fbpx
Wikipedia

Kuching

April 27, 2023

This article is about the city in Sarawak, Malaysia. For the administrative division, see Kuching Division. For the administrative district, see Kuching District. For the federal constituency represented in the Dewan Rakyat, see Bandar Kuching (federal constituency). For other subset of the Kuching district, see Padawan municipality.

Kuching (/ˈkuːtʃɪŋ/), officially the City of Kuching,[6] is the capital and the most populous city in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia.[7] It is also the capital of Kuching Division. The city is on the Sarawak River at the southwest tip of the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo and covers an area of 431 km2 (166 sq mi) with a population about 165,642 in the Kuching North administrative region and 159,490 in the Kuching South administrative region[8][9][10]—a total of 325,132 people.[8]

Kuching
State capital city and district capital
City of Kuching
Bandar Raya Kuching
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawiکوچيڠ
 • Chinese古晋 (Simplified)
古晉 (Traditional)
Gǔ jìn (Hanyu Pinyin)
 • Tamilகூச்சிங்
Kūcciṅ (Transliteration)
From top, left to right:
Kuching skyline from Sarawak River, the Sarawak State Museum, Fort Margherita, The Astana, the Darul Hana bridge near State Assembly building, Chinatown, and iconic cat statues.
Commission of the City of Kuching North
Council of the City of Kuching South
Nickname(s): 
"Cat City",
Bandaraya Perpaduan (City of Unity)
Location of Kuching in Sarawak
Kuching
Kuching
Kuching
Kuching
Coordinates: 01°33′27″N 110°20′38″E / 1.55750°N 110.34389°E / 1.55750; 110.34389Coordinates: 01°33′27″N 110°20′38″E / 1.55750°N 110.34389°E / 1.55750; 110.34389
Country Malaysia
State Sarawak
DivisionKuching
DistrictKuching
Founded by the Sultanate of Brunei1827
Settled by James Brooke18 August 1842
Municipality status1 January 1953
City status1 August 1988
Government
 • TypeCity council
 • BodyCommission of Kuching North City Hall
Council of the City of Kuching South
 • Mayor of Kuching NorthJunaidi Reduan
 • Mayor of Kuching SouthWee Hong Seng
Area
[1]
 • City of Kuching450.02 km2 (173.75 sq mi)
 • Metro
2,770.90 km2 (1,069.85 sq mi)
 • Kuching North378.20 km2 (146.02 sq mi)
 • Kuching South71.82 km2 (27.73 sq mi)
Elevation
[2][3]
8 m (26 ft)
Highest elevation
[4]
810.2 m (2,658.1 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2021)[5]
 • City of Kuching402,738
 • Density754.33/km2 (1,953.7/sq mi)
 • Metro
723,854
 • Metro density336.8/km2 (872/sq mi)
 • Demonym
Kuchingite / Orang Kuching
 (Sourced from Department of Statistics Malaysia (DoSM), 2022)
Time zoneUTC+8 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+8 (Not observed)
Postal code
93xxx
Area code(s)082 (landline only)
Vehicle registrationQA and QK (for all vehicles except taxis)
HQ (for taxis only)
WebsiteKuching North: dbku.sarawak.gov.my
Kuching South: mbks.sarawak.gov.my

Kuching was the third capital of Sarawak in 1827 during the administration of the Bruneian Empire. In 1841, Kuching became the capital of the Kingdom of Sarawak after the territory in the area was ceded to James Brooke for helping the Bruneian empire in crushing a rebellion particularly by the interior Borneo dwelling Land Dayak people who later became his loyal followers after most of them were pardoned by him and joined his side. The town continued to receive attention and development during the rule of Charles Brooke such as the construction of a sanitation system, hospital, prison, fort, and a bazaar. In 1941, the Brooke administration had a Centenary Celebration in Kuching. During World War II, Kuching was occupied by Japanese forces from 1942 to 1945. The Japanese government set up a Batu Lintang camp near Kuching to hold prisoners of war and civilian internees. After the war, the town survived intact. However, the last Rajah of Sarawak, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke decided to cede Sarawak as part of British Crown Colony in 1946. Kuching remained as capital during the Crown Colony period. After the formation of Malaysia in 1963, Kuching retained its status as state capital and was granted city status in 1988. Since then, the Kuching city is divided into two administrative regions managed by two separate local authorities. The administrative centre of Sarawak state government is located at Wisma Bapa Malaysia, Kuching.

Kuching is a major food destination and is a member of UNESCO’s Creative Cities Network under the field of gastronomy.[11] Kuching is also the main gateway for travellers visiting Sarawak and Borneo.[12] Kuching Wetlands National Park is located about 30 km (19 mi) from the city and there are many other tourist attractions in and around Kuching such as Bako National Park, Semenggoh Wildlife Centre, Rainforest World Music Festival (RWMF), state assembly building, The Astana, Fort Margherita, Kuching Cat Museum, and Sarawak State Museum. The city has become one of the major industrial and commercial centres in East Malaysia.[13][14]

Etymology

The name "Kuching" was already in use for the city by the time Brooke arrived in 1839.[9][15] There are many theories as to the derivation of the name "Kuching". It was perhaps derived from the Malay word for cat, "kucing" or from Cochin, an Indian trading port on the Malabar Coast and a generic term in China and British India for trading harbour.[9] Some Hindu artefacts can be seen today at the Sarawak State Museum.[16] However, another source reported that the Kuching city was previously known as "Sarawak" before Brooke arrived. The settlement was renamed to "Sarawak proper" during the kingdom expansion. It was only in 1872 that Charles Brooke renamed the settlement to "Kuching".[16][17]

There was one unlikely theory based on a story on miscommunication. According to the story, James Brooke arrived in Kuching on his yacht Royalist. He then asked his local guide about the name of the town. The local guide mistakenly thought that Brooke was pointing towards a cat, and so had said the word "Kuching". However, ethnic Malays in Sarawak have always used the term "pusak" for cats (cognate with Filipino pusa), instead of the standard Malay word "kucing".[16] Despite this etymological discrepancy, Sarawakians have adopted the animal as a symbol of their city, and it features in statues as well as the municipal council's coat of arms - an example of heraldic canting.

Some source also stated that it was derived from a fruit called "mata kucing" (Euphoria malaiense),[note 1][note 2] a fruit that grows widely in Malaysia and Indonesia.[18] There was also a hill in the city that was named after the fruit, which is called Bukit Mata Kuching. Harriette McDougall writing to her son in the 19th century, stated that the name was derived from a stream of the same name, called "Sungai Kuching" or Cat River in English.[9][19] On page 64 of Bampfylde and Baring-Gould's 1909 'A History of Sarawak under its Two White Rajahs', it says: "Kuching, the capital of Sarawak, is so called from a small stream that runs through the town into the main river...." The stream was situated at the foot of Bukit Mata Kuching and in front of the Tua Pek Kong Temple. In the 1950s, the river became very shallow because of silt deposits in the river. The river was later filled to make way for roads.[16]

There is another theory that Kuching actually means "Ku" (古）- Old and "Ching"（井） - Well or "old well" (古井) in Chinese. During the Brooke administration, there was no water supply and water-borne diseases were common. In 1888, an epidemic broke out which later was known as "Great Cholera Epidemic". A well situated in the present day China Street in Main Bazaar helped to combat the disease by providing clean water supply. Due to increased demand for a water supply, the role of the well was later replaced by water treatment plant on the Bau Road.[16][20]

History

Further information: Sultanate of Sarawak
 
Kuching was later established as the seat of Brooke government under the management of James Brooke.

Sarawak was part of the Bruneian Empire since the reign of first Brunei sultanate, Sultan Muhammad Shah. Kuching was the third capital of Sarawak, founded in 1827 by the representative of the Sultan of Brunei, Pengiran Indera Mahkota.[21] Prior to the founding of Kuching, the two past capitals of Sarawak were Santubong, founded by Sultan Pengiran Tengah in 1599, and Lidah Tanah, founded by Datu Patinggi Ali in the early 1820s.[21]

Pengiran Raja Muda Hashimit later ceded the territory to a British adventurer, James Brooke as a reward for helping him to counter a rebellion.[22] The rebellion was crushed in November 1840, and on 24 September 1841, Brooke was appointed as the Governor of Sarawak with the title of Rajah.[22] It was not announced until 18 August 1842, following Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II's ratifying the governorship, and requiring Brooke to pay an annual sum of $2,500 to the Sultan.[22] Since that time, Kuching became the seat of the Brooke government.[23]

 
The Kuching state prison was situated beside the Square Tower building in 1896.
 
Children are pulled through the city's streets by a coolie, c. 1919.

The administration was later continued by his nephew, Charles Brooke. As an administrative capital, it became the centre of attention and development.[15] Improvements included a sanitation system.[15] By 1874, the city had completed several developments, including construction of a hospital, prison, Fort Margherita, and many other buildings.[15]

Charles Brooke's wife, in her memoir (My Life in Sarawak), included this description of Kuching:

The little town looked so neat and fresh and prosperous under the careful jurisdiction of the Rajah and his officers, that it reminded me of a box of painted toys kept scrupulously clean by a child. The Bazaar runs for some distance along the banks of river, and this quarter of the town is inhabited almost entirely by Chinese traders, with the exception of one or two Hindoo shops....Groceries of exotic kinds are laid out on tables near the pavement, from which the purchasers make their choice. At the Hindoo shops you can buy silks from India, sarongs from Java, tea from China and tiles and porcelain from all parts of the world, laid out in picturesque confusion, and overflowing into the street.[15][24]

— Margaret Brooke, wife of Charles Brooke.

The Astana (Palace), which is now the official residence of the governor of Sarawak, was constructed next to Brooke's first residence. He had it built in 1869 as a wedding gift to his wife.[25][26] Kuching continued to prosper under Charles Vyner Brooke, who succeeded his father as the Third Rajah of Sarawak.[22] In 1941, Kuching was the site of the Brooke Government Centenary Celebration.[27] A few months later, the Brooke administration came to a close when the Japanese occupied Sarawak.[22]

 
A street scene of Kuching town shortly after the surrender of Japan, image taken on 12 September 1945.
 
A piece of Japanese propaganda in Jawi script found in the town after the capturing of the town by the Australian forces.

During the Second World War, six platoons of infantry from 2/15 Punjab Regiment were stationed at Kuching in April 1941.[28] The Regiment defended Kuching and Bukit Stabar airfield from being the destroyed by the Japanese.[28] Defence was mainly concentrated on Kuching and Miri.[28] However, on 24 December 1941, Kuching was conquered by the Japanese forces. Sarawak was ruled as part of the Japanese Empire for three years and eight months, until the official Japanese surrender on 11 September 1945. The official surrender was signed on HMAS Kapunda at Kuching.[29][30][31] From March 1942, the Japanese operated the Batu Lintang camp, for POWs and civilian internees, 5 km (3.1 mi) outside Kuching.[32]

After the end of World War II, the town survived and was wholly undamaged.[33] The third and last Rajah, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke later ceded Sarawak to the British Crown on 1 July 1946.[34][35] During the Crown Colony period, the government worked to develop and improve the infrastructure on Sarawak.[30] Kuching was revitalised as the capital of Sarawak under the British colonial government.[36] When Sarawak, together with North Borneo, Singapore and the Federation of Malaya, formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963,[37] Kuching kept its status as the state capital and was granted a city status on 1 August 1988.[38][39] Kuching experienced further development throughout the years as the state capital. On 29 July 2015, Kuching was declared as "City of Unity" by One Malaysia Foundation for racial harmony that existed in the city because of cross-racial marriages, multi-racial schools, fair scholarship distributions, and balanced workforce patterns.[40][41]

Governance

 
Local authorities comprising Greater Kuching with a total area of 2030.94 square kilometres:
  Kuching North City Hall (DBKU)
  Kuching South City Council (MBKS)
  Padawan Municipal Council (MPP)
  Kota Samarahan Municipal Council (MPKS, formerly MDS)

As a capital of Sarawak, Kuching plays an important role in the political and economic welfare of the population of the entire state as it became the seat of the state government where almost all of their ministries and agencies are based. The Sarawak State Legislative Assembly is located in a suburb, Petra Jaya.

There are 5 Members of Parliament (MPs) representing the five parliamentary constituencies and twelve state legislative assemblymen in the state legislature representing twelve state constituencies in Kuching district.

Parliamentary Constituencies State Constituencies
P.193 Santubong N.3 Tanjung Datu (within Lundu district), N.4 Pantai Damai, N.5 Demak Laut
P.194 Petra Jaya N.6 Tupong, N.7 Samariang, N.8 Satok
P.195 Bandar Kuching N.9 Padungan, N.10 Pending, N.11 Batu Lintang
P.196 Stampin N.12 Kota Sentosa, N.13 Batu Kitang, N.14 Batu Kawah
P.198 Puncak Borneo N.18 Serembu (within Bau district), N.19 Mambong, N.20 Tarat (within Serian Division)

Local authority and city definition

Kuching is the only city in Malaysia to be administered by two mayors;[21] the city is divided into Kuching North and Kuching South.[42] Each of these is administered by a mayor for Kuching South and commissioner for Kuching North.[14] The current commissioner for Kuching North is Datu Junaidi Reduan, who took over from Datuk Haji Abang Abdul Wahab Abang Julai on 31 August 2019 while Datuk Wee Hong Seng became the new Mayor for the Kuching South in 2019, succeeding Dato' James Chan Khay Syn.[43] The city obtained a city status on 1 August 1988,[38] and since that it was administered by Kuching North City Hall (DBKU) and Kuching South City Council (MBKS).

The city is defined within the borders of what is the Kuching District. With an area of 1,868.83 square kilometres, it is the most populous district in Sarawak.[44] The area then subdivided into two sub-districts, namely Kuching Proper and Padawan. Kuching Proper included the city area and northern part of Padawan municipality (e.g. Batu Kawah, Matang Jaya), while Padawan[note 3] sub-district (southern part of Padawan municipality) included Kota Padawan, Teng Bukap and Borneo Highlands (Mambong). The combined area of Kuching North City Hall, Kuching South City Council, Padawan Municipal Council, and the Kota Samarahan Municipal Council is known as Greater Kuching.[1][45]

Geography

 
Panorama of Kuching City.

