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You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua terena]]; see its history for attribution.
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Terêna or Etelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar.[3] Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. About 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.[citation needed]
Terêna had four varieties: Kinikinao, Terena proper, Guaná, and Chané. These varieties have sometimes been considered to be separate languages.[6] Carvalho (2016) has since demonstrated all four to be the same language.[7] Only Terena proper is still spoken.
Language contactedit
Terena originated in the Northwestern Chaco.[8] As a result, many Northern Guaicuruan loanwords can be found in Terena.[9]
There are also many Tupi-Guarani loanwords in Terena and other southern Arawakan languages.[10]
^Carvalho, Fernando Orphão de. 2016. Terena, Chané, Guaná and Kinikinau are one and the same language: Setting the Record Straight on Southern Arawak Linguistic Diversity. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 16(1), 39-57. doi:10.20396/liames.v16i1.8646165
^Carvalho, Fernando O. de. 2020. Etymology meets ethnohistory: Linguistic evidence for the pre-historic origin of the Guaná-Chané in the Northwestern Chaco. Anthropological Linguistics.
^Carvalho, Fernando O. de. 2018. "Arawakan-Guaicuruan Language Contact in The South American Chaco." International Journal of American Linguistics 84, no. 2 (April 2018): 243-263. doi:10.1086/696198
^Carvalho, Fernando O. de. Tupi-Guarani Loanwords in Southern Arawak: Taking Contact Etymologies Seriously.
^Silva, Denise (2013). Estudo Lexicografico da Lingua Terena. Araraquara: Universidade estadual paulista julio de mesquita filho.
^Nascimento, Gardênia (2012). Aspectos Gramaticais da Língua Terena. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese May 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Portuguese article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 1 469 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at pt Lingua terena see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated pt Lingua terena to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Terena may also refer to TERENA Terena or Etelena is spoken by 15 000 Brazilians The language has a dictionary and written grammar 3 Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul About 20 are literate in their language 80 literate in Portuguese citation needed TerenaNative toBrazilRegionMato Grosso do SulEthnicityTerena peopleNative speakers16 000 2006 1 Language familyArawakan SouthernBolivia ParanaTerenaLanguage codesISO 639 2 span class plainlinks ter span ISO 639 3Variously a href https iso639 3 sil org code ter class extiw title iso639 3 ter ter a Terena a href https iso639 3 sil org code gqn class extiw title iso639 3 gqn gqn a Kinikinao amp Guana a href https iso639 3 sil org code caj class extiw title iso639 3 caj caj a ChaneGlottologtere1279ELPTerena Guana Brazil 2 Terena has an active stative syntax 4 and verb object subject as default word order 5 Contents 1 Varieties 2 Language contact 3 Phonology 3 1 Consonants 3 2 Vowels 4 See also 5 ReferencesVarieties editTerena had four varieties Kinikinao Terena proper Guana and Chane These varieties have sometimes been considered to be separate languages 6 Carvalho 2016 has since demonstrated all four to be the same language 7 Only Terena proper is still spoken Language contact editTerena originated in the Northwestern Chaco 8 As a result many Northern Guaicuruan loanwords can be found in Terena 9 There are also many Tupi Guarani loanwords in Terena and other southern Arawakan languages 10 Phonology editConsonants edit Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalPlosive voiceless p t tʃ k ʔprenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡFricative voiceless s ʃ hprenasal ⁿz ⁿʒNasal m n ɲ Tap ɾLateral l ʎ Approximant w v j w ʃ n l may often be heard as v tʃ ɲ ʎ 11 Vowels edit Front Central BackHigh i ĩ iː ɨ u ũ uːMid e ẽ eː o o oːɛ ɛː ɔ ɔːLow a a aː ɨ is heard as an allophone of i 12 See also editTerena Sign LanguageReferences edit Terena at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Kinikinao amp Guana at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Chane at Ethnologue 18th ed 2015 subscription required Endangered Languages Project data for Guana Brazil Butler Nancy Evelyn Ekdahl Elizabeth Muriel 1979 Aprenda Terena Vol 1 in Portuguese Summer Institute of Linguistics Aikhenvald Arawak in Dixon amp Aikhenvald eds The Amazonian Languages 1999 Rosa Andrea 2010 Aspectos morfologicos do terena Aruak PDF pp 71 72 Aikhenvald 1999 Carvalho Fernando Orphao de 2016 Terena Chane Guana and Kinikinau are one and the same language Setting the Record Straight on Southern Arawak Linguistic Diversity LIAMES Linguas Indigenas Americanas 16 1 39 57 doi 10 20396 liames v16i1 8646165 Carvalho Fernando O de 2020 Etymology meets ethnohistory Linguistic evidence for the pre historic origin of the Guana Chane in the Northwestern Chaco Anthropological Linguistics Carvalho Fernando O de 2018 Arawakan Guaicuruan Language Contact in The South American Chaco International Journal of American Linguistics 84 no 2 April 2018 243 263 doi 10 1086 696198 Carvalho Fernando O de Tupi Guarani Loanwords in Southern Arawak Taking Contact Etymologies Seriously Silva Denise 2013 Estudo Lexicografico da Lingua Terena Araraquara Universidade estadual paulista julio de mesquita filho Nascimento Gardenia 2012 Aspectos Gramaticais da Lingua Terena Belo Horizonte Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link This Arawakan languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Terena language amp oldid 1174630685, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
