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Age of majority

April 28, 2023

The age of majority is the threshold of legal adulthood as recognized or declared in law. It is the moment when minors cease to be considered such and assume legal control over their persons, actions, and decisions, thus terminating the control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over them. Most countries set the age of majority at 18, but some jurisdictions have a higher age and others lower. The word majority here refers to having greater years and being of full age as opposed to minority, the state of being a minor. The law in a given jurisdiction may not actually use the term "age of majority". The term typically refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood. Those under the age of majority are referred to as minors and may be legally denied certain privileges or rights (e.g. the right to vote, buy alcohol, marry, sign a binding contract).

Ages of majority (2023):
  21 and above
  20
  19
  18
  17
  16 or younger

Age of majority should not be confused with the age of maturity, age of sexual consent, marriageable age, school-leaving age, drinking age, driving age, voting age, smoking age, gambling age, etc., which each may be independent of and set at a different age from the age of majority.

Explanation

The term "age of majority" can be confused with the similar concept of the age of license,[1] which also pertains to the threshold of adulthood but in a much broader and more abstract manner. As a legal term of art, "license" means "permission", which leads to implications of a legally enforceable right or privilege. Thus, an age of license is an age at which one has legal permission from a given government to participate in certain activities or rituals. The age of majority, on the other hand, is a legal recognition that one is gradually becoming an adult, not necessarily stating that one is legally allowed to partake in any or all activities specified for adults.[2]

Many ages of license are correlated to the age of majority to recognize the transition to legal adulthood, but they are nonetheless legally distinct concepts. One need not have attained the age of majority to have permission to exercise certain rights and responsibilities. Some ages of license may be higher, lower, or match the age of majority. For example, to purchase alcoholic beverages, the age of license is 21 in all U.S. states. Another example is the voting age, which prior to 1971 was 21 in the US, as was the age of majority in all or most states. After the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18, the age of majority was lowered to 18 in most states. In most US states, one may obtain a driver's license, consent to sexual activity, and gain full-time employment at age 16 even though the current age of majority is 18 in most states.[3] In the Republic of Ireland the age of majority is 18, but one must be over 21 to stand for election to the Houses of the Oireachtas.[4] Also, in Portugal the age of majority is 18, but one must be at least 25 years of age to run for public office and 35 to run for president.[5] A child who is legally emancipated by a court of competent jurisdiction automatically attains to their maturity upon the signing of the court order. Only emancipation confers the status of maturity before a person has actually reached the age of majority.

In almost all places, minors who marry are automatically emancipated. Some places also do the same for minors who are in the armed forces or who have a certain degree or diploma.[6] Minors who are emancipated may be able to choose where they live, sign contracts, and have control over their financial and medical decisions and generally make decisions free from parental control but are not exempt from age requirements set forth in law for other rights. For example, a minor can emancipate at 16 in the US (or younger depending on the state) but must still wait until 18 to vote or buy a firearm, and 21 to buy alcohol or tobacco.

The age 18 is identified as the age of adulthood in the Jewish Talmud relative to having sound judgement to make monetary decisions as a judge.[7] Here, the Talmud says that every judgment Josiah, the sixteenth king of Judah (c. 640–609), issued from his coronation until the age of eighteen was reversed and he returned the money to the parties whom he judged liable, due to concern that in his youth he may not have judged the cases correctly. Other Jewish commentators have discussed whether age 13 or 18 is the age to make decisions in a Jewish Court.[8]

The highest known age of majority historically was around age 30, during the age of the Roman Empire, where young males were placed under the guardianship of adults known as "Curatores" whose permission was needed to engage in formal acts and sign contracts until the youth reached turned 30. This was later lowered down to 25, and eventually 21 became the common age of majority. In some places historically, 23 or 27 could have also been this age.[9] It has also gone down to as low as 14 or 15 years of age. They are somewhat arbitrarily chosen, but have rarely been designated outside of this approximate age range. It has not always been 18 or 21 but rather a variety of ages. In Medieval England, the age of majority was 15 but further raised to 21.[10][11][12]

Since 2015, some countries have started to lower the voting age to 16.[13][14] Some countries, like England and Wales, are even considering lowering the age of majority to 16,[15] similar to how it already is in Cuba.[16] The main arguments for lowering is that, on average, young people are much more educated currently (both because of better individual educational outcomes and being raised by more educated parents) than in the past (the same argument made in the 1970s when most countries lowered the age of majority from 21 to 18, which is the age still used presently for most countries).[citation needed] In addition, compared to the past, nowadays information is much more easily accessible as a result of the invention of the Internet, which can now be accessed through both a computer and also a smartphone.

