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Mani Ratnam

April 21, 2023

For the 1994 film, see Mani Rathnam (film).

Gopala Ratnam Subramaniam (born 2 June 1956), known professionally as Mani Ratnam, is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema and few Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films. Ratnam has won six National Film Awards, four Filmfare Awards, six Filmfare Awards South,[1] and numerous awards at various film festivals across the world. In 2002, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, acknowledging his contributions to film.

Mani Ratnam
Ratnam in April 2015
Born
Gopala Ratnam Subramaniam

(1956-06-02) 2 June 1956 (age 66)
Madurai, Madras State (present-day Tamil Nadu, India)
Alma materJamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies
Occupations
  • Film director
  • film producer
  • screenwriter
Years active1983–present
Spouse
​
(m. 1988)​
Children1
RelativesG. Venkateswaran (brother)
G. Srinivasan (brother)

Despite being born into a film family, Mani Ratnam did not develop any interest in films when he was young. Upon completion of his post graduation in management, he started his career as a consultant. He entered the film industry through the 1983 Kannada film, Pallavi Anu Pallavi. The failure of his subsequent films would mean that he was left with fewer offers. However, his fifth directorial outing, Mouna Ragam (1986), established him as a leading filmmaker in Tamil cinema. He was the director of the critically acclaimed, national award-winning movies Nayakan (1987) and Anjali (1990), both of which qualified as India's official entry for The Academy Awards.

Mani Ratnam is well known for his terrorism trilogy of Roja (1992), Bombay (1995), Dil Se.. (1998), and his romantic trilogy of Mouna Ragam (1986), Alaipayuthey (2000), O Kadhal Kanmani (2015).

His magnum opus, Ponniyin Selvan: I, broke several box-office records of Tamil cinema and grossed more than ₹500 crore (US$63 million). It became the the highest-grossing Tamil film of 2022, the second-highest-grossing Tamil film of all time, and the 15th highest-grossing Indian film of all time.

He is married to actress Suhasini Maniratnam, with whom he has a son.

Early life

Mani Ratnam was born on 2 June 1956 in Madurai, Tamil Nadu as the second child of a family that was closely associated with film production.[2][3] His father, S. Gopala Ratnam, was a film distributor who worked for Venus Pictures,[4] while his uncle, "Venus" Krishnamurthy, was a film producer. His elder brother, G. Venkateswaran, would go on to produce some of his films.[4][5][6] His younger brother was G. Srinivasan, who like G. Venkateswaran, would also co-produce some of his films.[7] Mani Ratnam grew up in Madras (now Chennai),[8] along with his siblings and cousins. Despite being a film family, the children were not allowed to watch films as the elders considered them taboo.[9] "As a youngster, films seemed like a waste of time", he claimed in a 1994 interview;[3] however, he started watching films more actively when he was studying in the Besant Theosophical School.[9] During this time, he developed an admiration towards actors like Sivaji Ganesan and Nagesh; watching all their films. When he discovered the legendary director K. Balachander, he became his fan. Upon completing his schooling, he graduated with a degree in commerce from the Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, affiliated to the Madras University. Later, he did his Master of Business Administration (MBA) in finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies in Mumbai.[5] After finishing his post-graduation in 1977, he was employed in a firm in Madras as a management consultant, and continued to work there for sometime.[5]

Personal life

Ratnam married actress Suhasini on 26 August 1988.[10] The couple have a son, Nandan, who was born in 1992.[11] The family resides in Alwarpet, Chennai, where he runs his production company, Madras Talkies.[12][13]

In 1995, Mani Ratnam was wounded and hospitalised after homemade bombs were thrown at his home by attackers, suspected by police as Muslim extremists, in the wake of opposition to his film Bombay which portrayed the romance of a Hindu man with a Muslim woman. [14]

An FIR was filed on Mani Ratnam and 49 others in 2019 when they wrote to Modi listing statistics and expressing concern over the rise of communal violence against minorities including Muslims, Christians and Dalits since Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) took power in 2014.[15][16]

Film career

Further information: Mani Ratnam filmography

Beginnings: 1977–1983

Mani Ratnam was not satisfied with his job as a consultant as he found it to be a mere extension of his academics. During this time his friend Ravi Shankar, son of director B. R. Panthulu, was in the process of making his first film. Mani Ratnam, Ravi Shankar and another friend, Raman son of filmmaker S. Balachander, worked on the script of the film.[9] Mani Ratnam took a sabbatical from his job in order to ensure his participation in the making of the film. Being inexperienced, the makers were largely dependent upon the American Cinematographer magazine. The principal cast included Vishnuvardhan, Srinath, Ambareesh, Lakshmi, and Roja Ramani. When the filming was about to begin in Kolar, Karnataka, Mani Ratnam left his consulting job and joined the crew. The film, however, did not take off and was eventually shelved. Nevertheless, he was firm in his idea of becoming a film-maker. Although not impressed with many of the films made in Tamil cinema, he was "amazed" at Bharathiraja's 16 Vayathinile (1977), K. Balachander's Apoorva Raagangal (1975), and Mahendran's Mullum Malarum (1978) and Uthiripookkal (1979). During this time, he befriended a group of people namely P. C. Sreeram, Santhana Bharathi, and P. Vasu, who shared his interest of entering into the film industry.[9]

With a script in hand, Mani Ratnam had an idea to either get a producer for his film or to narrate the script to a "celebrated" film-maker, so that he could get a chance to work along with them and get to know about the various aspects involved in film-making. He chose three directors—Balachander, Bharathiraja, and Mahendran. As the attempts to meet and convince all the three proved to be unsuccessful, he decided to look out for a producer. In the process, he along with P. C. Sreeram—who would collaborate with him in most of his future projects—met around 20 people; however, all the efforts turned out to be unsuccessful.[9]

Early years and struggle: 1983–1986

Mani Ratnam developed a script—originally written in English—into a film and named it Pallavi Anu Pallavi. His uncle Krishnamurthy agreed to produce the film but imposed a condition that it should be made under a limited budget in Kannada, to which he agreed. He persuaded Balu Mahendra to do the cinematography as he found the latter's work to be very impressive.[17] He managed to get other crew members B. Lenin (for editing), Thota Tharani (for art direction) and Ilaiyaraaja (for music composer music), all leading craftsmen in their respective fields. For the male lead, he cast Anil Kapoor after watching his performance in the Telugu film Vamsa Vruksham (1980). Lakshmi was signed up as the female lead.[17] The film explored the relationship between a young man and an older woman. Although an average grosser at the box-office, the film fetched Mani Ratnam the Best Screenplay Award from the Karnataka State Government for the year 1983.[18] After watching Pallavi Anu Pallavi, N. G. John offered him a chance to direct a film in Malayalam. Scripted by T. Damodaran,and Mohanlal as heroUnaroo was about the corruption in labour unions of Kerala.[19] The film was completed within two months and released in April 1984. Mani Ratnam attributed the failure of the film to the conflict of interests that he and the producer had.[9] Following this, he entered Tamil cinema when G. Thyagarajan of Sathya Jyothi Films offered him a chance to direct Pagal Nilavu (1985). The film had Murali and Revathi playing lead roles.[20] It was different from his previous two films in that it included dance sequences and a "comedy track". The same year, he directed another Tamil film Idaya Kovil, a romantic drama. He remodeled a ready made script on the lines of Charlie Chaplin's Limelight (1952). Despite being unsatisfied with the final product, the film was a major box-office success.[18] The phase between 1983 and 1986 was the toughest of his career with only Pallavi Anupallavi feeling satisfactory; the other three completed with a lot of "compromises".[9]

Breakthrough: 1986–1991

In 1986, Mani directed the Tamil romantic drama Mouna Ragam, which starred Revathi and Mohan. The film was critically acclaimed for portraying urban Tamils in a "realistic" manner.[21] Specifically, it told the story of the friction between a newly-wed couple.[18] The score by Ilaiyaraaja was appreciated and became popular upon release.[22] Mouna Raagam was subsequently dubbed into Telugu under the same title and became a hit in Andhra Pradesh as well.[23] The film elevated Mani's status as a director, and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 34th National Film Awards. He won his first Filmfare Award for directing the film.[18][24]

