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Quintus Pedius (consul)

January 06, 2023

This article is about a Roman general and nephew of Julius Caesar. For the deaf painter and also his grandson, see Quintus Pedius (deaf painter).

Quintus Pedius (c. 92 BC[1] – late 43 BC) was a Roman politician and general who lived during the late Republic. He served as a military officer under Julius Caesar for most of his career. Serving with Caesar during the civil war, he was elected praetor in 48 BC and was given a triumph for victories over the Pompeians during the civil war's second Spanish campaign.

Quintus Pedius
Bornc. 92 BC
Died43 BC
Office
SpouseValeria
ChildrenQuintus Pedius Poplicola
RelativesJulius Caesar
AwardsTriumph (45 BC)

After Caesar's death, he joined with Caesar's heir Octavian and, with him, assumed suffect consulships in 43 BC in place of the ordinary consuls who had fallen in battle. He promulgated the lex Pedia, which established courts in which Caesar's killers and allies thereof were convicted in absentia. He died shortly after the start of the Second Triumvirate's proscriptions.

Early life

He was the son or grandson of a Quintus Pedius and Julia.[2] Julia was one of dictator Julius Caesar's sisters,[3] making Pedius one of Caesar's nephews.

Pedius served under Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars starting in 57 BC.[1] Broughton's Magistrates of the Roman Republic places his term in Gaul under Caesar from 58–56 BC.[4] In 55 BC, he lost an election for the office of aedile.[5]

During Caesar's civil war, Pedius joined with Caesar. In 48 BC, Pedius assumed a praetorship.[6] In that same year, he commanded a legion and successfully quelled an anti-Caesarean uprising at Compsa, resulting in the deaths of both Marcus Caelius Rufus and Titus Annius Milo,[citation needed] who had been leading the ill-fated revolt. From 46 to 45 BC, Pedius served as a Caesarian legate in Spain.[7] Pedius claimed victory against Sextus Pompey and returned to Rome with Caesar. He was then honoured with a triumph as pro consule ex Hispania; the honour was granted illegally, according to Dio, as he was merely one of Caesar's legates.[8]

After Caesar's assassination in March 44 BC, Pedius was named one of Caesar's heirs in his will. Like his cousin Lucius Pinarius, he was to receive one eighth of Caesar's estate, but he renounced the inheritance in favor of Caesar's main heir, Pedius' cousin Octavian (the future emperor Augustus).[citation needed]

Consulship

After the ordinary consuls of that year, Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Aulus Hirtius, were both killed while fighting against Antony during the battle of Mutina, Octavian – the only surviving commander of senatorial forces – marched on the city at the head of his army to demand his elevation as consul.[9] With Pedius as Octavian's colleague, on 19 August 43 BC, the two assumed office as suffect consuls after an irregularly convoked election.[10]

Lex Pedia

Their first action was to confirm Octavian's adoption as Caesar's heir; then, at Octavian's suggestion, Pedius promulgated the lex Pedia, which established courts to prosecute Caesar's killers.[11] This overruled a previous senatus consultum which protected the tyrannicides from prosecution.[12] Consequently, Caesar's killers – along with co-conspirators and others who had little to do with the crime – were then convicted in absentia, according to Appian, all in a single day of proceedings.[13] They were formally "debarred from fire and water and their property [was] confiscated".[14]

After the passage of the lex Pedia, he also brought legislation to rescind the declaration of Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus as public enemies.[10] The early and rushed passage of the lex Pedia was likely related to Octavian's attempts to assume for himself leadership of the Caesarian faction by displaying his bona fides in avenging the death of Caesar; the lex Pedia was likely unrelated to the following proscriptions.[15]

Death

Pedius was left in charge of Rome, while Octavian left for Northern Italy to join Antony and Lepidus in forming the Second Triumvirate. When news reached Rome of the new political alliance and of the lists of people whom the triumvirs had marked for death, Pedius became very concerned. Pedius was unable to stop the events from occurring and recommended only seventeen people to be put to death. Out of concern, he pledged to protect the citizens of Rome.[citation needed] Soon afterwards, Pedius had suffered so much political fatigue he died.

