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40s BC

This article concerns the period 49 BC – 40 BC.

From left, clockwise: Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon; Fire of Alexandria following a Roman siege; Assassination of Pompey the Great; Assassination of Julius Caesar.

Events edit

49 BC

By place and Date edit

Roman Republic edit

48 BC edit

By place edit

Roman Republic edit
Egypt edit
  • September 28 – Pompey the Great is assassinated on the orders of King Ptolemy XIII, after landing in Egypt (may have occurred September 29, records unclear).
  • October – Julius Caesar reaches Alexandria, a city founded by Alexander the Great. He is met by an Egyptian delegation from Ptolemy XIII. The Egyptians offer him gifts: the ring of Pompey and his head.
  • Queen Cleopatra VII returns to the palace rolled into a Persian carpet and has it presented to Caesar by her servant. The Egyptian princess, only twenty-one years old, becomes his mistress.
  • December – Battle in Alexandria: Forces of Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII and Queen Arsinoe IV. The latter two are defeated and flee the city, but during the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire.
Asia edit

47 BC edit

By place edit

Roman Republic edit
Egypt edit
Anatolia edit
Judea edit
China edit

46 BC edit


By place edit

Roman Republic edit

By topic edit

45 BC edit

By place edit

Roman Republic edit
Asia edit

44 BC edit

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Roman Republic edit
Europe edit

43 BC edit

By place edit

Roman Republic edit
Gaul edit
Asia edit

42 BC edit

By place edit

Roman Republic edit

41 BC edit

By place edit

Roman Republic edit
Egypt edit

40 BC edit

By place edit

Roman Republic edit

Asia minor edit

Egypt edit
Igodomigodo Kingdom edit
  • Ogiso Igodo dissolves the Ik’edionwere Council (western Africa). establishes the Royal Council with members of the disbanded Ik’edionwere Council and the Odibo-Ogiso group. He names his combined territories, Igodomigodo with its capital at Ugbekun.[8]
Greece edit
Parthia edit
China edit

Significant people edit

Births

49 BC

48 BC

47 BC

46 BC

45 BC

44 BC

43 BC

42 BC

41 BC

40 BC

Deaths

49 BC

48 BC

47 BC

46 BC

45 BC

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42 BC

41 BC

40 BC

References edit

  1. ^ Strauss, Barry S. (2015). The death of Caesar : the story of history's most famous assassination. New York. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4516-6879-7. OCLC 883147929.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ King, Arienne. "Caesarion". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  3. ^ ARENA, VALENTINA (2007). "Invocation to Liberty and Invective of "Dominatus" at the End of the Roman Republic". Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. 50: 49–73. doi:10.1111/j.2041-5370.2007.tb00264.x. ISSN 0076-0730. JSTOR 43646694.
  4. ^ Pippidi, D. M. (1976). Dictionar de istorie veche a României: (paleolitic-sec.X) (in Romanian). Editura științifică și enciclopedică. pp. 116–117.
  5. ^ a b Fishwick, Duncan (2004). The Imperial Cult in the Latin West III, Part 3. Brill. p. 250. ISBN 9789047412762.
  6. ^ Warfare in the Classical World, John Warry (1980), p. 177. ISBN 0-8061-2794-5
  7. ^ Haskell, H. J.: This was Cicero (1964), p. 293
  8. ^ "IGODOMIGODO: Meaning and Story Behind Igodomigodo". August 26, 2019.
  9. ^ "Pompey the Great | Roman statesman | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2 December 2022.

