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Crop wild relative

February 16, 2024

A crop wild relative (CWR) is a wild plant closely related to a domesticated plant. It may be a wild ancestor of the domesticated (cultivated) plant or another closely related taxon.

Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides), a CWR of cultivated wheats (Triticum spp), can be found in northern Israel.
Two conservationists collecting indigenous knowledge on cultural practices that favour CWR populations, from a farmer near Fes, Morocco.

Overview edit

The wild relatives of crop plants constitute an increasingly important resource for improving agricultural production and for maintaining sustainable agro-ecosystems. Their natural selection in the wild accumulates a rich set of useful traits that can be introduced into crop plants by crossing.[1][2][3] With the advent of anthropogenic climate change and greater ecosystem instability CWRs are likely to prove a critical resource in ensuring food security for the new millennium.[4] It was Nikolai Vavilov, the Russian botanist who first realized the importance of crop wild relatives in the early 20th century.[5] Genetic material from CWRs has been utilized by humans for thousands of years to improve the quality and yield of crops. Farmers have used traditional breeding methods for millennia, wild maize (Zea mexicana) is routinely grown alongside maize to promote natural crossing and improve yields. More recently, plant breeders have utilised CWR genes to improve a wide range of crops like rice (Oryza sativa), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and grain legumes.[6][7]

CWRs have contributed many useful genes to crop plants, and modern varieties of most major crops now contain genes from their wild relatives.[8] Therefore, CWRs are wild plants related to socio-economically important species including food, fodder and forage crops, medicinal plants, condiments, ornamental, and forestry species, as well as plants used for industrial purposes, such as oils and fibres, and to which they can contribute beneficial traits. A CWR can be defined as "... a wild plant taxon that has an indirect use derived from its relatively close genetic relationship to a crop...”[9]

Conservation of crop wild relatives edit

 
Example of one of the first genetic reserves established to conserve CWRs near Kalakh al Hosn, Syria

CWRs are essential components of natural and agricultural ecosystems and hence are indispensable for maintaining ecosystem health.[4] Their conservation and sustainable use is very important for improving agricultural production, increasing food security, and maintaining a healthy environment.[10][11][12]

 
Geographic hotspots of distributions of crop wild relatives not represented in genebanks

The natural populations of many CWRs are increasingly at risk. They are threatened by habitat loss through the destruction and degradation of natural environment or their conversion to other uses. Deforestation is leading to the loss of many populations of important wild relatives of fruit, nut, and industrial crops. Populations of wild relatives of cereal crops that occur in arid or semi-arid lands are being severely reduced by over grazing and resulting desertification. The growing industrialization of agriculture is drastically reducing the occurrence of CWRs within the traditional agro-ecosystems. The wise conservation and use of CWRs are essential elements for increasing food security, eliminating poverty, and maintaining the environment.[13]

Conservation strategies for CWRs often consider both in situ and ex situ conservation.[14] These are complementary approaches to CWR conservation, since each has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, whilst ex situ conservation protects CWR (or more correctly, their genes) from threats in the wild, it can limit evolution and adaptation to new environmental challenges.

In 2016, 29% of wild relative plant species were completely missing from the world’s genebanks, with a further 24% represented by fewer than 10 samples. Over 70% of all crop wild relative species worldwide were in urgent need of further collecting to improve their representation in genebanks, and over 95% were insufficiently represented with regard to the full range of geographic and ecological variation in their native distributions. While the most critical priorities for further collecting were found in the Mediterranean and Near East, Western and Southern Europe, Southeast and East Asia, and South America, crop wild relatives insufficiently represented in genebanks are distributed across almost all countries worldwide.[14][15]

Examples of wild relatives edit

Grains edit

Vegetables edit

Note: Many different vegetables share one common ancestor, particularly in the Brassica genus of plants (cruciferous vegetables). Many vegetables are also hybrids of different species, again this is particularly true of Brassicas (see e.g. triangle of U).

Fruits edit

Oilseeds edit

Pulses edit

 
Cajanus scarabaeoides is one of the closest wild relatives to the cultivated pigeonpea and has high drought tolerance and high protein content. Being screened at the campus of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics in Patancheru, India.

