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Exeter, New Hampshire

Exeter is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Its population was 16,049 at the 2020 census,[2] up from 14,306 at the 2010 census. Exeter was the county seat until 1997, when county offices were moved to neighboring Brentwood. Home to Phillips Exeter Academy, a private university-preparatory school, Exeter is situated where the Exeter River becomes the tidal Squamscott River.

Exeter, New Hampshire
Water Street in downtown Exeter
Location in Rockingham County and the state of New Hampshire
Coordinates: 42°58′53″N 70°56′52″W / 42.98139°N 70.94778°W / 42.98139; -70.94778
CountryUnited States
StateNew Hampshire
CountyRockingham
SettledApril 3, 1638
Incorporated1638
Government
 • Select BoardNiko Papakonstantis, Chair
Molly Cowan
Nancy Belanger
Julie D. Gilman
Daniel Chartrand
 • Town ManagerRussell Dean
Area
 • Total20.0 sq mi (51.7 km2)
 • Land19.6 sq mi (50.8 km2)
 • Water0.3 sq mi (0.9 km2)  1.80%
Elevation
33 ft (10 m)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total16,049
 • Density819/sq mi (316.1/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (Eastern)
ZIP code
03833
Area code603
FIPS code33-25380
GNIS feature ID0873595
Websitewww.exeternh.gov

The urban center of town, where 10,109 people resided at the 2020 census,[3] is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as the Exeter census-designated place.

History edit

 
The Gilman Garrison House in 1906

For thousands of years prior to European colonization, the area was inhabited by Pennacook Abenaki villagers. The location was originally known as "M’Squamskook", meaning "Falls at the Place of the Salmon" in Abenaki language, and would later become known as "Squamscott".[4]

About 100 Pennacook would return to the Squamscott in the spring to fish, and raise corn, pumpkin, and pigeons, and had relations to other Pennacook at Concord, Sewall's Island, and Manchester.[4] They fished at the falls where the Exeter River becomes the tidal Squamscott, the site around which the future town of Exeter grew. The falls in Brentwood were known to have been a favorite fishing site of the native population.[5]

1638 settlement edit

On April 3, 1638, John Wheelwright, a clergyman exiled from the Puritan theocracy Massachusetts Bay Colony, purchased the land from Wehanownowit, the sagamore. Wheelwright took with him about 175 individuals to found a town he named after Exeter[6] in Devon, England. Local government was linked with Massachusetts until New Hampshire became a separate colony in 1679, and counties were introduced in 1769.

One of the four original townships in the province, Exeter originally included Newmarket, Newfields, Brentwood, Epping, and Fremont. On July 4, 1639, 35 freemen of Exeter signed the Exeter Combination, a document written by Wheelwright to establish their own government.[7] The settlers hunted, planted and fished, raised cattle and swine, or made shakes (shingles) and barrel staves.

Thomas Wilson established the town's first grist mill on the eastern side of the island[clarification needed] in the lower falls. This mill was established within the first season of settling in Exeter, and his son Humphrey assumed control of the mill in 1643, when Thomas died.[8]

Gilman family edit

Some early settlers came from Hingham, Massachusetts, including the Gilman, Folsom, and Leavitt families.[9][10] In 1647, Edward Gilman Jr. established the first sawmill, and by 1651, Gilman had a 50-ton sloop which he used to conduct business in lumber, staves, and masts. Gilman was lost at sea in 1653 while traveling to England to purchase equipment for his mills,[11] but his family later became prominent as lumbermen, shipbuilders, merchants, and statesmen.[12][13] The Gilman Garrison House and the American Independence Museum were both former homes of the Gilman family.[14][15] The Gilman family also donated the land on which Phillips Exeter Academy stands, including the academy's original Yard, the oldest part of campus.[16] Members of the Gilman family have played an important role in the United States government, including Founding Father Nicholas Gilman, as well as treasurers, a governor, representatives to the General Assembly and judges to the General Court of New Hampshire.[17][18]

 
A Declaration of Rights and Plan of Government for the State of New-Hampshire, adopted by New Hampshire Convention at Exeter, June 1779

The Gilman family began trading as far as the West Indies with ships they owned out of Portsmouth. In an 1803 voyage, the 180-ton clipper Oliver Peabody, owned by Gov. John Taylor Gilman, Oliver Peabody, Col. Gilman Leavitt, and others, was boarded by brigs belonging to the Royal Navy under command of Admiral Horatio Nelson. Enforcing a blockade against the French, Nelson offered ship Captain Stephen Gilman of Exeter a glass of wine and paid him for his cargo in Spanish dollars.[19] The trip demonstrates how far afield the merchants of Exeter reached.

1700s edit

The last Indian raid on Exeter was in August 1723, and by 1725, the tribes had left the area.[citation needed] In 1774, the rebellious Provincial Congress began to meet in the Exeter Town House after colonial governor John Wentworth banned it from the colonial capitol at Portsmouth. In July 1775, the Provincial Congress had the provincial records seized from royal officials in Portsmouth and brought to Exeter, as well, so Exeter became New Hampshire's capital, an honor it held for 14 years.[20]

 
Jude Hall memorial stone

Exeter had a significant Black community at this time. In 1790, at the first census, Exeter had a community of 81 free Blacks (in 14 households, 11 of which they owned), and two enslaved Blacks.[21] This was the highest percentage of Blacks in the state at 4.7%. Many Blacks, such as Jude Hall (namesake of Jude's Pond on Drinkwater Road),[22] earned their freedom fighting in the Revolutionary War, and many settled near the west bank of the Squamscott River after the war.[23] Jude Hall is buried in the Winter Street cemetery.