In 1987, Mani directed Nayakan starring Kamal Haasan, and the film became a huge success and brought him recognition at the national level.[21][25] Inspired by the 1972 American crime film, The Godfather,[5][26] the film was based on the real-life story of underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar,[21][27] and tells the story of an orphaned slum-dweller and his rise to top of the Bombay underworld hierarchy.[22] It was included in Time magazine's All-Time 100 Greatest Movies in 2005.[28] Satyajit Ray's The Apu Trilogy and Guru Dutt's Pyaasa are the only other Indian films that have appeared in the list.[29] Indian critics dubbed the film as India's answer to The Godfather.[30][31][32] Nayakan was both commercially successful and critically acclaimed winning three National Awards—Best Actor, Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction—at the 35th National Film Awards.[22][25] The film was India's official entry to the Oscars for Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards, but was not nominated.[33]

Following these two commercial successes, Mani wrote and directed Agni Natchathiram in 1988.[34] The film deals with the story of step-brothers played by Prabhu and Karthik[22] and is notable for its use of new techniques in camera framework, especially during the songs.[35] The film had a successful run in the box office.[5][34]

In 1989, Telugu actor Nagarjuna and Mani Ratnam collaborated for a Telugu film and it remains the only Telugu film directed by Ratnam.[36] The film Geethanjali which had Nagarjuna and Girija Shettar in the lead, told the story of an ill-fated couple, both of whom are suffering from terminal diseases.[5] Geethanjali was critically acclaimed and won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment in 1990. In addition, it won the Best Director and Nandi Award for Best Story Writer for Mani.[37] Mani maintained a momentum of making emotional stories of under-served people through the film Anjali in 1990, which starred Baby Shamili as the central character. The film which also had Raghuvaran and Revathy, told the story of an autistic child who changed the lives of people around her.[38] The film proved to be a commercial success and was nominated as India's official entry to the Oscars in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 63rd Academy Awards.[38][39] Following Anjali's release, Mani later made another underworld-themed Tamil film, Thalapathi (1991), starring Rajinikanth and Mammootty.[40] The film was loosely based on Mahabharata, dealt with the friendship between Karna and Duryodhana portrayed by Rajinikanth and Mammmooty respectively.[22][41] The film met with both critical acclaim and commercial success upon release.[42] Ilaiyaraaja's musical score and Mani's work were highly appreciated as they both went on to win the Music Director and Best Director awards respectively at the 39th Filmfare Awards.[43]

National acclaim: 1992–1999

With Thalapathy, Mani ended his long-term association with music director Ilaiyaraaja, bringing in debutant music director A. R. Rahman to score his Tamil classic Roja (1992). The venture was successful, earning Mani various awards. Roja, a romantic film, was about terrorism in the Kashmir region.[5] Starring Arvind Swamy and Madhoo, it was nominated for the Golden St. George Award at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.[44] It became highly popular, gaining an iconic status in Indian cinema and was dubbed into other languages and met similar success in other regions.[45] Mani took a more light-hearted approach with his next film—Thiruda Thiruda (1993). Scripted by Ram Gopal Varma,[46] the film was a fun filled caper,[47] which was a departure from Mani's previous style and fared moderately well at the box office. Thiruda Thiruda was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1994.[48]

Mani again teamed up with Ram Gopal Varma to provide the screenplay for the latter's Telugu film Gaayam, a socio-politico film loosely based on The Godfather.[49] In 1995, Mani returned to Tamil language drama through Bombay starring Arvind Swamy and Manisha Koirala, which told the story of a Hindu-Muslim couple in the midst of the 1993 religious Bombay riots and bombings. It was also the first Indian film to focus on marriage between Hindu and Muslim people.[50] The film met with controversy and censorship upon release.[50] It was subsequently dubbed into Hindi where it gained commercial success and appreciation by critics.[50] It won a number of awards, such as Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration, Political Film Society Awards|Special Award from the Political Film Society,[51] In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem International Film Festival[52] and the Gala Award at the Edinburgh International Film Festival.[53]

Mani produced his wife's directorial debut film, Indira,[54] and then directed the critically successful Iruvar with Mohanlal, Aishwarya Rai, Tabu and Prakash Raj in the lead. Iruvar was awarded the Best Film at the "Festival of the Auteur Films" at the FEST film festival held in Belgrade.[55] In 1998 came the third part of his "terrorism trilogy", named Dil Se.. and starring Shahrukh Khan and Manisha Koirala, with the latter fabricating the second collaboration.[56] It showed the relationship between a young man and a dangerous, disturbed woman. Although they fall in love, she is unable to take the romance further due to her bleak past. The soundtrack album, again composed by A. R. Rahman, gained mass appeal and gave Rahman his next Filmfare Award for Best Music Direction in 1999.[57][58] Unlike his previous two projects, Dil Se.. opened with little note among film critics and performed poorly in the domestic market,[59] despite being a success overseas.[60][61][62] It was screened in many international film festivals, and won the Netpac award (Ex-Aqueo) in the Berlin International Film Festival.[63] The film over the years has achieved cult classic status.[64][65]

In 2000, Mani directed the romantic drama Alaipayuthey that starred R. Madhavan and Shalini. The film focussed on marriage and explored relationships and their consequences, and garnered critical recognition.[66][67] It was also screened at the Berlin International Film Festival.[68]

Along with Vasanth, he was instrumental in organizing Netru, Indru, Naalai,[69] a stage musical that marked the first theatre production, with numerous other artistes, to aid The Banyan, an organization that rehabilitates women and children with mental illness.[70][71]

Kannathil Muthamittal and onwards: 2002–2010

Mani's next film, Kannathil Muthamittal, dealt with the story of a child of Sri Lankan Tamil parentage adopted by Indian parents, who wishes to meet her biological mother during the Sri Lankan Civil War.[72] The film was critically acclaimed and commercially successful, winning six National Film Awards, Filmfare Award for Best Direction in Tamil, In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem Film Festival,[73] and an award at the Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles.[74] In 2004, he made Aayutha Ezhuthu, which tells the story of how one incident sends the lives of three youths on a collision course and received positive reviews.[75] Mani made the film simultaneously in Hindi as Yuva, his second venture into Bollywood. Ajay Devgn, Abhishek Bachchan, and Vivek Oberoi replaced Surya Sivakumar, R. Madhavan, and Siddharth, respectively in the Hindi version.[75] Unlike Yuva, Aayutha Ezhuthu was appreciated by critics. Mani suffered his first heart attack while shooting Aayutha Ezhuthu.[56]

In 2007, Mani made Guru, a biographical film based on the life of Dhirubhai Ambani, a business magnate from India.[76] The film starred Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai.[77] The film, set in the early 1950s, became a box office success and received critical acclaim.[78] Guru was screened at the Tous Les Cinemas du Monde (World Cinema) section of the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.[79][80] In 2010, Mani worked on a bilingual film, titled Raavanan starting Vikram Aishwarya Rai Prithviraj Sukumaranin Tamil where in the film look was unveiled at 2010 Cannes Film Festival, as part of its marketing campaign.[81] and Raavan in Hindi.[82] The Tamil version was dubbed into Telugu and titled Villain. The film was released worldwide on 18 June 2010.[83]

The film is loosely based on the Hindu epic Ramayana; its narrative occurs over 14 days when a revolutionist named Veera, who lives in a forest, kidnaps a policeman's wife to avenge his sister's death. The Tamil version received positive reviews from the critics compared to its other versions.[84] The New York Times called the movie a "critics' pick". However, the reviewers of the Hindi version panned the film; Rajeev Masand said it was "a crushing bore of a film, a disappointment on virtually every count"[85] The Tamil version was declared a box office success.[86]

Comeback: 2013–present

Mani's film, Kadal was released worldwide on 1 February 2013 to mixed reviews from critics and became a box office failure. Later the distributor of the film filed a police complaint against Mani on account of the huge losses suffered by him.[87]

His next film, romantic drama O Kadhal Kanmani starring Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen as the lead pair, was released in April 2015. The cinematography and editing of the film was handled by P.C. Sreeram and A. Sreekar Prasad respectively, while music was scored by A. R. Rahman. The film depicted the life of a young couple in a live-in relationship in Mumbai, and was said to be a "reflection of the modern mindset of urban India", dealing with issues such as marriage and traditional values.[88] Made at a small budget of 6 crores, the film achieved widespread critical acclaim and commercial success.[89][90]

His next was Kaatru Veliyidai, starring Karthi, Aditi Rao Hydari and RJ Balaji.[91] The film, set in 1999 during the Kargil War, followed a pilot who, during his time as a prisoner of war, reflects on his failed love life. Kaatru Veliyidai was released in April 2017 to mixed reviews and received an average box office return.

