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Saint Paul, Minnesota

Saint Paul (abbreviated St. Paul) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County.[5] Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River, Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center of Minnesota's government.[6][7] The Minnesota State Capitol and the state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city's downtown district. One of the oldest cities in Minnesota, Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks, such as the Summit Avenue Neighborhood, the James J. Hill House, and the Cathedral of Saint Paul.[8][9] Like the adjacent and larger city of Minneapolis, Saint Paul is known for its cold, snowy winters and humid summers.

Saint Paul, Minnesota
City of Saint Paul
Clockwise from the top: Downtown Saint Paul with Harriet Island in foreground, the Xcel Energy Center, the Saint Paul Cathedral, the Minnesota State Capitol, the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory, and the historic James J. Hill House
Nickname(s): 
"the Capital City", "the Saintly City", "Twin Cities" (with Minneapolis), "Pig's Eye", "STP", "Last City of the East"
Motto: 
The most livable city in America*
Interactive map of St. Paul
Coordinates: 44°56′39″N 93°5′37″W / 44.94417°N 93.09361°W / 44.94417; -93.09361Coordinates: 44°56′39″N 93°5′37″W / 44.94417°N 93.09361°W / 44.94417; -93.09361
Country United States
State Minnesota
CountyRamsey
IncorporatedMarch 4, 1854
Named forSt. Paul the Apostle
Government
 • MayorMelvin Carter (DFL)
 • BodySaint Paul City Council
Area
 • City56.10 sq mi (145.31 km2)
 • Land51.97 sq mi (134.61 km2)
 • Water4.13 sq mi (10.70 km2)
Elevation
795 ft (214 m)
Population
 • City311,527
 • Estimate 
(2021)[3]
307,193
 • RankUS: 67th MN: 2nd
 • Density5,994.02/sq mi (2,314.32/km2)
 • Metro
3,690,512 (US: 16th)
 • Demonym
Saint Paulite
Time zoneUTC-6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
55101–55108, 55114, 55116, 55117, 55119, 55130
Area code651
FIPS code27-58000
Major airportMinneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport
Interstates
U.S. Routes
Public transportationMetro Transit
Websitestpaul.gov
Current as of July 30, 2008.[4]

According to census estimates, in 2021 the city's population was 307,193, making it the 67th-largest city in the United States, the 12th-most populous in the Midwest, and the second-most populous in Minnesota.[10][11] Most of the city lies east of the Mississippi River near its confluence with the Minnesota River. Minneapolis is mostly across the Mississippi River to the west. Together, they are known as the "Twin Cities" and make up the core of Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, the third most populous metro in the Midwest.[12]

The Legislative Assembly of the Minnesota Territory established the Town of St. Paul as its capital near existing Dakota Sioux settlements in November 1849. It remained a town until 1854. The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is "Imnizaska" for the "white rock" bluffs along the river.[13] The city has two sports venues: Xcel Energy Center, home to the Minnesota Wild, and Allianz Field, home to Minnesota United.[14]

Saint Paul has a mayor–council government. The current mayor is Melvin Carter III, who was first elected in 2018.

History

 
A burial mound at Indian Mounds Park

Burial mounds in present-day Indian Mounds Park suggest the area was inhabited by the Hopewell Native Americans about 2,000 years ago.[15][16] From the early 17th century to 1837, the Mdewakanton Dakota, a tribe of the Sioux, lived near the mounds after being displaced from their ancestral grounds by Mille Lacs Lake from advancing Ojibwe.[15][17] The Dakota called the area Imniza-Ska ("white cliffs") for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on the river's eastern side.[18][19] The Imniza-Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota. The explorer Jonathan Carver documented the historic Wakan tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767. In the Menominee language St. Paul was called Sāēnepān-Menīkān, which means "ribbon, silk or satin village", suggesting its role in trade throughout the region after the introduction of European goods.[20]

After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, U.S Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike negotiated approximately 100,000 acres (40,000 ha; 160 sq mi) of land from the indigenous Dakota in 1805 to establish a fort. A military reservation was intended for the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers on both sides of the Mississippi up to Saint Anthony Falls. All of what is now the Highland park neighborhood was included in this. Pike planned a second military reservation at the confluence of the St. Croix and Mississippi rivers.[21] In 1819, Fort Snelling was built at the Minnesota and Mississippi confluence. The 1837 Treaty with the Sioux ceded all tribal lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. government.[22] Chief Little Crow III moved his village, Kaposia, from south of Mounds Park across the river a few miles onto Dakota land.[23][24] Fur traders, explorers, and settlers came to the area for the fort's security. Many were French-Canadians who predated American pioneers by some time. A whiskey trade flourished among the squatters and the fort's commander evicted them all from the fort's reservation. Fur trader turned bootlegger "Pig's Eye" Parrant, who set up business just outside the reservation, particularly irritated the commander.[25][19] By the early 1840s, a community had developed nearby that locals called Pig's Eye (French: L'Œil du Cochon) or Pig's Eye Landing after Parrant's popular tavern.[25] In 1842, a raiding party of Ojibwe attacked the Kaposia encampment south of St. Paul. A battle ensued where a creek drained into wetlands two miles south of Wakan Tipi.[26] The creek was thereafter called Battle Creek and is today parkland. In the 1840s-70s the Métis brought their oxen and Red River Carts down Kellogg Street to Lambert's landing to send buffalo hides to market from the Red River of the North. St. Paul was the southern terminus of the Red River Trails. In 1840, Pierre Bottineau became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement's center.[27]

In 1841, Catholic missionary Lucien Galtier was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota. He had a chapel he named for St. Paul built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling.[28][29] Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel's name for the settlement and cease the use of "Pigs Eye".[25] In 1847, New York educator Harriet Bishop moved to the settlement and opened the city's first school.[30] The Minnesota Territory was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital. The U.S. Army made the territory's first improved road, Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road, in 1850. It passed through what became St. Paul neighborhoods.[31] In 1857, the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to Saint Peter, but Joe Rolette, a territorial legislator, stole the text of the bill and went into hiding, preventing the move.[32]

 
Red river ox cart and driver in St. Paul

The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul,[30] making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or Dakota Territory. Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub. The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley's topography. For a time, Saint Paul was called "The Last City of the East."[33] Fort Snelling was important to St. Paul from the start. Direct access from St. Paul did not happen until the 7th bridge was built in 1880. Before that, there was a cable ferry crossing dating to at latest the 1840s. Once streetcars appeared, a new bridge to St. Paul was built in 1904. Until the town built its first jail the fort's brig served St. Paul. Industrialist James J. Hill founded his railroad empire in St. Paul. The Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific Railway were both headquartered in St. Paul until they merged with the Burlington Northern. Today they are part of the BNSF Railway.[33]

On August 20, 1904, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes damaged hundreds of downtown buildings, causing $1.78 million ($53.68 million today) in damages and ripping spans from the High Bridge.[34] During the 1960s, in conjunction with urban renewal, Saint Paul razed neighborhoods west of downtown for the creation of the interstate freeway system.[35] From 1959 to 1961, the Rondo Neighborhood was demolished for the construction of Interstate 94. The loss of that African American enclave brought attention to racial segregation and unequal housing in northern cities.[36] The annual Rondo Days celebration commemorates the African American community.[37]

Downtown St. Paul had skyscraper-building booms beginning in the 1970s. Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction. The tallest buildings, such as Galtier Plaza (Jackson and Sibley Towers), The Pointe of Saint Paul condominiums, and the city's tallest building, Wells Fargo Place (formerly Minnesota World Trade Center), were constructed in the late 1980s.[38] In the 1990s and 2000s, the tradition of bringing new immigrant groups to the city continued. As of 2004, nearly 10% of the city's population were recent Hmong immigrants from Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar.[39] Saint Paul is the location of the Hmong Archives.[40]

Geography

 
The Meeker Island Lock and Dam was the first lock and dam on the Mississippi River in 1902.

Saint Paul's history and growth as a landing port are tied to water. The city's defining physical characteristic, the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, was carved into the region during the last ice age, as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built. Receding glaciers and Lake Agassiz forced torrents of water from a glacial river that served the river valleys.[41] The city is situated in east-central Minnesota.

The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of the city's west, southwest, and southeast sides. Minneapolis, the state's largest city, lies to the west. Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Roseville, and Maplewood are north, with Maplewood lying to the east. The cities of West Saint Paul and South Saint Paul are to the south, as are Lilydale, Mendota, and Mendota Heights, across the river from the city. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, which is part of the Mississippi, Lake Phalen, and Lake Como. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 56.18 square miles (145.51 km2), of which 51.98 square miles (134.63 km2) is land and 4.20 square miles (10.88 km2) is water.[42]

The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers.[43] The city ranked #2 in park access and quality, after only Minneapolis, in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land.[44]

Neighborhoods

Saint Paul's Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into seventeen Planning Districts, created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use Community Development Block Grants. With a funding agreement directly from the city, the councils share a pool of funds.[45] The councils have significant land-use control, a voice in guiding development, and they organize residents.[46] The boundaries are adjusted depending on population changes; as such, they sometimes overlap established neighborhoods.[47] Though these neighborhoods changed over time, preservationists have saved many of their historically significant structures.

The city's 17 Planning Districts are:

  1. Sunray-Battle Creek-Highwood
  2. Greater East Side
  3. West Side
  4. Dayton's Bluff
  5. Payne-Phalen
  6. North End
  7. Thomas Dale (Frogtown)
  8. Summit-University
  9. West Seventh
  10. Como Park
  11. Hamline-Midway
  12. Saint Anthony Park
  13. Union Park
  14. Macalester-Groveland
  15. Highland Park
  16. Summit Hill
  17. Downtown

Climate

 
The city skyline from the southwest in the winter

Saint Paul has a humid continental climate typical of the Upper Midwestern United States. Winters are frigid and snowy, while summers are warm to hot and humid. On the Köppen climate classification, Saint Paul falls in the hot summer humid continental climate zone (Dfa). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet, ice, rain, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and fog.[48]

Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic air masses, especially during late December, January, and February. The average annual temperature of 46.5 °F (8.1 °C) gives the Minneapolis−Saint Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the continental U.S.[49]

