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List of capitals in the United States

February 15, 2024

For a list of capitol buildings, see List of state and territorial capitols in the United States.

This is a list of capital cities of the United States, including places that serve or have served as federal, state, insular area, territorial, colonial and Native American capitals.

States (highlighted in purple) whose capital city is also their most populous
States (highlighted in blue) that have changed their capital city at least once

Washington has been the federal capital of the United States since 1800. Each U.S. state has its own capital city, as do many of its insular areas. Most states have not changed their capital city since becoming a state, but the capital cities of their respective preceding colonies, territories, kingdoms, and republics typically changed multiple times. There have also been other governments within the current borders of the United States with their own capitals, such as the Republic of Texas, Native American nations, and other unrecognized governments.

National capitals edit

See also: § Colonies of British America
 
The Second Continental Congress and the Congress of the Confederation met at Independence Hall at various times between 1775 and 1782, and The U.S Congress met at the adjacent Congress Hall in the 1790s.
 
Federal Hall memorial in New York City: in an earlier building on this site, the United States Congress convened for the first time under the United States Constitution in 1789 and George Washington was sworn in as the first president
 
The west front of the current United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.

The buildings in cities identified in below chart served either as official capitals of the United States under the United States Constitution, or, prior to its ratification, sites where the Second Continental Congress or Congress of the Confederation met. The United States did not have a permanent capital under the Articles of Confederation.

The U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1787, and gave the Congress the power to exercise "exclusive legislation" over a district that "may, by Cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States."[1] The 1st Congress met at Federal Hall in New York.[2] In 1790, it passed the Residence Act, which established the national capital at a site along the Potomac River that would become Washington, D.C.[3] For the next ten years, Philadelphia served as the temporary capital.[4] There, Congress met at Congress Hall.[5] On November 17, 1800, the 6th United States Congress formally convened in Washington, D.C.[4] Congress has met outside of Washington only twice since: on July 16, 1987, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of ratification of the Constitution;[6] and at Federal Hall National Memorial in New York on September 6, 2002, to mark the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks.[7] Both meetings were ceremonial.

City Building Start date End date Duration Ref
Second Continental Congress
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Independence Hall July 4, 1776 (convened May 10, 1775, prior to independence) December 12, 1776 5 months and 8 days [8]
Baltimore, Maryland Henry Fite House December 20, 1776 February 27, 1777 2 months and 7 days [9]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Independence Hall March 5, 1777 September 18, 1777 6 months and 13 days [10]
Lancaster, Pennsylvania Court House September 27, 1777 September 27, 1777 1 day [10]
York, Pennsylvania Court House (now Colonial Court House) September 30, 1777 June 27, 1778 8 months and 28 days [10]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania College Hall of the University of Pennsylvania

(Extensive damage to Independence Hall during the British Occupation of Philadelphia, necessitated this temporary meeting place)

July 2, 1778 July 13, 1778 11 days [11][12][13]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Independence Hall July 14, 1778 March 1, 1781 2 years, 7 months and 15 days [14]
Congress of the Confederation
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Independence Hall March 2, 1781 June 21, 1783 2 years, 3 months and 19 days [15]
Princeton, New Jersey[a] Nassau Hall June 30, 1783 November 4, 1783 4 months and 5 days [15]
Annapolis, Maryland Maryland State House November 26, 1783 August 19, 1784 8 months and 24 days [15]
Trenton, New Jersey French Arms Tavern November 1, 1784 December 24, 1784 1 month and 23 days [15]
New York, New York Federal Hall January 11, 1785 October 6, 1788 3 years, 11 months and 5 days [15]
New York, New York Walter Livingston House October 6, 1788 March 3, 1789 4 months and 25 days [15]
United States Congress
New York, New York Federal Hall March 4, 1789 December 5, 1790 1 year, 9 months and 1 day [15]
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Congress Hall December 6, 1790 May 14, 1800 9 years, 5 months and 8 days[b] [15]
Washington, D.C. United States Capitol November 17, 1800[c] August 24, 1814[d] 13 years, 9 months and 7 days [15]
Washington, D.C. Blodgett's Hotel September 19, 1814 December 7, 1815 1 year, 2 months and 18 days [18]
Washington, D.C. Old Brick Capitol December 4, 1815 March 3, 1819 3 years, 2 months and 27 days [19]
Washington, D.C. United States Capitol March 4, 1819 Present 204 years, 11 months and 9 days [20]

State capitals edit

Each state has a capital that serves as the seat of its government. Ten of the thirteen original states and 15 other states have changed their capital city at least once; the last state to move its capital city was Oklahoma in 1910.

In the following table, the "Since" column shows the year that the city began serving as the state's capital (or the capital of the entities that preceded it). The MSA/µSA and CSA columns display the population of the metro area the city is a part of, and should not be construed to mean the population of the city's sphere of influence or that the city is an anchor for the metro area. Fields colored light yellow denote that the population is a micropolitan statistical area.

State Capital Since Area Population (2020 US Census) City rank in state
City MSA/µSA CSA
Alabama Montgomery 1846 159.8 sq mi (414 km2) 200,603 386,047 476,207 3
Alaska Juneau 1906 2,716.7 sq mi (7,036 km2) 32,255 32,255 3
Arizona Phoenix 1912 517.6 sq mi (1,341 km2) 1,608,139 4,845,832 4,899,104 1
Arkansas Little Rock 1821 116.2 sq mi (301 km2) 202,591 748,031 912,604 1
California Sacramento 1854 97.9 sq mi (254 km2) 524,943 2,397,382 2,680,831 6
Colorado Denver 1867 153.3 sq mi (397 km2) 715,522 2,963,821 3,623,560 1
Connecticut Hartford 1875 17.3 sq mi (45 km2) 121,054 1,213,531 1,482,086 4
Delaware Dover 1777 22.4 sq mi (58 km2) 39,403 181,851 7,379,700 2
Florida Tallahassee 1824 95.7 sq mi (248 km2) 196,169 384,298 8
Georgia Atlanta 1868 133.5 sq mi (346 km2) 498,715 6,089,815 6,930,423 1
Hawaii Honolulu 1845 68.4 sq mi (177 km2) 350,964 1,016,508 1
Idaho Boise 1865 63.8 sq mi (165 km2) 235,684 764,718 850,341 1
Illinois Springfield 1837 54.0 sq mi (140 km2) 114,394 208,640 308,523 7
Indiana Indianapolis 1825 361.5 sq mi (936 km2) 887,642 2,111,040 2,492,514 1
Iowa Des Moines 1857 75.8 sq mi (196 km2) 214,133 709,466 890,322 1
Kansas Topeka 1856 56.0 sq mi (145 km2) 126,587 233,152 5
Kentucky Frankfort 1792 14.7 sq mi (38 km2) 28,602 75,393 746,045 15
Louisiana Baton Rouge 1880 76.8 sq mi (199 km2) 227,470 870,569 2
Maine Augusta 1832 55.4 sq mi (143 km2) 18,899 123,642 10
Maryland Annapolis 1694 6.73 sq mi (17 km2) 40,812 2,844,510 9,973,383 7
Massachusetts Boston 1630 89.6 sq mi (232 km2) 675,647 4,941,632 8,466,186 1
Michigan Lansing 1847 35.0 sq mi (91 km2) 112,644 541,297 5
Minnesota Saint Paul 1849 52.8 sq mi (137 km2) 311,527 3,690,261 4,078,788 2
Mississippi Jackson 1821 104.9 sq mi (272 km2) 153,701 591,978 671,607 1
Missouri Jefferson City 1826 27.3 sq mi (71 km2) 43,228 150,309 15
Montana Helena 1875 14.0 sq mi (36 km2) 32,091 83,058 6
Nebraska Lincoln 1867 74.6 sq mi (193 km2) 291,082 340,217 361,921 2
Nevada Carson City 1861 143.4 sq mi (371 km2) 58,639 58,639 657,958 6
New Hampshire Concord 1808 64.3 sq mi (167 km2) 43,976 153,808 8,466,186 3
New Jersey Trenton 1784 7.66 sq mi (20 km2) 90,871 387,340 23,582,649 10
New Mexico Santa Fe 1610 37.3 sq mi (97 km2) 87,505 154,823 1,162,523 4
New York Albany 1797 21.4 sq mi (55 km2) 99,224 899,262 1,190,727 6
North Carolina Raleigh 1792 114.6 sq mi (297 km2) 467,665 1,413,982 2,106,463 2
North Dakota Bismarck 1883 26.9 sq mi (70 km2) 73,622 133,626 2
Ohio Columbus 1816 210.3 sq mi (545 km2) 905,748 2,138,926 2,544,048 1
Oklahoma Oklahoma City 1910 620.3 sq mi (1,607 km2) 681,054 1,425,695 1,498,149 1
Oregon Salem 1855 45.7 sq mi (118 km2) 175,535 433,353 3,280,736 3
Pennsylvania Harrisburg 1812 8.11 sq mi (21 km2) 50,099 591,712 1,295,259 9
Rhode Island Providence 1900 18.5 sq mi (48 km2) 190,934 1,676,579 8,466,186 1
South Carolina Columbia 1786 125.2 sq mi (324 km2) 136,632 829,470 951,412 2
South Dakota Pierre 1889 13.0 sq mi (34 km2) 14,091 20,745 9
Tennessee Nashville 1826 525.9 sq mi (1,362 km2) 689,447 1,989,519 2,118,233 1
Texas Austin 1839 305.1 sq mi (790 km2) 961,855 2,283,371 4
Utah Salt Lake City 1858 109.1 sq mi (283 km2) 199,723 1,257,936 2,701,129 1
Vermont Montpelier 1805 10.2 sq mi (26 km2) 8,074 59,807 285,369 6
Virginia Richmond 1780 60.1 sq mi (156 km2) 226,610 1,314,434 4
Washington Olympia 1853 16.7 sq mi (43 km2) 55,605 294,793 4,953,421 23
West Virginia Charleston 1885 31.6 sq mi (82 km2) 48,864 258,859 779,969 1
Wisconsin Madison 1838 68.7 sq mi (178 km2) 269,840 680,796 910,246 2
Wyoming Cheyenne 1869 21.1 sq mi (55 km2) 65,132 100,512 1
[21][22][23]

Insular area capitals edit

An insular area is a United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia, the nation's federal district. Those insular areas with territorial capitals are listed below.

Capitals of United States Insular Areas
Insular area Capital Since Pop. (2010) Notes
American Samoa Pago Pago 1899 3,656 Pago Pago refers to both a village and a group of villages, one of which is Fagatogo, the official seat of government stated in the territory's constitution.
Guam Hagåtña 1898 1,051 Dededo is the area's largest village.
Northern Mariana Islands Saipan 1947 48,220 Since the entire island, of 46 sq mi (120 km2), is organized as a single municipality, most publications designate the whole of Saipan as the Commonwealth's capital. Most government functions are based in the Capitol Hill village, except for the judicial branch which is located in Susupe.
Puerto Rico San Juan 1898 395,326 The oldest continuously inhabited U.S. state or territorial capital, San Juan was originally called Puerto Rico while the island was called San Juan Bautista.
U.S. Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie 1917 18,481 Like the rest of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Charlotte Amalie (located on the island of Saint Thomas) has no local government and is directly administered by the territorial government. However, it has boundaries defined by the Virgin Islands Code and is recognized as a town by the U.S. Census Bureau.

Former national capitals edit

Two of the 50 U.S. states, Hawaii and Texas, were once de jure sovereign states with diplomatic recognition from the international community.

Hawaii edit

During its history as a sovereign nation (Kingdom of Hawaii, 1795–1893; Republic of Hawaii, 1894–1898), five sites served as the capital of Hawaii:

 
Honolulu twice served as the national capital of Hawaii and is now the state capital.

Annexed by the United States in 1898, Honolulu remained the capital, first of the Territory of Hawaii (1900–1959), and then of the state (since 1959).

Texas edit

During its history as a sovereign nation (Republic of Texas, 1836–1845), seven sites served as the capital of Texas:

Annexed by the United States in 1845, Austin remains the capital of the state of Texas.

Native American capitals edit

 
The Navajo Nation Council Chamber in Window Rock, Arizona is the center of government for the Navajo Nation

Some Native American tribes, in particular the Five Civilized Tribes, organized their states with constitutions and capitals in Western style. Others, like the Iroquois, had long-standing, pre-Columbian traditions of a 'capitol' longhouse where wampum and council fires were maintained with special status. Since they did business with the U.S. Federal Government, these capitals can be seen as officially recognized in some sense.

