 23 million per year from the building s billboards 183 Later the same year the individual billboard screens on the front of the tower were replaced by one 350 foot tall 110 m Samsung LED display with a resolution of 1312 7380 pixels The installation of the screen necessitated the removal of the Zipper 185 186 187 The Walgreens store at the building s base had closed permanently by 2022 188 Jamestown started renovating 1 Times Square in May 2022 at a cost of 500 million 189 190 To finance the project Jamestown received a 425 million mortgage from JPMorgan Chase a building loan of 88 7 million and a project loan of 39 8 million 191 192 S9 Architecture designed the renovation while AECOM and Tishman Construction were the general contractors The advertising boards on the northern facade remained in place but the advertisements on the other three facades were removed The 1960s marble facade would be removed and replaced with a glass curtain wall 193 The structure would contain only one story of office space after it reopened the museum would occupy six stories 168 Technology companies would be able to lease 12 stories for interactive attractions 168 177 The building s observation deck would be open year round and the Times Square Ball would drop several times a day throughout the year 177 Jamestown would also install a new elevator to the building s observation deck 176 177 The building would continue to display ads on its northern facade and it would host New Year s Eve celebrations during the renovation which was to be completed in 2024 189 190 The Durst Organization which owned the neighboring 4 Times Square sued the city s DOB in July 2022 claiming that the scaffolding around One Times Square would attract crime while worsening congestion on the sidewalk 194 Architecture EditEidlitz amp McKenzie had originally designed One Times Square in the neo Gothic style 195 196 This style was reportedly used because the irregular shape of the site prevented the architects from designing a neoclassical or neo Renaissance building 6 8 The Times had described the edifice as being 476 feet 145 m tall measured from the deepest basement level to the pinnacle of the tower s flagpole 197 196 The actual height from street level to roofline was 362 feet 8 75 inches 111 m making it the city s second tallest office building when it opened after the Park Row Building 196 198 Without its tower the Times Building only measured 228 feet 69 m tall 199 David W Dunlap of the Times wrote that when the building was completed it was in his employer s self interest to assert that building heights ought to be measured from the lowest level 198 Facade Edit Original facade of the building as seen in 1919 When the Times Tower opened it contained an elaborately decorated facade of limestone and terracotta The facade s articulation consisted of three horizontal sections similar to the components of a column namely a base shaft and capital 6 195 The facade contained several slightly projecting sections which indicated the locations of steel columns in the building s superstructure 6 200 The southern portion of the building extended about 60 feet 18 m back from 42nd Street and was taller than the northern portion 6 7 This increased the amount of rentable space since the southern part of the site was wider 6 8 The plate glass used in the building weighed 28 short tons 25 long tons 25 t 201 The first three stories were elaborately decorated and were clad entirely in cream colored Indiana limestone a material chosen for its durability There were elaborately carved doorways on both Broadway and Seventh Avenue as well as a horizontal band course of limestone above the third story 195 Some of the decoration on the lower levels was made of iron including the ground floor windows 202 The windows at the base were smaller than they normally would have been thereby giving the impression of massiveness 6 8 The 4th through 12th stories comprising the shaft contained little decoration 25 These stories were clad in cream colored brick which was glazed to resemble the terracotta on the rest of the facade 195 The upper stories contained extremely ornate terracotta details such as brackets and cornices 195 202 There were ornamental ironwork window frames above the 12th story 202 203 Above the 16th story the roof of the northern section was made of wire glass 201 The trapezoidal tower above the southern half of the building was designed to resemble a square campanile Each elevation of this tower contained one arched window flanked by smaller single windows 200 Critics compared the tower s detail to that of Giotto s Campanile in Florence 84 204 Arthur G Bein of American Architect magazine said The architect has been free to reproduce almost exactly Giotto s great machicolated cornice with perforated parapet above 204 Each corner of the tower contained projecting piers designed in a manner that resembled turrets 204 Originally Eidlitz had planned to build a dome atop the southern part of the building but he scrapped these plans because of the difficulty in placing a circular dome above an irregular trapezoidal massing 205 In 1965 the building s original facade was replaced with 420 concrete and marble panels Each panel was made of a 5 inch thick 13 cm layer of precast concrete covered with a 7 8 inch thick 2 2 cm layer of white Vermont marble Twenty of these panels measured 9 by 18 feet 2 7 by 5 5 m and the other 400 panels measured 9 by 12 feet 2 7 by 3 7 m The rear of each panel was anchored to the building s superstructure 206 Progressive Architecture magazine criticized the renovation as a face lifting job of thorough going blandness 78 80 All four elevations of the facade were covered with billboards in the 1990s 149 As of 2022 update the concrete and marble facade of the western southern and eastern elevations is being removed and replaced with glass panels 193 Structural features Edit Substructure Edit The foundation of the building extended 60 feet 18 m deep and was excavated to the underlying layer of bedrock It is surrounded by waterproof retaining walls which are backfilled with a mixture of loose stone and cement 207 The foundation itself consists of cast steel footings above which rise the building s steel columns The footings each measure 5 by 5 feet 1 5 by 1 5 m across and their centers are spaced 17 feet 5 2 m apart Each steel footing is placed atop a heavy granite block measuring 8 by 8 feet 2 4 by 2 4 m across and 2 feet 0 61 m thick which in turn rests directly on the underlying bedrock 208 209 Structural loads from the upper stories are carried down into the footings and then spread across the layer of bedrock which carries a load of 20 short tons per square foot 280 psi 1 900 kPa 24 The retaining walls of the foundation are made of red brick 201 On the eastern part of the site where the underlying rock sloped upward workers built a retaining wall with embedded I beams providing additional wind bracing 209 The building contains three basement levels the lowest of which is 55 feet 17 m deep The Times Square subway station encroaches on a portion of the first and second basement levels 208 210 The subway station itself is placed 22 feet 6 7 m below ground and has a ceiling 10 feet 3 0 m high 211 The pillars of the subway tunnel were covered in brick 201 and were placed atop sound dampening sand cushions minimizing vibrations caused by passing subway trains 207 212 209 Part of the superstructure is cantilevered above the subway tunnel since the city s Rapid Transit Commission forbade any obstructions in subway tunnel s right of way 209 213 The northern wall rests on a 30 short ton 27 long ton 27 t plate girder above the subway tunnel at the time of