Climate data for St. Paul Downtown Airport, Minnesota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1872–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 58
(14)
64
(18)
83
(28)
93
(34)
99
(37)
101
(38)
104
(40)
104
(40)
101
(38)
90
(32)
78
(26)
63
(17)
104
(40)
Average high °F (°C) 23.9
(−4.5)
28.7
(−1.8)
41.7
(5.4)
56.8
(13.8)
68.9
(20.5)
78.5
(25.8)
82.6
(28.1)
80.4
(26.9)
72.4
(22.4)
58.0
(14.4)
42.1
(5.6)
28.6
(−1.9)
55.2
(12.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 16.3
(−8.7)
20.8
(−6.2)
33.1
(0.6)
47.0
(8.3)
58.9
(14.9)
68.8
(20.4)
73.3
(22.9)
71.1
(21.7)
62.9
(17.2)
49.0
(9.4)
34.6
(1.4)
21.7
(−5.7)
46.5
(8.1)
Average low °F (°C) 8.6
(−13.0)
12.9
(−10.6)
24.6
(−4.1)
37.2
(2.9)
48.9
(9.4)
59.2
(15.1)
64.0
(17.8)
61.7
(16.5)
53.4
(11.9)
40.0
(4.4)
27.1
(−2.7)
14.8
(−9.6)
37.7
(3.2)
Record low °F (°C) −41
(−41)
−33
(−36)
−26
(−32)
6
(−14)
23
(−5)
34
(1)
45
(7)
39
(4)
28
(−2)
8
(−13)
−25
(−32)
−39
(−39)
−41
(−41)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.48
(12)
0.52
(13)
1.43
(36)
2.58
(66)
3.97
(101)
4.63
(118)
3.97
(101)
4.10
(104)
3.08
(78)
2.47
(63)
1.32
(34)
0.65
(17)
29.20
(742)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 4.0 4.3 7.1 10.6 12.7 13.0 9.9 10.0 9.6 9.2 6.2 4.9 101.5
Source 1: NOAA[50][51]
Source 2: The Weather Channel[52]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop.
18501,112
186010,401835.3%
187020,03092.6%
188041,473107.1%
1890133,156221.1%
1900163,06522.5%
1910214,74431.7%
1920234,6989.3%
1930271,60615.7%
1940287,7365.9%
1950311,3498.2%
1960313,4110.7%
1970309,980−1.1%
1980270,230−12.8%
1990272,2350.7%
2000287,1515.5%
2010285,068−0.7%
2020311,5279.3%
2021 (est.)307,193[3]−1.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[53]
2020 Census[2]
Demographic profile 2020[54] 2010[55] 2000[56] 1990[57] 1970[57]
White (non-Hispanic) 48.8% 55.9% 64.0% 80.4% 93.6%[58]
Asian (non-Hispanic) 19.2% 14.9% 12.4% 7.1% 0.2%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 16.5% 15.3% 11.7% 7.4% 3.5%
Hispanic or Latino 9.7% 9.6% 7.9% 4.2% 2.1%[58]
 
Map of racial distribution in Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people:  White  Black  Asian  Hispanic  Other

2020 census

As of the census of 2020,[59] the population was 311,527. The population density was 5,994.0 inhabitants per square mile (2,314.3/km2). There were 127,392 housing units at an average density of 2,451.1 per square mile (946.4/km2). In terms of race, the city's population was 50.5% White, 19.2% Asian, 16.8% Black or African American, 1.0% Native American, 4.8% from other races, and 7.6% from two or more races. Residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race, made up 9.7% of the population.

The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing.[60]

According to the American Community Survey estimates for 2016-2020, the median income for a household in the city was $59,717, and the median income for a family was $74,852. Male full-time workers had a median income of $50,186 versus $45,541 for female workers. The per capita income was $32,779. About 13.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.[61] Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher.[62]

2010 census

As of the 2010 census,[63] there were 285,068 people, 111,001 households, and 59,689 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,484.2 inhabitants per square mile (2,117.5/km2). There were 120,795 housing units at an average density of 2,323.9 per square mile (897.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% white, 15.7% African American, 1.1% Native American, 15.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of the population.

There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33.

The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

Ethnic history

The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of the Hopewell tradition, who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs (now Indian Mounds Park). The next known inhabitants were the Mdewakanton Dakota in the 17th century, who fled their ancestral home of Mille Lacs Lake in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the Ojibwe nation.[17] The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River.

By 1800, French-Canadian explorers came through the region and attracted fur traders. Fort Snelling and Pig's Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from New England and English, Irish, and Scottish immigrants, who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge. These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river. The first wave of immigration came with the Irish, who settled at Connemara Patch along the Mississippi, named for their home, Connemara, Ireland. The Irish became prolific in politics, city governance, and public safety, much to the chagrin of the Germans and French, who had grown into the majority. In 1850, the first of many groups of Swedish immigrants passed through St. Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the territory. A large group settled in Swede Hollow, which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along Payne Avenue in the 1950s.[64]

Of people who specified European ancestry in the 2005–07 American Community Survey of St. Paul, 26.4% were German, 13.8% Irish, 8.4% Norwegian, 7.0% Swedish, and 6.2% English. There is also a visible community of people of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population. By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as Frogtown (German: Froschburg), became home to Vietnamese people who had left their war-torn country. A settlement program for the Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation.[65][66][67] Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul's West Side since the 1930s; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005.[68][69]

Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are Christian, split between the Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are Jewish synagogues such as Mount Zion Temple and relatively small populations of Hindus, Muslims, and Buddhists.[70] The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large Wiccan population.[71]

Economy

The Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington area employs 1,570,700 people in the private sector as of July 2008, 82.43% of whom work in private service providing-related jobs.[72]

Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include Ecolab, a chemical and cleaning product company[73] that the Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal named in 2008 as the eighth-best place to work in the Twin Cites for companies with 1,000 full-time Minnesota employees,[74] and Securian Financial Group Inc.[75]

The 3M Company moved to St. Paul in 1910. It built an art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands. Headquarters operations moved to the Maplewood campus in 1964. 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St. Paul operations ceased.

The city was home to the Ford Motor Company's Twin Cities Assembly Plant, which opened in 1924 and closed at the end of 2011. The plant was in Highland Park on the Mississippi River, adjacent to Lock and Dam No. 1, Mississippi River, which generates hydroelectric power.[76] The site is now being cleared of buildings and tested for contamination to prepare for redevelopment.[77] The lead developer, the Ryan Company, has released a proposed set of zoning changes that will shape how the land will be used.[78]

Saint Paul has financed city development with tax increment financing (TIF). In 2018, it had 55 TIF districts. Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the St. Paul Saints stadium, and the affordable housing along the Twin Cities Metro Green Line.[79]

Housing

Saint Paul passed what critics have called "the nation's worst rent control law"[80] by voter referendum in November 2021, as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs.[81] Some claim the law has had the opposite effect by raising housing costs as "new building permit applications plunge[d] and developers [froze] in-progress housing projects, totaling thousands of units, as their financing partners skipped town". In September 2022, the St. Paul city council voted to amend and "water down"[82] the law.[83]

Culture

 
Como Park Zoo and Conservatory is a free public greenhouse and urban zoo open year-round.

Every January, Saint Paul hosts the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, a tradition that began in 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul "another Siberia". The organizers had a model in the Montreal Winter Carnival the year before. Architect A. C. Hutchinson designed the Montreal ice castle and was hired to design St. Paul's first.[84] The event has now been held 135 times with an attendance of 350,000. It includes an ice sculpting competition, a snow sculpting competition, a medallion treasure hunt, food, activities, and an ice palace when it can be arranged.[85] The Como Zoo and Conservatory and adjoining Japanese Garden are popular year-round. The historic Landmark Center in downtown Saint Paul hosts cultural and arts organizations. The city's recreation sites include Indian Mounds Park, Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park, Highland Park, the Wabasha Street Caves, Lake Como, Lake Phalen, and Rice Park, as well as several areas abutting the Mississippi River. The Irish Fair of Minnesota is held annually at the Harriet Island Pavilion area. The country's largest Hmong American sports festival, the Freedom Festival, is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park.

The city is associated with the Minnesota State Fair in neighboring Falcon Heights just west of Como Park. The fair dates to before statehood. With the competing interests of Minneapolis and St. Paul, it was held on "neutral ground" between both. That area refused to become part of St. Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s. The University of Minnesota Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights.

Fort Snelling is often identified as being in St. Paul but is actually its own unorganized territory. The eastern part of Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory (MSP included) has a St. Paul mailing address. The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code.

 
The Minnesota Centennial Showboat was anchored in the Mississippi River along Harriet Island.

Saint Paul is the birthplace of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960.[86] Schulz's Peanuts inspired giant, decorated sculptures around the city, a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s.[87] Other notable residents include writer F. Scott Fitzgerald and playwright August Wilson, who premiered many of the ten plays in his Pittsburgh Cycle at the local Penumbra Theater.[88]

The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts hosts theater productions and the Minnesota Opera is a founding tenant.[89] RiverCentre, attached to Xcel Energy Center, serves as the city's convention center. The city has contributed to the music of Minnesota and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues. Great jazz musicians have passed through the influential Artists' Quarter, first established in the 1970s in Whittier, Minneapolis, and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994.[90] Artists' Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam, home of the 2009 National Poetry Slam Champions. At The Black Dog, in Lowertown, many French or European jazz musicians (Evan Parker, Tony Hymas, Benoît Delbecq, François Corneloup) have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe. Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins, Dean Magraw/Davu Seru, Merciless Ghosts, and Willie Murphy are regulars. The Turf Club in Midway has been a music scene landmark since the 1940s.[91] Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed Rose Ensemble.[92] As an Irish stronghold, the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music, such as Shamrocks, The Dubliner, and until its closure in 2019, O'Gara's.[93] The internationally acclaimed Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra is the nation's only full-time professional chamber orchestra.[94] The Minnesota Centennial Showboat on the Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota's first centennial celebration.[95]

Saint Paul hosts a number of museums, including the University of Minnesota's Goldstein Museum of Design,[96] the Minnesota Children's Museum,[97] the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments,[98][99] the Minnesota Museum of American Art,[100][101] the Traces Center for History and Culture,[102] the Minnesota History Center, the Alexander Ramsey House, the James J. Hill House, the Minnesota Transportation Museum, the Science Museum of Minnesota, and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum.

Sports

 
The Xcel Energy Center hosts hockey and other professional sports in addition to concerts and other events.

The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams.[103]

Saint Paul hosts a number of professional, semi-professional, and amateur sports teams. The Minnesota Wild[14] play their home games in downtown Saint Paul's Xcel Energy Center, which opened in 2000. The Wild brought the NHL back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the Minnesota North Stars left the state for Dallas, Texas.[14] (The World Hockey Association's Minnesota Fighting Saints played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977.) Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels, Sports Illustrated called Saint Paul the new Hockeytown U.S.A. in 2007.[104]

The Xcel Energy Center, a multipurpose entertainment and sports venue, can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events. It occupies the site of the demolished Saint Paul Civic Center. The Xcel Energy Center hosts the Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament, the Minnesota high school girls' volleyball tournament, and concerts throughout the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in the US by ESPN.[105]

 
Two Circus Juventas students on silks

The St. Paul Saints are the city's Minor League Baseball team, which plays in the International League as an affiliate of the Minnesota Twins.[106] There have been several different teams called the Saints over the years. Founded in 1884, they were shut down in 1961 after the Minnesota Twins moved to Bloomington. The Saints were brought back in 1993 as an independent baseball team in the Northern League, moving to the American Association in 2006. They joined affiliated baseball in 2021. Their home games are played at the open-air CHS Field in downtown's Lowertown Historic District.[107] Four noted Major League All-Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul: Hall of Fame outfielder Dave Winfield, Hall of Fame infielder Paul Molitor, Hall of Fame pitcher Jack Morris, and first baseman Joe Mauer. The all-black St. Paul Colored Gophers played four seasons in Saint Paul from 1907 to 1911.[108]

The St. Paul Twin Stars of the National Premier Soccer League play their home games at Macalester Stadium.[109] St. Paul's first curling club was founded in 1888. The current club, the St. Paul Curling Club, was founded in 1912 and is the largest curling club in the United States.[110] Minnesota Roller Derby is a flat-track roller derby league based in the Roy Wilkins Auditorium, made up of women and gender expansive athletes. Minnesota's oldest athletic organization, the Minnesota Boat Club, resides in the Mississippi River on Raspberry Island.[111] Saint Paul is also home to Circus Juventas, the largest circus arts school in North America.[112]