Cherokee Nation edit

New Echota, now near Calhoun, Georgia, was founded in 1825, realizing the dream and plans of Cherokee Chief Major Ridge. Major Ridge chose the site because of its centrality in the historic Cherokee Nation which spanned parts of Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Alabama, and because it was near the confluence of the Conasauga and Coosawattee rivers. The town's layout was partly inspired by Ridge's many visits to Washington D.C. and to Baltimore, but also invoked traditional themes of the Southeastern ceremonial complex. Complete with the Council House, Supreme Court, Cherokee syllabary printing press, and the houses of several of the Nation's constitutional officers, New Echota served as the capital until 1832 when the state of Georgia outlawed Native American assembly in an attempt to undermine the Nation. Thousands of Cherokee would gather in New Echota for the annual National Councils, camping along the nearby rivers and holding long stomp dances in the park-like woods that were typical of many Southeastern Native American settlements.[24]

 
The New Echota Council House (since reconstructed)

The Cherokee National council grounds were moved to Red Clay, Tennessee, on the Georgia state line, in order to evade the Georgia state militia. The log cabins, limestone springs, and park-like woods of Red Clay served as the capital until the Cherokee Nation was removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) on the Trail of Tears.[24]

Tahlequah, in present-day Oklahoma, served as the capital of the original Cherokee Nation after Removal. After the Civil War, a turbulent period for the Nation which was involved in its own civil war resulting from pervasive anger and disagreements over removal from Georgia, the Cherokee Nation built a new National Capitol in Tahlequah out of brick. The building served as the capitol until 1907, when the Dawes Act finally dissolved the Cherokee Nation and Tahlequah became the county seat of Cherokee County, Oklahoma. The Cherokee National government was re-established in 1938 and Tahlequah remains the capital of the modern Cherokee Nation; it is also the capital of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

Approximately four to eight hundred Cherokees escaped removal because they lived on a separated tract, purchased later with the help of Confederate Colonel William Holland Thomas, along the Oconaluftee River deep in the Smoky Mountains of North Carolina. Some Cherokees fleeing the Federal Army, sent for the "round up", fled to the remote settlements separated from the rest of the Cherokee Territory in Georgia and North Carolina, in order to remain in their homeland.[25] In the 20th century, their descendants organized as the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; its capital is at Cherokee, North Carolina, in the tribally-controlled Qualla Boundary.

Muscogee Creek Nation edit

After Removal from their Alabama-Georgia homeland, the Creek national government met near Hot Springs which was then part of their new territory as prescribed in the Treaty of Cusseta. Because some Creeks fought with the Confederacy in the American Civil War, the Union forced the Creeks to cede over 3,000,000-acre (1,200,000 ha) - half of their land in what is now Arkansas.[26]

Served as the National capital after the American Civil War. It was probably named after Ocmulgee, on the Ocmulgee river in Macon, a principle Coosa and later Creek town built with mounds and functioning as part of the Southeastern ceremonial complex. However, there were other traditional Creek "mother-towns" before removal. The Ocmulgee mounds were ceded illegally in 1821 with the Treaty of Indian Springs.

Iroquois Confederacy edit

  • Onondaga (Onondaga privilege c. 1450–present)

The Iroquois Confederacy or Haudenosaunee, which means "People of the Longhouse", was an alliance between the Five and later Six-Nations of Iroquoian language and culture of upstate New York.[27] These include the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, and, after 1722, the Tuscarora Nations. Since the Confederacy's formation around 1450, the Onondaga Nation has held privilege of hosting the Iroquois Grand Council and the status of Keepers of the Fire and the Wampum —which they still do at the official Longhouse on the Onondaga Reservation.[28] Now spread over reservations in New York and Ontario, the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee preserve this arrangement to this day in what they claim to be the "world's oldest representative democracy."[29]

Seneca Nation of Indians edit

The Seneca Nation republic was founded in 1848 and has two capitals that rotate responsibilities every two years. Jimerson Town was founded in the 1960s following the formation of the Allegheny Reservoir. The Senecas also have an administrative longhouse in Steamburg but do not consider that location to be a capital.

Navajo Nation edit

Window Rock (Navajo: Tségháhoodzání), Arizona, is a small city that serves as the seat of government and capital of the Navajo Nation (1936–present), the largest territory of a sovereign Native American nation in North America. It lies within the boundaries of the St. Michaels Chapter, adjacent to the Arizona and New Mexico state line. Window Rock hosts the Navajo Nation governmental campus which contains the Navajo Nation Council, Navajo Nation Supreme Court, the offices of the Navajo Nation President and Vice President, and many Navajo government buildings.

Unrecognized national capitals edit

There have been a handful of self-declared or undeclared nations within the current borders of the United States which were never officially recognized as legally independent sovereign entities; however, these nations did have de facto control over their respective regions during their existence.

Colonies of British America edit

 
Stadt Huys, the original city hall of Albany, New York and meeting place of the Albany Congress in 1754.

Prior to the independence of the United States from Great Britain, declared July 4, 1776 in the Declaration of Independence and ultimately secured in the American Revolutionary War, several congresses were convened on behalf of some of the colonies of British America. However, these bodies did not address the question of independence from England, and therefore did not designate a national capital. The Second Continental Congress encompassed the period during which the United States declared independence, but had not yet established a permanent national capital.

City Building Start date End date Duration Ref
Albany Congress
Albany, New York Stadt Huys June 19, 1754 July 11, 1754 22 days [30]
Stamp Act Congress
New York, New York City Hall October 7, 1765 October 25, 1765 23 days [31]
First Continental Congress
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Carpenters' Hall September 5, 1774 October 26, 1774 1 month and 21 days [32]
Second Continental Congress
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Independence Hall May 10, 1775 July 4, 1776 (continuing after independence until December 12, 1776) 1 year, 1 month and 24 days [8]

Vermont Republic edit

Before joining the United States as the fourteenth state, Vermont was an independent republic known as the Vermont Republic (1777–1791). Three cities served as the capital of the Republic:

The current capital of the State of Vermont is Montpelier.

State of Franklin edit

The State of Franklin was an autonomous, secessionist United States territory created not long after the end of the American Revolution from territory that later was ceded by North Carolina to the federal government. Franklin's territory later became part of the state of Tennessee. Franklin was never officially admitted into the Union of the United States and existed for only four years.

State of Muskogee edit

The State of Muskogee was a Native American state in Spanish Florida created by the Englishman William Augustus Bowles, who was its "Director General", author of its Constitution, and designer of its flag.[33] It consisted of several tribes of Creeks and Seminoles. It existed from 1799 to 1803. It had one capital:

Republic of West Florida edit

The Republic of West Florida was a short-lived nation that broke away from the territory of Spanish West Florida in 1810. It comprised the Florida Parishes of the modern state of Louisiana and the Mobile District of the modern states of Mississippi and Alabama. (The Republic of West Florida did not include any part of the modern state of Florida.) Ownership of the area had been in dispute between Spain and the United States, which claimed that it had been included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Within two months of the settlers' rebellion and the declaration of an independent nation, President James Madison sent American forces to peaceably occupy the new republic. It was formally annexed by the United States in 1812 over the objections of Spain and the land was divided between the Territory of Orleans and Territory of Mississippi. During its brief existence, the capital of the Republic of West Florida was:

Republic of Indian Stream edit

The Republic of Indian Stream was an unrecognized independent nation within the present state of New Hampshire.

California Republic edit

Before being annexed by the United States in 1848 (following the Mexican–American War), a small portion of north-central California declared itself the California Republic, in an act of independence from Mexico, in 1846 (see Bear Flag Revolt). The republic only existed a month before it disbanded itself to join the advancing American army; its claimed territory later became part of the United States as a result of the Mexican Cession.

 
The original of Todd's Bear Flag, photographed in 1890
 
Modern flag of the State of California

The very short-lived California Republic was never recognized by the United States, Mexico or any other nation. The flag, featuring a silhouette of a California grizzly bear, a star, and the words "California Republic", became known as the Bear Flag and was later the basis for the official state flag of California.

There was one de facto capital of the California Republic:

Confederate States edit

 
Richmond served as the second capital of the Confederate States of America. The city has been Virginia's capital since 1780.

The Confederate States of America (C.S.A.) had two capitals during its existence. The first capital was established February 4, 1861, in Montgomery, Alabama, and remained there until it was moved to Richmond, Virginia, on May 29, 1861, after Virginia seceded on May 23.

The individual state capitals remained the same in the Confederacy as they had been in the Union (U.S.A.), although as the advancing Union Army used those cities for military districts, some of the Confederate governments were relocated or moved out of state, traveling along with secessionist armies.

Free State of Jones edit

In 1863 and 1864, Jones County, Mississippi revolted against Confederate rule and became practically independent under the name Free State of Jones. The Free State fought a number of skirmishes with Confederate troops. By the spring of 1864 the Jones County rebels had taken effective control of the county from the Confederate government, raised an American flag over the courthouse in Ellisville, and sent a letter to Union General William T. Sherman declaring Jones County's independence from the Confederacy.[35]

Scholars have disputed whether the county truly seceded, with some concluding it did not fully secede. Lack of documentation makes the situation difficult to assess. The rebellion in Jones County has been variously characterized as consisting of local skirmishes to being a full-fledged war of independence.[35]

Historical state, colonial, and territorial capitals edit

Most of the original Thirteen Colonies had their capitals occupied or attacked by the British during the American Revolutionary War. State governments operated where and as they could. The City of New York was occupied by British troops from 1776 to 1783. A similar situation occurred during the War of 1812, during the American Civil War in many Confederate states, and during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680–1692 in New Mexico.

 
St. Augustine served as Florida's capital from 1565 until the 1820s.[36]

Twenty-two state capitals have been a capital longer than their state has been a state, since they served as the capital of a predecessor territory, colony, or republic. Boston, Massachusetts, has been a capital city since 1630; it is the oldest continuously running capital in the United States. Santa Fe, New Mexico, is the oldest capital city, having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the aforementioned Pueblo Revolt. An even older Spanish city, St. Augustine, Florida, served as a colonial capital from 1565 until about 1820, more than 250 years.

The table below includes the following information:

  1. The state, the year in which statehood was granted, and the state's capital are shown in bold type. NOTE: For the first thirteen states, formerly the Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain on the Atlantic seaboard, the year of statehood is shown as 1776 (United States Declaration of Independence) rather than the subsequent year each state ratified the 1787 United States Constitution. (See List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union.)
  2. The year listed for each capital is the starting date; the ending date is the starting date for the successor unless otherwise indicated.
  3. In many cases, capital cities of historical jurisdictions were outside of a state's present borders. (Those cities are generally indicated with the two-letter abbreviation for the U.S. state in which the former administrative capital is now located.)
Historical capitals in the United States of America
State Capital Date Notes
Alabama[37]
Statehood in 1819 		San Agustín (FL) 1565 Capital of the Spanish colony of La Florida.[e]
Savannah (GA) 1733 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
1755 Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
1776 Capitals of the State of Georgia.
Augusta (GA) 1778
Heard's Fort (GA) 1780
Augusta (GA) 1781
Savannah (GA) 1782
Ebenezer (GA) 1782
Savannah (GA) 1784
Augusta (GA) 1786
Louisville (GA) 1796
Natchez (MS) 1798 Capitals of the Mississippi Territory.
Washington (MS) 1802
St. Stephens 1817 Capital of the Alabama Territory.
Huntsville 1819 Capitals of the State of Alabama.
Cahawba 1820
Tuscaloosa 1826
Montgomery 1846 Capital of the State of Alabama.
(Capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861.)
Alaska[38]
Statehood in 1959 		Novo-Arkhangelsk
Sitka		 1808 Capital of the Russian colony of Alaska.
1867 Capital of the Department of Alaska.
1900 Capitals of the District of Alaska.
Juneau 1906
1912 Capital of the Territory of Alaska.
1959 Capital of the State of Alaska.
Arizona[39]
Statehood in 1912 		Santa Fe (NM) 1848 Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1848–1850.
1850 Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850–1912.
Mesilla (NM) 1862 Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862).
San Antonio (TX) 1862 Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862–1865.
Fort Whipple 1864 Capitals of the U.S. Territory of Arizona.
Prescott 1864
Tucson 1867
Prescott 1877
Phoenix 1889
1912 Capital of the State of Arizona.
Arkansas[40]
Statehood in 1836 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory).
1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory.
1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory.
Arkansas Post 1819 Capitals of the Arkansaw Territory.[f]
Little Rock 1821
1836 Capital of the State of Arkansas.[f]
(Washington was the Confederate state capital 1863–1865.)
California[41]
Statehood in 1850 		Loreto (BCS) 1770 Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colonies of las Californias.
Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey


Monterey

 1777
1804 Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Alta California.
1821 Capital of the Mexican province of Alta California.
1846 Capital of the U.S. military government of California.
1849 Capital of the Provisional Government of California.
Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe 1850 Capitals of the State of California.
Vallejo 1852
Benicia 1853
Sacramento[g] 1854
Colorado[42]
Statehood in 1876 		Denver City[h] 1859 Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson.
Golden City 1860
Denver City 1861 Capitals of the Territory of Colorado.
Colorado City 1862
Golden City 1862
Denver[i] 1867
1876 Capital of the State of Colorado.
Connecticut
Statehood in 1776 		Fort Amsterdam (NY) 1625 Capital of the Dutch colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
Hartford 1639 Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut 1639–1686.
New-Haven 1640 Capital of the English Colony of New-Haven until its merger into the Connecticut Colony in 1662.
Boston (MA) 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
Hartford 1689 Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut.
joint capitals 1701 Hartford and New-Haven served as the "co-capitals" of the English Colony of Connecticut, with the Assembly holding its May session in Hartford and its October session in New-Haven.
1707 Hartford and New-Haven joint capitals of the British Colony of Connecticut.
1776 Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the State of Connecticut.
Hartford 1875 Capital of the State of Connecticut.
Delaware
Statehood in 1776 		Fort Christina 1638 Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige.
Fort Amsterdam
Nieuw-Amsterdam
New-York
Nieuw-Oranje
New-York (NY)		 1655 Capital of the Dutch province of Nieuw-Nederland.
1664 Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
1673 Capital of the Dutch military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
1674 Capital of the English Colony of New-York.
Philadelphia (PA) 1682 Capital of the English Colony of Pennsylvania.
New Castle 1704 Capital of the English Lower Counties on the Delaware.
1707 Capital of the British Lower Counties on the Delaware.
1776 Capitals of the State of Delaware.
Dover 1777
Florida[43]
Statehood in 1845 		Fort de la Caroline 1564 Capital of the French colony of La Caroline 1564–1565.
San Agustín
St. Augustine		 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida 1565–1763.[e]
1763 Capital of the British province of East Florida 1763–1783.
1783 Capital of the Spanish province of Florida Oriental 1783–1821.
Santa María de Ochuse
Pensacola		 1763 Capital of the British province of British West Florida 1763–1783.
1783 Capital of the Spanish province of Florida Occidental 1783–1821.
Tallahassee 1824 Capital of the Florida Territory.
1845 Capital of the State of Florida.
Georgia[44]
Statehood in 1776 		Fort de la Caroline 1564 Capital of the French colony of La Caroline 1564–1565.
San Agustín (FL) 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida.[e]
Savannah 1733 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
1755 Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
1776 Capitals of the State of Georgia.
Augusta 1778
Heard's Fort 1780
Augusta 1781
Savannah 1782
Ebenezer 1782
Savannah 1784
Augusta 1786
Louisville 1796
Milledgeville 1807
Macon 1864
Milledgeville 1865
Atlanta 1868
Hawaii
Statehood in 1959 		Lahaina 1820 Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
Honolulu 1845
1894 Capital of the Republic of Hawaii.
1898 Capital of the Territory of Hawaii.
1959 Capital of the State of Hawaiʻi.
Idaho[45]
Statehood in 1890 		Oregon City (OR) 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.[46]
1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (all of Idaho 1848–1853, southern Idaho 1853–1859).
Salem (OR) 1851
Olympia (WA) 1853 Capital of the Territory of Washington (northern Idaho 1853–1859, all of Idaho 1859–1863).
Lewiston 1863 Capitals of the Territory of Idaho.
Boise 1865
1890 Capital of the State of Idaho.
Illinois[47]
Statehood in 1818 		Marietta (OH) 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
Vincennes (IN) 1800 Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
Kaskaskia 1809 Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
1818 Capitals of the State of Illinois.
Vandalia 1820
Springfield 1839
Indiana
Statehood in 1816 		Marietta (OH) 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
Vincennes 1800 Capitals of the Territory of Indiana.
Corydon 1813
1816 Capitals of the State of Indiana.
Indianapolis 1825
Iowa[48]
Statehood in 1846 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory).
1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory.
1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory (1812–1821).
Detroit (MI) 1834 Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
Belmont (WI) 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
Burlington 1837
1838 Capitals of the Territory of Iowa.
Iowa City 1841
1846 Capitals of the State of Iowa.
Des Moines 1857
Kansas[49]
Statehood in 1861 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory).
1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory.
1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory (1812–1821).
Pawnee 1855 Capital of the Kansas Territory (July 2 – 6).
Shawnee Mission 1855 Capital of the Kansas Territory.
Lecompton 1856 Capital de jure (pro-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
Topeka Capital de facto (anti-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas.
Minneola 1858 Declared capital by territorial legislature, although this action was later declared void.[50]
Topeka 1861 Capital of the State of Kansas.
Kentucky[51]
Statehood in 1792 		Williamsburg (VA) 1699 Capital of the English Colony of Virginia.
1707 Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
1776 Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Richmond (VA) 1780
Frankfort 1792 Capital of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
(The government initially met at Lexington but Frankfort was quickly named the capital. Bowling Green was the rival Confederate state capital 1861–62).
Louisiana[j]
Statehood in 1812 		San Agustín (FL) 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida.[e]
La Mobile (AL) 1702 Capitals of the French colony of La Louisiane.
Bilocci (MS) 1720
La Nouvelle-Orléans
Nueva Orleans
New Orleans		 1722
1763 Capital of the Spanish district of Baja Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of La Basse-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the Territory of Orleans.
1812 Capitals of the State of Louisiana.
(After the Union captured New Orleans in 1862, the Confederate seat of government relocated to Opelousas in 1862 and then to Shreveport in 1863.)
Donaldsonville 1830
New Orleans 1831
Baton Rouge 1849
New Orleans 1864
Baton Rouge 1882
Maine[52]
Statehood in 1820 		Île Sainte-Croix 1604 Capitals of the French colony of l'Acadie.
Port-Royal (NS) 1605
Boston (MA) 1630 Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
1689 Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
1691 Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1707 Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1774 Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1776 Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
1780 Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Portland 1820 Capital of the State of Maine.
1827 Capital de facto of the State of Maine.
Augusta Capital de jure of the State of Maine.
1832 Capital of the State of Maine.
Maryland[53]
Statehood in 1776 		St. Mary's City 1634 Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Maryland.
Anne Arundel's Towne
Annapolis

 1694 Capital of the English Province of Maryland.
1707 Capital of the British Province of Maryland.
1776 Capital of the State of Maryland.
(Capital of the United States of America 1783–1784.)
Massachusetts
Statehood in 1776 		Plimouth 1620 Capital of the English Colony of New-Plimouth 1620–1686.
Boston 1630 Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1630–1686.
1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1686–1689.
Plimouth 1688 Capital of the dissident Colony of New-Plimouth 1688–1692.
Boston 1689 Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1689–1692.
1692 Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1707 Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1774 Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1776 Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
1780 Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Michigan[54]
Statehood in 1837 		Marietta (OH) 1788 Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (all of Michigan 1788–1800, eastern Michigan 1800–1803).
Chillicothe (OH) 1800
Vincennes (IN) Capitals of the Territory of Indiana (western Michigan 1800–1803; all of Michigan 1803–1805, a portion of the Upper Peninsula 1805–1816).
Corydon (IN) 1813
Detroit 1805 Capital of the Territory of Michigan (Lower Peninsula 1805–1818, all of Michigan 1818–1837).
(Detroit was occupied by British Armed Forces 1812–1813).
1837 Capitals of the State of Michigan.
Lansing 1847
Minnesota[55]
Statehood in 1858 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana 1765–1800.
1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (west of Mississippi River 1800–1804).
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804–1805).
1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River 1805–1812).
1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri (west of Mississippi River 1812–1821).
Marietta (OH) 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (east of Mississippi River 1788–1800).
Vincennes (IN) 1800 Capital of the Territory of Indiana (east of Mississippi River 1800–1809).
Kaskaskia (IL) 1809 Capital of the Territory of Illinois (east of Mississippi River 1809–1818).
Detroit (MI) 1818 Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Mississippi River 1818–1834, all of Minnesota 1834–1836).
Belmont (WI) 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
Burlington (IA) 1837
1838 Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1838–1841).
Madison (WI) Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Mississippi River 1838–1848).
Iowa City (IA) 1841 Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1841–1846).
Saint Paul 1849 Capital of the Territory of Minnesota.
1858 Capital of the State of Minnesota.
Mississippi[56]
Statehood in 1817 		San Agustín (FL) 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida.[e]
Savannah (GA) 1733 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia.
1755 Capital of the British Province of Georgia.
1776 Capitals of the State of Georgia.
Augusta (GA) 1778
Heard's Fort (GA) 1780
Augusta (GA) 1781
Savannah (GA) 1782
Ebenezer (GA) 1782
Savannah (GA) 1784
Augusta (GA) 1786
Louisville (GA) 1796
Natchez 1798 Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi.
Washington 1802
Natchez 1817 Capitals of the State of Mississippi.
Jackson 1821
Missouri
Statehood in 1821 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory).
1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory.
1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory.
Saint Charles 1821 Capitals of the State of Missouri.
(A Confederate state government in exile operated from Neosho 1861–1863, and from Marshall, Texas, 1863–1865).
Jefferson City 1826
Montana[57]
Statehood in 1889 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1763–1800.)
1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (east of Continental Divide 1800–1804).
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804–1805).
1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1805–1812).
1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri (east of Continental Divide 1812–1821).
Fort Vancouver (WA) 1825 Capital de facto of the Oregon Country (west of Continental Divide 1818–1843).
Oregon City (OR) 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1843–1848).
1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1848–1853).
Salem (OR) 1851
Olympia (WA) 1853 Capital of the Territory of Washington (west of Continental Divide 1853–1863).
Omaha (NE) 1854 Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (east of Continental Divide 1854–1861).
Yankton (SD) 1861 Capital of the Territory of Dakota (east of Continental Divide 1861–1863).
Lewiston (ID) 1863 Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
Bannack 1864 Capitals of the Territory of Montana.
Virginia City 1865
Helena 1875
1889 Capital of the State of Montana.
Nebraska
Statehood in 1867 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory).
1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821).
Omaha 1854 Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska.
Lancaster
Lincoln		 1867
1867 Capital of the State of Nebraska.
Nevada[58]
Statehood in 1864 		Fillmore (UT) 1850 Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
Salt Lake City (UT) 1858
Genoa 1861 Capital of the Territory of Nevada.
Carson City 1861 Capital of the Territory of Nevada.
1864 Capital of the State of Nevada.
New Hampshire[59]
Statehood in 1776 		Boston (MA) 1630 Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay.
Portsmouth 1680 Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire.
Boston (MA) 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
Portsmouth 1689 Capital of the dissident Province of New Hampshire.
1691 Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire.
1698 Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1707 Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
1741 Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire.
Exeter 1775 Capital of the Revolutionary War government of New Hampshire.
1776 Capitals of the State of New Hampshire.
Concord 1808
New Jersey
Statehood in 1776 		Fort Amsterdam (NY)

New-York (NY)		 1625 Capital of the Dutch colony of Nieuw-Nederland.
1652 Capital of the Dutch province of Nieuw-Nederland.
1664 Capital of the English Province of New York.
Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth) 1665 Capital of the English Province of New Jersey.
Perth Amboy 1673 Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1673–1688.
Burlington Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1673–1688.
Boston (MA) 1688 Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1688–1689.
Perth Amboy 1689 Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1689–1702.
Burlington Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1689–1702.
joint capitals 1702 East Jersey and West Jersey were re-united as the English Province of New Jersey in 1702. Perth Amboy and Burlington served jointly as the capital until 1784.
1707 Joint capitals of the British Province of New Jersey.
1776 Joint capitals of the State of New Jersey.
Trenton 1784 Capital of the State of New Jersey.
(Capital of the United States of America in 1784).
New Mexico
Statehood in 1912 		San Juan de los Caballeros 1598 Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís 1610
El Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juárez CHH) 1680 Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province-in-exile of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Pueblo Revolt 1680–1692).
La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís

Santa Fe		 1692 Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
1821 Capital of the Mexican province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
1824 Capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México.
1846 Capital of the U.S. military government of New Mexico 1846.
1846 Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1846–1850.
1850 Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850–1912.
Santa Fe 1912 Capital of the State of New Mexico.
New York
Statehood in 1776 		Fort Amsterdam
Nieuw-Amsterdam
New-York
Nieuw-Oranje
New-York		 1625 Capital of the Dutch colony of Nieuw-Nederland (Novum Belgium).
1652 Capital of the Dutch province of Nieuw-Nederland.
1664 Capital of the English Province of New York.
1673 Capital of the Dutch military government of Nieuw-Nederland.
1674 Capital of the English Province of New York.
Boston (MA) 1688 Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
New-York 1689 Capital of the dissident government of New-York.
1691 Capital of the English Province of New York.
1707 Capital of the British Province of New York.
1776 Capitals of the State of New York.
Kingston 1777
Hurley 1777
Poughkeepsie 1777
New York 1788 Capital of the State of New York.
(Capital of the United States of America 1785–1788 and 1789–1790).
Albany 1797 Capital of the State of New York.
North Carolina
Statehood in 1776 		San Agustín (FL) 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida.[e]
Charlestown (SC) 1670 Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
1707 Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
New Bern 1712 Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
1776 Capitals of the State of North Carolina.
Fayetteville 1789
Raleigh 1794
North Dakota
Statehood in 1889 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory).
1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821).
Detroit (MI) 1834 Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1834–1836).
Belmont (WI) 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1836–1838).
Burlington (IA) 1837
1838 Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1838–1846).
Iowa City (IA) 1841
Saint Paul (MN) 1849 Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1849–1858).
Omaha (NE) 1854 Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River or White Earth River 1854–1861).
Yankton (SD) 1861 Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
Bismarck 1883
1889 Capital of the State of North Dakota.
Ohio
Statehood in 1803 		Marietta 1788 Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
Chillicothe 1800
1803 Capitals of the State of Ohio.
Zanesville 1810
Chillicothe 1812
Columbus 1816
Oklahoma
Statehood in 1907 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory).
1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri.
Arkansas Post (AR) 1819 Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw[f] (south of the parallel 36°30' north 1819–1824, southeastern Oklahoma 1824–1828).
Little Rock (AR) 1821
Fort Gibson 1824 De facto capital of the Indian Territory.
Tahlequah 1838 Capital of the Cherokee Nation.
Tuskahoma 1838 Capital of the Choctaw Nation.
Tishomingo 1855 Capital of the Chickasaw Nation.
Wewoka 1866 Capital of the Seminole Nation.
Okmulgee 1867 Capital of the Creek Nation.
Pawhuska 1872 Capital of the Osage Nation.
Guthrie 1889 Capital of the Territory of Oklahoma.
1907 Capitals of the State of Oklahoma.
Oklahoma City 1910
Oregon[60]
Statehood in 1859 		Champoeg 1843 Temporary capital of the disputed Oregon Country.
Oregon City 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.[46]
1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
Salem 1851
Corvallis 1855
Salem 1855
1859 Capital of the State of Oregon.
Pennsylvania[61]
Statehood in 1776 		Fort Christina 1638 Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige.
Philadelphia 1682 Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
1707 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania.
1776 Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
(Capital of the United States of America 1776, 1777, 1778–1783, and 1790–1800).
Lancaster 1799 Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
(Capital of the United States of America 1777).
Harrisburg 1812 Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island
Statehood in 1776 		Providence 1636 Capital of the English Colony of Providence 1636–1644.
Portsmouth 1639 Capital of the English Colony of Aquidneck Island 1639–1644.
1644 Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island.
Providence 1644 Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
Boston (MA) 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America.
Providence 1689 Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
1707 Capital of the British Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
five capitals 1776 From 1776 to 1853, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations rotated among the county seats of the state's five counties: Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South Kingstown, and Bristol.
joint capitals 1854 From 1854 to 1899, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations alternated sessions between Providence and Newport.
Providence 1900 Capital of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.
2020 Capital of the State of Rhode Island.
South Carolina
Statehood in 1776 		Charlesfort (FL) 1562 Capital of the French colony of Floride françoise.
San Agustín (FL) 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida.[e]
Charlestown 1670 Capital of the English Province of Carolina.
1707 Capital of the British Province of Carolina.
1712 Capital of the British Province of South Carolina.
1776 Capitals of the State of South Carolina.
Columbia 1786
South Dakota
Statehood in 1889 		Saint-Louis
San Luis
St. Louis (MO)		 1765 Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana.
1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane.
1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.)
1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana.
1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821).
Detroit (MI) 1834 Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River 1834–1836).
Belmont (WI) 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River 1836–1838).
Burlington (IA) 1837
1838 Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River 1838–1846).
Iowa City (IA) 1841
Saint Paul (MN) 1849 Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River 1849–1858).
Omaha (NE) 1854 Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River 1854–1861).
Yankton 1861 Capitals of the Territory of Dakota.
Bismarck (ND) 1883
Pierre 1889 Capital of the State of South Dakota.
Tennessee[62]
Statehood in 1796 		New Bern (NC) 1712 Capital of the British Province of North Carolina.
1776 Capital of the State of North Carolina.
Rocky Mount 1790 Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio.
White's Fort
Knoxville		 1791
1796 Capital of the State of Tennessee.
Kingston 1807 Capital of the State of Tennessee for one day in 1807 to fulfill treaty obligations with the Cherokee Nation.
Knoxville 1807 Capitals of the State of Tennessee.
Nashville 1812
Knoxville 1817
Murfreesboro 1818
Nashville 1826
Texas
Statehood in 1845 		Los Adaes (LA) 1729 Capitals of the Spanish province of Tejas.
San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio) 1772
Saltillo (COA) 1824 Capitals of the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas.
Monclova (COA) 1833
San Felipe de Austin 1835 Capital of the Provisional Government of Texas.
Washington (now Washington-on-the-Brazos) 1836 Capitals of the Republic of Texas.
Galveston 1836
Harrisburg 1836
Velasco 1836
Columbia 1836
Houston 1837
Austin 1839
1845 Capital of the State of Texas.
Utah
Statehood in 1896 		Salt Lake City 1849 Capital of the extralegal State of Deseret.
Fillmore 1850 Capitals of the Territory of Utah.
Salt Lake City 1858
1896 Capital of the State of Utah.
Vermont[63]
Statehood in 1791 		Westminster 1777 Capitals of the Republic of New Connecticut.
Windsor 1777
1777 Capital of the Vermont Republic.
1791 Capitals of the State of Vermont.
Montpelier 1805
Virginia[64]
Statehood in 1776 		San Agustín (FL) 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida.[e]
Jamestown 1607 Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia.
Middle Plantation
Williamsburg		 1698
1707 Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
1776 Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Richmond 1780 Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
(Capital of the Confederate States of America 1861–1865.)
(A rival pro-Union state government operated from Wheeling 1861–1863 and from Alexandria 1863–1865).
Washington[65]
Statehood in 1889 		Champoeg (OR) 1843 Temporary capital of the disputed Oregon Country.
Oregon City (OR) 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country.[46]
1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon.
Salem (OR) 1851
Olympia 1853 Capital of the Territory of Washington.
1889 Capital of the State of Washington.
West Virginia
Statehood in 1863 		Jamestown (VA) 1619 Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia.
Middle Plantation (VA)
Williamsburg (VA)		 1698
1707 Capital of the British Colony of Virginia.
1776 Capitals of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Richmond (VA) 1780
Wheeling 1861 Capital of the rival pro-Union government of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
1863 Capitals of the State of West Virginia.
Charleston 1870
Wheeling 1875
Charleston 1885
Wisconsin[66]
Statehood in 1848 		Marietta (OH) 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.
Vincennes (IN) 1800 Capital of the Territory of Indiana.
Kaskaskia (IL) 1809 Capital of the Territory of Illinois.
Detroit (MI) 1818 Capital of the Territory of Michigan.
Belmont 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin.
Burlington (IA) 1837
Madison 1838
1848 Capital of the State of Wisconsin.
Wyoming[67]
Statehood in 1890 		Lewiston (ID) 1863 Capital of the Territory of Idaho.
Yankton (SD) 1864 Capital of the Territory of Dakota.
Cheyenne 1869 Capital of the Territory of Wyoming.
1890 Capital of the State of Wyoming.

See also edit

Explanatory notes edit

  1. ^ Congress was forced to move from Philadelphia due to a riot of angry soldiers. See: Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
  2. ^ Government offices were evacuated to Trenton, New Jersey, from August to November 1799 following an outbreak of yellow fever in Philadelphia.
  3. ^ The District of Columbia was formed February 27, 1801, with the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801. The city of Washington was founded in 1791 and construction of the new capital began while it was still part of Maryland. President John Adams moved to the White House on November 1, 1800 and the 6th United States Congress held its first session in Washington on November 17, 1800.[16]
  4. ^ President James Madison fled to the home of Caleb Bentley in Brookeville, Maryland following the burning of Washington on August 24–25, 1814. As such, the town claims to have been the "U.S. Capital for a Day" despite the fact that Congress never met there.[17]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h The Spanish name La Florida originally referred to all of the American continent north of Mexico. As other European nations colonized North America, the extent of La Florida shrank to encompass only the Spanish territorial claims in the southeastern portion of the present United States.
  6. ^ a b c The name Arkansas has been pronounced and spelled in a variety of fashions. The region was organized as the Territory of Arkansaw on July 4, 1819, but the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas on June 15, 1836. The name was historically pronounced /ˈɑːrkənsɔː/, /ɑːrˈkænzəs/, and several other variants. In 1881, the Arkansas General Assembly passed the following concurrent resolution (Arkansas Statutes, Title 1, Chapter 4, Section 105):

    Whereas, confusion of practice has arisen in the pronunciation of the name of our state and it is deemed important that the true pronunciation should be determined for use in oral official proceedings.

    And, whereas, the matter has been thoroughly investigated by the State Historical Society and the Eclectic Society of Little Rock, which have agreed upon the correct pronunciation as derived from history, and the early usage of the American immigrants.

    Be it therefore resolved by both houses of the General Assembly, that the only true pronunciation of the name of the state, in the opinion of this body, is that received by the French from the Native Americans and committed to writing in the French word representing the sound. It should be pronounced in three (3) syllables, with the final "s" silent, the "a" in each syllable with the Italian sound, and the accent on the first and last syllables. The pronunciation with the accent on the second syllable with the sound of "a" in "man" and the sounding of the terminal "s" is an innovation to be discouraged.

    Citizens of the State of Kansas often pronounce the Arkansas River /ɑːrˈkænzəs/ in a manner similar to the common pronunciation of the name of their state.

  7. ^ Due to flooding in Sacramento, San Francisco served as a temporary capital from January 24, 1862 to May 15, 1862. See (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 19, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  8. ^ From December 3, 1859, to December 3, 1861, Denver City was formally the City of Denver, Auraria, and Highland.
  9. ^ On November 15, 1902, the City of Denver became the City and County of Denver.
  10. ^ Note: The Louisiana Capitals information may be incorrect or incomplete. See . Archived from the original on June 15, 2006. Retrieved June 28, 2006. and elsewhere.

References edit

  1. ^ "Article 1 Section 8 Clause 17". Constitution Annotated | Congress.gov | Library of Congress. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
  2. ^ . U.S. Senate. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2020.
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Further reading edit

  • Christian Montes. American Capitals: A Historical Geography (University of Chicago Press; 2014) 394 pages; scholarly study of geographic and other factors that have shaped the designation of capitals in all 50 states

External links edit

  • Florida Facts - The Capitol
  • The Capitalization of Georgia
  • New Hampshire Senate for Kids - Capitals
  • Handbook of Texas Online – Capitals