Forages edit

Tubers edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Bioversity International, (2006). Crop wild relatives. Bioversity International, Rome.
  2. ^ FAO, (1998). The State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FAO, Rome
  3. ^ FAO, (2008). Establishment of a global network for the in situ conservation of crop wild relatives: status and needs. FAO, Rome
  4. ^ a b Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP (2008). "Crop wild relatives: establishing the context.". In Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Kell SP, Iriondo J, Dulloo E, Turok J (eds.). Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. pp. 3–30.
  5. ^ Vavilov NI (1926). Studies in the origin of cultivated plants. Leningrad: Institute of Applied Botany and Plant Breeding.
  6. ^ Hajjar R, Hodgkin T (2007). "The use of wild relatives in crop improvement: a survey of developments over the last 20 years". Euphytica. 156 (1–2): 1–13. doi:10.1007/s10681-007-9363-0. S2CID 36269581.
  7. ^ Bohra, Abhishek; Kilian, Benjamin; Sivasankar, Shoba; Caccamo, Mario; Mba, Chikelu; McCouch, Susan R.; Varshney, Rajeev K. (2022-04-01). "Reap the crop wild relatives for breeding future crops". Trends in Biotechnology. 40 (4): 412–431. doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.08.009. ISSN 0167-7799. PMID 34629170. S2CID 238580339.
  8. ^ Dempewolf H, Baute G, Anderson J, Kilian B, Smith C, Guarino L (2017-05-06). "Past and Future Use of Wild Relatives in Crop Breeding". Crop Science. 57 (3): 1070–1082. doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.10.0885. ISSN 0011-183X.
  9. ^ Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV, Jury SL, Kell SP, Scholten MA (2006). "Towards a definition of a crop wild relative". Biodiversity and Conservation. 15 (8): 2673–2685. doi:10.1007/s10531-005-5409-6. S2CID 26885014.
  10. ^ Hawkes JG, Maxted N, Ford-Lloyd BV (2000). The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Dordrecht: Kluwer. pp. 1–250.
  11. ^ Heywood VH, Dulloo ME (2006). "In Situ Conservation of Wild Plant Species – a Critical Global Review of Good Practices. IPGRI Technical Bulletin No. 11. IPGRI, Rome". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Meilleur BA, Hodgkin T (2004). "In situ conservation of crop wild relatives: Status and trends". Biodiversity and Conservation. 13 (4): 663–684. doi:10.1023/b:bioc.0000011719.03230.17. S2CID 3064850.
  13. ^ Tanksley SD, McCouch SR (August 1997). "Seed banks and molecular maps: unlocking genetic potential from the wild". Science. 277 (5329): 1063–6. doi:10.1126/science.277.5329.1063. PMID 9262467.
  14. ^ a b Taylor NG, Kell SP, Holubec V, Parra-Quijano M, Maxted N (2017). "A systematic conservation strategy for crop wild relatives in the Czech Republic" (PDF). Diversity and Distributions. 23 (4): 448–462. Bibcode:2017DivDi..23..448T. doi:10.1111/ddi.12539.
  15. ^ Castañeda-Álvarez, Nora P.; Khoury, Colin K.; Achicanoy, Harold A.; Bernau, Vivian; Dempewolf, Hannes; Eastwood, Ruth J.; Guarino, Luigi; Harker, Ruth H.; Jarvis, Andy; Maxted, Nigel; Müller, Jonas V. (2016-03-21). "Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives". Nature Plants. 2 (4): 16022. doi:10.1038/nplants.2016.22. ISSN 2055-0278. PMID 27249561. S2CID 7174536.
  16. ^ Dida, Mathews M.; Oduori, Chrispus A.; Manthi, Samuel J.; Avosa, Millicent O.; Mikwa, Erick O.; Ojulong, Henry F.; Odeny, Damaris A. (2021). "Novel sources of resistance to blast disease in finger millet". Crop Science. 61 (1): 250–262. doi:10.1002/csc2.20378. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 225135026.
  17. ^ Rehman, Sajid; Amouzoune, Mariam; Hiddar, Houda; Aberkane, Hafid; Benkirane, Rachid; Filali-Maltouf, Abdelkarim; Al-Jaboobi, Muamar; Acqbouch, Leila; Tsivelikas, Athanasios; Verma, Ramesh Pal Singh; Kehel, Zakaria (2021). "Traits discovery in Hordeum vulgare sbsp. spontaneum accessions and in lines derived from interspecific crosses with wild Hordeum species for enhancing barley breeding efforts". Crop Science. 61 (1): 219–233. doi:10.1002/csc2.20360. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 225167970.