On March 25, 2015, Major League Soccer announced that it had awarded its 23rd MLS franchise to Minnesota United FC, a team from the lower-level North American Soccer League. Bill McGuire and his ownership group, which includes Jim Pohlad of the Minnesota Twins, Glen Taylor of the Minnesota Timberwolves, former Minnesota Wild investor Glen Nelson, and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the Carlson hospitality company, had intended to build a privately financed soccer-specific stadium in Downtown Minneapolis near the Minneapolis Farmer's Market. But their plan was met with heavy opposition from former Minneapolis Mayor Betsy Hodges, who said her city was suffering from "stadium fatigue" after building three stadiums for the Minnesota Twins, Minnesota Vikings and the Minnesota Golden Gophers, within a six-year span.[113] On July 1, 2015, after failing to reach an agreement with the city of Minneapolis, McGuire and his partners turned their focus to Saint Paul.[114]

On October 23, 2015, Bill McGuire of Minnesota United FC and former Saint Paul Mayor Chris Coleman announced that a privately financed soccer-specific stadium would be built on the vacant Metro Transit bus barn site in Saint Paul's Midway neighborhood near the intersection of Snelling Avenue and University Avenue. It is midway between downtown Saint Paul and downtown Minneapolis. The stadium, Allianz Field, opened in April 2019 and seats 19,400.[115] The team began playing in the MLS in 2017.[116]

On May 15, 2018, the Minnesota Whitecaps joined the Premier Hockey Federation (the former National Women's Hockey League)[117] as its fifth franchise.[118] Founded in 2004, the team originally played in the Western Women's Hockey League before going independent in 2010 when that league folded. The Whitecaps play their home games at TRIA Rink, a 1,200-seat arena and practice facility in downtown Saint Paul.[119] The team began playing in the PHF in 2018.[120]

The Timberwolves, Twins, Vikings, and Lynx all play in Minneapolis.[121]

Government and politics

Saint Paul has a variant of the strong mayor–council form of government.[124] The mayor is the chief executive and chief administrative officer of the city and the seven-member city council is its legislative body.[125][126] The mayor is elected by the entire city, while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards of approximately equal population.[127][128] Both the mayor and council members serve four-year terms.[129] The current mayor is Melvin Carter (DFL), Saint Paul's first African-American mayor. Aside from Norm Coleman, who became a Republican during his second term, Saint Paul has not elected a Republican mayor since 1952.[130]

The city is also the county seat of Ramsey County, named for Alexander Ramsey, the state's first governor. The county once spanned much of the present-day metropolitan area and was originally to be named Saint Paul County after the city. Today it is geographically the smallest county and the most densely populated.[5] Ramsey is the only home rule county in Minnesota; the seven-member Board of Commissioners appoints a county manager whose office is in the combination city hall/county courthouse along with the Minnesota Second Judicial Courts.[131][132] The nearby Law Enforcement Center houses the Ramsey County Sheriff's office.

State and federal

 
2020 Presidential Election by Precinct
Biden:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota. The city hosts the capitol building, designed by Saint Paul resident Cass Gilbert, and the House and Senate office buildings. The Minnesota Governor's Residence, which is used for some state functions, is on Summit Avenue. The Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (affiliated with the Democratic Party) is headquartered in Saint Paul. Numerous state departments and services are also headquartered in Saint Paul, such as the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources.

The city is split into four Minnesota Senate districts (64, 65, 66 and 67) and eight Minnesota House of Representatives districts (64A, 64B, 65A, 65B, 66A, 66B, 67A and 67B), all of which are held by Democrats.[133][134]

Saint Paul is the heart of Minnesota's 4th congressional district, represented by Democrat Betty McCollum. The district has been in DFL hands without interruption since 1949. Minnesota is represented in the US Senate by Democrat Amy Klobuchar, a former Hennepin County Attorney, and Democrat Tina Smith, former Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota.

Minnesota House and Senate districts
Senate House
Name First elected Party Name First elected Party
64 Erin Murphy 2020 DFL 64A Kaohly Her 2018 DFL
64B Dave Pinto 2014 DFL
65 Sandy Pappas 1990 DFL 65A Rena Moran 2010 DFL
65B Carlos Mariani 1990 DFL
66 John Marty* 1992 DFL 66A John Lesch 2002 DFL
66B Alice Hausman* 1989 DFL
67 Foung Hawj 2012 DFL 67A Tim Mahoney 1998 DFL
67B Jay Xiong 2018 DFL

*District also includes Falcon Heights, Lauderdale and Roseville.

Education

 
1930s-era students at Hamline University taking finals

Saint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita, behind Boston.[135] Higher education institutions that call Saint Paul home include three public and eight private colleges and universities and five post-secondary institutions. Well-known colleges and universities include the Saint Catherine University, Concordia University, Hamline University, Macalester College, and the University of St. Thomas. Metropolitan State University and Saint Paul College, which focus on non-traditional students, are based in Saint Paul, as well as a law school, Mitchell Hamline School of Law.[136]

The Saint Paul Public Schools district is the state's largest school district and serves approximately 39,000 students. The district is extremely diverse with students from families speaking 90 different languages, although only five languages are used for most school communication: English, Spanish, Hmong, Karen, and Somali. The district runs 82 different schools, including 52 elementary schools, 12 middle schools, seven high schools, ten alternative schools, and one special education school, employing over 6,500 teachers and staff. The school district also oversees community education programs for pre-K and adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, GED Diploma, language programs, and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 2006, Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary.[137] Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota's open enrollment statute.[138]

A variety of K-12 private, parochial, and public charter schools are also represented in the city. In 1992, Saint Paul became the first city in the US to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation.[139] Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools as well as 38 private schools.[140] The Saint Paul Public Library system includes a central library, twelve branch locations, and a bookmobile.[141]

Media

 
Minnesota Public Radio headquarters in downtown Saint Paul

Residents of Saint Paul can receive 10 broadcast television stations, five of which broadcast from within Saint Paul. One daily newspaper, the St. Paul Pioneer Press, two weekly neighborhood newspapers, the East Side Review and City Pages (owned by The Star Tribune Company), and several monthly or semimonthly neighborhood papers serve the city. It was the only city in the United States with a population of 250,000 or more to see an increase in circulation of Sunday newspapers in 2007.[142] Several media outlets based in neighboring Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community, including the Star Tribune. Saint Paul is home to Minnesota Public Radio (MPR), a three-format system that broadcasts on nearly 40 stations[143] around the Midwest. MPR locally delivers news and information, classical, and The Current (which plays a wide variety of music). The station has 110,000 regional members and more than 800,000 listeners each week throughout the Upper Midwest, the largest audience of any regional public radio network.[144] Also operating as part of American Public Media, MPR's programming reaches five million listeners, most notably through Live from Here, hosted by Chris Thile (previously known as A Prairie Home Companion, hosted by Garrison Keillor, who also lives in the city).[144] The Fitzgerald Theater, renamed in 1994 for Saint Paul native and novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald, is home to the show.[145]

Transportation

Interstate and roadways

 
I-94 as it enters downtown Saint Paul from the west

Residents use Interstate 35E running north–south and Interstate 94 running east–west. Trunk highways include U.S. Highway 52, Minnesota State Highway 280, and Minnesota State Highway 5. St. Paul has several unique roads such as Ayd Mill Road, Phalen Boulevard and Shepard Road/Warner Road, which diagonally follow particular geographic features in the city. Biking is also gaining popularity, due to the creation of more paved bike lanes that connect to other bike routes throughout the metropolitan area[146] and the creation of Nice Ride Minnesota, a seasonally operated nonprofit bicycle sharing and rental system that has over 1,550 bicycles and 170 stations in both Minneapolis and St. Paul.[147] Downtown St. Paul has a five-mile (8 km) enclosed skyway system over 25 city blocks.[148] The 563-mile (906 km) Avenue of the Saints connects St. Paul with St. Louis, Missouri.

The layout of city streets and roads has often drawn complaints. While he was Governor of Minnesota, Jesse Ventura appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman,[149] and remarked that the streets were designed by "drunken Irishmen".[150] He later apologized, though people had been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point.[150] Some of the city's road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River, hilly topography, conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city, and grand plans only half-realized. Outside of downtown, the roads are less confusing, but most roads are named, rather than numbered, increasing the difficulty for non-natives to navigate.[151]

Mass transit

Metro Transit provides bus service and light rail in the Minneapolis–St. Paul area. The METRO Green Line is an 11-mile (18 km) light rail line that connects downtown St. Paul to downtown Minneapolis with 14 stations in St. Paul. The Green Line runs west along University Avenue, through the University of Minnesota campus, until it links up and then shares stations with the METRO Blue Line in downtown Minneapolis. Construction began in November 2010 and the line began service on June 14, 2014.[152][153] The Green Line averaged 42,500 rides per weekday in 2018.[154] Planning is underway for the Riverview Corridor, a rail line that will connect downtown Saint Paul to the airport and Mall of America.[155]

The METRO A Line opened in 2016 as Minneapolis–Saint Paul's first arterial bus rapid transit line. The A Line connects the Blue Line at 46th Street station to Rosedale Center with a connection at the Green Line Snelling Avenue station.[156] Future METRO lines are planned that will serve Saint Paul with the B Line and E Line Line running primarily on arterial streets, and the Gold Line and Purple Line running primarily in their own right of way.[157][158]

Railroad

Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops twice daily in each direction at the newly renovated Saint Paul Union Depot.[159] Ridership on the train increased about 6% from 2005 to over 505,000 in fiscal year 2007.[160] A Minnesota Department of Transportation study found that increased daily service to Chicago should be economically viable, especially if it originates in St. Paul and does not experience delays from the rest of the western route of the Empire Builder.[161] Saint Paul is the site of the Pig's Eye Yard, a major freight classification yard for Canadian Pacific Railway.[162] As of 2003, the yard handled over 1,000 freight cars per day.[162] Both Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe run trains through the yard, though they are not classified at Pig's Eye.[162] Burlington Northern Santa Fe operates the large Northtown Yard in Minneapolis, which handles about 600 cars per day.[163] There are several other small yards located around the city.

 
Saint Paul Downtown Airport (Holman Field)

Airports

Holman Airfield is across the river from downtown St. Paul. Lamprey Lake was there until the Army Corps of Engineers filled it with dredgings starting in the early 1920s. Northwest Airlines began initial operations from Holman in 1926. During WWII Northwest had a contract to install upgraded radar systems in B-24s, employing 5,000 at the airfield. After WWII, Holman Airfield competed with the Speedway Field for the Twin Cities' growing aviation industry and lost out in the end. Today Holman is a reliever airport run by the Metropolitan Airports Commission. It is home to Minnesota's Air National Guard and a flight training school and is tailored to local corporate aviation. There are three runways, with the Holman Field Administration Building and Riverside Hangar on the National Register of Historic Places.[164] The historical importance of the original Northwest Airlines building was realized only after demolition commenced.