After Kattru Veliyadai, Ratnam's next film was the crime thriller Chekka Chivantha Vaanam, starring Arvind Swami, Silambarasan, Arun Vijay and Vijay Sethupathi as the lead actors, while Jyothika, Aishwarya Rajesh, Aditi Rao Hydari and Dayana Erappa, Prakash Raj, Thiagarajan, and Mansoor Ali Khan rounded out the supporting cast. The film followed three children as they battled for complete power of their crime family following their father's unexpected demise. Chekka Chivantha Vaanam opened in September 2018 to positive reviews and was a box office success. His next project was confirmed to be Ponniyin Selvan: I, based on the Indian epic written by Kalki Krishnamurthy. The film has an ensemble cast consisting of Vikram, Karthi, Jayam Ravi, Jayaram, Rahman, Aishwarya Rai, Trisha, Aishwarya Lekshmi, R. Parthiban, Lal, Babu Antony, Ashwin Kakumanu, Prabhu, Sarathkumar, Sobhita Dhulipala, Vikram Prabhu and many more, play the prominent roles. The venture was jointly produced by Mani Ratnam and Subaskaran under their banners, Madras Talkies and Lyca Productions. The music was composed by A. R. Rahman, while Ravi Varman handled the cinematography of the film. A. Sreekar Prasad was the editor.[92][93] Initially planned as one film, reminiscent of Mughal-E-Azam, Ponniyin Selvan was divided into two parts. This was done to ensure that the audience would not be confused with the screenplay and story, adapted from the five books of the epic. The first part, Ponniyin Selvan: I, released theatrically, on 30 September 2022.[94][95]

Filmography

Main article: Mani Ratnam filmography

Craft, style, and technical collaborations

Mani Ratnam grew up watching the films of K. Balachander, Guru Dutt and Sivaji Ganesan.[96] He is greatly influenced by the film-making styles of Akira Kurosawa, Martin Scorsese, Krzysztof Kieślowski, Ingmar Bergman and Mahendran.[96][97]

Unlike most of his contemporaries, Mani Ratnam did not assist anybody in film-making prior to entering the industry.[98] A majority of his films are characterized by a string of socio-political themes.[99] Because of his idea of combining art and commercial elements, most of his films garnered both critical acclaim and commercial success.[99] Nayakan, Bombay and Iruvar were inspired from real-life incidents, while Thalapathi and Raavan were based on Indian epics.[48]

Mani Ratnam handled screenplays for a majority of his films. Lauded for his casting in each of his films, he claimed in an interview that "I am not a director who performs and shows. I discuss the role, the scene with my actors and let them bring life to it".[48] Right from the beginning of his career, his works were noted for their technical expertise in areas such as cinematography, art direction, editing and background score. For his debut film, he managed to handpick Balu Mahendra, Thotta Tharani, B. Lenin, and Ilaiyaraaja, leading craftsmen in their respective fields.[100] As his career progressed, he worked with his childhood friend P. C. Sreeram and continued his collaborations with him until Geethanjali. In 1991 for his film Thalapathi, he chose Santosh Sivan and Suresh Urs—both newcomers to the Tamil film industry—to do cinematography and editing respectively.[101][102] Both would later become a part of his regular crew.[103] While working on Raavan, Santosh Sivan noted "any cameraman can hone his skills just working with Mani" and described Mani Ratnam's films as difficult to film.[103] From his debut project till Thalapathi, Ilaiyaraaja was his regular composer.[104] For his next film Roja (1992), he collaborated with debutant A. R. Rahman, who has been his regular composer for all his films till date.[104] Among cinematographers, he has also worked with Madhu Ambat, Rajiv Menon, Ravi K. Chandran, V. Manikandan and Ravi Varman while switching between Sreeram and Santosh Sivan otherwise.[105] Since Alaipayuthey, Sreekar Prasad has been his regular film editor.[106][107]

Awards and honours

See also: List of awards and nominations received by Mani Ratnam

Mani is well recognized outside India with a retrospective of his films held at various film festivals around the world such as Toronto International Film Festival, Busan International Film Festival, Tokyo Filmex and Birmingham International Film Festival.[55] His films are being screened regularly at many film festivals such as Venice Film Festival, Rotterdam Film Festival, Montreal World Film Festival and Palm Springs International Film Festival.[55]

The Government of India honoured Mani with Padma Shri in 2002.[108] He has won several National Film Awards, Filmfare Awards, Filmfare Awards South and state awards. Apart from these awards, many of his films have been screened at various film festivals and have won numerous accolades. Geethanjali, directed by him won the Golden Lotus Award for Best Popular Film at the 37th National Film Awards. Other films like Mouna Ragam, Anjali, and Kannathil Muthamittal have won the Best Regional Film awards at the National Film Awards. Two of his films, Roja and Bombay have won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. The former was also nominated for Best Film category at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival.[109] In 2010, Mani was honoured with Jaeger-Lecoultre Glory to the Filmmaker at the 67th Venice International Film Festival.[21][110] In July 2015, he was honoured with the Sun Mark Lifetime Achievement Award at the Bagri Foundation London Indian Film Festival for his esteemed contribution to international cinema.[111] Around the same time, the Museum of the Moving Image, New York City, paid a special tribute to Mani. His films Roja, Bombay, and Dil Se were screened at the museum as a retrospective.[112]

See also

Notes

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  9. ^ a b c d e f g Rangan 2014, chpt. Pallavi Anupallavi, Unaru, Pagal Nilavu, Idhayakoil.
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  13. ^ . The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 January 2003. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
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  32. ^ Kamath, Sudhish (15 July 2005). . The Hindu. Chennai. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  33. ^ Roy, Piyush (27 January 2008). "India's Oscar drill". The Indian Express. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  34. ^ a b National Film Development Corporation of India 1988, p. 77.
  35. ^ K, Jeshi (18 June 2005). . The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  36. ^ Jha, Subhash K. "Nagarjuna, Mahesh Babu to star in Mani Ratnam's next". Rediff. from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  37. ^ "37th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. (PDF) from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
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Bibliography

  • Nagappan, Ramu (1 December 2011). Speaking Havoc: Social Suffering and South Asian Narratives. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80171-1. from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
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  • Chaudhuri, Shohini (2005). "Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka". Contemporary world cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. Edinburgh University Press. p. 199. ISBN 9780748617999.
  • "1994 India". India Today. Aroon Purie for Living Media India Ltd. 21. 1994.
  • "1988 India". India Today. Living Media India Limited. 13: 96. 1988. from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  • Gopalan, Lalitha (2005). Bombay: BFI Film Classics. BFI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85170-956-7.
  • Rangan, Baradwaj (2014). Conversations with Mani Ratnam. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-81-8475-690-6.
  • Rangan, Baradwaj; Sachidanandam, Aravindh (2014). Maniratnam Padaippugal or Uraiyadal. Kizhakku Pathippagam. ISBN 9789351351573.

