fbpx
Wikipedia

Doctor of Divinity

January 26, 2023

"D.D." redirects here. For other uses, see DD (disambiguation).

A Doctor of Divinity (D.D. or DDiv; Latin: Doctor Divinitatis) is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity.

An Oxford Doctor of Divinity, in Convocation habit, not full ceremonial dress

In the United Kingdom, it is considered an advanced doctoral degree. At the University of Oxford, doctors of divinity are ranked first in "academic precedence and standing", [1] while at the University of Cambridge they rank ahead of all other doctors in the "order of seniority of graduates".[2]

In some countries, such as in the United States, the degree of doctor of divinity is usually an honorary degree and not a research or academic degree.

Doctor of Divinity by country or church

British Isles and Ireland

In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the degree is a higher doctorate conferred by universities upon a religious scholar of standing and distinction, usually for accomplishments beyond the Ph.D. level. Bishops of the Church of England have traditionally held Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, or Lambeth degrees making them doctors of divinity. At the University of Oxford, doctors of divinity are ranked first in "academic precedence and standing".[3] At the University of Cambridge, they rank ahead of all other doctors in the "order of seniority of graduates".[4]

Typically, an academic candidate will submit a collection of work which has been previously published in a peer-reviewed context and pay an examination fee.[5] The university then assembles a committee of academics both internal and external who review the work submitted and decide on whether the candidate deserves the doctorate based on the submission. Most universities restrict candidacy to graduates or academic staff of several years' standing.

United States

In the United States, most doctors of divinity hold a degree conferred honoris causa by a church-related college, seminary, or university to recognize the recipient's achievements as a minister of religion.[6] For example, Martin Luther King Jr. graduated as a Ph.D. in systematic theology from Boston University in 1955 and subsequently received honorary doctor of divinity degrees from the Chicago Theological Seminary (1957), Boston University (1959), Wesleyan College (1964), and Springfield College (1964).[7] Billy Graham, who received honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees from The King's College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, was regularly addressed as "Dr. Graham", though his highest earned degree was a Bachelor of Arts degree in anthropology from Wheaton College.[8][9]

Under federal law, a 1974 judgement accepted expert opinion that an "honorary doctor of divinity is a strictly religious title with no academic standing. Such titles may be issued by bona fide churches and religious denominations, such as plaintiff Universal Life Church, so long as their issuance is limited to a course of instruction in the principles of the church or religious denomination".[10] However, under the California Education Code, "an institution owned, controlled, and operated and maintained by a religious organization lawfully operating as a nonprofit religious corporation pursuant to Part 4 (commencing with Section 9110) of Division 2 of Title 1 of the Corporations Code" that offers "instruction... limited to the principles of that religious organization, or to courses offered pursuant to Section 2789 of Business and Professions Code" may confer "degrees and diplomas only in the beliefs and practices of the church, religious denomination, or religious organization" so long as "the diploma or degree is limited to evidence of completion of that education"; institutions "shall not award degrees in any area of physical science", while

any degree or diploma granted under this subdivision shall contain on its face ... a reference to the theological or religious aspect of the degree's subject area ... a degree awarded under this subdivision shall reflect the nature of the degree title, such as "associate of religious studies," "bachelor of religious studies," "master of divinity," or "doctor of divinity."[11]

In a 1976 interview with Morley Safer of the TV newsmagazine 60 Minutes, Universal Life Church founder Kirby J. Hensley professed that the church's honorary doctor of divinity degree was "...just a little piece of paper. And it ain't worth anything, you know, under God's mighty green Earth—you know what I mean?—as far as value."[12] In 2006, Universal Life Church minister Kevin Andrews advised potential degree recipients not to misrepresent the title as an educational achievement to employers, recommending instead that it would be appropriate to list such credentials "under the heading of Titles, Awards, or Other Achievements" on curricula vitae.[13]

As of 2009, 20 U.S. states and Puerto Rico had some form of exemption provision under which religious institutions can grant religious degrees without accreditation or government oversight.[a][14]

Roman Catholic Church

In the Roman Catholic Church, a doctor of divinity is usually the holder of an honorary degree, often conferred upon a bishop.[15][16] In the pontifical university system, a holder of the highest earned degree in Catholic theology is styled "Doctor of Sacred Theology" (in Latin, Sacrae Theologiae Doctor, abbreviated STD).

Contrast with other religious degrees

A doctor of divinity should not be confused with a Doctor of Theology (Th.D.), the holder of a research doctorate in theology awarded by universities and divinity schools. However, many universities award a Ph.D. rather than a Th.D. to graduates of higher-level religious studies programs. A Doctor of Sacred Theology (STD) holds another research doctorate, in particular awarded by Catholic pontifical universities and faculties. A Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) holds another doctorate-level religious degree, which is a professional doctorate rather than a research doctorate.[17]

The Doctor and Student

Christopher St. Germain's book The Doctor and Student (1528) describes a dialogue between a Doctor of Divinity and a law student in England containing the grounds of those laws together with questions and cases concerning the equity thereof.[18]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The places in the U.S. that have some form of exemption provision under which religious institutions can grant religious degrees without accreditation or government oversight are Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, South Dakota, South Carolina, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.[14]