For the most part St. Paul's aviation needs are served by the Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport (MSP), which sits on 2,930 acres (11.9 km2) in the Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory bordering the city to the southwest. MSP serves 17 commercial passenger airlines[165] and is the hub of Delta Air Lines, Mesaba Airlines and Sun Country Airlines.[166]

Sister cities

Saint Paul's sister cities are:[167][168]

Notable people

Medal of Honor recipients:

See also

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External links

  • Official website
  • Official Tourism site
  • Lowertown: The Rise of an Urban Village – Documentary produced by Twin Cities PBS

saint, paul, minnesota, overview, twin, cities, metropolitan, area, minneapolis, saint, paul, saint, paul, abbreviated, paul, capital, state, minnesota, county, seat, ramsey, county, situated, high, bluffs, overlooking, bend, mississippi, river, saint, paul, r. For an overview of the Twin Cities metropolitan area see Minneapolis Saint Paul Saint Paul abbreviated St Paul is the capital of the U S state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County 5 Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center of Minnesota s government 6 7 The Minnesota State Capitol and the state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city s downtown district One of the oldest cities in Minnesota Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks such as the Summit Avenue Neighborhood the James J Hill House and the Cathedral of Saint Paul 8 9 Like the adjacent and larger city of Minneapolis Saint Paul is known for its cold snowy winters and humid summers Saint Paul MinnesotaState capital cityCity of Saint PaulClockwise from the top Downtown Saint Paul with Harriet Island in foreground the Xcel Energy Center the Saint Paul Cathedral the Minnesota State Capitol the Marjorie McNeely Conservatory and the historic James J Hill HouseFlagSealNickname s the Capital City the Saintly City Twin Cities with Minneapolis Pig s Eye STP Last City of the East Motto The most livable city in America Interactive map of St PaulCoordinates 44 56 39 N 93 5 37 W 44 94417 N 93 09361 W 44 94417 93 09361 Coordinates 44 56 39 N 93 5 37 W 44 94417 N 93 09361 W 44 94417 93 09361Country United StatesState MinnesotaCountyRamseyIncorporatedMarch 4 1854Named forSt Paul the ApostleGovernment MayorMelvin Carter DFL BodySaint Paul City CouncilArea 1 City56 10 sq mi 145 31 km2 Land51 97 sq mi 134 61 km2 Water4 13 sq mi 10 70 km2 Elevation795 ft 214 m Population 2020 2 City311 527 Estimate 2021 3 307 193 RankUS 67th MN 2nd Density5 994 02 sq mi 2 314 32 km2 Metro3 690 512 US 16th DemonymSaint PauliteTime zoneUTC 6 CST Summer DST UTC 5 CDT ZIP Codes55101 55108 55114 55116 55117 55119 55130Area code651FIPS code27 58000Major airportMinneapolis Saint Paul International AirportInterstatesU S RoutesPublic transportationMetro TransitWebsitestpaul govCurrent as of July 30 2008 4 According to census estimates in 2021 the city s population was 307 193 making it the 67th largest city in the United States the 12th most populous in the Midwest and the second most populous in Minnesota 10 11 Most of the city lies east of the Mississippi River near its confluence with the Minnesota River Minneapolis is mostly across the Mississippi River to the west Together they are known as the Twin Cities and make up the core of Minneapolis Saint Paul metropolitan area the third most populous metro in the Midwest 12 The Legislative Assembly of the Minnesota Territory established the Town of St Paul as its capital near existing Dakota Sioux settlements in November 1849 It remained a town until 1854 The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is Imnizaska for the white rock bluffs along the river 13 The city has two sports venues Xcel Energy Center home to the Minnesota Wild and Allianz Field home to Minnesota United 14 Saint Paul has a mayor council government The current mayor is Melvin Carter III who was first elected in 2018 Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2 1 Neighborhoods 3 Climate 4 Demographics 4 1 2020 census 4 2 2010 census 4 3 Ethnic history 5 Economy 5 1 Housing 6 Culture 7 Sports 8 Government and politics 8 1 State and federal 9 Education 10 Media 11 Transportation 11 1 Interstate and roadways 11 2 Mass transit 11 3 Railroad 11 4 Airports 12 Sister cities 13 Notable people 14 See also 15 References 16 External linksHistory EditMain article History of Saint Paul Minnesota A burial mound at Indian Mounds Park Burial mounds in present day Indian Mounds Park suggest the area was inhabited by the Hopewell Native Americans about 2 000 years ago 15 16 From the early 17th century to 1837 the Mdewakanton Dakota a tribe of the Sioux lived near the mounds after being displaced from their ancestral grounds by Mille Lacs Lake from advancing Ojibwe 15 17 The Dakota called the area Imniza Ska white cliffs for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on the river s eastern side 18 19 The Imniza Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota The explorer Jonathan Carver documented the historic Wakan tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767 In the Menominee language St Paul was called Saenepan Menikan which means ribbon silk or satin village suggesting its role in trade throughout the region after the introduction of European goods 20 After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase U S Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike negotiated approximately 100 000 acres 40 000 ha 160 sq mi of land from the indigenous Dakota in 1805 to establish a fort A military reservation was intended for the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers on both sides of the Mississippi up to Saint Anthony Falls All of what is now the Highland park neighborhood was included in this Pike planned a second military reservation at the confluence of the St Croix and Mississippi rivers 21 In 1819 Fort Snelling was built at the Minnesota and Mississippi confluence The 1837 Treaty with the Sioux ceded all tribal lands east of the Mississippi to the U S government 22 Chief Little Crow III moved his village Kaposia from south of Mounds Park across the river a few miles onto Dakota land 23 24 Fur traders explorers and settlers came to the area for the fort s security Many were French Canadians who predated American pioneers by some time A whiskey trade flourished among the squatters and the fort s commander evicted them all from the fort s reservation Fur trader turned bootlegger Pig s Eye Parrant who set up business just outside the reservation particularly irritated the commander 25 19 By the early 1840s a community had developed nearby that locals called Pig s Eye French L Œil du Cochon or Pig s Eye Landing after Parrant s popular tavern 25 In 1842 a raiding party of Ojibwe attacked the Kaposia encampment south of St Paul A battle ensued where a creek drained into wetlands two miles south of Wakan Tipi 26 The creek was thereafter called Battle Creek and is today parkland In the 1840s 70s the Metis brought their oxen and Red River Carts down Kellogg Street to Lambert s landing to send buffalo hides to market from the Red River of the North St Paul was the southern terminus of the Red River Trails In 1840 Pierre Bottineau became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement s center 27 In 1841 Catholic missionary Lucien Galtier was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota He had a chapel he named for St Paul built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling 28 29 Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel s name for the settlement and cease the use of Pigs Eye 25 In 1847 New York educator Harriet Bishop moved to the settlement and opened the city s first school 30 The Minnesota Territory was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital The U S Army made the territory s first improved road Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road in 1850 It passed through what became St Paul neighborhoods 31 In 1857 the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to Saint Peter but Joe Rolette a territorial legislator stole the text of the bill and went into hiding preventing the move 32 Red river ox cart and driver in St Paul The year 1858 saw more than 1 000 steamboats service Saint Paul 30 making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or Dakota Territory Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley s topography For a time Saint Paul was called The Last City of the East 33 Fort Snelling was important to St Paul from the start Direct access from St Paul did not happen until the 7th bridge was built in 1880 Before that there was a cable ferry crossing dating to at latest the 1840s Once streetcars appeared a new bridge to St Paul was built in 1904 Until the town built its first jail the fort s brig served St Paul Industrialist James J Hill founded his railroad empire in St Paul The Great Northern Railway and the Northern Pacific Railway were both headquartered in St Paul until they merged with the Burlington Northern Today they are part of the BNSF Railway 33 On August 20 1904 severe thunderstorms and tornadoes damaged hundreds of downtown buildings causing 1 78 million 53 68 million today in damages and ripping spans from the High Bridge 34 During the 1960s in conjunction with urban renewal Saint Paul razed neighborhoods west of downtown for the creation of the interstate freeway system 35 From 1959 to 1961 the Rondo Neighborhood was demolished for the construction of Interstate 94 The loss of that African American enclave brought attention to racial segregation and unequal housing in northern cities 36 The annual Rondo Days celebration commemorates the African American community 37 Downtown St Paul had skyscraper building booms beginning in the 1970s Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction The tallest buildings such as Galtier Plaza Jackson and Sibley Towers The Pointe of Saint Paul condominiums and the city s tallest building Wells Fargo Place formerly Minnesota World Trade Center were constructed in the late 1980s 38 In the 1990s and 2000s the tradition of bringing new immigrant groups to the city continued As of 2004 nearly 10 of the city s population were recent Hmong immigrants from Vietnam Laos Cambodia Thailand and Myanmar 39 Saint Paul is the location of the Hmong Archives 40 Geography Edit The Meeker Island Lock and Dam was the first lock and dam on the Mississippi River in 1902 Saint Paul s history and growth as a landing port are tied to water The city s defining physical characteristic the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers was carved into the region during the last ice age as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built Receding glaciers and Lake Agassiz forced torrents of water from a glacial river that served the river valleys 41 The city is situated in east central Minnesota The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of the city s west southwest and southeast sides Minneapolis the state s largest city lies to the west Falcon Heights Lauderdale Roseville and Maplewood are north with Maplewood lying to the east The cities of West Saint Paul and South Saint Paul are to the south as are Lilydale Mendota and Mendota Heights across the river from the city The city s largest lakes are Pig s Eye Lake which is part of the Mississippi Lake Phalen and Lake Como According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 56 18 square miles 145 51 km2 of which 51 98 square miles 134 63 km2 is land and 4 20 square miles 10 88 km2 is water 42 The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers 43 The city ranked 2 in park access and quality after only Minneapolis in the 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land 44 Neighborhoods Edit Main article Neighborhoods of Saint Paul Saint Paul s Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into seventeen Planning Districts created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use Community Development Block Grants With a funding agreement directly from the city the councils share a pool of funds 45 The councils have significant land use control a voice in guiding development and they organize residents 46 The boundaries are adjusted depending on population changes as such they sometimes overlap established neighborhoods 47 Though these neighborhoods changed over time preservationists have saved many of their historically significant structures The city s 17 Planning Districts are Sunray Battle Creek Highwood Greater East Side West Side Dayton s Bluff Payne Phalen North End Thomas Dale Frogtown Summit University West Seventh Como Park Hamline Midway Saint Anthony Park Union Park Macalester Groveland Highland Park Summit Hill DowntownClimate EditSee also Climate of the Twin Cities and Climate of Minnesota The city skyline from the southwest in the winter Saint Paul has a humid continental climate