The Bonan language (pronounced [p⁼aoˈnaŋ], Baonang; Chinese: 保安语, Bǎo'ānyǔ; Amdo Tibetan: Dorké) is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China. As of 1985, it was spoken by about 8,000 people, including about 75% of the total Bonan ethnic population and many ethnic Monguor, in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. There are several dialects, which are influenced to varying degrees — but always heavily — by Chinese and Tibetan, while bilingualism in Wutun is less common. The most commonly studied is the Tongren dialect. There is no writing system in use.[2] The language is also referred to as "Manegacha", natively.[3]
Bonan phonology has been heavily influenced by Tibetan. Consonants possess a voicedness contrast. Initial consonant clusters of mostly falling sonority are present in native words, as are heavy diphthongs, though the content of both is heavily restricted. The possible word-initial consonant clusters in Bonan are [mp, nt, nt͡ɕ, ntʂ, ŋk, tʰχ, χt͡ɕ, rt͡ɕ, lt͡ɕ, ft, fk, ʂp, ʂk].
Ñantoq Baoan has six vowels /a, e, ə, i, ɵ, u/, with long counterparts for all except /ə/.[4]
There are five case markings for Bonan nouns: Nominative, Accusative-Genitive, Dative-Locative, Ablative-Comparative, and Instrumentative.
Verbal morphology is quite complex. Evidentiality is marked in the indicative mood as "definite" or "indefinite" with a specific suffix or with an auxiliary verb. The present definite is used to mark naturally occurring phenomena, while the present indefinite indicates the habits of animals. The indefinite may also mark volition. The future, continuous, and perfective suffixes also possess markers for evidentiality that are often used to mark negation.
Syntax
Bonan has a primary SOV (subject–object–verb), but topicalization of an object is common. It is known for its peculiar double marking of the copula. A Mongolic copula, of which there are several with different meanings, comes sentence-finally, following Bonan SOV word order, while a copula [ʂɪ] from Chinese /ʂɨ̂/ "to be" appears between the copula's subject and complement, as in Chinese SVO word order. This Chinese copula is optional and is used to emphasize the subject. The definite, but not indefinite, copula can also act as a participle following some finite verbs. For example:
ənə
this
ʂɪ
COP
kuŋʂə-nə
commune-GEN
t͡ɕʰitʂə
car
o
IND.COP
ənə ʂɪ kuŋʂə-nə t͡ɕʰitʂə o
this COP commune-GEN car IND.COP
"This is the commune's car." (Buhe & Liu 1985: 65)
Uniquely among Mongolic languages, adjectives follow the noun they modify. This is due to Tibetan influence.
———, ed. (1986). Bǎo'ānyǔ huàyǔ cáiliào 保安语话语材料 [Baoan Language Materials] (in Chinese). Huhehaote: Neimenggu renmin chubanshe.
Chen, Naixiong 陈乃雄; Cinggaltai 清格尔泰 (1986). Bǎo'ānyǔ hé Ménggǔyǔ 保安语和蒙古语 [Baoan and Mongolian Languages] (in Chinese). Huhehaote: Neimenggu renmin chubanshe.
Fried, Robert Wayne (2010). A Grammar of Bao'an Tu: A Mongolic Language of Northwest China (Ph.D. thesis). State University of New York at Buffalo. ProQuest 578487588 – via ProQuest.
