fbpx
Wikipedia

Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene

January 20, 2023

Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene, also known as Artavasdes I of Atropatene[2] (before or about 59 BC[3]-about 20 BC[3]) and Artabazus,[4][5] was a Prince who served as a King of Media Atropatene.[6] Artavasdes I was an enemy of King Artavasdes II of Armenia and his son Artaxias II. He was a contemporary with the Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII and Roman Triumvir Mark Antony, as Artavasdes I was mentioned in their diplomatic affairs.[7]

Artavasdes I
King
Coin of Artavasdes I
ReignMedia Atropatene 56 BC–30 BC, Lesser Armenia 30 BC–20 BC[1]
PredecessorAriobarzanes I
SuccessorAsinnalus
BornAbout 59 BC
DiedAbout 20 BC (aged 39)
Rome
IssueIotapa
Ariobarzanes II
Darius II
FatherAriobarzanes I

Family background and early life

Artavasdes I was of Median and possibly of Armenian, Greek descent. He was the child born to Ariobarzanes I by an unnamed wife.[3] His probable paternal uncle could have been Darius I.[8] He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Media Atropatene. Artavasdes I is the namesake of his ancestor, Artabazanes a previous ruling King of Media Atropatene in the 3rd century BC, as the name Artavasdes is a variation of the name Artabazanes (see Asha).

According to modern genealogies the father of Artavasdes I, Ariobarzanes I was a son of a previous ruling King Mithridates I of Media Atropatene and his wife, an unnamed Armenian Princess from the Artaxiad Dynasty who was a daughter of the Armenian King Tigranes the Great and his wife, Cleopatra of Pontus,[9][10] which can explain the claims of Mithridates I's descendants to the Armenian Kingship in opposition to the lasting ruling monarchs of the Artaxiad Dynasty. Another possibility in linking Artavasdes I to the marriage of Mithridates I and his wife is through his name. The name Artavasdes bears as a typical Armenian royal name and therefore, in all likelihood, Artavasdes I is a descendant of this marriage.

Reign as King

Artavasdes I succeeded his father as king, when Ariobarzanes I died in 56 BC.[3] When Mark Antony led his campaign against the Parthian Empire in 36 BC, Artavasdes I was an ally of the King Phraates IV of Parthia. Antony led his troops from Zeugma northward into Armenia and then invaded the domain of Artavasdes I. Antony did not want to attack Parthia from the west, which was the shortest way, but surprisingly from the north. Antony allegedly used this strategy on the advice of Artavasdes II of Armenia, the enemy of Artavasdes I.[11] Antony moved with his army in fast marches to Phraaspa, the strong fortified capital of Media Atropatene, where Artavasdes I had got his family to safety. Meantime Artavasdes I had joined the army of Phraates IV.

Antony was not able to take Phraaspa and besieged the city, but Artavasdes I and the Parthian commander Monaeses destroyed two legions of Antony's general, Oppius Statianus, who had slowly followed with the siege machines of the Antony's troops. Antony could not capture Phraaspa without these machines. Therefore, he had to withdraw to Armenia and Parthia was not invaded.[12]

So Artavasdes I had maintained his ground against the Romans but his domain had been severely ravaged. Besides his stronger ally Phraates IV treated him condescending and gave him only little booty and was near depriving him of his dominion. Therefore, in 35 BC Artavasdes I offered Antony an alliance against Parthia, and Antony gladly accepted.[13] To deepen this friendship Alexander Helios, the son of Antony and Cleopatra VII, was betrothed to Artavasdes I's daughter Iotapa, although both were infants in 34 BC.[14]

In 33 BC Antony met his coalition partner on the river Araxes; they agreed that Antony should support Artavasdes I against Parthia and that the Median King should help Antony against Octavian. They interchanged parts of their troops. The domain of Artavasdes I was enlarged with parts of Armenia. Antony had returned a standard that the Median king had taken from Oppius Statianus in 36 BC, and also took Iotapa along with him. With the help of the Roman reinforcements Artavasdes I was initially able to repulse the Parthian attack. Before the Battle of Actium, Antony called back his Roman troops without sending back the Median reinforcements. This time Artaxias II defeated Artavasdes I who was captured in 30 BC.[15]

During Artavasdes' imprisonment, a civil war between the Parthians later took place, which gave him the opportunity to escape prison. He took refuge with Augustus, who received him with friendliness,[16] gave him back his daughter Iotapa[17] and made him a Client King of Lesser Armenia.[18] He died around 20 BC probably in Rome.[19] Artavasdes I was succeeded in the Kingship of Media Atropatene by Asinnalus.

