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Madison Square Garden

Madison Square Garden, colloquially known as The Garden or by its initials MSG, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan between Seventh and Eighth avenues from 31st to 33rd Street, above Pennsylvania Station. It is the fourth venue to bear the name "Madison Square Garden"; the first two (1879 and 1890) were located on Madison Square, on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue, with the third Madison Square Garden (1925) farther uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street.

Madison Square Garden
"MSG", "The Garden"
Madison Square Garden in 2019
Madison Square Garden
Location in Manhattan
Madison Square Garden
Location in New York City
Madison Square Garden
Location in New York State
Madison Square Garden
Location in United States
Address4 Pennsylvania Plaza
LocationNew York City, New York, U.S.
Coordinates40°45′2″N 73°59′37″W / 40.75056°N 73.99361°W / 40.75056; -73.99361Coordinates: 40°45′2″N 73°59′37″W / 40.75056°N 73.99361°W / 40.75056; -73.99361
Public transit
OwnerMadison Square Garden Entertainment
Capacity
Field size820,000 sq ft (76,000 m2)
Construction
Broke groundOctober 29, 1964[2]
Opened
  • 1879, 1890, 1925
    (former locations)
  • February 11, 1968
    (current location)
Renovated
  • 1989–1991
  • 2011–2013
Construction cost
  • $123 million
  • Renovation (1991):
    $200 million
  • Total cost:
    $1.19 billion in 2020
Architect
Structural engineerSeverud Associates[3]
Services engineerSyska & Hennessy, Inc.[4]
General contractorTurner/Del E. Webb[4]
Tenants
Website
www.msg.com/madison-square-garden

The Garden is used for professional ice hockey and basketball, as well as boxing, mixed martial arts, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports and entertainment. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown, and Macy's at Herald Square. It is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL), the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA), and was home to the New York Liberty (WNBA) from 1997 to 2017.

Originally called Madison Square Garden Center, the Garden opened on February 11, 1968, and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area. It is the oldest arena in the NBA and the second oldest arena in the NHL. As of 2016, MSG is also the second-busiest music arena in the world in terms of ticket sales.[5] Including two major renovations, its total construction cost was approximately $1.1 billion, and it has been ranked as one of the 10 most expensive stadium venues ever built.[6] It is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex, named for the railway station. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name.

History

Previous Gardens

Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States.[7]

Two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the original Garden from 1879 to 1890, and the second Garden from 1890 to 1925. The first, leased to P. T. Barnum,[8] and was demolished in 1890 because of a leaky roof and dangerous balconies that had collapsed, resulting in deaths. The second was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum,[9] Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. White gave them a Beaux-Arts structure with a Moorish feel, including a minaret-like tower modeled after Giralda, the bell tower of the Cathedral of Seville[9] – soaring 32 stories – the city's second-tallest building at the time – dominating Madison Square Park. It was 200 feet (61 m) by 485 feet (148 m), and the main hall, which was the largest in the world, measured 200 feet (61 m) by 350 feet (110 m), with permanent seating for 8,000 people and floor space for thousands more. It had a 1,200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city, and a roof garden cabaret.[8] The building cost $3 million.[8] Madison Square Garden II was unsuccessful like the first Garden,[10] and the New York Life Insurance Company, which held the mortgage on it, decided to tear it down in 1925 to make way for a new headquarters building, which would become the landmark Cass Gilbert-designed New York Life Building.

A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968. Groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9, 1925.[11] Designed by the noted theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard;[8] the arena was dubbed "The House That Tex Built."[12] The arena was 200 feet (61 m) by 375 feet (114 m), with seating on three levels, and a maximum capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing.[8]

Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden,[13] and was completed in early 1969. The site is now the location of One Worldwide Plaza.

Current Garden

In February 1959, former automobile manufacturer Graham-Paige purchased a 40% interest in the Madison Square Garden for $4 million[14] and later gained control.[15] In November 1960, Graham-Paige president Irving Mitchell Felt purchased from the Pennsylvania Railroad the rights to build at Penn Station.[16] To build the new facility, the above-ground portions of the original Pennsylvania Station were torn down.[17]

 
A basketball game at Madison Square Garden circa 1968

The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of an active railroad station. It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E. McKee of El Paso, Texas. Public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure—an outstanding example of Beaux-Arts architecture—led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The venue opened on February 11, 1968. Comparing the new and the old Penn Station, Yale architectural historian Vincent Scully wrote, "One entered the city like a god; one scuttles in now like a rat."[18]

In 1972, Felt proposed moving the Knicks and Rangers to a then incomplete venue in the New Jersey Meadowlands, the Meadowlands Sports Complex. The Garden was also the home arena for the NY Raiders/NY Golden Blades of the World Hockey Association. The Meadowlands would eventually host its own NBA and NHL teams, the New Jersey Nets and the New Jersey Devils, respectively. The New York Giants and Jets of the National Football League (NFL) also relocated there. In 1977, the arena was sold to Gulf and Western Industries. Felt's efforts fueled controversy between the Garden and New York City over real estate taxes. The disagreement again flared in 1980 when the Garden again challenged its tax bill. The arena, since the 1980s, has since enjoyed tax-free status, under the condition that all Knicks and Rangers home games must be hosted at MSG, lest it lose this exemption. As such, when the Rangers have played neutral-site games—even those in New York City, such as the 2018 NHL Winter Classic, they have always been designated as the visiting team.[19]

In 1984, the four streets immediately surrounding the Garden were designated as Joe Louis Plaza, in honor of boxer Joe Louis, who had made eight successful title defenses in the previous Madison Square Garden.[20][21]

1991 renovation

In April 1986, Gulf and Western announced that they would build a new Madison Square Garden a few blocks away on the site of present-day Hudson Yards. The plan would cost an estimated $150 million and included the demolition of the 1964 building to replace it with a new office tower development.[22] After years of planning, Gulf and Western decided against building a new arena in favor of a renovation after estimated costs doubled throughout the process.[23][24]

 
Madison Square Garden pictured after the 1991 renovation.

Garden owners spent $200 million in 1991 to renovate facilities and add 89 suites in place of hundreds of upper-tier seats. The project was designed by Ellerbe Becket. The renovation was criticized for perceived corporatization. Additionally, the renovation made bathrooms larger, expanded menus, added a new ventilation system, replaced all of the seats with new cushioned teal and violet seats, and refurbished both home teams' locker rooms.[25]

In 2000, current MSG owner, James Dolan was quoted as saying that a new arena was being considered as the current building was starting to show its age.[26]

In 2004–2005, Cablevision battled with the City of New York over the proposed West Side Stadium, which was cancelled. Cablevision then announced plans to raze the Garden, replace it with high-rise commercial buildings, and build a new Garden one block away at the site of the James Farley Post Office. Meanwhile, a new project to renovate and modernize the Garden completed phase one in time for the Rangers and Knicks' 2011–12 seasons,[27] though the vice president of the Garden says he remains committed to the installation of an extension of Penn Station at the Farley Post Office site. While the Knicks and Rangers were not displaced, the New York Liberty played at the Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey during the renovation.

Madison Square Garden is the last of the NBA and NHL arenas not to be named after a corporate sponsor.[28]

2011–2013 renovation

Madison Square Garden's $1 billion second renovation took place mainly over three offseasons. It was set to begin after the 2009–10 hockey/basketball seasons, but was delayed until after the 2010–11 seasons. Renovation was done in phases with the majority of the work done in the summer months to minimize disruptions to the NHL and NBA seasons. While the Rangers and Knicks were not displaced,[29][30] the Liberty played their home games through the 2013 season at Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey, during the renovation.[31][32]

New features include a larger entrance with interactive kiosks, retail, climate-controlled space, and broadcast studio; larger concourses; new lighting and LED video systems with HDTV; new seating; two new pedestrian walkways suspended from the ceiling to allow fans to look directly down onto the games being played below; more dining options; and improved dressing rooms, locker rooms, green rooms, upgraded roof, and production offices. The lower bowl concourse, called the Madison Concourse, remains on the sixth floor. The upper bowl concourse was relocated to the eighth floor and it is known as the Garden Concourse. The seventh floor houses the new Madison Suites and the Madison Club. The upper bowl was built on top of these suites. The rebuilt concourses are wider than their predecessors, and include large windows that offer views of the city streets around the Garden.[33]

 
A picture of the hockey playing surface before the retirement ceremony of Henrik Lundqvist.

Construction of the lower bowl (Phase 1) was completed for the 2011–12 NHL season and the 2011–12 NBA lockout-shortened season. An extended off-season for the Garden permitted some advanced work to begin on the new upper bowl, which was completed in time for the 2012–13 NBA season and the 2012–13 NHL lockout-shortened NHL season. This advance work included the West Balcony on the tenth floor, taking the place of sky-boxes, and new end-ice 300 level seating. The construction of the upper bowl along with the Madison Suites and the Madison Club (Phase 2) were completed for the 2012–13 NHL and NBA seasons. The construction of the new lobby known as Chase Square, along with the Chase Bridges and the new scoreboard (Phase 3) were completed for the 2013–14 NHL and NBA seasons.