Kuching is located on the banks of the Sarawak River in the northwestern part of the island of Borneo.[46] The limits of the City of Kuching include all that area in Kuching District containing an area approximately 431.01 km2 (166.41 sq mi) bounded from Gunung Lasak (Mount Lasak) in Muara Tebas to Batu Buaya (Crocodile Rock) in the Santubong peninsula following a series of survey marks as stated in the First Schedule of the City of Kuching Ordinance, 1988.[6] As a simplification of the legal statute, the Kuching city limits extend from the Kuching International Airport in the south to the northern coast of the Santubong and Bako peninsulas; from the Kuching Wetlands National Park in the west to the Kuap River estuary in the east.[6] The Sarawak River generally splits the city into North and South. The highest point in the city is Mount Santubong on the Santubong peninsula, which is at 810.2 m (2,658 ft) above sea level, located 35 km north of the city centre.[4] Rapid urbanisation has occurred in Greater Kuching and the urban sprawl extends to Penrissen, Kota Sentosa, Kota Padawan, Batu Kawah, Matang, Samariang, Siburan, Tarat, Kota Samarahan, Asajaya as well as Serian which is located about 65 km from Kuching.

Climate

Kuching has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af), moderately hot but very humid at times and receives substantial rainfall.[47] The average annual rainfall is approximately 4,200 mm (170 in).[48] Kuching is the wettest populated area (on average) in Malaysia with an average of 247 rainy days per year. Kuching receives only 5 hours of sunshine per day on average and an average of only 3.7 hours of sunshine per day in the month of January (wettest month of the year).[49] The wettest times are during the North-East Monsoon months of November to February and the city's driest months are June through August. The temperature in Kuching ranges from 19 °C (66 °F) to 36 °C (97 °F) but the average temperature is around 23 °C (73 °F) in the early hours of the morning and rises to around 33 °C (91 °F) during mid afternoon.[50] This temperature stays almost constant throughout the year if it is not affected by the heavy rain and strong winds during the early hours of the morning which can bring the temperature down to 19 °C (66 °F), but this is very rare.[47]

Climate data for Kuching (1981–2010, extremes 1876–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 34.6
(94.3) 		34.7
(94.5) 		35.2
(95.4) 		36.1
(97.0) 		36.0
(96.8) 		35.6
(96.1) 		36.1
(97.0) 		36.4
(97.5) 		36.5
(97.7) 		35.2
(95.4) 		34.8
(94.6) 		34.7
(94.5) 		36.5
(97.7)
Average high °C (°F) 29.7
(85.5) 		30.2
(86.4) 		31.2
(88.2) 		32.2
(90.0) 		32.6
(90.7) 		32.6
(90.7) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.5
(90.5) 		31.9
(89.4) 		31.8
(89.2) 		31.5
(88.7) 		30.6
(87.1) 		31.6
(88.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.6
(78.1) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.6
(79.9) 		27.0
(80.6) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.1
(79.0) 		25.9
(78.6) 		25.7
(78.3) 		26.3
(79.3)
Average low °C (°F) 23.1
(73.6) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		23.0
(73.4) 		23.2
(73.8)
Record low °C (°F) 17.8
(64.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		18.3
(64.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.6
(69.1) 		18.9
(66.0) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		20.5
(68.9) 		20.0
(68.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		17.8
(64.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 701
(27.6) 		457
(18.0) 		351
(13.8) 		277
(10.9) 		246
(9.7) 		224
(8.8) 		206
(8.1) 		243
(9.6) 		260
(10.2) 		339
(13.3) 		361
(14.2) 		500
(19.7) 		4,165
(163.9)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 25 19 21 20 19 17 16 16 19 23 24 25 244
Average relative humidity (%) 89 88 86 86 86 84 83 83 85 86 88 89 86
Mean monthly sunshine hours 126 137 149 154 156 159 165 163 158 152 149 136 1,804
Source 1: Ogimet[51]
Source 2: NOAA[52] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows),[53] Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1975–1985)[54]

Demography

The terms "Kuchingite" have been used to describe the people of Kuching, although it is not official.[25] However, the simplest way to call the people of Kuching is only by "orang Kuching", which means "people of Kuching" in English.

Ethnicity

In early 2022, Department of Statistics Malaysia (DoSM) reports that Kuching has a total population of 402,738. The city population (North Kuching, South Kuching, and Padawan) consists of Malays (146,067), Chinese (138,620), Iban (82,743), Bidayuh (20,065), Non-Malaysian citizens (5,048), other Sarawak Bumiputras (Orang Ulu) (4,076), Melanau (1,840), Indian (3,257) and others (1,022).[55] The Chinese are made up of Hokkien in the city areas and Hakka in the suburbs mainly.[56] Other Chinese subgroups consist of Foochow, Hainanese, Teochew, Cantonese, and Henghua.

The Iban, Bidayuh, Dayak and Orang Ulu are mainly Christians, with some practising Animism, while the Chinese practise either Buddhism, Taoism or Christianity while the most of the Malays and Melanau are Muslim. A number of Hindus, Sikhs and a small number of secularists also exist around the city.

There is a sizeable number of non-citizens, who mostly come from the bordering Indonesian region of Kalimantan, most of whom are migrant workers.[57][58] Since the British period, a small population of South Asian especially Pakistanis have exist around the city by running their business mainly in selling clothes and spices.[59] Other migrants who came during the time included Bugis from the Dutch East Indies and other races from the neighbour Dutch Borneo.[60] Interracial marriages among those of different ethnic backgrounds are common in Kuching, and the city itself is a home to 30 different ethnic groups.[61][62]

  • Religious sites in Kuching
  •  

    St. Joseph Cathedral, Kuching

  •  

    Kuching mosque at dusk

  •  

    Hong San Si Temple, Kuching

Languages

See also: Sarawak Malay

Beside being the capital city of Sarawak, Kuching became a business and cultural centre for the Malays of Sarawak.[63] The dialect of Malay spoken in Kuching is known as Bahasa Sarawak (Sarawakian Malay Language), which is a subset of the Malay language.[64] The dialect used in Kuching is a little different from the dialect used in Miri.[64] Since the second largest population in the city is made up of Han Chinese, the Chinese language is also commonly used, particularly Hokkien, Hakka, and Mandarin Chinese.[65] Almost all residents are able to speak English.[66] A number of special private schools that teach English for expatriate children can be found through the city.[67]

Economy

 
Kuching as the commercial centre of Sarawak.

Kuching is one of the main industrial and commercial centres for Sarawak. Many state-level, national-level, and international commercial banks, as well as some insurance companies establish their headquarters and branches here. The economy is dominated by the primary sector and currently by the tertiary-based industry as the state government wants to aim Sarawak to be transformed into a developed state by 2020.[14][68][69]

There are 3 industrial areas in Kuching, namely Pending Industrial Estate (Mixed and Light Industries), Demak Laut Industrial Park (Mixed, Light, and Medium Industries), and Sama Jaya Free Industrial Zone (Hi-Tech and electronics industry).[70] This is intended to boost the city's commercial and industrial activity to making it a major growth centre in East Malaysia, as well for the BIMP-EAGA (Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area).[69] Kuching hosted numerous national, regional and international conferences, congress, and trade fairs, such as the Malaysia Global Business Forum,[71] Tomorrow's Leaders Summit,[72] International Hydropower Association (IHA) World Congress,[73] ASEAN Tourism Forum,[74] and Routes Asia Conference.[75] Besides, Kuching was chosen as a permanent host for the biennial Asean International Film Festival and Awards (AIFFA).[76] These events are normally held at the Borneo Convention Centre.

Kuching Port Authority (KPA), established in 1961, started its operation at Tanah Puteh Port (Sim Kheng Hong Port) in 1975 with annual capacity of 350,000 tonnes. Its operations has since been shifted to Pending and Senari terminals with annual capacity of 2.9 million tonnes and 7 million tonnes respectively. KPA also controls Biawak Oil Jetty that handles petroleum products.[77][78][79]

Historically, the Chinese have contributed to the city economy since their migration during the Brunei Sultanate period after the discovery of antimony ore and also during the Charles Vyner Brooke administration who encouraged the migration of the overseas Chinese to planting black pepper.[9]

Transport

Land

 
The city highway.
 
New asphalt road connecting the rural areas with the city.

Roads in the city are under the jurisdiction and maintenance of either the two local councils, i.e. DBKU (Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara) and MBKS (Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan), or the state's Public Works Department. Roads of the latter category are either state roads or federal roads.

Most major internal roads are dual-carriageways and the city is linked by roads to other towns in Sarawak. These roads are mainly federal roads maintained by the national Public Works Department. The city also famous for a number of roundabouts including the oldest and largest one, known as Datuk Abang Kipali Bin Abang Akip Roundabout.[80] The roundabout are usually landscaped and were efficient to handling traffic congestion.[80][81] However, traffic lights are more commonly used now as the city traffic continues to rise.

As the city is located near the equator, potholes have the tendency to develop on the roads during the monsoon season, usually at the end of the year due to coinciding with winter in the Northern Hemisphere. Roads leading outside of the city to the interior are of a slightly lower quality but are now being upgraded.[82] Highway routes from Kuching include:

Public transport

Taxis
 
The main taxis in the city are painted in red and yellow.

There are two types of taxi operating in the city, the main taxi is the red and yellow while the larger is painted in blue, which is more comfortable but expensive known as the "executive taxis".[83] In 2014, a smartphone taxi booking application named "GrabTaxi" was launched and making the city as the fifth area after Klang Valley, Cyberjaya, Putrajaya, and Johor Bahru that have the applications.[84]

Buses
Main article: Transportation in Sarawak § Kuching, Samarahan bus route
Bus Express
Main article: Transportation in Sarawak
Operating Route Operator
Kuching-Serian-Sarikei-Sibu-Bintulu-Miri Bintang Jaya, MTC, Sungei Merah, EVA Express, BusAsia, Freesia
Kuching-Kapit BusAsia
Local Bus
Route No. Operating Route Operator Remark
AEON AEON Kuching[85] CPL Waterfront, Riverside Majestic, Sarawak General Hospital
1 Kuching-Bako BusAsia Bako National Park
1&6A Kuching-Bako-Muara Tebas BusAsia Bako National Park
2 Kuching-Bau Bau Transport Co.
B2 Kuching-Bau CPL
3A Kuching-Serian CPL
3AB Wisma Bapa Malaysia, Kuching-Samarahan-Serian BusAsia
3AC Open Air Market, Kuching-Serian BusAsia
K5 Kuching-BDR, Baru Samariang CPL Kuching North City Hall, Kuching Cat Museum
K6 Kuching-Semenggoh CPL
K7 Kuching-Taman Malihah CPL
K8 Kuching-Tabuan Jaya, Stutong CPL BDC, The Indonesian Consulate General in Kuching
K10 Kuching-Kota Samarahan CPL Boulevard, Kuching Sentral, Kota Sentosa
10A Kuching-Kota Samarahan BusAsia Boulevard, Kuching Airport, Kuching Sentral, Kota Sentosa
10AC Kuching-Kota Samarahan BusAsia
K11 Kuching-Tabuan Dayak CPL Kenyalang, King Center
K12 Kuching-Kota Samarahan-Asajaya-Sadong Jaya CPL
K18 Kuching-Batu Kawa, MJC, Desa Wira CPL RPR Batu Kawa
K21 Kuching-Politeknik CPL Kubah National Park, Kubah Ria, Matang
K26 Kuching-Batu Kawa-Bau-Lundu-Sematan CPL
101 Damai Loop Sarawak Metro
101 Downtown Heritage Loop Sarawak Metro Jalan Satok
103 Sarawak State Legislative (DUN) - Semenggoh Wildlife Center (Orangutan)

Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak (DUN) - Pusat Hidupan Liar Semenggoh Orangutan 砂拉越州立法議會- 實蒙谷人猿猩猩野生動物中心 [86]

 Kuching Metro Kuching North City Hall, Kuching Cat Museum
Local Bus or Bus Express remain unclear
Main article: Transportation in Sarawak
Route No. Operating Route Operator Remark
K25 Kuching-Sri Aman CPL


The main bus terminal is the Kuching Sentral, which just launched in 2012.[87] It is located in the south of the city, about 5 minutes away from the Kuching International Airport and 20 minutes from the city centre.[88] The terminal serves a long-distance destination to Brunei, Sabah, and West Kalimantan in Indonesia.[89] Another bus terminal is the Old Kuching Bus Terminal, it is still operating as some of the bus companies that supposed to use the new terminal are unwilling to use the facilities due to some ongoing disagreement.[90] Other minibuses or vans services also available in the city.

Water

 
A traditional roofed wooden sampan, the main water transport in Kuching.

Kuching, like most towns in Sarawak, has connections to other urban centres and settlements by water transport. Between the banks of the Sarawak River, near the city centre, many 'tambang' (traditional roofed wooden sampan) can be seen carrying passengers from one riverbank to another.[42][91] For those staying along the river banks, it is a short way to getting to the city-proper. The wharf for express boats servicing transport to further areas such as Sibu and Bintulu, is located in the east of the city at the Sim Kheng Hong Port (formerly known as the Tanah Puteh Port) in Pending.[92][93]

Air

Kuching International Airport (KCH) (ICAO Code : WBGG) is the main gateway for air passengers. The airport's history dates back to the 1940s and today the airport has undergoing many major redevelopment.[94] The airport terminal is listed as the fourth busiest airport in Malaysia according to total passenger movements in 2013.[95] Since 2009, the airport has grown rapidly with an increasing number of passengers and aircraft movement. It is the secondary hub for Malaysia Airlines[96] and AirAsia[97] while became the third hub for MASWings,[98] which serves flights to smaller towns and rural areas in East Malaysia.

Other utilities

Courts of law and legal enforcement

The current court complex is located in Petra Jaya.[99][100] It contains the High Court, Sessions Court, and the Magistrate Court.[101] Another courts of Syariah and native were also located in the city.[102][103] The Sarawak Police Contingent Headquarters is located in Badruddin Street.[104] There is only one district headquarters in the city, which is the Kuching District police headquarters located in Simpang Tiga Road.[105][106] Kuching Prison Complex is located in Puncak Borneo Street.[107] Temporary lock-ups or prison cells are found in most police stations around the city.

Healthcare

See also: List of hospitals in Malaysia
 
The Sarawak General Hospital.

There are many types of health services in the city, such as the main public hospitals, public health clinics, other type of health clinics, mobile clinic, flying doctor service, village clinics, and 1Malaysia clinic.[108] The main hospital is the Sarawak General Hospital which is the oldest hospital since 1923. Another hospital is Rajah Charles Brooke Memorial Hospital.[109] Hospital Sentosa (Sentosa Mental Hospital), opened in 1958, provides psychiatric services for the entire state and known as the second oldest hospital in Sarawak after the main hospital.[110]

Normah Medical Specialist Centre in Petra Jaya is the largest private hospital with (130 beds) in Sarawak.[111] In addition, three other large private health facilities are Borneo Medical Centre with (120 beds),[112] Timberland Medical Centre with (100 beds),[113] and KPJ Healthcare with (75 beds).[114] Kuching Specialist Hospital located in BDC was scheduled to open its operation to the public in 2020, with a 70-bed capacity.

