Speakers of Egyptian Arabic do not always understand more conservative varieties of Ṣaʽīdi Arabic.[7]
Ṣaʽīdi Arabic carries little prestige nationally, but it continues to be widely spoken in the South, and in the north by Southern migrants who have also adapted to Egyptian Arabic. For example, the Ṣaʽīdi genitiveexponent is usually replaced with Egyptian bitāʿ, but the realisation of /q/ as [ɡ] is retained (normally realised in Egyptian Arabic as [ʔ]).
Saidi Arabic has various sub-dialects and varies widely from a town to town. Because of the tribal nature of Upper Egypt, and because some of the Upper Egyptian tribes have had links to the formal Arabic language with its proper pronunciations, or the classical Arabic language could be vividly noticed in many sub-dialects. For example, the word "قعمز" meaning "sit", is used throughout Egypt, Sudan, and the Maghreb, and continues to be widely used in Upper Egypt. Furthermore, in addition to similar pronunciation of letters with Hejazi cities such as Jeddah and Mecca, words such as "لسع" meaning "still" and "قمرية" meaning "wild pigeon" are in wide use in Upper Egypt. Other examples are classical words such as "فروج" meaning "chicken", as opposed to "فرخة" that is used in Northern Egypt.
Second- and third-generation Ṣaʽīdi migrants are monolingual in Egyptian Arabic but maintain cultural and family ties to the south.
The Egyptian poet Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi wrote in his native Sa'idi dialect and was the voice of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and a prominent Egyptian Nationalist.
Behnstedt and Woidich classify the dialects of Upper Egypt into four broad groupings:[8]
Upper Egyptian 1 — dialects spoken south of Asyut to the region of Luxor. The niktib-níkitbu paradigm is dominant in this group.
Upper Egyptian 2[8] — dialects spoken in the bend of the Nile from Nag Hammadi to south of Qena, which have some typical Upper Egyptian features (glottalization of /ṭ/, breaking of /ē/ and /ō/, /d/ for Ǧīm, and the aktib-niktibu paradigm of the imperfect) but which have a syllable structure akin to Middle Egyptian dialects.
Upper Egyptian 3[8] — dialects spoken on the west bank of the Nile from el-Bi’irat (near Luxor) to Esna. They are characterized by a form of umlaut, the gahawa-syndrome, the plural suffix -aw in the perfect and imperfect conjugation, and feminine plural pronouns/conjugations. These features indicate strong Bedouin influence.
Upper Egyptian 4[8] — dialects spoken south of Luxor, characterized by a ‘pure’ pronunciation of /ā/, and the presence of /a/ in the definite article, as well as some pronouns. Ǧīm is realized [ɟ]. In the north of the region, aktib-niktib or aktib-nikitbu paradigm is used, in the south niktib-nikitbu.
^Orville Boyd Jenkins (2000-03-18). "Population Analysis of the Arabic Languages". Retrieved 2020-06-28.
^Bruce Ingham, "Some Characteristics of Meccan Speech", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 34, No. 2. (1971), pp. 273–297.
^Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
^ abcdBehnstedt, P. (1985). Die ägyptisch-arabischen Dialekte (in German). L. Reichert. ISBN978-3-88226-227-8.
Khalafallah, Abdelghany A. 1969. A Descriptive Grammar of Sa'i:di Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Janua Linguarum, Series Practica 32. The Hague: Mouton.
Versteegh, Kees (2001). The Arabic Language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN0-7486-1436-2.