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This article concerns the period 49 BC 40 BC From left clockwise Julius Caesar crossing the Rubicon Fire of Alexandria following a Roman siege Assassination of Pompey the Great Assassination of Julius Caesar Contents 1 Events 1 1 49 BC 1 1 1 By place and Date 1 1 1 1 Roman Republic 1 2 48 BC 1 2 1 By place 1 2 1 1 Roman Republic 1 2 1 2 Egypt 1 2 1 3 Asia 1 3 47 BC 1 3 1 By place 1 3 1 1 Roman Republic 1 3 1 2 Egypt 1 3 1 3 Anatolia 1 3 1 4 Judea 1 3 1 5 China 1 4 46 BC 1 4 1 By place 1 4 1 1 Roman Republic 1 4 2 By topic 1 5 45 BC 1 5 1 By place 1 5 1 1 Roman Republic 1 5 1 2 Asia 1 6 44 BC 1 6 1 By place 1 6 1 1 Roman Republic 1 6 1 2 Europe 1 7 43 BC 1 7 1 By place 1 7 1 1 Roman Republic 1 7 1 2 Gaul 1 7 1 3 Asia 1 8 42 BC 1 8 1 By place 1 8 1 1 Roman Republic 1 9 41 BC 1 9 1 By place 1 9 1 1 Roman Republic 1 9 1 2 Egypt 1 10 40 BC 1 10 1 By place 1 10 1 1 Roman Republic 1 10 2 Asia minor 1 10 2 1 Egypt 1 10 2 2 Igodomigodo Kingdom 1 10 2 3 Greece 1 10 2 4 Parthia 1 10 2 5 China 2 Significant people 3 Births 4 Deaths 5 ReferencesEvents edit49 BC This section is transcluded from 49 BC edit history By place and Date edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus Gaius Claudius Marcellus Caesar s Civil War commences January 1 The Roman Senate receives a proposal from Julius Caesar that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command January 10 Caesar leads his army across the Rubicon which separates his jurisdiction in Cisalpine Gaul from that of the Senate in Rome and thus initiates a civil war In response the Senate invokes the senatus consultum ultimum February Pompey s flight to Epirus in Western Greece with most of the Senate March 9 Caesar advances against Pompeian forces in Spain April 19 Siege of Massilia Caesar commences a siege at Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus He leaves the newly raised legions XVII XVIII and XIX to conduct the siege Decimus Brutus victor over the Veneti see 56 BC is in charge of the fleet to blockade the harbor June Caesar arrives in Spain seizes the Pyrenees passes against the Pompeians L Afranius and Marcus Petreius June 7 Cicero slips out of Italy and goes to Thessaloniki July 30 Caesar surrounds Afranius and Petreius s army in Ilerda August 2 Pompeians in Ilerda surrender to Caesar and are granted pardon August 24 Caesar s general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia whom he defeated earlier in the Battle of Utica in the Battle of the Bagradas after which he commits suicide September Brutus defeats the combined Pompeian Massilian naval forces of the siege of Massilia while the Caesarian fleet in the Adriatic Sea is defeated near Curicta Krk September 6 Massilia surrenders to Caesar as he is coming back from Spain October Caesar is appointed Dictator in Rome 48 BC edit This section is transcluded from 48 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus Caesar is named consul for a period of five years Caesar s Civil War January 4 Julius Caesar lands at Dyrrhachium Durazzo March Mark Antony joins Julius Caesar April Siege of Dyrrhachium Julius Caesar builds a fortified line of entrenchments and besieges Pompey the Great The Roman temple to Bellona on the Capitolinus outside Rome is burnt to the ground May Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus co consul with Julius Caesar destroys Caelius s magistrate s chair on his tribunal July 10 Battle of Dyrrhachium Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia he retreats to Thessaly August 9 Battle of Pharsalus Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus who flees to Egypt Pompey s army by and large is pardoned Winter Siege of Oricum Julius Caesar captures the strategic city port of Oricum in Epirus modern Albania The garrison opens the town s gate and Lucius Manlius Torquatus surrenders to Caesar December Battle of Nicopolis King Pharnaces II of Pontus defeats the Roman forces under Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus a loyal partisan of Julius Caesar Egypt edit September 28 Pompey the Great is assassinated on the orders of King Ptolemy XIII after landing in Egypt may have occurred September 29 records unclear October Julius Caesar reaches Alexandria a city founded by Alexander the Great He is met by an Egyptian delegation from Ptolemy XIII The Egyptians offer him gifts the ring of Pompey and his head Queen Cleopatra VII returns to the palace rolled into a Persian carpet and has it presented to Caesar by her servant The Egyptian princess only twenty one years old becomes his mistress December Battle in Alexandria Forces of Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII and those of rival King Ptolemy XIII and Queen Arsinoe IV The latter two are defeated and flee the city but during the battle part of the Library of