Civil law

In many countries minors can be emancipated: depending on jurisdiction, this may happen through acts such as marriage, attaining economic self-sufficiency, obtaining an educational degree or diploma, or participating in a form of military service. In the United States, all states have some form of emancipation of minors.[17]

The following list the age of majority in countries (or administrative divisions) in the order of lowest to highest:

Up to age 15

Age 16

Age 17

Age 18

 
Coming of Age Day in Japan

Age 19

Age 20

Age 21 and above

Religious law

Religions have their own rules as to the age of maturity, when a child is regarded to be an adult, at least for ritual purposes:

  • Islam: Males are considered adults either at 15 years old or after first nocturnal emission, growth of pubic hair while Females are considered adults either at 15 or after when they first menstruate, growth of pubic hair, nocturnal emission (which usually takes place for females around 12 and males around 13) Both require a "mental maturity" to be attained for certain rituals, such as marriage (بلوغ النكاح).
  • Judaism: The age of majority is 13 years for boys (bar mitzvah) and 12 years for girls (bat mitzvah) for religious purposes.[123] However, Jewish law follows the law of the land if there is a difference, such as in marriage age.
  • Christianity (only the Roman Catholic Church): 18 years.[124]
  • Baha'i Faith: The spiritual age of maturity for every person born into a Baha'i family is 15. At 15, the person is old enough to decide for themselves what religion they want to be, so they could decide to stay a Baha'i or choose a different path. At this age, Baha'is are considered youth (as opposed to children before 15). Baha'i youth are 15–21 years old. Once a Baha'i turns 15, if they declare themselves a Baha'i, they are expected to recite a daily obligatory prayer and participate in the Fast.[125] Baha'is can vote in Baha'i elections once they turn 18 (recently changed from 21).[126]

Effects

  • End of the parental authority and guardianship (in some legal systems it causes the pre-end of said institutions).
  • Right to be considered legally capable.
  • Right to freely manage and dispose of their goods, buy and sell properties and sign rental contracts.
  • Right to inherit, manage the inheritance and, in countries where testaments exist, the possibility of testament.
  • Right to receive bank credits and have bank accounts.
  • Right to demand public authority.
  • Possibility of being sued for not paying debts or other contracts.
  • Possibility of being a member of the jury (in countries where trials use a jury).
  • Possibility of being sued for child support and medical bills due to the birth of a child.[127]

In some countries, reaching the age of majority carries other rights and obligations, although in other countries, these rights and obligations may be had before or after reaching the aforementioned age.

  • Right to vote and to run for government office: although in some countries the minimum voting age may be lower and in other countries there are age restrictions to be elected to certain public offices.
  • Right to drive a car: it may vary in some countries with respect to the age of majority.
  • Right to drink alcoholic drinks, use drugs, like cocaine, heroin or marijuana and to smoke: In some countries, the legal drinking age and the smoking age differ from the age of adulthood.
  • Right to buy and possess firearms or guns.
  • Right to work, pursue trade, profession or industry: may vary in some countries with respect to the age of majority.
  • Right to freely leave the country (in some European countries like Italy, minors can leave the country unimpeded).[128]
  • In trials, the possibility of being treated as an adult, found guilty and sentenced to prison: It may vary in some countries with respect to the age of majority.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The age of majority is 15 Islamic lunar years for boys, and nine lunar years for girls.
  2. ^ Amendments to existing laws have been drafted to raise majority age to 18. Currently, however, the body is considered to be developed and to have reached adulthood at age 15 in Yemen.
  3. ^ Article 25. Minor and adolescent: minor is the person who has not turned eighteen. This Code refers to the adolescent as the minor who turned thirteen years of age.
  4. ^ Article 24. The age of majority shall be 18.
  5. ^ Those aged 16 or older can be emancipated upon marriage, by being approved for civil service, by graduating in college or for being economically independent
  6. ^ §30 Majority. An individual acquires full legal capacity upon reaching the age of majority. The age of majority is reached upon reaching eighteen years of age. Before reaching the age of majority, full legal capacity is acquired by being granted legal capacity or by entering into marriage. Legal capacity acquired by entering into marriage is not terminated upon termination or invalidation of marriage.
  7. ^ A minor is an individual of either sex who is not yet eighteen years old.
  8. ^ Iraq's Civil Code defines the age of majority as 18; however, due to the Iraqi constitution and instability, Note 1 (above) may apply as courts choose between Shari'ah law and the Civil Code
  9. ^ Constitution of Kenya. Article 260. "Adult" means an individual who has attained the age of eighteen years, "child" means an individual who has not attained the age of eighteen years. Age of Majority Act, 1977. Section 2 Age of majority. A person shall be of full age and cease to be under any disability by reason of age on attaining the age of eighteen years.
  10. ^ (Netherlands) Or earlier upon marriage
  11. ^ (Poland) Or upon marriage which for women can happen at 16 the earliest, voting age is 18 always
  12. ^ Minors are emancipated upon marriage or in case of working on a labour agreement or being engaged in business activities.
  13. ^ Children's Act, 2005 Article 1. "child" means a person under the age of 18 years, article 17. Age of majority – A child, whether male or female, becomes a major upon reaching the age of 18 years.
  14. ^ Constitution article 12. Spaniards come legally of age at eighteen years. Civil Code article 315. Legal age begins upon turning eighteen. The date of birth shall be included in full for the calculation of legal age.
  15. ^ In Mississippi, 18 is the age of majority for executors and administrators. However, "in case letters testamentary or of administration shall be granted to any one under twenty-one (21) years, the bond executed by such person for the performance of the duties shall be as valid and binding as if such person were of full age." By contrast, any person between the ages of 18 and 20 is defined as a minor for trusts and estates, and transfers to that person.[105] In all states, the legal drinking and smoking age is 21.
  16. ^ In the light of article 16 of the Family Code, which provides that majority is attained at the age of 21 years, it may be inferred that the status of minor is retained in Honduras until the age of 21. According, however, to article 36 of the Constitution of Honduras, all Hondurans over 18 years of age are citizens. This means that the quality of citizen is attained while a person is still a minor, thus involving the assumption of the status of minor adult. The latter contracts all the obligations of persons of full age and acquires the specific rights that are reserved for such persons, with a few exceptions.[117]

