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List of prominent operas

February 15, 2024

Since the origins of opera in late 16th century Italy, a central repertoire has developed, shepherded by major opera composers. The earliest major opera composer is generally considered to be Claudio Monteverdi,[1] who wrote the first prominent opera, L'Orfeo, followed by two others. Throughout the later 17th century, his successor Francesco Cavalli and the Englishman Henry Purcell wrote numerous prominent operas. The early 18th century was dominated by the operas of George Frideric Handel, while other important works include Pepusch's The Beggar's Opera, Pergolesi's' La serva padrona, and various works by Jean-Philippe Rameau.

This list provides a guide to the most prominent operas, as determined by their presence on a majority of selected compiled lists, which date from between 1984 and 2000. The operas included cover all important genres, and include all operas regularly performed today, from seventeenth-century works to late twentieth-century operas. The brief accompanying notes offer an explanation as to why each opera has been considered important. The organisation of the list is by year of first performance, or, if this was long after the composer's death, approximate date of composition.

1600–1699 edit

 
Claudio Monteverdi by Bernardo Strozzi, 1640
  • 1607 L'Orfeo (Claudio Monteverdi). Widely regarded as the first operatic masterwork.[2]
  • 1640 Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria (Monteverdi). Monteverdi's first opera for Venice, based on Homer's Odyssey, displays the composer's mastery of portrayal of genuine individuals as opposed to stereotypes.[3]
  • 1642 L'incoronazione di Poppea (Monteverdi). Monteverdi's last opera, composed for a Venetian audience, is often performed today. Its Venetian context helps to explain the complete absence of the moralizing tone often associated with opera of this time.[4]
  • 1644 Ormindo (Francesco Cavalli). One of the first of Cavalli's operas to be revived in the 20th century, Ormindo is considered one of his more attractive works.[5]
  • 1649 Giasone (Cavalli). In Giasone Cavalli, for the first time, separated aria and recitative.[6] Giasone was the most popular opera of the 17th century.[7]
  • 1651 La Calisto (Cavalli). Ninth of the eleven operas that Cavalli wrote with Faustini is noted for its satire of the deities of classical mythology.[8]
  • 1683 Dido and Aeneas (Henry Purcell). Often considered to be the first genuine English-language operatic masterwork. Not first performed in 1689 at a girls' school, as is commonly believed, but at Charles II's court in 1683.[9]
  • 1692 The Fairy-Queen (Purcell). A semi-opera rather than a genuine opera, this is often thought to be Purcell's finest dramatic work.[10]

1700–1749 edit

 
George Frideric Handel by Balthasar Denner, 1733
  • 1710 Agrippina (Handel). Handel's last opera that he composed in Italy was a great success,[11] and established his reputation as a composer of Italian opera.[12]
  • 1711 Rinaldo (Handel). Handel's first opera for the London stage was also the first all-Italian opera performed on the London stage.[13]
  • 1724 Giulio Cesare (Handel). Noted for the richness of its orchestration.[14]
  • 1724 Tamerlano (Handel).[15] Described by Anthony Hicks, writing in Grove Music Online, as possessing a "taut dramatic power".[16]
  • 1725 Rodelinda (Handel). Rodelinda is often praised[by whom?] for the fullness of the melodic writing among Handel's output.[17]
  • 1728 The Beggar's Opera (Johann Christoph Pepusch). A satire of Italian opera seria based on a play by John Gay, the ballad opera format of The Beggar's Opera has proved popular even up to the current time.[18]
  • 1731 Acis and Galatea (Handel). Handel's only work for the theatre that is set to an English libretto.[19]
  • 1733 Orlando (Handel).[20] An opera that is described by Anthony Hicks as "remarkable"[16] and by Orrey as one of Handel's "best works".[19]
  • 1733 La serva padrona (Giovanni Battista Pergolesi). Became a model for many of the opera buffas that followed it, including those of Mozart.[21]
  • 1733 Hippolyte et Aricie (Jean-Philippe Rameau). Rameau's first opera caused great controversy at its premiere.[22]
  • 1735 Ariodante (Handel). Both this opera and Alcina enjoy high critical reputations today.[23]
  • 1735 Alcina (Handel). Both this work and Ariodante were part of Handel's first opera season at Covent Garden.[24]
  • 1735 Les Indes galantes (Rameau). In this work Rameau added emotional depth and power to the traditionally lighter form of opéra-ballet.[25]
  • 1737 Castor et Pollux (Rameau). Initially only a moderate success, when it was revived in 1754 Castor et Pollux was regarded as Rameau's finest achievement.[26]
  • 1738 Serse (Handel). Deviation from the usual model of opera seria, Serse contains many comic elements rare in Handel's other works.[27]
  • 1740 Alfred (Thomas Arne). An English opera of all times, famous for the patriotic song "Rule Britannia".
  • 1744 Semele (Handel). Originally performed as an oratorio, Semele's dramatic qualities have often led to the work being performed on the opera stage in modern times.[28]
  • 1745 Platée (Rameau). Rameau's most famous comic opera. Originally a court entertainment, a 1754 revival proved extremely popular with French audiences.[29]

1750–1799 edit

 
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart aged 21 in 1777

1800–1832 edit

 
Gioachino Rossini

1833–1849 edit

 
Gaetano Donizetti

1850–1875 edit

 
Richard Wagner

1876–1899 edit

 
Giuseppe Verdi by Giovanni Boldini, 1886

1900–1920 edit

 
Richard Strauss

1921–1944 edit

 
Giacomo Puccini

1945–1964 edit

 
Benjamin Britten

1965–1999 edit

 
Harrison Birtwistle

Significant firsts in opera history edit

Operas not included in the above list, but which were important milestones in operatic history.

Lists consulted edit

This list was compiled by consulting nine lists of great operas, created by recognized authorities in the field of opera, and selecting all of the operas which appeared on at least five of these (i.e. all operas on a majority of the lists). The lists used were:

  1. "A–Z of Opera by Keith Anderson, Naxos, 2000".
  2. "The Standard Repertoire of Grand Opera 1607–1969", a list included in Norman Davies's Europe: a History (Oxford University Press, 1996; paperback edition Pimlico, 1997). ISBN 0-7126-6633-8.
  3. Operas appearing in the chronology by Mary Ann Smart in The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera (Oxford University Press, 1994). ISBN 0-19-816282-0.
  4. Operas with entries in The New Kobbé's Opera Book, ed. Lord Harewood (Putnam, 9th ed., 1997). ISBN 0-370-10020-4
  5. Table of Contents of The Rough Guide to Opera. by Matthew Boyden. (2002 edition). ISBN 1-85828-749-9.
  6. Operas with entries in The Metropolitan Opera Guide to Recorded Opera ed. Paul Gruber (Thames and Hudson, 1993). ISBN 0-393-03444-5 and/or Metropolitan Opera Stories of the Great Operas ed. John W Freeman (Norton, 1984). ISBN 0-393-01888-1
  7. List of operas and their composers in Who's Who in British Opera ed. Nicky Adam (Scolar Press, 1993). ISBN 0-85967-894-6
  8. Entries for individual operas in Warrack, John; West, Ewan (1992). The Oxford Dictionary of Opera. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-869164-8.
  9. Entries for individual operas in Who's Who in Opera: a guide to opera characters by Joyce Bourne (Oxford University Press, 1998). ISBN 0-19-210023-8

Operas included in all nine lists edit

The 93 operas included in all nine lists cited are:

See also edit

References edit

Citations edit

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  4. ^ Ellen Rosand (2002) [1992]. "Incoronazione di Poppea, L'". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O902316.
  5. ^ Ellen Rosand (2002) [1992]. "Ormindo". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O004544.
  6. ^ Ellen Rosand (2002) [1992]. "Giasone". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O003539.
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  13. ^ Anthony Hicks (2002) [1992]. "Rinaldo". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O004199.
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  248. ^ Curtis Price (2002) [1992]. "Venus and Adonis (i)". Grove Music Online. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O905445.
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Sources edit

Further reading edit

  • Boyden, Matthew; et al. (1997). Jonathan Buckley (ed.). Opera, the Rough Guide. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-85828-138-4.

