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Sicyon

November 14, 2023

For the modern municipality, see Sikyona.
For greek myth eponymous figure, see Sicyon (mythology).

Sicyon (/ˈsɪʃiˌɒn, ˈsɪs-/; Greek: Σικυών; gen.: Σικυῶνος) or Sikyōn was an ancient Greek city state situated in the northern Peloponnesus between Corinth and Achaea on the territory of the present-day regional unit of Corinthia. The ruins lie just west of the modern village of Sikyona (previously Vasiliko). An ancient monarchy at the times of the Trojan War, the city was ruled by a number of tyrants during the Archaic and Classical period and became a democracy in the 3rd century BC. Sicyon was celebrated for its contributions to ancient Greek art, producing many famous painters and sculptors. In Hellenistic times it was also the home of Aratus of Sicyon, the leader of the Achaean League.

Ruins of Sicyon

Ancient history edit

 
Location of Sicyon
 
The ancient theatre of Sikyon today
 
Excavation site of a Doric temple in Sikyon

Sicyon was built on a low triangular plateau about 3 kilometres (two miles) from the Corinthian Gulf. Between the city and its port lay a fertile plain with olive groves and orchards.[1]

In Mycenean times, according to Eusebius, Sicyon had been ruled by a line of twenty-six mythical kings and then seven priests of Apollo. The king-list given by Pausanias[2] comprises twenty-four kings, beginning with the autochthonous Aegialeus. The penultimate king of the list, Agamemnon, compels the submission of Sicyon to Mycenae; after him comes the Dorian usurper Phalces. Pausanias shares his source with Castor of Rhodes, who used the king-list in compiling tables of history; the common source was convincingly identified by Felix Jacoby[3] as a lost Sicyonica by the late 4th-century poet Menaechmus of Sicyon.

After the Dorian invasion the city remained subject to Argos, whence its Dorian conquerors had come. The community was now divided into the ordinary three Dorian tribes and an equally privileged tribe of Ionians, besides which a class of serfs (κορυνηφόροι, korynēphóroi or κατωνακοφόροι, katōnakophóroi) lived on and worked the land.[1]

For some centuries the suzerainty of Argos remained, but after 676 BC Sicyon regained its independence under a line of tyrants called the Orthagorides after the name of the first ruler Orthagoras. The most important however was the founder's grandson Cleisthenes, the grandfather of the Athenian legislator Cleisthenes, who ruled from 600 to 560 BC.[4] Besides reforming the city's constitution to the advantage of the Ionians and replacing Dorian cults with the worship of Dionysus, Cleisthenes gained a reputation as the chief instigator and general of the First Sacred War (590 BC) in the interests of the Delphians.[1]

His successor Aeschines was expelled by the Spartans in 556 BC and Sicyon became an ally of the Lacedaemonians for more than a century. During this time, the Sicyonians developed the various industries for which they were known in antiquity. As the abode of the sculptors Dipoenus and Scyllis it gained pre-eminence in woodcarving and bronze work such as is still to be seen in the archaic metal facings found at Olympia. Its pottery, which resembled Corinthian ware, was exported with the latter as far as Etruria. In Sicyon also the art of painting was supposed to have been invented. After the fall of the tyrants their institutions survived until the end of the 6th century BC, when Dorian supremacy was re-established, perhaps by the agency of Sparta under the ephor Chilon, and the city was enrolled in the Peloponnesian League. Henceforth, its policy was usually determined either by Sparta or Corinth.[1]

During the Persian Wars, the Sicyonians participated with fifteen triremes in the Battle of Salamis and with 3,000 hoplites in the Battle of Plataea. On the Delphic Serpent Column celebrating the victory Sicyon was named in fifth place after Sparta, Athens, Corinth and Tegea. In September 479 BC a Sicyonian contingent fought bravely in the Battle of Mycale, where they lost more men than any other city.

Later in the 5th century BC, Sicyon, like Corinth, suffered from the commercial rivalry of Athens in the western seas, and was repeatedly harassed by squadrons of Athenian ships.[1] The Sicyonians fought two battles against the Athenians, first against their admiral Tolmides in 455 BC and then in a land battle against Pericles with 1000 hoplites in 453 BC.

