The so-called Preußische Instruktionen or PI (English: Prussian instructions) are a cataloging set of rules for libraries which was used in scientific libraries in German-speaking countries and beyond. First published in 1899, the PI were replaced by other sets of rules such as the Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (RAK) from the 1980s onwards,[1] which in turn have been replaced by the Resource Description and Access (RDA) rules since 2015.
Already in 1874 (hectographed edition) and 1886 (printed edition), Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko of the University Library at Breslau had presented a set of cataloging rules under the title "Instruction für die Ordnung der Titel im Alphabetischen Zettelkatalog der Königlichen und Universitäts-Bibliothek zu Breslau", also known as "Breslauer Instructionen" (English: Wroclaw instructions).[2][3] In there, the order of the titles was defined, but not the bibliographic recording.
In 1890, the Königliche Bibliothek in Berlin created "instructions" that regulated the admission but not the order of entries.
In 1899, a compromise arose from these two sets of instructions, resulting in the first uniform set of rules, the "Preußische Instruktionen" (PI). They were first published on 10 May 1899 under the title "Instruktionen für die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken und für den preussischen Gesamtkatalog".[4][5] Fritz Milkau [de], a later employee of Friedrich Althoff, played a decisive role in the creation of the PI. The second edition appeared in 1908.[6] The PI formed the basis for the Preußischer Gesamtkatalog [de], the later Deutscher Gesamtkatalog (English: German General Catalog).
During their time, the PI were a major step forward in the German library landscape and they were occasionally adopted also outside of Prussia. Despite their role model, it was often not possible to achieve a uniform and fully consistent application of the guidelines in the cataloging of some important libraries in Bavaria, Hesse, Saxony and at other traditional German library locations before the introduction of digital computers. In the international network of libraries, those rules which were tied to the structure of the German language and therefore difficult to transfer into other languages, have been replaced by other sets of rules.
One of the peculiarities of the PI is that multi-author writings (with four or more authors) and factual title writings were sorted according to the principle of grammatical order.[7] This means that typically the first independent noun is relevant for the classification in the (card) catalog. Articles and prepositions are ignored. In addition, there are no entries in the PI under corporate bodies.[8] Titles are arranged grammatically not mechanically, and literature is entered under its title.[9] There is no difference between the letters "I" and "J" to be made, and German umlauts are sorted alongside their non-diacritical letters. Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic into Latin was first introduced in 1898 as part of the standardization process for the PI. The publications of an author are divided into groups: first, editions of works are listed, then partial collections, fragments and excerpts from works, only then followed by individual writings.
The application of the rules is comparatively complex and unsuitable for online catalogs such as Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC), consequently they are rarely used today. In the case of library catalogs following keywords or correspondingly structured directories, knowledge of these rules is still helpful, however. Also, historical holdings still exist in libraries which are organized in catalogs based on the PI system.
^Pobst, Hans. [Development of the RAK - rules for the alphabetical catalog]. biblio.at (abstract) (in German). Österreichisches Bibliothekswerk [de]. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
^Dziatzko, Karl Franz Otto (1886). Instruction für die Ordnung der Titel im Alphabetischen Zettelkatalog der Königlichen und Universitäts-Bibliothek zu Breslau [Instruction for the order of the titles in the alphabetical card catalog of the Royal and University Library in Wroclaw] (in German). Berlin, Germany: A. Asher & Co. [de].
^Instruktionen für die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken und für den preussischen Gesamtkatalog vom 10. Mai 1899 [Instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries and for the Prussian general catalog from 10 May 1899] (in German). Berlin, Germany: A. Asher & Co. [de]. 1899.
^Instruktionen für die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken vom 10. Mai 1899: Erläuterungen, Nachträge, Beispielzusätze [Instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries from 10 May 1899: explanations, additions, example additions.] (in German). Burg (bei Magdeburg): Hopfer. 1905.
^Instruktionen für die alphabetischen Kataloge der preuszischen Bibliotheken vom 10. Mai 1899 [Instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries of 10 May 1899] (in German) (2 ed.). Berlin, Germany: Behrend. 1909 [1908-08-10].
^"Besonderheiten der Preußischen Instruktionen (PI) im ZKBW" [Special features of the Prussian instructions (PI) in the ZKBW] (in German). Zentralkatalog Baden-Württemberg. from the original on 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
^Sickmann, Ludwig [at Wikidata] (1961). "Les Problèmes du catalogue alphabétique d'auteurs et de titres en Allemagne. Situation présente". Bulletin des bibliothèques de France (BBF) (in French). No. 9–10. pp. 423–429. ISSN 1292-8399. from the original on 2020-03-03. Retrieved 2021-07-26.