Alexandria catches fire Asia edit Yuan becomes emperor of the Han Dynasty until 33 BC 47 BC edit This section is transcluded from 47 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Quintus Fufius Calenus Publius Vatinius Civil War August Julius Caesar quells a mutiny of his veterans in Rome October Caesar s invasion of Africa against Metellus Scipio and Labienus Caesar s former lieutenant in Gaul Egypt edit January 13 Queen Cleopatra VII promotes her younger brother Ptolemy XIV of Egypt to co ruler February Caesar and his ally Cleopatra VII of Egypt defeat the forces of the rival Egyptian Queen Arsinoe IV in the Battle of the Nile Ptolemy is killed Caesar with the aid of Mithridates I of the Bosporus then relieves his besieged forces in Alexandria Anatolia edit August 2 Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus king of the Bosphorus in the Battle of Zela the war Caesar tersely describes as veni vidi vici Judea edit Battle at Mount Tabor in Judea Roman troops commanded by Gabinius defeat the forces of Alexander son of Aristobulus II of Judea who is attempting to re establish Judean independence Some 10 000 Jews die at the hands of the Romans China edit Feng Yuan becomes consort to Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty 46 BC edit This section is transcluded from 46 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Civil War January 4 Titus Labienus fights Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina April 6 Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio and Juba I of Numidia at Thapsus After the battle Caesar grants Legio V Alaudae the right to bear the elephant symbol on its shields and standards for bravery against a charge of elephants April 20 Cicero in Rome writes to Varro If our voices are no longer heard in the Senate and in the Forum let us follow the example of the ancient sages and serve our country through our writings concentrating on questions of ethics and constitutional law Caesar s erstwhile mistress Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt and his son by her Caesarion take up residence in one of the dictator s estates on the Tiber September 26 Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to his mythical ancestor Venus Genetrix in fulfillment of a vow he made at the battle of Pharsalus November Caesar leaves for Hispania to deal with a fresh outbreak of resistance Caesar reforms the Roman calendar to create the Julian calendar The transitional year is extended to 445 days to synchronize the new calendar and the seasonal cycle The Julian Calendar would remain the standard in the western world for over 1600 years until superseded by the Gregorian Calendar in 1582 Caesar appoints his nephew Octavian his heir Caesar subdues a mutiny of his Tenth Legion Caesar celebrates his Gallic Triumph after which Vercingetorix is executed The celebrations run for forty days in Rome and include public banquets plays and gladiatorial games By topic edit 45 BC edit This section is transcluded from 45 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar without colleague January 1 The Julian calendar takes effect as the civil calendar of the Roman Empire establishing a solar calendar that is based on the Egyptian calendar of the day March 17 Civil War In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda Labienus dies in battle Pompey the younger is executed but Sextus Pompey escapes to take command of the remnants of the Pompeian fleet The veterans of Julius Caesar s Legions Legio XIII Gemina and Legio X Equestris demobilize The veterans of the 10th legion are settled in Narbo while those of the 13th are given somewhat better lands in Italia itself Caesar is named dictator for life Caesar probably writes his Commentaries in this year Asia edit Possible first year of the Azes I Era 44 BC edit This section is transcluded from 44 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar and Mark Antony February Rome celebrates the festival of the Lupercal Mark Antony twice presents Caesar with a royal diadem urging him to take it and declare himself king He refuses this offer and orders the crown to be placed in the Temple of Jupiter March 15 the Ides of March Julius Caesar dictator of Rome is assassinated by a group of senators amongst them Gaius Cassius Longinus Marcus Junius Brutus and Caesar s Massilian naval commander Decimus Brutus 1 March 20 Caesar s funeral is held Marcus Antony gives a eulogy and in his speech he makes accusations of murder and ensures a permanent breach with the conspirators against Caesar He snatches Caesar s bloody tunic and purple toga to show the crowd the stab wounds the citizens tear apart the forum and cremate their Caesar on a makeshift pyre Antony becomes the highest ranking politician in Rome April Octavian returns from Apollonia in Dalmatia to Rome to take up Caesar s