1800s edit

Reverend Thomas Paul of the African Meeting House in Boston was born in Exeter near this time, and later in 1822, abolitionist poet James Monroe Whitfield, a nephew of Jude Hall. In the late 1800s, two men had two dry-goods stores on Water Street, John Garrison Cutler and George Harris, who both had very high net worths at the time.[citation needed]

In 1827, the Exeter Manufacturing Company was established beside the river, using water power to produce cotton textiles. Other businesses manufactured shoes, saddles, harnesses, lumber, boxes, bricks, carriages, and bicycles. In 1836, the last schooner was launched at Exeter. In 1840, the Boston & Maine Railroad entered the town.[24]

According to former governor Hugh Gregg, the United States Republican Party was born in Exeter on October 12, 1853, at the Squamscott Hotel at a secret meeting of Amos Tuck with other abolitionists. At this meeting, Tuck proposed forming a new political party to be called Republican. Upon learning of Tuck's meeting, in December 1853, Horace Greeley said, "I think 'Republican' would be the best name, it will sound both Jeffersonian and Madisonian, and for that reason will take well."[25] Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president, visited Exeter in 1860. His son, Robert Todd Lincoln, was attending Phillips Exeter Academy, the college preparatory school founded in 1781 by John Phillips. The town was also once home to the Robinson Female Seminary, established in 1867 and previously known as the Exeter Female Academy (established in 1826). Its landmark Second Empire schoolhouse, completed in 1869, burned in October 1961.[26]

1900s edit

Joanna Pellerin, president of the Rockingham Land Trust, described the Squamscott River of the 1940s:

[The] Squamscott was a place to stay away from. It stank, and was filled with dyes from the mills and sewage dumped from along Water Street.[5]

In 1922, it was affected by the 1922 New England Textile Strike, shutting down the mills in the town over an attempted wage cut and hours increase.[27][28]

In September 1965, Exeter was involved in UFO history when local teenager Norman Muscarello and two Exeter police officers, Eugene Bertrand and David Hunt, witnessed a bright red UFO at close range. Their sighting attracted national publicity and became the focus of a bestselling book, Incident at Exeter, by journalist John G. Fuller. The Air Force eventually admitted that it had been unable to identify the strange object, and it is still considered by many UFO buffs to be one of the most impressive UFO sightings on record.

Architecture edit

 
Phillips Church in 1911

Exeter has a considerable number of architectural structures. Arthur Gilman designed the Old Town Hall of 1855. The Old Public Library of 1894, which now is home to the Exeter Historical Society, was designed by the Boston firm of Rotch & Tilden. Ralph Adams Cram, who trained with Rotch & Tilden, designed both Phillips Church, built in 1897, and Tuck High School, built in 1911. Cram's firm of Cram & Ferguson designed the entire Phillips Exeter Academy campus between 1908 and 1950. More recent is the Academy Library, built in 1971 to the design of Louis I. Kahn. Sculptor Daniel Chester French created the town's war memorial in 1922. Architect Henry Bacon designed in 1916 the Swasey Pavilion at Exeter's town square.[citation needed]

Other features of the town include the Swasey Parkway, which replaced the wharves and warehouses along the Squamscott River, and the Ioka Theatre of 1915 on Water Street. The latter was built by Edward Mayer, an Exeter judge and resident. Mayer's opening feature was The Birth of a Nation, by D. W. Griffith. The theatre's curious name was proposed in a contest by a young woman with an enthusiasm for Scouting. Ioka was a Native American word meaning "playground".[citation needed]

Geography and wildlife edit

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 20.0 square miles (51.7 km2), of which 19.6 square miles (50.8 km2) are land and 0.3 square miles (0.9 km2) is covered by water, comprising 1.80% of the town.[1] Exeter is drained by the Exeter River, which feeds the tidal Squamscott River in the center of town. Exeter's highest point is 250 feet (76 m) above sea level, on Great Hill at the town's southwestern corner. Exeter lies fully within the Piscataqua River (Coastal) watershed.[29]

Rivers edit

In 2005, the small herring-like alewife fish was present in the Exeter River, though its numbers were fewer than in previous years. Local accounts suggest that the average length of the alewife was six inches. At this point in time the Exeter River was dammed in downtown Exeter, and a fish ladder would occasionally have a visible chad, lamprey eel, or trout.[5]

Water from the small freshwater Dearborn Brook is stored in the Exeter Reservoir to support municipal drinking water system. A 2005 plan to manage Dearborn Brook was submitted by the Rockingham Planning Commission through the Clean Water Act.[30] Dearborn Brook is a freshwater tributary to the tidal Squamscott River.[31]

In fall 2015, the majority of the rivers in Exeter were impaired from stormwater and snowmelt-driven runoff pollutants, including large portions of Exeter River and Squamscott River, Dudley Brook, Little River, and Piscassic River.[32]

In 2016, the Great Dam that had separated the Exeter River and the Squamscott River was removed. The removal of the dam and the fish ladder caused the alewife population to rebound, with over 100,000 fish as compared to 1,628 in 1970 and 15,626 in 1981. Hawks and eagles have been observed hunting the fish.[33]

Trees edit

A 2017 town survey found that most human-planted trees in the urban areas of Exeter are broadleaf deciduous. Some significant species include Norway maples, red maple, oak, sugar maples, hedge maples, and ash.[34]

Exeter also maintains a list of approved trees for planting, which include 30 trees native to the area, four trees native to the Eastern U.S., and 27 non-native species. Native trees include: Red maple, Sugar maple, Freeman maple, Serviceberry or juneberry, River birch, American hornbeam, Hackberry, Common hackberry, Pagoda dogwood, Flowering dogwood, Hawthorn, American beech, Eastern red cedar, Black gum, Ironwood, White spruce (Picea alba), Pitch pine, White pine, American sycamore, Pin cherry, White oak, Swamp white oak, Scarlet oak, Bur oak, Red oak, Black willow, Sassafras, American mountain ash (Sorbus americana 'dwarfcrown'), American linden, and American elm.[34]