typical of the Upper Midwestern United States Winters are frigid and snowy while summers are warm to hot and humid On the Koppen climate classification Saint Paul falls in the hot summer humid continental climate zone Dfa The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events including snow sleet ice rain thunderstorms tornadoes and fog 48 Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic air masses especially during late December January and February The average annual temperature of 46 5 F 8 1 C gives the Minneapolis Saint Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the continental U S 49 Climate data for St Paul Downtown Airport Minnesota 1991 2020 normals extremes 1872 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high F C 58 14 64 18 83 28 93 34 99 37 101 38 104 40 104 40 101 38 90 32 78 26 63 17 104 40 Average high F C 23 9 4 5 28 7 1 8 41 7 5 4 56 8 13 8 68 9 20 5 78 5 25 8 82 6 28 1 80 4 26 9 72 4 22 4 58 0 14 4 42 1 5 6 28 6 1 9 55 2 12 9 Daily mean F C 16 3 8 7 20 8 6 2 33 1 0 6 47 0 8 3 58 9 14 9 68 8 20 4 73 3 22 9 71 1 21 7 62 9 17 2 49 0 9 4 34 6 1 4 21 7 5 7 46 5 8 1 Average low F C 8 6 13 0 12 9 10 6 24 6 4 1 37 2 2 9 48 9 9 4 59 2 15 1 64 0 17 8 61 7 16 5 53 4 11 9 40 0 4 4 27 1 2 7 14 8 9 6 37 7 3 2 Record low F C 41 41 33 36 26 32 6 14 23 5 34 1 45 7 39 4 28 2 8 13 25 32 39 39 41 41 Average precipitation inches mm 0 48 12 0 52 13 1 43 36 2 58 66 3 97 101 4 63 118 3 97 101 4 10 104 3 08 78 2 47 63 1 32 34 0 65 17 29 20 742 Average precipitation days 0 01 in 4 0 4 3 7 1 10 6 12 7 13 0 9 9 10 0 9 6 9 2 6 2 4 9 101 5Source 1 NOAA 50 51 Source 2 The Weather Channel 52 Demographics EditHistorical populationCensus Pop 18501 112 186010 401835 3 187020 03092 6 188041 473107 1 1890133 156221 1 1900163 06522 5 1910214 74431 7 1920234 6989 3 1930271 60615 7 1940287 7365 9 1950311 3498 2 1960313 4110 7 1970309 980 1 1 1980270 230 12 8 1990272 2350 7 2000287 1515 5 2010285 068 0 7 2020311 5279 3 2021 est 307 193 3 1 4 U S Decennial Census 53 2020 Census 2 Main article Demographics of Saint Paul Demographic profile 2020 54 2010 55 2000 56 1990 57 1970 57 White non Hispanic 48 8 55 9 64 0 80 4 93 6 58 Asian non Hispanic 19 2 14 9 12 4 7 1 0 2 Black or African American non Hispanic 16 5 15 3 11 7 7 4 3 5 Hispanic or Latino 9 7 9 6 7 9 4 2 2 1 58 Map of racial distribution in Minneapolis St Paul 2010 U S Census Each dot is 25 people White Black Asian Hispanic Other 2020 census Edit As of the census of 2020 59 the population was 311 527 The population density was 5 994 0 inhabitants per square mile 2 314 3 km2 There were 127 392 housing units at an average density of 2 451 1 per square mile 946 4 km2 In terms of race the city s population was 50 5 White 19 2 Asian 16 8 Black or African American 1 0 Native American 4 8 from other races and 7 6 from two or more races Residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry of any race made up 9 7 of the population The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5 640 people in student housing 60 According to the American Community Survey estimates for 2016 2020 the median income for a household in the city was 59 717 and the median income for a family was 74 852 Male full time workers had a median income of 50 186 versus 45 541 for female workers The per capita income was 32 779 About 13 2 of families and 17 9 of the population were below the poverty line including 27 0 of those under age 18 and 10 1 of those age 65 or over 61 Of the population age 25 and over 87 6 were high school graduates or higher and 41 3 had a bachelor s degree or higher 62 2010 census Edit As of the 2010 census 63 there were 285 068 people 111 001 households and 59 689 families residing in the city The population density was 5 484 2 inhabitants per square mile 2 117 5 km2 There were 120 795 housing units at an average density of 2 323 9 per square mile 897 3 km2 The racial makeup of the city was 60 1 white 15 7 African American 1 1 Native American 15 0 Asian 0 1 Pacific Islander 3 9 from other races and 4 2 from two or more races Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9 6 of the population There were 111 001 households of which 30 4 had children under the age of 18 living with them 34 1 were married couples living together 14 8 had a female householder with no husband present 4 9 had a male householder with no wife present and 46 2 were non families 35 8 of all households were made up of individuals and 8 5 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older The average household size was 2 47 and the average family size was 3 33 The median age in the city was 30 9 years 25 1 of residents were under the age of 18 13 9 were between the ages of 18 and 24 29 6 were from 25 to 44 22 6 were from 45 to 64 and 9 were 65 years of age or older The gender makeup of the city was 48 9 male and 51 1 female Ethnic history Edit The earliest known inhabitants of the St Paul area from about 400 AD were members of the Hopewell tradition who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs now Indian Mounds Park The next known inhabitants were the Mdewakanton Dakota in the 17th century who fled their ancestral home of Mille Lacs Lake in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the Ojibwe nation 17 The Ojibwe later occupied the north east bank of the Mississippi River By 1800 French Canadian explorers came through the region and attracted fur traders Fort Snelling and Pig s Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from New England and English Irish and Scottish immigrants who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river The first wave of immigration came with the Irish who settled at Connemara Patch along the Mississippi named for their home Connemara Ireland The Irish became prolific in politics city governance and public safety much to the chagrin of the Germans and French who had grown into the majority In 1850 the first of many groups of Swedish immigrants passed through St Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the territory A large group settled in Swede Hollow which later became home to Poles Italians and Mexicans The last Swedish presence moved up St Paul s East Side along Payne Avenue in the 1950s 64 Of people who specified European ancestry in the 2005 07 American Community Survey of St Paul 26 4 were German 13 8 Irish 8 4 Norwegian 7 0 Swedish and 6 2 English There is also a visible community of people of Sub Saharan African ancestry representing 4 2 of the population By the 1980s the Thomas Dale area once an Austro Hungarian enclave known as Frogtown German Froschburg became home to Vietnamese people who had left their war torn country A settlement program for the Hmong diaspora came soon after and by 2000 St Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation 65 66 67 Mexican immigrants have settled in St Paul s West Side since the 1930s Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005 68 69 Most St Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are Christian split between the Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant denominations The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish German Scottish and French Canadian settlers later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants There are Jewish synagogues such as Mount Zion Temple and relatively small populations of Hindus Muslims and Buddhists 70 The city has been dubbed paganistan due to its large Wiccan population 71 Economy Edit The Ford Motor Company s Twin Cities Assembly Plant in 2006 The Minneapolis Saint Paul Bloomington area employs 1 570 700 people in the private sector as of July 2008 82 43 of whom work in private service providing related jobs 72 Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include Ecolab a chemical and cleaning product company 73 that the Minneapolis St Paul Business Journal named in 2008 as the eighth best place to work in the Twin Cites for companies with 1 000 full time Minnesota employees 74 and Securian Financial Group Inc 75 The 3M Company moved to St Paul in 1910 It built an art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands Headquarters operations moved to the Maplewood campus in 1964 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St Paul operations ceased The city was home to the Ford Motor Company s Twin Cities Assembly Plant which opened in 1924 and closed at the end of 2011 The plant was in Highland Park on the Mississippi River adjacent to Lock and Dam No 1 Mississippi River which generates hydroelectric power 76 The site is now being cleared of buildings and tested for contamination to prepare for redevelopment 77 The lead developer the Ryan Company has released a proposed set of zoning changes that will shape how the land will be used 78 Saint Paul has financed city development with tax increment financing TIF In 2018 it had 55 TIF districts Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the St Paul Saints stadium and the affordable housing along the Twin Cities Metro Green Line 79 Housing Edit Saint Paul passed what critics have called the nation s worst rent control law 80 by voter referendum in November 2021 as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs 81 Some claim the law has had the opposite effect by raising housing costs as new building permit applications plunge d and developers froze in progress housing projects totaling thousands of units as their financing partners skipped town In September 2022 the St Paul city council voted to amend and water down 82 the law 83 Culture Edit Como Park Zoo and Conservatory is a free public greenhouse and urban zoo open year round Every January Saint Paul hosts the Saint Paul Winter Carnival a tradition that began in 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul another Siberia The organizers had a model in the Montreal Winter Carnival the year before Architect A C Hutchinson designed the Montreal ice castle and was hired to design St Paul s first 84 The event has now been held 135 times with an attendance of 350 000 It includes an ice sculpting competition a snow sculpting competition a medallion treasure hunt food activities and an ice palace when it can be arranged 85 The Como Zoo and Conservatory and adjoining Japanese Garden are popular year round The historic Landmark Center in downtown Saint Paul hosts cultural and arts organizations The city s recreation sites include Indian Mounds Park Battle Creek Regional Park Harriet Island Regional Park Highland Park the Wabasha Street Caves Lake Como Lake Phalen and Rice Park as well as several areas abutting the Mississippi River The Irish Fair of Minnesota is held annually at the Harriet Island Pavilion area The country s largest Hmong American sports festival the Freedom Festival is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park The city is associated with the Minnesota State Fair in neighboring Falcon Heights just west of Como Park The fair dates to before statehood With the competing interests of Minneapolis and St Paul it was held on neutral ground between both That area refused to become part of St Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s The University of Minnesota Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights Fort Snelling is often identified as being in St Paul but is actually its own unorganized territory The eastern part of Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory MSP included has a St Paul mailing address The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code The Minnesota Centennial Showboat was anchored in the Mississippi River along Harriet Island Saint Paul is the birthplace of cartoonist Charles M Schulz who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960 86 Schulz s Peanuts inspired giant decorated sculptures around the city a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s 87 Other notable residents include writer F Scott Fitzgerald and playwright August Wilson who premiered many of the ten plays in his Pittsburgh Cycle at the local Penumbra Theater 88 The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts hosts theater productions and the Minnesota Opera is a founding tenant 89 RiverCentre attached to Xcel Energy Center serves as the city s convention center The city has contributed to the music of Minnesota and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues Great jazz musicians have passed through the influential Artists Quarter first established in the 1970s in Whittier Minneapolis and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994 90 Artists Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam home of the 2009 National Poetry Slam Champions At The Black Dog in Lowertown many French or European jazz musicians Evan Parker Tony Hymas Benoit Delbecq Francois Corneloup have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins Dean Magraw Davu Seru Merciless Ghosts and Willie Murphy are regulars The Turf Club in Midway has been a music scene landmark since the 1940s 91 Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed Rose Ensemble 92 As an Irish stronghold the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music such as Shamrocks The Dubliner and until its closure in 2019 O Gara s 93 The internationally acclaimed Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra is the nation s only full time professional chamber orchestra 94 The Minnesota Centennial Showboat on the Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota s first centennial celebration 95 Saint Paul hosts a number of museums including the University of Minnesota s Goldstein Museum of Design 96 the Minnesota Children s Museum 97 the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments 98 99 the Minnesota Museum of American Art 100 101 the Traces Center for History and Culture 102 the Minnesota History Center the Alexander Ramsey House the James J Hill House the Minnesota Transportation Museum the Science Museum of Minnesota and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum Sports EditMain articles Sports in Minneapolis Saint Paul and Sports in Minnesota The Xcel Energy Center hosts hockey and other professional sports in addition to concerts and other events The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1 500 organized sports teams 103 Saint Paul hosts a number of professional semi professional and amateur sports teams The Minnesota Wild 14 play their home games in downtown Saint Paul s Xcel Energy Center which opened in 2000 The Wild brought the NHL back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993 when the Minnesota North Stars left the state for Dallas Texas 14 The World Hockey Association s Minnesota Fighting Saints played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977 Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels Sports Illustrated called Saint Paul the new Hockeytown U S A in 2007 104 The Xcel Energy Center a multipurpose entertainment and sports venue can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events It occupies the site of the demolished Saint Paul Civic Center The Xcel Energy Center hosts the Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament the Minnesota high school girls volleyball tournament and concerts throughout the year In 2004 it was named the best overall sports venue in the US by ESPN 105 Two Circus Juventas students on silks The St Paul Saints are the city s Minor League Baseball team which plays in the International League as an affiliate of the Minnesota Twins 106 There have been several different teams called the Saints over the years Founded in 1884 they were shut down in 1961 after the Minnesota Twins moved to Bloomington The Saints were brought back in 1993 as an independent baseball team in the Northern League moving to the American Association in 2006 They joined affiliated baseball in 2021 Their home games are played at the open air CHS Field in downtown s Lowertown Historic District 107 Four noted Major League All Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul Hall of Fame outfielder Dave Winfield Hall of Fame infielder Paul Molitor Hall of Fame pitcher Jack Morris and first baseman Joe Mauer The all black St Paul Colored Gophers played four seasons in Saint Paul from 1907 to 1911 108 The St Paul Twin Stars of the National Premier Soccer League play their home games at Macalester Stadium 109 St Paul s first curling club was founded in 1888 The current club the St Paul Curling Club was founded in 1912 and is the largest curling club in the United States 110 Minnesota Roller Derby is a flat track roller derby league based in the Roy Wilkins Auditorium made up of women and gender expansive athletes Minnesota s oldest athletic organization the Minnesota Boat Club resides in the Mississippi River on Raspberry Island 111 Saint Paul is also home to Circus Juventas the largest circus arts school in North America 112 On March 25 2015 Major League Soccer announced that it had awarded its 23rd MLS franchise to Minnesota United FC a team from the lower level North American Soccer League Bill McGuire and his ownership group which includes Jim Pohlad of the Minnesota Twins Glen Taylor of the Minnesota Timberwolves former Minnesota Wild investor Glen Nelson and his daughter Wendy Carlson Nelson of the Carlson hospitality company had intended to build a privately financed soccer specific stadium in Downtown Minneapolis near the Minneapolis Farmer s Market But their plan was met with heavy opposition from former Minneapolis Mayor Betsy Hodges who said her city was suffering from stadium fatigue after building three stadiums for the Minnesota Twins Minnesota Vikings and the Minnesota Golden Gophers within a six year span 113 On July 1 2015 after failing to reach an agreement with the city of Minneapolis McGuire and his partners turned their focus to Saint Paul 114 On October 23 2015 Bill McGuire of Minnesota United FC and former Saint Paul Mayor Chris Coleman announced that a privately financed soccer specific stadium would be built on the vacant Metro Transit bus barn site in Saint Paul s Midway neighborhood near the intersection of Snelling Avenue and University Avenue It is midway between downtown Saint Paul and downtown Minneapolis The stadium Allianz Field opened in April 2019 and seats 19 400 115 The team began playing in the MLS in 2017 116 On May 15 2018 the Minnesota Whitecaps joined the Premier Hockey Federation the former National Women s Hockey League 117 as its fifth franchise 118 Founded in 2004 the team originally played in the Western Women s Hockey League before going independent in 2010 when that league folded The Whitecaps play their home games at TRIA Rink a 1 200 seat arena and practice facility in downtown Saint Paul 119 The team began playing in the PHF in 2018 120 The Timberwolves Twins Vikings and Lynx all play in Minneapolis 121 Professional sports in Saint Paul Club Sport League Venue capacity ChampionshipsMinnesota Wild Ice hockey National Hockey League Xcel Energy Center 17 954 Minnesota Whitecaps Ice hockey Premier Hockey Federation TRIA Rink 1 200 Clarkson Cup 2010 Isobel Cup 2019Minnesota United FC Soccer Major League Soccer Allianz Field 19 400 NASL 2011 122 and 2014 123 Minnesota Wind Chill Ultimate American Ultimate Disc League Sea Foam Stadium 3 500 St Paul Saints Baseball International League CHS Field 7 210 NL 1993 1995 1996 and 2004 AA 2019Government and politics EditMain articles Government and politics in Saint Paul Minnesota and List of mayors of Saint Paul Minnesota Minnesota State Capitol Saint Paul has a variant of the strong mayor council form of government 124 The mayor is the chief executive and chief administrative officer of the city and the seven member city council is its legislative body 125 126 The mayor is elected by the entire city while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards of approximately equal population 127 128 Both the mayor and council members serve four year terms 129 The current mayor is Melvin Carter DFL Saint Paul s first African American mayor Aside from Norm Coleman who became a Republican during his second term Saint Paul has not elected a Republican mayor since 1952 130 Saint Paul City Hall and Ramsey County Courthouse The city is also the county seat of Ramsey County named for Alexander Ramsey the state s first governor The county once spanned much of the present day metropolitan area and was originally to be named Saint Paul County after the city Today it is geographically the smallest county and the most densely populated 5 Ramsey is the only home rule county in Minnesota the seven member Board of Commissioners appoints a county manager whose office is in the combination city hall county courthouse along with the Minnesota Second Judicial Courts 131 132 The nearby Law Enforcement Center houses the Ramsey County Sheriff s office State and federal Edit See also Minnesota Legislature and Politics of Minnesota Federal representation 2020 Presidential Election by Precinct Biden 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 Saint Paul is the capital of Minnesota The city hosts the capitol building designed by Saint Paul resident Cass Gilbert and the House and Senate office buildings The Minnesota Governor s Residence which is used for some state functions is on Summit Avenue The Minnesota Democratic Farmer Labor Party affiliated with the Democratic Party is headquartered in Saint Paul Numerous state departments and services are also headquartered in Saint Paul such as the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources The city is split into four Minnesota Senate districts 64 65 66 and 67 and eight Minnesota House of Representatives districts 64A 64B 65A 65B 66A 66B 67A and 67B all of which are held by Democrats 133 134 Saint Paul is the heart of Minnesota s 4th congressional district represented by Democrat Betty McCollum The district has been in DFL hands without interruption since 1949 Minnesota is represented in the US Senate by Democrat Amy Klobuchar a former Hennepin County Attorney and Democrat Tina Smith former Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota Minnesota House and Senate districtsSenate HouseName First elected Party Name First elected Party64 Erin Murphy 2020 DFL 64A Kaohly Her 2018 DFL64B Dave Pinto 2014 DFL65 Sandy Pappas 1990 DFL 65A Rena Moran 2010 DFL65B Carlos Mariani 1990 DFL66 John Marty 1992 DFL 66A John Lesch 2002 DFL66B Alice Hausman 1989 DFL67 Foung Hawj 2012 DFL 67A Tim Mahoney 1998 DFL67B Jay Xiong 2018 DFL District also includes Falcon Heights Lauderdale and Roseville Education EditMain article Education in Saint Paul Minnesota 1930s era students at Hamline University taking finals Saint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita behind Boston 135 Higher education institutions that call Saint Paul home include three public and eight private colleges and universities and five post secondary institutions Well known colleges and universities include the Saint Catherine University Concordia University Hamline University Macalester College and the University of St Thomas Metropolitan State University and Saint Paul College which focus on non traditional students are based in Saint Paul as well as a law school Mitchell Hamline School of Law 136 The Saint Paul Public Schools district is the state s largest school district and serves approximately 39 000 students The district is extremely diverse with students from families speaking 90 different languages although only five languages are used for most school communication English Spanish Hmong Karen and Somali The district runs 82 different schools including 52 elementary schools 12 middle schools seven high schools ten alternative schools and one special education school employing over 6 500 teachers and staff The school district also oversees community education programs for pre K and adult learners including Early Childhood Family Education GED Diploma language programs and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages In 2006 Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary 137 Some students attend public schools in other school districts chosen by their families under Minnesota s open enrollment statute 138 A variety of K 12 private parochial and public charter schools are also represented in the city In 1992 Saint Paul became the first city in the US to sponsor and open a charter school now found in most states across the nation 139 Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools as well as 38 private schools 140 The Saint Paul Public Library system includes a central library twelve branch locations and a bookmobile 141 Media EditMain article Media in the Twin Cities Minnesota Public Radio headquarters in downtown Saint Paul Residents of Saint Paul can receive 10 broadcast television stations five of which broadcast from within Saint Paul One daily newspaper the St Paul Pioneer Press two weekly neighborhood newspapers the East Side Review and City Pages owned by The Star Tribune Company and several monthly or semimonthly neighborhood papers serve the city It was the only city in the United States with a population of 250 000 or more to see an increase in circulation of Sunday newspapers in 2007 142 Several media outlets based in neighboring Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community including the Star Tribune Saint Paul is home to Minnesota Public Radio MPR a three format system that broadcasts on nearly 40 stations 143 around the Midwest MPR locally delivers news and information classical and The Current which plays a wide variety of music The station has 110 000 regional members and more than 800 000 listeners each week throughout the Upper Midwest the largest audience of any regional public radio network 144 Also operating as part of American Public Media MPR s programming reaches five million listeners most notably through Live from Here hosted by Chris Thile previously known as A Prairie Home Companion hosted by Garrison Keillor who also lives in the city 144 The Fitzgerald Theater renamed in 1994 for Saint Paul native