Education

See also: List of schools in Sarawak

In the city, all schools under the National Education System (government education institution category), are managed by the Kuching Combined Education Office (Pejabat Pelajaran Gabungan Kuching). There are many government or state schools in and around the city. Like other Malaysian schools, schools in the city are divided into four levels of education — pre-school, primary, secondary (lower and upper) and post-secondary (excluding tertiary). Among the well-established and prestigious boarding schools in the city is Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching, which is located at Batu Kawa and Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching Utara, which is located at Matang Jaya.[115] Other government secondary schools including some of the oldest and well known are SMK St. Joseph, SMK St. Thomas, SMK St. Teresa and SMK St. Mary as well as others like SMK Greenroad, Kolej Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Abdillah, SMK Tun Abang Haji Openg, SMK Batu Lintang, and SMK Padungan.[115] Kuching has 4 out of 14 Chinese independent schools in Sarawak. These are Chung Hua Middle School No. 1 (古晋中华第一中学), Chung Hua Middle School No. 3 (古晋中华第三中学), Chung Hua Middle School No. 4 (古晋中华第四中学) and Batu Kawa Min Lit secondary school (石角民立中学).[116] There are also two international schools in Kuching namely Tunku Putra International School[117] and Lodge International School.[118] Other private schools in Kuching are Sunny Hill School[119] and St Joseph Private Schools.[120]

There are currently no public university campuses in Kuching, apart from the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences building situated next to the Sarawak General Hospital. The Sarawak state government moved the last remaining public university campus (Universiti Teknologi MARA) from Kuching to Kota Samarahan in 1997 in a long-term initiative to transform Kota Samarahan into an education hub.[121] Kuching is home to three private universities: the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, the only branch campus of Swinburne University of Technology outside Australia; Executive College; and UCSI University, Sarawak Campus which houses the Faculty of Hospitality and Management. A polytechnic and community college, both known as Politeknik Kuching Sarawak and Kolej Komuniti Kuching are also located in the city.

Other private colleges can be found through the city with most of the colleges are subsidiaries from universities and university colleges established in West Malaysia, such as SEGi College, Sarawak, Sunway College Kuching, Limkokwing Borneo, PTPL Sarawak, Wawasan Open University, Open University Malaysia, and Twintech College Sarawak. There are private institutions conducting franchised programmes from full-fledged universities (apart from running their own courses) such as SATT College (conducting franchised programmes from Universiti Teknologi MARA) and the Institute of Dynamic Management, Sarawak (conducting franchised programmes from Universiti Tun Abdul Razak). The International College of Advanced Technology Sarawak or ICATS is an institution created as the state government's initiative to enhance technical and vocational training education among school leavers.[122] The college was established from the former INTI College Sarawak facilities.[123] Operated by a state-owned subsidiary, ICATS focuses on producing human capital for the hi-tech sector, especially for the development of the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy.[124]

Libraries

 
The Sarawak State Library.

The Sarawak State Library is the major information resource centre and provides information services for the public and private sectors.[125] The library serves Kuching and its outskirts as the main depository of public records. In addition, it administers, monitors, and facilitates the operations of 36 village libraries in the state funded by the National Library of Malaysia.[126]

Other public libraries in Kuching include the DBKU City Library[127] and village libraries such as in Bandar Baru Samariang, Kampung Samariang Lama, and Taman Sepakat Jaya.

Culture and leisure

Attractions and recreation spots

Cultural

 
The Sarawak State Museum building was built by Rajah Charles Brooke in 1891 and designed based on the architecture of a Normandy town hall.[128]

Kuching maintains several museums showcasing its culture and history. The Sarawak State Museum, is one of the finest museums in Asia and known as Kuching's oldest and most historical building, which exhibits collections of the indigenous races in Sarawak.[129][130][131] Directly opposite the Sarawak Museum is the Borneo Cultures Museum which replaced the Tun Abdul Razak Hall. The Borneo Cultures Museum (opened on 9th March 2022) is a modern five-storey building with a distinctive architectural design that reflects Sarawak’s unique traditional crafts and rich cultural heritage.[132] While located right behind the Borneo Cultures Museum is the Islamic Heritage Museum.

Other museums in Kuching include the Chinese History Museum, Kuching Cat Museum, Sarawak Timber Museum and Textile Museum Sarawak. Kuching is also home to the first ever planetarium in Malaysia,[133] the Sultan Iskandar Planetarium which adjacent to the Kuching Civic Centre.

Historical

 
The Astana, one of the historical landmarks in the city.

Interesting historical landmarks and sites of Kuching include The Astana (the former palace of the White Rajahs and currently the official residence of the Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak), and Fort Margherita.

The oldest street of Kuching is the Main Bazaar, a row of 19th century Chinese shophouses located along the Kuching Waterfront overlooking the Sarawak River. It offers the city's best concentration of antique and handicraft shops. The Main Bazaar is part of Kuching's old town, which also includes the Carpenter Street and India Street.[134] The old Courthouse building, which sits in between Carpenter Street and India Street, has undergone major renovation and now houses the Sarawak Tourism Board complex.[135] Some other interesting areas around the central business district include Padungan Street, which is the Chinatown of Kuching.[136] In 2014, calls for the Historic Monuments of Kuching's inclusion in the world heritage list were made public.[137] In 2017, a study was conducted on the possibility of Kuching to be nominated in the world heritage list.[138]

 
Darul Hana Bridge at night

Leisure and conservation areas

A number of leisure spots and conservation areas can be found in Kuching. The Talang-Satang National Park was established with the primary aim of conserving Sarawak's marine turtle population.[139] It covers a total area of approximately 19,400 hectares (47,938 acres), and comprises all lands below the high tide marks on the respective islands.[140] The park also comprises the coastline and sea surrounding four islands of the southwest coast of Sarawak; Talang Besar, Talang Kecil off Sematan, and Satang Besar and Satang Kecil off Santubong, near Kuching.[139] These four "Turtle Islands" are responsible for 95% of all the turtle landings in Sarawak and the park also includes the Tukong Ara-Banun Island Wildlife Sanctuary, two tiny islets which are important nesting sites for colonies of bridled terns and black-naped terns.[140]

Damai, one of Sarawak's main beach resort area, is located on the Santubong Peninsula, about 35 minutes drive from Kuching.[141] The area has sandy beaches at the foot of an imposing jungle-covered mountain. Damai features three world-class resort hotels such as the Damai Beach Resort, Damai Puri Resort and Spa and One Hotel Santubong.[142] Each resort has their own private beach, swimming pool and offers jet-skiing, waterskiing, windsurfing, mountain biking, tennis, squash and fitness centres. There is also an international standard 18-hole golf course designed by the legendary Arnold Palmer located nearby.[143] Other attractions include the Damai Central, Permai Rainforest Resort, Sarawak Cultural Village and the sleepy fishing villages of Santubong and Buntal with their excellent seafood restaurants.[141] While for visitors who like adventurous activities, there is a trekking activity on Mount Santubong.[142]

Aside from that, Damai is also one of the places in Sarawak to see the Irrawaddy dolphin as the mammals can be spotted along the Salak River, Santubong estuary and at the Bako-Buntal Bay.[144] The Santubong Peninsula offers a few sites for bird watching with the BirdLife International Organisation has registered the whole area on Bako-Buntal Bay as an 'Important Bird Area'.[42] Between October and March, the Buntal River becomes an important wintering ground for bird migration.[42] Birds which have been spotted by the Malaysian Nature Society (Kuching Branch) at Buntal include a variety of plovers, sandpipers, egrets, terns, and other rare migrants, while resident birds include collared kingfisher, the white-bellied sea eagle, and brahminy kite.[145]

National parks in Kuching include the Bako National Park[146] and the Kuching Wetlands National Park[147] as well as the Semenggoh Wildlife Centre which operates an orangutan orphanage and rehabilitation program.[148] Also available near Kuching are the Gunung Gading National Park[149] and the Kubah National Park.[150] Located about 40-minutes drive from Kuching is Santubong, a prominent beach resort area home to numerous world-class beach resorts. Other beaches near Kuching are the Lundu Beach and the Sematan Beach.[151] The Borneo Highlands Resort is also nearby, located 1000-metres above sea level.[152]

Other sights

 
Former Madrasah Melayu Kuching (which is now as Islamic Heritage Museum).

The Kuching Waterfront is a 2 kilometre long riverside esplanade stretching from the main hotel and commercial heartland of the city to downtown Kuching.[153] Designed by Sydney architects,[153] the waterfront landscaped is served with food stalls, restaurants, benches and offers an excellent views of the Astana, Fort Margherita, and the New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building.[21] The waterfront also features an observation tower, an open-air theatre and musical fountains.[21]

The Kuching Orangutan Murals are vital images of a wheelbarrow filled with eight young orangutans and another baby orangutan swinging from a pipe. It was painted by Ernest Zacharevic along Power Street in the city on 27 April 2014. This latest mural is painted in Zacharevic's usual interactive style, with an actual wheelbarrow sliced into half and secured to the wall to enable the public to take selfies while holding onto the handle. On the other hand, the baby orangutan was painted over a nail on the wall, where people can 'place' items in its hand.[154]

Shopping

See also: List of shopping malls in Malaysia

Kuching features a number of shopping malls. These include VivaCity Megamall, Aeon Mall Kuching Central, The Spring, Plaza Merdeka, Farley Mall, CityONE Megamall, Kuching Sentral, Emart Lee Ling, Emart Batu Kawa, Emart Tabuan Jaya, Eco Mall, MetroMall, Aeroville Mall, Eastern Mall, Matang Mall, Sarawak Plaza, Riverside Shopping Complex, Majma' Mall, Moyan Square, Genesis Parade, Green Heights Mall, Wisma Saberkas, and many more.[14] More shopping malls are set to open in the city as construction continues.[14] The Satok Weekend Market is located at Medan Niaga Satok and operated in Saturdays and Sundays. A varieties of vegetables and fruits can be found there including other handicrafts, forest produce (such as wild honey), orchid plants, and a whole range of local snacks and delicacies.[155]

Entertainment

See also: List of cinemas in Malaysia
 
A puppet show in Kuching, c. 1919.

There are five cinemas located around the city, most of them located inside shopping malls buildings (The Spring, CityONE, VivaCity, Riverside, Summer Mall). Most of the cinemas are owned by either Golden Screen Cinemas, MBO Cinemas, Lotus Five Star and TGV Cinemas.[156] Bookaroo, a children's literature festival, travelled from India to Kuching since 2016 and takes place in April on the city every year to featuring the Bookaroo Kuching Fest. The festival invites authors, illustrators, storytellers, and performers from all over the world, urging children to bring books with them.[157][158]

Music

Since 1997, Kuching has been host to the Rainforest World Music Festival (RWMF), an annual music festival which brings performers and spectators to the region from all over the world. Hosted by the Sarawak Cultural Village near the Mount Santubong, the festival is now one of the largest musical events in Malaysia.[159][160][161] RWMF had been voted as Top 25 Best International Festivals by the British-based magazine Songlines.[162]

Radio stations

Music radio station set up in Sarawak is Radio Klasik FM (87.6), Nasional FM (88.1), Sarawak FM (88.9), TraXX FM (89.9), Ai FM (90.7), Cats FM (99.3), Hot FM (94.3), Hitz (95.3), Era (96.1), My (96.9), Mix (97.7), One FM (98.3), Lite Sarawak (100.1), Bernama Radio (100.9), Sinar (102.1) and Melody (103.7).

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia

Several countries have set up their consulates in Kuching, including Australia,[163] Brunei,[164] China,[165] Denmark,[166] France,[167] Indonesia,[168] Poland[169] and the United Kingdom.[170]