  18. ^ Tin, Huynh Quang; Loi, Nguyen Huu; Labarosa, Sandy Jan E.; McNally, Kenneth L.; McCouch, Susan; Kilian, Benjamin (2021). "Phenotypic response of farmer-selected CWR-derived rice lines to salt stress in the Mekong Delta". Crop Science. 61 (1): 201–218. doi:10.1002/csc2.20354. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 229546947.
  19. ^ Sharma, Shivali; Sharma, Rajan; Govindaraj, Mahalingam; Mahala, Rajendra Singh; Satyavathi, C. Tara; Srivastava, Rakesh K.; Gumma, Murali Krishna; Kilian, Benjamin (2021). "Harnessing wild relatives of pearl millet for germplasm enhancement: Challenges and opportunities". Crop Science. 61 (1): 177–200. doi:10.1002/csc2.20343. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 224875047.
  20. ^ Ochieng, Grace; Ngugi, Kahiu; Wamalwa, Lydia N.; Manyasa, Eric; Muchira, Nicoleta; Nyamongo, Desterio; Odeny, Damaris A. (2021). "Novel sources of drought tolerance from landraces and wild sorghum relatives". Crop Science. 61 (1): 104–118. doi:10.1002/csc2.20300. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 225470264.
  21. ^ Simon, Philipp W.; Rolling, William R.; Senalik, Douglas; Bolton, Adam L.; Rahim, M. A.; Mannan, A. T. M. Majharul; Islam, Ferdouse; Ali, A.; Nijabat, A.; Naveed, Naima Huma; Hussain, Rameez (2021). "Wild carrot diversity for new sources of abiotic stress tolerance to strengthen vegetable breeding in Bangladesh and Pakistan". Crop Science. 61 (1): 163–176. doi:10.1002/csc2.20333. ISSN 1435-0653.
  22. ^ Eyland, David; Breton, Catherine; Sardos, Julie; Kallow, Simon; Panis, Bart; Swennen, Rony; Paofa, Janet; Tardieu, François; Welcker, Claude; Janssens, Steven B.; Carpentier, Sebastien C. (2021). "Filling the gaps in gene banks: Collecting, characterizing, and phenotyping wild banana relatives of Papua New Guinea". Crop Science. 61 (1): 137–149. doi:10.1002/csc2.20320. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 225195460.
  23. ^ Kouassi, Abou Bakari; Kouassi, Koffi Brice Aymar; Sylla, Zakaria; Plazas, Mariola; Fonseka, Ramya Malkanthi; Kouassi, Auguste; Fonseka, Hemal; N'guetta, Assanvo Simon-Pierre; Prohens, Jaime (2021). "Genetic parameters of drought tolerance for agromorphological traits in eggplant, wild relatives, and interspecific hybrids". Crop Science. 61 (1): 55–68. doi:10.1002/csc2.20250. hdl:10251/196627. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 225378001.
  24. ^ Abdallah, Fadoua; Kumar, Shiv; Amri, Ahmed; Mentag, Rachid; Kehel, Zakaria; Mejri, Rajia Kchaou; Triqui, Zine El Abidine; Hejjaoui, Kamal; Baum, Michael; Amri, Moez (2021). "Wild Lathyrus species as a great source of resistance for introgression into cultivated grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) against broomrape weeds (Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Orobanche foetida Poir.)". Crop Science. 61 (1): 263–276. doi:10.1002/csc2.20399. ISSN 1435-0653.
  25. ^ Khoury, Colin K.; Castañeda-Alvarez, Nora P.; Achicanoy, Harold A.; Sosa, Chrystian C.; Bernau, Vivian; Kassa, Mulualem T.; Norton, Sally L.; van der Maesen, L. Jos G.; Upadhyaya, Hari D.; Ramírez-Villegas, Julian; Jarvis, Andy (2015-04-01). "Crop wild relatives of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]: Distributions, ex situ conservation status, and potential genetic resources for abiotic stress tolerance". Biological Conservation. 184: 259–270. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.032. ISSN 0006-3207.
  26. ^ Sharma, Shivali; Lavale, Shivaji Ajinath; Nimje, Chetna; Singh, Sube (2021). "Characterization and identification of annual wild Cicer species for seed protein and mineral concentrations for chickpea improvement". Crop Science. 61 (1): 305–319. doi:10.1002/csc2.20413. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 233360422.
  27. ^ Humphries, Alan W.; Ovalle, Carlos; Hughes, Steve; Pozo, Alejandro del; Inostroza, Luis; Barahona, Viviana; Yu, Linqing; Yerzhanova, Sakysh; Rowe, Trevor; Hill, Jeff; Meiirman, Galiolla (2021). "Characterization and pre-breeding of diverse alfalfa wild relatives originating from drought-stressed environments". Crop Science. 61 (1): 69–88. doi:10.1002/csc2.20274. ISSN 1435-0653.
  28. ^ Nhanala, Stella E. C.; Yencho, G. Craig (2021). "Assessment of the potential of wild Ipomoea spp. for the improvement of drought tolerance in cultivated sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam". Crop Science. 61 (1): 234–249. doi:10.1002/csc2.20363. ISSN 1435-0653. S2CID 224985206.