February 15, 2024
list, capitals, united, states, list, capitol, buildings, list, state, territorial, capitols, united, states, this, list, capital, cities, united, states, including, places, that, serve, have, served, federal, state, insular, area, territorial, colonial, nativ. For a list of capitol buildings see List of state and territorial capitols in the United States This is a list of capital cities of the United States including places that serve or have served as federal state insular area territorial colonial and Native American capitals States highlighted in purple whose capital city is also their most populousStates highlighted in blue that have changed their capital city at least onceWashington has been the federal capital of the United States since 1800 Each U S state has its own capital city as do many of its insular areas Most states have not changed their capital city since becoming a state but the capital cities of their respective preceding colonies territories kingdoms and republics typically changed multiple times There have also been other governments within the current borders of the United States with their own capitals such as the Republic of Texas Native American nations and other unrecognized governments Contents 1 National capitals 2 State capitals 3 Insular area capitals 4 Former national capitals 4 1 Hawaii 4 2 Texas 5 Native American capitals 5 1 Cherokee Nation 5 2 Muscogee Creek Nation 5 3 Iroquois Confederacy 5 3 1 Seneca Nation of Indians 5 4 Navajo Nation 6 Unrecognized national capitals 6 1 Colonies of British America 6 2 Vermont Republic 6 3 State of Franklin 6 4 State of Muskogee 6 5 Republic of West Florida 6 6 Republic of Indian Stream 6 7 California Republic 6 8 Confederate States 6 8 1 Free State of Jones 7 Historical state colonial and territorial capitals 8 See also 9 Explanatory notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksNational capitals editSee also Colonies of British America nbsp The Second Continental Congress and the Congress of the Confederation met at Independence Hall at various times between 1775 and 1782 and The U S Congress met at the adjacent Congress Hall in the 1790s nbsp Federal Hall memorial in New York City in an earlier building on this site the United States Congress convened for the first time under the United States Constitution in 1789 and George Washington was sworn in as the first president nbsp The west front of the current United States Capitol in Washington D C The buildings in cities identified in below chart served either as official capitals of the United States under the United States Constitution or prior to its ratification sites where the Second Continental Congress or Congress of the Confederation met The United States did not have a permanent capital under the Articles of Confederation The U S Constitution was ratified in 1787 and gave the Congress the power to exercise exclusive legislation over a district that may by Cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress become the Seat of the Government of the United States 1 The 1st Congress met at Federal Hall in New York 2 In 1790 it passed the Residence Act which established the national capital at a site along the Potomac River that would become Washington D C 3 For the next ten years Philadelphia served as the temporary capital 4 There Congress met at Congress Hall 5 On November 17 1800 the 6th United States Congress formally convened in Washington D C 4 Congress has met outside of Washington only twice since on July 16 1987 at Independence Hall in Philadelphia to commemorate the 200th anniversary of ratification of the Constitution 6 and at Federal Hall National Memorial in New York on September 6 2002 to mark the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks 7 Both meetings were ceremonial City Building Start date End date Duration RefSecond Continental CongressPhiladelphia Pennsylvania Independence Hall July 4 1776 convened May 10 1775 prior to independence December 12 1776 5 months and 8 days 8 Baltimore Maryland Henry Fite House December 20 1776 February 27 1777 2 months and 7 days 9 Philadelphia Pennsylvania Independence Hall March 5 1777 September 18 1777 6 months and 13 days 10 Lancaster Pennsylvania Court House September 27 1777 September 27 1777 1 day 10 York Pennsylvania Court House now Colonial Court House September 30 1777 June 27 1778 8 months and 28 days 10 Philadelphia Pennsylvania College Hall of the University of Pennsylvania Extensive damage to Independence Hall during the British Occupation of Philadelphia necessitated this temporary meeting place July 2 1778 July 13 1778 11 days 11 12 13 Philadelphia Pennsylvania Independence Hall July 14 1778 March 1 1781 2 years 7 months and 15 days 14 Congress of the ConfederationPhiladelphia Pennsylvania Independence Hall March 2 1781 June 21 1783 2 years 3 months and 19 days 15 Princeton New Jersey a Nassau Hall June 30 1783 November 4 1783 4 months and 5 days 15 Annapolis Maryland Maryland State House November 26 1783 August 19 1784 8 months and 24 days 15 Trenton New Jersey French Arms Tavern November 1 1784 December 24 1784 1 month and 23 days 15 New York New York Federal Hall January 11 1785 October 6 1788 3 years 11 months and 5 days 15 New York New York Walter Livingston House October 6 1788 March 3 1789 4 months and 25 days 15 United States CongressNew York New York Federal Hall March 4 1789 December 5 1790 1 year 9 months and 1 day 15 Philadelphia Pennsylvania Congress Hall December 6 1790 May 14 1800 9 years 5 months and 8 days b 15 Washington D C United States Capitol November 17 1800 c August 24 1814 d 13 years 9 months and 7 days 15 Washington D C Blodgett s Hotel September 19 1814 December 7 1815 1 year 2 months and 18 days 18 Washington D C Old Brick Capitol December 4 1815 March 3 1819 3 years 2 months and 27 days 19 Washington D C United States Capitol March 4 1819 Present 204 years 11 months and 9 days 20 State capitals editEach state has a capital that serves as the seat of its government Ten of the thirteen original states and 15 other states have changed their capital city at least once the last state to move its capital city was Oklahoma in 1910 In the following table the Since column shows the year that the city began serving as the state s capital or the capital of the entities that preceded it The MSA µSA and CSA columns display the population of the metro area the city is a part of and should not be construed to mean the population of the city s sphere of influence or that the city is an anchor for the metro area Fields colored light yellow denote that the population is a micropolitan statistical area State Capital Since Area Population 2020 US Census City rank in stateCity MSA µSA CSAAlabama Montgomery 1846 159 8 sq mi 414 km2 200 603 386 047 476 207 3Alaska Juneau 1906 2 716 7 sq mi 7 036 km2 32 255 32 255 3Arizona Phoenix 1912 517 6 sq mi 1 341 km2 1 608 139 4 845 832 4 899 104 1Arkansas Little Rock 1821 116 2 sq mi 301 km2 202 591 748 031 912 604 1California Sacramento 1854 97 9 sq mi 254 km2 524 943 2 397 382 2 680 831 6Colorado Denver 1867 153 3 sq mi 397 km2 715 522 2 963 821 3 623 560 1Connecticut Hartford 1875 17 3 sq mi 45 km2 121 054 1 213 531 1 482 086 4Delaware Dover 1777 22 4 sq mi 58 km2 39 403 181 851 7 379 700 2Florida Tallahassee 1824 95 7 sq mi 248 km2 196 169 384 298 8Georgia Atlanta 1868 133 5 sq mi 346 km2 498 715 6 089 815 6 930 423 1Hawaii Honolulu 1845 68 4 sq mi 177 km2 350 964 1 016 508 1Idaho Boise 1865 63 8 sq mi 165 km2 235 684 764 718 850 341 1Illinois Springfield 1837 54 0 sq mi 140 km2 114 394 208 640 308 523 7Indiana Indianapolis 1825 361 5 sq mi 936 km2 887 642 2 111 040 2 492 514 1Iowa Des Moines 1857 75 8 sq mi 196 km2 214 133 709 466 890 322 1Kansas Topeka 1856 56 0 sq mi 145 km2 126 587 233 152 5Kentucky Frankfort 1792 14 7 sq mi 38 km2 28 602 75 393 746 045 15Louisiana Baton Rouge 1880 76 8 sq mi 199 km2 227 470 870 569 2Maine Augusta 1832 55 4 sq mi 143 km2 18 899 123 642 10Maryland Annapolis 1694 6 73 sq mi 17 km2 40 812 2 844 510 9 973 383 7Massachusetts Boston 1630 89 6 sq mi 232 km2 675 647 4 941 632 8 466 186 1Michigan Lansing 1847 35 0 sq mi 91 km2 112 644 541 297 5Minnesota Saint Paul 1849 52 8 sq mi 137 km2 311 527 3 690 261 4 078 788 2Mississippi Jackson 1821 104 9 sq mi 272 km2 153 701 591 978 671 607 1Missouri Jefferson City 1826 27 3 sq mi 71 km2 43 228 150 309 15Montana Helena 1875 14 0 sq mi 36 km2 32 091 83 058 6Nebraska Lincoln 1867 74 6 sq mi 193 km2 291 082 340 217 361 921 2Nevada Carson City 1861 143 4 sq mi 371 km2 58 639 58 639 657 958 6New Hampshire Concord 1808 64 3 sq mi 167 km2 43 976 153 808 8 466 186 3New Jersey Trenton 1784 7 66 sq mi 20 km2 90 871 387 340 23 582 649 10New Mexico Santa Fe 1610 37 3 sq mi 97 km2 87 505 154 823 1 162 523 4New York Albany 1797 21 4 sq mi 55 km2 99 224 899 262 1 190 727 6North Carolina Raleigh 1792 114 6 sq mi 297 km2 467 665 1 413 982 2 106 463 2North Dakota Bismarck 1883 26 9 sq mi 70 km2 73 622 133 626 2Ohio Columbus 1816 210 3 sq mi 545 km2 905 748 2 138 926 2 544 048 1Oklahoma Oklahoma City 1910 620 3 sq mi 1 607 km2 681 054 1 425 695 1 498 149 1Oregon Salem 1855 45 7 sq mi 118 km2 175 535 433 353 3 280 736 3Pennsylvania Harrisburg 1812 8 11 sq mi 21 km2 50 099 591 712 1 295 259 9Rhode Island Providence 1900 18 5 sq mi 48 km2 190 934 1 676 579 8 466 186 1South Carolina Columbia 1786 125 2 sq mi 324 km2 136 632 829 470 951 412 2South Dakota Pierre 1889 13 0 sq mi 34 km2 14 091 20 745 9Tennessee Nashville 1826 525 9 sq mi 1 362 km2 689 447 1 989 519 2 118 233 1Texas Austin 1839 305 1 sq mi 790 km2 961 855 2 283 371 4Utah Salt Lake City 1858 109 1 sq mi 283 km2 199 723 1 257 936 2 701 129 1Vermont Montpelier 1805 10 2 sq mi 26 km2 8 074 59 807 285 369 6Virginia Richmond 1780 60 1 sq mi 156 km2 226 610 1 314 434 4Washington Olympia 1853 16 7 sq mi 43 km2 55 605 294 793 4 953 421 23West Virginia Charleston 1885 31 6 sq mi 82 km2 48 864 258 859 779 969 1Wisconsin Madison 1838 68 7 sq mi 178 km2 269 840 680 796 910 246 2Wyoming Cheyenne 1869 21 1 sq mi 55 km2 65 132 100 512 1 21 22 23 Insular area capitals editAn insular area is a United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia the nation s federal district Those insular areas with territorial capitals are listed below Capitals of United States Insular Areas Insular area Capital Since Pop 2010 NotesAmerican Samoa Pago Pago 1899 3 656 Pago Pago refers to both a village and a group of villages one of which is Fagatogo the official seat of government stated in the territory s constitution Guam Hagatna 1898 1 051 Dededo is the area s largest village Northern Mariana Islands Saipan 1947 48 220 Since the entire island of 46 sq mi 120 km2 is organized as a single municipality most publications designate the whole of Saipan as the Commonwealth s capital Most government functions are based in the Capitol Hill village except for the judicial branch which is located in Susupe Puerto Rico San Juan 1898 395 326 The oldest continuously inhabited U S state or territorial capital San Juan was originally called Puerto Rico while the island was called San Juan Bautista U S Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie 1917 18 481 Like the rest of the U S Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie located on the island of Saint Thomas has no local government and is directly administered by the territorial government However it has boundaries defined by the Virgin Islands Code and is recognized as a town by the U S Census Bureau Former national capitals editTwo of the 50 U S states Hawaii and Texas were once de jure sovereign states with diplomatic recognition from the international community Hawaii edit During its history as a sovereign nation Kingdom of Hawaii 1795 1893 Republic of Hawaii 1894 1898 five sites served as the capital of Hawaii nbsp Honolulu twice served as the national capital of Hawaii and is now the state capital Waikiki 1795 1796 Hilo 1796 1803 Honolulu 1803 1812 Kailua Kona 1812 1820 Lahaina 1820 1845 Honolulu 1845 1898Annexed by the United States in 1898 Honolulu remained the capital first of the Territory of Hawaii 1900 1959 and then of the state since 1959 Texas edit During its history as a sovereign nation Republic of Texas 1836 1845 seven sites served as the capital of Texas Washington now Washington on the Brazos 1836 Harrisburg now part of Houston 1836 Galveston 1836 Velasco 1836 West Columbia 1836 Houston 1837 1839 Austin 1839 1845Annexed by the United States in 1845 Austin remains the capital of the state of Texas Native American capitals edit nbsp The Navajo Nation Council Chamber in Window Rock Arizona is the center of government for the Navajo NationSome Native American tribes in particular the Five Civilized Tribes organized their states with constitutions and capitals in Western style Others like the Iroquois had long standing pre Columbian traditions of a capitol longhouse where wampum and council fires were maintained with special status Since they did business with the U S Federal Government these capitals can be seen as officially recognized in some sense Cherokee Nation edit New Echota 1825 1832New Echota now near Calhoun Georgia was founded in 1825 realizing the dream and plans of Cherokee Chief Major Ridge Major Ridge chose the site because of its centrality in the historic Cherokee Nation which spanned parts of Georgia North Carolina Tennessee and Alabama and because it was near the confluence of the Conasauga and Coosawattee rivers The town s layout was partly inspired by Ridge s many visits to Washington D C and to Baltimore but also invoked traditional themes of the Southeastern ceremonial complex Complete with the Council House Supreme Court Cherokee syllabary printing press and the houses of several of the Nation s constitutional officers New Echota served as the capital until 1832 when the state of Georgia outlawed Native American assembly in an attempt to undermine the Nation Thousands of Cherokee would gather in New Echota for the annual National Councils camping along the nearby rivers and holding long stomp dances in the park like woods that were typical of many Southeastern Native American settlements 24 nbsp The New Echota Council House since reconstructed Red Clay 1832 1838The Cherokee National council grounds were moved to Red Clay Tennessee on the Georgia state line in order to evade the Georgia state militia The log cabins limestone springs and park like woods of Red Clay served as the capital until the Cherokee Nation was removed to Indian Territory Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears 24 Tahlequah 1839 1907 1938 presentTahlequah in present day Oklahoma served as the capital of the original Cherokee Nation after Removal After the Civil War a turbulent period for the Nation which was involved in its own civil war resulting from pervasive anger and disagreements over removal from Georgia the Cherokee Nation built a new National Capitol in Tahlequah out of brick The building served as the capitol until 1907 when the Dawes Act finally dissolved the Cherokee Nation and Tahlequah became the county seat of Cherokee County Oklahoma The Cherokee National government was re established in 1938 and Tahlequah remains the capital of the modern Cherokee Nation it is also the capital of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians Cherokee 20th century present Eastern Band of Cherokee Approximately four to eight hundred Cherokees escaped removal because they lived on a separated tract purchased later with the help of Confederate Colonel William Holland Thomas along the Oconaluftee River deep in the Smoky Mountains of North Carolina Some Cherokees fleeing the Federal Army sent for the round up fled to the remote settlements separated from the rest of the Cherokee Territory in Georgia and North Carolina in order to remain in their homeland 25 In the 20th century their descendants organized as the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians its capital is at Cherokee North Carolina in the tribally controlled Qualla Boundary Muscogee Creek Nation edit Hot Springs Arkansas c 1837 1866After Removal from their Alabama Georgia homeland the Creek national government met near Hot Springs which was then part of their new territory as prescribed in the Treaty of Cusseta Because some Creeks fought with the Confederacy in the American Civil War the Union forced the Creeks to cede over 3 000 000 acre 1 200 000 ha half of their land in what is now Arkansas 26 Okmulgee 1867 1906Served as the National capital after the American Civil War It was probably named after Ocmulgee on the Ocmulgee river in Macon a principle Coosa and later Creek town built with mounds and functioning as part of the Southeastern ceremonial complex However there were other traditional Creek mother towns before removal The Ocmulgee mounds were ceded illegally in 1821 with the Treaty of Indian Springs Iroquois Confederacy edit Onondaga Onondaga privilege c 1450 present The Iroquois Confederacy or Haudenosaunee which means People of the Longhouse was an alliance between the Five and later Six Nations of Iroquoian language