In the Peloponnesian War Sicyon followed the lead of Sparta and Corinth. When these two powers quarrelled during the peace of Nicias, it remained loyal to the Spartans.[1] At the reprise of the war, during the Athenian expedition in Sicily, the Sicyonians contributed 200 pressed hoplites under their commander Sargeus to the force that relieved Syracuse. At the beginning of the 4th century, in the Corinthian war, Sicyon sided again with Sparta and became its base of operations against the allied troops round Corinth.[1]

In 369 BC Sicyon was captured and garrisoned by the Thebans in their successful attack on the Peloponnesian League.[1] From 368 to 366 BC Sicyon was ruled by Euphron who first favoured democracy, but then made himself tyrant. Euphron was killed in Thebes by a group of Sicyonian aristocrats, but his compatriots buried him in his home town and continued to honour him like the second founder of the city.

 
O: walking chimera; ΣΙ below R:flying dove; pellet above
silver hemidrachm struck in Sicyon 360–330 BC

ref.: BMC 124, Sear sg2774, SNG Cop. 64/65

During the 4th century BC, the city reached its zenith as a centre of art: its school of painting gained fame under Eupompus and attracted the great masters Pamphilus and Apelles as students, while Lysippus and his pupils raised the Sicyonian sculpture to a level hardly surpassed anywhere else in Greece.[1] The tyrant Aristratus, a friend of the Macedonian royal family, had himself portrayed by the painter Melanthius aside the goddess of victory Nike on a chariot. In this period Sicyon was the undisputed center of Greek painting with its school attracting famous artists from all over Greece, including the celebrated Apelles and Pausias.

In 323 BC Euphron the Younger, a grandson of the tyrant Euphron, reintroduced a democracy, but was soon conquered by the Macedonians during the Lamian War. When the Macedonian commander Alexander was murdered in Sicyon in 314 BC, his wife Cratesipolis took control of the city and ruled it for six years, until she was induced by king Ptolemy I to hand it over to the Egyptians. Between 308 and 303 BC Sicyon was ruled by two Ptolemaic commanders, first Cleonides and then Philip.

In 303 BC Sicyon was conquered by Demetrius Poliorcetes who razed the ancient city in the plain and built a new wall on the ruins of the old Acropolis on the high triangular plateau which resulted sufficient for the reduced populace. The new agora was adorned by a "Painted Stoa" attributed to the king's mistress Lamia, a flute player. For a short time the town was now called "Demetrias", but eventually the old name prevailed.

Demetrius left a garrison in the castle to control the city, and the commander Cleon established another tyrannical regime. After some twenty years he was killed by two rivals, Euthydemus and Timocleidas, who became the new joint tyrants of Sicyon. Their rule ended, probably around the start of the Chremonidean War in 267 BC, when they were expelled by the people who elected their leader Cleinias to govern the city on a democratic ground. Two magistrates of these years were the hieromnemoi Sosicles and Euthydamos, known from an inscription at Delphi. The democratic government's most important achievement was the construction of the gymnasium which is attributed to Cleinias. During the same time Xenokrates of Sicyon published his history of art which contributed to spreading the fame of Sicyon as an undisputed capital of ancient art.

Even this time democracy did not last more than a few years, and in 264 BC Cleinias was slain by his cognate Abantidas, who established his tyranny for twelve years. In 252 BC Abantidas was murdered by two rhetoricians, Aristotle the Dialectician and Deinias of Argos, and his father Paseas took over, only to be murdered after a short rule by another rival named Nicocles.

In 251, Aratus of Sicyon, the 20-year-old son of Cleinias, conquered the city with a night assault and expelled the last tyrant. Aratus re-established democracy, called back the exiles and brought his city into the Achaean League. This move ended the internal strife and Aratus remained the leading figure of Achaean politics until his death in 213 BC, during a period of great achievements. The prosperity and peaceful condition of Sicyon was only interrupted by an Aetolian raid in 241 BC and an unsuccessful siege at the hands of king Cleomenes III of Sparta in early 224 BC.

As a member of the Achaean federation Sicyon remained a stable democracy until the dissolution of the League by the Romans in 146 BC. In this period Sicyon was damaged by two disastrous earthquakes in 153 BC and 141 BC.

The destruction of Corinth (146 BC) brought Sicyon an acquisition of territory and the presidency over the Isthmian games; yet in Cicero's time it had fallen deep into debt. Under the Roman empire it was quite obscured by the restored cities of Corinth and Patrae; in Pausanias' age (150 AD) it was almost desolate.