Issue

Inscription Evidence

In Rome, two Epitaph inscriptions have been found bearing the name of an Artavasdes. The Epitaphs are probably of the son and the grandson of a Median Atropatenian King called Ariobarzanes.[21] However it is uncertain, if the Ariobarzanes refers to Ariobarzanes I or his grandson Ariobarzanes II.[21] Artavasdes I is mentioned in paragraphs 27 and 33 of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti.

References

  1. ^ *Sullivan, Richard (1990). Near Eastern royalty and Rome, 100-30 BC. University of Toronto Press. pp. 298–299. ISBN 9780802026828.
  2. ^ Swan, The Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14), p.114
  3. ^ a b c d "Encyclopaedia Iranica - Artavasdes". Iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2013-10-12.
  4. ^ Artavasdes
  5. ^ Res Gestae Divi Augusti
  6. ^ Swan, The Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14), p.115
  7. ^ [1] Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randvölker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien); Temporini, Hildegard, Haas, and Wolfgang. (Published 1980) p.916
  8. ^ "Settipani on Baldwin on the Commagenian DFA Link Part 2 of 3". Archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 1998-08-17. Retrieved 2013-10-12.
  9. ^ Cassius Dio, 36.14
  10. ^ Toumanoff, Manual genealogy and chronology for the Christian Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Albania), p.p.81-82
  11. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History 49.25.1
  12. ^ Plutarch, Antony 38-40; Cassius Dio, Roman history 49.25-26; Strabo, Geographica 11, p. 523
  13. ^ Plutarch, Antony 52.1-3; Cassius Dio, Roman history 49.33.1-2
  14. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman history 49.40.2; Plutarch, Antony 53.12
  15. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman history 49.44.1-4
  16. ^ Monumentum Ancyranum 33
  17. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman history 51.16.2
  18. ^ Theodor Mommsen concludes this from Cassius Dio, Roman history 54.9.2
  19. ^ Compare his epitaph found in Rome: CIL VI 1798
  20. ^ Baldwin, Comments on "Iberian route"
  21. ^ a b "Azerbaijan iii. Pre-Islamic History, Atropates, Persian satrap of Media, made himself independent in 321 B.C. Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory as Media Atropatene or, less frequently, Media Minor: Parthian period". Iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2013-10-12.

Sources

  • Res Gestae Divi Augusti, 1st century
  • U. Wilcken, Artavasdes 2. article in Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, vol. II 1 col. 1309–1311, 1895
  • C. Toumanoff, Manual genealogy and chronology for the Christian Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Albania), p. 84 ED. Aquila, Rome, 1976
  • S. Baldwin, Comments on "Iberian route" DFA line, web, 1996
  • H. Werner, Ägypten in hellenistischer Zeit (Egypt in Hellenistic times), Munich, 2001
  • P.M. Swan, The Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio's Roman History, Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14) (Google eBook), Oxford University Press, 2004
  • Contents from Catalan, French and German Wikipedia
  • Encyclopaedia Iranica - Artavasdes
  • Settipani on Baldwin on the Commagenian DFA Link Part 2 of 3
  • Azerbaijan iii. Pre-Islamic History, Atropates, Persian satrap of Media, made himself independent in 321 B.C. Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory as Media Atropatene or, less frequently, Media Minor: Parthian period