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External links

  • "Age of majority". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
  • "Age of Majority by State as of 2021". Policygenius, Age of Majority by State in 2022.

April 28, 2023
majority, majority, threshold, legal, adulthood, recognized, declared, moment, when, minors, cease, considered, such, assume, legal, control, over, their, persons, actions, decisions, thus, terminating, control, legal, responsibilities, their, parents, guardia. The age of majority is the threshold of legal adulthood as recognized or declared in law It is the moment when minors cease to be considered such and assume legal control over their persons actions and decisions thus terminating the control and legal responsibilities of their parents or guardian over them Most countries set the age of majority at 18 but some jurisdictions have a higher age and others lower The word majority here refers to having greater years and being of full age as opposed to minority the state of being a minor The law in a given jurisdiction may not actually use the term age of majority The term typically refers to a collection of laws bestowing the status of adulthood Those under the age of majority are referred to as minors and may be legally denied certain privileges or rights e g the right to vote buy alcohol marry sign a binding contract Ages of majority 2023 21 and above 20 19 18 17 16 or younger Age of majority should not be confused with the age of maturity age of sexual consent marriageable age school leaving age drinking age driving age voting age smoking age gambling age etc which each may be independent of and set at a different age from the age of majority Contents 1 Explanation 2 Civil law 2 1 Up to age 15 2 2 Age 16 2 3 Age 17 2 4 Age 18 2 5 Age 19 2 6 Age 20 2 7 Age 21 and above 3 Religious law 4 Effects 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksExplanation EditThe term age of majority can be confused with the similar concept of the age of license 1 which also pertains to the threshold of adulthood but in a much broader and more abstract manner As a legal term of art license means permission which leads to implications of a legally enforceable right or privilege Thus an age of license is an age at which one has legal permission from a given government to participate in certain activities or rituals The age of majority on the other hand is a legal recognition that one is gradually becoming an adult not necessarily stating that one is legally allowed to partake in any or all activities specified for adults 2 Many ages of license are correlated to the age of majority to recognize the transition to legal adulthood but they are nonetheless legally distinct concepts One need not have attained the age of majority to have permission to exercise certain rights and responsibilities Some ages of license may be higher lower or match the age of majority For example to purchase alcoholic beverages the age of license is 21 in all U S states Another example is the voting age which prior to 1971 was 21 in the US as was the age of majority in all or most states After the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 the age of majority was lowered to 18 in most states In most US states one may obtain a driver s license consent to sexual activity and gain full time employment at age 16 even though the current age of majority is 18 in most states 3 In the Republic of Ireland the age of majority is 18 but one must be over 21 to stand for election to the Houses of the Oireachtas 4 Also in Portugal the age of majority is 18 but one must be at least 25 years of age to run for public office and 35 to run for president 5 A child who is legally emancipated by a court of competent jurisdiction automatically attains to their maturity upon the signing of the court order Only emancipation confers the status of maturity before a person has actually reached the age of majority In almost all places minors who marry are automatically emancipated Some places also do the same for minors who are in the armed forces or who have a certain degree or diploma 6 Minors who are emancipated may be able to choose where they live sign contracts and have control over their financial and medical decisions and generally make decisions free from parental control but are not exempt from age requirements set forth in law for other rights For example a minor can emancipate at 16 in the US or younger depending on the state but must still wait until 18 to vote or buy a firearm and 21 to buy alcohol or tobacco The age 18 is identified as the age of adulthood in the Jewish Talmud relative to having sound judgement to make monetary decisions as a judge 7 Here the Talmud says that every judgment Josiah the sixteenth king of Judah c 640 609 issued from his coronation until the age of eighteen was reversed and he returned the money to the parties whom he judged liable due to concern that in his youth he may not have judged the cases correctly Other Jewish commentators have discussed whether age 13 or 18 is the age to make decisions in a Jewish Court 8 The highest known age of majority historically was around age 30 during the age of the Roman Empire where