In the 4th century BC the people of Sicyon were the subject of a popular comedy by Menander titled Sikyonioi.

William Shakespeare, in his 1606 play Antony and Cleopatra (Act I, Scene 2), notes that Marc Antony's wife, Fulvia died in Sicyon. Historically, she died there in 40 BC while in rebellion against Octavius Caesar.

Friedrich Hölderlin's novel Hyperion from 1797 starts at the "paradisiac plain of Sicyon".

Ancient monuments edit

  • Temple of Apollo or Artemis
  • Theatre of Sikyon
  • Palaestra - Gymnasium
  • Stadium of Sikyon
  • Bouleuterion of Sikyon

Medieval history edit

During the early Middle Ages, Sikyon continued to decline. It became a bishop's seat and, judging by its later designation "Hellas," it appears to have become a haven for populations seeking refuge from the settlement of Slavic groups in Greece during the 7th century.[1] Following the Fourth Crusade, the settlement, then known as Vasilika (Basilikata), came under the control of the Principality of Achaia and became part of the prince's domain. A castle was erected atop the ruined ancient acropolis by Prince William of Villehardouin (1246–1278), to complement the defenses of Corinth. [5] By 1369, many villages in the vicinity of Vasilika were abandoned due to the raids of Turkish pirates.[6] Together with Corinth, Vasilika was acquired by the Florentine in Angevin service Niccolò Acciaioli, from whom it passed to Donato Acciaioli in 1362. Donato's son Angelo Acciaioli mortgaged Corinth and Vasilika to his cousin Nerio I Acciaioli, the future duke of Athens, by 1372.[7] When Nerio died in 1394, Corinth and Vasilika were inherited by his daughter, Francesca Acciaioli, who had recently married Carlo I Tocco, the count palatine of Cephalonia and Zante. These provisions were contested by Nerio's other daughter, Bartolomea Acciaioli, and her husband, Despot Theodore I Palaiologos of the Morea. Following the ensuing conflict, Francesca and Carlo were only able to retain Vasilika and Megara, while Corinth passed to the Despot Theodore.[8] Finally, Despot Theodore II Palaiologos of the Morea seized Vasilika in 1427, alongside other gains from the Principality of Achaia.[9] The Ottoman Turks invaded and subjugated Corinth and Vasilika, alongside other northern Moreot towns and fortresses, in 1458, two years before completing the conquest of the Morea in 1460–1461.[10]

A village named until 1920 Vasiliko (described by the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica as "insignificant") lies next to the site of ancient and medieval Sikyon. It is now named Sikyona, reflecting the name of the ancient city.

Mythological rulers edit

Kings largely according to Eusebius's chronicle and other Greco roman sources are:

7 priests of [Apollo] Carneius [ruled].that follow these kings as rulers according to Eusebius are:

  • 1st:Archelaus [who ruled] one year.
  • 2nd: Automedon, one year.
  • 3rd: Theoclytus, four years.
  • 4th: Euneus, six years.
  • 5th: Theonomus, nine years.
  • 6th: Amphigyes, twelve years.
  • 7th:Charidemus, one year. He could not bear the expense, and went into exile. He was priest 352 years before the first Olympiad [i.e. 1128 BCE].