February 15, 2024
list, prominent, operas, since, origins, opera, late, 16th, century, italy, central, repertoire, developed, shepherded, major, opera, composers, earliest, major, opera, composer, generally, considered, claudio, monteverdi, wrote, first, prominent, opera, orfeo. Since the origins of opera in late 16th century Italy a central repertoire has developed shepherded by major opera composers The earliest major opera composer is generally considered to be Claudio Monteverdi 1 who wrote the first prominent opera L Orfeo followed by two others Throughout the later 17th century his successor Francesco Cavalli and the Englishman Henry Purcell wrote numerous prominent operas The early 18th century was dominated by the operas of George Frideric Handel while other important works include Pepusch s The Beggar s Opera Pergolesi s La serva padrona and various works by Jean Philippe Rameau This list provides a guide to the most prominent operas as determined by their presence on a majority of selected compiled lists which date from between 1984 and 2000 The operas included cover all important genres and include all operas regularly performed today from seventeenth century works to late twentieth century operas The brief accompanying notes offer an explanation as to why each opera has been considered important The organisation of the list is by year of first performance or if this was long after the composer s death approximate date of composition Contents 1 1600 1699 2 1700 1749 3 1750 1799 4 1800 1832 5 1833 1849 6 1850 1875 7 1876 1899 8 1900 1920 9 1921 1944 10 1945 1964 11 1965 1999 12 Significant firsts in opera history 13 Lists consulted 13 1 Operas included in all nine lists 14 See also 15 References 15 1 Citations 15 2 Sources 16 Further reading1600 1699 edit nbsp Claudio Monteverdi by Bernardo Strozzi 16401607 L Orfeo Claudio Monteverdi Widely regarded as the first operatic masterwork 2 1640 Il ritorno d Ulisse in patria Monteverdi Monteverdi s first opera for Venice based on Homer s Odyssey displays the composer s mastery of portrayal of genuine individuals as opposed to stereotypes 3 1642 L incoronazione di Poppea Monteverdi Monteverdi s last opera composed for a Venetian audience is often performed today Its Venetian context helps to explain the complete absence of the moralizing tone often associated with opera of this time 4 1644 Ormindo Francesco Cavalli One of the first of Cavalli s operas to be revived in the 20th century Ormindo is considered one of his more attractive works 5 1649 Giasone Cavalli In Giasone Cavalli for the first time separated aria and recitative 6 Giasone was the most popular opera of the 17th century 7 1651 La Calisto Cavalli Ninth of the eleven operas that Cavalli wrote with Faustini is noted for its satire of the deities of classical mythology 8 1683 Dido and Aeneas Henry Purcell Often considered to be the first genuine English language operatic masterwork Not first performed in 1689 at a girls school as is commonly believed but at Charles II s court in 1683 9 1692 The Fairy Queen Purcell A semi opera rather than a genuine opera this is often thought to be Purcell s finest dramatic work 10 1700 1749 edit nbsp George Frideric Handel by Balthasar Denner 17331710 Agrippina Handel Handel s last opera that he composed in Italy was a great success 11 and established his reputation as a composer of Italian opera 12 1711 Rinaldo Handel Handel s first opera for the London stage was also the first all Italian opera performed on the London stage 13 1724 Giulio Cesare Handel Noted for the richness of its orchestration 14 1724 Tamerlano Handel 15 Described by Anthony Hicks writing in Grove Music Online as possessing a taut dramatic power 16 1725 Rodelinda Handel Rodelinda is often praised by whom for the fullness of the melodic writing among Handel s output 17 1728 The Beggar s Opera Johann Christoph Pepusch A satire of Italian opera seria based on a play by John Gay the ballad opera format of The Beggar s Opera has proved popular even up to the current time 18 1731 Acis and Galatea Handel Handel s only work for the theatre that is set to an English libretto 19 1733 Orlando Handel 20 An opera that is described by Anthony Hicks as remarkable 16 and by Orrey as one of Handel s best works 19 1733 La serva padrona Giovanni Battista Pergolesi Became a model for many of the opera buffas that followed it including those of Mozart 21 1733 Hippolyte et Aricie Jean Philippe Rameau Rameau s first opera caused great controversy at its premiere 22 1735 Ariodante Handel Both this opera and Alcina enjoy high critical reputations today 23 1735 Alcina Handel Both this work and Ariodante were part of Handel s first opera season at Covent Garden 24 1735 Les Indes galantes Rameau In this work Rameau added emotional depth and power to the traditionally lighter form of opera ballet 25 1737 Castor et Pollux Rameau Initially only a moderate success when it was revived in 1754 Castor et Pollux was regarded as Rameau s finest achievement 26 1738 Serse Handel Deviation from the usual model of opera seria Serse contains many comic elements rare in Handel s other works 27 1740 Alfred Thomas Arne An English opera of all times famous for the patriotic song Rule Britannia 1744 Semele Handel Originally performed as an oratorio Semele s dramatic qualities have often led to the work being performed on the opera stage in modern times 28 1745 Platee Rameau Rameau s most famous comic opera Originally a court entertainment a 1754 revival proved extremely popular with French audiences 29 1750 1799 edit nbsp Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart aged 21 in 17771760 La buona figliuola Niccolo Piccinni Piccinni s work was initially immensely popular throughout Europe By 1790 over 70 productions of the opera had been produced and it had been performed in all the major European cities 30 1762 Orfeo ed Euridice Christoph Willibald Gluck Gluck s most popular opera The first work in which the composer tried to reform the excesses of Italian opera seria 31 1762 Artaxerxes Thomas Arne The first opera seria in English After Metastasio s 1729 libretto Artaserse 1767 Alceste Gluck Gluck s second reform opera nowadays usually given in its French revision of 1776 32 1768 Bastien und Bastienne Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Mozart s one act Singspiel was set to a parody of Rousseau s Le devin du village 33 1770 Mitridate re di Ponto Mozart Composed when Mozart was 14 Mitridate was written for a demanding cast of star singers 33 1772 Lucio Silla Mozart from Mozart s teenage years was not revived until 1929 after its initial run of 25 performances 33 1774 Iphigenie en Aulide Gluck Gluck s first opera for Paris 34 1775 La finta giardiniera Mozart Generally recognised as Mozart s first opera buffa of significance 33 1775 Il re pastore Mozart Mozart s last opera of his adolescence was set to a libretto by Metastasio 33 1777 Il mondo della luna Joseph Haydn Last of three that Haydn set to libretti by Carlo Goldoni 35 1777 Armide Gluck Gluck used a libretto originally set by Lully for this French work his favourite among his own operas 36 1779 Iphigenie en Tauride Gluck Gluck s last and perhaps greatest masterpiece 37 1781 Idomeneo Mozart Usually thought of as Mozart s first mature opera Idomeneo was composed after a lengthy break from the stage 38 1782 Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail Mozart Often thought of as the first of Mozart s comic masterpieces this work is frequently performed today 39 1782 Il barbiere di Siviglia Giovanni Paisiello Paisiello s most famous comic opera later eclipsed by Rossini s work of the same name 40 1786 Der Schauspieldirektor Mozart Another Singspiel with much spoken dialogue taken from plays of that time the plot of Der Schauspieldirektor features two sopranos vying to become prima donna in a newly assembled company Premiered together with Antonio Salieri s Prima la musica e poi le parole 33 1786 Le nozze di Figaro Mozart The first of the famous series of Mozart operas set to libretti by Lorenzo Da Ponte is now Mozart s most popular opera 33 1787 Don Giovanni Mozart Second of the operas that Mozart set to Da Ponte s libretti Don Giovanni has provided a puzzle for writers and philosophers ever since its composition 33 1790 Cosi fan tutte Mozart Third and last of the operas that Mozart set to libretti by Da Ponte Cosi fan tutte was scarcely performed throughout the 19th century as the plot was considered to be immoral 41 1791 La clemenza di Tito Mozart Mozart s last opera before his early death was extremely popular until 1830 after which the work s popularity and critical reputation began to decline they did not return to their former levels until after the Second World War 33 1791 Die Zauberflote Mozart Has been described as the apotheosis of the Singspiel Die Zauberflote was denigrated during the 19th century as confused and lacking in definition 39 1792 Il matrimonio segreto Domenico Cimarosa Usually regarded as