Two of the sixteen consonants, /ʙ̥, h/ occur infrequently. /ʙ̥/ only occurs in expressive words, or before the vowel /u/. /h/ only occurs after a coronal consonant, like /a/ or /u/.[clarification needed] There is also a specially rare occurrence of two implosive consonants, /ɓ/ and /ɗ/.[3]
The language is spoken by a people which includes groups that are still uncontacted. They live mainly in three villages: Cachoeira Seca, Laranjal and Maia. However, the natives of the latter have switched to Portuguese, while 85 speakers still remain in Cachoeira Seca and 250 in Laranjal.
Animal talkedit
Linguist Isaac Costa de Souza studied the language and concluded some words were modified when used to talk to different animals.[3] The table below shows some modified words used when speaking to a capuchin monkey.
Normal word
Capuchin word
English gloss
ɔɛt
ɔɛgɛt
rubber tree
aɛ
aɛge
wasp
ikpa
ikpaga
mud
kuɾi
kuligi
bead
kɔk
kɔgɔk
night, evening
nu
nugu
tumour, abscess
paɾu
palugu
water
Different modifications are used according to the species of animal being addressed. The word ikpa, for example, might be modified as tɔkpa when addressing a dog, or as ĩkpã when addressing a howler monkey. Specific modifications may be used when talking to woodpeckers, tortoises, and coatis, among other animals.
Referencesedit
^Arára at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^Carvalho, Fernando O. de (2020). Tocantins Apiaká, Parirí and Yarumá as Members of the Pekodian Branch (Cariban). Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas - RBLI. Macapá, v. 3, n. 1, p. 85-93, 2020.
^ abIsaac Costa de Souza, 2010, A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara 2013-10-12 at the Wayback Machine, M.A. thesis, University of North Dakota.
External linksedit
Lev, Michael; Stark, Tammy; Chang, Will (2012). "Phonological inventory of Arára, Pará". The South American Phonological Inventory Database (version 1.1.3 ed.). Berkeley: University of California: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource.
pará, arára, language, confused, with, mato, grosso, arára, language, arára, cariban, language, pará, brazil, spoken, arara, perhaps, other, related, groups, arárapará, aráraparirínative, tobrazilregionparáethnicityarara, peoplenative, speakers340, 2010, langu. Not to be confused with Mato Grosso Arara language Arara is a Cariban language of Para Brazil It is spoken by the Arara and perhaps other related groups AraraPara AraraPaririNative toBrazilRegionParaEthnicityArara peopleNative speakers340 2010 1 Language familyCariban PekodianAraraAraraLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code aap class extiw title iso639 3 aap aap a Glottologpara1310 Arara forms part of the Kampot dialect cluster along with Ikpeng Apiaka do Tocantins Pariri and Yaruma 2 Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 2 Area 3 Animal talk 4 References 5 External linksPhonology editConsonants edit Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal Nasal m n ŋ Stop voiceless p t k voiced b d ɡ Affricate tʃ Trill ʙ Tap ɾ Fricative h Approximant w l j Two of the sixteen consonants ʙ h occur infrequently ʙ only occurs in expressive words or before the vowel u h only occurs after a coronal consonant like a or u clarification needed There is also a specially rare occurrence of two implosive consonants ɓ and ɗ 3 Vowels edit Front Central Back High i ɯ u Mid ɛ ɔ Low aArea editThe language is spoken by a people which includes groups that are still uncontacted They live mainly in three villages Cachoeira Seca Laranjal and Maia However the natives of the latter have switched to Portuguese while 85 speakers still remain in Cachoeira Seca and 250 in Laranjal Animal talk editLinguist Isaac Costa de Souza studied the language and concluded some words were modified when used to talk to different animals 3 The table below shows some modified words used when speaking to a capuchin monkey Normal word Capuchin word English gloss ɔɛt ɔɛgɛt rubber tree aɛ aɛge wasp ikpa ikpaga mud kuɾi kuligi bead kɔk kɔgɔk night evening nu nugu tumour abscess paɾu palugu water Different modifications are used according to the species of animal being addressed The word ikpa for example might be modified as tɔkpa when addressing a dog or as ĩkpa when addressing a howler monkey Specific modifications may be used when talking to woodpeckers tortoises and coatis among other animals References edit Arara at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Carvalho Fernando O de 2020 Tocantins Apiaka Pariri and Yaruma as Members of the Pekodian Branch Cariban Revista Brasileira de Linguas Indigenas RBLI Macapa v 3 n 1 p 85 93 2020 a b Isaac Costa de Souza 2010 A Phonological Description of Pet Talk in Arara Archived 2013 10 12 at the Wayback Machine M A thesis University of North Dakota External links editLev Michael Stark Tammy Chang Will 2012 Phonological inventory of Arara Para The South American Phonological Inventory Database version 1 1 3 ed Berkeley University of California Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Digital Resource nbsp This article related to the Indigenous languages of the Americas is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Para Arara language amp oldid 1190547891, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