inheritance against advice from Atia his mother and Caesar s niece and consul Antony April 18 April 21 Octavian engages in a charm offensive with consular Cicero who is fulminating against Mark Antony June Antony is granted a five year governorship of northern and central Transalpine Gaul France and Cisalpine Gaul Northern Italy September 2 Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion 2 The first of Cicero s Philippicae oratorical attacks on Antony is published He will make 14 of them over the next several months 3 December Antony besieges Brutus Albinus in Mutina Modena with Octavian an ally of Decimus who is one of his uncle s assassins close by Europe edit Comosicus succeeds Burebista as king of Dacia 4 43 BC edit This section is transcluded from 43 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Aulus Hirtius The Roman Senate confirms Octavian as propraetor with joint responsibility for the campaign against Antony Hirtius and Octavian mobilize troops for the march to Mutina while Pansa continues the levy Embassy dispatched to treat with Antony January 7 Octavian is given imperium marking the start of his public career 5 Marcus Junius Brutus proceeds to secure his position in Thrace and Macedonia Gaius Cassius Longinus campaigns in Syria and defeats the army of Publius Cornelius Dolabella at Laodicea March Vibius Pansa set out to link up with Hirtius and Octavian bringing four legions of recruits having left one the legio urbana to defend Rome April 14 Battle of Forum Gallorum Mark Antony besieging Caesar s assassin Decimus Brutus Albinus in Mutina defeats the forces of the consul Pansa but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul Hirtius Both consuls are killed Hirtius does not die until after the Battle of Mutina April 16 Octavian is first proclaimed imperator by his troops 5 April 21 Cicero s 14th and last Philippic Antony is again defeated in the Battle of Mutina by a coalition of Octavian Decimus Brutus and the two consuls of the year Antony marches to Parma which is sacked and Placentia He then crosses the Ligurian Alps to Vada Sabatia 50 km 31 mi south west of Genoa and joins with Aemilius Lepidus soon after Decimus Brutus is killed by brigands The Senate declares Antony a hostis an enemy of the state Sextus Pompey becomes supreme commander of the Roman navy and Gaius Cassius proconsul of Syria Summer Gaius Cassius captures Rhodes after they refuse to pay tribute Their fleet is defeated by Roman galleys in the Aegean Sea He lands a military force on the island and plunders the city Cassius puts to death 50 of the leading citizens and seizes all the gold he can lay hands on 6 July August Antony is again at the head of a large army Octavian enters Rome in force without opposition It is clear that Cicero s plan to divide them against each other has failed August 19 Octavian takes office as consul He s prevailed to pass the lex Pedia a law establishing the murder of Caesar as a capital crime November 26 Octavian meets Antony and Lepidus in Bononia and the three enter into an official five year autocratic pact the Second Triumvirate see lex Titia To cement their reconciliation Octavian agrees to marry Claudia a daughter of Antony s wife Fulvia by her former husband Publius Clodius Pulcher November The triumvirs introduce proscriptions in which allegedly 130 senators and 2 000 equites are branded as outlaws and deprived of their property December 7 Marcus Tullius Cicero is killed in Formiae in a litter going to the seaside by a party led by Herennius a centurion and Popilius a military tribune His head and hands are displayed on the Rostra in the Forum Romanum 7 Gaul edit Lugdunum modern day Lyon is founded First reference to Cularo Grenoble Asia edit According to legend Nagasena creates the Emerald Buddha figurine in Patna India 42 BC edit This section is transcluded from 42 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit January Publius Vatinius governor of Illyricum seizes Dyrrachium and is forced to surrender his army three legions to Marcus Junius Brutus Marcus Brutus begins to plunder the cities of Asia Minor in order to obtain money and soldiers The inhabitants of Lycia refuse to submit to Rome and Brutus besieges Xanthus After destroying their suburbs the Xanthians withdraw into the heavily fortified city The Roman legionaries 2 000 men force the gate and fight their way into the forum The citizens make a last stand by the temple of Sarpedon and as night falls the Roman army conquers the city The confederation of Lycia sends ambassadors to Brutus promising to form a military league and contribute money for building ships Gaius Cassius Longinus occupies Rhodes and orders all the other cities of Asia to pay a tribute for 10 years July Mark Antony lands with an army 28 legions in Illyria leaving Octavian ill at Dyrrachium and marches