Penn Station renovation controversy

Madison Square Garden is seen as an obstacle in the renovation and future expansion of Penn Station,[34] which expanded in 2021 with the opening of Moynihan Train Hall at the James Farley Post Office,[35] and some have proposed moving MSG to other sites in western Manhattan. On February 15, 2013, Manhattan Community Board 5 voted 36–0 against granting a renewal to MSG's operating permit in perpetuity and proposed a 10-year limit instead in order to build a new Penn Station where the arena is currently standing. Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer said, "Moving the arena is an important first step to improving Penn Station." The Madison Square Garden Company responded by saying that "[i]t is incongruous to think that M.S.G. would be considering moving."[36]

In May 2013, four architecture firms – SHoP Architects, SOM, H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro – submitted proposals for a new Penn Station. SHoP Architects recommended moving Madison Square Garden to the Morgan Postal Facility a few blocks southwest, as well as removing 2 Penn Plaza and redeveloping other towers, and an extension of the High Line to Penn Station.[34] Meanwhile, SOM proposed moving Madison Square Garden to the area just south of the James Farley Post Office, and redeveloping the area above Penn Station as a mixed-use development with commercial, residential, and recreational space.[34] H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture wanted to move the arena to a new pier west of Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, four blocks west of the current station and arena. Then, according to H3's plan, four skyscrapers would be built, one at each of the four corners of the new Penn Station superblock, with a roof garden on top of the station; the Farley Post Office would become an education center.[34] Finally, Diller Scofidio + Renfro proposed a mixed-use development on the site, with spas, theaters, a cascading park, a pool, and restaurants; Madison Square Garden would be moved two blocks west, next to the post office. DS+F also proposed high-tech features in the station, such as train arrival and departure boards on the floor, and apps that would inform waiting passengers of ways to occupy their time until they board their trains.[34] Madison Square Garden rejected the notion that it would be relocated, and called the plans "pie-in-the-sky".[34]

 
The New York Rangers and St. Louis Blues play hockey beneath the renovated Garden's new HD scoreboard in January 2014

In June 2013, the New York City Council Committee on Land Use voted unanimously to give the Garden a ten-year permit, at the end of which period the owners will either have to relocate or go back through the permission process.[37] On July 24, the City Council voted to give the Garden a 10-year operating permit by a vote of 47–1. "This is the first step in finding a new home for Madison Square Garden and building a new Penn Station that is as great as New York and suitable for the 21st century," said City Council speaker Christine Quinn. "This is an opportunity to reimagine and redevelop Penn Station as a world-class transportation destination."[38]

In October 2014, the Morgan facility was selected as the ideal area for Madison Square Garden to be moved, following the 2014 MAS Summit in New York City. More plans for the station were discussed.[39][40] Then, in January 2016, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced a redevelopment plan for Penn Station that would involve the removal of The Theater at Madison Square Garden, but would otherwise leave the arena intact.[41][42]

Events

Regular events

Sports

Madison Square Garden hosts approximately 320 events a year. It is the home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, and the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association. Before 2020, the New York Rangers, New York Knicks, and the Madison Square Garden arena itself were all owned by the Madison Square Garden Company. The MSG Company split into two entities in 2020, with the Garden arena and other non-sports assets spun off into Madison Square Garden Entertainment and the Rangers and Knicks remaining with the original company, renamed Madison Square Garden Sports. Both entities remain under the voting control of James Dolan and his family. The arena is also host to the Big East men's basketball tournament and was home to the finals of the National Invitation Tournament from the beginning of its existence up until 2022.[43] It also hosts select home games for the St. John's Red Storm, representing St. John's University in men's (college basketball), and almost any other kind of indoor activity that draws large audiences, such as the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show and the 2004 Republican National Convention.

The Garden was home of the NBA Draft and NIT Season Tip-Off, as well as the former New York City home of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus and Disney on Ice; all four events are now held at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It served the New York Cosmos for half of their home games during the 1983–84 NASL Indoor season.[44]

Many of boxing's biggest fights were held at Madison Square Garden, including the Roberto DuránKen Buchanan affair, the first Muhammad AliJoe Frazier bout and the US debut of Anthony Joshua that ended in a huge upset when he was beaten by Andy Ruiz. Before promoters such as Don King and Bob Arum moved boxing to Las Vegas, Nevada, Madison Square Garden was considered the mecca of boxing. The original 18+12 ft × 18+12 ft (5.6 m × 5.6 m) ring, which was brought from the second and third generation of the Garden, was officially retired on September 19, 2007, and donated to the International Boxing Hall of Fame after 82 years of service.[45] A 20 ft × 20 ft (6.1 m × 6.1 m) ring replaced it beginning on October 6 of that same year.[46] The UFC has made Madison Square Garden in recent years and have put on some of the highest grossing PPV events in history.

Pro wrestling

Madison Square Garden has been considered the mecca for professional wrestling and the home of WWE (formerly WWF and WWWF).[47] The Garden has hosted three WrestleMania events, more than any other arena, including the first edition of the annual marquee event for WWE, as well as the 10th and 20th editions. It also hosted the Royal Rumble in 2000 and 2008; SummerSlam in 1988, 1991 and 1998; as well as Survivor Series in 1996, 2002 and 2011. Multiple episodes of WWE's weekly shows, RAW and SmackDown have been broadcast from the Arena as well.

New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and Ring of Honor hosted their G1 Supercard supershow at the venue on April 6, 2019, which sold out in 19 minutes after the tickets went on sale.[48] A year later it was announced that New Japan Pro-Wrestling would return to Madison Square Garden alone on August 22, 2020, for NJPW Wrestle Dynasty.[49] In May 2020, NJPW announced that the Wrestle Dynasty show would be postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[50][51]

Concerts

 
Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page performing at Madison Square Garden in 1973

Madison Square Garden hosts more high-profile concert events than any other venue in New York City. It has been the venue for Michael Jackson's Bad World Tour in 1988, George Harrison's The Concert for Bangladesh, The Concert for New York City following the September 11 attacks, John Lennon's final concert appearance (during an Elton John concert on Thanksgiving Night, 1974) before his murder in 1980, and Elvis Presley, who gave four sold-out performances in 1972, his first and last ever in New York City. Parliament-Funkadelic headlined numerous sold-out shows in 1977 and 1978. Kiss, who were formed in the arena's city and three of whose members were city-born, did six shows during their second half of the 1970s main attraction peak or "heyday": four winter shows at the arena in 1977 (February 18 and December 14–16), and another two shows only this time in summer for a decade-ender in 1979 (July 24–25). Billy Joel, another city-born and fellow 1970's pop star, played his first Garden show on December 14, 1978. Led Zeppelin's three-night stand in July 1973 was recorded and released as both a film and album titled The Song Remains The Same. The Police played their final show of their reunion tour at the Garden in 2008.

In the summer of 2017, Phish held a 13 night series of concerts called "The Bakers' Dozen." During which the band played 237 unique songs, repeating none during the entire run. The Garden commemorated "The Bakers' Dozen" by adding a Phish themed banner to the rafters.[52] With their first MSG show taking place on December 30, 1994, Phish has regularly played annual multi night runs, typically around New Year's Eve. As of 2022 Phish has performed 68 times at MSG. [53][54][55]

 
Eric Clapton (pictured at the Garden in 2015) has played 45 concerts at the venue since 1968.[56]

At one point, Elton John held the all-time record for the greatest number of appearances at the Garden with 64 shows. In a 2009 press release, John was quoted as saying "Madison Square Garden is my favorite venue in the whole world. I chose to have my 60th birthday concert there, because of all the incredible memories I've had playing the venue."[57] A DVD recording was released as Elton 60—Live at Madison Square Garden.[58]

Billy Joel, who holds the record for the greatest number of appearances at the Garden with 129 shows as of September 2022,[59] stated that "Madison Square Garden is the center of the universe as far as I'm concerned. It has the best acoustics, the best audiences, the best reputation, and the best history of great artists who have played there. It is the iconic, holy temple of rock and roll for most touring acts and, being a New Yorker, it holds a special significance to me."[57]

 
Lady Gaga performing at the Garden in 2011

The Grateful Dead performed in the venue 53 times from 1979 to 1994, with the first show being held on September 7, 1979, and the last being on October 19, 1994. Their longest run being done in September 1991.[60] Madonna performed at this venue a total of 31 concerts, the first two being during her 1985 Virgin Tour, on June 10 and 11, and the most recent being the two-nights stay during her Rebel Heart Tour on September 16 and 17, 2015. Bruce Springsteen has performed 47 concerts at this venue, many with the E Street Band, including a 10-night string of sold-out concerts out between June 12 and July 1, 2000, at the end of the E Street Reunion tour. Queen played their first concerts at the venue from 1977 to 1982. Bob Marley and the Wailers performed in the venue in 1978, 1979 and 1980 as part of Kaya Tour, Survival Tour and Uprising Tour respectively.