Wildlife edit

Exeter contains the publicly-owned 235 acre Conner Farm Wildlife Management Area. This area contains about 90 acres of open fields, as well as upland forests of red oak, white oak, hemlock, and white pine. There are also black cherry, hickory, hop hornbeam, aspen, and birch trees. Additionally, there is a small freshwater marsh, a stream, and beaver ponds. Animals include deer, turkey, and migratory waterfowl.[35]

Adjacent municipalities edit

Demographics edit

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
17901,722
18001,7270.3%
18101,7591.9%
18202,11420.2%
18302,75930.5%
18402,9256.0%
18503,32913.8%
18603,309−0.6%
18703,3471.1%
18803,5696.6%
18904,28420.0%
19004,92214.9%
19104,897−0.5%
19204,604−6.0%
19304,8725.8%
19405,39810.8%
19505,6644.9%
19607,24327.9%
19708,89222.8%
198011,02424.0%
199012,48113.2%
200014,05812.6%
201014,3061.8%
202016,04912.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[2][36]
 
Exeter High School

As of the 2010 census, there were 14,306 people, 6,114 households, and 3,729 families residing in the town. The population density was 729.9 inhabitants per square mile (281.8/km2). The 6,496 housing units had an average density of 331.4 per square mile (128.0/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.5% White, 0.6% African American, 0.1% Native American, 2.0% Asian, 0.2% some other race, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.77% of the population.[37]

Of the 6,114 households, 29.1% had children under 18 living with them, 47.5% were headed by married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were not families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% were someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.28, and the average family size was 2.92.[37]

In the town, the age distribution of the population was 22.6% under 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 30.8% from 45 to 64, and 18.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 44.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 84.9 males.[37]

For the period 2007–2011, the estimated median annual income for a household in the town was $68,777, and for a family was $95,435. Male full-time workers had a median income of $64,632 versus $41,088 for females. The per capita income for the town was $38,018. About 2.5% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.2% of those under 18 and 4.1% of those 65 or over.[38]

Government and politics edit

Exeter is located in New Hampshire's 1st congressional district, represented by Democrat Chris Pappas (D-Manchester). In the New Hampshire Senate, Exeter is located within New Hampshire's 24th State Senate district, represented by Democrat Debra Altschiller (D-Stratham).[39]

In the New Hampshire House of Representatives, Exeter has two districts covering the town. Rockingham 11 is a district with four seats covering just the town of Exeter; it is currently represented by four Democrats: Julie D. Gilman, Gaby M. Grossman, Linda J. Haskins, and Mark Paige. Exeter also shares Rockingham 33, a single-member district, with the several other nearby towns; it is represented by Democrat Alexis H. Simpson (D-Exeter).[40]

Exeter town presidential vote[41]
Year Democratic Republican Third parties
2020 66.3% 6,820 32.3% 3,321 1.4% 148
2016 59.6% 5,514 35.5% 3,286 4.9% 445
2012 58.2% 5,194 40.5% 3,614 0.8% 75
2008 60.5% 5,258 38.7% 3,365 0.8% 71

Like much of eastern Rockingham County, Exeter is strongly Democratic.[41]

Transportation edit

The Amtrak Downeaster stops at Exeter, providing passenger rail service to Portland and Boston.

Exeter is served by four exits (9–12) from Route 101, and Interstate 95 is about 5 miles (8 km) to the east. Routes 27, 85, 108, 111, and 111A meet at the town's center, and Route 88 is on the east side of the town.

Economy edit

In 1990, the SIGARMS, Inc. company moved to Exeter. When it was bought by Michael Lüke and Thomas Ortmeier in October 2000, the name was changed to SIG Sauer Inc. Today, SIG Sauer is one of the world's largest firearms manufacturing entities.[42]

Bauer Hockey's global headquarters is in Exeter.[43]

Notable people edit

Sites of interest edit

  • American Independence Museum
  • Congregational Church in Exeter, founded 1638
  • Exeter Historical Society and Museum
  • Phillips Exeter Academy