to Amphipolis Admiral Ahenobarbus with the Republican fleet 130 warships blockades the Adriatic Sea August Lucius Decidius Saxa and Gaius Norbanus Flaccus are appointed by Mark Antony to lead an advanced force of eight legions to Macedonia along the Via Egnatia into Thrace September Brutus and Cassius cross the Hellespont They march to Doriscus but further progress is blocked by Saxa s occupation of the Corpili Pass Saxa retreats to link up with Norbanus at the Sapaei Pass The Republicans outflank the enemy forging an alternate route through the mountains in the north Brutus and Cassius advance to Philippi and build fortifications Antony links up with Norbanus and Saxa at Amphipolis Octavian arrives on a litter 10 days later In Sicily Sextus Pompeius leads the naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea against the triumvirs He blockades the grain routes from Spain and Africa October 3 First Battle of Philippi The Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar s assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius The Roman forces including 2 000 Spartans who have just arrived are routed Octavian takes refuge in the marsh Cassius camp is captured by Antony s men and wrongly fearing that Brutus is dead Cassius commits suicide He orders his freedman Pindarus to kill him Brutus fearing the impact on morale secretly buries his beheaded body on Thasos The Republican navy in the Adriatic intercept and destroy the supply ships with two legions of the Triumvirs October 23 Second Battle of Philippi Brutus army is defeated by Antony and Octavian The Triumvirs smash through the weakened Republican centre and take Brutus s right wing in their flank After the battle 14 000 legionaries lay down their arms Brutus flees to the heights of Philippi where he commits suicide the following day After the victory Brutus body is brought to Antonius camp where he casts his purple paludamentum over his dead body and orders an honourable funeral for his erstwhile comrade The Republican cause is crushed and Rome rests in the hands of the Second Triumvirate Octavian returns to Rome and arranges for 40 000 veterans settlements in Campania Etruria Picenum Samnium Umbria and in northern Italy 41 BC edit This section is transcluded from 41 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Lucius Antonius and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus Perusine War An armed resistance breaks out across Italy the Umbrian city of Sentinum is captured and destroyed by Quintus Salvidienus Rufus Lucius Antonius occupies Perusia He accepts the appeal of the local population Lucius and Fulvia are defeated by Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian in the Battle of Perugia Egypt edit Mark Antony meets Cleopatra VII in Tarsus Cilicia and forms an alliance He returns to Alexandria with her and they become lovers in the winter of 41 40 BC To safeguard herself and Caesarion she has Antony order the execution of her half sister Arsinoe IV who is living at the temple of Artemis in Ephesus 40 BC edit This section is transcluded from 40 BC edit history By place edit Roman Republic edit Consuls Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus and Gaius Asinius Pollio Siege of Perusia trying a last attempt to break the siege which fails Lucius Antonius surrenders to Octavian His life is spared but the citizens are executed or sold into slavery Fulvia flees with her children and is exiled to Sicyon where she dies of a sudden illness Spring Quintus Salvidienus Rufus marches to Transalpine Gaul to take command of the eleven legions after the death of Quintus Fufius Calenus Octavian divorces Claudia and marries Scribonia a sister of Lucius Scribonius Libo and a follower of Sextus May Gaius Claudius Marcellus a distinguished member of the Claudii dies He leaves Octavia the Younger the elder sister of Octavian widowed She will later marry Mark Antony Sextus Pompey dispatches Menas with four legions and captures Sardinia driving out Octavian s governor Marcus Lurius He seizes the capital Caralis and occupies Corsica Sextus besieges Cosenza in Bruttium and Thurii in Lucania ravaging the territory with his cavalry Sextus fleet raids the ports of Puteoli and Ostia The populace hold the Triumvirs responsible for prolonging the war provoking a riot on the Forum Octavian with the Praetorian Guard goes to intercept the riot and only escapes with his life because Antony summons troops to rescue his junior colleague Treaty of Brundisium The Triumvirs agrees to divide the Roman Republic into spheres of influence Gaius Octavian styles himself Imperator Caesar and takes control of the Western provinces Mark Antony is given the Eastern provinces the River Drin the boundary between the provinces Illyricum and Macedonia is to serve as their frontier Marcus Aemilius Lepidus controls