External links edit

  • Crop Wild Relatives Inventory and Gap Analysis
  • European Crop Wild Relative Diversity Assessment and Conservation Forum
  • Beyond the Gardens: The Crop Wild Relatives Project (Vimeo Video)
  • A short video on emmer wheat.
  • Atlas of Guatemalan Crop Wild Relatives
  • Bioversity International - Crop Wild Relatives

February 16, 2024
crop, wild, relative, this, article, missing, information, about, levels, relatedness, gene, flow, weedy, cwrs, both, mentioned, 3390, d13100463, please, expand, article, include, this, information, further, details, exist, talk, page, february, 2022, crop, wi. This article is missing information about levels of relatedness for gene flow weedy CWRs both mentioned in doi 10 3390 d13100463 Please expand the article to include this information Further details may exist on the talk page February 2022 A crop wild relative CWR is a wild plant closely related to a domesticated plant It may be a wild ancestor of the domesticated cultivated plant or another closely related taxon Wild emmer wheat Triticum dicoccoides a CWR of cultivated wheats Triticum spp can be found in northern Israel Two conservationists collecting indigenous knowledge on cultural practices that favour CWR populations from a farmer near Fes Morocco Contents 1 Overview 2 Conservation of crop wild relatives 3 Examples of wild relatives 3 1 Grains 3 2 Vegetables 3 3 Fruits 3 4 Oilseeds 3 5 Pulses 3 6 Forages 3 7 Tubers 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksOverview editThe wild relatives of crop plants constitute an increasingly important resource for improving agricultural production and for maintaining sustainable agro ecosystems Their natural selection in the wild accumulates a rich set of useful traits that can be introduced into crop plants by crossing 1 2 3 With the advent of anthropogenic climate change and greater ecosystem instability CWRs are likely to prove a critical resource in ensuring food security for the new millennium 4 It was Nikolai Vavilov the Russian botanist who first realized the importance of crop wild relatives in the early 20th century 5 Genetic material from CWRs has been utilized by humans for thousands of years to improve the quality and yield of crops Farmers have used traditional breeding methods for millennia wild maize Zea mexicana is routinely grown alongside maize to promote natural crossing and improve yields More recently plant breeders have utilised CWR genes to improve a wide range of crops like rice Oryza sativa tomato Solanum lycopersicum and grain legumes 6 7 CWRs have contributed many useful genes to crop plants and modern varieties of most major crops now contain genes from their wild relatives 8 Therefore CWRs are wild plants related to socio economically important species including food fodder and forage crops medicinal plants condiments ornamental and forestry species as well as plants used for industrial purposes such as oils and fibres and to which they can contribute beneficial traits A CWR can be defined as a wild plant taxon that has an indirect use derived from its relatively close genetic relationship to a crop 9 Conservation of crop wild relatives edit nbsp Example of one of the first genetic reserves established to conserve CWRs near Kalakh al Hosn SyriaCWRs are essential components of natural and agricultural ecosystems and hence are indispensable for maintaining ecosystem health 4 Their conservation and sustainable use is very important for improving agricultural production increasing food security and maintaining a healthy environment 10 11 12 nbsp Geographic hotspots of distributions of crop wild relatives not represented in genebanksThe natural populations of