Notable people edit

Ancient

Modern

Mythology: Identification with Mecone edit

Sicyon has been traditionally identified with the mythical Mecone or Mekone,[15][16] site of the trick at Mecone carried out by Prometheus. Mecone is also described by Callimachus as "the seat of the gods", and as the place where the brother deities Zeus, Poseidon and Hades cast lots for what part of the world each would rule.[17]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Caspari, Maximilian (1911). "Sicyon". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 37.
  2. ^ Pausanias 2.5.6-6.7.
  3. ^ Felix Jacoby on Castor in Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 250 F 2, noted with approval by Robertson 1999:65 and note 36.
  4. ^ Herodotus 6.121
  5. ^ Bon 1969: 104, 476, 482.
  6. ^ Topping 1975: 138.
  7. ^ Bon 1969: 250.
  8. ^ Bon 1969: 270; Topping 1975: 158.
  9. ^ Bon 1969: 481.
  10. ^ Fine 1987: 565.
  11. ^ As displayed on the Wallchart of World History, Sicyon was founded in 2081 BC by Aegialus
  12. ^ A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Baccheidas
  13. ^ A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Daetondas
  14. ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 6.13.7
  15. ^ page 116, M.L. West, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 122 (2002), pp. 109-133 (25 pages) Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies
  16. ^ Themis, Jane Ellen Harrison, page 373 https://archive.org/details/themisstudyofsoc00harr/page/372 retrieved 4/02/2019
  17. ^ Quoted st page 115, M.L. West, The Journal of Hellenic Studies Vol. 122 (2002), pp. 109-133
  • Bon, A., La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe, Bibliothèques de l'Ecole française d'Athènes et de Rome - Série Athènes, 1969.
  • Fine, J., The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, Ann Arbor, 1987.
  • Topping, P., The Morea, 1311–1364 and The Morea, 1364-1460, in K. Setton and H. W. Hazard (eds.), A History of the Crusades, vol. 3, Madison, 1975: 104-140 and 141-166.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sicyon.
  • , Ellen Papakyriakou/Anagnostou. Contains a great deal of information on ancient and present-day Sicyon.
  • "The Greco-Roman Theatre at Sicyon", The Ancient Theatre Archive. Theatre specifications and tour of the ancient theatre.