Cimarosa s best opera 42 Leopold II enjoyed the three hour long premiere so much that after dinner he compelled the singers to repeat the opera later during that same day 43 1797 Medee Luigi Cherubini Only French opera of the Revolutionary period to be regularly performed today A famous showcase for sopranos such as Maria Callas 44 1800 1832 edit nbsp Gioachino Rossini1805 Fidelio Ludwig van Beethoven Beethoven s only opera was inspired by the composer s passion for political liberty 45 1807 La vestale Gaspare Spontini Spontini s opera about a vestal virgin in love was a great influence on Berlioz and a forerunner of French grand opera 46 1812 La scala di seta Gioachino Rossini An early Rossini work this opera is outright farsa comica 47 1813 L italiana in Algeri Rossini This opera is described by Richard Osborne writing in Grove Music Online as Rossini s first buffo masterpiece in the fully fledged two act form 47 1813 Tancredi Rossini This melodramma eroico was described by poet Giuseppe Carpani thus It is cantilena and always cantilena beautiful cantilena new cantilena magic cantilena rare cantilena 47 1814 Il turco in Italia Rossini This opera stands out among Rossini s output for its frequent ensembles and absence of aria 47 1816 Il barbiere di Siviglia Rossini This work has become Rossini s most popular opera buffa 47 1816 Otello Rossini The composer Giacomo Meyerbeer described the third act of Otello thus The third act of Otello established its reputation so firmly that a thousand errors could not shake it 47 1817 La Cenerentola Rossini Rossini s comedy was composed in just over three weeks 48 1817 La gazza ladra Rossini In this opera Rossini drew upon French rescue opera 47 1818 Mose in Egitto Rossini This work was originally conceived of as a sacred drama suitable for performance during Lent 47 1819 La donna del lago Rossini Another Romantic era opera inspired by the works of Sir Walter Scott 47 1821 Der Freischutz Carl Maria von Weber Weber s masterpiece was the first great German Romantic opera 49 1823 Euryanthe von Weber Despite its weak libretto Euryanthe had a great influence on later German operas including Wagner s Lohengrin 50 1823 Semiramide Rossini This is the last opera that Rossini composed in Italy 51 1825 La dame blanche Francois Adrien Boieldieu Boieldieu s most successful opera comique was one of many 19th century works inspired by the novels of Sir Walter Scott 52 1826 Le siege de Corinthe Rossini For this work Rossini heavily revised his earlier Maometto II placing the action in a different setting 47 1826 Oberon or The Elf King s Oath von Weber Weber s last opera before his early death 53 1827 Il pirata Vincenzo Bellini Bellini s second professional production established his international reputation 54 1828 Der Vampyr Heinrich Marschner Marschner was a key link between Weber and Wagner as this Gothic opera shows 55 1828 Le comte Ory Rossini Rossini s opera has enjoyed a high critical reputation throughout the years 19th century critic Henry Chorley said that there is not a bad melody there is not an ugly bar in Le comte Ory and Richard Osborne writing in Grove Music Online calls details that the work is one of the wittiest most stylish and most urbane of all comic operas 47 1829 La straniera Bellini La straniera is rare among bel canto operas in that it offers remarkably few opportunities for vocal ostentation 54 1829 Guillaume Tell Rossini Rossini s last opera before his retirement is a tale of liberty set in the Swiss Alps It helped to establish the genre of French Grand Opera 56 1830 Anna Bolena Gaetano Donizetti This was Donizetti s first success on the international scene and helped greatly to establish his reputation 57 1830 Fra Diavolo Daniel Auber One of the most popular opera comiques of the 19th century Auber s tale loosely based on an important Neapolitan rebel leader even inspired a film by Laurel and Hardy 58 1830 I Capuleti e i Montecchi Bellini Bellini s version of Romeo and Juliet 59 1831 La sonnambula Bellini The concertato D un pensiero e d un accento from the finale of Act 1 of this work was later parodied by Arthur Sullivan in Trial by Jury 60 1831 Norma Bellini Bellini s best known opera paradigm of Romantic operas The final act of this work is often noted for the originality of its orchestration 61 1831 Robert le diable Giacomo Meyerbeer Meyerbeer s first Grand Opera for Paris caused a sensation with its ballet of dead nuns 62 1832 L elisir d amore Donizetti This work was the most often performed opera in Italy between 1838 and 1848 57 1833 1849 edit nbsp Gaetano Donizetti1833 Beatrice di Tenda Vincenzo Bellini Bellini s tragedy is notable for its extensive use of the chorus 63 1833 Hans Heiling Heinrich Marschner Another important Gothic horror opera from Marschner 64 1833 Lucrezia Borgia Gaetano Donizetti One of Donizetti s most popular scores 65 1834 Maria Stuarda Donizetti This work was dismissed as a failure in the 19th century but since its revival in 1958 it has made frequent appearances on stage 66 1835 Das Liebesverbot Richard Wagner An early work by Wagner loosely based on Shakespeare s Measure for Measure The composer later disowned it 67 1835 I puritani Bellini Bellini s drama set during the English Civil War is one of his finest achievements 68 1835 La Juive Fromental Halevy This grand opera rivalled the works of Meyerbeer in popularity The tenor aria Rachel quand du seigneur is particularly famous 69 1835 Lucia di Lammermoor Donizetti Donizetti s most famous tragic opera notable for Lucia s mad scene 70 1836 A Life for the Tsar Mikhail Glinka Glinka established the tradition of Russian opera with this historical work and the later Ruslan and Lyudmila 71 1836 Les Huguenots Giacomo Meyerbeer Perhaps the most famous of all French grand operas widely regarded as Meyerbeer s masterpiece 72 1837 Roberto Devereux Donizetti Donizetti wrote this work as a distraction from the grief he felt at the death of his wife 73 1838 Benvenuto Cellini Hector Berlioz Berlioz s first opera is a virtuoso score which is still highly difficult to perform 74 1839 Oberto conte di San Bonifacio Giuseppe Verdi Verdi s first opera is a sensational melodrama 75 1840 La favorite Donizetti A grand opera in the French tradition 76 1840 La fille du regiment Donizetti Donizetti s venture into French opera comique 76 1840 Batori Maria Erkel Erkel s first opera was also the first true opera written in Hungarian and is based on the story of Ines de Castro in Camoes Os Lusiadas the Portuguese national epic 77 1840 Un giorno di regno Verdi Verdi s only comedy apart from his last opera Falstaff 75 1842 Der Wildschutz Albert Lortzing Lortzing s comic masterpiece intended to show a German work could rival Italian opera buffa and French opera comique 78 1842 Nabucco Verdi Verdi described this opera as the genuine beginning of his artistic career 79 1842 Rienzi der letzte der Tribunen Wagner Wagner s contribution to the Grand Opera tradition 80 1842 Ruslan and Lyudmila Glinka This episodic version of a Pushkin fairy tale was a major influence on later Russian composers 81 1843 Der fliegende Hollander Wagner Wagner regarded this German Romantic opera as the true beginning of his career 82 1843 Don Pasquale Donizetti Donizetti s comic masterpiece is one of the last great opera buffas 83 1843 I Lombardi alla prima crociata Verdi Verdi s follow up to Nabucco was the first of his operas to be performed in America 84 1843 The Bohemian Girl Michael Balfe One of the few notable 19th century English language operas apart from the works of Gilbert and Sullivan 85 1844 Hunyadi Laszlo Erkel Erkel s second opera is generally considered his best but is second in popularity to his later opera Bank Ban which is considered the Hungarian National Opera 77 1844 Ernani Verdi One of the most dramatically effective of Verdi s early works 86 1845 Tannhauser und der Sangerkrieg auf Wartburg Wagner Wagner s most medieval work depicts the conflict between pagan love and Christian virtue 87 1846 Attila Verdi Verdi was troubled by ill health during the writing of this piece which was only a moderate success at the premiere 88 1846 La damnation de Faust Berlioz Frustrated at his lack of opera commissions Berlioz composed this dramatic legend for concert performance In recent years it has been successfully staged as an opera though the critic David Cairns describes it as cinematic 89 1847 Macbeth Verdi Verdi s first venture into Shakespeare 88 1847 Martha Friedrich von Flotow Flotow unashamedly aimed at satisfying popular taste in this comic and sentimental work set in the England of Queen Anne 90 1849 Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor Otto Nicolai Nicolai s only German opera has been his most lasting success 91 1849 Le prophete Meyerbeer A grand opera about the life of the religious fanatic John of Leiden 92 1849 Luisa Miller Verdi Fans of Verdi think that this setting of Schiller s bourgeois tragedy has been underrated 93 1850 1875 edit nbsp Richard Wagner1850 