Further reading

  • Bal, Mieke (2004). Narrative Theory: Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 1680. ISBN 978-0-415-31661-3.
  • Benjamin, S. (2006). A rose by any other name: exploring the politics of Mani Ratnam's Roja. Contemporary South Asia. pp. 423–435.
  • Mallhi, Angie (2006). The Illusion of Secularism: Mani Ratnam's Bombay and the Consolidation of Hindu Hegemony. University of Victoria: CAPI Occasional Paper #31.Victoria: Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives.
  • Terska Ciecko, Anne (2006). "National Cinema and State Authority". Contemporary Asian Cinema: Popular culture in a Global Frame. Berg: Berg Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84520-237-8.
  • Gopalan, Lalitha (2005). Bombay: BFI Film Classics. London: BFI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85170-956-7.
  • Nagappan, Ramu (2005). "Momentary Pleasures of Reconciliation". Speaking Havoc: Social Suffering & South Asian Narratives. Washington: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98488-9.
  • Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008). Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-39680-6. from the original on 2 November 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2016.

External links

  •   Media related to Mani Ratnam at Wikimedia Commons
  • Mani Ratnam at IMDb

April 21, 2023
mani, ratnam, 1994, film, mani, rathnam, film, gopala, ratnam, subramaniam, born, june, 1956, known, professionally, indian, film, director, screenwriter, producer, predominantly, works, tamil, cinema, hindi, telugu, malayalam, kannada, films, ratnam, national. For the 1994 film see Mani Rathnam film Gopala Ratnam Subramaniam born 2 June 1956 known professionally as Mani Ratnam is an Indian film director screenwriter and producer who predominantly works in Tamil cinema and few Hindi Telugu Malayalam and Kannada films Ratnam has won six National Film Awards four Filmfare Awards six Filmfare Awards South 1 and numerous awards at various film festivals across the world In 2002 the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri acknowledging his contributions to film Mani RatnamRatnam in April 2015BornGopala Ratnam Subramaniam 1956 06 02 2 June 1956 age 66 Madurai Madras State present day Tamil Nadu India Alma materJamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management StudiesOccupationsFilm directorfilm producerscreenwriterYears active1983 presentSpouseSuhasini m 1988 wbr Children1RelativesG Venkateswaran brother G Srinivasan brother Despite being born into a film family Mani Ratnam did not develop any interest in films when he was young Upon completion of his post graduation in management he started his career as a consultant He entered the film industry through the 1983 Kannada film Pallavi Anu Pallavi The failure of his subsequent films would mean that he was left with fewer offers However his fifth directorial outing Mouna Ragam 1986 established him as a leading filmmaker in Tamil cinema He was the director of the critically acclaimed national award winning movies Nayakan 1987 and Anjali 1990 both of which qualified as India s official entry for The Academy Awards Mani Ratnam is well known for his terrorism trilogy of Roja 1992 Bombay 1995 Dil Se 1998 and his romantic trilogy of Mouna Ragam 1986 Alaipayuthey 2000 O Kadhal Kanmani 2015 His magnum opus Ponniyin Selvan I broke several box office records of Tamil cinema and grossed more than 500 crore US 63 million It became the the highest grossing Tamil film of 2022 the second highest grossing Tamil film of all time and the 15th highest grossing Indian film of all time He is married to actress Suhasini Maniratnam with whom he has a son Contents 1 Early life 2 Personal life 3 Film career 3 1 Beginnings 1977 1983 3 2 Early years and struggle 1983 1986 3 3 Breakthrough 1986 1991 3 4 National acclaim 1992 1999 3 5 Kannathil Muthamittal and onwards 2002 2010 3 6 Comeback 2013 present 4 Filmography 5 Craft style and technical collaborations 6 Awards and honours 7 See also 8 Notes 9 Bibliography 10 Further reading 11 External linksEarly life EditMani Ratnam was born on 2 June 1956 in Madurai Tamil Nadu as the second child of a family that was closely associated with film production 2 3 His father S Gopala Ratnam was a film distributor who worked for Venus Pictures 4 while his uncle Venus Krishnamurthy was a film producer His elder brother G Venkateswaran would go on to produce some of his films 4 5 6 His younger brother was G Srinivasan who like G Venkateswaran would also co produce some of his films 7 Mani Ratnam grew up in Madras now Chennai 8 along with his siblings and cousins Despite being a film family the children were not allowed to watch films as the elders considered them taboo 9 As a youngster films seemed like a waste of time he claimed in a 1994 interview 3 however he started watching films more actively when he was studying in the Besant Theosophical School 9 During this time he developed an admiration towards actors like Sivaji Ganesan and Nagesh watching all their films When he discovered the legendary director K Balachander he became his fan Upon completing his schooling he graduated with a degree in commerce from the Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College affiliated to the Madras University Later he did his Master of Business Administration MBA in finance from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies in Mumbai 5 After finishing his post graduation in 1977 he was employed in a firm in Madras as a management consultant and continued to work there for sometime 5 Personal life EditRatnam married actress Suhasini on 26 August 1988 10 The couple have a son Nandan who was born in 1992 11 The family resides in Alwarpet Chennai where he runs his production company Madras Talkies 12 13 In 1995 Mani Ratnam was wounded and hospitalised after homemade bombs were thrown at his home by attackers suspected by police as Muslim extremists in the wake of opposition to his film Bombay which portrayed the romance of a Hindu man with a Muslim woman 14 An FIR was filed on Mani Ratnam and 49 others in 2019 when they wrote to Modi listing statistics and expressing concern over the rise of communal violence against minorities including Muslims Christians and Dalits since Modi s Bharatiya Janata Party BJP took power in 2014 15 16 Film career EditFurther information Mani Ratnam filmography Beginnings 1977 1983 Edit Mani Ratnam was not satisfied with his job as a consultant as he found it to be a mere extension of his academics During this time his friend Ravi Shankar son of director B R Panthulu was in the process of making his first film Mani Ratnam Ravi Shankar and another friend Raman son of filmmaker S Balachander worked on the script of the film 9 Mani Ratnam took a sabbatical from his job in order to ensure his participation in the making of the film Being inexperienced the makers were largely dependent upon the American Cinematographer magazine The principal cast included Vishnuvardhan Srinath Ambareesh Lakshmi and Roja Ramani When the filming was about to begin in Kolar Karnataka Mani Ratnam left his consulting job and joined the crew The film however did not take off and was eventually shelved Nevertheless he was firm in his idea of becoming a film maker Although not impressed with many of the films made in Tamil cinema he was amazed at Bharathiraja s 16 Vayathinile 1977 K Balachander s Apoorva Raagangal 1975 and Mahendran s Mullum Malarum 1978 and Uthiripookkal 1979 During this time he befriended a group of people namely P C Sreeram Santhana Bharathi and P Vasu who shared his interest of entering into the film industry 9 With a script in hand Mani Ratnam had an idea to either get a producer for his film or to narrate the script to a celebrated film maker so that he could get a chance to work along with them and get to know about the various aspects involved in film making He chose three directors Balachander Bharathiraja and Mahendran As the attempts to meet and convince all the three proved to be unsuccessful he decided to look out for a producer In the process he along with P C Sreeram who would collaborate with him in most of his future projects met around 20 people however all the efforts turned out to be unsuccessful 9 Early years and struggle 1983 1986 Edit Mani Ratnam developed a script originally written in English into a film and named it Pallavi Anu Pallavi His uncle Krishnamurthy agreed to produce the film but imposed a condition that it should be made under a limited budget in Kannada to which he agreed He persuaded Balu Mahendra to do the cinematography