This is a list of plants that have been domesticated by humans. The list includes individual plant species identified by their common names as well as larger formal and informal botanical categories which include at least some domesticated individuals. Plants in this list are grouped by the original or primary purpose for which they were domesticated, and subsequently by botanical or culinary categories. Plants with more than one significant human use may be listed in multiple categories.
This map shows the sites of domestication for a number of crop plants. Places, where crops were initially domesticated, are called centers of origin.
Plants are considered domesticated when their life cycle, behavior, or appearance has been significantly altered as a result of being under artificial selection by humans for multiple generations (see the main article on domestication for more information). Thousands of distinct plant species have been domesticated throughout human history. Not all modern domesticated plant varieties can be found growing in the wild; many are actually hybrids of two or more naturally occurring species and therefore have no wild counterpart.
Selective breeding enlarged desired traits of the wild mustard plant (Brassica oleracea) over hundreds of years, resulting in dozens of today's agricultural crops. Cabbage, kale, broccoli, and cauliflower were all products of this selective breeding, making them all the same plant.
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This is a list of plants that have been domesticated by humans The list includes individual plant species identified by their common names as well as larger formal and informal botanical categories which include at least some domesticated individuals Plants in this list are grouped by the original or primary purpose for which they were domesticated and subsequently by botanical or culinary categories Plants with more than one significant human use may be listed in multiple categories This map shows the sites of domestication for a number of crop plants Places where crops were initially domesticated are called centers of origin Plants are considered domesticated when their life cycle behavior or appearance has been significantly altered as a result of being under artificial selection by humans for multiple generations see the main article on domestication for more information Thousands of distinct plant species have been domesticated throughout human history Not all modern domesticated plant varieties can be found growing in the wild many are actually hybrids of two or more naturally occurring species and therefore have no wild counterpart Contents 1 Food and cooking 1 1 Fruit trees 1 1 1 Pomes 1 1 2 Citrus fruits 1 1 3 Nut trees 1 1 4 Other 1 2 Cereals 1 2 1 Pseudocereals 1 3 Legumes 1 4 Sweet small plant fruits 1 4 1 Aggregated drupelet berries 1 4 2 True berries 1 4 3 Other 1 5 Vegetables 1 5 1 Non sweet small plant fruits 1 5 2 Root vegetables 1 6 Herbs and spices 1 7 Oil producing plants 2 Commodities 3 Medicinal plants 4 Ornamental plants 5 References 6 See alsoFood and cooking editFruit trees edit Main article List of fruits Pomes edit Main article Pome Apple Malus domestica Asian pear Loquat Japanese medlar Common medlar Pear QuinceCitrus fruits edit Main article Citrus Citron Grapefruit Lemon Lime Orange PomeloNut trees edit Main article Nut fruit Almond Cashew Chestnut Hazelnut Macadamia Pecan Carya illinoinensis Pistachio WalnutOther edit Numerous other trees have been domesticated for their fruits There are more than 100 known domesticated plant species native to the Amazon alone Acai palm Euterpe oleracea American oil palm Apricot Babacu Banana Musa spp Breadfruit Calabash Cherry Cocopalm Durian Durio spp Ensete Fig Ice cream bean Jackfruit Mango Panama hat palm Papaya Carica papaya Passionfruit Peach and Nectarine Peach palm Bactris gasipaes Plum Sapodilla TucumaCereals edit Main article Cereal Barley Finger millet Fonio Foxtail millet Little barley Hordeum pusillum central US pre Columbian Maize called corn in the U S Maygrass Phalaris caroliniana central US pre Columbian Pearl millet Proso millet Oats Rice Rye Sorghum Spelt Teff also tef Triticale