many CWRs are increasingly at risk They are threatened by habitat loss through the destruction and degradation of natural environment or their conversion to other uses Deforestation is leading to the loss of many populations of important wild relatives of fruit nut and industrial crops Populations of wild relatives of cereal crops that occur in arid or semi arid lands are being severely reduced by over grazing and resulting desertification The growing industrialization of agriculture is drastically reducing the occurrence of CWRs within the traditional agro ecosystems The wise conservation and use of CWRs are essential elements for increasing food security eliminating poverty and maintaining the environment 13 Conservation strategies for CWRs often consider both in situ and ex situ conservation 14 These are complementary approaches to CWR conservation since each has its own advantages and disadvantages For example whilst ex situ conservation protects CWR or more correctly their genes from threats in the wild it can limit evolution and adaptation to new environmental challenges In 2016 29 of wild relative plant species were completely missing from the world s genebanks with a further 24 represented by fewer than 10 samples Over 70 of all crop wild relative species worldwide were in urgent need of further collecting to improve their representation in genebanks and over 95 were insufficiently represented with regard to the full range of geographic and ecological variation in their native distributions While the most critical priorities for further collecting were found in the Mediterranean and Near East Western and Southern Europe Southeast and East Asia and South America crop wild relatives insufficiently represented in genebanks are distributed across almost all countries worldwide 14 15 Examples of wild relatives editGrains edit Oats Avena sativa Avena byzantina Quinoa Chenopodium quinoa Chenopodium berlandieri Finger Millet Eleusine coracana Eleusine africana 16 Barley Hordeum vulgare Hordeum arizonicum and Hordeum spontaneum 17 Rice Oryza sativa Oryza rufipogon 18 African Rice Oryza glaberrima Oryza barthii Pearl Millet Pennisetum glaucum Pennisetum purpureum 19 Rye Secale cerealesubsp cereale Secale cerealesubsp dighoricum Sorghum Sorghum bicolor Sorghum arundinaceum and Sorghum halepense 20 Broom millet Panicum miliaceum Panicum fauriei Wheat Triticum aestivum Einkorn wheat Triticum monococcum Maize Zea mayssubsp mays Zea diploperennisVegetables edit Note Many different vegetables share one common ancestor particularly in the Brassica genus of plants cruciferous vegetables Many vegetables are also hybrids of different species again this is particularly true of Brassicas see e g triangle of U Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Asparagus dauricus Beet Beta vulgarissubsp vulgaris Beta vulgarissubsp maritima Black Mustard Brassica nigra Wild mustard Sinapis arvensis Cabbage Brassica oleracea var capitata Brassica elongata Carrot Daucus carota Daucus gracilis 21 Garlic Allium sativumvar sativum Allium atroviolaceum Leek Allium ampeloprasum Welsh onion Allium fistulosum Lettuce Lactuca sativa Prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola Mustard Brassica junceasubsp juncea Brassica carinata Onion Allium cepavar cepa Allium galanthum Rape Brassica napusvar napus Common dogmustard Erucastrum gallicum Spinach Spinacea oleracea Spinacia turkestanica Squash Cucurbita peposubsp pepo Cucurbita okeechobeensis Turnip Brassica rapasubsp rapa Brassica rapaFruits edit Almond Prunus dulcis Chinese plum Prunus salicina and many others Apple Malus domestica mostly Malus sieversii but with some cultivars perhaps belonging to Malus sylvestris