January 20, 2023
artavasdes, media, atropatene, also, known, artavasdes, atropatene, before, about, about, artabazus, prince, served, king, media, atropatene, artavasdes, enemy, king, artavasdes, armenia, artaxias, contemporary, with, ptolemaic, greek, queen, cleopatra, roman,. Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene also known as Artavasdes I of Atropatene 2 before or about 59 BC 3 about 20 BC 3 and Artabazus 4 5 was a Prince who served as a King of Media Atropatene 6 Artavasdes I was an enemy of King Artavasdes II of Armenia and his son Artaxias II He was a contemporary with the Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII and Roman Triumvir Mark Antony as Artavasdes I was mentioned in their diplomatic affairs 7 Artavasdes IKingCoin of Artavasdes IReignMedia Atropatene 56 BC 30 BC Lesser Armenia 30 BC 20 BC 1 PredecessorAriobarzanes ISuccessorAsinnalusBornAbout 59 BCDiedAbout 20 BC aged 39 RomeIssueIotapaAriobarzanes IIDarius IIFatherAriobarzanes I Contents 1 Family background and early life 2 Reign as King 3 Issue 4 Inscription Evidence 5 References 6 SourcesFamily background and early life EditArtavasdes I was of Median and possibly of Armenian Greek descent He was the child born to Ariobarzanes I by an unnamed wife 3 His probable paternal uncle could have been Darius I 8 He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Media Atropatene Artavasdes I is the namesake of his ancestor Artabazanes a previous ruling King of Media Atropatene in the 3rd century BC as the name Artavasdes is a variation of the name Artabazanes see Asha According to modern genealogies the father of Artavasdes I Ariobarzanes I was a son of a previous ruling King Mithridates I of Media Atropatene and his wife an unnamed Armenian Princess from the Artaxiad Dynasty who was a daughter of the Armenian King Tigranes the Great and his wife Cleopatra of Pontus 9 10 which can explain the claims of Mithridates I s descendants to the Armenian Kingship in opposition to the lasting ruling monarchs of the Artaxiad Dynasty Another possibility in linking Artavasdes I to the marriage of Mithridates I and his wife is through his name The name Artavasdes bears as a typical Armenian royal name and therefore in all likelihood Artavasdes I is a descendant of this marriage Reign as King EditArtavasdes I succeeded his father as king when Ariobarzanes I died in 56 BC 3 When Mark Antony led his campaign against the Parthian Empire in 36 BC Artavasdes I was an ally of the King Phraates IV of Parthia Antony led his troops from Zeugma northward into Armenia and then invaded the domain of Artavasdes I Antony did not want to attack Parthia from the west which was the shortest way but surprisingly from the north Antony allegedly used this strategy on the advice of Artavasdes II of Armenia the enemy of Artavasdes I 11 Antony moved with his army in fast marches to Phraaspa the strong fortified capital of Media Atropatene where Artavasdes I had got his family to safety Meantime Artavasdes I had joined the army of Phraates IV Antony was not able to take Phraaspa and besieged the city but Artavasdes I and the Parthian commander Monaeses destroyed two legions of Antony s general Oppius Statianus who had slowly followed with the siege machines of the Antony s troops Antony could not capture Phraaspa without these machines Therefore he had to withdraw to Armenia and Parthia was not invaded 12 So Artavasdes I had maintained his ground against the Romans but his domain had been severely ravaged Besides his stronger ally Phraates IV treated him condescending and gave him only little booty and was near depriving him of his dominion Therefore in 35 BC Artavasdes I offered Antony an alliance against Parthia and Antony gladly accepted 13 To deepen this friendship Alexander Helios the son of Antony and Cleopatra VII was betrothed to Artavasdes I s daughter Iotapa although both were infants in 34 BC 14 In 33 BC Antony met his coalition partner on the river Araxes they agreed that Antony should support Artavasdes I against Parthia and that the Median King should help Antony against Octavian They interchanged parts of their troops The domain of Artavasdes I was enlarged with parts of Armenia Antony had returned a standard that the Median