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b "2021 U.S. Gazetteer Files – New Hampshire". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Exeter town, Rockingham County, New Hampshire: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  3. ^ United States Census Bureau, [1], 2020 Census figures. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Collective, Indigenous NH Collaborative (November 19, 2021). "The Obscure History of Indigenous Exeter". Indigenous New Hampshire Collaborative Collective. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  5. ^ a b c Exeter River Local Advisory Committee (June 21, 2005). "2005 Exeter River Alewife Festival". PREP Reports & Publications.
  6. ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 122.
  7. ^ Fitts, James Hill (1912). History of Newfields, New Hampshire, 1638-1911. Concord, NH: The Rumford Press. p. 22. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  8. ^ Bell, Charles H. (1888). History of the Town of Exeter, New Hampshire. Boston, MA: J. E. Farwell. pp. 317–318. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  9. ^ Lincoln, Solomon (1827). History of the Town of Hingham, Plymouth County, Massachusetts. Hingham, MA: Farmer and Brown. pp. 174–175.
  10. ^ John Leavitt, founding deacon of Old Ship Church in Hingham, was granted land in Exeter in 1652, but there is no sign that he took up residence. But his sons Moses and Samuel Leavitt moved to Exeter, presumably to be closer to their maternal grandfather, Edward Gilman Sr."WALF Memoriam to the Children of John Leavitt and Sarah Gilman, Hingham Cemetery, Hingham, Massachusetts". Flickr. October 8, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  11. ^ Savage, James; John Farmer; Orrando Perry Dexter (1860). A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England, Vol. II. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company.
  12. ^ Perley, Sidney (July 1905). "Suffolk County Deeds, Vol. 1". The Essex Antiquarian. IX (3). Salem, MA: 103. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  13. ^ Perley, Sidney (July 1897). "Old Norfolk County Records". The Essex Antiquarian. I (7). Salem, MA: 115. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  14. ^ . Historic New England. Archived from the original on August 16, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  15. ^ . The American Independence Museum. Archived from the original on July 10, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  16. ^ Gilman, Alexander (1895). Searches Into the History of the Gillman or Gilman family. London: E. Stock. p. 214. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  17. ^ Merrill, Nancy. "The Gilmans of Exeter". SeacoastNH.com. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  18. ^ Bell, Charles Henry. John Taylor Gilman, M. D., Portland Maine: A memorial for the family.
  19. ^ Brewster, Charles Warren (1869). Rambles About Portsmouth. Portsmouth, NH: Lewis W. Brewster. p. 291. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  20. ^ . American Independence Museum. Archived from the original on March 9, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  21. ^ Pruitt, Sarah (June 7, 2019). "He Fought for His Freedom in the Revolution. Then His Sons Were Sold Into Slavery". History.com. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  22. ^ Rimkunas, Barbara (February 28, 2014). "Jude Hall and his family's struggle". Seacoast Online. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  23. ^ Dixon, David T. "Freedom Earned, Equality Denied: Evolving Race Relations in Exeter and Vicinity, 1776–1876" (PDF). Historical New Hampshire. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  24. ^ "Boston and Maine Railroad: 'Route of the Minute Man'". American-Rails.com. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  25. ^ "Birth of the Republican Party", H. Gregg
  26. ^ "Old Girls' School Burns At Exeter". The Times Argus. Barre, Vermont. AP. October 6, 1961. p. 10. Retrieved January 22, 2024 – via newspapers.com.
  27. ^ Foner, Philip Sheldon; Foner, Philip Sheldon (January 1, 1991). History of the labor movement in the United States. 9: The T.U.E.L. to the end of the Gompers era / by Philip S. Foner. New York: Intl Publ. pp. 19–31. ISBN 978-0-7178-0674-4.
  28. ^ E. Tilden, Leonard (1923). "New England Textile Strike". Monthly Labor Review. 16 (5): 13–36. JSTOR 41828627 – via JSTOR.
  29. ^ Foster, Debra H.; Batorfalvy, Tatianna N.; Medalie, Laura (1995). Water Use in New Hampshire: An Activities Guide for Teachers. U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey.
  30. ^ Rockingham Planning Commission. "Implementation of the Dearborn Brook Watershed Management and Protection Plan." (2005). [2]
  31. ^ Exeter-Squamscott River Local Advisory Committee (December 2012). "Exeter-Squamscott River Watershed Management Plan Update" (PDF).
  32. ^ "Think Blue Exeter | Town of Exeter New Hampshire Official Website". www.exeternh.gov. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  33. ^ "Successful removal of Exeter's Great Dam offers lessons for other communities". Foster's Daily Democrat. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  34. ^ a b "Exeter Tree Committee | Town of Exeter New Hampshire Official Website". www.exeternh.gov. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  35. ^ Department, NH Fish and Game. "New Hampshire Wildlife Management Areas | New Hampshire Fish and Game Department". www.wildlife.state.nh.us. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  36. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  37. ^ a b c "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Exeter town, Rockingham County, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  38. ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DP03): Exeter town, Rockingham County, New Hampshire". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
  39. ^ "Who's My New Hampshire State Senator?". The New Hampshire General Court. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  40. ^ "New Hampshire House Members". The New Hampshire General Court.
  41. ^ a b "NH-SOS - 2020 Election Information".
  42. ^ . Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  43. ^ "Contact Us/FAQ - BAUER". www.bauer.com.

Further reading edit

  • Cross-Grained & Wiley Waters: A Guide to the Piscataqua Maritime Region, Jeffrey W. Bolster, Editor; Peter Randall Publisher, Portsmouth, 2001
  • Exeter New Hampshire 1888–1988, Nancy C. Merrill; Peter E. Randall, Publisher, Exeter, NH 1988
  • History of Exeter, New Hampshire, Charles H. Bell, Exeter, NH 1888; Reprinted by Heritage Books, 1990
  • Images of America: Exeter, Carol Walker Aten; Arcadia Publishers, Dover, NH, 1996, reprint 1998
  • Ports of Piscataqua: Soundings in the Maritime History of the Portsmouth, N.H., Customs District from the Days of Queen Elizabeth and the Planting of Strawberry Banke to the Times of Abraham Lincoln and the Waning of the American Clipper, William Gurdon Saltonstall, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1941
  • Postcards from Exeter, Carol Walker Aten; Arcadia Publishers, Dover, NH, 2003
  • The Exeter-Squamscott: River of Many Uses, Olive Tardiff; Peter E. Randall, Publisher, Exeter, NH 1986, 2004