Hispania and Africa The treaty is cemented by the marriage of Antony and Octavia the Younger Asia minor edit Quintus Labienus occupies Cilicia and marches with an army into Anatolia Most cities surrender without resistance except for Alabanda and Mylasa The Parthians restore their territory to nearly the limits of the old Achaemenid Empire Labienus proclaims himself Parthian Emperor of Asia Minor Egypt edit Mark Antony leaves Alexandria After receiving news of the outcome at Perusia while en route to Phoenicia he sets sail for Italy meeting the ambassadors of Sextus Pompey in Athens Igodomigodo Kingdom edit Ogiso Igodo dissolves the Ik edionwere Council western Africa establishes the Royal Council with members of the disbanded Ik edionwere Council and the Odibo Ogiso group He names his combined territories Igodomigodo with its capital at Ugbekun 8 Greece edit Athenodorus a philosopher encounters a ghost in Athens This popular story is one of the first poltergeist stories in history Parthia edit Pacorus crosses with the help of Quintus Labienus the Euphrates and invades Syria The capital Antioch surrenders and the Parthians take Phoenicia and Judea However they cannot besiege the fortified city of Tyre because they have no fleet Parthians conquer Jerusalem Hyrcanus II is removed from power while Antigonus the Hasmonean becomes king of Judea under Parthian rule Herod the Great flees Jerusalem to Rome There he is titled king of Judea by Mark Antony China edit The Ji Jiu Pian dictionary published about this year during the Han Dynasty is the earliest known reference to the hydraulic powered trip hammer device Significant people editJulius Caesar Roman dictator lived 100 44 BC term 46 44 BC Marcus Junius Brutus Roman politician 85 42 BC Mark Antony Roman politician and general 83 30 BC Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt lived 70 69 30 BC reigned 51 30 BC enters her twenties has son Caesarion with Julius Caesar before meeting Mark Antony Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus Roman politician and general 62 BC AD 14 Pharaoh Ptolemy XV Caesarion lived 47 30 BC reigned 44 30 BC Gaius Cassius Longinus Roman politician died 42 BC BirthsTranscluding articles 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC and 40 BC 49 BC Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus Roman consul d 25 AD 48 BC Lady Ban Chinese concubine and female poet Lucius Calpurnius Piso Roman consul d AD 32 Publius Cornelius Scipio Roman consul and governor47 BC June 23 Caesarion prince of Egypt later Ptolemy XV d 30 BC Marcus Antonius Antyllus son of Mark Antony and Fulvia d 30 BC 46 BC Antipater son of Herod the Great d 4 BC Lucius Seius Strabo Roman prefect of the Praetorian Guard d 16 AD Publius Quinctilius Varus Roman politician and general d 9 AD 45 BC Iullus Antonius son of Mark Antony and Fulvia consul 10 BC d 2 BC Wang Mang usurper of the Han Dynasty and Emperor of the Xin Dynasty d AD 23 44 BC Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso Roman statesman and governor d 20 AD 43 BC March 20 Publius Ovidius Naso Ovid Roman poet d AD 17 18 Iotapa princess of Media Atropatene daughter of Artavasdes I Iullus Antonius Roman consul son of Mark Antony d 2 BC 42 BC November 16 Tiberius Roman emperor d 37 AD Marcus Claudius Marcellus nephew of Augustus d 23 BC 41 BC Gaius Asinius Gallus Saloninus Roman consul under Caesar Augustus d AD 33 40 BC Ariobarzanes II Roman client king of Armenia d 4 AD Cleopatra Selene d AD 6 and Alexander Helios d between 29 and 25 BC twins of Cleopatra VII and Mark AntonyDeathsTranscluding articles 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC and 40 BC 49 BC January 10 Xuan of Han emperor of the Han dynasty b 91 BC Aristobulus II king and high priest of Judea Gaius Memmius Roman orator and poet presumed Gaius Scribonius Curio Roman politician Jieyou princess of the Han Dynasty b 121 BC Marcus Perperna Roman politician Zheng Ji general of the Han Dynasty48 BC September 28 Pompey the Great Roman politician b 106 BC 9 Afriana Carfania Roman orator Cotys I Thracian client king of the Odrysian Kingdom Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Roman statesman Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus Roman politician Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus Roman politician Titus Annius Milo Roman politician Zhang Chang Chinese scholar and official47 BC Pharnaces II of Pontus king of the Bosporan Kingdom b c 97 BC Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator king of Egypt drowned in the Nile Alexander Hasmonean prince executed 46 BC April 12 Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger Roman politician b 95 BC commits suicide Faustus Cornelius Sulla Roman politician and quaestor Juba I king of Numidia killed after the Battle of Thapsus Saburra General of Juba I killed