Personal life

Pedius married a Roman noblewoman called Valeria, a sister of Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus and thus a daughter of Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger and his wife, Polla.[16] Pedius and Valeria had at least one child, a son named Quintus Pedius Publicola. Publicola became a Roman senator and distinguished himself with his oratory.[citation needed] Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia mentions that Quintus Pedius had a grandson, also named Quintus Pedius, who was mute and supposedly deaf;[page needed] this grandson may be the earliest example of a deaf individual named in written history.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b Welch 2014, p. 139 n. 6.
  2. ^ Zmeskal 2009, p. 208.
  3. ^ Zmeskal 2009, pp. 146 (Iulia 545), 142 (Iulius 130).
  4. ^ Brougton 1952, p. 599.
  5. ^ Pina Polo, Francisco (2012). "Veteres candidati: losers in the elections in republican Rome". In Marco Simón, Francisco; et al. (eds.). Vae Victis! Perdedores en el mundo antiguo (1st ed.). Universitat de Barcelona. p. 71. ISBN 978-8-4475-3651-1.
  6. ^ Broughton 1952, p. 273.
  7. ^ Brougton 1952, pp. 302, 599.
  8. ^ Brougton 1952, p. 309, citing Dio 43.31.1 and Dio 42.1.
  9. ^ Broughton 1952, pp. 335–36.
  10. ^ a b Broughton 1952, p. 337.
  11. ^ Broughton 1952, pp. 336–37.
  12. ^ Welch 2014, p. 143.
  13. ^ Welch 2014, p. 142–43, citing App. BCiv. 3.95.392–93.
  14. ^ Welch 2014, p. 144, citing Dio 46.48.2–4.
  15. ^ Welch 2014, p. 161.
  16. ^ Syme 1989, pp. 206, 20.

Sources

  • Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon (1952). The magistrates of the Roman republic. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association.
  • Hart, Addison. . Military History Online. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  • Smith, William, ed. (1867). "Pedius 1". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 3. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. p. 164.
  • Suetonius (1913) [1st century AD]. "Life of Julius Caesar". Lives of the Twelve Caesars. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rolfe, JC. Harvard University Press – via LacusCurtius.
  • Syme, Ronald (1989) [1986]. The Augustan aristocracy. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814731-2.
  • Welch, Kathryn (2014). "The lex Pedia of 43 BCE and its aftermath". Hermathena (196/197): 137–162. ISSN 0018-0750.
  • Zmeskal, Klaus (2009). Adfinitas (in German). Vol. 1. Passau.

External links

  • Q. Pedius (1) M. f. in the Digital Prosopography of the Roman Republic.

