The Mbugu people speak two divergent registers, which have been treated as separate languages by some authorities (e.g. Tucker and Bryan): Mbugu or "Normal Mbugu" (autonym kiMbugu) is purely Bantu, with vocabulary closely related to Pare, while Maʼa or "Inner Mbugu" (autonym kiMaʼa) consists of an inherited Cushitic vocabulary with Bantu morphology similar to that of Shambala and Pare. They share a grammar, to the point that their syntax is identical and a passage in one can be translated to the other simply by changing the content words.[3]
The Cushitic element was identified as South Cushitic by Ehret. However, Kießling (2001) notes a large East Cushitic admixture.[4] Mous presents the Cushitic element as a register of a Bantu language, and identifies it as largely East Cushitic rather than South Cushitic.[5]
Normal Mbugu distinguishes 29 consonants. Inner Mbugu distinguishes an additional four: /ʔ ɬ x ŋ̊x/, for a total of 33. The table below displays the consonants of Mbugu in IPA format, along with Mous' (1995) practical orthography in angle brackets where it differs from IPA.
Three tones are distinguished in Mbugu: high, low, and falling. Low tone is default (unmarked). High tone is represented with an acute accent ⟨á⟩, while falling tone is represented with the sequence ⟨áa⟩.
Tosco, Mauro. 2000. 'Cushitic Overview.' Journal of Ethiopian Studies 33(2):87-121.
Mbugu language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
April 18, 2024
mbugu, language, maʼa, bantu, language, tanzania, mbugukimbugunative, totanzaniaregionusambara, mountainsethnicity32, native, speakers, cited, 1997, language, familyniger, congo, atlantic, congovolta, congobenue, congobantoidsouthern, bantoidbantunortheast, ba. Maʼa is a Bantu language of Tanzania MbuguKimbuguNative toTanzaniaRegionUsambara MountainsEthnicity32 000 1 Native speakers 7 000 cited 1997 1 Language familyNiger Congo Atlantic CongoVolta CongoBenue CongoBantoidSouthern BantoidBantuNortheast BantuNortheast Coast BantuPare TavetaPareicMbuguLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code mhd class extiw title iso639 3 mhd mhd a Glottologmbug1240Guthrie codeG 221 2 MaʼaKimaʼaNative toTanzaniaRegionUsambara MountainsLanguage familymixed Cushitic PareLanguage codesISO 639 3None mis GlottologNoneGuthrie codeG 20A 2 ELPMbuguThe Mbugu people speak two divergent registers which have been treated as separate languages by some authorities e g Tucker and Bryan Mbugu or Normal Mbugu autonym kiMbugu is purely Bantu with vocabulary closely related to Pare while Maʼa or Inner Mbugu autonym kiMaʼa consists of an inherited Cushitic vocabulary with Bantu morphology similar to that of Shambala and Pare They share a grammar to the point that their syntax is identical and a passage in one can be translated to the other simply by changing the content words 3 The Cushitic element was identified as South Cushitic by Ehret However Kiessling 2001 notes a large East Cushitic admixture 4 Mous presents the Cushitic element as a register of a Bantu language and identifies it as largely East Cushitic rather than South Cushitic 5 Contents 1 Phonology 1 1 Consonants 1 2 Vowels 1 3 Tone 2 References 3 Further readingPhonology editConsonants edit Normal Mbugu distinguishes 29 consonants Inner Mbugu distinguishes an additional four ʔ ɬ x ŋ x for a total of 33 The table below displays the consonants of Mbugu in IPA format along with Mous 1995 practical orthography in angle brackets where it differs from IPA Table of Mbugu consonants Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottalcentral lateralNasal m n ɲ ny ŋPlosive voiceless p t c ch k ʔ a implosive b d ɟ j gPrenasalizedplosive voiceless ᵐ p mhp ⁿ t nht ᵑ k nhk voiced ᵐb mb ⁿd nd ᵑɡ ng Fricative voiceless f s ɬ hl a c sh x a hvoiced v z ɣ gh prenasalized ᵑ x nhx a Sonorant r l j y w a b c d Only occurring in Inner Mbugu Vowels edit Both registers of Mbugu distinguish five vowels Front BackHigh i uMid e oLow aTone edit Three tones are distinguished in Mbugu high low and falling Low tone is default unmarked High tone is represented with an acute accent a while falling tone is represented with the sequence aa References edit a b Mbugu at Ethnologue 25th ed 2022 nbsp a b Jouni Filip Maho 2009 New Updated Guthrie List Online Mous Maarten 2003 The Making of a Mixed Language the case of Maʼa Mbugu Amsterdam J Benjamins Pub Co Roland Kiessling South Cushitic links to East Cushitic in Zaborski ed 2001 New Data and New Methods in Afroasiatic Linguistics Blench 2006 Classification of Afroasiatic ms Further reading editTosco Mauro 2000 Cushitic Overview Journal of Ethiopian Studies 33 2 87 121 nbsp Mbugu language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mbugu language amp oldid 1211589673, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