as he found the latter s work to be very impressive 17 He managed to get other crew members B Lenin for editing Thota Tharani for art direction and Ilaiyaraaja for music composer music all leading craftsmen in their respective fields For the male lead he cast Anil Kapoor after watching his performance in the Telugu film Vamsa Vruksham 1980 Lakshmi was signed up as the female lead 17 The film explored the relationship between a young man and an older woman Although an average grosser at the box office the film fetched Mani Ratnam the Best Screenplay Award from the Karnataka State Government for the year 1983 18 After watching Pallavi Anu Pallavi N G John offered him a chance to direct a film in Malayalam Scripted by T Damodaran and Mohanlal as heroUnaroo was about the corruption in labour unions of Kerala 19 The film was completed within two months and released in April 1984 Mani Ratnam attributed the failure of the film to the conflict of interests that he and the producer had 9 Following this he entered Tamil cinema when G Thyagarajan of Sathya Jyothi Films offered him a chance to direct Pagal Nilavu 1985 The film had Murali and Revathi playing lead roles 20 It was different from his previous two films in that it included dance sequences and a comedy track The same year he directed another Tamil film Idaya Kovil a romantic drama He remodeled a ready made script on the lines of Charlie Chaplin s Limelight 1952 Despite being unsatisfied with the final product the film was a major box office success 18 The phase between 1983 and 1986 was the toughest of his career with only Pallavi Anupallavi feeling satisfactory the other three completed with a lot of compromises 9 Breakthrough 1986 1991 Edit In 1986 Mani directed the Tamil romantic drama Mouna Ragam which starred Revathi and Mohan The film was critically acclaimed for portraying urban Tamils in a realistic manner 21 Specifically it told the story of the friction between a newly wed couple 18 The score by Ilaiyaraaja was appreciated and became popular upon release 22 Mouna Raagam was subsequently dubbed into Telugu under the same title and became a hit in Andhra Pradesh as well 23 The film elevated Mani s status as a director and won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil at the 34th National Film Awards He won his first Filmfare Award for directing the film 18 24 In 1987 Mani directed Nayakan starring Kamal Haasan and the film became a huge success and brought him recognition at the national level 21 25 Inspired by the 1972 American crime film The Godfather 5 26 the film was based on the real life story of underworld don Varadarajan Mudaliar 21 27 and tells the story of an orphaned slum dweller and his rise to top of the Bombay underworld hierarchy 22 It was included in Time magazine s All Time 100 Greatest Movies in 2005 28 Satyajit Ray s The Apu Trilogy and Guru Dutt s Pyaasa are the only other Indian films that have appeared in the list 29 Indian critics dubbed the film as India s answer to The Godfather 30 31 32 Nayakan was both commercially successful and critically acclaimed winning three National Awards Best Actor Best Cinematography and Best Art Direction at the 35th National Film Awards 22 25 The film was India s official entry to the Oscars for Best Foreign Language Film at the 60th Academy Awards but was not nominated 33 Following these two commercial successes Mani wrote and directed Agni Natchathiram in 1988 34 The film deals with the story of step brothers played by Prabhu and Karthik 22 and is notable for its use of new techniques in camera framework especially during the songs 35 The film had a successful run in the box office 5 34 In 1989 Telugu actor Nagarjuna and Mani Ratnam collaborated for a Telugu film and it remains the only Telugu film directed by Ratnam 36 The film Geethanjali which had Nagarjuna and Girija Shettar in the lead told the story of an ill fated couple both of whom are suffering from terminal diseases 5 Geethanjali was critically acclaimed and won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment in 1990 In addition it won the Best Director and Nandi Award for Best Story Writer for Mani 37 Mani maintained a momentum of making emotional stories of under served people through the film Anjali in 1990 which starred Baby Shamili as the central character The film which also had Raghuvaran and Revathy told the story of an autistic child who changed the lives of people around her 38 The film proved to be a commercial success and was nominated as India s official entry to the Oscars in the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 63rd Academy Awards 38 39 Following Anjali s release Mani later made another underworld themed Tamil film Thalapathi 1991 starring Rajinikanth and Mammootty 40 The film was loosely based on Mahabharata dealt with the friendship between Karna and Duryodhana portrayed by Rajinikanth and Mammmooty respectively 22 41 The film met with both critical acclaim and commercial success upon release 42 Ilaiyaraaja s musical score and Mani s work were highly appreciated as they both went on to win the Music Director and Best Director awards respectively at the 39th Filmfare Awards 43 National acclaim 1992 1999 Edit With Thalapathy Mani ended his long term association with music director Ilaiyaraaja bringing in debutant music director A R Rahman to score his Tamil classic Roja 1992 The venture was successful earning Mani various awards Roja a romantic film was about terrorism in the Kashmir region 5 Starring Arvind Swamy and Madhoo it was nominated for the Golden St George Award at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival 44 It became highly popular gaining an iconic status in Indian cinema and was dubbed into other languages and met similar success in other regions 45 Mani took a more light hearted approach with his next film Thiruda Thiruda 1993 Scripted by Ram Gopal Varma 46 the film was a fun filled caper 47 which was a departure from Mani s previous style and fared moderately well at the box office Thiruda Thiruda was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 1994 48 Mani again teamed up with Ram Gopal Varma to provide the screenplay for the latter s Telugu film Gaayam a socio politico film loosely based on The Godfather 49 In 1995 Mani returned to Tamil language drama through Bombay starring Arvind Swamy and Manisha Koirala which told the story of a Hindu Muslim couple in the midst of the 1993 religious Bombay riots and bombings It was also the first Indian film to focus on marriage between Hindu and Muslim people 50 The film met with controversy and censorship upon release 50 It was subsequently dubbed into Hindi where it gained commercial success and appreciation by critics 50 It won a number of awards such as Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration Political Film Society Awards Special Award from the Political Film Society 51 In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem International Film Festival 52 and the Gala Award at the Edinburgh International Film Festival 53 Mani produced his wife s directorial debut film Indira 54 and then directed the critically successful Iruvar with Mohanlal Aishwarya Rai Tabu and Prakash Raj in the lead Iruvar was awarded the Best Film at the Festival of the Auteur Films at the FEST film festival held in Belgrade 55 In 1998 came the third part of his terrorism trilogy named Dil Se and starring Shahrukh Khan and Manisha Koirala with the latter fabricating the second collaboration 56 It showed the relationship between a young man and a dangerous disturbed woman Although they fall in love she is unable to take the romance further due to her bleak past The soundtrack album again composed by A R Rahman gained mass appeal and gave Rahman his next Filmfare Award for Best Music Direction in 1999 57 58 Unlike his previous two projects Dil Se opened with little note among film critics and performed poorly in the domestic market 59 despite being a success overseas 60 61 62 It was screened in many international film festivals and won the Netpac award Ex Aqueo in the Berlin International Film Festival 63 The film over the years has achieved cult classic status 64 65 In 2000 Mani directed the romantic drama Alaipayuthey that starred R Madhavan and Shalini The film focussed on marriage and explored relationships and their consequences and garnered critical recognition 66 67 It was also screened at the Berlin International Film Festival 68 Along with Vasanth he was instrumental in organizing Netru Indru Naalai 69 a stage musical that marked the first theatre production with numerous other artistes to aid