External links edit

  • Official website
  • Exeter Historical Society
  • SAU 16, Exeter Area School District
  • Exeter Public Library 2021-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
  • New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile
  • Exeter LitFest: Literary Trail Walking Maps

exeter, hampshire, exeter, town, rockingham, county, hampshire, united, states, population, 2020, census, from, 2010, census, exeter, county, seat, until, 1997, when, county, offices, were, moved, neighboring, brentwood, home, phillips, exeter, academy, privat. Exeter is a town in Rockingham County New Hampshire United States Its population was 16 049 at the 2020 census 2 up from 14 306 at the 2010 census Exeter was the county seat until 1997 when county offices were moved to neighboring Brentwood Home to Phillips Exeter Academy a private university preparatory school Exeter is situated where the Exeter River becomes the tidal Squamscott River Exeter New HampshireTownWater Street in downtown ExeterSealLocation in Rockingham County and the state of New HampshireCoordinates 42 58 53 N 70 56 52 W 42 98139 N 70 94778 W 42 98139 70 94778CountryUnited StatesStateNew HampshireCountyRockinghamSettledApril 3 1638Incorporated1638Government Select BoardNiko Papakonstantis ChairMolly CowanNancy BelangerJulie D GilmanDaniel Chartrand Town ManagerRussell DeanArea 1 Total20 0 sq mi 51 7 km2 Land19 6 sq mi 50 8 km2 Water0 3 sq mi 0 9 km2 1 80 Elevation33 ft 10 m Population 2020 2 Total16 049 Density819 sq mi 316 1 km2 Time zoneUTC 5 Eastern Summer DST UTC 4 Eastern ZIP code03833Area code603FIPS code33 25380GNIS feature ID0873595Websitewww wbr exeternh wbr gov The urban center of town where 10 109 people resided at the 2020 census 3 is defined by the U S Census Bureau as the Exeter census designated place Contents 1 History 1 1 1638 settlement 1 2 Gilman family 1 3 1700s 1 4 1800s 1 5 1900s 1 6 Architecture 2 Geography and wildlife 2 1 Rivers 2 2 Trees 2 3 Wildlife 2 4 Adjacent municipalities 3 Demographics 4 Government and politics 5 Transportation 6 Economy 7 Notable people 8 Sites of interest 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksHistory edit nbsp The Gilman Garrison House in 1906 For thousands of years prior to European colonization the area was inhabited by Pennacook Abenaki villagers The location was originally known as M Squamskook meaning Falls at the Place of the Salmon in Abenaki language and would later become known as Squamscott 4 About 100 Pennacook would return to the Squamscott in the spring to fish and raise corn pumpkin and pigeons and had relations to other Pennacook at Concord Sewall s Island and Manchester 4 They fished at the falls where the Exeter River becomes the tidal Squamscott the site around which the future town of Exeter grew The falls in Brentwood were known to have been a favorite fishing site of the native population 5 1638 settlement edit On April 3 1638 John Wheelwright a clergyman exiled from the Puritan theocracy Massachusetts Bay Colony purchased the land from Wehanownowit the sagamore Wheelwright took with him about 175 individuals to found a town he named after Exeter 6 in Devon England Local government was linked with Massachusetts until New Hampshire became a separate colony in 1679 and counties were introduced in 1769 One of the four original townships in the province Exeter originally included Newmarket Newfields Brentwood Epping and Fremont On July 4 1639 35 freemen of Exeter signed the Exeter Combination a document written by Wheelwright to establish their own government 7 The settlers hunted planted and fished raised cattle and swine or made shakes shingles and barrel staves Thomas Wilson established the town s first grist mill on the eastern side of the island clarification needed in the lower falls This mill was established within the first season of settling in Exeter and his son Humphrey assumed control of the mill in 1643 when Thomas died 8 Gilman family edit Some early settlers came from Hingham Massachusetts including the Gilman Folsom and Leavitt families 9 10 In 1647 Edward Gilman Jr established the first sawmill and by 1651 Gilman had a 50 ton sloop which he used to conduct business in lumber staves and masts Gilman was lost at sea in 1653 while traveling to England to purchase equipment for his mills 11 but his family later became prominent as lumbermen shipbuilders merchants and statesmen 12 13 The Gilman Garrison House and the American Independence Museum were both former homes of the Gilman family 14 15 The Gilman family also donated the land on which Phillips Exeter Academy stands including the academy s original Yard the oldest part of campus 16 Members of the Gilman family have played an important role in the United States government including Founding Father Nicholas Gilman as well as treasurers a governor representatives to the General Assembly and judges to the General Court of New Hampshire 17 18 nbsp A Declaration of Rights and Plan of Government for the State of New Hampshire adopted by New Hampshire Convention at Exeter June 1779 The Gilman family began trading as far as the West Indies with ships they owned out of Portsmouth In an 1803 voyage the 180 ton clipper Oliver Peabody owned by Gov John Taylor Gilman Oliver Peabody Col Gilman Leavitt and others was boarded by brigs belonging to the Royal Navy under command of Admiral Horatio Nelson Enforcing a blockade against the French Nelson offered ship Captain Stephen Gilman of Exeter a glass of wine and paid him for his cargo in Spanish dollars 19 The trip demonstrates how far afield the merchants of Exeter reached 1700s edit The last Indian raid on Exeter was in August 1723 and by 1725 the tribes had left the area citation needed In 1774 the rebellious Provincial Congress began to meet in the Exeter Town House after colonial governor John Wentworth banned it from the colonial capitol at Portsmouth In July 1775 the Provincial Congress had the provincial records seized from royal officials in Portsmouth and brought to Exeter as well so Exeter became New Hampshire s capital an honor it held for 14 years 20 nbsp Jude Hall memorial stone Exeter had a significant Black community at this time In 1790 at the first census Exeter had a community