Genoveva Robert Schumann Schumann s only excursion into opera was a relative failure though the work has had its admirers from Franz Liszt to Nikolaus Harnoncourt 94 1850 Lohengrin Richard Wagner The last of Wagner s middle period works 95 1850 Stiffelio Giuseppe Verdi Verdi s tale of adultery among members of a German Protestant sect fell foul of the censors 96 1851 Rigoletto Verdi The first and most innovative of three middle period Verdi operas which have become staples of the repertoire 97 1853 Il trovatore Verdi This Romantic melodrama is one of Verdi s most tuneful scores 98 1853 La traviata Verdi The role of Violetta the fallen woman of the title is one of the most famous vehicles for the soprano voice 99 1855 Les vepres siciliennes Verdi Verdi s opera displays the strong influence of Meyerbeer 100 1858 Der Barbier von Bagdad Peter Cornelius An oriental comedy drawing on the tradition of German Romantic opera 101 1858 Orphee aux Enfers Jacques Offenbach Offenbach s first full length operetta this cynical and satirical piece is still immensely popular today 102 1858 Les Troyens Hector Berlioz Berlioz s greatest opera and the culmination of the French Classical tradition 89 1859 Faust Charles Gounod Of all the musical settings of the Faust legend Gounod s has been the most popular with audiences especially in the Victorian era 103 1859 Un ballo in maschera Verdi This opera ran into trouble with the censors because it originally dealt with the assassination of a monarch 104 1861 Bank ban Erkel Erkel s third opera is considered the Hungarian National opera 105 1862 Beatrice et Benedict Berlioz The last opera Berlioz wrote is the final fruit of his lifelong admiration for Shakespeare 106 1862 La forza del destino Verdi This tragedy was commissioned by the Imperial Theatre Saint Petersburg and Verdi may have been influenced by the Russian tradition in the writing of his work 107 1863 Les pecheurs de perles Georges Bizet Though a relative failure at its premiere this is Bizet s second most performed opera today and is particularly famous for its tenor baritone duet 108 1864 La belle Helene Offenbach Another operetta by Offenbach which pokes fun at Greek mythology 109 1864 Mireille Gounod Gounod s work is based on the epic poem by Frederic Mistral and makes use of Provencal folk tunes 110 1865 L Africaine Giacomo Meyerbeer Meyerbeer s last Grand Opera received a posthumous premiere 111 1865 Tristan und Isolde Wagner This romantic tragedy is Wagner s most radical work and one of the most revolutionary pieces in music history The Tristan chord began the breakdown of traditional tonality 112 1866 Mignon Ambroise Thomas A lyrical work inspired by Goethe s novel Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship this was Thomas s most successful opera along with Hamlet 113 1866 The Bartered Bride Bedrich Smetana Smetana s folk comedy is the most widely performed of all his operas 114 1867 Don Carlos Verdi Verdi s French grand opera after Schiller is now one of his most highly regarded works 115 1867 La jolie fille de Perth Bizet Bizet turned to a novel by Sir Walter Scott for this opera comique 116 1867 Romeo et Juliette Gounod Gounod s version of Shakespeare s tragedy is his second most famous work 117 1868 Dalibor Smetana One of the most successful of Smetana s operas exploring themes from Czech history 118 1868 Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg Wagner Wagner s only comedy among his mature operas concerns the clash between artistic tradition and innovation 119 1868 Hamlet Thomas Thomas s opera takes many liberties with its Shakespearean source 120 1868 La Perichole Offenbach Set in Peru this operetta mixes comedy and sentimentality 121 1868 Mefistofele Arrigo Boito Though most famous as a librettist for Verdi Boito was also a composer and he spent many years working on this musical version of the Faust myth 122 1869 Das Rheingold Wagner The preliminary evening to Wagner s epic Ring cycle tells how the ring was forged and the curse laid upon it 123 1870 Die Walkure Wagner The second part of the Ring tells the story of the mortals Siegmund and Sieglinde and of how the valkyrie Brunnhilde disobeys her father Wotan king of the gods 124 1871 Aida Verdi Features one of the greatest tenor arias of all time Celeste Aida 1874 Boris Godunov Modest Mussorgsky Mussorgsky s great historical drama shows Russia s descent into anarchy in the early 17th century 125 1874 Die Fledermaus Johann Strauss II Probably the most popular of all operettas 126 1874 The Two Widows Smetana Another comedy by Smetana the only one of his operas with a non Czech subject 127 1875 Carmen Bizet Probably the most famous of all French operas Critics at the premiere were shocked by Bizet s blend of romanticism and realism 128 1876 1899 edit nbsp Giuseppe Verdi by Giovanni Boldini 18861876 Siegfried Richard Wagner The third part of the Ring sees the hero Siegfried slay the dragon Fafner win the ring and free Brunhilde from her enchantment 129 1876 Gotterdammerung Wagner In the final part of the Ring the curse takes effect leading to the deaths of Siegfried and Brunnhilde and the destruction of the gods themselves 130 1876 La Gioconda Amilcare Ponchielli Apart from Verdi s Aida this is the only Italian grand opera to have stayed in international repertory 60 1877 L etoile Emmanuel Chabrier This comic piece has been described as a cross between Carmen and Gilbert and Sullivan with plenty of Offenbach thrown in 131 1877 Samson et Dalila Camille Saint Saens An opera with that was heavily influenced by those of Wagner 132 1879 Eugene Onegin Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Tchaikovsky s most popular opera based on the verse novel by Alexander Pushkin The composer strongly identified with the heroine Tatyana 133 1881 Herodiade Jules Massenet An opera telling the Biblical story of Salome Massenet s work was eclipsed by Richard Strauss s treatment of the same subject 134 1881 Les contes d Hoffmann Jacques Offenbach Offenbach s attempt at writing a more serious work remained unfinished at his death Nevertheless this is his most widely performed opera today 121 1881 Simon Boccanegra Giuseppe Verdi Verdi heavily revised this opera over twenty years after it was first performed 79 1882 Parsifal Wagner Wagner s last opera is a festival play about the legend of the Holy Grail 135 1882 The Snow Maiden A Spring Fairy Tale Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov One of Rimsky Korsakov s most lyrical works 136 1883 Lakme Leo Delibes This opera comique set in the British Raj in India is famous for its Flower Duet and Bell Song 137 1884 Le Villi Puccini An early operatic work by Puccini with plenty of opportunity for dance 138 1884 Manon Massenet Massenet s most enduringly popular work along with Werther 139 1885 Der Zigeunerbaron Johann Strauss II Strauss s operetta was intended to soothe tensions between Austrians and Hungarians in the Habsburg empire 140 1886 Khovanshchina Modest Mussorgsky Mussorgsky s second great epic of Russian history was left unfinished at his death 141 1887 Le roi malgre lui Chabrier Ravel claimed he would rather have written this comic opera than Wagner s Ring cycle though the plot is notoriously confused 142 1887 Otello Verdi The first of Verdi s late period masterpieces was set to a libretto by Arrigo Boito 79 1888 Le roi d Ys Edouard Lalo A Breton folk tale with music heavily influenced by Wagner 143 1890 Cavalleria rusticana Pietro Mascagni A perennial favourite with audiences around the world this one acter is usually performed alongside Leoncavallo s Pagliacci 144 1890 Prince Igor Alexander Borodin Borodin spent 17 years working on this opera off and on yet never managed to finish it Most famous for its Polovtsian dances 145 1890 The Queen of Spades Tchaikovsky In a letter to his brother and librettist the composer said that the opera is a masterpiece 146 1891 L amico Fritz Mascagni This work has been thought of as a late example of opera semiseria 147 1892 Iolanta Tchaikovsky Tchaikovsky s last lyrical opera set to a libretto by his brother Modest 148 1892 La Wally Alfredo Catalani Usually considered Catalani s masterpiece 149 1892 Pagliacci Ruggero Leoncavallo One of the most famous verismo operas usually paired with Mascagni s Cavalleria rusticana 150 1892 Werther Massenet Along with Manon this is Massenet s most popular opera 151 1893 Falstaff Verdi Verdi s final opera was set to another of Boito s libretti 79 1893 Hansel und Gretel Engelbert Humperdinck The well known fairy tale received a full Wagnerian operatic adaptation at Humperdinck s hands 152 1893 Manon Lescaut Giacomo Puccini The success of this work established Puccini s reputation as a composer of contemporary music of the first rank 60 1894 Thais Massenet The opera that contains the famous Meditation interlude 151 1896 Andrea Chenier Umberto Giordano Set to a libretto by Luigi Illica this verismo drama is Giordano s most popular opera 60 1896 La boheme Puccini Debussy is