or being a hybrid of the two Apricot Prunus armeniaca Prunus brigantina Avocado Persea americana Persea schiedeana Banana Musa acuminata Musa balbisiana and Musa schizocarpa 22 Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis Jackfruit Artocarpus heterphyllus Cacao Theobroma cacao Theobroma angustifolium Cherry Prunus avium Prunus mahaleb Cucumber Cucumis sativus Cucumis hystrix Eggplant Solanum melongena Thorn apple Solanum incanum Solanum insanum 23 Grape Vitis vinifera European wild grape Vitis sylvestris Hybrids exist also including other Vitis species Grapefruit Citrus paradisi Citrus medica Lemon Citrus limon Citrus indica Mango Mangifera indica Mangifera altissima Orange Citrus sinensis Key lime Citrus aurantiifolia Papaya Carica papaya Jarilla chocola Peach Prunus persicavar persica Prunus tomentosa Pear Pyrus communis Pyrus pyraster and Pyrus caucasica Pepper Capsicum annuum Capsicum baccatum Pineapple Ananas comosus Ananas bracteatus Plum Prunus domesticussubsp domestica Prunus spinosa and Prunus cerasifera Pumpkin Cucurbita maximasubsp maxima Cucurbita ecuadorensis Strawberry Fragaria ananassa Tomato Solanum lycopersicum Solanum chilense Watermelon Citrullus lanatusvar lanatus Bitter apple Citrullus colocynthis Oilseeds edit Peanut Arachis hypogaea subsp hypogaea Arachis duranensis Sunflower Helianthus annuus Helianthus exilis Soya Glycine max Glycine clandestina Safflower Carthamus tinctorius Carthamus creticus Rapeseed Brassica napus Brassica rapa Brassica oleraceaPulses edit nbsp Cajanus scarabaeoides is one of the closest wild relatives to the cultivated pigeonpea and has high drought tolerance and high protein content Being screened at the campus of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics in Patancheru India Lentil Lens culinaris Lens ervoides Garden Pea Pisum sativum Pisum fulvum Butter Bean Phaseolus lunatus Phaseolus augusti Garden Bean Phaseolus vulgaris Phaseolus coccineus Faba Bean Vicia faba Vicia johannis Grasspea Lathyrus sativus Lathyrus tuberosus 24 Cowpea Vigna unguiculata Vigna monantha Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea Vigna hosei Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan Cajanus albicans Cajanus scarabaeoides Cajanus sericeus Cajanus acutifolius 25 Chickpea Cicer arietinum Cicer reticulatum Cicer echinospermum 26 Vetch Vicia sativa Vicia barbazitae Adzuki bean Vigna angularisvar angularis Vigna umbellata Black gram bean Vigna mungovar mungo Vigna grandiflora Mung bean Vigna radiatavar radiata Vigna stipulaceaForages edit Alfalfa Medicago sativa Medicago arborea and Medicago truncatula 27 Tubers edit Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea triloba Ipomoea cynanchifolia Ipomoea leucantha and Ipomoea trifida 28 Cassava Manihot esculentasubsp esculenta Manihot walkerae Potato Solanum tuberosum Solanum chacoenseSee also editList of domesticated plants Wild type Agricultural biodiversity Agriculture Agronomy Gene pool Australian Grains Genebank Plant genetic resourcesReferences edit Bioversity International 2006 Crop wild relatives Bioversity International Rome FAO 1998 The State of the World s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture FAO Rome FAO 2008 Establishment of a global network for the in situ conservation of crop wild relatives status and needs FAO Rome a b Maxted N Ford Lloyd BV Kell SP 2008 Crop wild relatives establishing the context In Maxted N Ford Lloyd BV Kell SP Iriondo J Dulloo E Turok J eds Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use Wallingford CABI Publishing pp 3 30 Vavilov NI 1926 Studies in the origin of cultivated plants Leningrad Institute of Applied Botany and Plant Breeding Hajjar R Hodgkin T 2007 The