 
Katy Perry onstage at the venue in 2017

U2 performed at the arena 28 times: the first one was on April 1, 1985, during their Unforgettable Fire Tour, in front of a crowd of 19,000 people. The second and the third were on September 28 and 29, 1987, during their Joshua Tree Tour, in front of 39,510 people. The fourth was on March 20, 1992, during their Zoo TV Tour, in front of a crowd of 18,179 people. The fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth were on June 17 and 19 and October 24, 25 and 27, 2001, during their Elevation Tour, in front of 91,787 people. The 10th through 17th took place between May 21 and November 22, 2005, during their Vertigo Tour, in front of a total sold-out crowd of 149,004 people. The band performed eight performances at the arena in July 2015 as part of their Innocence + Experience Tour, and three performances in 2018 as part of their Experience + Innocence Tour.

The Who have headlined at the venue 32 times, including a four-night stand in 1974, a five-night stand in 1979, a six-night stand in 1996, and four-night stands in 2000 and 2002. They also performed at The Concert for New York City in 2001.[61]

On March 10, 2020, a 50th-anniversary celebration of The Allman Brothers Band entitled 'The Brothers' took place featuring the five surviving members of the final Allman Brothers lineup and Chuck Leavell. Dickey Betts was invited to participate but his health precluded him from traveling.[62] This was the final concert at the venue before the COVID-19 pandemic forced its closure. Live shows returned to The Garden when the Foo Fighters headlined a show there on June 20, 2021. The show was for a vaccinated audience only and was the first 100 percent capacity concert in a New York arena since the start of the pandemic.[63]

Other events

 
Madison Square Garden, as it appeared during "Mark Messier Night" on January 12, 2006

It hosted the 1976 Democratic National Convention,[64] 1980 Democratic National Convention,[64] 1992 Democratic National Convention,[65] and the 2004 Republican National Convention,[66] and hosted the NFL Draft for many years (later held at Garden-leased Radio City Music Hall, now shared between cities of NFL franchises).[67][68] The Jeopardy! Teen Tournament and several installments of Celebrity Jeopardy! were filmed at MSG in 1999,[69] as well as several episodes of Wheel of Fortune in 1999 and 2013.[70][71]

The New York Police Academy,[72] Baruch College/CUNY and Yeshiva University also hold their annual graduation ceremonies at Madison Square Garden. It hosted the Grammy Awards in 1972, 1997, 2003, and 2018 (which are normally held in Los Angeles) as well as the Latin Grammy Awards of 2006.

The group, and Best in Show competitions of the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show have been held at MSG every February from 1877 to 2020, which was MSG's longest continuous tenant although this was broken in 2021 as the Westminster Kennel Club announced that the event will be held outdoors for the first time due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[73][74]

Notable firsts and significant events

The Garden hosted the Stanley Cup Finals and NBA Finals simultaneously on two occasions: in 1972 and 1994.

The Knicks clinched the 1970 NBA Finals at the arena in the seventh game, remembered best for Willis Reed's unexpected appearance after an injury. The Rangers would later end their 54-year championship drought by winning the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals on home ice. Finally, the 1999 NBA Finals was decided in the Garden, with the San Antonio Spurs defeating the Knicks in five games.

MSG has hosted the following All-Star Games:

Recognition given by Madison Square Garden

Madison Square Garden Gold Ticket Award

In 1977, Madison Square Garden announced Gold Ticket Awards would be given to performers who had brought in more than 100,000 unit ticket sales to the venue. Since the arena's seating capacity is about 20,000, this would require a minimum of five sold-out shows. Performers who were eligible for the award at the time of its inauguration included Chicago, John Denver, Peter Frampton, the Rolling Stones, the Jackson 5, Elton John, Led Zeppelin, Sly Stone, Jethro Tull, The Who, and Yes.[75][76] Graeme Edge, who received his award in 1981 as a member of The Moody Blues, said he found his gold ticket to be an interesting piece of memorabilia because he could use it to attend any event at the Garden.[77] Many other performers have received a Gold Ticket Award since 1977.

Madison Square Garden Platinum Ticket Award

Madison Square Garden also gave Platinum Ticket Awards to performers who sold over 250,000 tickets to their shows throughout the years. Winners of the Platinum Ticket Awards include: the Rolling Stones (1981),[78] Elton John (1982),[79] Yes (1984),[80] Billy Joel (1984),[81] the Grateful Dead (1987),[82] and Madonna (2004).

Madison Square Garden Hall of Fame

The Madison Square Garden Hall of Fame honors those who have demonstrated excellence in their fields at the Garden. Most of the inductees have been sports figures, however, some performers have been inducted as well. Elton John was reported to be the first non-sports figure inducted into the MSG Hall of Fame in 1977 for "record attendance of 140,000" in June of that year.[83] For their accomplishment of "13 sell-out concerts" at the venue, the Rolling Stones were inducted into the MSG Hall of Fame in 1984, along with nine sports figures icons, bringing the hall's membership to 107.[84]

Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame

The walkway leading to the arena of Madison Square Garden was designated as the "Walk of Fame" in 1992.[85] It was established "to recognize athletes, artists, announcers and coaches for their extraordinary achievements and memorable performances at the venue."[86] Each inductee is commemorated with a plaque that lists the performance category in which his or her contributions have been made.[85] Twenty-five athletes were inducted into the MSG Walk of Fame at its inaugural ceremony in 1992, a black-tie dinner to raise money to fight multiple sclerosis.[87] Elton John was the first entertainer to be inducted into the MSG Walk of Fame in 1992.[88][89] Billy Joel was inducted at a date after Elton John,[90] and the Rolling Stones were inducted in 1998.[91] In 2015, the Grateful Dead were inducted into the MSG Walk of Fame along with at least three sports-related figures.[90][86]

Seating

Seating in Madison Square Garden was initially arranged in six ascending levels, each with its own color. The first level, which was available only for basketball games, boxing and concerts, and not for hockey games and ice shows, was known as the "Rotunda" ("ringside" for boxing and "courtside" for basketball), had beige seats, and bore section numbers of 29 and lower (the lowest number varying with the different venues, in some cases with the very lowest sections denoted by letters rather than numbers). Next above this was the "Orchestra" (red) seating, sections 31 through 97, followed by the 100-level "First Promenade" (orange) and 200-level "Second Promenade"(yellow), the 300-level (green) "First Balcony", and the 400-level (blue) "Second Balcony." The rainbow-colored seats were replaced with fuchsia and teal seats[92] during the 1990s renovation (in part because the blue seats had acquired an unsavory reputation, especially during games in which the New York Rangers hosted their cross-town rivals, the New York Islanders) which installed the 10th-floor sky-boxes around the entire arena and the 9th-floor sky-boxes on the 7th avenue end of the arena, taking out 400-level seating on the 7th Avenue end in the process.

 
Getting the arena ready for a basketball game in 2005

Because all of the seats, except the 400 level, were in one monolithic grandstand, horizontal distance from the arena floor was significant from the ends of the arena. Also, the rows rose much more gradually than other North American arenas, which caused impaired sightlines, especially when sitting behind tall spectators or one of the concourses. This arrangement, however, created an advantage over newer arenas in that seats had a significantly lower vertical distance from the arena floor.

As part of the 2011–2013 renovation, the club sections, 100-level and 200-level have been combined to make a new 100-level lower bowl. The 300-level and 400-level were combined and raised 17 feet (5.2 m) closer, forming a new 200-level upper bowl. All skyboxes but those on the 7th Avenue end were removed and replaced with balcony seating (8th Avenue) and Chase Bridge Seating (31st Street and 33rd Street). The sky-boxes on the 9th floor were remodeled and are now called the Signature Suites. The sky-boxes on the 7th Avenue end of the 10th Floor are now known as the Lounges. One small section of the 400-level remains near the west end of the arena and features blue seats. The media booths have been relocated to the 31st Street Chase Bridge.

Capacity

Hulu Theater

The Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden seats between 2,000 and 5,600 for concerts and can also be used for meetings, stage shows, and graduation ceremonies. It was the home of the NFL Draft until 2005, when it moved to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center after MSG management opposed a new stadium for the New York Jets. It also hosted the NBA Draft from 2001 to 2010. The theater also occasionally hosts boxing matches.

The fall 1999 Jeopardy! Teen Tournament as well as a Celebrity Jeopardy! competitions were held at the theater. Wheel of Fortune taped at the theater twice in 1999 and 2013. In 2004, it was the venue of the Survivor: All-Stars finale. No seat is more than 177 feet (54 m) from the 30' × 64' stage. The theatre has a relatively low 20-foot (6.1 m) ceiling at stage level[95] and all of its seating except for boxes on the two side walls is on one level slanted back from the stage. There is an 8,000-square-foot (740 m2) lobby at the theater.