Secalotriticum spp a hybrid between wheat and rye Wheat Bread wheat Triticum aestivum Pasta or Durum wheat Triticum durum Einkorn wheat Triticum monococcum Pseudocereals edit Amaranth Buckwheat Job s tears Knotweed bristlegrass erect knotweed New World Pitseed goosefoot Chenopodium berlandieri central US pre Columbian Quinoa Sunflower Helianthus annuus Marshelder sumpweed Iva annua central US pre Columbian Legumes edit Main article Legume Beans eaten dry as pulses or fresh as vegetables Azuki bean Vigna angularis Black eyed pea Vigna unguiculata Chickpea Cicer arietinum Common bean Phaseolus spp including pinto bean kidney bean runner bean Lima bean and others Lentil Lens culinaris Velvet bean Mucuna pruriens Moth bean Vigna aconitifolia Mung bean Vigna radiata Pea Pisum sativum Peanut Arachis hypogaea botanically a legume but often referred to as a culinary nut Jicama Pachyrhizus erosus the most valuable edible part of the plant is the tuberous root rather than the beanSweet small plant fruits edit Aggregated drupelet berries edit Main article Rubus Raspberry BlackberryTrue berries edit Main article Ericaceae Blueberry Cranberry HuckleberryOther edit Currant Grape Melon several species Pineapple Strawberry AvocadoVegetables edit nbsp Selective breeding enlarged desired traits of the wild mustard plant Brassica oleracea over hundreds of years resulting in dozens of today s agricultural crops Cabbage kale broccoli and cauliflower were all products of this selective breeding making them all the same plant Main article List of vegetables Non sweet small plant fruits edit Eggplant aubergine Okra Peppers Squash e g Cucurbita pepo multiple varieties Winter squash Pumpkin Summer squash Zucchini Gourds TomatoRoot vegetables edit Main article Root vegetable Non starchy Beet Carrot Parsnip Radish Turnip Starchy Cassava manioc yuca requires special processing to be edible Potato Sweet potato Taro requires special processing to be edible Yam UbeHerbs and spices edit Main article List of herbs and spices Allspice Basil Cinnamon Coriander also called cilantro Cumin Cuminum cyminum Jasmine Jasminum spp Lemongrass Cymbopogon spp Nutmeg Myristica fragrans Oregano Origanum vulgare Parsley Petroselinum crispum Peppermint Rosemary Salvia rosmarinus Saffron Crocus sativus Spearmint Thyme Thymus vulgaris WintergreenOil producing plants edit Main articles List of vegetable oils and Vegetable oil Olive also eaten directly in many parts of the world Legumes grown principally for oil production Peanut also eaten directly in the United States Soybean also a major livestock feed and export crop and sometimes eaten directly as a snack food Commodities editPlants grown principally as animal fodder or for soil enrichment Alfalfa Clover Many grasses are grown for hay and silageOil producing plants for fuel or lubrication Canola rapeseed OliveUtility plants Bottle gourd used for containers Psychoactive plants for drugs or medicines Belladonna Cannabis Cannabis spp Chocolate Theobroma cacao Coffee Coffea arabica Cola Opium poppy Papaver somniferum Quinine Tea Camellia sinensis TobaccoFiber plants for textiles Cannabis hemp Cotton Flax Henequen sisal henequin etc Jute Kenaf Manila hempMedicinal plants editMain article List of plants used in herbalism Aloe vera Cannabis Chamomile Coca Daisy Ginkgo Ginseng Hoodia Jasmine Lavender Lemon balm Lotus Marigold Milk thistle Moringa Opium Poppy Peppermint Rosemary Sage San pedro cactus Tea treeOrnamental plants editHouseplants Landscaping see List of garden plants References editHeiser C B 1990 Seed to civilization the story of food Harvard University Press Cambridge Massachusetts Simpson B B Conner Ogorzaly M 2000 Economic botany plants in our world McGraw Hill Higher Education Vaughan J G C A Geissler 1997 The new Oxford book of food plants Oxford University Press Oxford See also editBotany Agriculture Crop wild relative Wild type Genomics of domestication Horticulture List of domesticated animals List of domesticated fungi and microorganisms List of useful plants List of poisonous plants Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of domesticated plants amp oldid 1192086939, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