alleged to have said that no one had detailed Paris at that time better than had Puccini in La Boheme 60 1897 Konigskinder Humperdinck Originally a melodrama that blended song and spoken dialogue the composer adapted the work into an opera proper in 1907 1898 Fedora Giordano Giordano s second most popular opera 60 1898 Sadko Rimsky Korsakov The Viking Trader s song from this opera has become extremely popular in Russia 146 1899 Cendrillon Massenet An immediate success at the time of the premiere the opera enjoyed 50 performances in 1899 alone 151 1899 The Devil and Kate Antonin Dvorak The lack of a love interest makes the plot of this work almost unique among Czech comic operas 153 1900 1920 edit nbsp Richard Strauss1900 Louise Gustave Charpentier An attempt to provide a French equivalent for Italian verismo Louise is set in a working class district of Paris 154 1900 Tosca Giacomo Puccini Tosca is the most Wagnerian of Puccini s operas with its frequent use of leitmotif 60 1901 Rusalka Antonin Dvorak Dvorak s most successful opera with international audiences based on a folk tale about a water sprite 155 1902 Adriana Lecouvreur Francesco Cilea Unique among Cilea s operas in that it has remained in the international repertory up to the present time 60 1902 Pelleas et Melisande Claude Debussy Debussy s elusive Symbolist drama is one of the most significant operas of the 20th century 156 1902 Saul og David Carl Nielsen This Biblical tragedy was the first of Nielsen s two operas 157 1904 Jenufa Leos Janacek Janacek s first great success a naturalistic depiction of Czech peasant life 158 1904 Madama Butterfly Puccini The first performance of Puccini s now popular opera was a disaster involving accusations of plagiarism 60 1905 Die lustige Witwe Franz Lehar One of the most famous Viennese operettas 159 1905 Salome Richard Strauss A scandalous success at its premiere Strauss s decadent opera set to Oscar Wilde s play is still immensely popular with today s audiences 160 1906 Maskarade Nielsen Nielsen s high spirited comedy looks back to the world of The Marriage of Figaro and has become a classic in the composer s native Denmark 161 1907 A Village Romeo and Juliet Frederick Delius A tragedy of unhappy love set in Switzerland the most famous music is the interlude The Walk to the Paradise Garden 162 1907 Ariane et Barbe bleue Paul Dukas Dukas s only surviving opera based like Debussy s Pelleas on a Symbolist drama by Maeterlinck 163 1907 The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov A mystical retelling of an old national legend Sometimes called the Russian Parsifal 164 1907 Destiny Janacek An important transitional work in Janacek s career as the composer began to look beyond the traditional themes of Czech opera 165 1909 Elektra Strauss This dark tragedy took Strauss s music to the borders of atonality It was the composer s first setting of a libretto by his long term collaborator Hugo von Hofmannsthal 166 1909 Il segreto di Susanna Ermanno Wolf Ferrari A comic intermezzo Susanna s secret is that she smokes 167 1909 The Golden Cockerel Rimsky Korsakov Often considered Rimsky s greatest work this satire on military incompetence got the composer into trouble with the censors after Russia s defeat in the Russo Japanese War 168 1910 Don Quichotte Jules Massenet Massenet s last great success is a gentle comedy inspired by Cervantes s Don Quixote 169 1910 La fanciulla del West Puccini Described by Puccini as his best work 60 1911 Der Rosenkavalier Strauss Strauss and Hofmannsthal s most popular work this comedy is set in 18th century Vienna 170 1911 L heure espagnole Maurice Ravel Ravel s first opera is a bedroom farce set in Spain 171 1912 Ariadne auf Naxos Strauss A mixture of comedy and tragedy with an opera within an opera 172 1912 Der ferne Klang Franz Schreker The success of this work established Schreker s reputation as an opera composer 173 1913 La vida breve Manuel de Falla A passionate Spanish drama influenced by verismo 174 1914 The Immortal Hour Rutland Boughton Boughton s Celtic fairy tale opera enjoyed great popularity in Britain between the world wars 175 1914 The Nightingale Igor Stravinsky Stravinsky s style changed radically during the composition of this short opera moving away from the influence of his teacher Rimsky Korsakov towards the spiky modernism of the Rite of Spring 176 1916 Savitri Gustav Holst Holst s interest in Hinduism led him to set this episode from the Mahabharata 177 1917 Arlecchino Ferruccio Busoni Busoni drew on the tradition of Italian commedia dell arte for this one act piece 178 1917 Eine florentinische Tragodie Alexander von Zemlinsky Zemlinsky s decadent one acter is based on a short play by Oscar Wilde 179 1917 La rondine Puccini Not an initial success Puccini heavily revised the opera twice 60 1917 Palestrina Hans Pfitzner A Wagnerian drama exploring the clash between innovation and tradition in music 180 1918 Bluebeard s Castle Bela Bartok Bartok s only opera this intense psychological drama is one of his most important works 181 1918 Gianni Schicchi Puccini One act in structure Puccini s work is based on an extract from Dante s Inferno 60 1918 Il tabarro Puccini The first of the operas that make up Il trittico along with Gianni Schicchi and Suor Angelica 1918 Suor Angelica Puccini Described by the composer as his favourite among the three operas that comprise Il trittico 60 1919 Die Frau ohne Schatten Strauss The third full collaboration between Strauss and the librettist Hofmannsthal gestated for six years before completion and another two years passed before the first performance 182 1920 Die tote Stadt Erich Wolfgang Korngold Korngold s best known work for the stage 183 1920 The Excursions of Mr Broucek to the Moon and to the 15th Century Janacek A comic fantasy set on the moon and in 15th century Bohemia 155 1921 1944 edit nbsp Giacomo Puccini1921 Kata Kabanova Leos Janacek The first of the great operas of Janacek s late maturity based on an Ostrovsky play about religious fanaticism and forbidden love in provincial Russia 184 1921 The Love for Three Oranges Sergei Prokofiev A comic opera based on a fairy tale by Carlo Gozzi 185 1922 Der Zwerg Alexander von Zemlinsky Another short Zemlinsky opera inspired by a work by Oscar Wilde The composer personally identified with the dwarf of the title 186 1924 Erwartung Arnold Schoenberg An intense atonal monodrama 187 1924 Hugh the Drover Ralph Vaughan Williams A ballad opera much of which is based on folksongs 188 1924 Intermezzo Richard Strauss A light operetta style work based on an incident from the composer s own marriage 182 1924 The Cunning Little Vixen Janacek One of the composer s most popular works the story is based on a cartoon strip about animals in the Czech countryside 189 1925 Doktor Faust Ferruccio Busoni Busoni intended this opera to be the climax of his career but it was left unfinished at his death 190 1925 L enfant et les sortileges Maurice Ravel Conceived as an opera ballet birds beasts insects even inanimate objects teach humanity to the child 191 1925 Wozzeck Alban Berg One of the key operas of the 20th century Based on a strikingly unheroic plot Berg s work blends atonal techniques with more traditional ones 192 1926 Cardillac Paul Hindemith An opera in Hindemith s neo classical style about a psychopathic jeweller 193 1926 Hary Janos Zoltan Kodaly Kodalys singspiel incorporated many Hungarian folksongs and dances 194 1926 King Roger Karol Szymanowski One of the most important Polish operas this piece is full of Oriental harmonies 195 1926 The Makropulos Affair Janacek The first performance of The Makropulos Affair was the last that Janacek survived to see among his operas 196 1926 Turandot Giacomo Puccini Puccini s last opera was left unfinished at his death 60 1927 Oedipus Rex Igor Stravinsky Set to a Latin libretto by Jean Cocteau this highly stylised piece fuses opera and oratorio 197 1927 Jonny spielt auf Ernst Krenek A jazz opera which enjoyed tremendous success in its day 198 1928 The Threepenny Opera Kurt Weill A modern adaptation of Gay and Pepusch s The Beggar s Opera 199 1929 The Nose Dmitri Shostakovich Gogol s strange short story provided the plot for this grotesque satire 200 1930 Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny Weill The composition of this opera was problematic due to tension between the composer and his librettist Bertolt Brecht 199 1930 From the House of the Dead Janacek Janacek s last opera inspired by Dostoevsky s account of life in a Russian prison camp 196 1932 Moses und Aron Schoenberg Left unfinished at his death Schoenberg s opera frequently employs serialist techniques 201 1933 Arabella Strauss This opera was the last that Strauss set to a libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal 182 1934 Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk Shostakovich An attack on the music and subject matter of the opera in the Soviet Union s government journal Pravda meant that this work was