37°59′03″N 22°42′40″E / 37.984104°N 22.711145°E / 37.984104; 22.711145

November 14, 2023
sicyon, modern, municipality, sikyona, greek, myth, eponymous, figure, mythology, greek, Σικυών, Σικυῶνος, sikyōn, ancient, greek, city, state, situated, northern, peloponnesus, between, corinth, achaea, territory, present, regional, unit, corinthia, ruins, ju. For the modern municipality see Sikyona For greek myth eponymous figure see Sicyon mythology Sicyon ˈ s ɪ ʃ i ˌ ɒ n ˈ s ɪ s Greek Sikywn gen Sikyῶnos or Sikyōn was an ancient Greek city state situated in the northern Peloponnesus between Corinth and Achaea on the territory of the present day regional unit of Corinthia The ruins lie just west of the modern village of Sikyona previously Vasiliko An ancient monarchy at the times of the Trojan War the city was ruled by a number of tyrants during the Archaic and Classical period and became a democracy in the 3rd century BC Sicyon was celebrated for its contributions to ancient Greek art producing many famous painters and sculptors In Hellenistic times it was also the home of Aratus of Sicyon the leader of the Achaean League Ruins of Sicyon Contents 1 Ancient history 2 Ancient monuments 3 Medieval history 4 Mythological rulers 5 Notable people 6 Mythology Identification with Mecone 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksAncient history edit nbsp Location of Sicyon nbsp The ancient theatre of Sikyon today nbsp Excavation site of a Doric temple in SikyonSicyon was built on a low triangular plateau about 3 kilometres two miles from the Corinthian Gulf Between the city and its port lay a fertile plain with olive groves and orchards 1 In Mycenean times according to Eusebius Sicyon had been ruled by a line of twenty six mythical kings and then seven priests of Apollo The king list given by Pausanias 2 comprises twenty four kings beginning with the autochthonous Aegialeus The penultimate king of the list Agamemnon compels the submission of Sicyon to Mycenae after him comes the Dorian usurper Phalces Pausanias shares his source with Castor of Rhodes who used the king list in compiling tables of history the common source was convincingly identified by Felix Jacoby 3 as a lost Sicyonica by the late 4th century poet Menaechmus of Sicyon After the Dorian invasion the city remained subject to Argos whence its Dorian conquerors had come The community was now divided into the ordinary three Dorian tribes and an equally privileged tribe of Ionians besides which a class of serfs korynhforoi korynephoroi or katwnakoforoi katōnakophoroi lived on and worked the land 1 For some centuries the suzerainty of Argos remained but after 676 BC Sicyon regained its independence under a line of tyrants called the Orthagorides after the name of the first ruler Orthagoras The most important however was the founder s grandson Cleisthenes the grandfather of the Athenian legislator Cleisthenes who ruled from 600 to 560 BC 4 Besides reforming the city s constitution to the advantage of the Ionians and replacing Dorian cults with the worship of Dionysus Cleisthenes gained a reputation as the chief instigator and general of the First Sacred War 590 BC in the interests of the Delphians 1 His successor Aeschines was expelled by the Spartans in 556 BC and Sicyon became an ally of the Lacedaemonians for more than a century During this time the Sicyonians developed the various industries for which they were known in antiquity As the abode of the sculptors Dipoenus and Scyllis it gained pre eminence in woodcarving and bronze work such as is still to be seen in the archaic metal facings found at Olympia Its pottery which resembled Corinthian ware was exported with the latter as far as Etruria In Sicyon also the art of painting was supposed to have been invented After the fall of the tyrants their institutions survived until the end of the 6th century BC when Dorian supremacy was re established perhaps by the agency of Sparta under the ephor Chilon and the city was enrolled in the Peloponnesian League Henceforth its policy was usually determined either by Sparta or Corinth 1 During the Persian Wars the Sicyonians participated with fifteen triremes in the Battle of Salamis and with 3 000 hoplites in the Battle of Plataea On the Delphic Serpent Column celebrating the victory Sicyon was named in fifth place after Sparta Athens Corinth and Tegea In September 479 BC a Sicyonian contingent fought bravely in the Battle of Mycale where they lost more men than any other city Later in the 5th century BC Sicyon like Corinth suffered from the commercial rivalry of Athens in the western seas and was repeatedly harassed by squadrons of Athenian ships 1 The Sicyonians fought two battles against the Athenians first against their admiral Tolmides in 455 BC and then in a land battle against Pericles with 1000 hoplites in 453 BC In the Peloponnesian War Sicyon followed the lead of Sparta and Corinth When these two powers quarrelled during the peace of Nicias it remained loyal to the Spartans 1 At the reprise of the war during the Athenian expedition in Sicily the Sicyonians contributed 200 pressed hoplites under their commander Sargeus to the force that relieved Syracuse At the beginning of the 4th century in the Corinthian war Sicyon sided again with Sparta and became its base of operations against the allied troops round Corinth 1 In 369 BC Sicyon was captured and garrisoned by the Thebans in their successful attack on the Peloponnesian League 1 From 368 to 366 BC Sicyon was ruled by Euphron who first favoured democracy but then made himself tyrant Euphron was killed in Thebes by a group of Sicyonian aristocrats but his compatriots