construction it was the heaviest girder in the world to be installed in an office building 202 212 214 c This girder measures 60 feet 18 m long 215 and consists of a group of three I beams which collectively measure 3 feet 0 91 m wide and 5 feet 1 5 m high 202 Seven piers in the basement each measuring 43 feet 13 m high carry the entire structural load of the upper levels 215 they are encased in Portland cement 208 Superstructure Edit The superstructure contains two story tall sections of steel columns At each story the columns are connected horizontally by a grid of steel girders 216 On average each girder measures 25 feet 7 6 m long and there are about 150 pieces of steel used on each story 24 The seven main structural columns are embedded within the walls on each story 216 Structural engineers Purdy and Henderson designed three systems of wind bracing for the building 209 217 The first system consists of the girders on each story which are welded to the building s columns via gusset plates 212 217 The building also contains X shaped diagonal bracing placed within the partitions next to each of the elevator shafts Between the individual elevator shafts is a system of knee bracing it consists of diagonal steel bars shaped like a rotated K which extend downward from the centers of the horizontal girders 217 The structural steel frame carried a dead load of 46 pounds per square foot 2 2 kPa 202 Originally the spaces between the girders were spanned by flat arches made of hollow bricks which were then covered with a layer of cement Fireproof timber sleepers were then installed atop these flat arches and a layer of fireproof wood was installed above these sleepers The finished wooden floor was then installed above the layer of fireproof wood 216 The partition walls were constructed of square bricks which were then finished in plaster The building s elevator shafts were surrounded by walls made of fire clay which were then covered with a layer of tiled brick 216 The superstructure used 82 923 million pounds 41 000 ST 37 000 LT 38 000 t of iron brick mortar terracotta limestone masonry and other materials 202 214 Interior Edit Initially the entrance on Broadway led to an elevator lobby with decorative pilasters while the entrance on Seventh Avenue led to an ornamental staircase The lobby contained a ceiling measuring 15 5 feet 4 7 m high The lowest part of the wall contained a marble wainscoting that measured 8 feet 2 4 m high while the upper portion of the wall was painted white The top of the main hall contained a paneled cornice decorated with a shell motif The floor was made of white mosaic 218 There were seven oak framed revolving doors in the building two at the Broadway entrance to the lobby one at the 42nd Street entrance and four leading to the subway station in the basement 203 On the first basement level was a pedestrian arcade with several small stores which ran from street level to the Times Square station s southbound platform 219 The arcade was closed in 1967 due to high crime 220 but an archway leading from the station to One Times Square s basement remained visible until the 2000s 221 The rest of the first basement contained storefronts and the Times s mailing department while the second basement contained the mailing and repair departments 208 The third basement is larger than the other basement levels extending underneath the sidewalk to the curb line on all sides 207 It covers an area of 17 000 square feet 1 600 m2 three times as large as each of the office stories above 222 The third basement level contained the pressroom which was connected via a freight elevator to the second basement 208 The southern section of the pressroom originally contained four printing presses 207 The pressroom was illuminated by areaways on 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue which measured 30 feet 9 1 m deep and contained glazed brick cladding 207 These areaways as well as the southbound platform of the Times Square station were covered by glass skylights 223 The first twelve stories above ground were rented out to other tenants except for the New York Times publication office at ground level 218 224 The 13th through 21st stories contained various departments for The New York Times 225 Each office was decorated with ornamental cornices and red oak doors 218 Offices occupied the northernmost 60 feet 18 m of the building which was extremely narrow In the southern half of the building a hallway ran down the middle of each story separating offices to the west and east 226 These hallways were decorated with white mosaic tile floors and marble wainscoting on the walls 203 The 16th story used as a composing room was the highest story in the northern section of the building The top six stories which contained the Times s editorial offices had windows on all four sides 226 All offices were located within 23 feet 7 0 m of a window and the building was narrow enough that there were no light shafts to provide natural light to interior offices 200 212 When the building was completed each office was illuminated by natural light for at least five hours every day 201 The former electrical room in the tower s basement serves as a vault for the storage of items relating to New Year s Eve celebrations at Times Square including the ball itself prior to 2009 when it was replaced with a weatherproofed version that is displayed atop the tower year round spare parts numeral signage and other memorabilia 227 A room near the top of the tower likewise contains the ball s electronics including its lighting controller and winch 228 229 Mechanical features Edit Stairs and elevators were placed on the western side of the building 226 and there were restrooms on each story next to the stairs and elevators 230 When the building was constructed it had seven elevators and over a hundred other motorized appliances including printing presses pumps and fans 231 232 Of these five elevators were for passengers and two were for freight 233 Two of the building s elevators one passenger and one freight ran from the basement to the top story while the other elevators only ran to the 16th story 234 Although all the passenger elevators could travel at 500 feet per minute 150 m min one of these elevators could also be used to transport heavy equipment and could be slowed down to 25 feet per minute 7 6 m min thereby doubling its carrying capacity 233 The elevator cabs were originally copper cages with mirrors on each wall 235 The building contained two boilers which were each capable of 200 horsepower 150 kW Steam risers distributed heat from the boilers to 542 radiators 201 Water from the New York City water supply system was drawn into the basement and filtered at a rate of 250 US gallons 950 L per minute The filtered water was then pumped up to the 23rd floor and distributed to other stories 223 In case of a fire there was a 10 000 US gallon 38 000 L water tank in the basement and two 3 000 US gallon 11 000 L tanks on the 23rd floor 236 Three sewage pumps with a combined capacity of 600 US gallons 2 300 L were used to pump wastewater out of the building 203 In addition there was a gas pipe extending from the cellar to the 16th floor 223 Outdoor air was drawn into an air intake opening at street level and through air filters in the basement the filtered air was then distributed to the offices On the Seventh Avenue side of the building was a 389 foot tall 119 m ventilation pipe which faced the building s outer wall and was surrounded by the stairs elevators and restrooms on each floor During the summer a large electric fan pushed stale air upward through the ventilation pipe 230 The building also contained 2 400 electrical outlets and over 6 200 