Shostakovich s last opera 202 1935 Ero s onoga svijeta usually translated as Ero the Joker by Jakov Gotovac Although he composed many operas none of the others achieved the enormous success of Ero in Croatia and abroad This comic opera based on a Croatian folk tale and brilliant libretto written by Milan Begovic was praised by many among whom Richard Strauss and Wilhelm Furtwangler Inspired by the folklore of Dalmatian hinterland to the point where the boundary between the folklore and classical music ceases to exist it is considered to be the best and most performed Croatian opera of all time 1935 Die schweigsame Frau Strauss A comic opera based on a play by Ben Jonson 203 1935 Porgy and Bess George Gershwin Initially a financial failure a 1941 production that replaced the work s recitatives with spoken dialogue was a success 204 1937 Lulu Berg Berg s second opera was unfinished at his death but a completion by Friedrich Cerha was successfully performed in 1979 205 1937 Riders to the Sea Vaughan Williams Often rated as Vaughan Williams s finest opera this short fatalistic tragedy is set on the Aran Isles in the west of Ireland 206 1938 Daphne Strauss A mythological opera with lyrical pastoral music 207 1938 Julietta Bohuslav Martinu This dreamlike work set in a town where people have lost their memory is Martinu s operatic masterpiece 208 1938 Mathis der Maler Hindemith Hindemith s most highly regarded opera is a parable about an artist surviving in a time of crisis reflecting the composer s own experience under the Nazis 209 1941 Paul Bunyan Benjamin Britten Britten s first venture into opera was a light piece about an American folk hero with a libretto by W H Auden 210 1942 Capriccio Strauss Strauss s final opera is a conversation piece about the genre itself 211 1943 Der Kaiser von Atlantis Viktor Ullmann Written in the Nazi concentration camp Theresienstadt and not performed until 1975 The composer and his librettist were murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp 212 1945 1964 edit nbsp Benjamin Britten1945 Peter Grimes Benjamin Britten A landmark in the history of British opera this work marked Britten s arrival on the international music scene 213 1945 War and Peace Sergei Prokofiev Prokofiev returned to the tradition of Russian historical opera for this epic work based on Leo Tolstoy s novel 214 1946 Betrothal in a Monastery Prokofiev A romantic comedy with music drawing on the opera buffa style of Rossini 215 1946 The Medium Gian Carlo Menotti Considered by many to be Menotti s finest work 216 1946 The Rape of Lucretia Britten Britten s first chamber opera 217 1947 Albert Herring Britten Britten s comic opera is heavily based upon use of the ensemble 217 1947 Dantons Tod Gottfried von Einem Einem s opera is a compressed setting of Georg Buchner s play about the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution 218 1947 Les mamelles de Tiresias Francis Poulenc Poulenc s first opera is a short surrealist comedy based on the play by Guillaume Apollinaire 219 1947 The Telephone or L Amour a trois Menotti An opera buffa just 22 minutes in length 216 1949 Il prigioniero Luigi Dallapiccola Much of the music for this opera is based on three 12 note tone rows which represent the themes of prayer hope and freedom that dominate the opera 220 1950 The Consul Menotti This opera contains some of Menotti s most dissonant music 216 1951 Amahl and the Night Visitors Menotti This Christmas story was the first opera specifically written for television 221 1951 Billy Budd Britten The plot for Britten s large scale opera was based on a story by Herman Melville 217 1951 The Pilgrim s Progress Ralph Vaughan Williams Set to his own libretto Vaughan Williams s work was inspired by John Bunyan s famous allegory of the same name 188 1951 The Rake s Progress Igor Stravinsky Stravinsky s most important operatic work looks back to Mozart musically and has a libretto by W H Auden inspired by the engravings of William Hogarth 222 1952 Boulevard Solitude Hans Werner Henze Henze s first full length opera is an updating of the story of Manon Lescaut also the source for important operas by Massenet and Puccini 223 1953 Gloriana Britten Composed for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II this opera looks back to the relationship between her namesake Elizabeth I and the Earl of Essex 224 1954 The Fiery Angel Prokofiev Prokofiev never saw what is often regarded as his most avant garde composition performed on the operatic stage 146 1954 The Turn of the Screw Britten A chamber opera based on the ghost story by Henry James It is remarkable for its tightly laid out key scheme and active orchestral role 217 1954 Troilus and Cressida William Walton Walton s opera about the Trojan War was initially a failure 225 1955 The Midsummer Marriage Michael Tippett Tippett s first full scale opera was set to his own libretto 226 1956 Candide Leonard Bernstein Operetta based on Voltaire The soprano aria Glitter and Be Gay is a parody of Romantic era jewel songs 227 1957 Dialogues des Carmelites Poulenc Poulenc s major opera is set in a convent during the French Revolution 228 1958 Vanessa Samuel Barber Vanessa won its composer a Pulitzer Prize in 1958 229 1959 La voix humaine Poulenc A short opera with a single character a despairing woman on the telephone to her lover 230 1960 A Midsummer Night s Dream Britten Set to a libretto adapted from the Shakespeare play by himself and his partner Peter Pears Britten s work is rare in operatic history in that it features a countertenor in the male lead role 217 1961 Elegy for Young Lovers Henze Henze asked his librettists W H Auden and Chester Kallman for a scenario that would inspire him to compose tender beautiful noises 231 1962 King Priam Tippett Tippett s second opera set to another of his own recondite libretti 232 was inspired by Homer s Iliad 226 1964 Curlew River Britten A modern liturgical church opera intended for performance in an ecclesiastical setting 217 1965 1999 edit nbsp Harrison Birtwistle1965 Der junge Lord Henze The last composition produced during Henze s dwelling in Italy is considered to be the most Italianate of his dramatic works 231 1965 Die Soldaten Bernd Alois Zimmermann The first version of the opera was rejected by Cologne Opera as impossible for them to stage Zimmermann was required to reduce the orchestral forces required and to cut some of the technical demands previously required 231 1966 Antony and Cleopatra Barber The first version of the opera was set to a libretto consisting entirely of the words of Shakespeare and deemed a failure 229 Later it was revised by Gian Carlo Menotti and became a success 1966 The Bassarids Henze Henze s opera is set to a libretto by Auden and Kallman who required that the composer listen to Gotterdammerung before starting to compose the music 231 1967 The Bear Walton The libretto for Walton s extravaganza was based on Chekov 231 1968 Punch and Judy Harrison Birtwistle Birtwistle s first opera was commissioned by the English Opera Group 231 1968 The Prodigal Son Britten The third of Britten s parables for church performance 233 1969 The Devils of Loudun Krzysztof Penderecki Penderecki s first opera is also his most popular 233 1970 The Knot Garden Tippett Tippett created his own modern scenario for the libretto of this work his third opera 226 1971 Owen Wingrave Britten Britten s anti war opera was written especially for BBC television 234 1972 Taverner Peter Maxwell Davies Davies was one of the most significant figures to emerge in British music the 1960s This opera is based on a legend about the 16th century composer John Taverner 235 1973 Death in Venice Britten Britten s last opera was first performed three years before his death 232 1976 Einstein on the Beach Philip Glass Philip Glass first opera conceived together with director Robert Wilson introduced minimalist composition and avantgarde performance to the world of opera and remains one of the best known operas of the twentieth century 236 1978 Le Grand Macabre Gyorgy Ligeti First performed at Stockholm in 1978 Ligeti heavily revised the opera in 1996 237 1978 Lear Aribert Reimann An Expressionist opera based on Shakespeare s tragedy The title role was specifically written for the famous baritone Dietrich Fischer Dieskau 238 1980 The Lighthouse Davies Davies s second chamber opera was set to his own libretto 231 1983 Saint Francois d Assise Olivier Messiaen 120 orchestral players are required for this opera as well as a sizable chorus 237 1984 Un re in ascolto Luciano Berio This opera was set to a libretto assembled by the composer from three different texts by three different authors Friedrich Einsiedel W H Auden and Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter 239 1984 Akhnaten Philip Glass Unlike his first opera Einstein on the Beach the writing and style are more conventional and lyrical and much of the music of Akhnaten is some of the most dissonant that Glass has composed 240 1986 The Mask of Orpheus