Sister cities

Kuching currently has ten sister cities:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b . Kuching North City Hall. Economic Planning Unit (Prime Minister's Department Malaysia). Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  2. ^ . World Climate. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  3. ^ . Flood Map : Water Level Elevation Map. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  4. ^ a b Kit, Lee Yu (20 January 2007). "Scaling Santubong". The Star (Malaysia). Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  5. ^ "Malaysia Population 2019". World Population Review. 4 February 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  6. ^ a b c "City of Kuching Ordinance" (PDF). Sarawak State Attorney-General's Chambers. 1988. p. 3 (Chapter 48).
  7. ^ The Report: Sarawak 2011. Oxford Business Group. 2011. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-907065-47-7. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  8. ^ a b (PDF). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  9. ^ a b c d e Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; Sharon La Boda (January 1996). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. Taylor & Francis. pp. 497–498. ISBN 978-1-884964-04-6.
  10. ^ Christina Umpi (2011). (PDF). Faculty of Engineering. Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  11. ^ "Kuching | Creative Cities Network". en.unesco.org. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  12. ^ John Brunton (21 January 2017). . The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  13. ^ Raymond Frederick Watters; T. G. McGee (1997). Asia-Pacific: New Geographies of the Pacific Rim. Hurst & Company. pp. 311–. ISBN 978-1-85065-321-9.
  14. ^ a b c d e The Report: Sarawak 2008. Oxford Business Group. 2008. pp. 30, 56, 69 & 136. ISBN 978-1-902339-95-5.
  15. ^ a b c d e Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger (12 November 2012). Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places. Routledge. pp. 866–. ISBN 978-1-136-63979-1. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  16. ^ a b c d e . Asia Tourism Alliance. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  17. ^ Rowthorn C, Cohen M, Williams C. (2008). In Borneo. Ediz. Inglese 16 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Lonely Planet. p. 162. Google Book Search. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  18. ^ Paulo Alcazaren (17 September 2011). . The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  19. ^ Sarawak Museum (1993). A brief history of Kuching. Sarawak Museum.
  20. ^ Francis Chan, The Borneo Post, 1 September 2013
  21. ^ a b c d e Pat Foh Chang (1999). Legends and History of Sarawak. Chang Pat Foh. ISBN 978-983-9475-06-7. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  22. ^ a b c d e Faisal S. Hazis; Mohd. Faisal Syam Abdol Hazis (2012). Domination and Contestation: Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 5–25–26–29. ISBN 978-981-4311-58-8. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  23. ^ Borneo. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. 2008. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-1-74059-105-8. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  24. ^ Margaret Brooke (1913). My Life in Sarawak. Methuen & Company, Limited. p. 62.
  25. ^ a b Charles De Ledesma; Mark Lewis; Pauline Savage (2003). Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Rough Guides. pp. 414–. ISBN 978-1-84353-094-7. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  26. ^ Patricia Hului (16 September 2014). . The Borneo Post Seeds. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  27. ^ Steven Runciman (3 February 2011). The White Rajah: A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946. Cambridge University Press. pp. 248–. ISBN 978-0-521-12899-5. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  28. ^ a b c Patricia Pui Huen Lim; Diana Wong (2000). War and Memory in Malaysia and Singapore. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 125–127. ISBN 978-981-230-037-9. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  29. ^ . Royal Australian Navy. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  30. ^ a b Keat Gin Ooi (1 January 2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to Timor. R-Z. volume three. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1177–. ISBN 978-1-57607-770-2. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  31. ^ Jackson (9 March 2006). British Empire and 2ND Ww (E). Continuum. pp. 445–. ISBN 978-0-8264-4049-5. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  32. ^ Keat Gin Ooi (1998). Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo, 1941 - 1945. Ohio Univ. Center for Internat. Studies. pp. 6–11. ISBN 978-0-89680-199-8.
  33. ^ Yvonne Byron (1995). In Place of the Forest; Environmental and Socio-Economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula. United Nations University Press. pp. 215–. ISBN 978-92-808-0893-3.
  34. ^ James Stuart Olson; Robert Shadle (1996). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire: A-J. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 200–. ISBN 978-0-313-29366-5. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  35. ^ Gerard A. Postiglione; Jason Tan (2007). Going to School in East Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 210–. ISBN 978-0-313-33633-1. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  36. ^ Pat Foh Chang (1999). Legends and history of Sarawak. Chang Pat Foh. ISBN 978-983-9475-07-4. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  37. ^ Boon Kheng Cheah (2002). Malaysia: The Making of a Nation. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-981-230-175-8. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  38. ^ a b "History". Council of the City of Kuching South. 14 May 2014. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  39. ^ Kuching: towards a new horizon. Kuching Municipal Council. 1988. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  40. ^ "Kuching to celebrate new status as 'City of Unity'". The Star (Malaysia). 31 July 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  41. ^ Blake, Chen (29 July 2015). . Free Malaysia Today. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  42. ^ a b c d Tamara Thiessen (2012). Borneo: Sabah - Brunei - Sarawak. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 244–246–266. ISBN 978-1-84162-390-0. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  43. ^ "CM: Wee Hong Seng appointed MBKS mayor, Junaidi Reduan new DBKU Datuk Bandar". The Borneo Post Online. 22 August 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  44. ^ (PDF). Sarawak Fact and Figures by State Planning Unit, Chief Minister's Department. Sarawak State Government. 2012. pp. 11/16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  45. ^ "Various Studies Aiming To Develop A Better Kuching (Greater Kuching Urban and Regional Study)". Shankland Cox Ltd. Sarawak State Government. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  46. ^ Alastair Morrison (1 January 1993). Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official. SEAP Publications. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-0-87727-712-5. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  47. ^ a b Thomas Cook. "Venture into Borneo" (PDF). Thomas Cook Tours. Retrieved 10 November 2013. Borneo has a typically equatorial climate, with temperatures fairly constant throughout the year. (page 17)
  48. ^ . WorldClimate. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2008.
  49. ^ . Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  50. ^ Doreena Dominick; Mohd Talib Latif; Hafizan Juahir; Ahmad Zaharin Aris; Sharifuddin M. Zain. (PDF). Department of Environmental Sciences (Universiti Putra Malaysia), Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics (Universiti Putra Malaysia), School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) and Department of Chemistry (Universiti Malaya). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
  51. ^ "CLIMAT summary for 96413: Kuching (Malaysia) – Section 2: Monthly Normals". CLIMAT monthly weather summaries. Ogimet. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  52. ^ "Kuching Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
  53. ^ "Station Kuching" (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
  54. ^ "Klimatafel von Kuching / Insel Borneo (Kalimantan) / Malaysia" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
  55. ^ (PDF). Statistics Department, Malaysia. December 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  56. ^ Southeast Asian Exports Since the 14th Century: Cloves, Pepper, Coffee, and Sugar. Institute of Southeast Asian. 1 January 1998. pp. 68–. ISBN 978-981-3055-67-4. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  57. ^ Tim Huxley (13 September 2013). Disintegrating Indonesia?: Implications for Regional Security. Routledge. pp. 79–. ISBN 978-1-136-04928-6.
  58. ^ "Keeping tabs on illegal immigrants". New Straits Times. 22 August 1986. p. 6. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  59. ^ Judith M. Heimann (1998). The Most Offending Soul Alive: Tom Harrisson and His Remarkable Life. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 270–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2199-9.
  60. ^ Peter Sibon (8 December 2017). . The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
  61. ^ Damian Harper (2007). Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Ediz. Inglese. Lonely Planet. pp. 339–. ISBN 978-1-74059-708-1. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  62. ^ Justin Calderon (14 April 2013). "Tourism through the eyes of Sarawak's 'big village'". Investvine. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  63. ^ Idris Aman; Rosniah Mustaffa (2009). (PDF). GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies. Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (National University of Malaysia). 9 (1): 66. ISSN 1675-8021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  64. ^ a b Paitoon M. Chaiyanara; Sanggam Siahaan; Hilman Pardede; Selviana Napitupulu; Basar Lolo Siahaan; Siska Anggita Situmeang. SIJLL (Singapore International Journal of Language and Literature). LLC Publishing. pp. 149–. ISSN 2251-2829. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  65. ^ Richard L. Schwenk (1973). The Potential for Rural Development in the New Seventh Division of Sarawak: A Preliminary Background Report. Institute of Southeast Asian. pp. 18–. GGKEY:NGE9XLE3DRH. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  66. ^ Nelson Alcantara (7 February 2014). "Kuching is as easy as ABC". eTurbo News. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  67. ^ Heidi Munan (15 October 2009). CultureShock! Borneo: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-981-4484-49-7.
  68. ^ "Sarawak's Development Plans (Sectoral Shift, 1980 - 2010 ..from Primary to Secondary and Tertiary Sectors)" (PDF). State Planning Unit (Chief Minister's Department). United Nations Development Programme. 2 August 2012. p. 4. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  69. ^ a b "Sarawak State Planning Unit leads the way towards 2020 economic ambitions". Investvine. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
  70. ^ . sarawak.gov.my. Official website of the Sarawak Government. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  71. ^ . Malaysia Global Business Forum. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  72. ^ . The Borneo Post. Malaysia. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  73. ^ . Bernama. Malaysia. 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  74. ^ . unwto.org. World Tourism Organization. Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015. ATF 2014 was held in Kuching in the Malaysian province of Sarawak from the 16th- 23rd of January.
  75. ^ Tan, Kevin; Ho, Janet (6 February 2014). . New Sarawak Tribune. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
  76. ^ . The Borneo Post. Malaysia. 19 June 2014. Archived from the original on 18 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  77. ^ . ASEAN Ports Association. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  78. ^ "Introduction: Port Information". Kuching Port Authority. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  79. ^ "Terminals". Kuching Port Authority. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  80. ^ a b Jonathan Chia (25 July 2013). . The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  81. ^ Lawrence Tseu (2006). "URBAN TRANSPORT GROWTH: THE CHALLENGES AHEAD – THE NEW REALISM AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES" (PDF). State Planning Unit, Chief Minister’s Office, Sarawak (Fourth Sabah-Sarawak Environmental Convention). Sabah State Government. pp. 11/23. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  82. ^ Martin Carvalho; Yuen Meiking; Rahimy Rahim (25 October 2012). "Pan Borneo Highway to be upgraded". The Star. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  83. ^ Lonely Planet; Daniel Robinson; Adam Karlin; Paul Stiles (1 May 2013). Lonely Planet Borneo. Lonely Planet. pp. 276–. ISBN 978-1-74321-651-4.
  84. ^ Jacky (17 March 2014). . Vulcan Post. Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  85. ^ "CITY PUBLIC LINK BUS SERVICE... - Sarawak BUS TRUCK Community". www.facebook.com.
  86. ^ "Kuching Metro". kuchingmetro.my.
  87. ^ Sharon Kong (12 February 2014). . The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  88. ^ . Express Bus Malaysia. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  89. ^ . e-tawau. 24 March 2013. Archived from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  90. ^ John Teo (9 March 2012). "Stand-off over Kuching Sentral". New Straits Times. AsiaOne. from the original on 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  91. ^ Outlook Publishing (September 2008). Outlook Traveller. Outlook Publishing. pp. 69–.
  92. ^ Sarawak. Jabatan Kerja Raya (1974). Annual Report.
  93. ^ "Tanah Puteh". The Straits Times. National Library Board. 7 June 1961. p. 8. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  94. ^ "About Kuching International Airport". Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  95. ^ (PDF). Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  96. ^ "Malaysia Airlines". Hahn Air. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  97. ^ "The Air Asia Family". Air Asia. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  98. ^ . MASWings. Archived from the original on 20 May 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  99. ^ . Kuching High Court. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  100. ^ "KUCHING CITY NORTH - PETRA JAYA" (PDF). Sarawak Property Bulletin. CH Williams Talhar Wong & Yeo Sdn Bhd. July–September 2006. p. 3. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  101. ^ "Structure of The Court (STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH COURT IN SABAH & SARAWAK)". The High Court in Sabah and Sarawak. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  102. ^ . E-Syariah. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  103. ^ . Sarawak Native Court. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  104. ^ . Federal Secretary Office, Sarawak. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  105. ^ "Direktori PDRM Sarawak - Kuching" (in Malay). Royal Malaysia Police. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  106. ^ . Federal Secretary Office, Sarawak. 16 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  107. ^ . The Star. 6 July 2012. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  108. ^ . Sarawak State Government. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  109. ^ . Sarawak State Health Department. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  110. ^ (PDF) (in Malay). Sarawak State Health Department. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  111. ^ . Normah Medical Specialist Centre. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  112. ^ . Borneo Medical Centre. Archived from the original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  113. ^ . Hospital Directory Asia. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  114. ^ "KPJ Healthcare". Kuching Specialist Hospital. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  115. ^ a b (PDF). Educational Management Information System. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  116. ^ (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
  117. ^ Tuah, Yvonne (1 July 2013). . The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  118. ^ . New Sarawak Tribune. 31 January 2015. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  119. ^ Umpang, Matthew (21 October 2014). . The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 9 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  120. ^ Aubrey, Samuel (7 January 2012). . The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2015.
  121. ^ Rudy Rukimin Rambli (5 February 2008). (in Malay). Bernama. Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  122. ^ Yu Ji (1 December 2013). . The Star. Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  123. ^ . The Star. 29 November 2013. Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  124. ^ . The Star. 4 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  125. ^ . Sarawak State Library. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  126. ^ . Sarawak State Library. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  127. ^ . librarynet.com.my. Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  128. ^ . The Borneo Post Seeds. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
  129. ^ Alice Yen Ho (1998). Old Kuching. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-983-56-0050-0.
  130. ^ Robert L. Winzeler (January 2004). The Architecture of Life and Death in Borneo. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 160–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2632-1.
  131. ^ Jan van Harssel; Richard H Jackson; Lloyd E. Hudman (23 January 2014). National Geographic Learning's Visual Geography of Travel and Tourism. Cengage Learning. pp. 530–. ISBN 978-1-305-17647-8.
  132. ^ "Sarawak Museum Department". museum.sarawak.gov.my. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  133. ^ Asiatechnology. Review Publishing Company Limited.
  134. ^ "Main Bazaar and Carpenter Street". Kuching: Sarawak Tourism. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  135. ^ . Kuching: Sarawak Tourism. 14 September 2012. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  136. ^ Charles de Ledesma; Mark Lewis; Pauline Savage (2000). The Rough Guide to Malaysia, Singapore & Brunei. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-565-8.
  137. ^ "Call for nomination of Kuching Waterfront to become Unesco World Heritage site". The Borneo Post. 19 November 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  138. ^ Geryl Ogilvy (30 November 2017). "Improving Kuching's chances of receiving Unesco recognition". The Star. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  139. ^ a b . Bernama. The Borneo Post. 20 March 2012. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  140. ^ a b . Sarawak Forestry Corporation. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  141. ^ a b . e-tawau. 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  142. ^ a b Jane Bickersteth; Amanda Hinton (1996). Malaysia & Singapore Handbook. Footprint Handbooks. ISBN 978-0-8442-4909-4.
  143. ^ . Damai Golf and Country Club. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  144. ^ Helen Oon (2008). Malaysia. New Holland Publishers. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-84537-971-1.
  145. ^ . e-tawau. 6 August 2013. Archived from the original on 6 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  146. ^ . Sarawak forestry cooperation. Archived from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  147. ^ . Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  148. ^ . Sarawak forestry cooperation. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  149. ^ . Sarawak forestry cooperation. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  150. ^ . Sarawak forestry cooperation. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  151. ^ . Sarawak -vacations-destinations.com. Archived from the original on 23 June 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  152. ^ . Borneo Highlands Resort. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  153. ^ a b Craft Arts International. Craft Art Pty. Limited. 1994.
  154. ^ "Zacharevic moves on to five more masterpieces on Kuching walls". The Borneo Post. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  155. ^ . Sarawak Tourism. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  156. ^ . The Sun. 28 July 2013. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  157. ^ . Bookaroo. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  158. ^ . Bookaroo. Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  159. ^ . goasia.about.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  160. ^ . fest300.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  161. ^ . asiarooms.com. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  162. ^ . The Star. 8 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  163. ^ . Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  164. ^ . Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Brunei. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  165. ^ "Chinese Consulate-General in Kuching (Malaysia)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  166. ^ . Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Denmark. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  167. ^ . Embassy of France in Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  168. ^ . Consulate General of Indonesia, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Archived from the original on 5 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  169. ^ "Honorary Consulates in Malaysia" (PDF). European External Action Service. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
  170. ^ . Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014. Working with local partners and honorary representatives in Penang, Langkawi, Kota Kinabalu and Kuching to assist British nationals
  171. ^ . The Borneo Post. 7 May 2015. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
  172. ^ InKunming (20 April 2012). . en.kunming.cn. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  173. ^ Matthew Hoekstra (26 April 2012). . Richmond Review. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014. Richmond will be Xiamen's first Canadian sister city and fourth in North America, where Xiamen's other friends are Baltimore, Md., Sarasota, Fla. and Guadalajara, Mexico. Its other sister cities are Cardiff, Wales; Sasebo, Japan; Cebu, Philippines; Wellington, New Zealand; Penang, Malaysia; Marathon, Greece; Sunshine Coast, Australia; Kaunas, Lithuania; Zoetermeer, Netherlands; Kuching, Malaysia; Surabaya, Indonesia; and Mokpo, South Korea.
  174. ^ . New Straits Times. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  175. ^ M Zezen Zainal M (21 September 2019). [Sarawak Malaysia Establish Sister City Co-operation with Bandung City] (in Indonesian). Bandung Kita. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  176. ^ Brilliant Awal (21 September 2019). [Sarawak Malaysia Invites Bandung City To Become Sister City] (in Indonesian). Gala Media News. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  177. ^ a b c Yu Ji (27 August 2011). "Kuching bags one of only two coveted 'Tourist City Award' in Asia". The Star. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  178. ^ Rendra Oxtora; Aria Cindyara; Fardah Assegaf (9 July 2019). . Antara. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  179. ^ Eve Sonary Heng (30 August 2012). . The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2014.