young males were placed under the guardianship of adults known as Curatores whose permission was needed to engage in formal acts and sign contracts until the youth reached turned 30 This was later lowered down to 25 and eventually 21 became the common age of majority In some places historically 23 or 27 could have also been this age 9 It has also gone down to as low as 14 or 15 years of age They are somewhat arbitrarily chosen but have rarely been designated outside of this approximate age range It has not always been 18 or 21 but rather a variety of ages In Medieval England the age of majority was 15 but further raised to 21 10 11 12 Since 2015 some countries have started to lower the voting age to 16 13 14 Some countries like England and Wales are even considering lowering the age of majority to 16 15 similar to how it already is in Cuba 16 The main arguments for lowering is that on average young people are much more educated currently both because of better individual educational outcomes and being raised by more educated parents than in the past the same argument made in the 1970s when most countries lowered the age of majority from 21 to 18 which is the age still used presently for most countries citation needed In addition compared to the past nowadays information is much more easily accessible as a result of the invention of the Internet which can now be accessed through both a computer and also a smartphone Civil law EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message In many countries minors can be emancipated depending on jurisdiction this may happen through acts such as marriage attaining economic self sufficiency obtaining an educational degree or diploma or participating in a form of military service In the United States all states have some form of emancipation of minors 17 The following list the age of majority in countries or administrative divisions in the order of lowest to highest Up to age 15 Edit Iran 18 note 1 Indonesia 19 Yemen 20 note 2 Age 16 Edit Cambodia 21 Cuba 16 Myanmar 22 Scotland 23 Vietnam 24 Age 17 Edit North Korea 25 Timor Leste 26 Age 18 Edit Coming of Age Day in Japan Afghanistan Albania 27 Andorra 28 Antigua and Barbuda 29 Argentina 30 note 3 Angola 31 note 4 Armenia Australia 32 Austria 33 Azerbaijan Bahamas 34 Bangladesh Barbados 35 Belarus 36 Belgium 37 see Minimum legal ages in Belgium Belize 38 Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina 39 Botswana Brazil note 5 Brunei Bulgaria Burundi Canada 40 Alberta Manitoba Ontario Prince Edward Island Quebec Saskatchewan Chile China 41 Mainland China Hong Kong 42 Macau Colombia Comoros Costa Rica Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic 43 note 6 Denmark incl Faroe Islands and Greenland 44 Djibouti 45 Dominica Dominican Republic 46 Ecuador Egypt 47 El Salvador 48 Estonia Fiji Finland 49 France 50 note 7 Germany 51 Georgia Ghana Greece 52 Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau 53 Guyana Haiti Hungary Iceland India 54 Iraq 55 note 8 Ireland 56 Israel Italy Jamaica Japan 57 Jordan Kazakhstan 58 Kenya 59 60 note 9 Kyrgyzstan 61 Laos Latvia Lebanon Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malawi 62 Malaysia 63 Maldives Malta 64 65 Mauritania Mauritius Mexico 66 Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Namibia 67 Nepal Netherlands 68 note 10 Nicaragua female only Nigeria North Macedonia Norway 69 Oman 70 Pakistan 71 Palau 72 Palestine 73 Panama Paraguay 74 Peru Philippines 75 Poland 76 note 11 Portugal Qatar Romania see Minimum legal ages in Romania Russia 77 note 12 Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis 78 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 79 Saudi Arabia 80 Senegal Seychelles Slovakia Slovenia Somalia South Africa 81 82 note 13 Spain 83 84 note 14 Sri Lanka 85 Sudan 86 Sweden 87 Switzerland 88 Syria 89 90 91 Serbia Taiwan 92 Tajikistan 93 Tanzania Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia 94 Turkey 95 Uganda 96 Ukraine 97 United Kingdom 98 England 98 Wales 98 Northern Ireland 99 Crown dependencies Isle of Man 100 Jersey 101 Guernsey 102 British Overseas Territories Gibraltar 103 United States 104 all states territories and Washington D C except for those listed below note 15 Uruguay Uzbekistan 106 Vatican City Venezuela Zimbabwe Age 19 Edit Algeria 107 Canada Nova Scotia New Brunswick British Columbia Newfoundland and Labrador Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut South Korea 108 United States Alabama 109 Nebraska 110 Age 20 Edit New Zealand 111 ThailandAge 21 and above Edit Bahrain 112 Cameroon 113 Chad Cote d Ivoire 114 Eswatini 112 Gabon 115 Grenada 116 Honduras 112 note 16 Kuwait 118 Lesotho 112 Madagascar 119 Nicaragua male only 120 Niger Puerto Rico 121 Samoa Singapore United Arab Emirates United States Mississippi 122 Zambia 62 Religious law EditReligions have their own rules as to the age of maturity when a child is regarded to be an adult at least for ritual purposes Islam Males are considered adults either at 15 years old or after first nocturnal emission growth of pubic hair while Females are considered adults either at 15 or after when they first menstruate growth of pubic hair nocturnal emission which usually takes place