External linksEdit
Saʽidi Arabic test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
October 05, 2023
saʽidi, arabic, Ṣaʽīdi, arabic, autonym, صعيدى, sˤɑˈʕiːdi, egyptian, arabic, sˤeˈʕiːdi, upper, egyptian, arabic, variety, arabic, spoken, upper, egyptians, area, that, south, upper, egypt, strip, land, both, sides, nile, that, extends, from, aswan, downriver, . Ṣaʽidi Arabic autonym صعيدى sˤɑˈʕiːdi Egyptian Arabic sˤeˈʕiːdi or Upper Egyptian Arabic 3 is a variety of Arabic spoken by the Upper Egyptians in the area that is South Upper Egypt a strip of land on both sides of the Nile that extends from Aswan and downriver northwards to Lower Egypt 4 It shares linguistic features with Egyptian Arabic modern standard and the Classical Arabic of the Quran Dialects include Middle and Upper Egyptian Arabic 5 6 Upper Egyptian ArabicSaʽidi ArabicصعيدىNative toEgyptRegionAl Minya Governorate and south to Sudan border Red Sea area Cairo areaEthnicitySa idisSpeakers25 million 2021 1 Language familyAfro Asiatic SemiticCentral SemiticArabicUpper Egyptian ArabicWriting systemArabic alphabetLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code aec class extiw title iso639 3 aec aec a Glottologsaid1239Linguasphere12 AAC eb sup id cite ref 2 class reference a href cite note 2 2 a sup image reference needed This article contains IPA phonetic symbols Without proper rendering support you may see question marks boxes or other symbols instead of Unicode characters For an introductory guide on IPA symbols see Help IPA Speakers of Egyptian Arabic do not always understand more conservative varieties of Ṣaʽidi Arabic 7 Ṣaʽidi Arabic carries little prestige nationally but it continues to be widely spoken in the South and in the north by Southern migrants who have also adapted to Egyptian Arabic For example the Ṣaʽidi genitive exponent is usually replaced with Egyptian bitaʿ but the realisation of q as ɡ is retained normally realised in Egyptian Arabic as ʔ Saidi Arabic has various sub dialects and varies widely from a town to town Because of the tribal nature of Upper Egypt and because some of the Upper Egyptian tribes have had links to the formal Arabic language with its proper pronunciations or the classical Arabic language could be vividly noticed in many sub dialects For example the word قعمز meaning sit is used throughout Egypt Sudan and the Maghreb and continues to be widely used in Upper Egypt Furthermore in addition to similar pronunciation of letters with Hejazi cities such as Jeddah and Mecca words such as لسع meaning still and قمرية meaning wild pigeon are in wide use in Upper Egypt Other examples are classical words such as فروج meaning chicken as opposed to فرخة that is used in Northern Egypt Second and third generation Ṣaʽidi migrants are monolingual in Egyptian Arabic but maintain cultural and family ties to the south The Egyptian poet Abdel Rahman el Abnudi wrote in his native Sa idi dialect and was the voice of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and a prominent Egyptian Nationalist Contents 1 Dialects 2 Phonology 2 1 Consonants 2 2 Vowels 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksDialects EditBehnstedt and Woidich classify the dialects of Upper Egypt into four broad groupings 8 Upper Egyptian 1 dialects spoken south of Asyut to the region of Luxor The niktib nikitbu paradigm is dominant in this group Upper Egyptian 2 8 dialects spoken in the bend of the Nile from Nag Hammadi to south of Qena which have some typical Upper Egyptian features glottalization of ṭ breaking of e and ō d for Ǧim and the aktib niktibu paradigm of the imperfect but which have a syllable structure akin to Middle Egyptian dialects Upper Egyptian 3 8 dialects spoken on the west bank of the Nile from el Bi irat near Luxor to Esna They are characterized by a form of umlaut the gahawa syndrome the plural suffix aw in the perfect and imperfect conjugation and feminine plural pronouns conjugations These features indicate strong Bedouin influence Upper Egyptian 4 8 dialects spoken south of Luxor characterized by a pure pronunciation of a and the presence of a in the definite article as well as some pronouns Ǧim is realized ɟ In the north of the region aktib niktib or aktib nikitbu paradigm is used in the south niktib nikitbu Phonology EditConsonants Edit Ṣaʽidi Arabic has the following consonants 9 Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal GlottalNasal m nPlosive voiceless t k ʔvoiced b d ɡFricative voiceless f s ʃ x ħ hvoiced z ʁ ʕAffricate voiceless t ʃvoiced d ʒ Trill rApproximant w l j d ʒ may also be realised as ʒ or as d when it merges with d Vowels Edit Front Central BackHigh i ː u ː Mid eː oːLow aSee also EditVarieties of Arabic Sa idi people Copts Nubians Egyptian ArabicReferences Edit Upper Egyptian Arabic at Ethnologue 26th ed 2023 nbsp a PDF The Linguasphere Register p 128 Retrieved 1 March 2013 Arabic Sa idi Spoken Ethnologue Retrieved 1 March 2013 Versteegh p 163 Orville Boyd Jenkins 2000 03 18 Population Analysis of the Arabic Languages Retrieved 2020 06 28 Bruce Ingham Some Characteristics of Meccan Speech Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Vol 34 No 2 1971 pp 273 297 Raymond G Gordon Jr ed 2005 Ethnologue Languages of the World 15th edition Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics a b c d Behnstedt P 1985 Die agyptisch arabischen Dialekte in German L Reichert ISBN 978 3 88226 227 8 Khalafallah 1969Sources EditKhalafallah Abdelghany A 1969 A Descriptive Grammar of Sa i di Egyptian Colloquial Arabic Janua Linguarum Series Practica 32 The Hague Mouton Versteegh Kees 2001 The Arabic Language Edinburgh Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0 7486 1436 2 External links Edit nbsp Saʽidi Arabic test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saʽidi Arabic amp oldid 1177213552, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