and culture of upstate New York 27 These include the Seneca Cayuga Onondaga Oneida Mohawk and after 1722 the Tuscarora Nations Since the Confederacy s formation around 1450 the Onondaga Nation has held privilege of hosting the Iroquois Grand Council and the status of Keepers of the Fire and the Wampum which they still do at the official Longhouse on the Onondaga Reservation 28 Now spread over reservations in New York and Ontario the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee preserve this arrangement to this day in what they claim to be the world s oldest representative democracy 29 Seneca Nation of Indians edit Jimerson Town Allegany Reservation Irving Cattaraugus Reservation The Seneca Nation republic was founded in 1848 and has two capitals that rotate responsibilities every two years Jimerson Town was founded in the 1960s following the formation of the Allegheny Reservoir The Senecas also have an administrative longhouse in Steamburg but do not consider that location to be a capital Navajo Nation edit Window RockWindow Rock Navajo Tseghahoodzani Arizona is a small city that serves as the seat of government and capital of the Navajo Nation 1936 present the largest territory of a sovereign Native American nation in North America It lies within the boundaries of the St Michaels Chapter adjacent to the Arizona and New Mexico state line Window Rock hosts the Navajo Nation governmental campus which contains the Navajo Nation Council Navajo Nation Supreme Court the offices of the Navajo Nation President and Vice President and many Navajo government buildings Unrecognized national capitals editThere have been a handful of self declared or undeclared nations within the current borders of the United States which were never officially recognized as legally independent sovereign entities however these nations did have de facto control over their respective regions during their existence Colonies of British America edit nbsp Stadt Huys the original city hall of Albany New York and meeting place of the Albany Congress in 1754 Prior to the independence of the United States from Great Britain declared July 4 1776 in the Declaration of Independence and ultimately secured in the American Revolutionary War several congresses were convened on behalf of some of the colonies of British America However these bodies did not address the question of independence from England and therefore did not designate a national capital The Second Continental Congress encompassed the period during which the United States declared independence but had not yet established a permanent national capital City Building Start date End date Duration RefAlbany CongressAlbany New York Stadt Huys June 19 1754 July 11 1754 22 days 30 Stamp Act CongressNew York New York City Hall October 7 1765 October 25 1765 23 days 31 First Continental CongressPhiladelphia Pennsylvania Carpenters Hall September 5 1774 October 26 1774 1 month and 21 days 32 Second Continental CongressPhiladelphia Pennsylvania Independence Hall May 10 1775 July 4 1776 continuing after independence until December 12 1776 1 year 1 month and 24 days 8 Vermont Republic edit Before joining the United States as the fourteenth state Vermont was an independent republic known as the Vermont Republic 1777 1791 Three cities served as the capital of the Republic Westminster 1777 Windsor 1777 Castleton 1791The current capital of the State of Vermont is Montpelier State of Franklin edit The State of Franklin was an autonomous secessionist United States territory created not long after the end of the American Revolution from territory that later was ceded by North Carolina to the federal government Franklin s territory later became part of the state of Tennessee Franklin was never officially admitted into the Union of the United States and existed for only four years Jonesborough Tennessee 1784 1785 Greeneville Tennessee 1785 1788State of Muskogee edit The State of Muskogee was a Native American state in Spanish Florida created by the Englishman William Augustus Bowles who was its Director General author of its Constitution and designer of its flag 33 It consisted of several tribes of Creeks and Seminoles It existed from 1799 to 1803 It had one capital Miccosukee 34 1799 1803Republic of West Florida edit The Republic of West Florida was a short lived nation that broke away from the territory of Spanish West Florida in 1810 It comprised the Florida Parishes of the modern state of Louisiana and the Mobile District of the modern states of Mississippi and Alabama The Republic of West Florida did not include any part of the modern state of Florida Ownership of the area had been in dispute between Spain and the United States which claimed that it had been included in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 Within two months of the settlers rebellion and the declaration of an independent nation President James Madison sent American forces to peaceably occupy the new republic It was formally annexed by the United States in 1812 over the objections of Spain and the land was divided between the Territory of Orleans and Territory of Mississippi During its brief existence the capital of the Republic of West Florida was St Francisville Louisiana 1810Republic of Indian Stream edit The Republic of Indian Stream was an unrecognized independent nation within the present state of New Hampshire The area that would become Pittsburg New Hampshire 1832 1835California Republic edit Before being annexed by the United States in 1848 following the Mexican American War a small portion of north central California declared itself the California Republic in an act of independence from Mexico in 1846 see Bear Flag Revolt The republic only existed a month before it disbanded itself to join the advancing American army its claimed territory later became part of the United States as a result of the Mexican Cession nbsp The original of Todd s Bear Flag photographed in 1890 nbsp Modern flag of the State of CaliforniaThe very short lived California Republic was never recognized by the United States Mexico or any other nation The flag featuring a silhouette of a California grizzly bear a star and the words California Republic became known as the Bear Flag and was later the basis for the official state flag of California There was one de facto capital of the California Republic Sonoma 1846 Confederate States edit nbsp Richmond served as the second capital of the Confederate States of America The city has been Virginia s capital since 1780 The Confederate States of America C S A had two capitals during its existence The first capital was established February 4 1861 in Montgomery Alabama and remained there until it was moved to Richmond Virginia on May 29 1861 after Virginia seceded on May 23 The individual state capitals remained the same in the Confederacy as they had been in the Union U S A although as the advancing Union Army used those cities for military districts some of the Confederate governments were relocated or moved out of state traveling along with secessionist armies Montgomery Alabama February 4 1861 May 29 1861 Richmond Virginia May 29 1861 April 3 1865 Free State of Jones edit In 1863 and 1864 Jones County Mississippi revolted against Confederate rule and became practically independent under the name Free State of Jones The Free State fought a number of skirmishes with Confederate troops By the spring of 1864 the Jones County rebels had taken effective control of the county from the Confederate government raised an American flag over the courthouse in Ellisville and sent a letter to Union General William T Sherman declaring Jones County s independence from the Confederacy 35 Scholars have disputed whether the county truly seceded with some concluding it did not fully secede Lack of documentation makes the situation difficult to assess The rebellion in Jones County has been variously characterized as consisting of local skirmishes to being a full fledged war of independence 35 Ellisville MississippiHistorical state colonial and territorial capitals editMost of the original Thirteen Colonies had their capitals occupied or attacked by the British during the American Revolutionary War State governments operated where and as they could The City of New York was occupied by British troops from 1776 to 1783 A similar situation occurred during the War of 1812 during the American Civil War in many Confederate states and during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 1692 in New Mexico nbsp St Augustine served as Florida s capital from 1565 until the 1820s 36 Twenty two state capitals have been a capital longer than their state has been a state since they served as the capital of a predecessor territory colony or republic Boston Massachusetts has been a capital city since 1630 it is the oldest continuously running capital in the United States Santa Fe New Mexico is the oldest capital city having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the aforementioned Pueblo Revolt An even older Spanish city St Augustine Florida served as a colonial capital from 1565 until about 1820 more than 250 years The table below includes the following information The state the year in which statehood was granted and the state s capital are shown in bold type NOTE For the first thirteen states formerly the Thirteen Colonies of Great Britain on the Atlantic seaboard the year of statehood is shown as 1776 United States Declaration of Independence rather than the subsequent year each state ratified the 1787 United States Constitution See List of U S states by date of admission to the Union The year listed for each capital is the starting date the ending date is the starting date for the successor unless otherwise indicated In many cases capital cities of historical jurisdictions were outside of a state s present borders Those cities are generally indicated with the two letter abbreviation for the U S state in which the former administrative capital is now located Historical capitals in the United States of America State Capital Date NotesAlabama 37 Statehood in 1819 San Agustin FL 1565 Capital of the Spanish colony of La Florida e Savannah GA 1733 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia 1755 Capital of the British Province of Georgia 1776 Capitals of the State of Georgia Augusta GA 1778Heard s Fort GA 1780Augusta GA 1781Savannah GA 1782Ebenezer GA 1782Savannah GA 1784Augusta GA 1786Louisville GA 1796Natchez MS 1798 Capitals of the Mississippi Territory Washington MS 1802St Stephens 1817 Capital of the Alabama Territory Huntsville 1819 Capitals of the State of Alabama Cahawba 1820Tuscaloosa 1826Montgomery 1846 Capital of the State of Alabama Capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861 Alaska 38 Statehood in 1959 Novo ArkhangelskSitka 1808 Capital of the Russian colony of Alaska 1867 Capital of the Department of Alaska 1900 Capitals of the District of Alaska Juneau 19061912 Capital of the Territory of Alaska 1959 Capital of the State of Alaska Arizona 39 Statehood in 1912 Santa Fe NM 1848 Capital of the U S provisional government of New Mexico 1848 1850 1850 Capital of the U S Territory of New Mexico 1850 1912 Mesilla NM 1862 Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862 San Antonio TX 1862 Capital of the government in exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862 1865 Fort Whipple 1864 Capitals of the U S Territory of Arizona Prescott 1864Tucson 1867Prescott 1877Phoenix 18891912 Capital of the State of Arizona Arkansas 40 Statehood in 1836 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory 1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory Arkansas Post 1819 Capitals of the Arkansaw Territory f Little Rock 18211836 Capital of the State of Arkansas f Washington was the Confederate state capital 1863 1865 California 41 Statehood in 1850 Loreto BCS 1770 Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva Espana colonies of las Californias Presidio Real de San Carlos de MontereyMonterey 17771804 Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva Espana province of Alta California 1821 Capital of the Mexican province of Alta California 1846 Capital of the U S military government of California 1849 Capital of the Provisional Government of California Pueblo de San Jose de Guadalupe 1850 Capitals of the State of California Vallejo 1852Benicia 1853Sacramento g 1854Colorado 42 Statehood in 1876 Denver City h 1859 Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson Golden City 1860Denver City 1861 Capitals of the Territory of Colorado Colorado City 1862Golden City 1862Denver i 18671876 Capital of the State of Colorado ConnecticutStatehood in 1776 Fort Amsterdam NY 1625 Capital of the Dutch colony of Nieuw Nederland Hartford 1639 Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut 1639 1686 New Haven 1640 Capital of the English Colony of New Haven until its merger into the Connecticut Colony in 1662 Boston MA 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New England in America Hartford 1689 Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut joint capitals 1701 Hartford and New Haven served as the co capitals of the English Colony of Connecticut with the Assembly holding its May session in Hartford and its October session in New Haven 1707 Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the British Colony of Connecticut 1776 Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the State of Connecticut Hartford 1875 Capital of the State of Connecticut DelawareStatehood in 1776 Fort Christina 1638 Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige Fort AmsterdamNieuw AmsterdamNew YorkNieuw OranjeNew York NY 1655 Capital of the Dutch province of Nieuw Nederland 1664 Capital of the English Colony of New York 1673 Capital of the Dutch military government of Nieuw Nederland 1674 Capital of the English Colony of New York Philadelphia PA 1682 Capital of the English Colony of Pennsylvania New Castle 1704 Capital of the English Lower Counties on the Delaware 1707 Capital of the British Lower Counties on the Delaware 1776 Capitals of the State of Delaware Dover 1777Florida 43 Statehood in 1845 Fort de la Caroline 1564 Capital of the French colony of La Caroline 1564 1565 San AgustinSt Augustine 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida 1565 1763 e 1763 Capital of the British province of East Florida 1763 1783 1783 Capital of the Spanish province of Florida Oriental 1783 1821 Santa Maria de OchusePensacola 1763 Capital of the British province of British West Florida 1763 1783 1783 Capital of the Spanish province of Florida Occidental 1783 1821 Tallahassee 1824 Capital of the Florida Territory 1845 Capital of the State of Florida Georgia 44 Statehood in 1776 Fort de la Caroline 1564 Capital of the French colony of La Caroline 1564 1565 San Agustin FL 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida e Savannah 1733 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia 1755 Capital of the British Province of Georgia 1776 Capitals of the State of Georgia Augusta 1778Heard s Fort 1780Augusta 1781Savannah 1782Ebenezer 1782Savannah 1784Augusta 1786Louisville 1796Milledgeville 1807Macon 1864Milledgeville 1865Atlanta 1868HawaiiStatehood in 1959 Lahaina 1820 Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii Honolulu 18451894 Capital of the Republic of Hawaii 1898 Capital of the Territory of Hawaii 1959 Capital of the State of Hawaiʻi Idaho 45 Statehood in 1890 Oregon City OR 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country 46 1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon all of Idaho 1848 1853 southern Idaho 1853 1859 Salem OR 1851Olympia WA 1853 Capital of the Territory of Washington northern Idaho 1853 1859 all of Idaho 1859 1863 Lewiston 1863 Capitals of the Territory of Idaho Boise 18651890 Capital of the State of Idaho Illinois 47 Statehood in 1818 Marietta OH 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio Vincennes IN 1800 Capital of the Territory of Indiana Kaskaskia 1809 Capital of the Territory of Illinois 1818 Capitals of the State of Illinois Vandalia 1820Springfield 1839IndianaStatehood in 1816 Marietta OH 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio Vincennes 1800 Capitals of the Territory of Indiana Corydon 18131816 Capitals of the State of Indiana Indianapolis 1825Iowa 48 Statehood in 1846 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory 1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory 1812 1821 Detroit MI 1834 Capital of the Territory of Michigan Belmont WI 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin Burlington 18371838 Capitals of the Territory of Iowa Iowa City 18411846 Capitals of the State of Iowa Des Moines 1857Kansas 49 Statehood in 1861 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory 1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory 1812 1821 Pawnee 1855 Capital of the Kansas Territory July 2 6 Shawnee Mission 1855 Capital of the Kansas Territory Lecompton 1856 Capital de jure pro slavery of the Territory of Kansas Topeka Capital de facto anti slavery of the