Birtwistle Birtwistle s most ambitious opera examines the myth of Orpheus from several different angles 241 1987 A Night at the Chinese Opera Judith Weir This piece is based on a Chinese play of the Yuan dynasty The Orphan of Zhao 242 1987 Nixon in China John Adams Musically minimalist in style this opera recounts Richard Nixon s 1972 meeting with Mao Zedong 243 1991 Gawain Birtwistle Birtwistle s opera is based on the medieval English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 231 1995 A Streetcar Named Desire Andre Previn The opera is based on the play by Tennessee Williams Significant firsts in opera history editOperas not included in the above list but which were important milestones in operatic history 1598 Dafne Jacopo Peri The first opera performed in Florence music now lost 244 1600 Euridice Peri The earliest opera whose music survives 244 1625 La liberazione di Ruggiero Francesca Caccini First opera by a woman 245 1627 Dafne Heinrich Schutz First German opera Music now lost 246 1660 La purpura de la rosa Juan Hidalgo First Spanish opera Music now lost 1671 Pomone Robert Cambert Often regarded as the first French opera 247 1683 Venus and Adonis John Blow Often considered the first opera in English 248 1701 La purpura de la rosa Tomas de Torrejon y Velasco born in Spain 1644 Earliest known opera composed in the Americas 249 1711 Partenope Manuel de Zumaya The first opera written by an American born composer and the earliest known full opera produced in North America 250 1755 Tsefal i Prokris Francesco Araja First Russian opera 251 Lists consulted editThis list was compiled by consulting nine lists of great operas created by recognized authorities in the field of opera and selecting all of the operas which appeared on at least five of these i e all operas on a majority of the lists The lists used were A Z of Opera by Keith Anderson Naxos 2000 The Standard Repertoire of Grand Opera 1607 1969 a list included in Norman Davies s Europe a History Oxford University Press 1996 paperback edition Pimlico 1997 ISBN 0 7126 6633 8 Operas appearing in the chronology by Mary Ann Smart in The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera Oxford University Press 1994 ISBN 0 19 816282 0 Operas with entries in The New Kobbe s Opera Book ed Lord Harewood Putnam 9th ed 1997 ISBN 0 370 10020 4 Table of Contents ofThe Rough Guide to Opera by Matthew Boyden 2002 edition ISBN 1 85828 749 9 Operas with entries in The Metropolitan Opera Guide to Recorded Opera ed Paul Gruber Thames and Hudson 1993 ISBN 0 393 03444 5 and or Metropolitan Opera Stories of the Great Operas ed John W Freeman Norton 1984 ISBN 0 393 01888 1 List of operas and their composers in Who s Who in British Opera ed Nicky Adam Scolar Press 1993 ISBN 0 85967 894 6 Entries for individual operas in Warrack John West Ewan 1992 The Oxford Dictionary of Opera Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 869164 8 Entries for individual operas in Who s Who in Opera a guide to opera characters by Joyce Bourne Oxford University Press 1998 ISBN 0 19 210023 8Operas included in all nine lists edit The 93 operas included in all nine lists cited are Adriana Lecouvreur Aida Arabella Ariadne auf Naxos Un ballo in maschera The Barber of Seville Rossini The Bartered Bride Billy Budd Bluebeard s Castle La boheme Boris Godunov Capriccio Carmen Cavalleria rusticana La Cenerentola La clemenza di Tito Les contes d Hoffmann Cosi fan tutte The Cunning Little Vixen Dido and AEneas Don Carlos Don Giovanni Don Pasquale Elektra L elisir d amore L enfant et les sortileges Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail Eugene Onegin Falstaff Faust Fidelio Der fliegende Hollander La forza del destino Der Freischutz Giulio Cesare The Golden Cockerel Gotterdammerung L heure espagnole Les Huguenots Idomeneo L incoronazione di Poppea L italiana in Algeri Jenufa Kata Kabanova Lakme Lohengrin Louise Lucia di Lammermoor Macbeth Madama Butterfly The Magic Flute Manon The Marriage of Figaro Il matrimonio segreto Medee Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg Mignon Moses und Aron Nabucco Norma L Orfeo Orfeo ed Euridice Otello Pagliacci Parsifal Les pecheurs de perles Pelleas et Melisande Peter Grimes Prince Igor I puritani The Queen of Spades The Rake s Progress Das Rheingold Rigoletto Romeo et Juliette Der Rosenkavalier Salome Samson and Delilah Semiramide Siegfried Simon Boccanegra La sonnambula Tannhauser Tosca La traviata Tristan und Isolde Il trovatore Les Troyens Turandot The Turn of the Screw Die Walkure Werther WozzeckSee also editList of major opera composers List of operas by composer List of operas by titleReferences editCitations edit Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 18 John Whenham 2002 1992 Orfeo i Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O005849 Ellen Rosand 2002 1992 Ritorno d Ulisse in patria Il Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004922 Ellen Rosand 2002 1992 Incoronazione di Poppea L Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O902316 Ellen Rosand 2002 1992 Ormindo Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004544 Ellen Rosand 2002 1992 Giasone Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O003539 Viking 1993 p 191 Martha Novak Clinkscale 2002 1992 Calisto Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004390 Curtis Price 2002 1992 Dido and Aeneas Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O006883 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 Curtis Price 2002 1992 Fairy Queen The Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009948 ISBN 9781561592630 Viking 1993 p 418 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Agrippina Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O900058 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Rinaldo Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004199 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Giulio Cesare in Egitto ii Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004424 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Tamerlano opera by Handel Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O007352 a b Anthony Hicks 2001 2001 Handel Handel Hendel George Frideric Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 40060 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Rodelinda Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004237 Robert D Hume 2002 1992 Beggar s Opera The Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O002751 a b Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 64 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Orlando ii Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O903662 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 pp 90 91 Graham Sadler 2002 1992 Hippolyte et Aricie Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009340 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Ariodante Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O900182 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Alcina Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O900075 Graham Sadler 2002 1992 Platee Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O903916 Graham Sadler 2002 1992 Indes galantes Les Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O005181 Anthony Hicks 2002 1992 Serse Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O904536 Stanley Sadie 2002 1992 Semele ii Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O904697 Graham Sadler 2002 1992 Platee Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O903916 Mary Hunter 2002 1992 Buona figliuola La Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009956 Viking 1993 pp 375 376 Viking 1993 pp 378 379 a b c d e f g h i Julian Rushton writing in Grove full citation needed Viking 1993 p 381 Caryl Clark 2002 1992 Mondo della luna Il ii Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009280 Viking 1993 p 393 Viking 1993 p 370 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 110 a b Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 113 Viking 1993 p 752 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 107 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 114 Gordana Lazarevich 2002 1992 Matrimonio segreto Il Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O008882 Viking 1993 pp 210 211 Viking 1993 p 59 Viking 1993 pp 1002 1004 a b c d e f g h i j k Richard Osborne 2002 1992 Scala di seta La The Silken Ladder Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009899 Osborne Richard 2002 Cenerentola La La Cenerentola ossia La bonta in trionfo Cinderella or Goodness Triumphant Grove Music Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O008249 Viking 1993 p 1212 1214 Viking 1993 pp 1214 1215 Osborne Richard 2002 Semiramide Semiramis Grove Music Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O904698 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 136 Clive Brown 2002 1992 Weber Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004022 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 