Notes

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kuching.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kuching.
  1. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  3. ^ Not to be confused with Padawan municipality.

April 27, 2023
kuching, this, article, about, city, sarawak, malaysia, administrative, division, division, administrative, district, district, federal, constituency, represented, dewan, rakyat, bandar, federal, constituency, other, subset, district, padawan, municipality, of. This article is about the city in Sarawak Malaysia For the administrative division see Kuching Division For the administrative district see Kuching District For the federal constituency represented in the Dewan Rakyat see Bandar Kuching federal constituency For other subset of the Kuching district see Padawan municipality Kuching ˈ k uː tʃ ɪ ŋ officially the City of Kuching 6 is the capital and the most populous city in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia 7 It is also the capital of Kuching Division The city is on the Sarawak River at the southwest tip of the state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo and covers an area of 431 km2 166 sq mi with a population about 165 642 in the Kuching North administrative region and 159 490 in the Kuching South administrative region 8 9 10 a total of 325 132 people 8 KuchingState capital city and district capitalCity of KuchingBandar Raya KuchingOther transcription s Jawiکوچيڠ Chinese古晋 Simplified 古晉 Traditional Gǔ jin Hanyu Pinyin Tamilக ச ச ங Kucciṅ Transliteration From top left to right Kuching skyline from Sarawak River the Sarawak State Museum Fort Margherita The Astana the Darul Hana bridge near State Assembly building Chinatown and iconic cat statues Commission of the City of Kuching NorthCouncil of the City of Kuching SouthNickname s Cat City Bandaraya Perpaduan City of Unity Location of Kuching in SarawakKuchingShow map of SarawakKuchingShow map of MalaysiaKuchingShow map of Southeast AsiaKuchingShow map of AsiaCoordinates 01 33 27 N 110 20 38 E 1 55750 N 110 34389 E 1 55750 110 34389 Coordinates 01 33 27 N 110 20 38 E 1 55750 N 110 34389 E 1 55750 110 34389Country MalaysiaState SarawakDivisionKuchingDistrictKuchingFounded by the Sultanate of Brunei1827Settled by James Brooke18 August 1842Municipality status1 January 1953City status1 August 1988Government TypeCity council BodyCommission of Kuching North City Hall Council of the City of Kuching South Mayor of Kuching NorthJunaidi Reduan Mayor of Kuching SouthWee Hong SengArea 1 City of Kuching450 02 km2 173 75 sq mi Metro2 770 90 km2 1 069 85 sq mi Kuching North378 20 km2 146 02 sq mi Kuching South71 82 km2 27 73 sq mi Elevation 2 3 8 m 26 ft Highest elevation 4 810 2 m 2 658 1 ft Lowest elevation0 m 0 ft Population 2021 5 City of Kuching402 738 Density754 33 km2 1 953 7 sq mi Metro723 854 Metro density336 8 km2 872 sq mi DemonymKuchingite Orang Kuching Sourced from Department of Statistics Malaysia DoSM 2022 Time zoneUTC 8 MST Summer DST UTC 8 Not observed Postal code93xxxArea code s 082 landline only Vehicle registrationQA and QK for all vehicles except taxis HQ for taxis only WebsiteKuching North dbku wbr sarawak wbr gov wbr my Kuching South mbks wbr sarawak wbr gov wbr myKuching was the third capital of Sarawak in 1827 during the administration of the Bruneian Empire In 1841 Kuching became the capital of the Kingdom of Sarawak after the territory in the area was ceded to James Brooke for helping the Bruneian empire in crushing a rebellion particularly by the interior Borneo dwelling Land Dayak people who later became his loyal followers after most of them were pardoned by him and joined his side The town continued to receive attention and development during the rule of Charles Brooke such as the construction of a sanitation system hospital prison fort and a bazaar In 1941 the Brooke administration had a Centenary Celebration in Kuching During World War II Kuching was occupied by Japanese forces from 1942 to 1945 The Japanese government set up a Batu Lintang camp near Kuching to hold prisoners of war and civilian internees After the war the town survived intact However the last Rajah of Sarawak Sir Charles Vyner Brooke decided to cede Sarawak as part of British Crown Colony in 1946 Kuching remained as capital during the Crown Colony period After the formation of Malaysia in 1963 Kuching retained its status as state capital and was granted city status in 1988 Since then the Kuching city is divided into two administrative regions managed by two separate local authorities The administrative centre of Sarawak state government is located at Wisma Bapa Malaysia Kuching Kuching is a major food destination and is a member of UNESCO s Creative Cities Network under the field of gastronomy 11 Kuching is also the main gateway for travellers visiting Sarawak and Borneo 12 Kuching Wetlands National Park is located about 30 km 19 mi from the city and there are many other tourist attractions in and around Kuching such as Bako National Park Semenggoh Wildlife Centre Rainforest World Music Festival RWMF state assembly building The Astana Fort Margherita Kuching Cat Museum and Sarawak State Museum The city has become one of the major industrial and commercial centres in East Malaysia 13 14 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Governance 3 1 Local authority and city definition 4 Geography 4 1 Climate 5 Demography 5 1 Ethnicity 5 2 Languages 6 Economy 7 Transport 7 1 Land 7 1 1 Public transport 7 1 1 1 Taxis 7 1 1 2 Buses 7 1 1 2 1 Bus Express 7 1 1 2 2 Local Bus 7 1 1 2 3 Local Bus or Bus Express remain unclear 7 2 Water 7 3 Air 8 Other utilities 8 1 Courts of law and legal enforcement 8 2 Healthcare 8 3 Education 8 4 Libraries 9 Culture and leisure 9 1 Attractions and recreation spots 9 1 1 Cultural 9 1 2 Historical 9 1 3 Leisure and conservation areas 9 1 4 Other sights 9 1 5 Shopping 9 1 6 Entertainment 9 2 Music 9 3 Radio stations 10 International relations 10 1 Sister cities 11 See also 12 References 12 1 NotesEtymology EditThe name Kuching was already in use for the city by the time Brooke arrived in 1839 9 15 There are many theories as to the derivation of the name Kuching It was perhaps derived from the Malay word for cat kucing or from Cochin an Indian trading port on the Malabar Coast and a generic term in China and British India for trading harbour 9 Some Hindu artefacts can be seen today at the Sarawak State Museum 16 However another source reported that the Kuching city was previously known as Sarawak before Brooke arrived The settlement was renamed to Sarawak proper during the kingdom expansion It was only in 1872 that Charles Brooke renamed the settlement to Kuching 16 17 There was one unlikely theory based on a story on miscommunication According to the story James Brooke arrived in Kuching on his yacht Royalist He then asked his local guide about the name of the town The local guide mistakenly thought that Brooke was pointing towards a cat and so had said the word Kuching However ethnic Malays in Sarawak have always used the term pusak for cats cognate with Filipino pusa instead of the standard Malay word kucing 16 Despite this etymological discrepancy Sarawakians have adopted the animal as a symbol of their city and it features in statues as well as the municipal council s coat of arms an example of heraldic canting Some source also stated that it was derived from a fruit called mata kucing Euphoria malaiense note 1 note 2 a fruit that grows widely in Malaysia and Indonesia 18 There was also a hill in the city that was named after the fruit which is called Bukit Mata Kuching Harriette McDougall writing to her son in the 19th century stated that the name was derived from a stream of the same name called Sungai Kuching or Cat River in English 9 19 On page 64 of Bampfylde and Baring Gould s 1909 A History of Sarawak under its Two White Rajahs it says Kuching the capital of Sarawak is so called from a small stream that runs through the town into the main river The stream was situated at the foot of Bukit Mata Kuching and in front of the Tua Pek Kong Temple In the 1950s the river became very shallow because of silt deposits in the river The river was later filled to make way for roads 16 There is another theory that Kuching actually means Ku 古 Old and Ching 井 Well or old well 古井 in Chinese During the Brooke administration there was no water supply and water borne diseases were common In 1888 an epidemic broke out which later was known as Great Cholera Epidemic A well situated in the present day China Street in Main Bazaar helped to combat the disease by providing clean water supply Due to increased demand for a water supply the role of the well was later replaced by water treatment plant on the Bau Road 16 20 History EditFurther information Sultanate of Sarawak Kuching was later established as the seat of Brooke government under the management of James Brooke Sarawak was part of the Bruneian Empire since the reign of first Brunei sultanate Sultan Muhammad Shah Kuching was the third capital of Sarawak founded in 1827 by the representative of the Sultan of Brunei Pengiran Indera Mahkota 21 Prior to the founding of Kuching the two past capitals of Sarawak were Santubong founded by Sultan Pengiran Tengah in 1599 and Lidah Tanah founded by Datu Patinggi Ali in the early 1820s 21 Pengiran Raja Muda Hashimit later ceded the territory to a British adventurer James Brooke as a reward for helping him to counter a rebellion 22 The rebellion was crushed in November 1840 and on 24 September 1841 Brooke was appointed as the Governor of Sarawak with the title of Rajah 22 It was not announced until 18 August 1842 following Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II s ratifying the governorship and requiring Brooke to pay an annual sum of 2 500 to the Sultan 22 Since that time Kuching became the seat of the Brooke government 23 The Kuching state prison was situated beside the Square Tower building in 1896 Children are pulled through the city s streets by a coolie c 1919 The administration was later continued by his nephew Charles Brooke As an administrative capital it became the centre of attention and development 15 Improvements included a sanitation system 15 By 1874 the city had completed several developments including construction of a hospital prison Fort Margherita and many other buildings 15 Charles Brooke s wife in her memoir My Life in Sarawak included this description of Kuching The little town looked so neat and fresh and prosperous under the careful jurisdiction of the Rajah and his officers that it reminded me of a box of painted toys kept scrupulously clean by a child The Bazaar runs for some distance along the banks of river and this quarter of the town is inhabited almost entirely by Chinese traders with the exception of one or two Hindoo shops Groceries of exotic kinds are laid out on tables near the pavement from which the purchasers make their choice At the Hindoo shops you can buy silks from India sarongs from Java tea from China and tiles and porcelain from all parts of the world laid out in picturesque confusion and overflowing into the street 15 24 Margaret Brooke wife of Charles Brooke The Astana Palace which is now the official residence of the governor of Sarawak was constructed next to Brooke s first residence He had it built in 1869 as a wedding gift to his wife 25 26 Kuching continued to prosper under Charles Vyner Brooke who succeeded his father as the Third Rajah of Sarawak 22 In 1941 Kuching was the site of the Brooke Government Centenary Celebration 27 A few months later the Brooke administration came to a close when the Japanese occupied Sarawak 22 A street scene of Kuching town shortly after the surrender of Japan image taken on 12 September 1945 A piece of Japanese propaganda in Jawi script found in the town after the capturing of the town by the Australian forces During the Second World War six platoons of infantry from 2 15 Punjab Regiment were stationed at Kuching in April 1941 28 The Regiment defended Kuching and Bukit Stabar airfield from being the destroyed by the Japanese 28 Defence was mainly concentrated on Kuching and Miri 28 However on 24 December 1941 Kuching was conquered by the Japanese forces Sarawak was ruled as part of the Japanese Empire for three years and eight months until the official Japanese surrender on 11 September 1945 The official surrender was signed on HMAS Kapunda at Kuching 29 30 31 From March 1942 the Japanese operated the Batu Lintang camp for POWs and civilian internees 5 km 3 1 mi outside Kuching 32 After the end of World War II the town survived and was wholly undamaged 33 The third and last Rajah Sir Charles Vyner Brooke later ceded Sarawak to the British Crown on 1 July 1946 34 35 During the Crown Colony period the government worked to develop and improve the infrastructure on Sarawak 30 Kuching was revitalised as the capital of Sarawak under the British colonial government 36 When Sarawak together with North Borneo Singapore and the Federation of Malaya formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963 37 Kuching kept its status as the state capital and was granted a city status on 1 August 1988 38 39 Kuching experienced further development throughout the years as the state capital On 29 July 2015 Kuching was declared as City of Unity by One Malaysia Foundation for racial harmony that existed in the city because of cross racial marriages multi racial schools fair scholarship distributions and balanced workforce patterns 40 41 Governance Edit Local authorities comprising Greater Kuching with a total area of 2030 94 square kilometres Kuching North City Hall DBKU Kuching South City Council MBKS Padawan Municipal Council MPP Kota Samarahan Municipal Council MPKS formerly MDS As a capital of Sarawak Kuching plays an important role in the political and economic welfare of the population of the entire state as it became the seat of the state government where almost all of their ministries and agencies are based The Sarawak State Legislative Assembly is located in a suburb Petra Jaya There are 5 Members of Parliament MPs representing the five parliamentary constituencies and twelve state legislative assemblymen in the state legislature representing twelve state constituencies in Kuching district Parliamentary Constituencies State ConstituenciesP 193 Santubong N 3 Tanjung Datu within Lundu district N 4 Pantai Damai N 5 Demak LautP 194 Petra Jaya N 6 Tupong N 7 Samariang N 8 SatokP 195 Bandar Kuching N 9 Padungan N 10 Pending N 11 Batu LintangP 196 Stampin N 12 Kota Sentosa N 13 Batu Kitang N 14 Batu KawahP 198 Puncak Borneo N 18 Serembu within Bau district N 19 Mambong N 20 Tarat within Serian Division Local authority and city definition Edit Kuching is the only city in Malaysia to be administered by two mayors 21 the city is divided into Kuching North and Kuching South 42 Each of these is administered by a mayor for Kuching South and commissioner for Kuching North 14 The current commissioner for Kuching North is Datu Junaidi Reduan who took over from Datuk Haji Abang Abdul Wahab Abang Julai on 31 August 2019 while Datuk Wee Hong Seng became the new Mayor for the Kuching South in 2019 succeeding Dato James Chan Khay Syn 43 The city obtained a city status on 1 August 1988 38 and since that it was administered by Kuching North City Hall DBKU and Kuching South City Council MBKS The city is defined within the borders of what is the Kuching District With