king had taken from Oppius Statianus in 36 BC and also took Iotapa along with him With the help of the Roman reinforcements Artavasdes I was initially able to repulse the Parthian attack Before the Battle of Actium Antony called back his Roman troops without sending back the Median reinforcements This time Artaxias II defeated Artavasdes I who was captured in 30 BC 15 During Artavasdes imprisonment a civil war between the Parthians later took place which gave him the opportunity to escape prison He took refuge with Augustus who received him with friendliness 16 gave him back his daughter Iotapa 17 and made him a Client King of Lesser Armenia 18 He died around 20 BC probably in Rome 19 Artavasdes I was succeeded in the Kingship of Media Atropatene by Asinnalus Issue EditDaughter Iotapa who was engaged to the Ptolemaic Greek Prince Alexander Helios who later married her maternal cousin Mithridates III of Commagene Son Ariobarzanes II Son Darius II 20 He married an unnamed Parthian Arsacid Princess by whom they had two sons the Parthian Kings Artabanus III and Vonones II citation needed Inscription Evidence EditIn Rome two Epitaph inscriptions have been found bearing the name of an Artavasdes The Epitaphs are probably of the son and the grandson of a Median Atropatenian King called Ariobarzanes 21 However it is uncertain if the Ariobarzanes refers to Ariobarzanes I or his grandson Ariobarzanes II 21 Artavasdes I is mentioned in paragraphs 27 and 33 of the Res Gestae Divi Augusti References Edit Sullivan Richard 1990 Near Eastern royalty and Rome 100 30 BC University of Toronto Press pp 298 299 ISBN 9780802026828 Swan The Augustan Succession An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio s Roman History Books 55 56 9 B C A D 14 p 114 a b c d Encyclopaedia Iranica Artavasdes Iranicaonline org Retrieved 2013 10 12 Artavasdes Res Gestae Divi Augusti Swan The Augustan Succession An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio s Roman History Books 55 56 9 B C A D 14 p 115 1 Politische Geschichte Provinzen Und Randvolker Griechischer Balkanraum Kleinasien Temporini Hildegard Haas and Wolfgang Published 1980 p 916 Settipani on Baldwin on the Commagenian DFA Link Part 2 of 3 Archiver rootsweb ancestry com 1998 08 17 Retrieved 2013 10 12 Cassius Dio 36 14 Toumanoff Manual genealogy and chronology for the Christian Caucasus Armenia Georgia Albania p p 81 82 Cassius Dio Roman History 49 25 1 Plutarch Antony 38 40 Cassius Dio Roman history 49 25 26 Strabo Geographica 11 p 523 Plutarch Antony 52 1 3 Cassius Dio Roman history 49 33 1 2 Cassius Dio Roman history 49 40 2 Plutarch Antony 53 12 Cassius Dio Roman history 49 44 1 4 Monumentum Ancyranum 33 Cassius Dio Roman history 51 16 2 Theodor Mommsen concludes this from Cassius Dio Roman history 54 9 2 Compare his epitaph found in Rome CIL VI 1798 Baldwin Comments on Iberian route a b Azerbaijan iii Pre Islamic History Atropates Persian satrap of Media made himself independent in 321 B C Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory as Media Atropatene or less frequently Media Minor Parthian period Iranicaonline org Retrieved 2013 10 12 Sources EditRes Gestae Divi Augusti 1st century U Wilcken Artavasdes 2 article in Realencyclopadie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft vol II 1 col 1309 1311 1895 C Toumanoff Manual genealogy and chronology for the Christian Caucasus Armenia Georgia Albania p 84 ED Aquila Rome 1976 S Baldwin Comments on Iberian route DFA line web 1996 H Werner Agypten in hellenistischer Zeit Egypt in Hellenistic times Munich 2001 P M Swan The Augustan Succession An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio s Roman History Books 55 56 9 B C A D 14 Google eBook Oxford University Press 2004 Contents from Catalan French and German Wikipedia Encyclopaedia Iranica Artavasdes Settipani on Baldwin on the Commagenian DFA Link Part 2 of 3 Azerbaijan iii Pre Islamic History Atropates Persian satrap of Media made himself independent in 321 B C Thereafter Greek and Latin writers named the territory as Media Atropatene or less frequently Media Minor Parthian period Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene amp oldid 1126852046, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.