Accessibility and transportation

 
The 7th Avenue entrance to Madison Square Garden and Penn Station in 2013

Madison Square Garden sits directly atop a major transportation hub in Pennsylvania Station, featuring access to commuter rail service from the Long Island Rail Road and New Jersey Transit, as well as Amtrak. The Garden is also accessible via the New York City Subway. The A, ​C, and ​E trains stop at 8th Avenue and the 1, ​2, and ​3 trains at 7th Avenue in Penn Station. The Garden can also be reached from nearby Herald Square with the B, ​D, ​F, <F>, ​M​, N, ​Q, ​R, and ​W trains at the 34th Street – Herald Square station as well as PATH train service from the 33rd Street station.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d DeLessio, Joe (October 24, 2013). "Here's What the Renovated Madison Square Garden Looks Like". New York Magazine. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  2. ^ Seeger, Murray (October 30, 1964). "Construction Begins on New Madison Sq. Garden; Grillage Put in Place a Year After Demolition at Penn Station Was Started". The New York Times. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  3. ^ "Fred Severud; Designed Madison Square Garden, Gateway Arch". Los Angeles Times. June 15, 1990. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
  4. ^ a b "New York Architecture Images- Madison Square Garden Center".
  5. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2017.
  6. ^ Esteban (October 27, 2011). . Total Pro Sports. Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  7. ^ Mendelsohn, Joyce. "Madison Square" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300055366., p. 711–712
  8. ^ a b c d e "Madison Square Garden/The Paramount".
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External links