an area of 1 868 83 square kilometres it is the most populous district in Sarawak 44 The area then subdivided into two sub districts namely Kuching Proper and Padawan Kuching Proper included the city area and northern part of Padawan municipality e g Batu Kawah Matang Jaya while Padawan note 3 sub district southern part of Padawan municipality included Kota Padawan Teng Bukap and Borneo Highlands Mambong The combined area of Kuching North City Hall Kuching South City Council Padawan Municipal Council and the Kota Samarahan Municipal Council is known as Greater Kuching 1 45 Geography Edit Panorama of Kuching City Kuching is located on the banks of the Sarawak River in the northwestern part of the island of Borneo 46 The limits of the City of Kuching include all that area in Kuching District containing an area approximately 431 01 km2 166 41 sq mi bounded from Gunung Lasak Mount Lasak in Muara Tebas to Batu Buaya Crocodile Rock in the Santubong peninsula following a series of survey marks as stated in the First Schedule of the City of Kuching Ordinance 1988 6 As a simplification of the legal statute the Kuching city limits extend from the Kuching International Airport in the south to the northern coast of the Santubong and Bako peninsulas from the Kuching Wetlands National Park in the west to the Kuap River estuary in the east 6 The Sarawak River generally splits the city into North and South The highest point in the city is Mount Santubong on the Santubong peninsula which is at 810 2 m 2 658 ft above sea level located 35 km north of the city centre 4 Rapid urbanisation has occurred in Greater Kuching and the urban sprawl extends to Penrissen Kota Sentosa Kota Padawan Batu Kawah Matang Samariang Siburan Tarat Kota Samarahan Asajaya as well as Serian which is located about 65 km from Kuching Climate Edit Kuching has a tropical rainforest climate Koppen climate classification Af moderately hot but very humid at times and receives substantial rainfall 47 The average annual rainfall is approximately 4 200 mm 170 in 48 Kuching is the wettest populated area on average in Malaysia with an average of 247 rainy days per year Kuching receives only 5 hours of sunshine per day on average and an average of only 3 7 hours of sunshine per day in the month of January wettest month of the year 49 The wettest times are during the North East Monsoon months of November to February and the city s driest months are June through August The temperature in Kuching ranges from 19 C 66 F to 36 C 97 F but the average temperature is around 23 C 73 F in the early hours of the morning and rises to around 33 C 91 F during mid afternoon 50 This temperature stays almost constant throughout the year if it is not affected by the heavy rain and strong winds during the early hours of the morning which can bring the temperature down to 19 C 66 F but this is very rare 47 Climate data for Kuching 1981 2010 extremes 1876 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 34 6 94 3 34 7 94 5 35 2 95 4 36 1 97 0 36 0 96 8 35 6 96 1 36 1 97 0 36 4 97 5 36 5 97 7 35 2 95 4 34 8 94 6 34 7 94 5 36 5 97 7 Average high C F 29 7 85 5 30 2 86 4 31 2 88 2 32 2 90 0 32 6 90 7 32 6 90 7 32 3 90 1 32 5 90 5 31 9 89 4 31 8 89 2 31 5 88 7 30 6 87 1 31 6 88 9 Daily mean C F 25 6 78 1 25 9 78 6 26 3 79 3 26 6 79 9 27 0 80 6 26 9 80 4 26 6 79 9 26 7 80 1 26 3 79 3 26 1 79 0 25 9 78 6 25 7 78 3 26 3 79 3 Average low C F 23 1 73 6 23 2 73 8 23 3 73 9 23 5 74 3 23 7 74 7 23 4 74 1 23 1 73 6 23 1 73 6 23 1 73 6 23 1 73 6 23 1 73 6 23 0 73 4 23 2 73 8 Record low C F 17 8 64 0 18 9 66 0 18 3 64 9 20 0 68 0 20 6 69 1 18 9 66 0 19 4 66 9 19 4 66 9 19 3 66 7 20 5 68 9 20 0 68 0 18 9 66 0 17 8 64 0 Average rainfall mm inches 701 27 6 457 18 0 351 13 8 277 10 9 246 9 7 224 8 8 206 8 1 243 9 6 260 10 2 339 13 3 361 14 2 500 19 7 4 165 163 9 Average rainy days 1 0 mm 25 19 21 20 19 17 16 16 19 23 24 25 244Average relative humidity 89 88 86 86 86 84 83 83 85 86 88 89 86Mean monthly sunshine hours 126 137 149 154 156 159 165 163 158 152 149 136 1 804Source 1 Ogimet 51 Source 2 NOAA 52 Meteo Climat record highs and lows 53 Deutscher Wetterdienst humidity 1975 1985 54 Demography EditThe terms Kuchingite have been used to describe the people of Kuching although it is not official 25 However the simplest way to call the people of Kuching is only by orang Kuching which means people of Kuching in English Ethnicity Edit In early 2022 Department of Statistics Malaysia DoSM reports that Kuching has a total population of 402 738 The city population North Kuching South Kuching and Padawan consists of Malays 146 067 Chinese 138 620 Iban 82 743 Bidayuh 20 065 Non Malaysian citizens 5 048 other Sarawak Bumiputras Orang Ulu 4 076 Melanau 1 840 Indian 3 257 and others 1 022 55 The Chinese are made up of Hokkien in the city areas and Hakka in the suburbs mainly 56 Other Chinese subgroups consist of Foochow Hainanese Teochew Cantonese and Henghua The Iban Bidayuh Dayak and Orang Ulu are mainly Christians with some practising Animism while the Chinese practise either Buddhism Taoism or Christianity while the most of the Malays and Melanau are Muslim A number of Hindus Sikhs and a small number of secularists also exist around the city There is a sizeable number of non citizens who mostly come from the bordering Indonesian region of Kalimantan most of whom are migrant workers 57 58 Since the British period a small population of South Asian especially Pakistanis have exist around the city by running their business mainly in selling clothes and spices 59 Other migrants who came during the time included Bugis from the Dutch East Indies and other races from the neighbour Dutch Borneo 60 Interracial marriages among those of different ethnic backgrounds are common in Kuching and the city itself is a home to 30 different ethnic groups 61 62 Religious sites in Kuching St Joseph Cathedral Kuching Kuching mosque at dusk Hong San Si Temple KuchingLanguages Edit See also Sarawak Malay Beside being the capital city of Sarawak Kuching became a business and cultural centre for the Malays of Sarawak 63 The dialect of Malay spoken in Kuching is known as Bahasa Sarawak Sarawakian Malay Language which is a subset of the Malay language 64 The dialect used in Kuching is a little different from the dialect used in Miri 64 Since the second largest population in the city is made up of Han Chinese the Chinese language is also commonly used particularly Hokkien Hakka and Mandarin Chinese 65 Almost all residents are able to speak English 66 A number of special private schools that teach English for expatriate children can be found through the city 67 Economy Edit Kuching as the commercial centre of Sarawak Kuching is one of the main industrial and commercial centres for Sarawak Many state level national level and international commercial banks as well as some insurance companies establish their headquarters and branches here The economy is dominated by the primary sector and currently by the tertiary based industry as the state government wants to aim Sarawak to be transformed into a developed state by 2020 14 68 69 There are 3 industrial areas in Kuching namely Pending Industrial Estate Mixed and Light Industries Demak Laut Industrial Park Mixed Light and Medium Industries and Sama Jaya Free Industrial Zone Hi Tech and electronics industry 70 This is intended to boost the city s commercial and industrial activity to making it a major growth centre in East Malaysia as well for the BIMP EAGA Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area 69 Kuching hosted numerous national regional and international conferences congress and trade fairs such as the Malaysia Global Business Forum 71 Tomorrow s Leaders Summit 72 International Hydropower Association IHA World Congress 73 ASEAN Tourism Forum 74 and Routes Asia Conference 75 Besides Kuching was chosen as a permanent host for the biennial Asean International Film Festival and Awards AIFFA 76 These events are normally held at the Borneo Convention Centre Kuching Port Authority KPA established in 1961 started its operation at Tanah Puteh Port Sim Kheng Hong Port in 1975 with annual capacity of 350 000 tonnes Its operations has since been shifted to Pending and Senari terminals with annual capacity of 2 9 million tonnes and 7 million tonnes respectively KPA also controls Biawak Oil Jetty that handles petroleum products 77 78 79 Historically the Chinese have contributed to the city economy since their migration during the Brunei Sultanate period after the discovery of antimony ore and also during the Charles Vyner Brooke administration who encouraged the migration of the overseas Chinese to planting black pepper 9 Transport EditLand Edit The city highway New asphalt road connecting the rural areas with the city Roads in the city are under the jurisdiction and maintenance of either the two local councils i e DBKU Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara and MBKS Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan or the state s Public Works Department Roads of the latter category are either state roads or federal roads Most major internal roads are dual carriageways and the city is linked by roads to other towns in Sarawak These roads are mainly federal roads maintained by the national Public Works Department The city also famous for a number of roundabouts including the oldest and largest one known as Datuk Abang Kipali Bin Abang Akip Roundabout 80 The roundabout are usually landscaped and were efficient to handling traffic congestion 80 81 However traffic lights are more commonly used now as the city traffic continues to rise As the city is located near the equator potholes have the tendency to develop on the roads during the monsoon season usually at the end of the year due to coinciding with winter in the Northern Hemisphere Roads leading outside of the city to the interior are of a slightly lower quality but are now being upgraded 82 Highway routes from Kuching include FT 1 15 Kuching Serian Highway FT 801 Kuching Bypass Kuching Kota Samarahan Expressway Tun Salahuddin Bridge Tun Salahuddin Bridge Matang HighwayPublic transport Edit Taxis Edit The main taxis in the city are painted in red and yellow There are two types of taxi operating in the city the main taxi is the red and yellow while the larger is painted in blue which is more comfortable but expensive known as the executive taxis 83 In 2014 a smartphone taxi booking application named GrabTaxi was launched and making the city as the fifth area after Klang Valley Cyberjaya Putrajaya and Johor Bahru that have the applications 84 Buses Edit Main article Transportation in Sarawak Kuching Samarahan bus route Bus Express Edit Main article Transportation in Sarawak Operating Route OperatorKuching Serian Sarikei Sibu Bintulu Miri Bintang Jaya MTC Sungei Merah EVA Express BusAsia FreesiaKuching Kapit BusAsiaLocal Bus Edit Route No Operating Route Operator RemarkAEON AEON Kuching 85 CPL Waterfront Riverside Majestic Sarawak General Hospital1 Kuching Bako BusAsia Bako National Park1 amp 6A Kuching Bako Muara Tebas BusAsia Bako National Park2 Kuching Bau Bau Transport Co B2 Kuching Bau CPL3A Kuching Serian CPL3AB Wisma Bapa Malaysia Kuching Samarahan Serian BusAsia3AC Open Air Market Kuching Serian BusAsiaK5 Kuching BDR Baru Samariang CPL Kuching North City Hall Kuching Cat MuseumK6 Kuching Semenggoh CPLK7 Kuching Taman Malihah CPLK8 Kuching Tabuan Jaya Stutong CPL BDC The Indonesian Consulate General in KuchingK10 Kuching Kota Samarahan CPL Boulevard Kuching Sentral Kota Sentosa10A Kuching Kota Samarahan BusAsia Boulevard Kuching Airport Kuching Sentral Kota Sentosa10AC Kuching Kota Samarahan BusAsiaK11 Kuching Tabuan Dayak CPL Kenyalang King CenterK12 Kuching Kota Samarahan Asajaya Sadong Jaya CPLK18 Kuching Batu Kawa MJC Desa Wira CPL RPR Batu KawaK21 Kuching Politeknik CPL Kubah National Park Kubah Ria MatangK26 Kuching Batu Kawa Bau Lundu Sematan CPL101 Damai Loop Sarawak Metro101 Downtown Heritage Loop Sarawak Metro Jalan Satok103 Sarawak State Legislative DUN Semenggoh Wildlife Center Orangutan Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak DUN Pusat Hidupan Liar Semenggoh Orangutan 砂拉越州立法議會 實蒙谷人猿猩猩野生動物中心 86 Kuching Metro Kuching North City Hall Kuching Cat MuseumLocal Bus or Bus Express remain unclear Edit Main article Transportation in Sarawak Route No Operating Route Operator RemarkK25 Kuching Sri Aman CPLThe main bus terminal is the Kuching Sentral which just launched in 2012 87 It is located in the south of the city about 5 minutes away from the Kuching International Airport and 20 minutes from the city centre 88 The terminal serves a long distance destination to Brunei Sabah and West Kalimantan in Indonesia 89 Another bus terminal is the Old Kuching Bus Terminal it is still operating as some of the bus companies that supposed to use the new terminal are unwilling to use the facilities due to some ongoing disagreement 90 Other minibuses or vans services also available in the city Water Edit A traditional roofed wooden sampan the main water transport in Kuching Kuching like most towns in Sarawak has connections to other urban centres and settlements by water transport Between the banks of the Sarawak River near the city centre many tambang traditional roofed wooden sampan can be seen carrying passengers from one riverbank to another 42 91 For those staying along the river banks it is a short way to getting to the city proper The wharf for express boats servicing transport to further areas such as Sibu and Bintulu is located in the east of the city at the Sim Kheng Hong Port formerly known as the Tanah Puteh Port in Pending 92 93 Air Edit Kuching International Airport at night Kuching International Airport KCH ICAO Code WBGG is the main gateway for air passengers The airport s history dates back to the 1940s and today the airport has undergoing many major redevelopment 94 The airport terminal is listed as the fourth busiest airport in Malaysia according to total passenger movements in 2013 95 Since 2009 the airport has grown rapidly with an increasing number of passengers and aircraft movement It is the secondary hub for Malaysia Airlines 96 and AirAsia 97 while became the third hub for MASWings 98 which serves flights to smaller towns and rural areas in East Malaysia Other utilities EditCourts of law and legal enforcement Edit The current court complex is located in Petra Jaya 99 100 It contains the High Court Sessions Court and the Magistrate Court 101 Another courts of Syariah and native were also located in the city 102 103 The Sarawak Police Contingent Headquarters is located in Badruddin Street 104 There is only one district headquarters in the city which is the Kuching District police headquarters located in Simpang Tiga Road 105 106 Kuching Prison Complex is located in Puncak Borneo Street 107 Temporary lock ups or prison cells are found in most police stations around the city Healthcare Edit See also List of hospitals in Malaysia The Sarawak General Hospital There are many types of health services in the city such as the main public hospitals public health clinics other type of health clinics mobile clinic flying doctor service village clinics and 1Malaysia clinic 108 The main hospital is the Sarawak General Hospital which is the oldest hospital since 1923 Another hospital is Rajah Charles Brooke Memorial Hospital 109 Hospital Sentosa Sentosa Mental Hospital opened in 1958 provides psychiatric services for the entire state and known as the second