lamps 201 202 The offices were illuminated by 150 ornate chandeliers on the 2nd through 14th floors 223 There originally were 74 miles 119 km of electrical wires and 21 miles 34 km of electrical conduits in the building 202 214 Billboards EditOne Times Square s first electronic billboards were installed in 1996 A Cup Noodles billboard with steam effects was added to the front of the tower later accompanied by an animated Budweiser sign In October a 55 foot video screen sponsored by ITT Corporation was introduced to the top of the tower which would feature video advertisements and community service announcements 149 237 In December 1996 a Panasonic display operated by NBC known as Astrovision was introduced as a replacement for Sony s Jumbotron at the base of the tower 238 34 Filings related to the building s 1997 sale revealed that the billboards on the tower had been generating a net revenue of 7 million yearly 139 representing a 300 profit 239 Sherwood Equities president Brian Turner estimated in 2005 that over 200 million people saw the Times Square Ball drop at the building every year 240 With growing tourism and high traffic in the Times Square area with a yearly average of over 100 million pedestrians alongside its prominence in media coverage of New Year s festivities seen by a wide audience yearly annual revenue from the signs grew to over 23 million by the year 2012 rivaling London s Piccadilly Circus as the most valuable public advertising space in the world 241 242 Advertisers Edit The redesigned roof of One Times Square as seen on December 30 2012 now featuring the New Year s ball as a permanent addition From 1996 to 2006 Nissin Foods operated a Cup Noodles billboard with smoke effects an effect that had also been used by other Times Square billboards such as the Camel Cigarettes sign 149 The Cup Noodles billboard was replaced in 2006 by a General Motors billboard featuring a Chevrolet branded clock Due to cutbacks resulting from GM s bankruptcy and re organization the Chevrolet Clock was removed in 2009 and eventually replaced by a Kia Motors advertisement billboard This billboard was itself replaced in 2010 by a Dunkin Donuts display 243 In 1998 Discover Card replaced ITT Corporation as the operator and sponsor of the topmost screen on One Times Square as part of a ten year deal The deal came alongside the announcement that Discover Card would be an official sponsor of Times Square s 1999 2000 festivities 243 News Corporation later renamed 21st Century Fox replaced NBC as the operator and sponsor of the Astrovision screen in 2006 244 Sony returned to One Times Square in 2010 replacing the News Corp Panasonic screen with a new high definition LED display 245 In December 2007 Toshiba took over sponsorship of the top most screen of One Times Square from Discover Card in a 10 year lease 246 The screen displayed not only Toshiba products but also videos about tourism in Japan 247 In 2008 upgrades to the upper portion of One Times Square commenced including the installation of new Toshiba high definition LED displays known as ToshibaVision and the redesign of its roof to accommodate a larger New Year s Eve ball which became a year round fixture of the building beginning in 2009 227 248 Toshiba announced that it would end its One Times Square sponsorship in early 2018 citing ongoing cost cutting measures 247 249 250 References EditNotes Edit This was one of four northward facing plots south of 59th Street that were formed by the convergence of Broadway another avenue and a crosstown street The Flatiron Building was built on the triangular plot south of Madison Square at 23rd Street and Fifth Avenue A park was built on the plot south of Herald Square at 34th Street and Sixth Avenue The curved site south of Columbus Circle at 59th Street and Eighth Avenue is now occupied by 2 Columbus Circle 8 Now 3 Times Square 4 Times Square 5 Times Square and Times Square Tower Larger girders were used above the Colonial Theatre in Boston 215 Citations Edit One Times Square CTBUH Skyscraper Database Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2016 Archived from the original on November 17 2016 Allied Chemical Building CTBUH Skyscraper Database Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat 2016 Archived from the original on November 18 2016 1 Times Square Emporis 2016 Archived from the original on March 5 2016 a b c 1475 Broadway 10036 New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on September 28 2021 Retrieved March 25 2021 a b White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press p 271 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 a b c d e f g Landau amp Condit 1996 p 312 a b A New Building for the New York Times Plans for a Monumental Structure on Long Acre Square The Architectural and Other Features of the Building Which Is Being Erected at the New Centre of Travel and Activity on Manhattan Island The New York Times June 27 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b c d e New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS7 a b Allied Chemical Wins Times Square Address The New York Times September 7 1966 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Dunlap David W July 15 1990 Addresses in Times Square Signal Prestige if Not Logic The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 10 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 MTA Neighborhood Maps Times Sq 42 St S mta info Metropolitan Transportation Authority 2018 Archived from the original on August 29 2021 Retrieved September 13 2018 New Subway Company Buys Broadway Site The Deal May Foreshadow Station Changes at 42d Street The New York Times April 25 1901 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b c A New Home for the New York Times The Newspaper to Move Up Town Early in 1904 It Is to Have a Modern Steel Construction Building on the Triangle at Broadway Seventh Avenue and West 42d Street The New York Times August 4 1902 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 Found Place Where Young Bought Trunk Dealer and His Son Say Purchaser Was Clean Shaven The New York Times September 25 1902 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b Talese Gay August 24 1963 Times Square Loses Name That Abided 60 Years Immortalization in Granite Proves All Too Mortal Refacing of Times Tower to Remove Thorley Plaques A Budding Career Lease at 4 000 a Year The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b c Douglas Leigh New Owner Times Sells Times Tower Exhibition Hall Is Planned New York Herald Tribune March 16 1961 p 1 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1326871256 Dunlap David W March 17 1999 Former Times Building Is Named a Landmark The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 5 2020 Retrieved July 14 2020 Former New York Times Building PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission March 16 1999 p 6 Archived PDF from the original on November 4 2021 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b c New York Times Building originally the Times Annex PDF Report New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission April 24 2001 pp 2 3 Archived PDF from the original on September 28 2021 Retrieved August 5 2022 Leases Borough of Manhattan The Real Estate Record Real estate record and builders guide Vol 70 no 1795 August 9 1902 p 209 Archived from the original on August 6 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 via columbia edu Hood Clifton 1978 The Impact of the IRT in New York City PDF Historic American Engineering Record p 182 Archived PDF from the original on January 17 2021 Retrieved December 20 2020 This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint postscript link a b