of 81 free Blacks in 14 households 11 of which they owned and two enslaved Blacks 21 This was the highest percentage of Blacks in the state at 4 7 Many Blacks such as Jude Hall namesake of Jude s Pond on Drinkwater Road 22 earned their freedom fighting in the Revolutionary War and many settled near the west bank of the Squamscott River after the war 23 Jude Hall is buried in the Winter Street cemetery 1800s edit Reverend Thomas Paul of the African Meeting House in Boston was born in Exeter near this time and later in 1822 abolitionist poet James Monroe Whitfield a nephew of Jude Hall In the late 1800s two men had two dry goods stores on Water Street John Garrison Cutler and George Harris who both had very high net worths at the time citation needed In 1827 the Exeter Manufacturing Company was established beside the river using water power to produce cotton textiles Other businesses manufactured shoes saddles harnesses lumber boxes bricks carriages and bicycles In 1836 the last schooner was launched at Exeter In 1840 the Boston amp Maine Railroad entered the town 24 According to former governor Hugh Gregg the United States Republican Party was born in Exeter on October 12 1853 at the Squamscott Hotel at a secret meeting of Amos Tuck with other abolitionists At this meeting Tuck proposed forming a new political party to be called Republican Upon learning of Tuck s meeting in December 1853 Horace Greeley said I think Republican would be the best name it will sound both Jeffersonian and Madisonian and for that reason will take well 25 Abraham Lincoln the first Republican president visited Exeter in 1860 His son Robert Todd Lincoln was attending Phillips Exeter Academy the college preparatory school founded in 1781 by John Phillips The town was also once home to the Robinson Female Seminary established in 1867 and previously known as the Exeter Female Academy established in 1826 Its landmark Second Empire schoolhouse completed in 1869 burned in October 1961 26 1900s editJoanna Pellerin president of the Rockingham Land Trust described the Squamscott River of the 1940s The Squamscott was a place to stay away from It stank and was filled with dyes from the mills and sewage dumped from along Water Street 5 In 1922 it was affected by the 1922 New England Textile Strike shutting down the mills in the town over an attempted wage cut and hours increase 27 28 In September 1965 Exeter was involved in UFO history when local teenager Norman Muscarello and two Exeter police officers Eugene Bertrand and David Hunt witnessed a bright red UFO at close range Their sighting attracted national publicity and became the focus of a bestselling book Incident at Exeter by journalist John G Fuller The Air Force eventually admitted that it had been unable to identify the strange object and it is still considered by many UFO buffs to be one of the most impressive UFO sightings on record Architecture edit nbsp Phillips Church in 1911 Exeter has a considerable number of architectural structures Arthur Gilman designed the Old Town Hall of 1855 The Old Public Library of 1894 which now is home to the Exeter Historical Society was designed by the Boston firm of Rotch amp Tilden Ralph Adams Cram who trained with Rotch amp Tilden designed both Phillips Church built in 1897 and Tuck High School built in 1911 Cram s firm of Cram amp Ferguson designed the entire Phillips Exeter Academy campus between 1908 and 1950 More recent is the Academy Library built in 1971 to the design of Louis I Kahn Sculptor Daniel Chester French created the town s war memorial in 1922 Architect Henry Bacon designed in 1916 the Swasey Pavilion at Exeter s town square citation needed Other features of the town include the Swasey Parkway which replaced the wharves and warehouses along the Squamscott River and the Ioka Theatre of 1915 on Water Street The latter was built by Edward Mayer an Exeter judge and resident Mayer s opening feature was The Birth of a Nation by D W Griffith The theatre s curious name was proposed in a contest by a young woman with an enthusiasm for Scouting Ioka was a Native American word meaning playground citation needed nbsp Town Offices c 1912 nbsp Squamscott Falls in 1907 nbsp Phillips Exeter in 1910 nbsp Linden Street c 1909 nbsp Exeter Town Hall September 2008 nbsp Powder House 1936 nbsp Giddings Tavern 1935 nbsp Liberty Emery House 1935 nbsp Simeon Folsom House 1935 nbsp First Congregational Church c 1870 nbsp Lower falls in winter c 1870 nbsp Town Hall c 1870 nbsp Bellows House Front Street c 1870 nbsp Robinson Female Seminary now defunct c 1870 nbsp Front Street c 1870 nbsp Phillips Exeter Academy c 1870Geography and wildlife editAccording to the United States Census Bureau the town has an area of 20 0 square miles 51 7 km2 of which 19 6 square miles 50 8 km2 are land and 0 3 square miles 0 9 km2 is covered by water comprising 1 80 of the town 1 Exeter is drained by the Exeter River which feeds the tidal Squamscott River in the center of town Exeter s highest point is 250 feet 76 m above sea level on Great Hill at the town s southwestern corner Exeter lies fully within the Piscataqua River Coastal watershed 29 Rivers edit In 2005 the small herring like alewife fish was present in the Exeter River though its numbers were fewer than in previous years Local accounts suggest that the average length of the alewife was six inches At this point in time the Exeter River was dammed in downtown Exeter and a fish ladder would occasionally have a visible chad lamprey eel or trout 5 Water from the small freshwater Dearborn Brook is stored in the Exeter Reservoir to support municipal drinking water system A 2005 plan to manage Dearborn Brook was submitted by the Rockingham Planning Commission through the Clean Water Act 30 Dearborn Brook is a freshwater tributary to the tidal Squamscott River 31 In fall 2015 the majority of the rivers in Exeter were impaired from stormwater and snowmelt driven runoff pollutants including large portions of Exeter River and Squamscott River Dudley Brook Little River and Piscassic River 32 In 2016 the Great Dam that had separated the Exeter River and the Squamscott River was removed The removal of the dam and the fish ladder caused the alewife population to rebound with over 