February 18, 2023
bonan, language, pronounced, aoˈnaŋ, baonang, chinese, 保安语, bǎo, ānyǔ, amdo, tibetan, dorké, mongolic, language, bonan, people, china, 1985, spoken, about, people, including, about, total, bonan, ethnic, population, many, ethnic, monguor, gansu, qinghai, provi. The Bonan language pronounced p aoˈnaŋ Baonang Chinese 保安语 Bǎo anyǔ Amdo Tibetan Dorke is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China As of 1985 it was spoken by about 8 000 people including about 75 of the total Bonan ethnic population and many ethnic Monguor in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces There are several dialects which are influenced to varying degrees but always heavily by Chinese and Tibetan while bilingualism in Wutun is less common The most commonly studied is the Tongren dialect There is no writing system in use 2 The language is also referred to as Manegacha natively 3 BonanNative toChinaRegionGansu QinghaiNative speakers6 000 1999 1 Language familyMongolic Shirongolic fr BonanLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code peh class extiw title iso639 3 peh peh a Glottologbona1250ELPGansu BonanQinghai BonanBonan is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World s Languages in DangerThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Contents 1 Phonology 2 Morphology 3 Syntax 4 Notes 5 ReferencesPhonology EditBonan phonology has been heavily influenced by Tibetan Consonants possess a voicedness contrast Initial consonant clusters of mostly falling sonority are present in native words as are heavy diphthongs though the content of both is heavily restricted The possible word initial consonant clusters in Bonan are mp nt nt ɕ ntʂ ŋk tʰx xt ɕ rt ɕ lt ɕ ft fk ʂp ʂk Nantoq Baoan has six vowels a e e i ɵ u with long counterparts for all except e 4 Consonants Labial Alveolar Retroflex Alveolo palatal Velar Uvular GlottalStop voiceless p t kvoiced b d g ɢAffricate voiceless t s t ɕvoiced d z d ʑFricative voiceless f s ʂ ɕ x hvoiced ʑNasal m n ŋApproximant l j wTrill rMorphology EditBonan like other Mongolic languages is agglutinative There are five case markings for Bonan nouns Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Locative Ablative Comparative and Instrumentative Verbal morphology is quite complex Evidentiality is marked in the indicative mood as definite or indefinite with a specific suffix or with an auxiliary verb The present definite is used to mark naturally occurring phenomena while the present indefinite indicates the habits of animals The indefinite may also mark volition The future continuous and perfective suffixes also possess markers for evidentiality that are often used to mark negation Syntax EditBonan has a primary SOV subject object verb but topicalization of an object is common It is known for its peculiar double marking of the copula A Mongolic copula of which there are several with different meanings comes sentence finally following Bonan SOV word order while a copula ʂɪ from Chinese ʂɨ to be appears between the copula s subject and complement as in Chinese SVO word order This Chinese copula is optional and is used to emphasize the subject The definite but not indefinite copula can also act as a participle following some finite verbs For example enethisʂɪCOPkuŋʂe necommune GENt ɕʰitʂecaroIND COPene ʂɪ kuŋʂe ne t ɕʰitʂe othis COP commune GEN car IND COP This is the commune s car Buhe amp Liu 1985 65 Uniquely among Mongolic languages adjectives follow the noun they modify This is due to Tibetan influence Notes Edit Bonan at Ethnologue 16th ed 2009 Mi Shoujiang You Jia 2004 Islam in China Translated by Min Chang China Intercontinental Press p 57 ISBN 7 5085 0533 6 Gerald Roche on Facebook Facebook Archived from the original on 2022 04 27 user generated source Nugteren Hans 2011 Mongolic Phonology and the Qinghai Gansu Languages Ph D thesis Leiden University hdl 1887 18188 References EditUjiyediin Chuluu Chaolu Wu 1994 Introduction Grammar and Sample Sentences for Baoan PDF Sino Platonic Papers 58 Bu He 布和 Liu Zhaoxiong 刘照雄 eds 1982 Bǎo anyǔ jiǎnzhi 保安语简志 A Brief Description of Baonan in Chinese Beijing Renmin chubanshe Chen Naixiong 陈乃雄 ed 1985 Bǎo anyǔ cihui 保安语词汇 Baoan Vocabulary in Chinese Huhehaote Neimenggu renmin chubanshe ed 1986 Bǎo anyǔ huayǔ cailiao 保安语话语材料 Baoan Language Materials in Chinese Huhehaote Neimenggu renmin chubanshe Chen Naixiong 陈乃雄 Cinggaltai 清格尔泰 1986 Bǎo anyǔ he Menggǔyǔ 保安语和蒙古语 Baoan and Mongolian Languages in Chinese Huhehaote Neimenggu renmin chubanshe Fried Robert Wayne 2010 A Grammar of Bao an Tu A Mongolic Language of Northwest China Ph D thesis State University of New York at Buffalo ProQuest 578487588 via ProQuest Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bonan language amp oldid 1134714963, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