  • Official website

madison, square, garden, this, article, about, current, york, arena, opened, since, 1968, other, uses, disambiguation, colloquially, known, garden, initials, multi, purpose, indoor, arena, york, city, located, midtown, manhattan, between, seventh, eighth, aven. This article is about the current New York arena opened since 1968 For other uses see Madison Square Garden disambiguation Madison Square Garden colloquially known as The Garden or by its initials MSG is a multi purpose indoor arena in New York City It is located in Midtown Manhattan between Seventh and Eighth avenues from 31st to 33rd Street above Pennsylvania Station It is the fourth venue to bear the name Madison Square Garden the first two 1879 and 1890 were located on Madison Square on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue with the third Madison Square Garden 1925 farther uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street Madison Square Garden MSG The Garden Madison Square Garden in 2019Madison Square GardenLocation in ManhattanShow map of ManhattanMadison Square GardenLocation in New York CityShow map of New York CityMadison Square GardenLocation in New York StateShow map of New YorkMadison Square GardenLocation in United StatesShow map of the United StatesAddress4 Pennsylvania PlazaLocationNew York City New York U S Coordinates40 45 2 N 73 59 37 W 40 75056 N 73 99361 W 40 75056 73 99361 Coordinates 40 45 2 N 73 59 37 W 40 75056 N 73 99361 W 40 75056 73 99361Public transitAmtrak Penn Station LIRR Penn Station NJ Transit Penn Station New York City Subway 34th Street Penn Station 7th Ave 34th Street Penn Station 8th Ave 34th Street Herald Square PATH 33rd Street New York City Bus M4 M7 M20 M34 SBS M34A SBS Q32 busesOwnerMadison Square Garden EntertainmentCapacityBasketball 19 812 1 Ice hockey 18 006 1 Pro wrestling 18 500Concerts 20 000Boxing 20 789Hulu Theater 5 600Field size820 000 sq ft 76 000 m2 ConstructionBroke groundOctober 29 1964 2 Opened1879 1890 1925 former locations February 11 1968 current location Renovated1989 1991 2011 2013Construction cost 123 millionRenovation 1991 200 millionTotal cost 1 19 billion in 2020ArchitectCharles Luckman AssociatesBrisbin Brook Beynon ArchitectsStructural engineerSeverud Associates 3 Services engineerSyska amp Hennessy Inc 4 General contractorTurner Del E Webb 4 TenantsNew York Rangers NHL 1968 present New York Knicks NBA 1968 present St John s Red Storm NCAA 1969 present New York Raiders Golden Blades WHA 1972 1973 New York Apples WTT 1977 1978 New York Stars WBL 1979 1980 New York Cosmos NASL 1983 1984 New York Knights AFL 1988 New York CityHawks AFL 1997 1998 New York Liberty WNBA 1997 2010 2014 2017 New York Titans NLL 2007 2009 Websitewww wbr msg wbr com wbr madison square gardenThe Garden is used for professional ice hockey and basketball as well as boxing mixed martial arts concerts ice shows circuses professional wrestling and other forms of sports and entertainment It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks including the Empire State Building Koreatown and Macy s at Herald Square It is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League NHL the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association NBA and was home to the New York Liberty WNBA from 1997 to 2017 Originally called Madison Square Garden Center the Garden opened on February 11 1968 and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area It is the oldest arena in the NBA and the second oldest arena in the NHL As of 2016 MSG is also the second busiest music arena in the world in terms of ticket sales 5 Including two major renovations its total construction cost was approximately 1 1 billion and it has been ranked as one of the 10 most expensive stadium venues ever built 6 It is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex named for the railway station Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name Contents 1 History 1 1 Previous Gardens 1 2 Current Garden 1 3 1991 renovation 1 4 2011 2013 renovation 1 4 1 Penn Station renovation controversy 2 Events 2 1 Regular events 2 1 1 Sports 2 1 2 Pro wrestling 2 1 3 Concerts 2 1 4 Other events 2 2 Notable firsts and significant events 3 Recognition given by Madison Square Garden 3 1 Madison Square Garden Gold Ticket Award 3 2 Madison Square Garden Platinum Ticket Award 3 3 Madison Square Garden Hall of Fame 3 4 Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame 4 Seating 4 1 Capacity 4 2 Hulu Theater 5 Accessibility and transportation 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Notes 7 2 Other sources 8 External linksHistory EditPrevious Gardens Edit Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan It was named after James Madison fourth President of the United States 7 Two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square the original Garden from 1879 to 1890 and the second Garden from 1890 to 1925 The first leased to P T Barnum 8 and was demolished in 1890 because of a leaky roof and dangerous balconies that had collapsed resulting in deaths The second was designed by noted architect Stanford White The new building was built by a syndicate which included J P Morgan Andrew Carnegie P T Barnum 9 Darius Mills James Stillman and W W Astor White gave them a Beaux Arts structure with a Moorish feel including a minaret like tower modeled after Giralda the bell tower of the Cathedral of Seville 9 soaring 32 stories the city s second tallest building at the time dominating Madison Square Park It was 200 feet 61 m by 485 feet 148 m and the main hall which was the largest in the world measured 200 feet 61 m by 350 feet 110 m with permanent seating for 8 000 people and floor space for thousands more It had a 1 200 seat theatre a concert hall with a capacity of 1 500 the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret 8 The building cost 3 million 8 Madison Square Garden II was unsuccessful like the first Garden 10 and the New York Life Insurance Company which held the mortgage on it decided to tear it down in 1925 to make way for a new headquarters building which would become the landmark Cass Gilbert designed New York Life Building A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets from 1925 to 1968 Groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9 1925 11 Designed by the noted theater architect Thomas W Lamb it was built at the cost of 4 75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard 8 the arena was dubbed The House That Tex Built 12 The arena was 200 feet 61 m by 375 feet 114 m with seating on three levels and a maximum capacity of 18 496 spectators for boxing 8 Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden 13 and was completed in early 1969 The site is now the location of One Worldwide Plaza Current Garden Edit In February 1959 former automobile manufacturer Graham Paige purchased a 40 interest in the Madison Square Garden for 4 million 14 and later gained control 15 In November 1960 Graham Paige president Irving Mitchell Felt purchased from the Pennsylvania Railroad the rights to build at Penn Station 16 To build the new facility the above ground portions of the original Pennsylvania Station were torn down 17 A basketball game at Madison Square Garden circa 1968 The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of an active railroad station It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E McKee of El Paso Texas Public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure an outstanding example of Beaux Arts architecture led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission The venue opened on February 11 1968 Comparing the new and the old Penn Station Yale architectural historian Vincent Scully wrote One entered the city like a god one scuttles in now like a rat 18 In 1972 Felt proposed moving the Knicks and Rangers to a then incomplete venue in the New Jersey Meadowlands the Meadowlands Sports Complex The Garden was also the home arena for the NY Raiders NY Golden Blades of the World Hockey Association The Meadowlands would eventually host its own NBA and NHL teams the New Jersey Nets and the New Jersey Devils respectively The New York Giants and Jets of the National Football League NFL also relocated there In 1977 the arena was sold to Gulf and Western Industries Felt s efforts fueled controversy between the Garden and New York City over real estate taxes The disagreement again flared in 1980 when the Garden again challenged its tax bill The arena since the 1980s has since enjoyed tax free status under the condition that all Knicks and Rangers home games must be hosted at MSG lest it lose this exemption As such when the Rangers have played neutral site games even those in New York City such as the 2018 NHL Winter Classic they have always been designated as the visiting team 19 In 1984 the four streets immediately surrounding the Garden were designated as Joe Louis Plaza in honor of boxer Joe Louis who had made eight successful title defenses in the previous Madison Square Garden 20 21 1991 renovation Edit In April 1986 Gulf and Western announced that they would build a new Madison Square Garden a few blocks away on the site of present day Hudson Yards The plan would cost an estimated 150 million and included the demolition of the 1964 building to replace it with a new office tower development 22 After years of planning Gulf and Western decided against building a new arena in favor of a renovation after estimated costs doubled throughout the process 23 24 Madison Square Garden pictured after the 1991 renovation Garden owners spent 200 million in 1991 to renovate facilities and add 89 suites in place of hundreds of upper tier seats The project was designed by Ellerbe Becket The renovation was criticized for perceived corporatization Additionally the renovation made bathrooms larger expanded menus added a new ventilation system replaced all of the seats with new cushioned teal and violet seats and refurbished both home teams locker rooms 25 In 2000 current MSG owner James Dolan was quoted as saying that a new arena was being considered as the current building was starting to show its age 26 In 2004 2005 Cablevision battled with the City of New York over the proposed West Side Stadium which was cancelled Cablevision then announced plans to raze the Garden replace it with high rise commercial buildings and build a new Garden one block away at the site of the James Farley Post Office Meanwhile a new project to renovate and modernize the Garden completed phase one in time for the Rangers and Knicks 2011 12 seasons 27 though the vice president of the Garden says he remains committed to the installation of an extension of Penn Station at the Farley Post Office site While the Knicks and Rangers were not displaced the New York Liberty played at the Prudential Center in Newark New Jersey during the renovation Madison Square Garden is the last of the NBA and NHL arenas not to be named after a corporate sponsor 28 2011 2013 renovation Edit Madison Square Garden s 1 billion second renovation took place mainly over three offseasons It was set to begin after the 2009 10 hockey basketball seasons but was delayed until after the 2010 11 seasons Renovation was done in phases with the majority of the work done in the summer months to minimize disruptions to the NHL and NBA seasons While the Rangers and Knicks were not displaced 29 30 the Liberty played their home games through the 2013 season at Prudential Center in Newark New Jersey during the renovation 31 32 New features include a larger entrance with interactive kiosks retail climate controlled space and broadcast studio larger concourses new lighting and LED video systems with HDTV new seating two new pedestrian walkways suspended from the ceiling to allow fans to look directly down onto the games being played below more dining options and improved dressing rooms locker rooms green rooms upgraded roof and production offices The lower bowl concourse called the Madison Concourse remains on the sixth floor The upper bowl concourse was relocated to the eighth floor and it is known as the Garden Concourse The seventh floor houses the new Madison Suites and the Madison Club The upper