New Home for The Times It Announces Plans for Its Uptown Building New York Tribune August 4 1902 p 7 ProQuest 571264569 a b c New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS18 a b c Enormous Weight of Modern Structures Uneven Pressures to Contend With in the New Times Building Skeleton Frame Going Up at the Rate of About Three Stories a Week How All the Steel Is Tested The New York Times November 29 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b New Times Building Cornerstone Laid Bishop Henry C Potter Invokes Blessings on the Structure The New York Times January 19 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 7 2022 Bishop Potter at the Ceremony Offers Prayer at Laying of Cornerstone of New Times Building New York Tribune January 19 1904 p 6 ProQuest 571528689 To Be Called Times Square Aldermen Vote to Rename Long Acre Square Site of New Times Building The New York Times April 6 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 7 2022 Retrieved August 7 2022 Stop Building Work Seventeen Unions Represented in New York Strike The Washington Post August 2 1904 p 5 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 144508368 Big Strike in New York Work Stopped on a Number of Important Buildings The Hartford Courant August 2 1904 p 1 ProQuest 555246037 New York Times Building Supplement 1905 pp BS18 BS19 Election Results by Times Building Flash Steady Light Westward Roosevelt Eastward Parker The New York Times November 6 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 To day s Times Issued From Its New Home Delicate Task of Removal Was Well Completed The New York Times January 2 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 Brainerd Gordon 2006 Bell Bottom Boys Infinity Publishing p 58 ISBN 9780741433992 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b c d e f Crump William D 2014 Encyclopedia of New Year s Holidays Worldwide McFarland p 242 ISBN 9781476607481 Archived from the original on June 19 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b c d Boxer Sarah B December 31 2007 NYC ball drop goes green on 100th anniversary CNN Archived from the original on January 3 2014 Great Drug Store to Be in the Times Building Hegeman amp Co to Have One of the Largest in the World The New York Times July 31 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 News Will Be Plashed from the Tower of The Times Building on Tuesday Night The New York Times November 5 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 Music by Wireless to the Times Tower Telephone Messages Also Received Through the Ether The New York Times March 8 1907 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 a b c McKendry Joe 2011 One Times Square A Century of Change at the Crossroads of the World David R Godine Publisher pp 10 14 ISBN 9781567923643 Archived from the original on October 10 2017 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b c Lankevich George J 2001 Postcards from Times Square Square One Publishers p 20 ISBN 9780757001000 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 Nash Eric P December 30 2001 F Y I The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 What s Your Problem Newsday December 30 1965 p 48 Archived from the original on July 18 2022 Retrieved July 18 2022 Watch the Times Tower The Descent of an Electric Ball Will Mark the Arrival of 1908 To night The New York Times December 31 1907 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 Times Tower Gets Porto Rico Message New Wireless Receiver Intercepts Dispatch After Other Stations Failed to Take It The New York Times January 18 1908 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 The Times to Flash Election Results North Means Taft South Bryan West Hughes and East Chanler The New York Times November 2 1908 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 Loti Amazed by Times Tower View Tells in His Impressions of New York How the City Frightened and Fascinated Him The New York Times February 23 1913 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 New York s Marvels Awe Sultan of Sulu Kiram II and His Suite Greatly Impressed by the View of the City from The Times Tower The New York Times September 25 1910 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 A Times Annex Near Times Square Building 143 by 100 Is to be Constructed to Meet This Paper s Needs The New York Times March 29 1911 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 16 2022 Retrieved February 16 2022 The Times Annex A Wonderful Workshop The New York Times Company 1913 p 27 The New York Times The Hartford Courant February 4 1913 p 8 ProQuest 555973270 Ouroussoff Nicolai November 20 2007 Pride and Nostalgia Mix in The Times s New Home The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 14 2021 Retrieved September 18 2021 History of Times Square The Telegraph London July 27 2011 Archived from the original on March 10 2016 a b c Long Tony November 6 2008 Nov 6 1928 All the News That s Lit Wired Archived from the original on November 9 2008 The New York Times Company Enters The 21st Century With A New Technologically Advanced And Environmentally Sensitive Headquarter PDF Press release The New York Times Company November 16 2007 Archived from the original PDF on February 27 2008 Times Tower Fire Still a Mystery Inspection Turns Up No Clue to Fatal Blaze s Origin The New York Times November 25 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Beacon on Times Building Neon Light Visible for 50 Miles Adds to Brilliance of Square The New York Times September 1 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 a b c d Huge Times Sign Will Flash News Electric Bulletin Board Used for the Election Will Be in Nightly Operation The New York Times November 8 1928 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 14 800 Bulbs Give News to New York The Gazette November 9 1928 p 13 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 a b The Times Famous News Sign Will Be 20 Years Old Saturday Among First Moving Electric Bulletins Was Description of President Hoover s Election Many Momentous Stories Told The New York Times November 2 1948 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Young Greg Meyers Tom 2016 The Bowery Boys Adventures in Old New York An Unconventional Exploration of Manhattan s Historic Neighborhoods Secret Spots and Colorful Characters Ulysses Press p 289 ISBN 9781612435763 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b Poulin Richard 2012 Graphic Design and Architecture A 20th Century History A Guide to Type Image Symbol and Visual Storytelling in the Modern World Rockport Publishers p 53 ISBN 9781592537792 Archived from the original on October 10 2017 Retrieved September 16 2020 The Times Electric News Sign Goes Dark Under New Dimout Probably for Duration The New York Times May 19 1942 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Election Result Signals Of Times Banned by War The New York Times November 1 1942 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Walker Danton October 22 1943 Broadway Daily News p 129 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 a b Times to Stop News Sign Today as Brownout Aid The New York Times November 1 1943 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Watson John November 2 1943 Broadway Coyly Tests Brilliance As Dimout Ends Some Theaters Blaze Forth but Patches of Gloom Cloud First Night Glory When the Lights Went On Again All Over New York New York Herald Tribune p 38 ISSN 1941 0646 ProQuest 1284445041 a b c d Gelder Lawrence Van December 11 1994 Lights Out for Times Square News Sign The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 8 2016 Retrieved August 9 2022 The Times Electric Sign