Sass, Dale (1927). Erläuterungen zu den Instruktionen für die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken [Explanations of the instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries] (in German). Leipzig, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag.
Fuchs, Hermann [in German] (1973). Kommentar zu den Instruktionen für die alphabetischen Kataloge der preußischen Bibliotheken [Commentary on the instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries] (in German) (5th, unchanged ed.). Wiesbaden, Germany. ISBN3-447-002743.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Allischewski, Helmut (1982). Retrieval nach Preußischen Instruktionen. Darstellung der Recherche-Probleme in "preußisch" geführten Katalogen anhand einer Systematik der Schriftenklassen [Retrieval according to Prussian instructions. Representation of the research problems in "Prussian" catalogs based on a system of the typeface classes.] (in German). Wiesbaden, Germany: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag [de]. ISBN3-88226-143-9.
Plassmann, Engelbert [in German] (2000). Hundert Jahre "Preußische Instruktionen". Öffentlicher Vortrag in der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin im Rahmen des Berliner Bibliothekswissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums am 11. Mai 1999 [One hundred years of "Prussian Instructions". Public lecture at the Humboldt University in Berlin as part of the Berlin Library Science Colloquium on 11 May 1999.]. Berliner Arbeiten zur Bibliothekswissenschaft (in German). Vol. 1. Berlin, Germany: Logos Verlag Berlin [de]. ISBN3-89722-335-X.
Popst, Hans; Croissant, Charles R. (2002). "The Development of Descriptive Cataloging in Germany". Historical Aspects of Cataloging and Classification. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly. Haworth Press. 35 (1–2): 155–172. doi:10.1300/J104v35n01_10. ISSN 0163-9374. S2CID 60973950. CODEN CCQUDB. Retrieved 2021-07-25.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
External links
Payer, Margarete [at Wikidata] (2011-06-16). "Preußische Instruktionen" (in German).
August 21, 2023
preußische, instruktionen, called, english, prussian, instructions, cataloging, rules, libraries, which, used, scientific, libraries, german, speaking, countries, beyond, first, published, 1899, were, replaced, other, sets, rules, such, regeln, für, alphabetis. The so called Preussische Instruktionen or PI English Prussian instructions are a cataloging set of rules for libraries which was used in scientific libraries in German speaking countries and beyond First published in 1899 the PI were replaced by other sets of rules such as the Regeln fur die alphabetische Katalogisierung RAK from the 1980s onwards 1 which in turn have been replaced by the Resource Description and Access RDA rules since 2015 Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksHistory EditAlready in 1874 hectographed edition and 1886 printed edition Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko of the University Library at Breslau had presented a set of cataloging rules under the title Instruction fur die Ordnung der Titel im Alphabetischen Zettelkatalog der Koniglichen und Universitats Bibliothek zu Breslau also known as Breslauer Instructionen English Wroclaw instructions 2 3 In there the order of the titles was defined but not the bibliographic recording In 1890 the Konigliche Bibliothek in Berlin created instructions that regulated the admission but not the order of entries In 1899 a compromise arose from these two sets of instructions resulting in the first uniform set of rules the Preussische Instruktionen PI They were first published on 10 May 1899 under the title Instruktionen fur die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken und fur den preussischen Gesamtkatalog 4 5 Fritz Milkau de a later employee of Friedrich Althoff played a decisive role in the creation of the PI The second edition appeared in 1908 6 The PI formed the basis for the Preussischer Gesamtkatalog de the later Deutscher Gesamtkatalog English German General Catalog During their time the PI were a major step forward in the German library landscape and they were occasionally adopted also outside of Prussia Despite their role model it was often not possible to achieve a uniform and fully consistent application of the guidelines in the cataloging of some important libraries in Bavaria Hesse Saxony and at other traditional German library locations before the introduction of digital computers In the international network of libraries those rules which were tied to the structure of the German language and therefore difficult to transfer into other languages have been replaced by other sets of rules One of the peculiarities of the PI is that multi author writings with four or more authors and factual title writings were sorted according to the principle of grammatical order 7 This means that typically the first independent noun is relevant for the classification in the card catalog Articles and prepositions are ignored In addition there are no entries in the PI under corporate bodies 8 Titles are arranged grammatically not mechanically and literature is entered under its title 9 There is no difference between the letters I and J to be made and German umlauts are sorted alongside their non diacritical letters Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic into Latin was