use of wild relatives in crop improvement a survey of developments over the last 20 years Euphytica 156 1 2 1 13 doi 10 1007 s10681 007 9363 0 S2CID 36269581 Bohra Abhishek Kilian Benjamin Sivasankar Shoba Caccamo Mario Mba Chikelu McCouch Susan R Varshney Rajeev K 2022 04 01 Reap the crop wild relatives for breeding future crops Trends in Biotechnology 40 4 412 431 doi 10 1016 j tibtech 2021 08 009 ISSN 0167 7799 PMID 34629170 S2CID 238580339 Dempewolf H Baute G Anderson J Kilian B Smith C Guarino L 2017 05 06 Past and Future Use of Wild Relatives in Crop Breeding Crop Science 57 3 1070 1082 doi 10 2135 cropsci2016 10 0885 ISSN 0011 183X Maxted N Ford Lloyd BV Jury SL Kell SP Scholten MA 2006 Towards a definition of a crop wild relative Biodiversity and Conservation 15 8 2673 2685 doi 10 1007 s10531 005 5409 6 S2CID 26885014 Hawkes JG Maxted N Ford Lloyd BV 2000 The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources Dordrecht Kluwer pp 1 250 Heywood VH Dulloo ME 2006 In Situ Conservation of Wild Plant Species a Critical Global Review of Good Practices IPGRI Technical Bulletin No 11 IPGRI Rome a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Meilleur BA Hodgkin T 2004 In situ conservation of crop wild relatives Status and trends Biodiversity and Conservation 13 4 663 684 doi 10 1023 b bioc 0000011719 03230 17 S2CID 3064850 Tanksley SD McCouch SR August 1997 Seed banks and molecular maps unlocking genetic potential from the wild Science 277 5329 1063 6 doi 10 1126 science 277 5329 1063 PMID 9262467 a b Taylor NG Kell SP Holubec V Parra Quijano M Maxted N 2017 A systematic conservation strategy for crop wild relatives in the Czech Republic PDF Diversity and Distributions 23 4 448 462 Bibcode 2017DivDi 23 448T doi 10 1111 ddi 12539 Castaneda Alvarez Nora P Khoury Colin K Achicanoy Harold A Bernau Vivian Dempewolf Hannes Eastwood Ruth J Guarino Luigi Harker Ruth H Jarvis Andy Maxted Nigel Muller Jonas V 2016 03 21 Global conservation priorities for crop wild relatives Nature Plants 2 4 16022 doi 10 1038 nplants 2016 22 ISSN 2055 0278 PMID 27249561 S2CID 7174536 Dida Mathews M Oduori Chrispus A Manthi Samuel J Avosa Millicent O Mikwa Erick O Ojulong Henry F Odeny Damaris A 2021 Novel sources of resistance to blast disease in finger millet Crop Science 61 1 250 262 doi 10 1002 csc2 20378 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 225135026 Rehman Sajid Amouzoune Mariam Hiddar Houda Aberkane Hafid Benkirane Rachid Filali Maltouf Abdelkarim Al Jaboobi Muamar Acqbouch Leila Tsivelikas Athanasios Verma Ramesh Pal Singh Kehel Zakaria 2021 Traits discovery in Hordeum vulgare sbsp spontaneum accessions and in lines derived from interspecific crosses with wild Hordeum species for enhancing barley breeding efforts Crop Science 61 1 219 233 doi 10 1002 csc2 20360 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 225167970 Tin Huynh Quang Loi Nguyen Huu Labarosa Sandy Jan E McNally Kenneth L McCouch Susan Kilian Benjamin 2021 Phenotypic response of farmer selected CWR derived rice lines to salt stress in the Mekong Delta Crop Science 61 1 201 218 doi 10 1002 csc2 20354 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 229546947 Sharma Shivali Sharma Rajan Govindaraj Mahalingam Mahala Rajendra Singh Satyavathi C Tara Srivastava Rakesh K Gumma Murali Krishna Kilian Benjamin 2021 Harnessing wild relatives of pearl millet for germplasm enhancement Challenges and opportunities Crop Science 61 1 177 200 doi 10 1002 csc2 20343 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 224875047 Ochieng Grace Ngugi Kahiu Wamalwa Lydia N Manyasa Eric Muchira Nicoleta Nyamongo Desterio Odeny Damaris A 2021 Novel sources of drought tolerance from landraces