Attraction for Many Eyes The New York Times August 15 1945 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Times Sq Getting Vote Result Sign 85 Foot Electric Indicator on Times Tower Will Give Returns at a Glance The New York Times October 24 1952 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Times Lighted Thermometer Will Give the Election Returns The New York Times November 4 1956 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 Asbury Edith Evans November 22 1957 Landmark Signs Dedicated Here 20 Are first of Many That Will Mark Historical and Architectural Sites The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 29 2019 Retrieved October 29 2019 a b Times Tower Sold for Exhibit Hall Douglas Leigh Buys 24 Story Building in the Square The New York Times March 16 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Times Tower Building In Times Square Sold To Allied Chemical Firm Will Remodel Facility But Maintain the Traditions Of New York City Landmark Wall Street Journal April 17 1963 p 5 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 132873722 Third Body Found in Times Sq Fire Porter as Well as 2 Firemen Died in Times Tower Blaze The New York Times November 24 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Times Tower Fire is Laid to Smoking Cavanagh Says Blaze Began in Storeroom for Toys The New York Times December 19 1961 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Headlines Again Circle Former Times Tower The New York Times March 9 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Ennis Thomas W April 17 1963 Old Times Tower to Get New Face 26 Story Building Will Be Stripped and Recovered in Glass and Marble The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 21 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b A la Recherche du TIMES Perdu PDF Progressive Architecture Vol 44 May 1963 p 82 Archived PDF from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Benjamin Bailyn Is Dead at 55 Architect of the Allied Tower The New York Times July 23 1967 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b c d e Stern Robert A M Mellins Thomas Fishman David 1995 New York 1960 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial New York Monacelli Press p 1103 ISBN 1 885254 02 4 OCLC 32159240 Modernization Project Begins on Times Tower The New York Times October 29 1963 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Times Tower Due New Face Structure Being Built on Original Framework The Sun February 24 1964 p 6 ProQuest 540133645 Times Tower Box of 1904 Unsealed The New York Times March 18 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b c Huxtable Ada Louise March 20 1964 Architecture That Midtown Tower Standing Naked in the Wind Skyscraper Buffs See Antique Skeleton Fancy Steel Framing Elaborated by Rivets The New York Times p 30 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 115725139 Ennis Thomas W January 31 1965 Marble Clad Buildings Brighten Midtown Manhattan The New York Times p R1 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 116760160 Allied Tower Makes False Start on Facade The New York Times August 4 1964 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Gray Christopher November 28 2014 A Home for the Headlines The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on June 21 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 a b c Electronic News Bulletins To Return to Times Square Wall Street Journal January 20 1986 p 1 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 398033841 Highest Electric Signs In Times Sq Go On Today The New York Times July 23 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Buckley Thomas December 3 1965 Allied s Times Square Tower Dedicated by Gov Rockefeller Allied s Times Square Tower Dedicated by Gov Rockefeller The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Old N Y Times Tower keeps up tradition The Christian Science Monitor December 17 1965 p 11 ProQuest 510762391 Lippa Si July 27 1966 Focus Allied Chemical Tower of Strength Do Additional Fabrics Loom In Allied Chemical s Future Women s Wear Daily Vol 113 no 18 pp 1 45 ProQuest 1523514401 Allied Chemical Tower To Get an English Cafe The New York Times April 12 1965 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Claiborne Craig August 22 1966 Dining in a Modern Tower The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Fashion Rtw Allied Tower Reported For Sale Women s Wear Daily Vol 125 no 56 September 21 1972 p 19 ProQuest 1523642418 a b c Stetson Damon October 10 1972 For Sale Sign Is Posted At Allied Chemical Tower The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b c d Developer Rents Allieds Tower In Times Square The Hartford Courant November 1 1973 p 55 ProQuest 551980429 Tomasson Robert E October 31 1973 Lessee Will Put Exhibits In Times Square Tower The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Tomasson Robert E November 18 1973 An Innovator Goes to Work in Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Times Tower Sign To Get Good News The Washington Post April 2 1974 p A14 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 146202415 a b c d Kaiser Charles May 15 1975 A Glittery Times Sq Tower Due The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Randall Gabrielan 2000 Times Square and 42nd Street in Vintage Postcards Arcadia Publishing p 16 ISBN 9780738504285 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b c d Bloom Ken 2013 Broadway An Encyclopedia Routledge p 530 ISBN 9781135950194 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b c Josephs Lawrence January 3 1982 A New Owner Takes the Reins in Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b A Prismatic Tower The Washington Post May 15 1975 p D2 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 146376858 Mirrors Will Sheathe Times Square Tower The New York Times May 15 1975 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Asbury Edith Evans March 3 1976 Mayor and Mouse Open One Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Doughtery Philip H October 11 1976 Advertising An Addition to Times Square The New York Times p 5 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 122847653 a b Sagalyn Lynne B 2003 Times Square Roulette Remaking the City Icon MIT Press p 323 ISBN 9780262692953 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b Horsley Carter B November 15 1979 Razing of One Skyscraper to Build 3 New Ones Proposed in Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 681 Goldberger Paul February 27 1981 Latest Times Sq Proposal Why It May Succeed An Appraisal Renovation of Times Tower Proposed The New York Times p B4 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 121804824 Horsley Carter B July 1 1981 42d St Plan Would Add Towers Theaters and Bright Lights Plans for 42d St Would Add Theaters and Bright Lights The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b c Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 684 Goldberger Paul December 21 1983 4 New Towers for Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Gottlieb Martin November 29 1983 Developer Seeks to Tear Down Times Sq Tower The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Spiegelman Arthur January 5 1984 Time s running out for this landmark South China Morning Post p 15 ProQuest 1553940873 Depalma Anthony July 11 1984 About Real Estate One Times Square Its Future Unsure is Sold Again The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Anderson Susan Heller Bird David June 15 1984 New York Day by Day The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Anderson Susan Heller Dunlap David W December 18 1984 New York Day by Day Objections on Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Gottlieb Martin March 3 1985 Civic Groups Assail Makeup Of Times Tower Committee The New York Times p 34 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 111225579 a b c Grant Peter May 3 1993 Ball could drop on One Times Sq lender Crain s New York Business Vol 9 no 18 p 4 ProQuest 219173143 Sign of the Times for NY Newsday Newsday January 17 1986 p 6 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Kennedy Shawn G March 12 1986 Real Estate Times Sq Tower s Renewal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Goldberger Paul August 15 1986 An Appraisal Times Sq Bell Tower the Wrong Centerpiece The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Lueck Thomas J July 2 1988 Reprieve for a Famed Tower on Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Robbins Jim June 8 1988 Pictures New State Of The Art Facilities For No 1 Times Square Structure Variety Vol 331 no 7 p 7 ProQuest 1438491962 McCain Mark April 9 1989 Commercial Property Times Sq Signage A Mandated Comeback for the Great White The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 10 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 a b Wax Alan J March 14 1992 1 Times Square in Bankruptcy Newsday p 15 Archived from the original on September 4 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Sony to Polish Image with Video Display for Times Square Wall Street Journal October 12 1990 p B4B ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 398189556 Ramirez Anthony October 11 1990 The Media Business Advertising Addenda Sony to Help Make Times Square Brighter The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Howe Marvine March 13 1994 Neighborhood Report Midtown For Times Square Couch Potatoes The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 a b Ravo Nick March 14 1992 Times Square Landmark Files in Bankruptcy The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Grant Peter June 7 1993 N Y feds make foreclosure less taxing Crain s New York Business Vol 9 no 23 p 13 ProQuest 219143472 Martin Douglas December 30 1994 Times Sq Flash ZIPPER SAVED The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Pearson will keep zipper running at Times Square Wall Street Journal December 30 1994 p C6 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 398558205 Lambert Bruce January 8 1995 Neighborhood Report Midtown The Zipper Is Speaking a New Language The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Bank Buys Building Where the Ball Drops The New York Times January 26 1995 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 a b c d e Bagli Charles V June 19 1997 Tower in Times Sq Billboards and All Earns 400 Profit The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 7 2017 Retrieved September 28 2021 a b Wrangle kills plan for US Madame Tussaud s South China Morning Post March 29 1995 p 65 ProQuest 1535995762 Lueck Thomas J March 23 1995 Madame Tussaud s Loses Bidding War and Drops Times Sq Plan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Levi Vicki Gold Heller Steven 2004 Times Square Style Graphics from the Great White Way New York Princeton Architectural Press p 9 ISBN 9781568984902 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 Brill Louis M Signage in the crossroads of the world SignIndustry Archived from the original on January 16 2013 Retrieved January 15 2013 Holusha John Times Square Signs For the Great White Way More Glitz The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 4 2013 Retrieved January 15 2013 Dow Jones taking over news zipper Portsmouth Daily Times Associated Press June 10 1995 p B8 Archived from the original on February 16 2013 Retrieved January 20 2013 Dow Jones will operate Times Square zipper sign Wall Street Journal June 9 1995 p A5 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 398448932 Chen David W May 6 1997 Times Sq Sign Turns Corner Into Silence The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Lueck Thomas J May 17 1996 Less Glitter on Times Square No More Jumbotron The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 3 2009 Retrieved August 9 2022 a b c d Collins Glenn January 18 1996 The Media Business Advertising How do you get your message across among the Times Square throng Try turning up the steam The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 21 2013 Retrieved August 9 2022 a b Grant Peter October 17 1996 Warner zips up deal New York Daily News p 760 Archived from the original on September 28 2021 Retrieved September 28 2021 Warner Bros Said to Eye Store Site in Times Square Women s Wear Daily Vol 172 no 84 October 31 1996 p 22 ProQuest 1445768894 Johnson Kirk November 16 1996 Bugs Bunny Is New Tenant At 1 Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 28 2021 Retrieved September 28 2021 Muschamp Herbert April 7 1997 A Chance for an Architect to Let His Imagination Run Free The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Cramer Ned May 1997 Times Square Striptease PDF Journal of the American Institute of Architects Vol 86 p 49 Alva Marilyn December 1 1997 Germans leading influx of foreign borne money Crain s New York Business Vol 13 no 48 p 23 ProQuest 219155738 a b Pristin Terry March 12 2008 A Homecoming for a Former Times Square Fixture The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Pristin Terry April 21 1998 Metro Business 1 Times Square Store For Warner Brothers The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Moin David April 21 1998 Warner Bros To Cut Loose In Its Times Square Store Women s Wear Daily Vol 175 no 75 p 8 ProQuest 1445681456 Herszenhorn David M April 26 1998 With Bugs s Debut It s Toons Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Goodnough Abby December 29 1998 Here Comes 2000 With Sponsors Too Official Products in the Right Place Millennial Partying in Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 22 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 MacFarquhar Neil March 20 1999 After Sign Falls in Wind City Orders Others Moved The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Bagli Charles V July 12 2001 Bugs Bunny Is Losing His Times Square Home in October The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 28 2021 Retrieved September 28 2021 Warner Bros Studio Stores to Close The Los Angeles Times July 7 2001 p 42 Archived from the original on September 28 2021 Retrieved September 28 2021 Muto Sheila December 31 2003 Plots amp Ploys Wall Street Journal p B 6 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 398911570 Bagli Charles V June 8 2002 Sweet on Times Square Hershey Is to Open Store The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 25 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Wilgoren Jodi July 13 2003 Business In the Urban 7 Eleven the Slurpee Looks Sleeker The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Ramirez Anthony August 20 2004 Slab of Building Facade Falls Injuring 2 People in Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 a b c Velsey Kim May 6 2022 One Times Square Long Empty Will Now Bring the Billboards Inside Curbed Archived from the original on June 16 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 What s Really Inside The Village Voice March 7 2006 Archived from the original on December 30 2012 Retrieved January 15 2013 Power Denise March 3 2006 J C Penney Experience Pops With Technology Women s Wear Daily Vol 191 no 46 p 22 ProQuest 231110770 Jonas Ilaina November 21 2007 Walgreens to return to New York s Times Square Reuters Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Walgreens returns to 1 Times Square Real Estate Weekly May 14 2008 Archived from the original on June 2 2013 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Elliott