January 06, 2023
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This article is about a Roman general and nephew of Julius Caesar For the deaf painter and also his grandson see Quintus Pedius deaf painter Quintus Pedius c 92 BC 1 late 43 BC was a Roman politician and general who lived during the late Republic He served as a military officer under Julius Caesar for most of his career Serving with Caesar during the civil war he was elected praetor in 48 BC and was given a triumph for victories over the Pompeians during the civil war s second Spanish campaign Quintus PediusBornc 92 BCDied43 BCOfficeLegate 58 56 BC under Caesar Praetor 48 BC Consul 43 BC SpouseValeriaChildrenQuintus Pedius PoplicolaRelativesJulius CaesarAwardsTriumph 45 BC After Caesar s death he joined with Caesar s heir Octavian and with him assumed suffect consulships in 43 BC in place of the ordinary consuls who had fallen in battle He promulgated the lex Pedia which established courts in which Caesar s killers and allies thereof were convicted in absentia He died shortly after the start of the Second Triumvirate s proscriptions Contents 1 Early life 2 Consulship 2 1 Lex Pedia 2 2 Death 3 Personal life 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksEarly life EditHe was the son or grandson of a Quintus Pedius and Julia 2 Julia was one of dictator Julius Caesar s sisters 3 making Pedius one of Caesar s nephews Pedius served under Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars starting in 57 BC 1 Broughton s Magistrates of the Roman Republic places his term in Gaul under Caesar from 58 56 BC 4 In 55 BC he lost an election for the office of aedile 5 During Caesar s civil war Pedius joined with Caesar In 48 BC Pedius assumed a praetorship 6 In that same year he commanded a legion and successfully quelled an anti Caesarean uprising at Compsa resulting in the deaths of both Marcus Caelius Rufus and Titus Annius Milo citation needed who had been leading the ill fated revolt From 46 to 45 BC Pedius served as a Caesarian legate in Spain 7 Pedius claimed victory against Sextus Pompey and returned to Rome with Caesar He was then honoured with a triumph as pro consule ex Hispania the honour was granted illegally according to Dio as he was merely one of Caesar s legates 8 After Caesar s assassination in March 44 BC Pedius was named one of Caesar s heirs in his will Like his cousin Lucius Pinarius he was to receive one eighth of Caesar s estate but he renounced the inheritance in favor of Caesar s main heir Pedius cousin Octavian the future emperor Augustus citation needed Consulship EditAfter the ordinary consuls of that year Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Aulus Hirtius were both killed while fighting against Antony during the battle of Mutina Octavian the only surviving commander of senatorial forces marched on the city at the head of his army to demand his elevation as consul 9 With Pedius as Octavian s colleague on 19 August 43 BC the two assumed office as suffect consuls after an irregularly convoked election 10 Lex Pedia Edit Their first action was to confirm Octavian s adoption as Caesar s heir then at Octavian s suggestion Pedius promulgated the lex Pedia which established courts to prosecute Caesar s killers 11 This overruled a previous senatus consultum which protected the tyrannicides from prosecution 12 Consequently Caesar s killers along with co conspirators and others who had little to do with the crime were then convicted in absentia according to Appian all in a single day of proceedings 13 They were formally debarred from fire and water and their property was confiscated 14 After the passage of the lex Pedia he also brought legislation to rescind the declaration of Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus as public enemies 10 The early and rushed passage of the lex Pedia was likely related to Octavian s attempts to assume for himself leadership of the Caesarian faction by displaying his bona fides in avenging the death of Caesar the lex Pedia was likely unrelated to the following proscriptions 15 Death Edit Pedius was left in charge of Rome while Octavian left for Northern Italy to join Antony and Lepidus in forming the Second Triumvirate When news reached Rome of the new political alliance and of the lists of people whom the triumvirs had marked for death Pedius became very concerned Pedius was unable to stop the events from occurring and recommended only seventeen people to be put to death Out of concern he pledged to protect the citizens of Rome citation needed Soon afterwards Pedius had suffered so much political fatigue he died Personal life EditPedius married a Roman noblewoman called Valeria a sister of Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus and thus a daughter of Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger and his wife Polla 16 Pedius and Valeria had at least one child a son named Quintus Pedius Publicola Publicola became a Roman senator and distinguished himself with his oratory citation needed Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia mentions that Quintus Pedius had a grandson also named Quintus Pedius who was mute and supposedly deaf page needed this grandson may be the earliest example of a deaf individual named in written history citation needed References Edit a b Welch 2014 p 139 n 6 Zmeskal 2009 p 208 Zmeskal 2009 pp 146 Iulia 545 142 Iulius 130 Brougton 1952 p 599 sfn error no target CITEREFBrougton1952 help Pina Polo Francisco 2012 Veteres candidati losers in the elections in republican Rome In Marco Simon Francisco et al eds Vae Victis Perdedores en el mundo antiguo 1st ed Universitat de Barcelona p 71 ISBN 978 8 4475 3651 1 Broughton 1952 p 273 Brougton 1952 pp 302 599 sfn error no target CITEREFBrougton1952 help Brougton 1952 p 309harvnb error no target CITEREFBrougton1952 help citing Dio 43 31 1 and Dio 42 1 Broughton 1952 pp 335 36 a b Broughton 1952 p 337 Broughton 1952 pp 336 37 Welch 2014 p 143 Welch 2014 p 142 43 citing App BCiv 3 95 392 93 Welch 2014 p 144 citing Dio 46 48 2 4 Welch 2014 p 161 Syme 1989 pp 206 20 Sources EditBroughton Thomas Robert Shannon 1952 The magistrates of the Roman republic Vol 2 New York American Philological Association Hart Addison Dreams of Empire The Fall of the Roman Republic Military History Online Archived from the original on March 4 2016 Smith William ed 1867 Pedius 1 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Vol 3 Boston Little Brown and Company p 164 Suetonius 1913 1st century AD Life of Julius Caesar Lives of the Twelve Caesars Loeb Classical Library Translated by Rolfe JC Harvard University Press via LacusCurtius Syme Ronald 1989 1986 The Augustan aristocracy Clarendon Press ISBN 978 0 19 814731 2 Welch Kathryn 2014 The lex Pedia of 43 BCE and its aftermath Hermathena 196 197 137 162 ISSN 0018 0750 Zmeskal Klaus 2009 Adfinitas in German Vol 1 Passau External links EditQ Pedius 1 M f in the Digital Prosopography of the Roman Republic Preceded byAulus Hirtius and Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus Suffect consul of the Roman RepublicGaius Julius Caesar Octavianus 43 BC Succeeded byMarcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Munatius Plancus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Quintus Pedius consul amp oldid 1120604956, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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