for females around 12 and males around 13 Both require a mental maturity to be attained for certain rituals such as marriage بلوغ النكاح Judaism The age of majority is 13 years for boys bar mitzvah and 12 years for girls bat mitzvah for religious purposes 123 However Jewish law follows the law of the land if there is a difference such as in marriage age Christianity only the Roman Catholic Church 18 years 124 Baha i Faith The spiritual age of maturity for every person born into a Baha i family is 15 At 15 the person is old enough to decide for themselves what religion they want to be so they could decide to stay a Baha i or choose a different path At this age Baha is are considered youth as opposed to children before 15 Baha i youth are 15 21 years old Once a Baha i turns 15 if they declare themselves a Baha i they are expected to recite a daily obligatory prayer and participate in the Fast 125 Baha is can vote in Baha i elections once they turn 18 recently changed from 21 126 Effects EditEnd of the parental authority and guardianship in some legal systems it causes the pre end of said institutions Right to be considered legally capable Right to freely manage and dispose of their goods buy and sell properties and sign rental contracts Right to inherit manage the inheritance and in countries where testaments exist the possibility of testament Right to receive bank credits and have bank accounts Right to demand public authority Possibility of being sued for not paying debts or other contracts Possibility of being a member of the jury in countries where trials use a jury Possibility of being sued for child support and medical bills due to the birth of a child 127 In some countries reaching the age of majority carries other rights and obligations although in other countries these rights and obligations may be had before or after reaching the aforementioned age Right to vote and to run for government office although in some countries the minimum voting age may be lower and in other countries there are age restrictions to be elected to certain public offices Right to drive a car it may vary in some countries with respect to the age of majority Right to drink alcoholic drinks use drugs like cocaine heroin or marijuana and to smoke In some countries the legal drinking age and the smoking age differ from the age of adulthood Right to buy and possess firearms or guns Right to work pursue trade profession or industry may vary in some countries with respect to the age of majority Right to freely leave the country in some European countries like Italy minors can leave the country unimpeded 128 In trials the possibility of being treated as an adult found guilty and sentenced to prison It may vary in some countries with respect to the age of majority See also EditAdultism Adolescence Age of candidacy Age of consent Age of criminal responsibility Capacity law Emancipation of minors Legal drinking age Legal smoking age Marriageable age Mature minor doctrine Secular coming of age ceremony Voting age Youth rights Youth suffrage YouthNotes Edit The age of majority is 15 Islamic lunar years for boys and nine lunar years for girls Amendments to existing laws have been drafted to raise majority age to 18 Currently however the body is considered to be developed and to have reached adulthood at age 15 in Yemen Article 25 Minor and adolescent minor is the person who has not turned eighteen This Code refers to the adolescent as the minor who turned thirteen years of age Article 24 The age of majority shall be 18 Those aged 16 or older can be emancipated upon marriage by being approved for civil service by graduating in college or for being economically independent 30 Majority An individual acquires full legal capacity upon reaching the age of majority The age of majority is reached upon reaching eighteen years of age Before reaching the age of majority full legal capacity is acquired by being granted legal capacity or by entering into marriage Legal capacity acquired by entering into marriage is not terminated upon termination or invalidation of marriage A minor is an individual of either sex who is not yet eighteen years old Iraq s Civil Code defines the age of majority as 18 however due to the Iraqi constitution and instability Note 1 above may apply as courts choose between Shari ah law and the Civil Code Constitution of Kenya Article 260 Adult means an individual who has attained the age of eighteen years child means an individual who has not attained the age of eighteen years Age of Majority Act 1977 Section 2 Age of majority A person shall be of full age and cease to be under any disability by reason of age on attaining the age of eighteen years Netherlands Or earlier upon marriage Poland Or upon marriage which for women can happen at 16 the earliest voting age is 18 always Minors are emancipated upon marriage or in case of working on a labour agreement or being engaged in business activities Children s Act 2005 Article 1 child means a person under the age of 18 years article 17 Age of majority A child whether male or female becomes a major upon reaching the age of 18 years Constitution article 12 Spaniards come legally of age at eighteen years Civil Code article 315 Legal