bowl was built on top of these suites The rebuilt concourses are wider than their predecessors and include large windows that offer views of the city streets around the Garden 33 A picture of the hockey playing surface before the retirement ceremony of Henrik Lundqvist Construction of the lower bowl Phase 1 was completed for the 2011 12 NHL season and the 2011 12 NBA lockout shortened season An extended off season for the Garden permitted some advanced work to begin on the new upper bowl which was completed in time for the 2012 13 NBA season and the 2012 13 NHL lockout shortened NHL season This advance work included the West Balcony on the tenth floor taking the place of sky boxes and new end ice 300 level seating The construction of the upper bowl along with the Madison Suites and the Madison Club Phase 2 were completed for the 2012 13 NHL and NBA seasons The construction of the new lobby known as Chase Square along with the Chase Bridges and the new scoreboard Phase 3 were completed for the 2013 14 NHL and NBA seasons Penn Station renovation controversy Edit Madison Square Garden is seen as an obstacle in the renovation and future expansion of Penn Station 34 which expanded in 2021 with the opening of Moynihan Train Hall at the James Farley Post Office 35 and some have proposed moving MSG to other sites in western Manhattan On February 15 2013 Manhattan Community Board 5 voted 36 0 against granting a renewal to MSG s operating permit in perpetuity and proposed a 10 year limit instead in order to build a new Penn Station where the arena is currently standing Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer said Moving the arena is an important first step to improving Penn Station The Madison Square Garden Company responded by saying that i t is incongruous to think that M S G would be considering moving 36 In May 2013 four architecture firms SHoP Architects SOM H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture and Diller Scofidio Renfro submitted proposals for a new Penn Station SHoP Architects recommended moving Madison Square Garden to the Morgan Postal Facility a few blocks southwest as well as removing 2 Penn Plaza and redeveloping other towers and an extension of the High Line to Penn Station 34 Meanwhile SOM proposed moving Madison Square Garden to the area just south of the James Farley Post Office and redeveloping the area above Penn Station as a mixed use development with commercial residential and recreational space 34 H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture wanted to move the arena to a new pier west of Jacob K Javits Convention Center four blocks west of the current station and arena Then according to H3 s plan four skyscrapers would be built one at each of the four corners of the new Penn Station superblock with a roof garden on top of the station the Farley Post Office would become an education center 34 Finally Diller Scofidio Renfro proposed a mixed use development on the site with spas theaters a cascading park a pool and restaurants Madison Square Garden would be moved two blocks west next to the post office DS F also proposed high tech features in the station such as train arrival and departure boards on the floor and apps that would inform waiting passengers of ways to occupy their time until they board their trains 34 Madison Square Garden rejected the notion that it would be relocated and called the plans pie in the sky 34 The New York Rangers and St Louis Blues play hockey beneath the renovated Garden s new HD scoreboard in January 2014 In June 2013 the New York City Council Committee on Land Use voted unanimously to give the Garden a ten year permit at the end of which period the owners will either have to relocate or go back through the permission process 37 On July 24 the City Council voted to give the Garden a 10 year operating permit by a vote of 47 1 This is the first step in finding a new home for Madison Square Garden and building a new Penn Station that is as great as New York and suitable for the 21st century said City Council speaker Christine Quinn This is an opportunity to reimagine and redevelop Penn Station as a world class transportation destination 38 In October 2014 the Morgan facility was selected as the ideal area for Madison Square Garden to be moved following the 2014 MAS Summit in New York City More plans for the station were discussed 39 40 Then in January 2016 New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced a redevelopment plan for Penn Station that would involve the removal of The Theater at Madison Square Garden but would otherwise leave the arena intact 41 42 Events EditMain article List of events at Madison Square Garden See also List of entertainment events at Madison Square Garden Regular events Edit Sports Edit Madison Square Garden hosts approximately 320 events a year It is the home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League and the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association Before 2020 the New York Rangers New York Knicks and the Madison Square Garden arena itself were all owned by the Madison Square Garden Company The MSG Company split into two entities in 2020 with the Garden arena and other non sports assets spun off into Madison Square Garden Entertainment and the Rangers and Knicks remaining with the original company renamed Madison Square Garden Sports Both entities remain under the voting control of James Dolan and his family The arena is also host to the Big East men s basketball tournament and was home to the finals of the National Invitation Tournament from the beginning of its existence up until 2022 43 It also hosts select home games for the St John s Red Storm representing St John s University in men s college basketball and almost any other kind of indoor activity that draws large audiences such as the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show and the 2004 Republican National Convention The Garden was home of the NBA Draft and NIT Season Tip Off as well as the former New York City home of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus and Disney on Ice all four events are now held at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn It served the New York Cosmos for half of their home games during the 1983 84 NASL Indoor season 44 Many of boxing s biggest fights were held at Madison Square Garden including the Roberto Duran Ken Buchanan affair the first Muhammad Ali Joe Frazier bout and the US debut of Anthony Joshua that ended in a huge upset when he was beaten by Andy Ruiz Before promoters such as Don King and Bob Arum moved boxing to Las Vegas Nevada Madison Square Garden was considered the mecca of boxing The original 18 1 2 ft 18 1 2 ft 5 6 m 5 6 m ring which was brought from the second and third generation of the Garden was officially retired on September 19 2007 and donated to the International Boxing Hall of Fame after 82 years of service 45 A 20 ft 20 ft 6 1 m 6 1 m ring replaced it beginning on October 6 of that same year 46 The UFC has made Madison Square Garden in recent years and have put on some of the highest grossing PPV events in history Pro wrestling Edit Madison Square Garden has been considered the mecca for professional wrestling and the home of WWE formerly WWF and WWWF 47 The Garden has hosted three WrestleMania events more than any other arena including the first edition of the annual marquee event for WWE as well as the 10th and 20th editions It also hosted the Royal Rumble in 2000 and 2008 SummerSlam in 1988 1991 and 1998 as well as Survivor Series in 1996 2002 and 2011 Multiple episodes of WWE s weekly shows RAW and SmackDown have been broadcast from the Arena as well New Japan Pro Wrestling NJPW and Ring of Honor hosted their G1 Supercard supershow at the venue on April 6 2019 which sold out in 19 minutes after the tickets went on sale 48 A year later it was announced that New Japan Pro Wrestling would return to Madison Square Garden alone on August 22 2020 for NJPW Wrestle Dynasty 49 In May 2020 NJPW announced that the Wrestle Dynasty show would be postponed to 2021 due to the COVID 19 pandemic 50 51 Concerts Edit Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page performing at Madison Square Garden in 1973 Madison Square Garden hosts more high profile concert events than any other venue in New York City It has been the venue for Michael Jackson s Bad World Tour in 1988 George Harrison s The Concert for Bangladesh The Concert for New York City following the September 11 attacks John Lennon s final concert appearance during an Elton John concert on Thanksgiving Night 1974 before his murder in 1980 and Elvis Presley who gave four sold out performances in 1972 his first and last ever in New York City Parliament Funkadelic headlined numerous sold out shows in 1977 and 1978 Kiss who were formed in the arena s city and three of whose members were city born did six shows during their second half of the 1970s main attraction peak or heyday four winter shows at the arena in 1977 February 18 and December 14 16 and another two shows only this time in summer for a decade ender in 1979 July 24 25 Billy Joel another city born and fellow 1970 s pop star played his first Garden show on December 14 1978 Led Zeppelin s three night stand in July 1973 was recorded and released as both a film and album titled The Song Remains The Same The Police played their final show of their reunion tour at the Garden in 2008 In the summer of 2017 Phish held a 13 night series of concerts called The Bakers Dozen During which the band played 237 unique songs repeating none during the entire run The Garden commemorated The Bakers Dozen by adding a Phish themed banner to the rafters 52 With their first MSG show taking place on December 30 1994 Phish has regularly played annual multi night runs typically around New Year s Eve As of 2022 Phish has performed 68 times at MSG 53 54 55 Eric Clapton pictured at the Garden in 2015 has played 45 concerts at the venue since 1968 56 At one point Elton John held the all time record for the greatest number of appearances at the Garden with 64 shows In a 2009 press release John was quoted as saying Madison Square Garden is my favorite venue in the whole world I chose to have my 60th birthday concert there because of all the incredible memories I ve had playing the venue 57 A DVD recording was released as Elton 60 Live at Madison Square Garden 58 Billy Joel who holds the record for the greatest number of appearances at the Garden with 129 shows as of September 2022 59 stated that Madison Square Garden is the center of the universe as far as I m concerned It has the best acoustics the best audiences the best reputation and the best history of great artists who have played there It is the iconic holy temple of rock and roll for most touring acts and being a New Yorker it holds a special significance to me 57 Lady Gaga performing at the Garden in 2011 The Grateful Dead performed in the venue 53 times from 1979 to 1994 with the first show being held on September 7 1979 and the last being on October 19 1994 Their longest run being done in September 1991 60 Madonna performed at this venue a total of 31 concerts the first two being during her 1985 Virgin Tour on June 10 and 11 and the most recent being the two nights stay during her Rebel Heart Tour on September 16 and 17 2015 Bruce Springsteen has performed 47 concerts at this venue many with the E Street Band including a 10 night string of sold out concerts out between June 12 and July 1 2000 at the end of the E Street Reunion tour Queen played their first concerts at the venue from 1977 to 1982 Bob Marley and the Wailers performed in the venue in 1978 1979 and 1980 as part of Kaya Tour Survival Tour and Uprising Tour respectively Katy Perry onstage at the venue in 2017 U2 performed at the arena 28 times the first one was on April 1 1985 during their Unforgettable Fire Tour in front of a crowd of 19 000 people The second and the third were on September 28 and 29 1987 during their Joshua Tree Tour in front of 39 510 people The fourth was on March 20 1992 during their Zoo TV Tour in front of a crowd of 18 179 people The fifth sixth seventh eighth and ninth were on