The Banyan an organization that rehabilitates women and children with mental illness 70 71 Kannathil Muthamittal and onwards 2002 2010 Edit Mani s next film Kannathil Muthamittal dealt with the story of a child of Sri Lankan Tamil parentage adopted by Indian parents who wishes to meet her biological mother during the Sri Lankan Civil War 72 The film was critically acclaimed and commercially successful winning six National Film Awards Filmfare Award for Best Direction in Tamil In the Spirit of Freedom Award at the Jerusalem Film Festival 73 and an award at the Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles 74 In 2004 he made Aayutha Ezhuthu which tells the story of how one incident sends the lives of three youths on a collision course and received positive reviews 75 Mani made the film simultaneously in Hindi as Yuva his second venture into Bollywood Ajay Devgn Abhishek Bachchan and Vivek Oberoi replaced Surya Sivakumar R Madhavan and Siddharth respectively in the Hindi version 75 Unlike Yuva Aayutha Ezhuthu was appreciated by critics Mani suffered his first heart attack while shooting Aayutha Ezhuthu 56 In 2007 Mani made Guru a biographical film based on the life of Dhirubhai Ambani a business magnate from India 76 The film starred Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai 77 The film set in the early 1950s became a box office success and received critical acclaim 78 Guru was screened at the Tous Les Cinemas du Monde World Cinema section of the 2007 Cannes Film Festival 79 80 In 2010 Mani worked on a bilingual film titled Raavanan starting Vikram Aishwarya Rai Prithviraj Sukumaranin Tamil where in the film look was unveiled at 2010 Cannes Film Festival as part of its marketing campaign 81 and Raavan in Hindi 82 The Tamil version was dubbed into Telugu and titled Villain The film was released worldwide on 18 June 2010 83 The film is loosely based on the Hindu epic Ramayana its narrative occurs over 14 days when a revolutionist named Veera who lives in a forest kidnaps a policeman s wife to avenge his sister s death The Tamil version received positive reviews from the critics compared to its other versions 84 The New York Times called the movie a critics pick However the reviewers of the Hindi version panned the film Rajeev Masand said it was a crushing bore of a film a disappointment on virtually every count 85 The Tamil version was declared a box office success 86 Comeback 2013 present Edit Mani s film Kadal was released worldwide on 1 February 2013 to mixed reviews from critics and became a box office failure Later the distributor of the film filed a police complaint against Mani on account of the huge losses suffered by him 87 His next film romantic drama O Kadhal Kanmani starring Dulquer Salmaan and Nithya Menen as the lead pair was released in April 2015 The cinematography and editing of the film was handled by P C Sreeram and A Sreekar Prasad respectively while music was scored by A R Rahman The film depicted the life of a young couple in a live in relationship in Mumbai and was said to be a reflection of the modern mindset of urban India dealing with issues such as marriage and traditional values 88 Made at a small budget of 6 crores the film achieved widespread critical acclaim and commercial success 89 90 His next was Kaatru Veliyidai starring Karthi Aditi Rao Hydari and RJ Balaji 91 The film set in 1999 during the Kargil War followed a pilot who during his time as a prisoner of war reflects on his failed love life Kaatru Veliyidai was released in April 2017 to mixed reviews and received an average box office return After Kattru Veliyadai Ratnam s next film was the crime thriller Chekka Chivantha Vaanam starring Arvind Swami Silambarasan Arun Vijay and Vijay Sethupathi as the lead actors while Jyothika Aishwarya Rajesh Aditi Rao Hydari and Dayana Erappa Prakash Raj Thiagarajan and Mansoor Ali Khan rounded out the supporting cast The film followed three children as they battled for complete power of their crime family following their father s unexpected demise Chekka Chivantha Vaanam opened in September 2018 to positive reviews and was a box office success His next project was confirmed to be Ponniyin Selvan I based on the Indian epic written by Kalki Krishnamurthy The film has an ensemble cast consisting of Vikram Karthi Jayam Ravi Jayaram Rahman Aishwarya Rai Trisha Aishwarya Lekshmi R Parthiban Lal Babu Antony Ashwin Kakumanu Prabhu Sarathkumar Sobhita Dhulipala Vikram Prabhu and many more play the prominent roles The venture was jointly produced by Mani Ratnam and Subaskaran under their banners Madras Talkies and Lyca Productions The music was composed by A R Rahman while Ravi Varman handled the cinematography of the film A Sreekar Prasad was the editor 92 93 Initially planned as one film reminiscent of Mughal E Azam Ponniyin Selvan was divided into two parts This was done to ensure that the audience would not be confused with the screenplay and story adapted from the five books of the epic The first part Ponniyin Selvan I released theatrically on 30 September 2022 94 95 Filmography EditMain article Mani Ratnam filmographyCraft style and technical collaborations EditMani Ratnam grew up watching the films of K Balachander Guru Dutt and Sivaji Ganesan 96 He is greatly influenced by the film making styles of Akira Kurosawa Martin Scorsese Krzysztof Kieslowski Ingmar Bergman and Mahendran 96 97 Unlike most of his contemporaries Mani Ratnam did not assist anybody in film making prior to entering the industry 98 A majority of his films are characterized by a string of socio political themes 99 Because of his idea of combining art and commercial elements most of his films garnered both critical acclaim and commercial success 99 Nayakan Bombay and Iruvar were inspired from real life incidents while Thalapathi and Raavan were based on Indian epics 48 Mani Ratnam handled screenplays for a majority of his films Lauded for his casting in each of his films he claimed in an interview that I am not a director who performs and shows I discuss the role the scene with my actors and let them bring life to it 48 Right from the beginning of his career his works were noted for their technical expertise in areas such as cinematography art direction editing and background score For his debut film he managed to handpick Balu Mahendra Thotta Tharani B Lenin and Ilaiyaraaja leading craftsmen in their respective fields 100 As his career progressed he worked with his childhood friend P C Sreeram and continued his collaborations with him until Geethanjali In 1991 for his film Thalapathi he chose Santosh Sivan and Suresh Urs both newcomers to the Tamil film industry to do cinematography and editing respectively 101 102 Both would later become a part of his regular crew 103 While working on Raavan Santosh Sivan noted any cameraman can hone his skills just working with Mani and described Mani Ratnam s films as difficult to film 103 From his debut project till Thalapathi Ilaiyaraaja was his regular composer 104 For his next film Roja 1992 he collaborated with debutant A R Rahman who has been his regular composer for all his films till date 104 Among cinematographers he has also worked with Madhu Ambat Rajiv Menon Ravi K Chandran V Manikandan and Ravi Varman while switching between Sreeram and Santosh Sivan otherwise 105 Since Alaipayuthey Sreekar Prasad has been his regular film editor 106 107 Awards and honours EditSee also List of awards and nominations received by Mani Ratnam Mani is well recognized outside India with a retrospective of his films held at various film festivals around the world such as Toronto International Film Festival Busan International Film Festival Tokyo Filmex and Birmingham International Film Festival 55 His films are being screened regularly at many film festivals such as Venice Film Festival Rotterdam Film Festival Montreal World Film Festival and Palm Springs International Film Festival 55 The Government of India honoured Mani with Padma Shri in 2002 108 He has won several National Film Awards Filmfare Awards Filmfare Awards South and state awards Apart from these awards many of his films have been screened at various film festivals and have won numerous accolades Geethanjali directed by him won the Golden Lotus Award for Best Popular Film at the 37th National Film Awards Other films like Mouna Ragam Anjali and Kannathil Muthamittal have won the Best Regional Film awards at the National Film Awards Two of his films Roja and Bombay have won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration The former was also nominated for Best Film category at the 18th Moscow International Film