Stuart November 20 2008 An Ad Network in Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 12 2022 Retrieved August 12 2022 Walgreens opens doors in Times Square Drug Store News Vol 30 no 15 December 8 2008 pp 1 8 ProQuest 204759199 Collins Glenn May 24 2008 How to Stand Out in Times Square Build a Bigger and Brighter Billboard The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 25 2013 Retrieved August 9 2022 a b c Chen Jackson September 28 2017 Times Sq Museum Aims To Steer Tourists Away From Elmos and Topless Women DNAinfo New York Archived from the original on September 28 2017 Retrieved September 29 2017 a b c d Chaffin Joshua May 6 2022 New York icon is reinvented as a 21st century interactive portal Financial Times Archived from the original on August 6 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b MTA to Transform 42 St Shuttle to Provide Better Service Fully Accessible Crosstown Transit Connection mta info Metropolitan Transportation Authority August 2 2019 Archived from the original on August 2 2019 Retrieved August 2 2019 Ricciulli Valeria August 2 2019 MTA will overhaul century old 42nd Street shuttle Curbed NY Archived from the original on August 2 2019 Retrieved August 2 2019 Gartland Michael August 2 2019 42nd Street shuttle to get facelift three year project starts Aug 16 New York Daily News Archived from the original on August 2 2019 Retrieved August 2 2019 Nessen Stephen May 17 2022 New Times Square subway entrance includes an elevator and the largest mosaic in the system gothamist com Archived from the original on May 18 2022 Retrieved May 18 2022 MTA unveils new Times Square subway entrance ABC7 New York May 16 2022 Archived from the original on May 17 2022 Retrieved May 19 2022 a b Rebong Kevin January 29 2019 New York s most viewed building is getting a facelift The Real Deal New York Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Landlord to redevelop most viewed building in the world Crain s New York Business January 29 2019 Archived from the original on October 19 2021 Retrieved August 5 2022 Lo Jasper K Big bold wild and fun Times Square billboards entertain a digital world New York Daily News Archived from the original on November 8 2019 Retrieved November 24 2019 Campos Guy August 20 2019 350 foot high LED wall relaunched in New York AV Magazine Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Retrieved November 19 2019 Young Michael May 19 2019 One Times Square s 300 Foot Long LED Screen Nearly Completed in Times Square New York YIMBY Archived from the original on February 16 2022 Retrieved November 15 2020 Another significant part of the exterior that was removed was the zipper This was the first of its kind in the world to display moving words for almost 90 years and was placed near the base of the tower Beling Sarah April 7 2022 From Satan s Circus to Glittering Ball Drops to Walgreens the Evolution of One Times Square W42ST Archived from the original on September 2 2022 Retrieved September 2 2022 a b Adcroft Patrick May 6 2022 One Times Square to undergo 500 million renovation Spectrum News NY1 New York City Archived from the original on August 5 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 a b Novini Rana Smith Romney May 6 2022 NYC Mayor Eric Adams Announces 500M Times Square Redevelopment NBC New York Archived from the original on June 9 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Dilakian Steven May 13 2022 Jamestown Lands 425M for One Times Square Redevelopment The Real Deal New York Archived from the original on August 2 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Young Celia May 12 2022 Jamestown Snags 425M for One Times Square Redevelopment Commercial Observer Archived from the original on August 9 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 a b Billboard Removal and Transformation of One Times Square Progresses in Midtown Manhattan New York YIMBY June 16 2022 Archived from the original on June 20 2022 Retrieved August 5 2022 Garber Nick August 1 2022 New Times Square Scaffolding Lets Criminals Corner Tourists Lawsuit Midtown Hell s Kitchen NY Patch Archived from the original on August 21 2022 Retrieved August 21 2022 a b c d e Intricate Work of Decoration Designing Exterior Details of New Times Building Regard Must Be Had for Both Color and Architectural Features Preparing the Stone and Terra Cotta The New York Times December 20 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 17 2020 Retrieved July 17 2020 a b c Landau amp Condit 1996 p 309 New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS3 a b Dunlap David W April 24 2015 1905 Times Building Is the Tallest in the City With a Big Asterisk The New York Times Archived from the original on October 30 2020 Retrieved August 6 2022 New York s Lofty Office Buildings the Tallest and the Narrowest Now Being Completed in New York Wonderful Feats of Construction The Construction News Vol 18 no 25 December 17 1904 p 436 ProQuest 128400674 a b c New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS8 a b c d e f g New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS21 a b c d e f g h i Materials Used in the New York Times Building The Construction News Vol 19 no 13 April 1 1905 p 233 ProQuest 128409982 a b c d New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS23 a b c Bein Arthur G February 16 1910 Famous Prototypes of New York Towers The American Architect Vol 97 no 1782 p 81 ProQuest 124670436 Problems That Come With Skyscrapers Interior Irregularities Must Be Hidden by Outward Symmetry Difficulties of This Sort Met in the New Times Building Why a Tower Replaced a Dome The New York Times November 22 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 Old Times Tower Will Be Enclosed By Marble Panels The New York Times August 2 1964 p 249 ISSN 0362 4331 ProQuest 115884348 a b c d e Sub surface Problems in Structural Work Some Facts About the Unseen Part of The Times Building How Solid Rock is Made Stronger How Sand Cushions Are Formed Solving Problems of Ventilation The New York Times November 15 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b c d e Foundations of the New Times Building Structure One of Interesting Details Below the Curb Line Cast Steel Bases for Columns Protection Against Dampness and Corosion Sand Cushions to Prevent Vibration The New York Times October 11 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b c d e Lawrence Charles H June 16 1906 Structural Problems in the New York Times Building The Construction News Vol 21 no 24 p 463 ProQuest 128405015 Architectural Record 1903 p 330 Architectural Record 1903 pp 330 331 a b c d Landau amp Condit 1996 p 313 Landau amp Condit 1996 pp 312 313 a b c Notable Edition Marks Times Building Opening Story of Great Structure Told in Special Supplement The New York Times December 31 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 a b c Illustrations the Times Building Longacre Square New York N Y The American Architect and Building News Vol 87 no 1536 June 3 1905 p 179 ProQuest 124648830 a b c d Floor Space Division in Big Structures Interior Structural Details in the New Times Building Partitions Now a Matter of Utility Not of Strength No Exposed Columns Laying the Floor Arches The New York Times December 6 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 6 2022 Retrieved August 6 2022 a b c Wind bracing in New Times Building Fiercest Gales Will Have No Terrors for the Structure Three Types of Diagonal Strengthening Will Give Great Stability Other Details The New York Times October 18 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 18 2020 Retrieved July 17 2020 a b c Interior of the New Times Building Decorative Features to be Prominent