100 000 fish as compared to 1 628 in 1970 and 15 626 in 1981 Hawks and eagles have been observed hunting the fish 33 Trees edit A 2017 town survey found that most human planted trees in the urban areas of Exeter are broadleaf deciduous Some significant species include Norway maples red maple oak sugar maples hedge maples and ash 34 Exeter also maintains a list of approved trees for planting which include 30 trees native to the area four trees native to the Eastern U S and 27 non native species Native trees include Red maple Sugar maple Freeman maple Serviceberry or juneberry River birch American hornbeam Hackberry Common hackberry Pagoda dogwood Flowering dogwood Hawthorn American beech Eastern red cedar Black gum Ironwood White spruce Picea alba Pitch pine White pine American sycamore Pin cherry White oak Swamp white oak Scarlet oak Bur oak Red oak Black willow Sassafras American mountain ash Sorbus americana dwarfcrown American linden and American elm 34 Wildlife edit Exeter contains the publicly owned 235 acre Conner Farm Wildlife Management Area This area contains about 90 acres of open fields as well as upland forests of red oak white oak hemlock and white pine There are also black cherry hickory hop hornbeam aspen and birch trees Additionally there is a small freshwater marsh a stream and beaver ponds Animals include deer turkey and migratory waterfowl 35 Adjacent municipalities edit Newfields north Stratham east Hampton southeast Hampton Falls southeast Kensington south East Kingston southwest Kingston southwest Brentwood west Epping northwest Demographics editHistorical population CensusPop Note 17901 722 18001 7270 3 18101 7591 9 18202 11420 2 18302 75930 5 18402 9256 0 18503 32913 8 18603 309 0 6 18703 3471 1 18803 5696 6 18904 28420 0 19004 92214 9 19104 897 0 5 19204 604 6 0 19304 8725 8 19405 39810 8 19505 6644 9 19607 24327 9 19708 89222 8 198011 02424 0 199012 48113 2 200014 05812 6 201014 3061 8 202016 04912 2 U S Decennial Census 2 36 nbsp Exeter High School As of the 2010 census there were 14 306 people 6 114 households and 3 729 families residing in the town The population density was 729 9 inhabitants per square mile 281 8 km2 The 6 496 housing units had an average density of 331 4 per square mile 128 0 km2 The racial makeup of the town was 95 5 White 0 6 African American 0 1 Native American 2 0 Asian 0 2 some other race and 1 6 from two or more races Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1 77 of the population 37 Of the 6 114 households 29 1 had children under 18 living with them 47 5 were headed by married couples living together 9 8 had a female householder with no husband present and 39 0 were not families 32 5 of all households were made up of individuals and 15 2 were someone living alone who was 65 or older The average household size was 2 28 and the average family size was 2 92 37 In the town the age distribution of the population was 22 6 under 18 6 0 from 18 to 24 22 5 from 25 to 44 30 8 from 45 to 64 and 18 2 who were 65 or older The median age was 44 3 years For every 100 females there were 88 6 males For every 100 females 18 and over there were 84 9 males 37 For the period 2007 2011 the estimated median annual income for a household in the town was 68 777 and for a family was 95 435 Male full time workers had a median income of 64 632 versus 41 088 for females The per capita income for the town was 38 018 About 2 5 of families and 5 7 of the population were below the poverty line including 7 2 of those under 18 and 4 1 of those 65 or over 38 Government and politics editExeter is located in New Hampshire s 1st congressional district represented by Democrat Chris Pappas D Manchester In the New Hampshire Senate Exeter is located within New Hampshire s 24th State Senate district represented by Democrat Debra Altschiller D Stratham 39 In the New Hampshire House of Representatives Exeter has two districts covering the town Rockingham 11 is a district with four seats covering just the town of Exeter it is currently represented by four Democrats Julie D Gilman Gaby M Grossman Linda J Haskins and Mark Paige Exeter also shares Rockingham 33 a single member district with the several other nearby towns it is represented by Democrat Alexis H Simpson D Exeter 40 Exeter town presidential vote 41 Year Democratic Republican Third parties 2020 66 3 6 820 32 3 3 321 1 4 148 2016 59 6 5 514 35 5 3 286 4 9 445 2012 58 2 5 194 40 5 3 614 0 8 75 2008 60 5 5 258 38 7 3 365 0 8 71 Like much of eastern Rockingham County Exeter is strongly Democratic 41 Transportation editThe Amtrak Downeaster stops at Exeter providing passenger rail service to Portland and Boston Exeter is served by four exits 9 12 from Route 101 and Interstate 95 is about 5 miles 8 km to the east Routes 27 85 108 111 and 111A meet at the town s center and Route 88 is on the east side of the town Economy editIn 1990 the SIGARMS Inc company moved to Exeter When it was bought by Michael Luke and Thomas Ortmeier in October 2000 the name was changed to SIG Sauer Inc Today SIG Sauer is one of the world s largest firearms manufacturing entities 42 Bauer Hockey s global headquarters is in Exeter 43 Notable people editMain article List of people from Exeter New HampshireSites of interest editAmerican Independence Museum Congregational Church in Exeter founded 1638 Exeter Historical Society and Museum Phillips Exeter AcademySee also edit nbsp New Hampshire portal List of newspapers in New Hampshire Exeter Exeter InnReferences edit a b 2021 U S Gazetteer Files New Hampshire United States Census Bureau Retrieved December 22 2021 a b c Exeter town Rockingham County New Hampshire 2020 DEC Redistricting Data PL 94 171 U S Census Bureau Retrieved December 22 2021 United States Census Bureau 1 2020 Census figures Retrieved September 21 2021 a b Collective Indigenous NH Collaborative November 19 2021 The Obscure History of Indigenous Exeter Indigenous New Hampshire Collaborative Collective Retrieved June 7 2023 a b c Exeter River Local Advisory Committee June 21 2005 2005 Exeter River Alewife Festival PREP Reports amp Publications Gannett Henry 1905 The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States Govt Print Off pp 122 Fitts James Hill 1912 History of Newfields New