and wild sorghum relatives Crop Science 61 1 104 118 doi 10 1002 csc2 20300 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 225470264 Simon Philipp W Rolling William R Senalik Douglas Bolton Adam L Rahim M A Mannan A T M Majharul Islam Ferdouse Ali A Nijabat A Naveed Naima Huma Hussain Rameez 2021 Wild carrot diversity for new sources of abiotic stress tolerance to strengthen vegetable breeding in Bangladesh and Pakistan Crop Science 61 1 163 176 doi 10 1002 csc2 20333 ISSN 1435 0653 Eyland David Breton Catherine Sardos Julie Kallow Simon Panis Bart Swennen Rony Paofa Janet Tardieu Francois Welcker Claude Janssens Steven B Carpentier Sebastien C 2021 Filling the gaps in gene banks Collecting characterizing and phenotyping wild banana relatives of Papua New Guinea Crop Science 61 1 137 149 doi 10 1002 csc2 20320 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 225195460 Kouassi Abou Bakari Kouassi Koffi Brice Aymar Sylla Zakaria Plazas Mariola Fonseka Ramya Malkanthi Kouassi Auguste Fonseka Hemal N guetta Assanvo Simon Pierre Prohens Jaime 2021 Genetic parameters of drought tolerance for agromorphological traits in eggplant wild relatives and interspecific hybrids Crop Science 61 1 55 68 doi 10 1002 csc2 20250 hdl 10251 196627 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 225378001 Abdallah Fadoua Kumar Shiv Amri Ahmed Mentag Rachid Kehel Zakaria Mejri Rajia Kchaou Triqui Zine El Abidine Hejjaoui Kamal Baum Michael Amri Moez 2021 Wild Lathyrus species as a great source of resistance for introgression into cultivated grass pea Lathyrus sativus L against broomrape weeds Orobanche crenata Forsk and Orobanche foetida Poir Crop Science 61 1 263 276 doi 10 1002 csc2 20399 ISSN 1435 0653 Khoury Colin K Castaneda Alvarez Nora P Achicanoy Harold A Sosa Chrystian C Bernau Vivian Kassa Mulualem T Norton Sally L van der Maesen L Jos G Upadhyaya Hari D Ramirez Villegas Julian Jarvis Andy 2015 04 01 Crop wild relatives of pigeonpea Cajanus cajan L Millsp Distributions ex situ conservation status and potential genetic resources for abiotic stress tolerance Biological Conservation 184 259 270 doi 10 1016 j biocon 2015 01 032 ISSN 0006 3207 Sharma Shivali Lavale Shivaji Ajinath Nimje Chetna Singh Sube 2021 Characterization and identification of annual wild Cicer species for seed protein and mineral concentrations for chickpea improvement Crop Science 61 1 305 319 doi 10 1002 csc2 20413 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 233360422 Humphries Alan W Ovalle Carlos Hughes Steve Pozo Alejandro del Inostroza Luis Barahona Viviana Yu Linqing Yerzhanova Sakysh Rowe Trevor Hill Jeff Meiirman Galiolla 2021 Characterization and pre breeding of diverse alfalfa wild relatives originating from drought stressed environments Crop Science 61 1 69 88 doi 10 1002 csc2 20274 ISSN 1435 0653 Nhanala Stella E C Yencho G Craig 2021 Assessment of the potential of wild Ipomoea spp for the improvement of drought tolerance in cultivated sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas L Lam Crop Science 61 1 234 249 doi 10 1002 csc2 20363 ISSN 1435 0653 S2CID 224985206 External links editCrop Wild Relatives Inventory and Gap Analysis European Crop Wild Relative Diversity Assessment and Conservation Forum Beyond the Gardens The Crop Wild Relatives Project Vimeo Video 1 A short video on emmer wheat Short DIVERSEEDS video on crop wild relatives in the fertile crescent in Israel Atlas of Guatemalan Crop Wild Relatives Bioversity International Crop Wild Relatives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crop wild relative amp oldid 1193487139, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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