in the New Structure How the Great Foundations Will Add to the Strength of the Upper Portion Unusual Facilities for Light The New York Times October 25 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 7 2022 Retrieved August 7 2022 Arcade to Be Feature in the Times Building Lively Business Thoroughfare to be Made Under Ground Booths to Flank the Corridors Leading to the Subway Station Show Windows Along the Platform The New York Times January 17 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 17 2020 Retrieved July 17 2020 Times Sq Subway Arcade Shut Making a Belated End of Stores The New York Times July 2 1967 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on July 15 2022 Retrieved July 15 2022 Dunlap David W March 28 2004 1904 2004 Crossroads of the Whirl The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 10 2017 Retrieved August 12 2022 Underground Room in New Times Building Press Facilities Sixty five Feet Below the Street A Month Needed to Set Up Delicate Machinery Area Below Ground Handling the Papers The New York Times January 24 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 7 2022 Retrieved August 7 2022 a b c d New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS22 Landau amp Condit 1996 p 311 New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS6 a b c Interior Plans of New Times Building Location Will Insure Abundance of Natural Light Arrangement of Windows One of the Problems That Has Come with the Modern Skyscraper The New York Times December 27 1903 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 7 2022 Retrieved August 7 2022 a b Barron James December 30 2009 When Party Is Over the Ball Lands Here The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 25 2022 Retrieved August 9 2022 Bousquette Isabelle December 30 2021 The New Year s Eve Ball Will Drop Covid or Not if John Trowbridge Has His Way Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on June 11 2022 Retrieved December 30 2021 Balkin Adam December 30 2003 Technology Helps Times Square New Year s Eve Ball Drop Run Smoothly NY1 Archived from the original on June 9 2013 Retrieved April 15 2012 a b How Skyscrapers Get Heat and Pure Air Novel Devices Shown in These Details of New Times Building Immense Chambers for Filtering Air Heating Plant Will Use Nearly Sixteen Miles of Pipe The New York Times January 3 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 Electricity s Uses in the Times Building To Operate Over One Hundred Different Appliances The New York Times January 10 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 7 2022 Retrieved August 7 2022 Electricity in a Modern Newspaper Building The Electrical Age Vol 32 no 3 March 1 1904 p 139 ProQuest 574279299 a b Improvement Shown in Elevator Equipment Electric Cars in Times Building Will Embody New Principles The New York Times February 7 1904 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 7 2022 Retrieved August 7 2022 New York Times Building Supplement 1905 p BS20 New York Times Building Supplement 1905 pp BS20 BS21 The Times Building Safest Says Croker Fire Department Makes Test of Standpipes The New York Times April 17 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 8 2022 Retrieved August 8 2022 Mayor Giuliani Lights Up ITT s Electronic Display Sign in Times Square Government of New York City Archived from the original on March 20 2013 Retrieved January 14 2013 Lewine Edward November 15 1998 Neighborhood Report Times Square No Remote Can Fix This Screen The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on October 4 2013 Retrieved August 9 2022 Bagli Charles V June 19 1997 Tower in Times Sq Billboards and All Earns 400 Profit The New York Times Archived from the original on January 14 2012 Retrieved January 14 2013 Times Square s hot spots provide bang for the buck Crain s New York Business Vol 21 no 20 May 16 2005 p 12 ProQuest 219121568 Brown Eliot December 26 2012 Ads Not Tenants Make Times Square The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on January 11 2013 Retrieved January 14 2013 Hellman Peter May 19 1997 Bright Lights Big Money New York Magazine Vol 30 no 19 p 48 ISSN 0028 7369 Archived from the original on April 7 2022 Retrieved September 16 2020 a b Lueck Thomas J June 18 1998 Metro Business Discover Is Sponsor For Year 2000 Event The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on March 6 2016 Retrieved August 9 2022 Brian October 13 2006 News Corp Takes Over Times Sq Screen TV Newser Archived from the original on January 16 2011 Sony Corporation of America and News Corporation Partner to Program Digital Space in One of the World s Most Recognized Advertising Locations Times Square in New York City Press release Sony Corporation of America July 13 2010 Retrieved November 23 2022 Elliott Stuart December 3 2007 Back in Times Square Toshiba Stands Tall The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on December 27 2016 Retrieved August 9 2022 a b Tracy Thomas May 30 2018 Construction worker rescued after he falls behind giant Times Square Toshiba sign New York Daily News Archived from the original on January 27 2021 Retrieved August 9 2022 Temistokle Eddie December 7 2009 Make Your Way to the Big Screen Toshiba Introduces I m on TV Feature to Toshiba Vision in Times Square PDF Press release Toshiba America Archived from the original PDF on November 23 2010 Cash strapped Toshiba bids farewell to Times Square and Sazae san The Japan Times Online November 22 2017 ISSN 0447 5763 Archived from the original on December 7 2020 Retrieved December 5 2017 Changing times Toshiba s New York billboard goes dark Nikkei Asian Review Archived from the original on June 5 2018 Retrieved June 5 2018 Sources Edit The Evolution of a Skyscraper Architectural Record Vol 14 1903 hdl 2027 hvd 32044039466818 via HathiTrust Landau Sarah Condit Carl W 1996 Rise of the New York Skyscraper 1865 1913 New Haven CT Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 07739 1 OCLC 32819286 New York Times Building Supplement The New York Times January 1 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Architectural Aspect of Times Building Advantages offered by the Times Square Site Abundance of Light Gave Opportunity for Apparent Massiveness The Tower as the Triumph of the Building A Success in Scale The Chief Charm of the Structure Its Color Achieved by a Stroke of Architectural Good Fortune The New York Times January 1 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Construction of Times Building Elimination of the Fire Risks A Stone Fence Under Water Weights of Materials Chronology of the Work A Startling Record of Strikes and of Time Lost by Each Trade List of Accidents Incidental to a Large Operation The New York Times January 1 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Equipment of Times Building Electric Elevators with Highest Rise and Costly Control A Smokestack 389 Feet High Highest Lift of Water in America Cleaning by Vacuum Process Artificial Illumination Filtering 250 Gallons a Minute The New York Times January 1 1905 ISSN 0362 4331 Stern Robert A M Fishman David Tilove Jacob 2006 New York 2000 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium New York Monacelli Press ISBN 978 1 58093 177 9 OCLC 70267065 OL 22741487M External links EditListen to this article 11 minutes source source This audio file was created from a revision of this article dated 28 October 2018 2018 10 28 and does not reflect subsequent edits Audio help More spoken articles Media related to One Times Square at Wikimedia Commons Official website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title One Times Square amp oldid 1135150851, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.