Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic into Latin was first introduced in 1898 as part of the standardization process for the Preußische Instruktionen (PI) in 1899.
The scientific transliteration system is roughly as phonemic as is the orthography of the language transliterated. The deviations are with щ, where the transliteration makes clear that two phonemes are involved, and џ, where it fails to represent the (monophonemic) affricate with a single letter. The transliteration system is based on the Gaj's Latin alphabet used in Serbo-Croatian, in which each letter corresponds directly to a Cyrillic letter in Bosnian, Montenegrin and Serbian official standards, and was heavily based on the earlier Czech alphabet. The Cyrillic letter х, representing the sound [x] as in Bach, was romanized h in Serbo-Croatian, but in German-speaking countries the native digraph ch was used instead.[1] It was codified in the 1898 Prussian Instructions for libraries, or Preußische Instruktionen (PI), which were adopted in Central Europe and Scandinavia. Scientific transliteration can also be used to romanize the early Glagolitic alphabet, which has a close correspondence to Cyrillic.
Scientific transliteration is often adapted to serve as a phonetic alphabet.[2]
Scientific transliteration was the basis for the ISO 9 transliteration standard. While linguistic transliteration tries to preserve the original language's pronunciation to a certain degree, the latest version of the ISO standard (ISO 9:1995) has abandoned this concept, which was still found in ISO/R 9:1968 and is now restricted to a one-to-one mapping of letters. It thus allows for unambiguous reverse transliteration into the original Cyrillic text and is language-independent.
The previous official Soviet romanization system, GOST 16876-71, is also based on scientific transliteration but used Latin h for Cyrillic х instead of Latin x or ssh and sth for Cyrillic Щ, and had a number of other differences. Most countries using Cyrillic script now have adopted GOST 7.79 instead, which is not the same as ISO 9 but close to it.
Representing all of the necessary diacritics on computers requires Unicode, Latin-2, Latin-4, or Latin-7 encoding.
TableEdit
Prussian Instructions, scientific transliteration, and ISO 9
^Indicated by - (hyphen) if medial, disregarded if final.
( ) Letters in parentheses are older or alternative transliterations. Ukrainian and Belarusian apostrophe are not transcribed. The early Cyrillic letter koppa (Ҁ, ҁ) was used only for transliterating Greek and its numeric value and was thus omitted. Prussian Instructions and ISO 9:1995 are provided for comparison.
^Hans H. Wellisch (1978), The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization, New York City: Wiley, pp. 260–262, Wikidata Q104231343
^ abThe templates {{softsign}} and {{hardsign}} may be used for the proper character.
ReferencesEdit
(Winter 2003) "Transliteration", in Slavic and East European Journal, 47 (4):backmatter—every issue of this journal has a transliteration reference in the back, including a table labelled “ISO Transliteration System”, although it is different from the latest version of ISO 9:1995.
IDS (Informationsverbund Deutschschweiz, 2001) Katalogisierungsregeln IDS (KIDS), Anhänge, “IDS G.4: Transliteration der slavischen kyrillischen Alphabete” (). Universität Zürich. URL accessed on 2009-05-27 (PDF format, in German)—ISO/R 9 1968 standardization of scientific transliteration
Transliteration history—history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets
"ONLINE transliteration of the text from Cyrillic to Latin". Cyrillic → Latin transliteration (LC). Cestovatelské stránky.
Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts
CyrAcademisator Bi-directional online transliteration of Russian for ALA-LC (diacritics), scientific, ISO/R 9, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and others. Supports Old Slavonic characters
Ukrainian Transliteration — online service of scientific transliteration to and from Ukrainian. Also supports ISO 9, BGN/PCGN, ALA-LC and other standards of Ukrainian transliteration. (in Ukrainian)
October 20, 2023
scientific, transliteration, cyrillic, transliteration, cyrillic, redirects, here, broader, topic, forms, romanization, cyrillic, romanization, cyrillic, scientific, transliteration, variously, called, academic, linguistic, international, scholarly, transliter. Transliteration of Cyrillic redirects here For the broader topic of all forms of romanization of Cyrillic see Romanization of Cyrillic Scientific transliteration variously called academic linguistic international or scholarly transliteration is an international system for transliteration of text from the Cyrillic script to the Latin script romanization This system is most often seen in linguistics publications on Slavic languages Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic into Latin was first introduced in 1898 as part of the standardization process for the Preussische Instruktionen PI in 1899 Contents 1 Details 2 Table 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksDetails EditThe scientific transliteration system is roughly as phonemic as is the orthography of the language transliterated The deviations are with sh where the transliteration makes clear that two phonemes are involved and џ where it fails to represent the monophonemic affricate with a single letter The transliteration system is based on the Gaj s Latin alphabet used in Serbo Croatian in which each letter corresponds directly to a Cyrillic