References

  1. ^ "Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". University of Oxford. 26 June 2002.
  2. ^ "Order of Seniority of Graduates". University of Cambridge. 2013.
  3. ^ "Regulations for Degrees, Diplomas, and Certificates". University of Oxford. 26 June 2002.
  4. ^ "Order of Seniority of Graduates". University of Cambridge. 2013.
  5. ^ www.eastdesign.net, Supported by Eastern Studio. "recently awarded degrees - Faculty Office".
  6. ^ "Doctor of Divinity". degreedirectory.org.
  7. ^ "Biographical Sketch: Martin Luther King, Jr" (PDF). norcalmlkfoundation.org. The Northern California Martin Luther King Jr. Community Foundation. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  8. ^ Gibbs, Nancy; Ostling, Richard N. (15 November 1993). . Time. Archived from the original on 7 December 2007. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  9. ^ "Billy Graham Evangelistic Association Chronology". Wheaton College. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  10. ^ Universal Life Church, Inc. v. United States, 372 F.Supp. 770 (E.D. Cal. 1 March 1974).
  11. ^ "EDC § 94874". FindLaw.com. California Code, Education Code.
  12. ^ Jackman 2007.
  13. ^ . ulc.net. Universal Life Church Online. 2 June 2006. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  14. ^ a b . osac.state.or.us. Oregon Student Assistance Commission Office of Degree Authorization. Archived from the original on 21 February 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  15. ^ "Bishop Saulo awarded Doctor of Divinity degree by Huron College | Diocese of Huron". diohuron.org.
  16. ^ "Doctoral Requirement for Bishops". Catholic Answers Forums. 27 June 2018.
  17. ^ "Doctor of Ministry - Fuller Seminary". Fuller Seminary.
  18. ^ St. Germain & Muchall 1886.

Bibliography

  • Jackman, Ian, ed. (2007). Con Men: Fascinating Profiles of Swindlers and Rogues from the Files of the Most Successful Broadcast in Television History. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-9319-5.
  • St. Germain, Christopher; Muchall, William (1886). The Doctor and Student, Or, Dialogues Between a Doctor of Divinity and a Student in the Laws of England: Containing the Grounds of Those Laws Together with Questions and Cases Concerning the Equity Thereof. Cincinnati: R. Clarke.