oldest hospital in Sarawak after the main hospital 110 Normah Medical Specialist Centre in Petra Jaya is the largest private hospital with 130 beds in Sarawak 111 In addition three other large private health facilities are Borneo Medical Centre with 120 beds 112 Timberland Medical Centre with 100 beds 113 and KPJ Healthcare with 75 beds 114 Kuching Specialist Hospital located in BDC was scheduled to open its operation to the public in 2020 with a 70 bed capacity Education Edit See also List of schools in Sarawak In the city all schools under the National Education System government education institution category are managed by the Kuching Combined Education Office Pejabat Pelajaran Gabungan Kuching There are many government or state schools in and around the city Like other Malaysian schools schools in the city are divided into four levels of education pre school primary secondary lower and upper and post secondary excluding tertiary Among the well established and prestigious boarding schools in the city is Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching which is located at Batu Kawa and Sekolah Menengah Sains Kuching Utara which is located at Matang Jaya 115 Other government secondary schools including some of the oldest and well known are SMK St Joseph SMK St Thomas SMK St Teresa and SMK St Mary as well as others like SMK Greenroad Kolej Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Abdillah SMK Tun Abang Haji Openg SMK Batu Lintang and SMK Padungan 115 Kuching has 4 out of 14 Chinese independent schools in Sarawak These are Chung Hua Middle School No 1 古晋中华第一中学 Chung Hua Middle School No 3 古晋中华第三中学 Chung Hua Middle School No 4 古晋中华第四中学 and Batu Kawa Min Lit secondary school 石角民立中学 116 There are also two international schools in Kuching namely Tunku Putra International School 117 and Lodge International School 118 Other private schools in Kuching are Sunny Hill School 119 and St Joseph Private Schools 120 There are currently no public university campuses in Kuching apart from the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak UNIMAS Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences building situated next to the Sarawak General Hospital The Sarawak state government moved the last remaining public university campus Universiti Teknologi MARA from Kuching to Kota Samarahan in 1997 in a long term initiative to transform Kota Samarahan into an education hub 121 Kuching is home to three private universities the Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus the only branch campus of Swinburne University of Technology outside Australia Executive College and UCSI University Sarawak Campus which houses the Faculty of Hospitality and Management A polytechnic and community college both known as Politeknik Kuching Sarawak and Kolej Komuniti Kuching are also located in the city Other private colleges can be found through the city with most of the colleges are subsidiaries from universities and university colleges established in West Malaysia such as SEGi College Sarawak Sunway College Kuching Limkokwing Borneo PTPL Sarawak Wawasan Open University Open University Malaysia and Twintech College Sarawak There are private institutions conducting franchised programmes from full fledged universities apart from running their own courses such as SATT College conducting franchised programmes from Universiti Teknologi MARA and the Institute of Dynamic Management Sarawak conducting franchised programmes from Universiti Tun Abdul Razak The International College of Advanced Technology Sarawak or ICATS is an institution created as the state government s initiative to enhance technical and vocational training education among school leavers 122 The college was established from the former INTI College Sarawak facilities 123 Operated by a state owned subsidiary ICATS focuses on producing human capital for the hi tech sector especially for the development of the Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy 124 Libraries Edit The Sarawak State Library The Sarawak State Library is the major information resource centre and provides information services for the public and private sectors 125 The library serves Kuching and its outskirts as the main depository of public records In addition it administers monitors and facilitates the operations of 36 village libraries in the state funded by the National Library of Malaysia 126 Other public libraries in Kuching include the DBKU City Library 127 and village libraries such as in Bandar Baru Samariang Kampung Samariang Lama and Taman Sepakat Jaya Culture and leisure EditAttractions and recreation spots Edit Cultural Edit The Sarawak State Museum building was built by Rajah Charles Brooke in 1891 and designed based on the architecture of a Normandy town hall 128 Kuching maintains several museums showcasing its culture and history The Sarawak State Museum is one of the finest museums in Asia and known as Kuching s oldest and most historical building which exhibits collections of the indigenous races in Sarawak 129 130 131 Directly opposite the Sarawak Museum is the Borneo Cultures Museum which replaced the Tun Abdul Razak Hall The Borneo Cultures Museum opened on 9th March 2022 is a modern five storey building with a distinctive architectural design that reflects Sarawak s unique traditional crafts and rich cultural heritage 132 While located right behind the Borneo Cultures Museum is the Islamic Heritage Museum Other museums in Kuching include the Chinese History Museum Kuching Cat Museum Sarawak Timber Museum and Textile Museum Sarawak Kuching is also home to the first ever planetarium in Malaysia 133 the Sultan Iskandar Planetarium which adjacent to the Kuching Civic Centre Historical Edit The Astana one of the historical landmarks in the city Interesting historical landmarks and sites of Kuching include The Astana the former palace of the White Rajahs and currently the official residence of the Yang di Pertua Negeri of Sarawak and Fort Margherita The oldest street of Kuching is the Main Bazaar a row of 19th century Chinese shophouses located along the Kuching Waterfront overlooking the Sarawak River It offers the city s best concentration of antique and handicraft shops The Main Bazaar is part of Kuching s old town which also includes the Carpenter Street and India Street 134 The old Courthouse building which sits in between Carpenter Street and India Street has undergone major renovation and now houses the Sarawak Tourism Board complex 135 Some other interesting areas around the central business district include Padungan Street which is the Chinatown of Kuching 136 In 2014 calls for the Historic Monuments of Kuching s inclusion in the world heritage list were made public 137 In 2017 a study was conducted on the possibility of Kuching to be nominated in the world heritage list 138 Darul Hana Bridge at night Leisure and conservation areas Edit A number of leisure spots and conservation areas can be found in Kuching The Talang Satang National Park was established with the primary aim of conserving Sarawak s marine turtle population 139 It covers a total area of approximately 19 400 hectares 47 938 acres and comprises all lands below the high tide marks on the respective islands 140 The park also comprises the coastline and sea surrounding four islands of the southwest coast of Sarawak Talang Besar Talang Kecil off Sematan and Satang Besar and Satang Kecil off Santubong near Kuching 139 These four Turtle Islands are responsible for 95 of all the turtle landings in Sarawak and the park also includes the Tukong Ara Banun Island Wildlife Sanctuary two tiny islets which are important nesting sites for colonies of bridled terns and black naped terns 140 Damai one of Sarawak s main beach resort area is located on the Santubong Peninsula about 35 minutes drive from Kuching 141 The area has sandy beaches at the foot of an imposing jungle covered mountain Damai features three world class resort hotels such as the Damai Beach Resort Damai Puri Resort and Spa and One Hotel Santubong 142 Each resort has their own private beach swimming pool and offers jet skiing waterskiing windsurfing mountain biking tennis squash and fitness centres There is also an international standard 18 hole golf course designed by the legendary Arnold Palmer located nearby 143 Other attractions include the Damai Central Permai Rainforest Resort Sarawak Cultural Village and the sleepy fishing villages of Santubong and Buntal with their excellent seafood restaurants 141 While for visitors who like adventurous activities there is a trekking activity on Mount Santubong 142 Aside from that Damai is also one of the places in Sarawak to see the Irrawaddy dolphin as the mammals can be spotted along the Salak River Santubong estuary and at the Bako Buntal Bay 144 The Santubong Peninsula offers a few sites for bird watching with the BirdLife International Organisation has registered the whole area on Bako Buntal Bay as an Important Bird Area 42 Between October and March the Buntal River becomes an important wintering ground for bird migration 42 Birds which have been spotted by the Malaysian Nature Society Kuching Branch at Buntal include a variety of plovers sandpipers egrets terns and other rare migrants while resident birds include collared kingfisher the white bellied sea eagle and brahminy kite 145 National parks in Kuching include the Bako National Park 146 and the Kuching Wetlands National Park 147 as well as the Semenggoh Wildlife Centre which operates an orangutan orphanage and rehabilitation program 148 Also available near Kuching are the Gunung Gading National Park 149 and the Kubah National Park 150 Located about 40 minutes drive from Kuching is Santubong a prominent beach resort area home to numerous world class beach resorts Other beaches near Kuching are the Lundu Beach and the Sematan Beach 151 The Borneo Highlands Resort is also nearby located 1000 metres above sea level 152 Other sights Edit New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building Former Madrasah Melayu Kuching which is now as Islamic Heritage Museum The Kuching Waterfront is a 2 kilometre long riverside esplanade stretching from the main hotel and commercial heartland of the city to downtown Kuching 153 Designed by Sydney architects 153 the waterfront landscaped is served with food stalls restaurants benches and offers an excellent views of the Astana Fort Margherita and the New Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Building 21 The waterfront also features an observation tower an open air theatre and musical fountains 21 The Kuching Orangutan Murals are vital images of a wheelbarrow filled with eight young orangutans and another baby orangutan swinging from a pipe It was painted by Ernest Zacharevic along Power Street in the city on 27 April 2014 This latest mural is painted in Zacharevic s usual interactive style with an actual wheelbarrow sliced into half and secured to the wall to enable the public to take selfies while holding onto the handle On the other hand the baby orangutan was painted over a nail on the wall where people can place items in its hand 154 Shopping Edit See also List of shopping malls in Malaysia Kuching features a number of shopping malls These include VivaCity Megamall Aeon Mall Kuching Central The Spring Plaza Merdeka Farley Mall CityONE Megamall Kuching Sentral Emart Lee Ling Emart Batu Kawa Emart Tabuan Jaya Eco Mall MetroMall Aeroville Mall Eastern Mall Matang Mall Sarawak Plaza Riverside Shopping Complex Majma Mall Moyan Square Genesis Parade Green Heights Mall Wisma Saberkas and many more 14 More shopping malls are set to open in the city as construction continues 14 The Satok Weekend Market is located at Medan Niaga Satok and operated in Saturdays and Sundays A varieties of vegetables and fruits can be found there including other handicrafts forest produce such as wild honey orchid plants and a whole range of local snacks and delicacies 155 Entertainment Edit See also List of cinemas in Malaysia A puppet show in Kuching c 1919 There are five cinemas located around the city most of them located inside shopping malls buildings The Spring CityONE VivaCity Riverside Summer Mall Most of the cinemas are owned by either Golden Screen Cinemas MBO Cinemas Lotus Five Star and TGV Cinemas 156 Bookaroo a children s literature festival travelled from India to Kuching since 2016 and takes place in April on the city every year to featuring the Bookaroo Kuching Fest The festival invites authors illustrators storytellers and performers from all over the world urging children to bring books with them 157 158 Music Edit Since 1997 Kuching has been host to the Rainforest World Music Festival RWMF an annual music festival which brings performers and spectators to the region from all over the world Hosted by the Sarawak Cultural Village near the Mount Santubong the festival is now one of the largest musical events in Malaysia 159 160 161 RWMF had been voted as Top 25 Best International Festivals by the British based magazine Songlines 162 Radio stations Edit Music radio station set up in Sarawak is Radio Klasik FM 87 6 Nasional FM 88 1 Sarawak FM 88 9 TraXX FM 89 9 Ai FM 90 7 Cats FM 99 3 Hot FM 94 3 Hitz 95 3 Era 96 1 My 96 9 Mix 97 7 One FM 98 3 Lite Sarawak 100 1 Bernama Radio 100 9 Sinar 102 1 and Melody 103 7 International relations EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Malaysia Several countries have set up their consulates in Kuching including Australia 163 Brunei 164 China 165 Denmark 166 France 167 Indonesia 168 Poland 169 and the United Kingdom 170 Sister cities Edit Kuching currently has ten sister cities Dali China 171 Kunming China 172 Xiamen China 173 Zhenjiang China 174 Bandung Indonesia 175 176 Pontianak Indonesia 177 Singkawang Indonesia 178 Johor Bahru Malaysia 177 Jeddah Saudi Arabia 177 Guro South Korea 179 See also Edit Malaysia portalTua Pek Kong Temple Kuching Archdiocese of Kuching Kuching Heroes Cemetery List of roads in KuchingReferences Edit a b Briefing By The Mayor of Kuching North Kuching North City Hall Economic Planning Unit Prime Minister s Department Malaysia Archived from the original on 19 December 2013 Retrieved 19 December 2013 Kuching Malaysia Weather History and Climate Data World Climate Archived from the original on 1 December 2014 Retrieved 28 March 2015 Malaysia Elevation Map Elevation of Kuching Flood Map Water Level Elevation Map Archived from the original on 22 August 2015 Retrieved 22 August 2015 a b Kit Lee Yu 20 January 2007 Scaling Santubong The Star Malaysia Retrieved 28 March 2015 Malaysia Population 2019 World Population Review 4 February 2019 Retrieved 19 April 2019 a b c City of Kuching Ordinance PDF Sarawak State Attorney General s Chambers 1988 p 3 Chapter 48 The Report Sarawak 2011 Oxford Business Group 2011 pp 13 ISBN 978 1 907065 47 7 Retrieved 18 July 2013 a b Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims 2010 page 1 amp 8 PDF Department of Statistics Malaysia Archived from the original PDF on 5 February 2015 Retrieved 19 July 2013 a b c d e Trudy Ring Robert M Salkin Sharon La Boda January 1996 International Dictionary of Historic Places Asia and Oceania Taylor amp Francis pp 497 498 ISBN 978 1 884964 04 6 Christina Umpi 2011 A review of the centralized sewerage system for Kuching City PDF Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Archived from the original PDF on 31 December 2017 Retrieved 31 December 2017 Kuching Creative Cities Network en unesco org