a b Clive Maguire Elizabeth Forbes 2002 1992 Pirata Il The Pirate Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O003633 Palmer Allen Dean 1975 HEINRICH MARSCHNER AND HIS OPERA DER VAMPYR Master s thesis University of California Los Angeles ProQuest 194143336 Retrieved 27 August 2022 Viking 1993 pp 884 917 918 a b Ashbrook William 1965 Anna Bolena The Musical Times 106 1468 432 436 doi 10 2307 951045 JSTOR 951045 Viking 1993 p 38 Viking 1993 p 66 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Budden Julian Forbes Elizabeth Maguire Simon 1998 La sonnambula In Sadie Stanley ed The New Grove Dictionary of Opera Vol 4 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 132 Viking 1993 pp 659 660 Viking 1993 p 70 Viking 1993 p 609 Viking 1993 p 277 Viking 1993 p 278 Viking 1993 p 1176 Viking 1993 p 71 Viking 1993 p 412 Viking 1993 p 280 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 246 ff Viking 1993 p 660 Viking 1993 p 282 Viking 1993 p 92 a b Viking 1993 p 1125 a b Viking 1993 p 285 a b The New Penguin Opera Guide p 265 Viking 1993 p 584 a b c d Roger Parker 2002 1992 Nabucco Nabucodonosor Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O008126 Viking 1993 p 1177 Viking 1993 p 368 Viking 1993 p 1179 Viking 1993 p 288 Viking 1993 p 1127 Viking 1993 p 48 Viking 1993 p 1128 Viking 1993 p 1181 a b Viking 1993 p 1132 a b Viking 1993 p 94 Viking 1993 p 328 Viking 1993 p 726 Viking 1993 p 661 Viking 1993 p 1138 Viking 1993 p 968 Viking 1993 pp 1184 86 Viking 1993 p 1139 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 192 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 193 Viking 1993 p 1143 Viking 1993 p 1144 Viking 1993 p 228 Viking 1993 p 735 Penguin Guide to Opera on CD p 114 Viking 1993 p 1147 The New Penguin Opera Guide p 266 Viking 1993 p 97 Viking 1993 p 1149 Viking 1993 p 115 Viking 1993 p 736 Viking 1993 p 397 Viking 1993 p 664 Viking 1993 p 1196 Viking 1993 p 1098 Viking 1993 p 988 Viking 1993 p 1152 Viking 1993 p 116 Viking 1993 p 398 Viking 1993 p 990 Viking 1993 p 1198 Viking 1993 p 1099 a b Viking 1993 p 738 Viking 1993 p 131 Viking 1993 p 1188 Viking 1993 p 1190 Viking 1993 p 718 Viking 1993 p 1020 Viking 1993 p 992 Viking 1993 p 118 Viking 1993 p 1191 Viking 1993 p 1192 Penguin Guide to Opera on Compact Discs p 53 Hugh Macdonald 2002 1992 Samson et Dalila Samson and Delilah Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O904621 Viking 1993 p 1087 Viking 1993 p 624 Viking 1993 p 1201 Viking 1993 p 866 Viking 1993 p 252 Viking 1993 p 807 Viking 1993 p 625 Viking 1993 p 1022 Viking 1993 p 720 Penguin Guide to Opera on Compact Discs p 54 Oxford Illustrated 1994 pp 164 165 Viking 1993 p 618 Viking 1993 p 134 a b c Taruskin Richard Tchaikovsky The New Grove Dictionary of Opera Vol 4 p 669 Peter Ross 2002 1992 Amico Fritz L Friend Fritz Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O007230 Viking 1993 p 1094 Sadie Stanley ed 1998 Wally La The New Grov Dictionary of Opera Vol 4 Macmillan Publishers pp 1096 1097 Viking 1993 p 564 a b c Rodney Milnes 2002 1992 Werther Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O005411 Ian Denley 2001 Humperdinck Engelbert Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 13550 Jan Smaczny 2002 1992 Devil and Kate The Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009137 Viking 1993 p 203 a b Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 269 Oxford Illustrated 1994 pp 281 287 Viking 1993 p 728 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 304 Viking 1993 p 559 Viking 1993 p 1026 Viking 1993 p 729 Viking 1993 p 256 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 285 Viking 1993 p 871 Viking 1993 p 502 Viking 1993 p 1028 Viking 1993 p 1241 Viking 1993 p 872 Viking 1993 p 635 Viking 1993 p 1029 Viking 1993 p 849 Viking 1993 p 1031 Peter Franklin 2002 1992 Ferne Klang Der The Distant Sound Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O008719 Viking 1993 p 314 Viking 1993 p 137 Viking 1993 p 1045 Viking 1993 p 485 Viking 1993 p 168 Viking 1993 p 1251 Viking 1993 p 773 Oxford Illustrated 1994 pp 286 287 a b c David Murray 2002 1992 Frau ohne Schatten Die The Woman Without a Shadow Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009306 Christopher Palmer writing in Grove Viking 1993 p 505 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 306 Viking 1993 p 1252 Viking 1993 p 953 a b Michael Kennedy writing in Grove Viking 1993 p 506 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 297 Harman A amp Mellers W Man and His Music The Story of Musical Experience in the West Barrie and Rockliff London 1962 p 950 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 218 Viking 1993 p 477 Tibor Tallian 2002 1992 Hary Janos Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O005826 Viking 1993 p 1076 a b John Tyrrell writing in Grove full citation needed Oxford Illustrated 1994 pp 310 311 Viking 1993 p 542 a b Stephen Hinton 2002 1992 Dreigroschenoper Die The Threepenny Opera Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O006155 Viking 1993 p 980 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 220 Laurel Fay 2002 1992 Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O002507 Viking 1993 p 1039 Richard Crawford 2002 1992 Porgy and Bess Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O004106 Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 219 Viking 1993 p 1120 Viking 1993 p 1041 Viking 1993 p 613 Viking 1993 p 480 Viking 1993 p 143 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 316 Viking 1993 p 1115 Viking 1993 p 144 Viking 1993 p 803 Viking 1993 p 802 a b c Bruce Archibald writing in Grove a b c d e f Arnold Whittal writing in Grove Viking 1993 p 307 Viking 1993 p 793 Anthony Sellors 2002 1992 Prigioniero Il Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O903754 Viking 1993 p 649 Viking 1993 p 1050 Viking 1993 p 462 Viking 1993 p 152 Viking 1993 p 1208 a b c Geraint Lewis 2002 1992 Midsummer Marriage The Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009926 Jon Alan Conrad 2002 1992 Candide Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O900983 Viking 1993 p 794 a b Barbara B Heyman 2002 1992 Vanessa Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O905419 Viking 1993 p 795 a b c d e f g h Andrew Clements 2002 1992 Elegy for Young Lovers Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O901437 a b Orrey amp Milnes 1987 p 234 a b Arnold Whittall 2002 1992 Prodigal Son The Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O008108 Viking 1993 p 159 Viking 1993 p 243 Swed Mark 18 November 2020 Philip Glass and Einstein on the Beach How one opera changed everything Los Angeles Times Retrieved 27 August 2022 a b Paul Griffiths 2002 1992 Grand Macabre Le The Grand Macabre Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O002356 Viking 1993 p 854 David Osmond Smith 2002 1992 Re in ascolto Un Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O904301 Tim Page 2002 1992 Akhnaten Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O009554 Viking 1993 p 108 Viking 1993 p 1232 Viking 1993 p 18 a b Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 8 Viking 1993 p 174 Oxford Illustrated 1994 p 31 Viking 1993 p 180 Curtis Price 2002 1992 Venus and Adonis i Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article O905445 Stein Louise K 13 May 2004 La purpura de la rosa Mundo Clasico Archived from the original on 4 September 2012 Retrieved 27 August 2022 Craig H Russell 2001 2001 Zumaya Sumaya Manuel de Grove Music Online doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 31064 Frolova Walker 2001 1 988 1730 Sources edit Grove Music Online ed L Macy Accessed 19 January 2007 subscription access Various entries on operas composers and genres Frolova Walker Marina 2001 Russian Federation I Art music Grove Music Online Oxford Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 40456 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 subscription or UK public library membership required Orrey Leslie Milnes Rodney 1987 Opera A Concise History Thames amp Hudson ISBN 9780500202173 Parker Roger ed 1994 The Oxford Illustrated History of Opera London Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 816282 7 Stein Louise K 1999 La purpura de la Rosa Introduction to the critical edition of the score and libretto Ediciones Iberautor Promociones culturales S R L Instituto Complutense de Ciencias Musicales 1999 ISBN 84 8048 292 3 reprinted with permission of the publisher on Mundoclasico com Accessed 5 September 2008 The Viking Opera Guide New York Viking Press 1993 ISBN 0 670 81292 7 Contributions are by noted specialists in their fieldsFurther reading editBoyden Matthew et al 1997 Jonathan Buckley ed Opera the Rough Guide London Penguin ISBN 978 1 85828 138 4 Portals nbsp Opera nbsp Music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of prominent operas amp oldid 1206493012, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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