age begins upon turning eighteen The date of birth shall be included in full for the calculation of legal age In Mississippi 18 is the age of majority for executors and administrators However in case letters testamentary or of administration shall be granted to any one under twenty one 21 years the bond executed by such person for the performance of the duties shall be as valid and binding as if such person were of full age By contrast any person between the ages of 18 and 20 is defined as a minor for trusts and estates and transfers to that person 105 In all states the legal drinking and smoking age is 21 In the light of article 16 of the Family Code which provides that majority is attained at the age of 21 years it may be inferred that the status of minor is retained in Honduras until the age of 21 According however to article 36 of the Constitution of Honduras all Hondurans over 18 years of age are citizens This means that the quality of citizen is attained while a person is still a minor thus involving the assumption of the status of minor adult The latter contracts all the obligations of persons of full age and acquires the specific rights that are reserved for such persons with a few exceptions 117 References Edit Senn David R Weems Richard A 22 January 2013 Manual of Forensic Odontology Fifth ed CRC Press p 212 ISBN 978 1 4398 5133 3 Cornick Matthew S 1995 Practical Guide to Family Law Cengage Learning p 229 ISBN 978 0 314 04451 8 When You Turn 18 A Survival Guide for Teenagers PDF The State Bar of California 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 25 March 2019 At what age can I Citizens Information Board Bord um Fhaisneis do Shaoranaigh BFS Dublin Archived from the original on 28 December 2010 Retrieved 12 January 2011 Constitution of the Portuguese Republic Seventh Revision PDF 2005 Archived from the original PDF on 22 October 2014 Stasiak Bethany 2002 Statutory and Judicial Emancipation of Minors in the United States PDF Northeastern University School of Law Shabbat 56 The William Davidson Talmud Sefaria Rand Ben Zion ed 1 May 2020 Eighteen and older only PDF Daf Yomi Digest No 119 Habsburg Legal Services 23 October 2020 Dutch Historical Age of Majority or Maturity Retrieved 27 December 2022 Eyben Emiel 1981 Was the Roman Youth an Adult socially L Antiquite Classique 50 328 350 doi 10 3406 antiq 1981 2015 Hamilton Vivian 2016 Adulthood in Law and Culture Tulane Law Review 91 55 97 via William amp Mary Law School James T E 1960 The Age of Majority The American Journal of Legal History 4 1 22 33 doi 10 2307 844549 JSTOR 844549 Scottish Independence Referendum Franchise Act 2013 repealed Scottish Elections Reduction of Voting Age Act 2015 Natasha 12 November 2021 Family Justice Council looks at lowering the age of majority in upcoming debate Researching Reform Retrieved 15 March 2022 a b Cuba Youth Policy country fact sheet Nizipli Sahra March 2020 Emancipation of minors Legal Information Institute Iran Youth Policy country fact sheet Indonesia Youth Policy country fact sheet Yemen Youth Policy country fact sheet Cambodia Youth Policy country fact sheet Myanmar Youth Policy country fact sheet Age of majority 12 November 2017 Vietnamese lawmakers vote to keep age of majority at 16 Thanh Nien 5 April 2016 North Korea Youth Policy country fact sheet Timor Leste Youth Policy country fact sheet Ligjet e Republikes se Shqiperise Civil Code of the Republic of Albania ligjet info in Albanian Archived from the original on 12 March 2014 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children PDF Arquivo pt in French Archived from the original PDF on 29 February 2008 Retrieved 29 February 2008 Age of Majority CAP 11 PDF Laws of Antigua and Barbuda Archived from the original PDF on 20 August 2018 Retrieved 5 May 2018 Roble Maria Rosa July 2016 Codigo Civil y Comercial de la Nacion PDF in Spanish 2nd ed ISBN 978 987 3720 13 0 Constitution of the Republic of Angola PDF Biblioteka Sejmowa 21 January 2010 Children s Rights Australia U S Library of Congress Section Who is a Child Allgemeines burgerliches Gesetzbuch General Civil Code PDF Youth Policy in German 2001 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Bahamas Interpol 2010 Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 9 June 2009 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Barbados Interpol 2010 Archived from the original on 27 September 2001 Retrieved 27 September 2001 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Belarus Interpol 2010 Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 9 June 2009 Code Civil Livre I Titre XI Article 488 De la majorite Index legislatif 19 January 1990 Retrieved 17 October 2020 Belize Minimum age at which an individual is legally entitled to vote consume alcohol engage in sexual activity obtain a passport without parental consent leave the country without parental consent contract marriage without parental consent age at which individuals become eligible for conscription punishment for statutory rape 1997 2000 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 20 March 2002 Retrieved 14 June 2018 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Bosnia and Herzegovina Interpol 2010 Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 