first introduced in 1898 as part of the standardization process for the PI The publications of an author are divided into groups first editions of works are listed then partial collections fragments and excerpts from works only then followed by individual writings The application of the rules is comparatively complex and unsuitable for online catalogs such as Online Public Access Catalogue OPAC consequently they are rarely used today In the case of library catalogs following keywords or correspondingly structured directories knowledge of these rules is still helpful however Also historical holdings still exist in libraries which are organized in catalogs based on the PI system See also EditDIN 1505 Paris Principles PP Berliner Anweisungen BA Regeln fur die alphabetische Katalogisierung RAK Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic Gesamtkatalog der WiegendruckeReferences Edit Pobst Hans Entwicklung der RAK Regeln fur den alphabetischen Katalog Development of the RAK rules for the alphabetical catalog biblio at abstract in German Osterreichisches Bibliothekswerk de Archived from the original on 2021 03 04 Retrieved 2020 03 03 Dziatzko Karl Franz Otto 1886 Instruction fur die Ordnung der Titel im Alphabetischen Zettelkatalog der Koniglichen und Universitats Bibliothek zu Breslau Instruction for the order of the titles in the alphabetical card catalog of the Royal and University Library in Wroclaw in German Berlin Germany A Asher amp Co de Stevenson Gordon 1993 Wedgeworth Robert ed World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services illustrated ed Chicago USA American Library Association ALA p 260 ISBN 978 0 83890609 5 LCCN 93 25159 OCLC 1151779136 ark 13960 t21c9c571 urn oclc record 1151779136 Instruktionen fur die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken und fur den preussischen Gesamtkatalog vom 10 Mai 1899 Instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries and for the Prussian general catalog from 10 May 1899 in German Berlin Germany A Asher amp Co de 1899 Instruktionen fur die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken vom 10 Mai 1899 Erlauterungen Nachtrage Beispielzusatze Instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries from 10 May 1899 explanations additions example additions in German Burg bei Magdeburg Hopfer 1905 Instruktionen fur die alphabetischen Kataloge der preuszischen Bibliotheken vom 10 Mai 1899 Instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries of 10 May 1899 in German 2 ed Berlin Germany Behrend 1909 1908 08 10 Besonderheiten der Preussischen Instruktionen PI im ZKBW Special features of the Prussian instructions PI in the ZKBW in German Zentralkatalog Baden Wurttemberg Archived from the original on 2021 07 26 Retrieved 2020 03 03 Sickmann Ludwig at Wikidata 1961 Les Problemes du catalogue alphabetique d auteurs et de titres en Allemagne Situation presente Bulletin des bibliotheques de France BBF in French No 9 10 pp 423 429 ISSN 1292 8399 Archived from the original on 2020 03 03 Retrieved 2021 07 26 Chan Lois Mai 2007 Cataloging and Classification An Introduction Hodges Theodora L 3rd ed Lanham Maryland USA Scarecrow Press Inc ISBN 978 0 81085944 9 LCCN 2007018729 OCLC 124031949 ark 13960 t4wj0pz47 Further reading EditSass Dale 1927 Erlauterungen zu den Instruktionen fur die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken Explanations of the instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries in German Leipzig Germany Harrassowitz Verlag Fuchs Hermann in German 1973 Kommentar zu den Instruktionen fur die alphabetischen Kataloge der preussischen Bibliotheken Commentary on the instructions for the alphabetical catalogs of the Prussian libraries in German 5th unchanged ed Wiesbaden Germany ISBN 3 447 002743 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Allischewski Helmut 1982 Retrieval nach Preussischen Instruktionen Darstellung der Recherche Probleme in preussisch gefuhrten Katalogen anhand einer Systematik der Schriftenklassen Retrieval according to Prussian instructions Representation of the research problems in Prussian catalogs based on a system of the typeface classes in German Wiesbaden Germany Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag de ISBN 3 88226 143 9 Plassmann Engelbert in German 2000 Hundert Jahre Preussische Instruktionen Offentlicher Vortrag in der Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin im Rahmen des Berliner Bibliothekswissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums am 11 Mai 1999 One hundred years of Prussian Instructions Public lecture at the Humboldt University in Berlin as part of the Berlin Library Science Colloquium on 11 May 1999 Berliner Arbeiten zur Bibliothekswissenschaft in German Vol 1 Berlin Germany Logos Verlag Berlin de ISBN 3 89722 335 X Popst Hans Croissant Charles R 2002 The Development of Descriptive Cataloging in Germany Historical Aspects of Cataloging and Classification Cataloging amp Classification Quarterly Haworth Press 35 1 2 155 172 doi 10 1300 J104v35n01 10 ISSN 0163 9374 S2CID 60973950 CODEN CCQUDB Retrieved 2021 07 25 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint url status link External links EditPayer Margarete at Wikidata 2011 06 16 Preussische Instruktionen in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Preussische Instruktionen amp oldid 1131255217, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