Territory of Kansas Minneola 1858 Declared capital by territorial legislature although this action was later declared void 50 Topeka 1861 Capital of the State of Kansas Kentucky 51 Statehood in 1792 Williamsburg VA 1699 Capital of the English Colony of Virginia 1707 Capital of the British Colony of Virginia 1776 Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia Richmond VA 1780Frankfort 1792 Capital of the Commonwealth of Kentucky The government initially met at Lexington but Frankfort was quickly named the capital Bowling Green was the rival Confederate state capital 1861 62 Louisiana j Statehood in 1812 San Agustin FL 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida e La Mobile AL 1702 Capitals of the French colony of La Louisiane Bilocci MS 1720La Nouvelle OrleansNueva OrleansNew Orleans 17221763 Capital of the Spanish district of Baja Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of La Basse Louisiane 1804 Capital of the Territory of Orleans 1812 Capitals of the State of Louisiana After the Union captured New Orleans in 1862 the Confederate seat of government relocated to Opelousas in 1862 and then to Shreveport in 1863 Donaldsonville 1830New Orleans 1831Baton Rouge 1849New Orleans 1864Baton Rouge 1882Maine 52 Statehood in 1820 Ile Sainte Croix 1604 Capitals of the French colony of l Acadie Port Royal NS 1605Boston MA 1630 Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New England in America 1689 Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1691 Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay 1707 Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay 1774 Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay 1776 Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay 1780 Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Portland 1820 Capital of the State of Maine 1827 Capital de facto of the State of Maine Augusta Capital de jure of the State of Maine 1832 Capital of the State of Maine Maryland 53 Statehood in 1776 St Mary s City 1634 Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Maryland Anne Arundel s TowneAnnapolis 1694 Capital of the English Province of Maryland 1707 Capital of the British Province of Maryland 1776 Capital of the State of Maryland Capital of the United States of America 1783 1784 MassachusettsStatehood in 1776 Plimouth 1620 Capital of the English Colony of New Plimouth 1620 1686 Boston 1630 Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1630 1686 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New England in America 1686 1689 Plimouth 1688 Capital of the dissident Colony of New Plimouth 1688 1692 Boston 1689 Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1689 1692 1692 Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay 1707 Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay 1774 Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay 1776 Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay 1780 Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Michigan 54 Statehood in 1837 Marietta OH 1788 Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio all of Michigan 1788 1800 eastern Michigan 1800 1803 Chillicothe OH 1800Vincennes IN Capitals of the Territory of Indiana western Michigan 1800 1803 all of Michigan 1803 1805 a portion of the Upper Peninsula 1805 1816 Corydon IN 1813Detroit 1805 Capital of the Territory of Michigan Lower Peninsula 1805 1818 all of Michigan 1818 1837 Detroit was occupied by British Armed Forces 1812 1813 1837 Capitals of the State of Michigan Lansing 1847Minnesota 55 Statehood in 1858 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1765 1800 1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute Louisiane west of Mississippi River 1800 1804 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana west of Mississippi River under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804 1805 1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana west of Mississippi River 1805 1812 1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri west of Mississippi River 1812 1821 Marietta OH 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio east of Mississippi River 1788 1800 Vincennes IN 1800 Capital of the Territory of Indiana east of Mississippi River 1800 1809 Kaskaskia IL 1809 Capital of the Territory of Illinois east of Mississippi River 1809 1818 Detroit MI 1818 Capital of the Territory of Michigan east of Mississippi River 1818 1834 all of Minnesota 1834 1836 Belmont WI 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin Burlington IA 18371838 Capital of the Territory of Iowa west of Mississippi River 1838 1841 Madison WI Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin east of Mississippi River 1838 1848 Iowa City IA 1841 Capital of the Territory of Iowa west of Mississippi River 1841 1846 Saint Paul 1849 Capital of the Territory of Minnesota 1858 Capital of the State of Minnesota Mississippi 56 Statehood in 1817 San Agustin FL 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida e Savannah GA 1733 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia 1755 Capital of the British Province of Georgia 1776 Capitals of the State of Georgia Augusta GA 1778Heard s Fort GA 1780Augusta GA 1781Savannah GA 1782Ebenezer GA 1782Savannah GA 1784Augusta GA 1786Louisville GA 1796Natchez 1798 Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi Washington 1802Natchez 1817 Capitals of the State of Mississippi Jackson 1821MissouriStatehood in 1821 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of La Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Louisiana Territory 1812 Capital of the Missouri Territory Saint Charles 1821 Capitals of the State of Missouri A Confederate state government in exile operated from Neosho 1861 1863 and from Marshall Texas 1863 1865 Jefferson City 1826Montana 57 Statehood in 1889 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana east of Continental Divide 1763 1800 1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute Louisiane east of Continental Divide 1800 1804 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana east of Continental Divide under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804 1805 1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana east of Continental Divide 1805 1812 1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri east of Continental Divide 1812 1821 Fort Vancouver WA 1825 Capital de facto of the Oregon Country west of Continental Divide 1818 1843 Oregon City OR 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon west of Continental Divide 1843 1848 1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon west of Continental Divide 1848 1853 Salem OR 1851Olympia WA 1853 Capital of the Territory of Washington west of Continental Divide 1853 1863 Omaha NE 1854 Capital of the Territory of Nebraska east of Continental Divide 1854 1861 Yankton SD 1861 Capital of the Territory of Dakota east of Continental Divide 1861 1863 Lewiston ID 1863 Capital of the Territory of Idaho Bannack 1864 Capitals of the Territory of Montana Virginia City 1865Helena 18751889 Capital of the State of Montana NebraskaStatehood in 1867 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana 1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri 1812 1821 Omaha 1854 Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska LancasterLincoln 18671867 Capital of the State of Nebraska Nevada 58 Statehood in 1864 Fillmore UT 1850 Capitals of the Territory of Utah Salt Lake City UT 1858Genoa 1861 Capital of the Territory of Nevada Carson City 1861 Capital of the Territory of Nevada 1864 Capital of the State of Nevada New Hampshire 59 Statehood in 1776 Boston MA 1630 Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay Portsmouth 1680 Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire Boston MA 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New England in America Portsmouth 1689 Capital of the dissident Province of New Hampshire 1691 Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire 1698 Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 1707 Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay 1741 Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire Exeter 1775 Capital of the Revolutionary War government of New Hampshire 1776 Capitals of the State of New Hampshire Concord 1808New JerseyStatehood in 1776 Fort Amsterdam NY New York NY 1625 Capital of the Dutch colony of Nieuw Nederland 1652 Capital of the Dutch province of Nieuw Nederland 1664 Capital of the English Province of New York Elizabethtown now Elizabeth 1665 Capital of the English Province of New Jersey Perth Amboy 1673 Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1673 1688 Burlington Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1673 1688 Boston MA 1688 Capital of the English Dominion of New England in America 1688 1689 Perth Amboy 1689 Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1689 1702 Burlington Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1689 1702 joint capitals 1702 East Jersey and West Jersey were re united as the English Province of New Jersey in 1702 Perth Amboy and Burlington served jointly as the capital until 1784 1707 Joint capitals of the British Province of New Jersey 1776 Joint capitals of the State of New Jersey Trenton 1784 Capital of the State of New Jersey Capital of the United States of America in 1784 New MexicoStatehood in 1912 San Juan de los Caballeros 1598 Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva Espana province of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asis 1610El Paso del Norte now Ciudad Juarez CHH 1680 Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva Espana province in exile of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico Pueblo Revolt 1680 1692 La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de AsisSanta Fe 1692 Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva Espana province of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico 1821 Capital of the Mexican province of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico 1824 Capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico 1846 Capital of the U S military government of New Mexico 1846 1846 Capital of the U S provisional government of New Mexico 1846 1850 1850 Capital of the U S Territory of New Mexico 1850 1912 Santa Fe 1912 Capital of the State of New Mexico New YorkStatehood in 1776 Fort AmsterdamNieuw AmsterdamNew YorkNieuw OranjeNew York 1625 Capital of the Dutch colony of Nieuw Nederland Novum Belgium 1652 Capital of the Dutch province of Nieuw Nederland 1664 Capital of the English Province of New York 1673 Capital of the Dutch military government of Nieuw Nederland 1674 Capital of the English Province of New York Boston MA 1688 Capital of the English Dominion of New England in America New York 1689 Capital of the dissident government of New York 1691 Capital of the English Province of New York 1707 Capital of the British Province of New York 1776 Capitals of the State of New York Kingston 1777Hurley 1777Poughkeepsie 1777New York 1788 Capital of the State of New York Capital of the United States of America 1785 1788 and 1789 1790 Albany 1797 Capital of the State of New York North CarolinaStatehood in 1776 San Agustin FL 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida e Charlestown SC 1670 Capital of the English Province of Carolina 1707 Capital of the British Province of Carolina New Bern 1712 Capital of the British Province of North Carolina 1776 Capitals of the State of North Carolina Fayetteville 1789Raleigh 1794North DakotaStatehood in 1889 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana 1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri 1812 1821 Detroit MI 1834 Capital of the Territory of Michigan east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1834 1836 Belmont WI 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1836 1838 Burlington IA 18371838 Capitals of the Territory of Iowa east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1838 1846 Iowa City IA 1841Saint Paul MN 1849 Capital of the Territory of Minnesota east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1849 1858 Omaha NE 1854 Capital of the Territory of Nebraska west of Missouri River or White Earth River 1854 1861 Yankton SD 1861 Capitals of the Territory of Dakota Bismarck 18831889 Capital of the State of North Dakota OhioStatehood in 1803 Marietta 1788 Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio Chillicothe 18001803 Capitals of the State of Ohio Zanesville 1810Chillicothe 1812Columbus 1816OklahomaStatehood in 1907 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana 1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri Arkansas Post AR 1819 Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw f south of the parallel 36 30 north 1819 1824 southeastern Oklahoma 1824 1828 Little Rock AR 1821Fort Gibson 1824 De facto capital of the Indian Territory Tahlequah 1838 Capital of the Cherokee Nation Tuskahoma 1838 Capital of the Choctaw Nation Tishomingo 1855 Capital of the Chickasaw Nation Wewoka 1866 Capital of the Seminole Nation Okmulgee 1867 Capital of the Creek Nation Pawhuska 1872 Capital of the Osage Nation Guthrie 1889 Capital of the Territory of Oklahoma 1907 Capitals of the State of Oklahoma Oklahoma City 1910Oregon 60 Statehood in 1859 Champoeg 1843 Temporary capital of the disputed Oregon Country Oregon City 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country 46 1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon Salem 1851Corvallis 1855Salem 18551859 Capital of the State of Oregon Pennsylvania 61 Statehood in 1776 Fort Christina 1638 Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige Philadelphia 1682 Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania 1707 Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania 1776 Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Capital of the United States of America 1776 1777 1778 1783 and 1790 1800 Lancaster 1799 Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Capital of the United States of America 1777 Harrisburg 1812 Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Rhode IslandStatehood in 1776 Providence 1636 Capital of the English Colony of Providence 1636 1644 Portsmouth 1639 Capital of the English Colony of Aquidneck Island 1639 1644 1644 Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island Providence 1644 Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Boston MA 1686 Capital of the English Dominion of New England in America Providence 1689 Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 1707 Capital of the British Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations five capitals 1776 From 1776 to 1853 the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations rotated among the county seats of the state s five counties Providence Newport East Greenwich South Kingstown and Bristol joint capitals 1854 From 1854 to 1899 the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations alternated sessions between Providence and Newport Providence 1900 Capital of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 2020 Capital of the State of Rhode Island South CarolinaStatehood in 1776 Charlesfort FL 1562 Capital of the French colony of Floride francoise San Agustin FL 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida e Charlestown 1670 Capital of the English Province of Carolina 1707 Capital of the British Province of Carolina 1712 Capital of the British Province of South Carolina 1776 Capitals of the State of South Carolina Columbia 1786South DakotaStatehood in 1889 Saint LouisSan LuisSt Louis MO 1765 Capital of the Spanish though predominantly Francophone district of Alta Louisiana 1800 Capital of the French district of la Haute Louisiane 1804 Capital of the District of Louisiana under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1805 Capital of the Territory of Louisiana 1812 Capital of the Territory of Missouri 1812 1821 Detroit MI 1834 Capital of the Territory of Michigan east of Missouri River 1834 1836 Belmont WI 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin east of Missouri River 1836 1838 Burlington IA 18371838 Capitals of the Territory of Iowa east of Missouri River 1838 1846 Iowa City IA 1841Saint Paul MN 1849 Capital of the Territory of Minnesota east of Missouri River 1849 1858 Omaha NE 1854 Capital of the Territory of Nebraska west of Missouri River 1854 1861 Yankton 1861 Capitals of the Territory of Dakota Bismarck ND 1883Pierre 1889 Capital of the State of South Dakota Tennessee 62 Statehood in 1796 New Bern NC 1712 Capital of the British Province of North Carolina 1776 Capital of the State of North Carolina Rocky Mount 1790 Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio White s FortKnoxville 17911796 Capital of the State of Tennessee Kingston 1807 Capital of the State of Tennessee for one day in 1807 to fulfill treaty obligations with the Cherokee Nation Knoxville 1807 Capitals of the State of Tennessee Nashville 1812Knoxville 1817Murfreesboro 1818Nashville 1826TexasStatehood