Hampshire 1638 1911 Concord NH The Rumford Press p 22 Retrieved October 22 2010 Bell Charles H 1888 History of the Town of Exeter New Hampshire Boston MA J E Farwell pp 317 318 Retrieved October 22 2010 Lincoln Solomon 1827 History of the Town of Hingham Plymouth County Massachusetts Hingham MA Farmer and Brown pp 174 175 John Leavitt founding deacon of Old Ship Church in Hingham was granted land in Exeter in 1652 but there is no sign that he took up residence But his sons Moses and Samuel Leavitt moved to Exeter presumably to be closer to their maternal grandfather Edward Gilman Sr WALF Memoriam to the Children of John Leavitt and Sarah Gilman Hingham Cemetery Hingham Massachusetts Flickr October 8 2008 Retrieved October 22 2010 Savage James John Farmer Orrando Perry Dexter 1860 A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England Vol II Boston MA Little Brown and Company Perley Sidney July 1905 Suffolk County Deeds Vol 1 The Essex Antiquarian IX 3 Salem MA 103 Retrieved October 22 2010 Perley Sidney July 1897 Old Norfolk County Records The Essex Antiquarian I 7 Salem MA 115 Retrieved October 22 2010 Gilman Garrison House Historic New England Archived from the original on August 16 2014 Retrieved October 22 2010 The Ladd Gilman House The American Independence Museum Archived from the original on July 10 2011 Retrieved October 22 2010 Gilman Alexander 1895 Searches Into the History of the Gillman or Gilman family London E Stock p 214 Retrieved October 22 2010 Merrill Nancy The Gilmans of Exeter SeacoastNH com Retrieved October 22 2010 Bell Charles Henry John Taylor Gilman M D Portland Maine A memorial for the family Brewster Charles Warren 1869 Rambles About Portsmouth Portsmouth NH Lewis W Brewster p 291 Retrieved October 22 2010 Exeter Its History American Independence Museum Archived from the original on March 9 2015 Retrieved March 23 2015 Pruitt Sarah June 7 2019 He Fought for His Freedom in the Revolution Then His Sons Were Sold Into Slavery History com Retrieved October 13 2020 Rimkunas Barbara February 28 2014 Jude Hall and his family s struggle Seacoast Online Retrieved October 13 2020 Dixon David T Freedom Earned Equality Denied Evolving Race Relations in Exeter and Vicinity 1776 1876 PDF Historical New Hampshire Retrieved October 13 2020 Boston and Maine Railroad Route of the Minute Man American Rails com Retrieved October 13 2020 Birth of the Republican Party H Gregg Old Girls School Burns At Exeter The Times Argus Barre Vermont AP October 6 1961 p 10 Retrieved January 22 2024 via newspapers com Foner Philip Sheldon Foner Philip Sheldon January 1 1991 History of the labor movement in the United States 9 The T U E L to the end of the Gompers era by Philip S Foner New York Intl Publ pp 19 31 ISBN 978 0 7178 0674 4 E Tilden Leonard 1923 New England Textile Strike Monthly Labor Review 16 5 13 36 JSTOR 41828627 via JSTOR Foster Debra H Batorfalvy Tatianna N Medalie Laura 1995 Water Use in New Hampshire An Activities Guide for Teachers U S Department of the Interior and U S Geological Survey Rockingham Planning Commission Implementation of the Dearborn Brook Watershed Management and Protection Plan 2005 2 Exeter Squamscott River Local Advisory Committee December 2012 Exeter Squamscott River Watershed Management Plan Update PDF Think Blue Exeter Town of Exeter New Hampshire Official Website www exeternh gov Retrieved June 7 2023 Successful removal of Exeter s Great Dam offers lessons for other communities Foster s Daily Democrat Retrieved June 7 2023 a b Exeter Tree Committee Town of Exeter New Hampshire Official Website www exeternh gov Retrieved June 7 2023 Department NH Fish and Game New Hampshire Wildlife Management Areas New Hampshire Fish and Game Department www wildlife state nh us Retrieved June 5 2023 Census of Population and Housing Census gov Retrieved June 4 2016 a b c Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics 2010 Demographic Profile Data DP 1 Exeter town Rockingham County New Hampshire U S Census Bureau American Factfinder Archived from the original on February 12 2020 Retrieved March 4 2013 Selected Economic Characteristics 2007 2011 American Community Survey 5 Year Estimates DP03 Exeter town Rockingham County New Hampshire U S Census Bureau American Factfinder Archived from the original on February 12 2020 Retrieved March 4 2013 Who s My New Hampshire State Senator The New Hampshire General Court Retrieved September 23 2023 New Hampshire House Members The New Hampshire General Court a b NH SOS 2020 Election Information History Sig Sauer Archived from the original on January 13 2010 Retrieved July 18 2014 Contact Us FAQ BAUER www bauer com Further reading editCross Grained amp Wiley Waters A Guide to the Piscataqua Maritime Region Jeffrey W Bolster Editor Peter Randall Publisher Portsmouth 2001 Exeter New Hampshire 1888 1988 Nancy C Merrill Peter E Randall Publisher Exeter NH 1988 History of Exeter New Hampshire Charles H Bell Exeter NH 1888 Reprinted by Heritage Books 1990 Images of America Exeter Carol Walker Aten Arcadia Publishers Dover NH 1996 reprint 1998 Ports of Piscataqua Soundings in the Maritime History of the Portsmouth N H Customs District from the Days of Queen Elizabeth and the Planting of Strawberry Banke to the Times of Abraham Lincoln and the Waning of the American Clipper William Gurdon Saltonstall Harvard University Press Cambridge 1941 Postcards from Exeter Carol Walker Aten Arcadia Publishers Dover NH 2003 The Exeter Squamscott River of Many Uses Olive Tardiff Peter E Randall Publisher Exeter NH 1986 2004External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Exeter New Hampshire nbsp Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Exeter New Hampshire nbsp Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopaedia article about Exeter New Hampshire Official website Exeter Historical Society SAU 16 Exeter Area School District Exeter Public Library Archived 2021 11 04 at the Wayback Machine New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile Exeter LitFest Literary Trail Walking Maps Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Exeter New Hampshire amp oldid 1216107375, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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