June 17 and 19 and October 24 25 and 27 2001 during their Elevation Tour in front of 91 787 people The 10th through 17th took place between May 21 and November 22 2005 during their Vertigo Tour in front of a total sold out crowd of 149 004 people The band performed eight performances at the arena in July 2015 as part of their Innocence Experience Tour and three performances in 2018 as part of their Experience Innocence Tour The Who have headlined at the venue 32 times including a four night stand in 1974 a five night stand in 1979 a six night stand in 1996 and four night stands in 2000 and 2002 They also performed at The Concert for New York City in 2001 61 On March 10 2020 a 50th anniversary celebration of The Allman Brothers Band entitled The Brothers took place featuring the five surviving members of the final Allman Brothers lineup and Chuck Leavell Dickey Betts was invited to participate but his health precluded him from traveling 62 This was the final concert at the venue before the COVID 19 pandemic forced its closure Live shows returned to The Garden when the Foo Fighters headlined a show there on June 20 2021 The show was for a vaccinated audience only and was the first 100 percent capacity concert in a New York arena since the start of the pandemic 63 Other events Edit Madison Square Garden as it appeared during Mark Messier Night on January 12 2006 It hosted the 1976 Democratic National Convention 64 1980 Democratic National Convention 64 1992 Democratic National Convention 65 and the 2004 Republican National Convention 66 and hosted the NFL Draft for many years later held at Garden leased Radio City Music Hall now shared between cities of NFL franchises 67 68 The Jeopardy Teen Tournament and several installments of Celebrity Jeopardy were filmed at MSG in 1999 69 as well as several episodes of Wheel of Fortune in 1999 and 2013 70 71 The New York Police Academy 72 Baruch College CUNY and Yeshiva University also hold their annual graduation ceremonies at Madison Square Garden It hosted the Grammy Awards in 1972 1997 2003 and 2018 which are normally held in Los Angeles as well as the Latin Grammy Awards of 2006 The group and Best in Show competitions of the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show have been held at MSG every February from 1877 to 2020 which was MSG s longest continuous tenant although this was broken in 2021 as the Westminster Kennel Club announced that the event will be held outdoors for the first time due to the COVID 19 pandemic 73 74 Notable firsts and significant events Edit The Garden hosted the Stanley Cup Finals and NBA Finals simultaneously on two occasions in 1972 and 1994 The Knicks clinched the 1970 NBA Finals at the arena in the seventh game remembered best for Willis Reed s unexpected appearance after an injury The Rangers would later end their 54 year championship drought by winning the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals on home ice Finally the 1999 NBA Finals was decided in the Garden with the San Antonio Spurs defeating the Knicks in five games MSG has hosted the following All Star Games NHL All Star Game 1973 1994 NBA All Star Game 1998 2015 WNBA All Star Game 1999 2003 2006 All American Karate Championships held in 1968 amp 1969 won by Chuck Norris 1970 was won by Mitchell Bobrow UFC held its first event in New York City UFC 205 Alvarez vs McGregor at Madison Square Garden on November 12 2016 This was the first event the organization held after New York State lifted the ban on mixed martial arts Recognition given by Madison Square Garden EditMadison Square Garden Gold Ticket Award Edit Main article Madison Square Garden Gold Ticket Award In 1977 Madison Square Garden announced Gold Ticket Awards would be given to performers who had brought in more than 100 000 unit ticket sales to the venue Since the arena s seating capacity is about 20 000 this would require a minimum of five sold out shows Performers who were eligible for the award at the time of its inauguration included Chicago John Denver Peter Frampton the Rolling Stones the Jackson 5 Elton John Led Zeppelin Sly Stone Jethro Tull The Who and Yes 75 76 Graeme Edge who received his award in 1981 as a member of The Moody Blues said he found his gold ticket to be an interesting piece of memorabilia because he could use it to attend any event at the Garden 77 Many other performers have received a Gold Ticket Award since 1977 Madison Square Garden Platinum Ticket Award Edit Madison Square Garden also gave Platinum Ticket Awards to performers who sold over 250 000 tickets to their shows throughout the years Winners of the Platinum Ticket Awards include the Rolling Stones 1981 78 Elton John 1982 79 Yes 1984 80 Billy Joel 1984 81 the Grateful Dead 1987 82 and Madonna 2004 Madison Square Garden Hall of Fame Edit The Madison Square Garden Hall of Fame honors those who have demonstrated excellence in their fields at the Garden Most of the inductees have been sports figures however some performers have been inducted as well Elton John was reported to be the first non sports figure inducted into the MSG Hall of Fame in 1977 for record attendance of 140 000 in June of that year 83 For their accomplishment of 13 sell out concerts at the venue the Rolling Stones were inducted into the MSG Hall of Fame in 1984 along with nine sports figures icons bringing the hall s membership to 107 84 Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame Edit Main article List of Madison Square Garden Walk of Fame Inductees The walkway leading to the arena of Madison Square Garden was designated as the Walk of Fame in 1992 85 It was established to recognize athletes artists announcers and coaches for their extraordinary achievements and memorable performances at the venue 86 Each inductee is commemorated with a plaque that lists the performance category in which his or her contributions have been made 85 Twenty five athletes were inducted into the MSG Walk of Fame at its inaugural ceremony in 1992 a black tie dinner to raise money to fight multiple sclerosis 87 Elton John was the first entertainer to be inducted into the MSG Walk of Fame in 1992 88 89 Billy Joel was inducted at a date after Elton John 90 and the Rolling Stones were inducted in 1998 91 In 2015 the Grateful Dead were inducted into the MSG Walk of Fame along with at least three sports related figures 90 86 Seating EditSeating in Madison Square Garden was initially arranged in six ascending levels each with its own color The first level which was available only for basketball games boxing and concerts and not for hockey games and ice shows was known as the Rotunda ringside for boxing and courtside for basketball had beige seats and bore section numbers of 29 and lower the lowest number varying with the different venues in some cases with the very lowest sections denoted by letters rather than numbers Next above this was the Orchestra red seating sections 31 through 97 followed by the 100 level First Promenade orange and 200 level Second Promenade yellow the 300 level green First Balcony and the 400 level blue Second Balcony The rainbow colored seats were replaced with fuchsia and teal seats 92 during the 1990s renovation in part because the blue seats had acquired an unsavory reputation especially during games in which the New York Rangers hosted their cross town rivals the New York Islanders which installed the 10th floor sky boxes around the entire arena and the 9th floor sky boxes on the 7th avenue end of the arena taking out 400 level seating on the 7th Avenue end in the process Getting the arena ready for a basketball game in 2005 Because all of the seats except the 400 level were in one monolithic grandstand horizontal distance from the arena floor was significant from the ends of the arena Also the rows rose much more gradually than other North American arenas which caused impaired sightlines especially when sitting behind tall spectators or one of the concourses This arrangement however created an advantage over newer arenas in that seats had a significantly lower vertical distance from the arena floor As part of the 2011 2013 renovation the club sections 100 level and 200 level have been combined to make a new 100 level lower bowl The 300 level and 400 level were combined and raised 17 feet 5 2 m closer forming a new 200 level upper bowl All skyboxes but those on the 7th Avenue end were removed and replaced with balcony seating 8th Avenue and Chase Bridge Seating 31st Street and 33rd Street The sky boxes on the 9th floor were remodeled and are now called the Signature Suites The sky boxes on the 7th Avenue end of the 10th Floor are now known as the Lounges One small section of the 400 level remains near the west end of the arena and features blue seats The media booths have been relocated to the 31st Street Chase Bridge Capacity Edit Basketball 93 Years Capacity1968 1971 19 5001971 1972 19 5881972 1978 19 6931978 1989 19 5911989 1990 18 3001990 1991 19 0811991 2012 19 7632012 2013 19 0332013 present 19 812 1 Ice hockey 94 Years Capacity1968 1972 17 2501972 1990 17 5001990 1991 16 7921991 2012 18 2002012 2013 17 2002013 present 18 006 1 Hulu Theater Edit Main article Hulu Theater The Hulu Theater at Madison Square Garden seats between 2 000 and 5 600 for concerts and can also be used for meetings stage shows and graduation ceremonies It was the home of the NFL Draft until 2005 when it moved to the Jacob K Javits Convention Center after MSG management opposed a new stadium for the New York Jets It also hosted the NBA Draft from 2001 to 2010 The theater also occasionally hosts boxing matches The fall 1999 Jeopardy Teen Tournament as well as a Celebrity Jeopardy competitions were held at the theater Wheel of Fortune taped at the theater twice in 1999 and 2013 In 2004 it was the venue of the Survivor All Stars finale No seat is more than 177 feet 54 m from the 30 64 stage The theatre has a relatively low 20 foot 6 1 m ceiling at stage level 95 and all of its seating except for boxes on the two side walls is on one level slanted back from the stage There is an 8 000 square foot 740 m2 lobby at the theater Accessibility and transportation Edit The 7th Avenue entrance to Madison Square Garden and Penn Station in 2013 Madison Square Garden sits directly atop a major transportation hub in Pennsylvania Station featuring access to commuter rail service from the Long Island Rail Road and New Jersey Transit as well as Amtrak The Garden is also accessible via the New York City Subway The A C and E trains stop at 8th Avenue and the 1 2 and 3 trains at 7th Avenue in Penn Station The Garden can also be reached from nearby Herald Square with the B D F lt F gt M N Q R and W trains at the 34th Street Herald Square station as well as PATH train service from the 33rd Street station See also EditMadison Square Garden Bowl a former outdoor boxing venue in Queens operated by the Garden company List of NCAA Division I basketball arenasReferences EditNotes Edit a b c d DeLessio Joe October 24 2013 Here s What the Renovated Madison Square Garden Looks Like New York Magazine Retrieved October 24 2013 Seeger Murray October 30 1964 Construction Begins on New Madison Sq Garden Grillage Put in Place a Year After Demolition at Penn Station Was Started The New York Times Retrieved May 15 2012 Fred Severud Designed Madison Square Garden Gateway Arch Los Angeles Times June 15 1990 Retrieved March 6 2012 a b New York Architecture Images Madison Square Garden Center Pollstar Pro s busiest arena pdf PDF Archived from the original PDF on March 3 2017 Esteban October 27 2011 11 Most Expensive Stadiums in the World Total Pro Sports Archived from the original on August 27 2012 Retrieved September 12 2012 Mendelsohn Joyce Madison Square in Jackson Kenneth T ed 1995 The Encyclopedia of New York City New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 0300055366 p 711 712 a b c d e Madison Square Garden The Paramount a b Federal Writers Project 1939 New York City Guide New York Random House ISBN 978 1 60354 055 1 Reprinted by Scholarly Press 1976 often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City pp 330 333 Burrows Edwin G and Wallace Mike Gotham A History of New York to 1989 