and novelist F Scott Fitzgerald is home to the show 145 Transportation EditInterstate and roadways Edit Interstate Highways Interstate 35E Interstate 94 US Highways US 10 US 52 US 61 Minnesota Highways Highway 5 Highway 51 Highway 280 I 94 as it enters downtown Saint Paul from the west Residents use Interstate 35E running north south and Interstate 94 running east west Trunk highways include U S Highway 52 Minnesota State Highway 280 and Minnesota State Highway 5 St Paul has several unique roads such as Ayd Mill Road Phalen Boulevard and Shepard Road Warner Road which diagonally follow particular geographic features in the city Biking is also gaining popularity due to the creation of more paved bike lanes that connect to other bike routes throughout the metropolitan area 146 and the creation of Nice Ride Minnesota a seasonally operated nonprofit bicycle sharing and rental system that has over 1 550 bicycles and 170 stations in both Minneapolis and St Paul 147 Downtown St Paul has a five mile 8 km enclosed skyway system over 25 city blocks 148 The 563 mile 906 km Avenue of the Saints connects St Paul with St Louis Missouri The layout of city streets and roads has often drawn complaints While he was Governor of Minnesota Jesse Ventura appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman 149 and remarked that the streets were designed by drunken Irishmen 150 He later apologized though people had been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point 150 Some of the city s road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River hilly topography conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city and grand plans only half realized Outside of downtown the roads are less confusing but most roads are named rather than numbered increasing the difficulty for non natives to navigate 151 Mass transit Edit Metro Transit provides bus service and light rail in the Minneapolis St Paul area The METRO Green Line is an 11 mile 18 km light rail line that connects downtown St Paul to downtown Minneapolis with 14 stations in St Paul The Green Line runs west along University Avenue through the University of Minnesota campus until it links up and then shares stations with the METRO Blue Line in downtown Minneapolis Construction began in November 2010 and the line began service on June 14 2014 152 153 The Green Line averaged 42 500 rides per weekday in 2018 154 Planning is underway for the Riverview Corridor a rail line that will connect downtown Saint Paul to the airport and Mall of America 155 The METRO A Line opened in 2016 as Minneapolis Saint Paul s first arterial bus rapid transit line The A Line connects the Blue Line at 46th Street station to Rosedale Center with a connection at the Green Line Snelling Avenue station 156 Future METRO lines are planned that will serve Saint Paul with the B Line and E Line Line running primarily on arterial streets and the Gold Line and Purple Line running primarily in their own right of way 157 158 Railroad Edit Amtrak s Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops twice daily in each direction at the newly renovated Saint Paul Union Depot 159 Ridership on the train increased about 6 from 2005 to over 505 000 in fiscal year 2007 160 A Minnesota Department of Transportation study found that increased daily service to Chicago should be economically viable especially if it originates in St Paul and does not experience delays from the rest of the western route of the Empire Builder 161 Saint Paul is the site of the Pig s Eye Yard a major freight classification yard for Canadian Pacific Railway 162 As of 2003 the yard handled over 1 000 freight cars per day 162 Both Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe run trains through the yard though they are not classified at Pig s Eye 162 Burlington Northern Santa Fe operates the large Northtown Yard in Minneapolis which handles about 600 cars per day 163 There are several other small yards located around the city Saint Paul Downtown Airport Holman Field Airports Edit Holman Airfield is across the river from downtown St Paul Lamprey Lake was there until the Army Corps of Engineers filled it with dredgings starting in the early 1920s Northwest Airlines began initial operations from Holman in 1926 During WWII Northwest had a contract to install upgraded radar systems in B 24s employing 5 000 at the airfield After WWII Holman Airfield competed with the Speedway Field for the Twin Cities growing aviation industry and lost out in the end Today Holman is a reliever airport run by the Metropolitan Airports Commission It is home to Minnesota s Air National Guard and a flight training school and is tailored to local corporate aviation There are three runways with the Holman Field Administration Building and Riverside Hangar on the National Register of Historic Places 164 The historical importance of the original Northwest Airlines building was realized only after demolition commenced For the most part St Paul s aviation needs are served by the Minneapolis Saint Paul International Airport MSP which sits on 2 930 acres 11 9 km2 in the Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory bordering the city to the southwest MSP serves 17 commercial passenger airlines 165 and is the hub of Delta Air Lines Mesaba Airlines and Sun Country Airlines 166 Sister cities EditSaint Paul s sister cities are 167 168 Changsha China Ciudad Romero El Salvador Culiacan Mexico Djibouti City Djibouti George South Africa Manzanillo Mexico Modena Italy Mogadishu Somalia Nagasaki Japan from 1955 the oldest sister city in Japan Neuss Germany Novosibirsk Russia Tiberias IsraelNotable people EditWalter Abel 1898 1987 actor Claude Henry Allen 1899 1974 Minnesota state legislator and lawyer Loni Anderson born 1946 actress Louie Anderson 1953 2022 comedian Wendell Anderson 1933 2016 U S senator Richard Arlen 1899 1976 actor Merrill Ashley born 1950 ballet dancer and repetiteur Roger Awsumb 1928 2002 TV show host Casey Jones Azayamankawin c 1803 c 1873 canoe ferry operator and entrepreneur known as Old Bets Ernest A Beedle 1933 1968 Minnesota state legislator and lawyer Tony L Bennett 1940 2022 Minnesota state legislator and police officer Harry Blackmun 1908 1999 U S Supreme Court associate justice grew up in St Paul Winfield S Braddock 1848 1920 Wisconsin state assemblyman Herb Brooks 1937 2003 hockey coach Warren E Burger 1907 1995 U S Supreme Court chief justice Margaret Mary Byrne born 1949 Minnesota state legislator John T Clawson 1945 2011 Minnesota state legislator and Lutheran minister Melva Clemaire 1874 1937 soprano singer Nia Coffey born 1995 WNBA player Francis Roach Delano 1823 1887 state legislator Neil Dieterich born 1943 state legislator and lawyer John Drew 1940 1997 Minnesota state legislator and businessman Robert Rankin Dunlap 1915 1992 state legislator and lawyer Kevin Eakin born 1981 NFL player Leslie J Edhlund 1911 1994 American politician and mechanical engineer Sarah K England physiologist and biophysicist Eyedea 1981 2010 rap artist Ray W Faricy born 1934 Minnesota state legislator and lawyer Robert J Ferderer 1934 2009 politician and businessman F Scott Fitzgerald 1896 1940 author George H Gehan 1901 1968 state legislator and lawyer Michael J George 1948 2010 state legislator and businessman Arthur T Gibbons 1903 1986 state legislator and businessman Rollin Glewwe 1933 2020 state senator and businessman Conrad Gotzian 1835 1887 state legislator and merchant Karl F Grittner 1922 2011 state legislator and educator William Sprigg Hall 1832 1875 state legislator and lawyer Daniel W Hand 1869 1945 U S Army brigadier general 169 Charles Robert Hansen 1909 2000 state senator and businessman Josh Hartnett born 1978 actor Andrew Osborne Hayfield 1905 1981 businessman and state legislator Mitch Hedberg 1968 2005 comedian Hippo Campus indie rock band Paul Holmgren born 1955 NHL player general manager president of Philadelphia Flyers Nellie A Hope 1864 1918 violinist music teacher orchestra conductor JoAnna James born 1980 singer songwriter Timothy M Kaine born 1958 U S senator governor of Virginia Rachel Keller born 1992 actress Allan Kingdom born 1993 rap artist Dick Kostohryz 1930 1994 police officer businessman and Minnesota state legislator Thomas K Lane born 1983 former Minneapolis police officer who assisted Derek Chauvin in the murder of George Floyd born in St Paul Jim Lange 1932 2014 TV presenter game show host and disc jockey Sunisa Lee born 2003 Olympic gymnast and gold medalist Tony Levine born 1972 football coach Joe Mauer born 1983 MLB player Ryan McDonagh born 1989 NHL player Robert O McEachern 1927 2008 teacher and state legislator Margaret Bischell McFadden philanthropist and social worker Edwin H Meihofer 1907 2003 labor union activist and state representative Frederick P Memmer 1907 1984 state legislator and lawyer Peter J Memmer 1886 1957 state senator and businessman Kate Millett 1934 2017 scholar author feminist Paul Molitor born 1956 MLB player Jack Morris born 1955 MLB player LeRoy Neiman 1921 2012 artist Thomas Warren Newcome 1923 2011 lawyer and state representative Kyle Okposo born 1988 NHL player Sally Olsen 1934 2022 lawyer and state legislator Bruce Olson born 1941 missionary Joseph T O Neill 1931 2022 lawyer and state legislator Howard Orenstein born 1955 state representative and lawyer Clifton T Parks 1895 1976 state legislator and lawyer Tim Pawlenty born 1960 governor of Minnesota Alfred E Perlman 1902 1983 president of New York Central Railroad and its successor Penn Central Walt Perlt 1927 2002 state representative Anthony Podgorski 1903 1987 businessman and state representative Joseph L Prifrel 1905 1997 state representative furrier and businessman Robert W Reif 1921 2011 state representative and physician Isaac Rosefelt born 1985 American Israeli basketball player Charles M Schulz 1922 2000 cartoonist born in Minneapolis grew up in St Paul Ervin Harold Schulz 1911 1978 businessman newspaper editor state representative grew up in Saint Paul Meta Schumann 1887 1937 composer Chad Smith born 1961 drummer of the Red Hot Chili Peppers since 1988 born in Saint Paul William Smith 1831 1912 paymaster general of the United States Army worked in and retired to St Paul 170 Vernon L Sommerdorf 1921 2009 state representative and physician Peter P Stumpf Jr 1948 2010 businessman and Minnesota state senator born in Saint Paul Terrell Suggs NFL player Dennis Mark Sullivan 1841 1917 businessman Saint Paul City Council member state representative Frances Tarbox 1874 1959 composer John D Tomlinson 1929 1992 Minnesota state legislator and businessman Fred Tschida born 1949 artist born in Saint Paul Kathleen Vellenga born 1938 Minnesota state legislator and educator Lindsey Vonn born 1984 Olympic skier and gold medalist DeWitt Wallace 1889 1981 magazine publisher and co founder of Reader s Digest Richard Ambrose Walsh 1862 1940 Minnesota state representative and lawyer Leslie L Westin 1917 1985 American businessman educator and Minnesota state senator Dave Winfield born 1951 MLB playerMedal of Honor recipients Civil War Private Marshall Sherman Co C 1st Minnesota captured the flag of the 28th Virginia Infantry at Gettysburg Indian Wars Pvt John Tracy G Co 8th Cavalry Chiricahua Mountains Arizona Apache War Indian Wars Charles H Welch I Co 9th Cavalry Buffalo soldiers Ghost Dance War Spanish American War Captain Jesse Dyer USMC Vera Cruz Mexico World War II Captain Richard Fleming USMC VMA 241 Squadron for whom Fleming Field is named Korean War Lt Colonel John Page U S Army Battle of Chosin ReservoirSee also Edit Geography portal North America portal United States portal Minnesota portalMinneapolis Saint PaulReferences Edit 2020 U S Gazetteer Files United States Census Bureau Retrieved July 24 2022 a b Explore Census Data United States Census Bureau Retrieved March 7 2022 a b City and Town Population Totals 2020 2021 United States Census Bureau June 24 2022 Retrieved June 24 2022 The City of Saint Paul Official website The City of Saint Paul 2008 Archived from the original on August 28 2008 Retrieved July 30 2008 a b Ramsey County Metro MSP Minneapolis Regional Chamber Development Foundation 2008 Archived from the original on July 8 2008 Retrieved July 30 2008 The St 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Retrieved April 15 2018 BRITSCHGI CHRISTIAN The Nation s Worst Rent Control Law Gets a Few Moderating Fixes reason com Reason Retrieved September 27 2022 Melo Frederick St Paul City Council likely to prune rent control ordinance next week www twincities com TwinCities Journal Retrieved September 27 2022 Galioto Katie St Paul leaders poised to limit controversial rent control policy www startribune com Star Tribune Retrieved September 27 2022 Melo Frederick St Paul City Council amends rent control exempts new construction with 5 2 vote www twincities com Pioneer Press Retrieved September 27 2022 Ice Palaces in Montreal 1883 89 The Ice Cubicle 4 Archived October 14 2020 at the Wayback Machine History of the Saint Paul Winter Carnival