Festival 109 In 2010 Mani was honoured with Jaeger Lecoultre Glory to the Filmmaker at the 67th Venice International Film Festival 21 110 In July 2015 he was honoured with the Sun Mark Lifetime Achievement Award at the Bagri Foundation London Indian Film Festival for his esteemed contribution to international cinema 111 Around the same time the Museum of the Moving Image New York City paid a special tribute to Mani His films Roja Bombay and Dil Se were screened at the museum as a retrospective 112 See also EditList of films directed by Mani Ratnam featuring A R RahmanNotes Edit Everyone loves the black lady The Times of India 12 August 2007 Archived from the original on 11 November 2015 Retrieved 18 July 2015 The timeless duo Mani Ratnam and Ilaiyaraaja The Week Archived from the original on 22 June 2020 Retrieved 19 June 2020 a b Shetty Kavitha 15 February 1994 A shooting success India Today Archived from the original on 23 July 2013 Retrieved 28 December 2015 a b N Sathiya Moorthy Film producer GV commits suicide Rediff Archived from the original on 7 January 2017 Retrieved 17 September 2011 a b c d e f g Mani mantra for B school The Telegraph Calcutta India 10 September 2007 Archived from the original on 14 January 2012 Retrieved 10 September 2011 S Shivakumar 10 May 2003 The seamier side of film financing The Hindu Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2012 Film producer G Srinivasan dead The Hindu 28 May 2007 Archived from the original on 11 August 2011 Retrieved 17 September 2011 Singh Vidya 3 November 2011 Maniratnam the filmmaker The New Indian Express Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 Retrieved 26 May 2012 a b c d e f g Rangan 2014 chpt Pallavi Anupallavi Unaru Pagal Nilavu Idhayakoil Suhasini wishes her husband Mani Ratnam on their wedding anniversary The Times of India 26 August 2018 Archived from the original on 11 July 2021 Retrieved 6 July 2021 Mani Ratnam s son a hit at party meet The Indian Express Press Trust of India 2 April 2008 Archived from the original on 10 November 2012 Retrieved 21 May 2012 Ramkumar Krishna 19 September 2009 Planet plush The Times of India p 37 Archived from the original on 26 November 2013 Retrieved 23 May 2012 Security cover for Mani Ratnam reviewed The Hindu Chennai India 18 January 2003 Archived from the original on 13 September 2012 Retrieved 10 September 2011 Movie Director Injured By Bomb Police Blame Muslim Extremists Associated Press Quint The 30 July 2019 Did Mani Ratnam Sign Letter Written to Modi Over Mob Lynching Yes TheQuint Retrieved 24 December 2021 How is it sedition Stalin condemns FIR against Mani Ratnam Revathi and others The News Minute 5 October 2019 Retrieved 24 December 2021 a b P K Ajith Kumar 27 August 2010 A life in cinema The Hindu Archived from the original on 20 March 2012 Retrieved 11 March 2012 a b c d Directorate of Film Festival PDF Directorate of Film Festivals Archived from the original PDF on 17 October 2014 Retrieved 11 February 2011 Subramanian Samanth 2 March 2005 Mani on Mani The Hindu Archived from the original on 20 March 2012 Retrieved 11 March 2012 Srinivasan Pavithra 9 September 2010 Pagal Nilavu 1985 Rediff Archived from the original on 3 April 2012 Retrieved 11 March 2012 a b c d Bhaskaran Gautaman 7 September 2010 Venice honours Mani Ratnam Hindustan Times Archived from the original on 14 February 2011 Retrieved 9 September 2011 a b c d e Srinivasan Pavithra 9 June 2010 Nayagan 1987 Chennai Rediff Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 Retrieved 11 September 2011 Hemanth 9 November 2010 Evolution of Dubbed Films in Andhra Pradesh South Scope Archived from the original on 21 October 2013 Retrieved 5 September 2013 Nagappan 2011 p 172 a b Chaudhuri 2005 p 161 Nayagan Dayavan Rediff 29 March 2011 Archived from the original on 18 May 2012 Retrieved 1 June 2012 Babu Jayakumar G 7 October 2010 Tragedy brings back memories of Nayagan The Indian Express Archived from the original on 21 July 2015 Retrieved 1 June 2012 Apu Trilogy Pyasa Nayakan in Time list of 100 great films Outlook 23 May 2005 Archived from the original on 24 July 2015 Retrieved 18 April 2012 Tourtellotte Bob 24 May 2005 Three Indian films make it to top 100 list Sify Los Angeles Reuters Archived from the original on 22 October 2012 Retrieved 10 September 2011 India Today 1994 p 49 Parameswaran Prathibha 19 August 2009 Sridevi calls me sir says Kamal Hassan CNN IBN Archived from the original on 24 August 2013 Retrieved 1 June 2012 Kamath Sudhish 15 July 2005 Nayagan Sarkar stand on their own The Hindu Chennai Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 1 June 2012 Roy Piyush 27 January 2008 India s Oscar drill The Indian Express Retrieved 31 May 2012 a b National Film Development Corporation of India 1988 p 77 K Jeshi 18 June 2005 When a maestro cranks the camera The Hindu Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 31 May 2012 Jha Subhash K Nagarjuna Mahesh Babu to star in Mani Ratnam s next Rediff Archived from the original on 15 July 2021 Retrieved 15 July 2021 37th National Film Awards PDF Directorate of Film Festivals Archived PDF from the original on 2 October 2013 Retrieved 25 May 2012 a b 38th National Film Festival 1991 Directorate of Film Festivals p 69 Archived from the original on 5 November 2013 Retrieved 31 May 2012 38th National Film Festival PDF Directorate of Film Festivals p 79 Archived from the original PDF on 26 March 2012 Retrieved 31 May 2012 Rajinikanth s Thalapathi to be remade in Bollywood Oneindia in 22 November 2011 Archived from the original on 15 May 2013 Retrieved 29 May 2012 Rajni s Tamil Top 10 Rediff Archived from the original on 2 November 2012 Retrieved 11 September 2011 S Thakkar Mehul 11 November 2011 Mani Ratnam reunites with Bharat Shah The Times of India Archived from the original on 21 May 2013 Retrieved 29 May 2012 Won from the heart 39th Annual Filmfare Awards Nite Winners Filmfare May 1993 18th Moscow International Film Festival 1993 MIFF Archived from the original on 3 April 2014 Retrieved 9 March 2013 Chaudhuri 2005 p 162 Sen Raja 18 June 2010 Raavan is unforgivably boring Rediff Archived from the original on 1 February 2015 Retrieved 29 May 2012 Thoraval 2000 p 339 a b c Nayar Parvathi 25 June 2010 Jewel of Indian cinema AsiaOne Archived from the original on 9 October 2014 Retrieved 27 December 2015 Sri 16 July 2009 Retrospect Gaayam 1993 Telugucinema com Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 Retrieved 6 March 2012 a b c Chaudhuri 2005 p 163 Previous Political Film Society Award Winners Political Film Society Archived from the original on 18 August 2011 Retrieved 11 September 2011 13th JFF Jerusalem Film Festival Archived from the original on 24 May 2012 Retrieved 11 September 2011 British Federation of Film Societies 1994 p 15 A change of guard Rediff 3 November 1998 Archived from the original on 19 December 2014 Retrieved 29 May 2012 a b c The Director Mani Ratnam PDF berlinbabylon14 Archived PDF from the original on 20 July 2013 Retrieved 27 May 2012 a b Mani Ratnam admitted to hospital The Indian Express 15 April 2009 Retrieved 10 September 2011 Gopalan 2005 p 9 Political Film Society Previous Award Winners Political Film Society Archived from the original on 27 May 2012 Mani Ratnam s best in Bollywood IBN Live Archived from the original on 10 October 2013 Retrieved 27 May 2012 Sattar Miral 27 October 2010 Five Essential Bollywood Movies to Netflix Time Time Inc Archived from the original on 29 May 2012 Retrieved 27 May 2012 Nahta Komal 21 September 2000 Bollywood films strike gold Rediff Archived from the original on 17 May 2013 Retrieved 24 May 2012 Box Office 1998 Box Office India Archived from the original on 17 October 2013 Retrieved 24 May 2012 1999 Winners Berlin International Film Festival Archived from the original on 29 March 2014 Retrieved 11 September 2011 As Dil Se Completes 20 Years We Wonder Why Bollywood Stopped Making Great Movies Like These 21 August 2018 Archived from the original on 8 October 2019 Retrieved 21 November 2019 17 Bollywood Cult Classics You Won t Believe Were Actually Flops 20 September 2014 Archived from the original on 21 May 2020 Retrieved 21 November 2019 Film Review Alaipayuthey The Hindu 21 April 2000 Archived from the original on 14 October 2012 Retrieved 29 May 2012 Weaving emotions into celluloid The Hindu 21 April 2000 Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 29 May 2012 2000 Winners Berlin International Film Festival 2011 Archived from the original on 9 July 2012 Retrieved 11 September 2011 R Kamath Sudhish 15 June 2005 Rahman musical extravaganza in the offing The Hindu Chennai India Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 3 February 2012 Kamath Sudhish 4 August 2005 The making of Planet Kollywood The Hindu Chennai India Archived from the original on 14 August 2012 Retrieved 3 February 2005 Banyan pulls out of Dial 100 Mental Health Helpline services The Hindu Chennai India 23 November 2008 Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 3 February 2012 Tulika Pearl 26 February 2012 Delicate flower caught in a storm Rediff Archived from the original on 4 June 2011 Retrieved 11 September 2011 The 20th JFF Jerusalem Film Festival Archived from the original on 19 August 2011 Retrieved 11 September 2011 IFFLA 2003 Film Schedule Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles Archived from the original on 9 August 2011 Retrieved 11 September 2011 a b Kehr Dave 21 May 2004 Portraits From the Class Struggle in Modern India The New York Times Archived from the original on 22 May 2013 Retrieved 10 September 2011 Dasgupta Priyanka 14 January 2007 Spinning a yarn The Times of India Archived from the original on 5 November 2012 Retrieved 17 April 2012 Devi K Sangeetha 6 October 2006 This is as big as it gets The Hindu Chennai India Archived from the original on 10 November 2012 Retrieved 10 September 2011 SALAM ZIYA US 28 December 2007 Twinkle twinkle all stars The Hindu Chennai India Archived from the original on 10 November 2012 Retrieved 10 September 2011 Preview Acceptance in Cannes bestows prestige and honour Archived from the original on 30 September 2012 Cannes India celebrate 60 years Variety Archived from the original on 12 August 2011 Cannes fete off to a start with Robin Hood The Hindu Press Trust of India 14 May 2010 Archived from the original on 6 April 2012 Retrieved 9 October 2013 Mani Ratnam to be honoured at Venice The Indian Express 18 May 2010 Archived from the original on 24 May 2010 Retrieved 9 September 2011 Saltz Rachael 18 June 2010 An Indian Epic With Bollywood Glamour The New York Times Archived from the original on 24 June 2012 Retrieved 10 September 2011 Sivaswamy Saisuresh 18 June 2010 Vikram s Raavanan is better as is Prithviraj s Dev Rediff Archived from the original on 3 April 2012 Retrieved 25 May 2012 Rajeev Masand 19 June 2010 Masand Raavan is a bore of a film IBN Live Archived from the original on 1 February 2015 Going Places The Telegraph 10 October 2010 Archived from the original on 19 June 2012 Retrieved 30 January 2013 Mani Ratnam gets police protection The Times of India 28 February 2013 Archived from the original on 24 June 2013 Retrieved 12 February 2014 Dil Raju suggested Ok Bangaram title to Mani Ratnam The Indian Express 23 March 2015 Archived from the original on 3 April 2015 Retrieved 25 March 2015 Kanchana 2 and OK Kanmani are superhits Sify 21 April 2015 Archived from the original on 5 October 2015 Retrieved 4 October 2015 Upadhyaya Prakash 20 April 2015 Ok Kanmani Review Round up Dulquer Salmaan Nithya Menen s Film Gets Positive Response International Business Times Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 Retrieved 24 March 2016 Mani Ratnam releases Kaatru Veliyidai poster Karthi and Aditi Rao Hydari in lead The Indian Express 7 July 2016 Archived from the original on 7 July 2016 Retrieved 7 July 2016 Its official Mani Ratnams next to star Jyothika Simbu Vijay Sethupathi Fahadh Faasil Archived from the original on 19 September 2017 Retrieved 18 September 2017 Cast for Mani Ratnam s next announced The News Minute 16 September 2017 Archived from the original on 18 September 2017 Retrieved 18 September 2017 Karthi confirms Mani Ratnam s Ponniyin Selvan is a two part epic part 1 will release in 2022 Indian Express 20 July 2021 Archived from the original on 3 September 2021 Retrieved 3 September 2021 Mani Ratnam s Ponniyin Selvan Part One to release on September 30 first looks out The Hindu 2 March 2022 a b Padmanabhan Gautam Straight From The Heart Asian Age Archived from the original on 5 April 2012 Retrieved 19 May 2012 Cannes is not my goal The Hindu 12 April 2002 Archived from the original on 8 September 2003 Retrieved 28 March 2014 Jayanthi K 15 October 1995 What makes Mani The Indian Express Archived from the original on 20 March 2012 Retrieved 29 February 2012 a b Tiburon International Film Festival Mani Ratnam Tiburon International Film Festival Archived from the original on 26 November 2013 Retrieved 19 May 2012 Rangan 2014 chpt Filmography and Awards Rangan 2014 chpt Thalapathy S R Ashok Kumar 23 December 2011 A different role The Hindu Archived from the original on 27 September 2021 Retrieved 8 October 2013 a b Santhosh Sivan on the sets of Raavan Sify Archived from the original on 23 September 2012 Retrieved 8 October 2013 a b Ilayaraja Mani Ratnam bury differences The Times of India 5 April 2013 Archived from the original on 8 April 2013 Retrieved 8 October 2013 Encountering transitions The Hindu 27 January 2013 Archived from the original on 3 April 2013 Retrieved 8 October 2013 Sreekar Prasad on editing a bilingual Rediff 20 May 2004 Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 Retrieved 8 October 2013 Subhash K Jha 24 June 2010 Let him say what he wants to Mid Day Archived from the original on 28 July 2010 Retrieved 8 October 2013 Padma Awards Government of India National Informatics Centre Competition program XVIII MIFF 1 12 july 1993 34th Moscow International Film Festival Archived from the original on 3 April 2014 Retrieved 24 May 2012 Venezia 67 Awards Venice Film Festival Archived from the original on 13 September 2010 Retrieved 11 September 2010 London Indian Film Festival Awards London Indian Film Festival Archived from the original on 19 July 2015 Retrieved 20 July 2015 Dore Shalini 11 June 2015 Mani Ratnam Tribute Set at Museum of the Moving Image Variety Archived from the original on 8 December 2015 Retrieved 30 November 2015 Bibliography EditNagappan Ramu 1 December 2011 Speaking Havoc Social Suffering and South Asian Narratives University of Washington Press ISBN 978 0 295 80171 1 Archived from the original on 13 August 2018 Retrieved 22 September 2016 Thoraval Yves 1 February 2000 The cinemas of India Macmillan India ISBN 978 0 333 93410 4 Archived from the original on 31 December 2013 Retrieved 22 September 2016 Film British Federation of Film Societies 1994 Archived from the original on 12 December 2013 Retrieved 22 September 2016 National Film Development Corporation of India NFDC Directorate of Film Festivals 1988 Indian cinema Directorate of Film Festivals Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Chaudhuri Shohini 2005 Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka Contemporary world cinema Europe the Middle East East Asia and South Asia Edinburgh University Press p 199 ISBN 9780748617999 1994 India India Today Aroon Purie for Living Media India Ltd 21 1994 1988 India India Today Living Media India Limited 13 96 1988 Archived from the original on 12 December 2013 Retrieved 22 September 2016 Gopalan Lalitha 2005 Bombay BFI Film Classics BFI Publishing ISBN 978 0 85170 956 7 Rangan Baradwaj 2014 Conversations with Mani Ratnam Penguin Books Limited ISBN 978 81 8475 690 6 Rangan Baradwaj Sachidanandam Aravindh 2014 Maniratnam Padaippugal or Uraiyadal Kizhakku Pathippagam ISBN 9789351351573 Further reading EditBal Mieke 2004 Narrative Theory Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies Taylor amp Francis p 1680 ISBN 978 0 415 31661 3 Benjamin S 2006 A rose by any other name exploring the politics of Mani Ratnam s Roja Contemporary South Asia pp 423 435 Mallhi Angie 2006 The Illusion of Secularism Mani Ratnam s Bombay and the Consolidation of Hindu Hegemony University of Victoria CAPI Occasional Paper 31 Victoria Centre for Asia Pacific Initiatives Terska Ciecko Anne 2006 National Cinema and State Authority Contemporary Asian Cinema Popular culture in a Global Frame Berg Berg Publishers ISBN 978 1 84520 237 8 Gopalan Lalitha 2005 Bombay BFI Film Classics London BFI Publishing ISBN 978 0 85170 956 7 Nagappan Ramu 2005 Momentary Pleasures of Reconciliation Speaking Havoc Social Suffering amp South Asian Narratives Washington University of Washington Press ISBN 978 0 295 98488 9 Velayutham Selvaraj 2008 Tamil Cinema The Cultural Politics of India s Other Film Industry Routledge ISBN 978 0 415 39680 6 Archived from the original on 2 November 2021 Retrieved 22 September 2016 External links Edit Media related to Mani Ratnam at Wikimedia Commons Mani Ratnam at IMDb Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mani Ratnam amp oldid 1148068077, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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