buried him in his home town and continued to honour him like the second founder of the city nbsp O walking chimera SI below R flying dove pellet abovesilver hemidrachm struck in Sicyon 360 330 BC ref BMC 124 Sear sg2774 SNG Cop 64 65During the 4th century BC the city reached its zenith as a centre of art its school of painting gained fame under Eupompus and attracted the great masters Pamphilus and Apelles as students while Lysippus and his pupils raised the Sicyonian sculpture to a level hardly surpassed anywhere else in Greece 1 The tyrant Aristratus a friend of the Macedonian royal family had himself portrayed by the painter Melanthius aside the goddess of victory Nike on a chariot In this period Sicyon was the undisputed center of Greek painting with its school attracting famous artists from all over Greece including the celebrated Apelles and Pausias In 323 BC Euphron the Younger a grandson of the tyrant Euphron reintroduced a democracy but was soon conquered by the Macedonians during the Lamian War When the Macedonian commander Alexander was murdered in Sicyon in 314 BC his wife Cratesipolis took control of the city and ruled it for six years until she was induced by king Ptolemy I to hand it over to the Egyptians Between 308 and 303 BC Sicyon was ruled by two Ptolemaic commanders first Cleonides and then Philip In 303 BC Sicyon was conquered by Demetrius Poliorcetes who razed the ancient city in the plain and built a new wall on the ruins of the old Acropolis on the high triangular plateau which resulted sufficient for the reduced populace The new agora was adorned by a Painted Stoa attributed to the king s mistress Lamia a flute player For a short time the town was now called Demetrias but eventually the old name prevailed Demetrius left a garrison in the castle to control the city and the commander Cleon established another tyrannical regime After some twenty years he was killed by two rivals Euthydemus and Timocleidas who became the new joint tyrants of Sicyon Their rule ended probably around the start of the Chremonidean War in 267 BC when they were expelled by the people who elected their leader Cleinias to govern the city on a democratic ground Two magistrates of these years were the hieromnemoi Sosicles and Euthydamos known from an inscription at Delphi The democratic government s most important achievement was the construction of the gymnasium which is attributed to Cleinias During the same time Xenokrates of Sicyon published his history of art which contributed to spreading the fame of Sicyon as an undisputed capital of ancient art Even this time democracy did not last more than a few years and in 264 BC Cleinias was slain by his cognate Abantidas who established his tyranny for twelve years In 252 BC Abantidas was murdered by two rhetoricians Aristotle the Dialectician and Deinias of Argos and his father Paseas took over only to be murdered after a short rule by another rival named Nicocles In 251 Aratus of Sicyon the 20 year old son of Cleinias conquered the city with a night assault and expelled the last tyrant Aratus re established democracy called back the exiles and brought his city into the Achaean League This move ended the internal strife and Aratus remained the leading figure of Achaean politics until his death in 213 BC during a period of great achievements The prosperity and peaceful condition of Sicyon was only interrupted by an Aetolian raid in 241 BC and an unsuccessful siege at the hands of king Cleomenes III of Sparta in early 224 BC As a member of the Achaean federation Sicyon remained a stable democracy until the dissolution of the League by the Romans in 146 BC In this period Sicyon was damaged by two disastrous earthquakes in 153 BC and 141 BC The destruction of Corinth 146 BC brought Sicyon an acquisition of territory and the presidency over the Isthmian games yet in Cicero s time it had fallen deep into debt Under the Roman empire it was quite obscured by the restored cities of Corinth and Patrae in Pausanias age 150 AD it was almost desolate In the 4th century BC the people of Sicyon were the subject of a popular comedy by Menander titled Sikyonioi William Shakespeare in his 1606 play Antony and Cleopatra Act I Scene 2 notes that Marc Antony s wife Fulvia died in Sicyon Historically she died there in 40 BC while in rebellion against Octavius Caesar Friedrich Holderlin s novel Hyperion from 1797 starts at the paradisiac plain of Sicyon Ancient monuments editTemple of Apollo or Artemis Theatre of Sikyon Palaestra Gymnasium Stadium of Sikyon Bouleuterion of SikyonMedieval history editDuring the early Middle Ages Sikyon continued to decline It became a bishop s seat and judging by its later designation Hellas it appears to have become a haven for populations seeking refuge from the settlement of Slavic groups in Greece during the 7th century 1 Following the Fourth Crusade the settlement then known as Vasilika Basilikata came under the control of the Principality of Achaia and became part of the prince s domain A castle was erected atop the ruined ancient acropolis by Prince William of Villehardouin 1246 1278 to complement the defenses of Corinth 5 By 1369 many villages in the vicinity of Vasilika were abandoned due to the raids of Turkish pirates 6 Together with Corinth Vasilika was acquired by the Florentine in Angevin service Niccolo Acciaioli from whom it passed to Donato Acciaioli in 1362 Donato s son Angelo Acciaioli mortgaged Corinth and Vasilika to his cousin Nerio I Acciaioli the future duke of Athens by 1372 7 When Nerio died in 1394 Corinth and Vasilika were inherited by his daughter Francesca Acciaioli who had recently married