The Atlantic–Congo languages are the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa. They have characteristic noun class systems and form the core of the Niger–Congo family hypothesis. They comprise all of Niger–Congo apart from Mande, Dogon, Ijoid, Siamou, Kru, the Katla and Rashad languages (previously classified as Kordofanian), and perhaps some or all of the Ubangian languages. Hans Günther Mukarovsky [de]'s "Western Nigritic" corresponded roughly to modern Atlantic–Congo.[1]
The Atlantic–Congo languages shown within the Niger–Congo language family. Non-Atlantic–Congo languages are greyscale.
In the infobox, the languages which appear to be the most divergent are placed at the top.[2] The Atlantic branch is defined in the narrow sense, while the former Atlantic branches Mel and the isolates Sua, Gola and Limba, are split out as primary branches; they are mentioned next to each other because there is no published evidence to move them; Volta–Congo is intact apart from Senufo and Kru.
In addition, Güldemann (2018) lists Nalu and Rio Nunez as unclassified languages within Niger-Congo.[3]
There are a few poorly attested languages, such as Bayot and Bung, which may prove to be additional branches.[citation needed]
Comparative vocabulary
Sample basic vocabulary for reconstructed proto-languages of different Atlantic-Congo branches:
^Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN978-3-11-042606-9.
^Mukarovsky, Hans. 1976. A study of Western Nigritic, vol. 1. Wien: Institut für Ägyptologie und Afrikanistik, Universität Wien.
^de wolf, Paul. 1971. The Noun-Class System of Proto-Benue-Congo. Janua Linguarum. Series Practica 167. The Hague: Mouton.
^Schadeberg, Thilo C. 2003. Historical linguistics. In Derek Nurse and Gérard Philippson (eds.), The Bantu languages. (Routledge language family series 4. New York: Routledge. ISBN978-0-700-71134-5
^Aubry, N., H. Friedman & K. Pozdniakov. 2004. Proto-Yoruba-Igala Swadesh list. Manuscript. Paris: Langage, Langues et Cultures d’Afrique (LLACAN), Centre National de la Récherche Sciéntifique (CNRS).
^Capo, Hounkpati B.C. 1991. A Comparative Phonology of Gbe. Publications in African Languages and Linguistics, 14. Berlin/New York: Foris Publications & Garome, Bénin: Labo Gbe (Int).
^Manessy, Gabriel. 1979. Contribution à la Classification Généalogique des Langues Voltaïques. (Langues et Civilisations à Tradition Orale, 37.) Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
^Moñino, Yves. 1988. Lexique comparatif des langues oubanguiennes. Paris: Geuthner.
atlantic, congo, languages, largest, demonstrated, family, languages, africa, they, have, characteristic, noun, class, systems, form, core, niger, congo, family, hypothesis, they, comprise, niger, congo, apart, from, mande, dogon, ijoid, siamou, katla, rashad,. The Atlantic Congo languages are the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa They have characteristic noun class systems and form the core of the Niger Congo family hypothesis They comprise all of Niger Congo apart from Mande Dogon Ijoid Siamou Kru the Katla and Rashad languages previously classified as Kordofanian and perhaps some or all of the Ubangian languages Hans Gunther Mukarovsky de s Western Nigritic corresponded roughly to modern Atlantic Congo 1 Atlantic CongoGeographicdistributionAfricaLinguistic classificationNiger Congo Atlantic CongoSubdivisionsTalodi Heiban Kordofanian Senegambian Nalu Rio Nunez Mel Sua Gola Volta CongoISO 639 5alvGlottologatla1278The Atlantic Congo languages shown within the Niger Congo language family Non Atlantic Congo languages are greyscale In the infobox the languages which appear to be the most divergent are placed at the top 2 The Atlantic branch is defined in the narrow sense while the former Atlantic branches Mel and the isolates Sua Gola and Limba are split out as primary branches they are mentioned next to each other because there is no published evidence to move them Volta Congo is intact apart from Senufo and Kru In addition Guldemann 2018 lists Nalu and Rio Nunez as unclassified languages within Niger Congo 3 There are a few poorly attested languages such as Bayot and Bung which may prove to be additional branches citation needed Comparative vocabulary EditSample basic vocabulary for reconstructed proto languages of different Atlantic Congo branches Branch Language eye ear nose tooth tongue mouth blood bone tree water eat name Western Nigritic roughly Atlantic Congo Proto Western Nigritic 4 nin ninu thui thu mil mila nin nighin lima liami lelum lum niana niuna nua ghia kal khwupa ti lingi di ghinaBenue Congo Proto Benue Congo 5 lito tuŋi zua nini nino sana gaŋgo lemi lake zi luŋ kupe titi kwon izi ni zinaBantu Proto Bantu 6 i jico kʊ tʊ i i jʊ lʊ i jino i gego lʊ lɪ mi ka nʊa mʊ lomo ma gila gil a ma gadi gadi mʊ lopa ma ɲinga i kupa mʊ tɪ ma jijɪ i diba HH lɪ a i jinaYoruboid Proto Yoruboid language 7 e ju e ti imṵ eŋḭ Yor aha ɛ lṵ ɛ gyɛ egbṵ gbṵ Yor igi o mḭ jɛṵ oru Gbe Proto Gbe 8 to aɖu ɖɛ ɖũ ɖũkpa ʁʷũ xʷu tĩ tsĩ ɖu yĩ kɔ Gur Proto Central Gur 9 me Oti Volta Gurunsi ye Gurunsi Kurumfe nam nim Oti Volta Kurumfe ʔob ʔo tɪ Oti Volta Gurunsi ni ne na Oti Volta Gurunsi di yɪɗ yɪd Oti Volta Gurunsi Gbaya Proto Gbaya 10 gba l i l i zɛ ra zɔ p ɲin leɓe lembe nu tɔ k gba la l i te ɲɔŋ l i l in l iŋReferences Edit Mukarovsky Hans 1976 1977 A study of Western Nigritic 2 vols Wien Institut fur Agyptologie und Afrikanistik Universitat Wien Blench Roger Niger Congo an alternative view Guldemann Tom 2018 Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa In Guldemann Tom ed The Languages and Linguistics of Africa The World of Linguistics series Vol 11 Berlin De Gruyter Mouton pp 58 444 doi 10 1515 9783110421668 002 ISBN 978 3 11 042606 9 Mukarovsky Hans 1976 A study of Western Nigritic vol 1 Wien Institut fur Agyptologie und Afrikanistik Universitat Wien de wolf Paul 1971 The Noun Class System of Proto Benue Congo Janua Linguarum Series Practica 167 The Hague Mouton Schadeberg Thilo C 2003 Historical linguistics In Derek Nurse and Gerard Philippson eds The Bantu languages Routledge language family series 4 New York Routledge ISBN 978 0 700 71134 5 Aubry N H Friedman amp K Pozdniakov 2004 Proto Yoruba Igala Swadesh list Manuscript Paris Langage Langues et Cultures d Afrique LLACAN Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS Capo Hounkpati B C 1991 A Comparative Phonology of Gbe Publications in African Languages and Linguistics 14 Berlin New York Foris Publications amp Garome Benin Labo Gbe Int Manessy Gabriel 1979 Contribution a la Classification Genealogique des Langues Voltaiques Langues et Civilisations a Tradition Orale 37 Paris Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Monino Yves 1988 Lexique comparatif des langues oubanguiennes Paris Geuthner This article about Atlantic Congo languages is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Atlantic Congo languages amp oldid 1139047558, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