in 1845 Los Adaes LA 1729 Capitals of the Spanish province of Tejas San Antonio de Bexar now San Antonio 1772Saltillo COA 1824 Capitals of the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas Monclova COA 1833San Felipe de Austin 1835 Capital of the Provisional Government of Texas Washington now Washington on the Brazos 1836 Capitals of the Republic of Texas Galveston 1836Harrisburg 1836Velasco 1836Columbia 1836Houston 1837Austin 18391845 Capital of the State of Texas UtahStatehood in 1896 Salt Lake City 1849 Capital of the extralegal State of Deseret Fillmore 1850 Capitals of the Territory of Utah Salt Lake City 18581896 Capital of the State of Utah Vermont 63 Statehood in 1791 Westminster 1777 Capitals of the Republic of New Connecticut Windsor 17771777 Capital of the Vermont Republic 1791 Capitals of the State of Vermont Montpelier 1805Virginia 64 Statehood in 1776 San Agustin FL 1565 Capital of the Spanish province of La Florida e Jamestown 1607 Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia Middle PlantationWilliamsburg 16981707 Capital of the British Colony of Virginia 1776 Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia Richmond 1780 Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia Capital of the Confederate States of America 1861 1865 A rival pro Union state government operated from Wheeling 1861 1863 and from Alexandria 1863 1865 Washington 65 Statehood in 1889 Champoeg OR 1843 Temporary capital of the disputed Oregon Country Oregon City OR 1843 Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country 46 1848 Capitals of the Territory of Oregon Salem OR 1851Olympia 1853 Capital of the Territory of Washington 1889 Capital of the State of Washington West VirginiaStatehood in 1863 Jamestown VA 1619 Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia Middle Plantation VA Williamsburg VA 16981707 Capital of the British Colony of Virginia 1776 Capitals of the Commonwealth of Virginia Richmond VA 1780Wheeling 1861 Capital of the rival pro Union government of the Commonwealth of Virginia 1863 Capitals of the State of West Virginia Charleston 1870Wheeling 1875Charleston 1885Wisconsin 66 Statehood in 1848 Marietta OH 1788 Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio Vincennes IN 1800 Capital of the Territory of Indiana Kaskaskia IL 1809 Capital of the Territory of Illinois Detroit MI 1818 Capital of the Territory of Michigan Belmont 1836 Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin Burlington IA 1837Madison 18381848 Capital of the State of Wisconsin Wyoming 67 Statehood in 1890 Lewiston ID 1863 Capital of the Territory of Idaho Yankton SD 1864 Capital of the Territory of Dakota Cheyenne 1869 Capital of the Territory of Wyoming 1890 Capital of the State of Wyoming See also editHistory of the United States List of largest cities of U S states and territories by population List of state and territorial capitols in the United States List of states and territories of the United States Lists of capitals Outline of United States history Relocation of the United States Government to Trenton 1799 Territorial evolution of the United States Territories of the United States Timeline of geopolitical changesExplanatory notes edit Congress was forced to move from Philadelphia due to a riot of angry soldiers See Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 Government offices were evacuated to Trenton New Jersey from August to November 1799 following an outbreak of yellow fever in Philadelphia The District of Columbia was formed February 27 1801 with the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 The city of Washington was founded in 1791 and construction of the new capital began while it was still part of Maryland President John Adams moved to the White House on November 1 1800 and the 6th United States Congress held its first session in Washington on November 17 1800 16 President James Madison fled to the home of Caleb Bentley in Brookeville Maryland following the burning of Washington on August 24 25 1814 As such the town claims to have been the U S Capital for a Day despite the fact that Congress never met there 17 a b c d e f g h The Spanish name La Florida originally referred to all of the American continent north of Mexico As other European nations colonized North America the extent of La Florida shrank to encompass only the Spanish territorial claims in the southeastern portion of the present United States a b c The name Arkansas has been pronounced and spelled in a variety of fashions The region was organized as the Territory of Arkansaw on July 4 1819 but the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Arkansas on June 15 1836 The name was historically pronounced ˈ ɑːr k e n s ɔː ɑːr ˈ k ae n z e s and several other variants In 1881 the Arkansas General Assembly passed the following concurrent resolution Arkansas Statutes Title 1 Chapter 4 Section 105 Whereas confusion of practice has arisen in the pronunciation of the name of our state and it is deemed important that the true pronunciation should be determined for use in oral official proceedings And whereas the matter has been thoroughly investigated by the State Historical Society and the Eclectic Society of Little Rock which have agreed upon the correct pronunciation as derived from history and the early usage of the American immigrants Be it therefore resolved by both houses of the General Assembly that the only true pronunciation of the name of the state in the opinion of this body is that received by the French from the Native Americans and committed to writing in the French word representing the sound It should be pronounced in three 3 syllables with the final s silent the a in each syllable with the Italian sound and the accent on the first and last syllables The pronunciation with the accent on the second syllable with the sound of a in man and the sounding of the terminal s is an innovation to be discouraged Citizens of the State of Kansas often pronounce the Arkansas River ɑːr ˈ k ae n z e s in a manner similar to the common pronunciation of the name of their state Due to flooding in Sacramento San Francisco served as a temporary capital from January 24 1862 to May 15 1862 See California s State Capitols 1850 present PDF Archived from the original PDF on August 19 2010 Retrieved March 14 2013 From December 3 1859 to December 3 1861 Denver City was formally the City of Denver Auraria and Highland On November 15 1902 the City of Denver became the City and County of Denver Note The Louisiana Capitals information may be incorrect or incomplete See Louisiana History Archived from the original on June 15 2006 Retrieved June 28 2006 and elsewhere References edit Article 1 Section 8 Clause 17 Constitution Annotated Congress gov Library of Congress Retrieved May 31 2020 Farewell to New York U S Senate Archived from the original on October 10 2020 Retrieved May 31 2020 Drexler Ken April 21 2020 Residence Act Primary Documents in American History Introduction Library of Congress Research Guides Retrieved May 31 2020 a b Gonzalez Jennifer November 17 2015 On This Day Congress Moves to Washington D C In Custodia Legis Law Librarians of Congress Library of Congress Blogs Retrieved May 31 2020 Congress Hall Independence National Historical Park U S National Park Service National Park Service Retrieved May 31 2020 Ceremonial Meeting of Congress in Philadelphia for Bicentennial of Constitution US House of Representatives History Art amp Archives Retrieved May 31 2020 A Special Session at Federal Hall in New York City US House of Representatives History Art amp Archives September 6 2002 Retrieved May 31 2020 a b Riley Edward M 1953 The Independence Hall Group Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 43 1 7 42 doi 10 2307 1005661 ISSN 0065 9746 JSTOR 1005661 Buildings of the Department of State Henry Fite s House Baltimore Dec 20 1776 Feb 27 1777 Office of the Historian Retrieved May 31 2020 a b c Klein Christopher 8 Forgotten Capitals of the United States HISTORY Retrieved May 31 2020 Meeting Places for the Continental Congresses and the Confederation Congress 1774 1789 Retrieved January 30 2022 College Hall Philadelphia Pennsylvania July 2 1778 to July 20 1778 unitedstatescapitals org see also Ford Worthington C Hunt Gaillard Fitzpatrick John C Hill Roscoe R eds Journals of the Continental Congress JCC 1774 1789 A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation U S Congressional Documents and Databases 1774 1875 Washington DC Government Printing Office 1 13 104 114 via Library of Congress Meeting Places for the Continental Congresses and the Confederation Congress 1774 1789 Retrieved January 30 2022 a b c d e f g h i The Nine Capitals of the United States U S Senate Retrieved May 31 2020 Carter II Edward C 1971 1972 Benjamin Henry Latrobe and the Growth and Development of Washington 1798 1818 Records of the Columbia Historical Society 139 A Brief History Town of Brookeville Maryland 2006 Archived from the original on December 7 2008 Retrieved October 7 2008 The Senate Convenes in Emergency Quarters U S Senate Retrieved May 31 2020 On This Day December 4 1815 U S Senate Retrieved May 31 2020 Meeting Places and Quarters U S Senate Retrieved May 31 2020 Bureau US Census City and Town Population Totals 2020 The United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 9 2020 Bureau US Census Metropolitan and Micropolitan Population Totals 2020 The United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 9 2020 Bureau US Census Combined Statistical Area Population Totals and city rankings 2020 The United States Census Bureau Retrieved November 9 2020 a b Ehle John 1988 Trail of Tears The Rise and Fall of the Cherokee Nation New York Anchor Books Doubleday ISBN 0385239548 Qualla Boundary NCpedia www ncpedia org Retrieved September 18 2017 Muscogee Creek Nation Culture history Muscogee Creek Nation nysmuseum September 30 2014 Haudenosaunee or Iroquois archived from the original on December 12 2021 retrieved January 24 2017 Haudenosaunee Confederacy www haudenosauneeconfederacy com Retrieved January 24 2017 Haudenosaunee Confederacy www haudenosauneeconfederacy com Retrieved January 24 2017 Albany Congress United States history 1754 Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved May 31 2020 History amp Culture Federal Hall National Memorial National Park Service Retrieved May 31 2020 Buildings of the Department of State Carpenters Hall Philadelphia Sept 5 1774 Oct 26 1774 Office of the Historian Retrieved May 31 2020 Landers Jane 2010 Atlantic Creoles in the Age of Revolutions London Harvard University Press pp 102 103 The State of Muskogee State Flags of Florida Cultural Historical and Information Programs Office of Cultural and Historical Programs website Florida Department of State Government of Florida retrieved October 31 2007 a b Kelly James R Jr April 2009 Newton Knight and the Legend of the Free State of Jones mshistorynow mdah ms gov Mississippi History Now Mississippi Historical Society Archived from the original on December 23 2016 Retrieved February 3 2019 Florida Timeline Florida Senate Kids archive flsenate gov Retrieved May 24 2021 Capitals of Alabama Alabama Department of Archives and History Updated October 29 2001 Accessed June 9 2005 Frequently Asked Questions About Alaska Archived June 13 2005 at the Wayback Machine Statewide Library Electronic Doorway Updated September 21 2004 Accessed June 9 2005 based on Alaska Blue Book 1993 94 11th ed Juneau Department of Education Division of State Libraries Archives amp Museums ExploreNorth The History of Sitka Archived February 18 2005 at the Wayback Machine Department of Community and Economic Development Alaska Community Database Online Accessed June 9 2005 Capitals before the Capitol Archived March 7 2005 at the Wayback Machine Arizona State Library Archives and Public Records Accessed June 9 2005 Educational Materials Facts Archived June 26 2005 at the Wayback Machine Arkansas Secretary of State Accessed June 9 2005 Washington State Park 19th century village in SW Arkansas Archived May 17 2008 at the Wayback Machine Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism Confederate Capital Old Division of State Parks 2003 Accessed June 9 2005 E Dotson Wilson 2006 Ebbert Brian S ed California s Legislature PDF Sacramento California State of California pp 157 165 Retrieved October 3 2006 Early Capitol and Legislative Assembly Locations Colorado State Archives Colorado State Capitol Virtual Tour Updated June 20 2003 Accessed June 9 2005 Florida State History Florida Division of Historical Resources Jackson Edwin L Story of Georgia s Capitols and Capital Cities Archived October 9 2007 at the Wayback Machine Carl Vinson Institute of Government University of Georgia 1988 Chronological History of Idaho Archived August 7 2005 at the Wayback Machine Idaho Office of the Governor Created 2000 Accessed June 9 2005 a b c Clarke S A 1905 Pioneer Days of Oregon History J K Gill Company Past Capitols based on Illinois Bluebook 1975 1976 Created March 5 2005 Accessed June 10 2005 Sabin Henry Making of Iowa chapter 24 Locating a Capital Originally published 1900 by A Flanagan Co of Chicago and New York published online by Iowa History Project posted August 25 2004 Accessed June 10 2005 Harding Eldon Stories from the Kansas State Capital Choosing a Capital City Why Topeka Archived March 12 2005 at the Wayback Machine Kansas State Historical Society April 2001 Accessed June 10 2005 Fitzgerald Daniel 1988 Ghost Towns of Kansas University Press of Kansas pp 61 65 ISBN 0700603689 Kentucky s State Capitols Archived August 13 2006 at the Wayback Machine Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives Accessed July 24 2006 Students Questions Frequently Ask Archived March 13 2005 at the Wayback Machine Maine State Senate Accessed June 10 2005 Historical Chronology Maryland State Archives Accessed July 24 2006 Michigan in Brief State of Michigan Updated March 7 2005 Accessed June 10 2005 Saint Paul s 150th birthday Archived April 11 2005 at the Wayback Machine City of Saint Paul Minnesota Accessed June 9 2005 Bunn Mike and Clay Williams Capitals and Capitols The Places and Spaces of Mississippi s Seat of Government Archived May 11 2005 at the Wayback Machine Mississippi History Now Mississippi Historical Society Online Posted September 2003 Accessed June 10 2005 Lambert Kirby Montana s crown jewel of architecture The Montana state capitol Archived September 27 2011 at the Wayback Machine Montana The Magazine of Western History Montana Historical Society Summer 2002 Accessed June 10 2005 Rocha Guy Nevada State Archives Historical Myth a Month Myth 28 Las Vegas Nevada s Next State Capital Archived August 22 2003 at the Wayback Machine Updated July 14 2003 Accessed June 9 2005 originally published as Sierra Sage Carson City Carson Valley Nevada May 1998 edition New Hampshire Senate Page For Kids New Hampshire General Court Accessed June 9 2005 New Hampshire History in Brief New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources Created 1989 Accessed June 9 2005 Oregon Legislative Assembly History Oregon State Archives Accessed February 17 2012 The History of Pennsylvania s Capital Pennsylvania Department of Education Accessed July 24 2006 Capital Cities Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture 2002 Accessed March 12 2006 Early History of Montpelier Vermont Archived February 12 2005 at the Wayback Machine Vermont Historical Society Accessed June 9 2005 adapted from Esther Munroe Swift Vermont Place Names Footprints of History 1977 1996 and Montpelier Heritage Group Three Walking Tours of Montpelier Vt 1991 About Our Capital Archived June 25 2006 at the Wayback Machine Virginia General Assembly Accessed July 20 2006 The History of Olympia City of Olympia Accessed June 9 2005 Cravens Stanley H Capitals and Capitols in Early Wisconsin Archived June 23 2006 at the Wayback Machine Wisconsin Blue Book Archived February 9 2006 at the Wayback Machine 1983 1984 edition Saban Mary Thompson Wyoming Sage Brief History of Wyoming Updated January 17 2004 Accessed June 10 2005 Further reading editChristian Montes American Capitals A Historical Geography University of Chicago Press 2014 394 pages scholarly study of geographic and other factors that have shaped the designation of capitals in all 50 statesExternal links editstate capital at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Definitions from Wiktionary nbsp Media from Commons nbsp News from Wikinews nbsp Quotations from Wikiquote nbsp Texts from Wikisource nbsp Textbooks from Wikibooks nbsp Resources from Wikiversity Florida Facts The Capitol The Capitalization of Georgia The State Houses of Louisiana Las Vegas Nevada s Next State Capital New Hampshire Senate for Kids Capitals Handbook of Texas Online Capitals Colonial Capitals of the Dominion of Virginia Utah History To Go Utah s Capitols Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of capitals in the United States amp oldid 1200066313, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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