9 June 2009 Clarke Stephen August 2007 Canada Children s Rights PDF Washington D C The Law Library of Congress pp 51 60 Children s Rights China Library of Congress Retrieved 18 November 2013 Age of Majority Related Provisions Ordinance Hong Kong e Legislation 1 October 1990 The New Civil Code of the Czech Republic Book One Title I Chapter 1 Section 30 Age of majority PDF Ministry of Justice 3 February 2012 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Denmark Interpol 2010 Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Retrieved 16 June 2009 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Djibouti Interpol in French 2010 Archived from the original on 29 June 2011 Ley No 136 03 Codigo para la proteccion de los derechos de los Ninos Ninas y Adolescentes Law No 136 03 Code for the protection of the rights of Boys Girls and Adolescents PDF Gaceta Oficial de Republica Dominicana in Spanish 7 August 2003 via Youth Policy Egyptian cabinet approves amendment to lower age of legal adulthood to 18 Ahram Online 15 January 2015 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices El Salvador U S Department of State 23 February 2000 Retrieved 1 June 2017 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Finland PDF Interpol 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 21 August 2007 Code Civil Livre Ier Titre X Article 388 De la minorite Legifrance in French 4 December 2013 2 Burgerliches Gesetzbuch BGB Greek Civil Code Ministry of Justice in Greek Archived from the original on 13 October 2014 Retrieved 9 March 2017 Guinea Bissau Country Profile Family Online Safety Institute Global Resource amp Information Directory Archived from the original on 8 January 2016 Retrieved 21 December 2014 The Indian Majority Act 1875 Indian Kanoon Stigall Dan E 2006 Iraqi Civil Law Its Sources Substance and Sundering PDF Journal of Transnational Law amp Policy Tallahassee Florida Florida State University College of Law 16 1 Archived from the original PDF on 10 June 2014 Age of Majority Act 1985 Irish Statute Book Oireachtas Retrieved 3 August 2010 Jozuka Emiko 15 June 2018 Japan lowers its age of adulthood to 18 CNN Retrieved 14 September 2019 Grazhdanskij kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan Obshaya chast prinyat Verhovnym Sovetom Respubliki Kazahstan 27 dekabrya 1994 goda s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami po sostoyaniyu na 02 04 2019 g Informacionnaya sistema PARAGRAF in Russian Archived from the original on 28 March 2020 Retrieved 30 April 2019 The Constitution of Kenya 2010 PDF Biblioteka Sejmowa Republic of Kenya Age of Majority Act 1977 Revised 2012 PDF Youth Policy Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Zharandyk Kodeksi minjust gov kg Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Yusticiya ministrligine Retrieved 12 February 2023 a b Chigunta Francis Schnurr Jamie James Wilson David Torres Veronica 2005 Being Real about Youth Entrepreneurship in Eastern and Southern Africa Implications for Adults Institutions and Sector Structures PDF International Labour Office p 3 Table 1 1 Retrieved 2 March 2012 Age of Majority Act 1971 The Commissioner of Law Revision Malaysia 22 April 1971 Retrieved 23 April 2018 National law and policies on minimum ages Malta APC org 2008 Archived from the original on 4 June 2015 Malta Civil Code Chapter 16 Title V Section 157 Of Minority Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs Archived from the original on 17 March 2015 Codigo Civil Federal Antes Codigo Civil Para el Distrito y Territorios Federales en Materia Comun y Para Toda la Republica en Materia Federal Federal Civil Code Before Civil Code for the District and Federal Territories in Common Matters and for All the Republic in Federal Matters Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico in Spanish Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 29 July 2014 Tjatjara Bernard 15 February 2019 Namibia Age of Majority Now 18 in Namibian Law AllAfrica Archived from the original on 3 February 2020 Dutch Civil Code Book 1 Article 1 233 Minors Dutch Civil Law Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention Section 57 PDF Committee on the Rights of the Child 12 October 1993 via Youth Policy Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Oman PDF Interpol 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2007 Amendment in the Majority Act 1875 PDF Law amp Justice Commission of Pakistan Palau Consolidated Legislation 21 PNC 105 Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute Palestine Youth Policy country fact sheet Ley Nº 2169 Establece La Mayoria de Edad Biblioteca y Archivo del Congreso de la Nacion in Spanish Archived from the original on 15 September 2019 Retrieved 7 May 2019 Republic Act No 6809 An Act Lowering the Age of Majority From Twenty One to Eighteen Years Chan Robles Virtual Law Library 13 December 1989 Age of Sexual Consent Poland AgeOfConsent com Archived from the original on 6 August 2012 Retrieved 21 August 2012 Civil Code of the Russian Federation Part I Section I Subsection 2 Chapter 3 Article 21 The Active Capacity of the Citizen Russian civil code com Retrieved 29 September 2011 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Saint