New York Oxford University Press 1999 ISBN 0 19 511634 8 Madison Square Garden III Archived July 19 2017 at the Wayback Machine on Ballparks com Schumach Murray February 14 1948 Next and Last Attraction at Old Madison Square Garden to Be Wreckers Ball Archived May 11 2022 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times Eisenband Jeffrey Remembering The 1948 Madison Square Garden All Star Game With Marv Albert ThePostGame Retrieved July 5 2015 Investors Get Madison Sq Garden Variety February 4 1959 p 20 Retrieved July 5 2019 via Archive org New York Times Irving M Felt 84 Sports Impresario Is Dead By AGIS SALPUKAS Archived October 4 2018 at the Wayback Machine September 24 1994 Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Fall and Rise of Pennsylvania Station Changing Attitudes Toward Historic Preservation in New York City by Eric J Plosky Archived January 6 2015 at the Wayback Machine 1999 Tolchin Martin October 29 1963 Demolition Starts At Penn Station Architects Picket Penn Station Demolition Begun 6 Architects Call Act a Shame The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on May 23 2018 Retrieved May 22 2018 Muschamp Herbert June 20 1993 Architecture View In This Dream Station Future and Past Collide The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 6 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 Rangers on Road in the Bronx Money May Be Why New York Times January 25 2014 Retrieved January 3 2017 John Eligon February 22 2008 Joe Louis and Harlem Connecting Again in a Police Athletic League Gym The New York Times Retrieved September 26 2015 Feirstein Sanna 2001 Naming New York Manhattan Places amp how They Got Their Names New York University Press p 110 ISBN 9780814727126 Retrieved September 26 2015 Phifer Thomas 1989 Madison Square Garden Site Redevelopment Oz Vol 11 https doi org 10 4148 2378 5853 1181 McFadden Robert D January 24 1989 New Project Will Renovate The Garden The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 13 2022 Gulf amp Western has scrapped plans to demolish Madison UPI Retrieved October 13 2022 Williams Lena July 29 1991 Big Madison Sq Garden Facelift Tasteful With Teal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved October 13 2022 ESPN com GEN New Garden in New York considered www espn com Retrieved October 13 2022 Staple Arthur April 3 2008 MSG Executives Unveil Plan for Renovation Newsday Retrieved April 3 2008 David Mayo April 9 2017 With two arena closings in two days Detroit stands unique in U S history MLive Retrieved April 21 2017 the Rangers started the 2011 12 NHL season with seven games on the road before playing their first hom game on October 27 Rosen Dan September 26 2010 Rangers Embrace Daunting Season Opening Trip National Hockey League Retrieved October 3 2011 The Knicks played the entire 2012 NBA preseason on the road Swerling Jared August 2012 Knicks preseason schedule announced ESPN Retrieved October 25 2012 Madison Square Garden Official Web Site Archived from the original on December 1 2010 Bultman Matthew McShane Larry November 26 2010 Madison Square Garden to Add Pedestrian Walkways in Rafters as Part of 775 Million Makeover New York Daily News Archived from the original on November 30 2010 Retrieved July 3 2011 Scott Cacciola June 17 2010 Cultivating a New Garden Wall Street Journal Retrieved July 23 2016 a b c d e f Hana R Alberts May 29 2013 Four Plans for a New Penn Station Without MSG Revealed Curbed Retrieved October 26 2014 Moynihan Train Hall Finally Opens in Manhattan NBC New York December 31 2020 Retrieved January 1 2021 Dunlap David April 9 2013 Madison Square Garden Says It Will Not Be Uprooted From Penn Station The New York Times Retrieved April 10 2013 Randolph Eleanor June 27 2013 Bit by Bit Evicting Madison Square Garden The New York Times Retrieved July 8 2013 Bagli Charles July 24 2013 Madison Square Garden Is Told to Move The New York Times Retrieved July 25 2013 Hana R Alberts October 23 2014 Moving the Garden Would Pave the Way for a New Penn Station Curbed Retrieved October 26 2014 MSG amp the Future of West Midtown Scribd Higgs Larry January 6 2016 Gov Cuomo unveils grand plan to rebuild N Y Penn Station The Star Ledger Retrieved January 6 2016 6th Proposal of Governor Cuomo s 2016 Agenda Transform Penn Station and Farley Post Office Building Into a World Class Transportation Hub Governor Andrew M Cuomo Archived from the original on June 12 2018 Retrieved January 7 2016 Hladik Matt March 23 2022 Report A Major Change Is Coming To The NIT The Spun Retrieved March 23 2022 Yannis Pat March 8 1984 Hartford Shift Seen For Indoor Cosmos The New York Times Retrieved December 22 2016 via newyorktimes com Baker Mark A 2019 Between the Ropes at Madison Square Garden The History of an Iconic Boxing Ring 1925 2007 ISBN 978 1476671833 Fine Larry September 19 2007 Madison Square Garden ring out for count after 82 years Reuters Sullivan Kevin July 12 2014 Madison Square Garden really is the mecca of wrestling arenas yesnetwork com Archived from the original on December 15 2018 Retrieved December 15 2018 History has Been Made ROH amp New Japan Sell Out Madison Square Garden PWInsider com www pwinsider com NJPW Returns to MSG for Wrestle Dynasty August 22 NJoA New Japan Pro Wrestling Archived from the original on February 10 2020 Retrieved February 9 2020 NJPW Postpones Wrestle Dynasty At Madison Square Garden Wrestling Inc May 6 2020 New Japan Pro Wrestling is not coming to the United States this year Sports Illustrated www si com Jarnow Jesse August 7 2017 Phish s Baker s Dozen Residency Breaking Down All 13 Blissful Nights Digiday Archived from the original on August 8 2017 Retrieved August 9 2017 Madison Square Garden Phish net Phish to Hit 60 Madison Square Garden Shows With New Year s Eve Run Billboard September 21 2018 Retrieved January 1 2019 Bernstein Scott Phish Announces New Year s Run 2019 Jambase com Archived from the original on December 6 2019 Retrieved December 5 2019 Eric Clapton to Celebrate 70th Birthday With Two Shows at Madison Square Garden Billboard April 23 2016 Archived from the original on May 13 2016 Retrieved April 23 2016 a b Madison Square Garden and Radio City Music Hall Named Venue of the Decade in Their Respective Categories by Billboard Magazine Press release New York Business Wire MSG Entertainment December 21 2009 Retrieved April 28 2017 NME article on 60th birthday concert at Madison Square Gardens NME UK March 25 2007 Retrieved February 25 2009 Billy Joel Adds Madison Square Garden Show September 9 2022 billyjoel com March 17 2022 Retrieved September 24 2022 1 Archived June 28 2018 at the Wayback Machine dead net the official site of the grateful dead The Who Concert Guide Madison Square Garden Retrieved January 11 2019 Browne David March 19 2020 Derek Trucks on Playing Live Before and After the Coronavirus Shutdown Rolling Stone Retrieved April 30 2020 Foo Fighters To Perform At Madison Square Garden s First Full Capacity Concert NPR org June 20 2021 Retrieved July 21 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Barrow Bill August 5 2020 Biden Won t Travel to Milwaukee to Accept Party s Nomination for President Source Says The Buffalo News Archived from the original on August 7 2020 Retrieved August 6 2020 LOEVY TOM CRONIN and BOB Do national conventions even matter anymore Colorado Springs Gazette Retrieved August 6 2020 Chung Jen August 30 2019 15 Years Ago Protesters Took Over NYC During 2004 Republican National Convention Gothamist Archived from the original on September 14 2019 Retrieved August 6 2020 Levy Dan NFL Draft Is Moving in Wrong Direction Bleacher Report Retrieved August 6 2020 Future NFL Draft locations Host cities for 2020 NFL Draft and beyond www sportingnews com Retrieved August 6 2020 Kaplan Don October 11 1999 JEOPARDY HITS NYC GAME SHOW CHALLENGES MILLIONAIRE ON ITS OWN TURF New York Post Retrieved August 6 2020 Weinstein Farrah September 26 1999 STYLE amp SUBSTANCE V NN WH T New York Post Retrieved August 6 2020 WHEEL OF FORTUNE to Tape at Madison Square Garden 3 15 19 Shows Air May 2013 BroadwayWorld com Retrieved August 6 2020 Formoso Jessica October 10 2019 NYPD welcomes new class of graduates FOX 5 NY Retrieved August 6 2020 Siba the Standard Poodle Wins the 2020 Westminster Dog Show With a Regal Attitude Time Retrieved August 6 2020 Croke Karen Westminster Kennel Club moves its annual dog show to Tarrytown in 2021 The Journal News Retrieved November 22 2020 WNEW Gets Madison Square Garden Award PDF Cash Box Vol XXXIX no 25 George Albert November 5 1977 p 16 Retrieved March 30 2019 via americanradiohistory com Box Office Gold Ticket Billboard Vol 89 no 43 Lee Zhito October 29 1977 p 42 Retrieved March 30 2019 via Google books Graeme Edge Interview with Glide Magazine The Moody Blues February 10 2014 Retrieved March 30 2019 Rolling Stones inducted into Hall The Central New Jersey Home News New Brunswick New Jersey USA June 14 1984 p 14 On the Go section Retrieved April 6 2019 via Newspapers com Elton gets award Tampa Bay Times St Petersburg Florida USA August 7 1982 p 6A Retrieved April 6 2019 via Newspapers com Yes that s quite a feat Daily News New York New York USA May 16 1984 p 83 Retrieved April 6 2019 via Newspapers com Hot Ticket The Desert Sun Palm Springs California USA July 7 1984 p D12 Retrieved April 6 2019 via Newspapers com Jaeger Barbara October 1 1987 Records Etc The Grateful Dead The Record Hackensack New Jersey USA p E 10 Retrieved April 5 2019 via Newspapers com Elton in Manhattan PDF Billboard Vol 89 no 43 Lee Zhito October 29 1977 p 3 Retrieved April 2 2019 via AmericanRadioHistory com Thomas Robert MCG Jr May 7 1984 Sports World Specials The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved April 2 2019 a b Madison Square Garden Guide CBS New York October 19 2010 Retrieved May 23 2019 a b Bernstein Scott May 11 2015 Grateful Dead Inducted into MSG Walk of Fame JamBase Retrieved April 16 2019 Madison Square Garden Gets Walk of Fame The Seattle Times Seattle Washington USA Associated Press September 12 1992 Retrieved April 16 2019 This Day in History October 9 Also on this date in 1992 Cape Breton Post Sydney Nova Scotia Canada October 9 2010 Retrieved April 16 2019 via PressReader Gregory Andy ed 2002 International Who s Who in Popular Music 2002 London England Europa Publications p 260 See entry John Elton Sir ISBN 9781857431612 a b Biese Alex May 15 2015 Long strange trip to NYC The Courier News Bridgewater New Jersey USA p 2 Kicks section Retrieved April 16 2019 via Newspapers com Artists amp Music Walk This Way PDF Billboard Howard Lander February 14 1998 p 12 Retrieved April 16 2019 via AmericanRadioHistory Olshan Jeremy May 12 2011 Seats up first as MSG starts selling memorabilia 2011 2012 New York Knicks Media Guide a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help 2011 2012 New York Rangers Media Guide a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Wintuk created exclusively for Wamu Theater at Madison Square Garden Archived March 27 2009 at the Wayback Machine cirquedusoleil com November 7 2007 Other sources Edit McShane Larry Looking Back at 125 Years of Madison Square Garden New York City Archived from the original on August 30 2005 Retrieved August 7 2005 MSG Corporate Information Archived from the original on August 6 2005 Retrieved August 7 2005 Rent The Garden Archived from the original on March 5 2005 Retrieved August 7 2005 Bagli Charles V September 12 2005 Madison Square Garden s Owners Are in Talks to Replace It a Block West The New York Times Huff Richard August 22 2006 Arena s the Star of MSG Revamp New York Daily News permanent dead link Anderson Dave February 19 1981 Sports of the Times Dues for the City The New York Times A Garden Built For Tomorrow Sports Illustrated January 2 1967 Madison Square Garden under construction from the Hagley Digital ArchivesExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Madison Square Garden Official website The Madison Square Garden Company Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Madison Square Garden amp oldid 1131065656, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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