External links

  • The Doctor and Student pdf files

January 26, 2023
doctor, divinity, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, ddiv, latin, doctor, divinitatis, holder, advanced, academic, degree, divinity, oxford, convocation, habit, full, ceremonial, dress, united, kingdom, considered, advanced, doctoral, degree, univer. D D redirects here For other uses see DD disambiguation A Doctor of Divinity D D or DDiv Latin Doctor Divinitatis is the holder of an advanced academic degree in divinity An Oxford Doctor of Divinity in Convocation habit not full ceremonial dress In the United Kingdom it is considered an advanced doctoral degree At the University of Oxford doctors of divinity are ranked first in academic precedence and standing 1 while at the University of Cambridge they rank ahead of all other doctors in the order of seniority of graduates 2 In some countries such as in the United States the degree of doctor of divinity is usually an honorary degree and not a research or academic degree Contents 1 Doctor of Divinity by country or church 1 1 British Isles and Ireland 1 2 United States 1 3 Roman Catholic Church 2 Contrast with other religious degrees 3 The Doctor and Student 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External linksDoctor of Divinity by country or church EditBritish Isles and Ireland Edit In the United Kingdom and Ireland the degree is a higher doctorate conferred by universities upon a religious scholar of standing and distinction usually for accomplishments beyond the Ph D level Bishops of the Church of England have traditionally held Oxford Cambridge Dublin or Lambeth degrees making them doctors of divinity At the University of Oxford doctors of divinity are ranked first in academic precedence and standing 3 At the University of Cambridge they rank ahead of all other doctors in the order of seniority of graduates 4 Typically an academic candidate will submit a collection of work which has been previously published in a peer reviewed context and pay an examination fee 5 The university then assembles a committee of academics both internal and external who review the work submitted and decide on whether the candidate deserves the doctorate based on the submission Most universities restrict candidacy to graduates or academic staff of several years standing United States Edit In the United States most doctors of divinity hold a degree conferred honoris causa by a church related college seminary or university to recognize the recipient s achievements as a minister of religion 6 For example Martin Luther King Jr graduated as a Ph D in systematic theology from Boston University in 1955 and subsequently received honorary doctor of divinity degrees from the Chicago Theological Seminary 1957 Boston University 1959 Wesleyan College 1964 and Springfield College 1964 7 Billy Graham who received honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees from The King s College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was regularly addressed as Dr Graham though his highest earned degree was a Bachelor of Arts degree in anthropology from Wheaton College 8 9 Under federal law a 1974 judgement accepted expert opinion that an honorary doctor of divinity is a strictly religious title with no academic standing Such titles may be issued by bona fide churches and religious denominations such as plaintiff Universal Life Church so long as their issuance is limited to a course of instruction in the principles of the church or religious denomination 10 However under the California Education Code an institution owned controlled and operated and maintained by a religious organization lawfully operating as a nonprofit religious corporation pursuant to Part 4 commencing with Section 9110 of Division 2 of Title 1 of the Corporations Code that offers instruction limited to the principles of that religious organization or to courses offered pursuant to Section 2789 of Business and Professions Code may confer degrees and diplomas only in the beliefs and practices of the church religious denomination or religious organization so long as the diploma or degree is limited to evidence of completion of that education institutions shall not award degrees in any area of physical science while any degree or diploma granted under this subdivision shall contain on its face a reference to the theological or religious aspect of the degree s subject area a degree awarded under this subdivision shall reflect the nature of the degree title such as associate of religious studies bachelor of religious studies master of divinity or doctor of divinity 11 In a 1976 interview with Morley Safer of the TV newsmagazine 60 Minutes Universal Life Church founder Kirby J Hensley professed that the church s honorary doctor of divinity degree was just a little piece of paper And it ain t worth anything you know under God s mighty green Earth you know what I mean as far as value 12 In 2006 Universal Life Church minister Kevin Andrews advised potential degree recipients not to misrepresent the title as an educational achievement to employers recommending instead that it would be appropriate to list such credentials under the heading of Titles Awards or Other Achievements on curricula vitae 13 As of 2009 20 U S states and Puerto Rico had some form of exemption provision under which religious institutions can grant religious degrees without accreditation or government oversight a 14 Roman Catholic Church Edit In the Roman Catholic Church a doctor of divinity is usually the holder of an honorary degree often conferred upon a bishop 15 16 In the pontifical university system a holder of the highest earned degree in Catholic theology is styled Doctor of Sacred Theology in Latin Sacrae Theologiae Doctor abbreviated STD Contrast with other religious degrees EditA doctor of divinity should not be confused with a Doctor of Theology Th D the holder of a research doctorate in theology awarded by universities and divinity schools However many universities award a Ph D rather than a Th D to graduates of higher level religious studies programs A Doctor of Sacred Theology STD holds another research doctorate in particular awarded by Catholic pontifical universities and faculties A Doctor of Ministry D Min holds another doctorate level religious degree which is a professional doctorate rather than a research doctorate 17 The Doctor and Student EditChristopher St Germain s book The Doctor and Student 1528 describes a dialogue between a Doctor of Divinity and a law student in England containing the grounds of those laws together with questions and cases concerning the equity thereof 18 See also Edit Christianity portalBachelor of Divinity Doctor of the Church Master of Divinity Lambeth degreeNotes Edit The places in the U S that have some form of exemption provision under which religious institutions can grant religious degrees without accreditation or government oversight are Arizona California Florida Georgia Hawaii Indiana Iowa Louisiana Maryland Minnesota Missouri Montana New Mexico North Carolina Puerto Rico South Dakota South Carolina Utah Virginia Washington and Wisconsin 14 References Edit Regulations for Degrees Diplomas and Certificates University of Oxford 26 June 2002 Order of Seniority of Graduates University of Cambridge 2013 Regulations for Degrees Diplomas and Certificates University of Oxford 26 June 2002 Order of Seniority of Graduates University of Cambridge 2013 www eastdesign net Supported by Eastern Studio recently awarded degrees Faculty Office Doctor of Divinity degreedirectory org Biographical Sketch Martin Luther King Jr PDF norcalmlkfoundation org The Northern California Martin Luther King Jr Community Foundation Retrieved 25 July 2018 Gibbs Nancy Ostling Richard N 15 November 1993 God s Billy Pulpit Time Archived from the original on 7 December 2007 Retrieved 26 February 2014 Billy Graham Evangelistic Association Chronology Wheaton College 17 June 2014 Retrieved 20 May 2015 Universal Life Church Inc v United States 372 F Supp 770 E D Cal 1 March 1974 EDC 94874 FindLaw com California Code Education Code Jackman 2007 ULC Degrees Accredited ulc net Universal Life Church Online 2 June 2006 Archived from the original on 18 May 2015 Retrieved 20 May 2015 a b Religious Exempt Schools osac state or us Oregon Student Assistance Commission Office of Degree Authorization Archived from the original on 21 February 2011 Retrieved 21 March 2011 Bishop Saulo awarded Doctor of Divinity degree by Huron College Diocese of Huron diohuron org Doctoral Requirement for Bishops Catholic Answers Forums 27 June 2018 Doctor of Ministry Fuller Seminary Fuller Seminary St Germain amp Muchall 1886 Bibliography EditJackman Ian ed 2007 Con Men Fascinating Profiles of Swindlers and Rogues from the Files of the Most Successful Broadcast in Television History New York Simon and Schuster ISBN 978 1 4165 9319 5 St Germain Christopher Muchall William 1886 The Doctor and Student Or Dialogues Between a Doctor of Divinity and a Student in the Laws of England Containing the Grounds of Those Laws Together with Questions and Cases Concerning the Equity Thereof Cincinnati R Clarke External links EditThe Doctor and Student pdf files Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Doctor of Divinity amp oldid 1130291942, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.