letter in Bosnian Montenegrin and Serbian official standards and was heavily based on the earlier Czech alphabet The Cyrillic letter h representing the sound x as in Bach was romanized h in Serbo Croatian but in German speaking countries the native digraph ch was used instead 1 It was codified in the 1898 Prussian Instructions for libraries or Preussische Instruktionen PI which were adopted in Central Europe and Scandinavia Scientific transliteration can also be used to romanize the early Glagolitic alphabet which has a close correspondence to Cyrillic Scientific transliteration is often adapted to serve as a phonetic alphabet 2 Scientific transliteration was the basis for the ISO 9 transliteration standard While linguistic transliteration tries to preserve the original language s pronunciation to a certain degree the latest version of the ISO standard ISO 9 1995 has abandoned this concept which was still found in ISO R 9 1968 and is now restricted to a one to one mapping of letters It thus allows for unambiguous reverse transliteration into the original Cyrillic text and is language independent The previous official Soviet romanization system GOST 16876 71 is also based on scientific transliteration but used Latin h for Cyrillic h instead of Latin x or ssh and sth for Cyrillic Sh and had a number of other differences Most countries using Cyrillic script now have adopted GOST 7 79 instead which is not the same as ISO 9 but close to it Representing all of the necessary diacritics on computers requires Unicode Latin 2 Latin 4 or Latin 7 encoding Table EditPrussian Instructions scientific transliteration and ISO 9 Cyrillic scientific transliteration PI 3 ISO 9ChurchSlavonic Bulgarian Russian Belarusian Ukrainian Serbian MacedonianA a a a a a a a a a aB b b b b b b b b b bV v v v v v v v v v vG g g g g h h g g g h BE UK gG g g a g ġ g g BE UK D d d d d d d d d d dЃ ѓ ǵ g ǵЂ ђ đ dj d đE e e e e e e e e eYo yo e e e eYe ye e je je eZh zh z z z z z z z z zZ z z z z z z z z z zЅ ѕ ʒ dz dz ẑI i i i i y i i i iI i i i a i i i iYi yi i ji i iJ j j j j j j jЈ ј j j j ǰK k k k k k k k k k kL l l l l l l l l l lЉ љ lj l ľ lj l ľ ľ ľM m m m m m m m m m mN n n n n n n n n n nЊ њ nj n n n nj n n n n nO o o o o o o o o o oP p p p p p p p p p pR r r r r r r r r r rS s s s s s s s s s sT t t t t t t t t t tЌ ќ ḱ k ḱЋ ћ ǵ c c cU u u u u u u u u uOU ou uЎ y ŭ w ŭF f f f f f f f f f fH h x h x x x ch h h ch hC c c c c c c c c c cCh ch c c c c c c c c cЏ џ dz g dz ǵ d Sh sh s s s s s s s s sSh sh sc st st sc sc sc st BG ŝ ǔ ǎ ʺ b ŭ BG ʺY y y u y y y a y y ǐ j ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹѢ ѣ e e a e a e a e a e eE e e e e eYu yu ju ju ju ju ju ju uYa ya ja ja ja ja ja a ʼ ʼѠ ѡ o oѦ ѧ eѨ ѩ jeѪ ѫ ǫ ă a ă ǎѬ ѭ jǫ jă a Ѯ ѯ ksѰ ѱ psѲ ѳ th 8 f a f a f a ḟ f Ѵ ѵ u i a i a i a ẏ ỳѤ ѥ jeꙖ ꙗ ja a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o archaic letter Indicated by hyphen if medial disregarded if final Letters in parentheses are older or alternative transliterations Ukrainian and Belarusian apostrophe are not transcribed The early Cyrillic letter koppa Ҁ ҁ was used only for transliterating Greek and its numeric value and was thus omitted Prussian Instructions and ISO 9 1995 are provided for comparison Unicode encoding is U 02BC ʼ MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE for the Cyrillic apostrophe U 02B9 ʹ MODIFIER LETTER PRIME to transliterate the soft sign 4 U 02BA ʺ MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME to transliterate the hard sign 4 See also EditRomanization of Belarusian Romanization of Bulgarian Romanization of Greek Romanization of Macedonian Romanization of Russian Romanization of Serbian Romanization of Ukrainian Preussische Instruktionen PI ALA LC romanization for RussianNotes Edit Hans H Wellisch 1978 The Conversion of Scripts Its Nature History and Utilization New York City Wiley p 257 Wikidata Q104231343 Timberlake 2004 p 24 Hans H Wellisch 1978 The Conversion of Scripts Its Nature History and Utilization New York City Wiley pp 260 262 Wikidata Q104231343 a b The templates softsign and hardsign may be used for the proper character References Edit Winter 2003 Transliteration in Slavic and East European Journal 47 4 backmatter every issue of this journal has a transliteration reference in the back including a table labelled ISO Transliteration System although it is different from the latest version of ISO 9 1995 IDS Informationsverbund Deutschschweiz 2001 Katalogisierungsregeln IDS KIDS Anhange IDS G 4 Transliteration der slavischen kyrillischen Alphabete Archive Universitat Zurich URL accessed on 2009 05 27 PDF format in German ISO R 9 1968 standardization of scientific transliteration Timberlake Alan 2004 A Reference Grammar of Russian Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 77292 3 External links EditTransliteration history history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets ONLINE transliteration of the text from Cyrillic to Latin Cyrillic Latin transliteration LC Cestovatelske stranky Transliteration of Non Roman Scripts CyrAcademisator Bi directional online transliteration of Russian for ALA LC diacritics scientific ISO R 9 ISO 9 GOST 7 79B and others Supports Old Slavonic characters Ukrainian Transliteration online service of scientific transliteration to and from Ukrainian Also supports ISO 9 BGN PCGN ALA LC and other standards of Ukrainian transliteration in Ukrainian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic amp oldid 1170343450, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