St Paul Winter Carnival 2008 Archived from the original on May 17 2008 Retrieved July 2 2008 Harry F Schroeder Jr The Kid After Whom Charles M Schulz Named His Beethoven Loving Character in His Peanuts Cartoon Delehanty Sullivan Kinsman Schroeder Family History Workspace 2006 Archived from the original on July 29 2012 Saint Paul kicks off encore to the successful Peanuts on Parade summer art project PRnewswire co uk Archived from the original on May 27 2012 Retrieved August 13 2008 John Vachon A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress Prepared by Connie L Cartledge Manuscript Division Library of Congress 2006 Archived from the original on September 30 2007 Retrieved October 10 2007 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint others link Ordway Center for the Performing Arts Ordway Center for the Performing Arts 2006 Archived from the original on December 5 2006 Retrieved December 7 2006 Berryman Don April 21 2004 Artists Quarter Jazz Police Archived from the original on July 5 2008 Retrieved July 30 2008 Gelhhar Jenny 2007 The Turf Club Features Saint Paul Almanac Archived from the original on January 6 2009 Retrieved July 30 2008 History of the Rose Ensemble Archived from the original on December 22 2008 Retrieved November 23 2008 Belcamino Kristi November 4 2019 O Gara s Bar and Grill a landmark St Paul institution won t reopen Twin Cities com St Paul Pioneer Press Archived from the original on April 29 2021 Retrieved March 23 2021 Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra Three concerts University of Chicago 2008 Archived from the original on May 31 2008 Minnesota Centennial Showboat University of Minnesota July 3 2008 Archived from the original on June 25 2008 Retrieved July 29 2008 Goldstein Museum of Design College of Design Regents of the University of Minnesota 2008 Archived from the original on June 25 2008 Retrieved July 31 2008 Hours Parking and Directions Visitor Information Minnesota Children s Museum 2010 Archived from the original on December 13 2010 Retrieved December 19 2010 Ong Bao July 31 2006 Carlson s legacy Schubert Club Thanks to him once tiny arts group attracts top artists to Twin Cities Pioneer Press Archived from the original registration required on December 31 2008 Retrieved July 31 2008 Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments The Schubert Club 2008 Archived from the original on September 21 2008 Retrieved July 31 2008 Wyant Carissa July 26 2008 St Paul art museum loses director searches for new home Minneapolis St Paul Business Journal American City Business Journals Inc Archived from the original on August 1 2008 Retrieved July 25 2008 Abbe Mary July 21 2008 Same old struggles at the MMAA Star Tribune Chris Harte p 1 Archived from the original on September 18 2008 Retrieved July 21 2008 St Paul Culture Museums M R Danielson Advertising Associates 2002 Archived from the original on October 31 2007 Retrieved December 7 2006 Schulman Andrew St Paul takes SI Sportstown Honors for the Land of 10 000 Lakes Sports Illustrated Archived from the original on October 7 2007 Retrieved October 30 2007 Farber Michael December 4 2007 In Search of Hockeytown U S A Sports Illustrated Archived from the original on May 11 2008 Retrieved August 5 2008 About Xcel Energy Center Minnesota Twins Archived from the original on August 12 2007 Retrieved October 30 2007 Mayo Jonathan February 12 2021 MLB Announces New Minors Teams Leagues Major League Baseball Archived from the original on March 6 2021 Retrieved February 12 2021 St Paul Baseball History St Paul Saints Archived from the original on July 17 2006 Retrieved August 13 2008 Sheldon Mark February 7 2003 Colored Gophers made history MLB com Archived from the original on January 17 2008 Retrieved October 30 2007 About Us St Paul Twin Stars Archived from the original on July 12 2014 Retrieved December 19 2010 About the St Paul Curling Club Saint Paul Curling Club Archived from the original on February 16 2007 Minnesota Boat Club Archived from the original on May 11 2008 Retrieved August 28 2008 Pioneer Press staff June 19 2012 Tickets for Circus Juventas summer show announced St Paul Pioneer Press Archived from the original on January 15 2016 Retrieved October 4 2014 Ervin Phil May 19 2015 MLS fight won Minnesota United still going through process of financing facility Archived from the original on December 11 2015 Retrieved October 24 2015 MLS Turns to St Paul After United FC Misses Stadium Deadline for Expansion Rights Minneapolis St Paul Business Journal Archived from the original on July 5 2015 Retrieved October 24 2015 Fast Facts mnufc com Archived from the original on July 12 2017 Gonzalez Roger March 12 2017 Look Minnesota United plays first MLS home match in the pouring snow Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Wawrow John September 7 2021 NWHL Rebrands to Premier Hockey Federation to Promote Inclusivity Inspire Youth WNBC Archived from the original on October 20 2021 Retrieved November 9 2021 Thiede Dana May 15 2018 MN Whitecaps join National Women s Hockey League kare11 com Archived from the original on March 10 2022 Retrieved September 5 2018 Ayala Erica Murphy Mike June 27 2018 The Whitecaps will call TRIA Rink home theicegarden com Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 2018 19 NWHL Schedule Released nwhl zone August 26 2018 Archived from the original on September 5 2018 Retrieved September 5 2018 Professional Sports Meet Minneapolis 2011 Archived from the original on December 1 2008 Retrieved February 14 2011 Quarstad Brian October 30 2011 NSC Minnesota Stars Win the 2011 NASL Championship Archived from the original on December 11 2015 Retrieved October 24 2015 Minnesota United crowned 2014 NASL spring champion Archived from the original on April 1 2019 Retrieved September 15 2019 Description of Saint Paul s Form of Government 2008 Mayor s Proposed Budget City of Saint Paul Archived from the original pdf on December 11 2008 Retrieved November 10 2007 Sec 2 01 Chief executive Administrative Code City of Saint Paul Retrieved November 10 2007 dead link Sec 4 01 Legislative power Saint Paul City Charter City of Saint Paul Archived from the original on December 14 2012 Retrieved November 11 2007 Sec 2 01 Elective officials Saint Paul City Charter City of Saint Paul Archived from the original on December 14 2012 Retrieved November 11 2007 Sec 4 01 2 Initial districts Saint Paul City Charter City of Saint Paul Archived from the original on December 14 2012 Retrieved November 10 2007 Sec 2 02 Terms Saint Paul City Charter City of Saint Paul Archived from the original on February 17 2003 Retrieved November 10 2007 Ostermeier Eric J Twin Cities Mayoral Historical Overview PDF Center for the Study of Politics and Governance Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs Archived from the original PDF on June 25 2008 Retrieved January 1 2008 Ramsey County Home Rule Charter Ramsey County 2008 Archived from the original on October 18 2008 Ramsey County Building Locations Ramsey County 2008 Archived from the original on December 21 2008 Minnesota Senate Maps amp Data Geographic Information Services Minnesota State Legislature 2007 Archived from the original on September 16 2008 Retrieved July 24 2008 Minnesota House Maps amp Data Geographic Information Services Minnesota State Legislature 2007 Archived from the original on September 16 2008 Retrieved July 24 2008 El Nasser Haya April 11 2004 Most livable Depends on your definition USA TODAY Archived from the original on October 15 2007 Retrieved October 16 2007 Post Secondary Schools Minnesota Department of Education 2005 Archived from the original on December 12 2006 Retrieved March 24 2007 Saint Paul Public Schools About Us Archived from the original on June 4 2007 Retrieved June 8 2007 Open Enrollment Minnesota Department of Education Archived from the original on August 26 2010 Retrieved November 19 2010 Charter School Facts MN Association of Charter Schools Archived from the original on October 24 2007 Retrieved November 6 2007 Minnesota Department of Education 2005 Alphabetical List of Nonpublic Schools Archived from the original on August 18 2007 and Charter Schools 2005 Archived from the original on June 1 2007 Retrieved June 8 2007 Find a Location Saint Paul Public Library 2021 Archived from the original on November 5 2021 Retrieved November 5 2021 Wyant Carissa November 5 2007 Report Daily newspaper circulation falls over 2 Archived from the original on November 3 2012 Retrieved September 19 2011 Stations Minnesota Public Radio 2008 Archived from the original on September 18 2008 Retrieved August 27 2008 a b Company Information Minnesota Public Radio 2008 Archived from the original on September 18 2008 Retrieved August 27 2008 The Fitzgerald Theater Minnesota Public Radio 2008 Archived from the original on September 18 2008 Retrieved August 15 2008 Bike n Ride by bus Metro Transit Archived from the original on August 20 2007 Retrieved September 20 2007 Nice Ride Minnesota Ambitious plans set for 2014 season Star Tribune Archived from the original on October 31 2013 Retrieved November 16 2013 Gill N S Skyways Downtown Minneapolis and St Paul Skyways About com About Inc The New York Times Company Archived from the original on November 5 2013 Retrieved March 15 2007 Khoo Michael December 15 2002 The days of Jesse Minnesota Public Radio Archived from the original on August 12 2012 Retrieved September 16 2007 a b Gov Ventura Stumbles New York Times February 6 1999 Archived from the original on June 7 2010 Retrieved September 16 2007 L Empson Donald 2006 The Street Where You Live University of Minnesota Press pp 17 ISBN 978 0 8166 4729 3 Central Corridor next steps and timeline Metropolitan Council April 2 2007 Archived from the original on September 29 2006 Retrieved April 11 2007 Murphy Esme Talking Points Green Line Opening Hailed A Big Success Archived from the original on October 22 2014 Retrieved June 17 2014 Kerr Drew February 11 2019 Light rail Bus Rapid Transit lines set annual ridership records Metro Transit Archived from the original on May 24 2020 Retrieved February 18 2022 Moore Janet October 30 2018 Early plans for streetcar route under Historic Fort Snelling raise concerns Star Tribune Archived from the original on February 18 2022 Retrieved February 18 2022 A Line Archived from the original on August 21 2015 Retrieved August 25 2015 Metro Network Metro Transit www metrotransit org Metro Transit Archived from the original on February 18 2022 Retrieved February 18 2022 Melo Frederick July 27 2021 Metro Transit seeks public feedback on B Line from downtown St Paul to Uptown Minneapolis Twin Cities Archived from the original on February 18 2022 Retrieved February 18 2022 St Paul Minneapolis MN MSP Amtrak Archived from the original on April 4 2007 Retrieved April 26 2007 Sommerhauser Mark July 24 2008 Mayors claim more riders should spur more service on Amtrak line The Winona Daily News Lee Enterprises Archived from the original on August 1 2008 Retrieved July 25 2008 Moore Janet September 23 2018 Additional Twin Cities Chicago rail service viable study finds Star Tribune Archived from the original on November 24 2018 Retrieved November 23 2018 a b c Rhodes Michael 2003 North American Railyards Saint Paul Minnesota MBI Publishing Company p 128 ISBN 978 0 7603 1578 1 Rhodes Michael 2003 North American Railyards Saint Paul Minnesota MBI Publishing Company p 16 ISBN 978 0 7603 1578 1 St Paul Downtown Airport Metropolitan Airports Commission Archived from the original on September 27 2007 Retrieved November 19 2007 Airlines MSP Airport mspairport com Archived from the original on June 4 2021 Retrieved June 17 2021 Pilot Groups Air Line Pilots Association Archived from the original on July 9 2007 Retrieved March 15 2007 Sister Cities and States of Minnesota mn gov Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development Archived from the original on May 16 2019 Retrieved October 13 2020 St Paul adds new sister city Mogadishu About a dozen others have that designation twincities com Twin Cities Pioneer Press May 10 2019 Archived from the original on October 12 2020 Retrieved October 13 2020 Obituary Brig Gen Daniel Whilldin Hand Army and Navy Journal Washington DC Army and Navy Journal Inc October 13 1945 p 250 via Newspapers com Marquis Albert N ed 1911 Who s Who In America Vol VI Chicago IL A N Marquis p 1785 via Google Books External links EditSaint Paul Minnesota at Wikipedia s sister projects Definitions from Wiktionary Media from Commons News from Wikinews Quotations from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Travel information from Wikivoyage Resources from Wikiversity Data from Wikidata Official website Official Tourism site Lowertown The Rise of an Urban Village Documentary produced by Twin Cities PBS Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Saint Paul Minnesota amp oldid 1135303540, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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