Kitts amp Nevis PDF Interpol 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2007 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Youth Policy country fact sheet Age of adulthood raised to 18 Arab News 26 November 2008 Retrieved 15 January 2021 Carina You and Your Rights Turning 18 Black Sash Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 28 July 2015 Children s Act 38 of 2005 PDF Health Professions Council of South Africa Archived from the original PDF on 27 August 2018 Retrieved 26 May 2018 Constitution of Spain 1978 PDF Biblioteka Sejmowa Spanish Civil Code PDF Ministry of Justice 2009 via Youth Policy Age of Majority in Sri Lanka Lawnet lk Archived from the original on 11 January 2012 Retrieved 29 September 2011 Iran Saudi Arabia Sudan End Juvenile Death Penalty Human Rights Watch 8 October 2010 Retrieved 29 September 2011 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Sweden PDF Interpol 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2007 Swiss Civil Code of 10 December 1907 PDF Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation via Youth Policy القانون رقم 4 لعام 2019 القاضي بتعديل بعض مواد قانون الأحوال الشخصية الصادر بالمرسوم التشريعي رقم 59 لعام 1953وتعديلاته بوابة الحكومة الإلكترونية السورية الحكومة الإلكترونية السورية Retrieved 20 January 2021 قانون 20 المتضمن تعديل بعض المواد من قانون الأحوال الشخصية السوري Presidency of the Council of Ministries القانون 59 لعام 1953 قانون الأحوال الشخصية مجلس الشعب السوري Taiwan lowers age of majority to 18 Taiwan News Retrieved 6 September 2021 Tajikistan Youth Policy country fact sheet Tunisie la majorite civile est desormais de 18 ans Retrieved 28 July 2015 Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Turkey PDF Interpol 2006 Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2007 3 State Party Reports Uganda UNICEF Retrieved 12 September 2016 Ukraine Age of Consent to Sexual Activity AgeOfConsent com Archived from the original on 29 August 2012 Retrieved 21 August 2012 a b c Family Law Reform Act 1969 Gov uk 25 July 1969 Retrieved 9 January 2015 Age of Majority Act Northern Ireland 1969 Legislation gov uk 26 May 2011 Retrieved 29 September 2011 Proceedings PDF House of Keys Official Report 123 14 694 7 March 2006 ISSN 1742 2264 Archived from the original PDF on 24 March 2012 Age of Majority Jersey Law 1999 Jersey Legal Information Board Archived from the original on 10 November 2013 The Age of Majority Alderney Law 2001 Guernsey Legal Resources Minors Act 1962 PDF Gibraltar Laws Archived from the original PDF on 8 October 2016 Retrieved 26 July 2016 Age of Majority US Legal Retrieved 16 February 2012 Mississippi Age of Majority Law US Legal Retrieved 28 July 2015 Uzbekistan Youth Policy country fact sheet Retrieved 27 November 2017 Guide du passager Direction Generale de Surete Nationale in French 2006 Archived from the original on 12 March 2012 Civil Code of the Republic of Korea Legal Knowledge Information System in Korean Archived from the original on 11 July 2012 Alabama Code Title 26 Chapter 1 Section 26 1 1 Justia 22 July 1975 Retrieved 29 September 2011 Nebraska Age of Majority Law US Legal Retrieved 16 February 2012 Age of Majority Act 1970 s 4 New Zealand Legislation 2 December 1970 Retrieved 26 May 2021 a b c d Legislation of Interpol member states on sexual offences against children Interpol 31 January 2011 Archived from the original on 1 October 2001 Retrieved 11 April 2012 Cameroon Youth Policy country fact sheet Ivory Coast Youth Policy country fact sheet Gabon Youth Policy country fact sheet Grenada Youth Policy country fact sheet State Party Reports Definition Of The Child UNICEF 20 February 1998 Kuwait Youth Policy country fact sheet Ordonnance 62 041 du 19 septembre 1962 relative aux dispositions generales de droit interne et de droit international prive Organisation internationale de la francophonie in French 19 September 1962 Archived from the original on 27 December 2008 Codigo civil de la Republica de Nicaragua Civil code of the Republic of Nicaragua 2019 ISLAND RETURNS ADULT AGE TO 21 Orlando Sentinel 19 August 2001 Officials announced last week that Gov Sila Calderon has signed a law that raises the age of majority to 21 less than a year after it was lowered to 18 under former Gov Pedro Rossello Puerto Ricans who are 18 to 20 years old have until Oct 15 to declare themselves emancipated adults or they will become minors again Secretary of State Ferdinand Mercado said Title 1 Chapter 3 Section 1 3 27 2018 Mississippi Code The age requirement for Bar Bat mitzvah My Jewish Learning CIC can 97 1 Code of Canon Law CIC can 97 1 Codex Iuris Canonici in Latin 1983 11 April 1985 To an individual Baha i Reference Library www bahai org Riḍvan 2021 To the Baha is of the World Baha i Reference Library www bahai org Legal Rights and Responsibilities Manual PDF Retrieved 28 January 2012 Travel documents for minors Your Europe Citizens Retrieved 14 January 2020 External links Edit Age of majority Merriam Webster Dictionary Age of Majority by State as of 2021 Policygenius Age of Majority by State in 2022 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Age of majority 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