in battle by Publius Sittius Lucius Afranius Roman consul and governor b 112 BC Lucius Manlius Torquatus Roman politician and general Marcus Petreius Roman politician and general b 110 BC commits suicide Quintus Caecilius Metellus Scipio Roman consul and general commits suicide Vercingetorix Gaulish king and chieftain of the Arverni tribe executed at the end of a triumph 45 BC February Tullia daughter of Cicero b 79 BC or 78 BC March 17 Titus Labienus Roman general killed in the Battle of Munda b c 100 BC Publius Attius Varus Roman governor killed in the Battle of Munda April 12 Gnaeus Pompeius son of Pompey the Great executed after the Battle of Munda December 31 Quintus Fabius Maximus Roman general and politician Nigidius Figulus Roman scholar b 98 BC Publius Cornelius Sulla Roman politician44 BC March 15 Julius Caesar Roman politician and general assassinated in the Senate b 100 BC July 26 Ptolemy XIV king pharaoh of Egypt approximate date Burebista Thracian king of the Getae and Dacian tribes Lucius Caninius Gallus Roman politician Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus Roman consul Publius Sittius Roman Mercenary commander43 BC April 22 Gaius Vibius Pansa Roman consul and general killed in battle December 7 Cicero Roman statesman and orator murdered b 106 BC Antipater the Idumaean Jewish founder of the Herodian dynasty murdered Atia niece of Julius Caesar and mother of Augustus b 85 BC Aulus Hirtius Roman consul and historian killed in battle Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus Roman statesman murdered b c 81 BC Decimus Laberius Roman nobleman and Latin writer b c 105 BC Gaius Trebonius Roman politician assassin of Julius Caesar Gaius Verres Roman politician and governor b c 120 BC Lucius Calpurnius Piso Roman consul and governor b c 100 BC Lucius Minucius Basilus Roman politician assassin of Julius Caesar murdered by his own slaves Lucius Roscius Fabatus Roman politician killed in battle Pontius Aquila Roman politician assassin of Julius Caesar Publius Cornelius Dolabella suffect consul after the assassination of Julius Caesar b 70 BC Publilius Syrus Syrian comic dramatist and Latin writer Quintus Pedius suffect consul after the assassination of Julius Caesar Quintus Tullius Cicero Roman statesman and general b 102 BC Servius Sulpicius Rufus Roman politician and jurist b c 106 BC 42 BC October 3 Gaius Cassius Longinus Roman nobleman assassin of Julius Caesar suicide October 23 Marcus Junius Brutus Roman politician assassin of Julius Caesar b 85 BC Gaius Antonius Roman general and brother of Mark Antony murdered Lucius Tillius Cimber Roman nobleman assassin of Julius Caesar Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus Roman nobleman and supporter of Brutus suicide Marcus Porcius Cato Roman nobleman and son of Cato the Younger killed in battle Porcia wife of Brutus suicide approximate date b c 70 BC Publius Servilius Casca Longus Roman nobleman assassin of Julius Caesar Pacuvius Labeo Roman jurist assassin of Julius Caesar suicide 41 BC Arsinoe IV Egyptian princess and half sister of Cleopatra VII b 68 or 67 BC Pasherienptah III Egyptian High Priest of Ptah b 90 BC Serapion Egyptian general strategos and governor40 BC Fulvia wife of Publius Clodius Pulcher and Mark Antony b 77 BC Gaius Claudius Marcellus Roman consul b 88 BC Lucius Decidius Saxa Roman general and governor Phasael prince of the Herodian Dynasty of Judea Quintus Fufius Calenus Roman general and consul Quintus Salvidienus Rufus Roman general and advisor Simeon ben Shetach Pharisee scholar and prince Nasi Tigellius Sardinian lyric poet close friend of Julius Caesar References edit Strauss Barry S 2015 The death of Caesar the story of history s most famous assassination New York p 114 ISBN 978 1 4516 6879 7 OCLC 883147929 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link King Arienne Caesarion World History Encyclopedia Retrieved 29 August 2020 ARENA VALENTINA 2007 Invocation to Liberty and Invective of Dominatus at the End of the Roman Republic Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 50 49 73 doi 10 1111 j 2041 5370 2007 tb00264 x ISSN 0076 0730 JSTOR 43646694 Pippidi D M 1976 Dictionar de istorie veche a Romaniei paleolitic sec X in Romanian Editura științifică și enciclopedică pp 116 117 a b Fishwick Duncan 2004 The Imperial Cult in the Latin West III Part 3 Brill p 250 ISBN 9789047412762 Warfare in the Classical World John Warry 1980 p 177 ISBN 0 8061 2794 5 Haskell H J This was Cicero 1964 p 293 IGODOMIGODO Meaning and Story Behind Igodomigodo August 26 2019 Pompey the Great Roman statesman Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 2 December 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 40s BC amp oldid 1087062367, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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