Carlo I Tocco the count palatine of Cephalonia and Zante These provisions were contested by Nerio s other daughter Bartolomea Acciaioli and her husband Despot Theodore I Palaiologos of the Morea Following the ensuing conflict Francesca and Carlo were only able to retain Vasilika and Megara while Corinth passed to the Despot Theodore 8 Finally Despot Theodore II Palaiologos of the Morea seized Vasilika in 1427 alongside other gains from the Principality of Achaia 9 The Ottoman Turks invaded and subjugated Corinth and Vasilika alongside other northern Moreot towns and fortresses in 1458 two years before completing the conquest of the Morea in 1460 1461 10 A village named until 1920 Vasiliko described by the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica as insignificant lies next to the site of ancient and medieval Sikyon It is now named Sikyona reflecting the name of the ancient city Mythological rulers editKings largely according to Eusebius s chronicle and other Greco roman sources are 1st Aegialeus 2nd Europs 3rd Telchis 4th Apis of Sicyon 5th Thelxion of Sicyon 6th Aegyrus 7th Thurimachus 8th Leucippus 9th Messapus 10th Eratus 11th Plemnaeus 12th Orthopolis 13th Marathonius or Coronus 14th Marathus 15th Echyreus or alternatively Coronus which claims descent from Orthopolis according to Pausanias 16th Corax 17th Epopeus of Sicyon 18th Lamedon 19th Sicyon 20th Polybus of Sicyon succeeded by Adrastus according to Pausanias 21st Inachus 22nd Phaestus 23rd Adrastus 24th Zeuxippus of Sicyon some sources see as direct succession of Phaestus 25th Pelasgus 26th Polypheides lord Before Agammemnon7 priests of Apollo Carneius ruled that follow these kings as rulers according to Eusebius are 1st Archelaus who ruled one year 2nd Automedon one year 3rd Theoclytus four years 4th Euneus six years 5th Theonomus nine years 6th Amphigyes twelve years 7th Charidemus one year He could not bear the expense and went into exile He was priest 352 years before the first Olympiad i e 1128 BCE Notable people editAncient Aegialeus 21st century BC legendary founder 11 Tellis 8th century BC runner Olympic victor 708 BC Butades 7th century BC sculptor Canachus 6th century BC sculptor Aristocles 5th century BC sculptor Praxilla 5th century BC poet Ariphron 5th century BC poet Alypus 5th to 4th century BC sculptor Alexis 5th or 4th century BC sculptor Eupompus 4th century BC painter Pamphilus 4th century BC painter Melanthius 4th century BC painter Pausias 4th century BC painter Eutychides 4th century BC sculptor Lysippos 4th century BC sculptor Lysistratus 4th century BC sculptor Sostrates 4th century BC pankratiast thrice Olympic champion Xenokrates 3rd century BC sculptor and art historian Machon 3rd century BC playwright Timanthes 3rd century BC painter Nealkes 3rd century BC painter Anaxandra 3rd century BC painter Pythocles 3rd century BC runner Olympic victor 236 BC Aratus of Sicyon 271 213 BC strategos of the Achaean League Baccheidas a dancer and teacher of music 12 Daetondas of Sicyon sculptor 13 Bycelus Olympic victor 14 Modern Sotirios Krokidas jurist and PMMythology Identification with Mecone editSicyon has been traditionally identified with the mythical Mecone or Mekone 15 16 site of the trick at Mecone carried out by Prometheus Mecone is also described by Callimachus as the seat of the gods and as the place where the brother deities Zeus Poseidon and Hades cast lots for what part of the world each would rule 17 See also editList of ancient Greek citiesReferences edit a b c d e f g h i j nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Caspari Maximilian 1911 Sicyon In Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 25 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 37 Pausanias 2 5 6 6 7 Felix Jacoby on Castor in Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker 250 F 2 noted with approval by Robertson 1999 65 and note 36 Herodotus 6 121 Bon 1969 104 476 482 Topping 1975 138 Bon 1969 250 Bon 1969 270 Topping 1975 158 Bon 1969 481 Fine 1987 565 As displayed on the Wallchart of World History Sicyon was founded in 2081 BC by Aegialus A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology Baccheidas A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology Daetondas Pausanias Description of Greece 6 13 7 page 116 M L West The Journal of Hellenic Studies Vol 122 2002 pp 109 133 25 pages Published by The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies Themis Jane Ellen Harrison page 373 https archive org details themisstudyofsoc00harr page 372 retrieved 4 02 2019 Quoted st page 115 M L West The Journal of Hellenic Studies Vol 122 2002 pp 109 133 Bon A La Moree franque Recherches historiques topographiques et archeologiques sur la principaute d Achaie Bibliotheques de l Ecole francaise d Athenes et de Rome Serie Athenes 1969 Fine J The Late Medieval Balkans A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest Ann Arbor 1987 Topping P The Morea 1311 1364 and The Morea 1364 1460 in K Setton and H W Hazard eds A History of the Crusades vol 3 Madison 1975 104 140 and 141 166 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sicyon Sicyon The most ancient Greek city state via archive org Ellen Papakyriakou Anagnostou Contains a great deal of information on ancient and present day Sicyon The Greco Roman Theatre at Sicyon The Ancient Theatre Archive Theatre specifications and tour of the ancient theatre 37 59 03 N 22 42 40 E 37 984104 N 22 711145 E 37 984104 22 711145 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sicyon amp oldid 1184669373, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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