Retrieved 23 September 2022 John Brunton 21 January 2017 Kuching Malaysia what to see plus the best restaurants hotels and bars The Guardian Archived from the original on 31 December 2017 Retrieved 31 December 2017 Raymond Frederick Watters T G McGee 1997 Asia Pacific New Geographies of the Pacific Rim Hurst amp Company pp 311 ISBN 978 1 85065 321 9 a b c d e The Report Sarawak 2008 Oxford Business Group 2008 pp 30 56 69 amp 136 ISBN 978 1 902339 95 5 a b c d e Trudy Ring Noelle Watson Paul Schellinger 12 November 2012 Asia and Oceania International Dictionary of Historic Places Routledge pp 866 ISBN 978 1 136 63979 1 Retrieved 18 July 2013 a b c d e Origin of Name Kuching Asia Tourism Alliance Archived from the original on 4 February 2015 Retrieved 4 February 2015 Rowthorn C Cohen M Williams C 2008 In Borneo Ediz Inglese Archived 16 December 2022 at the Wayback Machine Lonely Planet p 162 Google Book Search Retrieved 4 February 2015 Paulo Alcazaren 17 September 2011 Truly cool Kuching The Philippine Star Archived from the original on 6 June 2014 Retrieved 6 June 2014 Sarawak Museum 1993 A brief history of Kuching Sarawak Museum Francis Chan The Borneo Post 1 September 2013 a b c d e Pat Foh Chang 1999 Legends and History of Sarawak Chang Pat Foh ISBN 978 983 9475 06 7 Retrieved 13 July 2012 a b c d e Faisal S Hazis Mohd Faisal Syam Abdol Hazis 2012 Domination and Contestation Muslim Bumiputera Politics in Sarawak Institute of Southeast Asian Studies pp 5 25 26 29 ISBN 978 981 4311 58 8 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Borneo Ediz Inglese Lonely Planet 2008 pp 162 ISBN 978 1 74059 105 8 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Margaret Brooke 1913 My Life in Sarawak Methuen amp Company Limited p 62 a b Charles De Ledesma Mark Lewis Pauline Savage 2003 Malaysia Singapore and Brunei Rough Guides pp 414 ISBN 978 1 84353 094 7 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Patricia Hului 16 September 2014 The last goodbye The Borneo Post Seeds Archived from the original on 31 December 2017 Retrieved 31 December 2017 Steven Runciman 3 February 2011 The White Rajah A History of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946 Cambridge University Press pp 248 ISBN 978 0 521 12899 5 Retrieved 18 July 2013 a b c Patricia Pui Huen Lim Diana Wong 2000 War and Memory in Malaysia and Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies pp 125 127 ISBN 978 981 230 037 9 Retrieved 18 July 2013 HMAS Kapunda Royal Australian Navy Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 a b Keat Gin Ooi 1 January 2004 Southeast Asia A Historical Encyclopedia from Angkor Wat to Timor R Z volume three ABC CLIO pp 1177 ISBN 978 1 57607 770 2 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Jackson 9 March 2006 British Empire and 2ND Ww E Continuum pp 445 ISBN 978 0 8264 4049 5 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Keat Gin Ooi 1998 Japanese Empire in the Tropics Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak Northwest Borneo 1941 1945 Ohio Univ Center for Internat Studies pp 6 11 ISBN 978 0 89680 199 8 Yvonne Byron 1995 In Place of the Forest Environmental and Socio Economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay Peninsula United Nations University Press pp 215 ISBN 978 92 808 0893 3 James Stuart Olson Robert Shadle 1996 Historical Dictionary of the British Empire A J Greenwood Publishing Group pp 200 ISBN 978 0 313 29366 5 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Gerard A Postiglione Jason Tan 2007 Going to School in East Asia Greenwood Publishing Group pp 210 ISBN 978 0 313 33633 1 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Pat Foh Chang 1999 Legends and history of Sarawak Chang Pat Foh ISBN 978 983 9475 07 4 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Boon Kheng Cheah 2002 Malaysia The Making of a Nation Institute of Southeast Asian Studies pp 93 ISBN 978 981 230 175 8 Retrieved 18 July 2013 a b History Council of the City of Kuching South 14 May 2014 Archived from the original on 15 May 2014 Retrieved 16 May 2014 Kuching towards a new horizon Kuching Municipal Council 1988 Retrieved 18 July 2013 Kuching to celebrate new status as City of Unity The Star Malaysia 31 July 2015 Retrieved 31 August 2015 Blake Chen 29 July 2015 Kuching to be declared world s first City of Unity Free Malaysia Today Archived from the original on 22 August 2015 Retrieved 31 August 2015 a b c d Tamara Thiessen 2012 Borneo Sabah Brunei Sarawak Bradt Travel Guides pp 244 246 266 ISBN 978 1 84162 390 0 Retrieved 20 July 2013 CM Wee Hong Seng appointed MBKS mayor Junaidi Reduan new DBKU Datuk Bandar The Borneo Post Online 22 August 2019 Retrieved 24 October 2020 Sarawak Population By Administrative District 2000 amp 2010 PDF Sarawak Fact and Figures by State Planning Unit Chief Minister s Department Sarawak State Government 2012 pp 11 16 Archived from the original PDF on 16 October 2014 Retrieved 6 June 2014 Various Studies Aiming To Develop A Better Kuching Greater Kuching Urban and Regional Study Shankland Cox Ltd Sarawak State Government Retrieved 6 June 2014 Alastair Morrison 1 January 1993 Fair Land Sarawak Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official SEAP Publications pp 93 ISBN 978 0 87727 712 5 Retrieved 19 July 2013 a b Thomas Cook Venture into Borneo PDF Thomas Cook Tours Retrieved 10 November 2013 Borneo has a typically equatorial climate with temperatures fairly constant throughout the year page 17 Kuching Malaysia Weather History and Climate Data WorldClimate Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 28 June 2008 General Climate of Malaysia Sunshine and Solar Radiation Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation Malaysia Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 Doreena Dominick Mohd Talib Latif Hafizan Juahir Ahmad Zaharin Aris Sharifuddin M Zain An assessment of influence of meteorological factors on PM10 and NO2 at selected stations in Malaysia PDF Department of Environmental Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics Universiti Putra Malaysia School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Department of Chemistry Universiti Malaya Archived from the original PDF on 10 November 2013 Retrieved 10 November 2013 CLIMAT summary for 96413 Kuching Malaysia Section 2 Monthly Normals CLIMAT monthly weather summaries Ogimet Retrieved 21 January 2021 Kuching Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved 7 May 2014 Station Kuching in French Meteo Climat Retrieved 14 October 2016 Klimatafel von Kuching Insel Borneo Kalimantan Malaysia PDF Baseline climate means 1961 1990 from stations all over the world in German Deutscher Wetterdienst Retrieved 17 October 2016 Population Distribution by Local Authority Areas and Mukims 2022 PDF Statistics Department Malaysia December 2021 Archived from the original PDF on 30 June 2022 Retrieved 19 July 2013 Southeast Asian Exports Since the 14th Century Cloves Pepper Coffee and Sugar Institute of Southeast Asian 1 January 1998 pp 68 ISBN 978 981 3055 67 4 Retrieved 19 July 2013 Tim Huxley 13 September 2013 Disintegrating Indonesia Implications for Regional Security Routledge pp 79 ISBN 978 1 136 04928 6 Keeping tabs on illegal immigrants New Straits Times 22 August 1986 p 6 Retrieved 5 June 2014 Judith M Heimann 1998 The Most Offending Soul Alive Tom Harrisson and His Remarkable Life University of Hawaii Press pp 270 ISBN 978 0 8248 2199 9 Peter Sibon 8 December 2017 Bugis in Sarawak also Malaysians SBA chief The Borneo Post Archived from the original on 31 December 2017 Retrieved 31 December 2017 Damian Harper 2007 Malaysia Singapore amp Brunei Ediz Inglese Lonely Planet pp 339 ISBN 978 1 74059 708 1 Retrieved 19 July 2013 Justin Calderon 14 April 2013 Tourism through the eyes of Sarawak s big village Investvine Retrieved 20 July 2013 Idris Aman Rosniah Mustaffa 2009 Social Variation Of Malay Language In Kuching Sarawak Malaysia A Study On Accent Identity And Integration PDF GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities National University of Malaysia 9 1 66 ISSN 1675 8021 Archived from the original PDF on 6 June 2014 Retrieved 6 June 2014 a b Paitoon M Chaiyanara Sanggam Siahaan Hilman Pardede Selviana Napitupulu Basar Lolo Siahaan Siska Anggita Situmeang SIJLL Singapore International Journal of Language and Literature LLC Publishing pp 149 ISSN 2251 2829 Retrieved 20 July 2013 Richard L Schwenk 1973 The Potential for Rural Development in the New Seventh Division of Sarawak A Preliminary Background Report Institute of Southeast Asian pp 18 GGKEY NGE9XLE3DRH Retrieved 20 July 2013 Nelson Alcantara 7 February 2014 Kuching is as easy as ABC eTurbo News Retrieved 7 June 2014 Heidi Munan 15 October 2009 CultureShock Borneo A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd pp 113 ISBN 978 981 4484 49 7 Sarawak s Development Plans Sectoral Shift 1980 2010 from Primary to Secondary and Tertiary Sectors PDF State Planning Unit Chief Minister s Department United Nations Development Programme 2 August 2012 p 4 Retrieved 7 June 2014 a b Sarawak State Planning Unit leads the way towards 2020 economic ambitions Investvine 19 December 2011 Retrieved 7 June 2014 Industrial Estate by Division sarawak gov my Official website of the Sarawak Government Archived from the original on 15 March 2015 Retrieved 3 July 2015 Delegate prospectus Malaysia Global Business Forum Archived from the original on 14 March 2012 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Starbucks Coffee the official beverage at youth summit The Borneo Post Malaysia 14 March 2011 Archived from the original on 11 February 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Press release INTERNATIONAL HYDRO POWER ASSOCIATION TO BRING WORLD CONGRESS TO SARAWAK BORNEO IN 2013 Bernama Malaysia 14 July 2011 Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 28 January 2015 ASEAN Tourism Forum 2014 unwto org World Tourism Organization Archived from the original on 21 March 2015 Retrieved 3 July 2015 ATF 2014 was held in Kuching in the Malaysian province of Sarawak from the 16th 23rd of January Tan Kevin Ho Janet 6 February 2014 500 for Historic Routes Asia Conference New Sarawak Tribune Archived from the original on 4 July 2015 Retrieved 3 July 2015 Kuching now a permanent venue for Aiffa The Borneo Post Malaysia 19 June 2014 Archived from the original on 18 August 2014 Retrieved 28 August 2015 Kuching Port celebrated 44th Anniversary ASEAN Ports Association Archived from the original on 5 June 2010 Retrieved 21 October 2015 Introduction Port Information Kuching Port Authority Retrieved 21 October 2015 Terminals Kuching Port Authority Retrieved 21 October 2015 a b Jonathan Chia 25 July 2013 New landscaping for oldest roundabout The Borneo Post Archived from the original on 8 June 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2014 Lawrence Tseu 2006 URBAN TRANSPORT GROWTH THE CHALLENGES AHEAD THE NEW REALISM AND INSTITUTIONAL CHANGES PDF State Planning Unit Chief Minister s Office Sarawak Fourth Sabah Sarawak Environmental Convention Sabah State Government pp 11 23 Retrieved 8 June 2014 Martin Carvalho Yuen Meiking Rahimy Rahim 25 October 2012 Pan Borneo Highway to be upgraded The Star Retrieved 8 June 2014 Lonely Planet Daniel Robinson Adam Karlin Paul Stiles 1 May 2013 Lonely Planet Borneo Lonely Planet pp 276 ISBN 978 1 74321 651 4 Jacky 17 March 2014 Taxi booking app MyTeksi launches in Kuching one of the most improbable Malaysian city Vulcan Post Yahoo News Archived from the original on 8 June 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2014 CITY PUBLIC LINK BUS SERVICE Sarawak BUS TRUCK Community www facebook com Kuching Metro kuchingmetro my Sharon Kong 12 February 2014 Kuching Sentral system boosts bus companies sales and revenues The Borneo Post Archived from the original on 8 June 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2014 Kuching Bus Terminal Express Bus Malaysia Archived from the original on 8 June 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2014 Kuching Sentral e tawau 24 March 2013 Archived from the original on 8 June 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2014 John Teo 9 March 2012 Stand off over Kuching Sentral New Straits Times AsiaOne Archived from the original on 8 June 2014 Retrieved 8 June 2014 Outlook Publishing September 2008 Outlook Traveller Outlook Publishing pp 69 Sarawak Jabatan Kerja Raya 1974 Annual Report Tanah Puteh The Straits Times National Library Board 7 June 1961 p 8 Retrieved 9 June 2014 About Kuching International Airport Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad Retrieved 28 January 2015 2013 Annual Report PDF Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad Archived from the original PDF on 20 April 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Malaysia Airlines Hahn Air Retrieved 28 January 2015 The Air Asia Family Air Asia Retrieved 28 January 2015 MASWings MASWings Archived from the original on 20 May 2014 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Kuching Court Kuching High Court Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 KUCHING CITY NORTH PETRA JAYA PDF Sarawak Property Bulletin CH Williams Talhar Wong amp Yeo Sdn Bhd July September 2006 p 3 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Structure of The Court STRUCTURE OF THE HIGH COURT IN SABAH amp SARAWAK The High Court in Sabah and Sarawak Archived from the original on 30 March 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Name And Address of the State Syariah Judiciary Office E Syariah Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Native Courts of Sarawak Sarawak Native Court Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Alamat Ibu Pejabat Polis Diraja Malaysia Kuching Federal Secretary Office Sarawak Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Direktori PDRM Sarawak Kuching in Malay Royal Malaysia Police Retrieved 1 August 2015 Sarawak aims to recruit 2 280 volunteer reserves by 2017 Federal Secretary Office Sarawak 16 November 2014 Archived from the original on 27 February 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Kuching Prison Complex officially opened The Star 6 July 2012 Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Health in Sarawak Sarawak State Government Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Hospital Program Sarawak State Health Department Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 History of Sentosa Hospital PDF in Malay Sarawak State Health Department p 1 Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 About us Overview Normah Medical Specialist Centre Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 About us Borneo Medical Centre Archived from the original on 10 June 2014 Retrieved 10 June 2014 Hospitals based in Malaysia Hospital Directory Asia Archived from the original on 28 August 2015 Retrieved 28 August 2015 KPJ Healthcare Kuching Specialist Hospital Retrieved 10 June 2014 a b SENARAI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI NEGERI SARAWAK List of Secondary Schools in Sarawak See Kuching PDF Educational Management Information System Archived from the original PDF on 27 February 2015 Retrieved 9 June 2014 砂拉越华文独中通讯录 Communication directory of Sarawak Chinese independent schools in Chinese Archived from the original on 31 December 2013 Retrieved 1 March 2015 Tuah Yvonne 1 July 2013 Tunku Putra School offers unique education platform in Kuching The Borneo Post Archived from the original on 9 May 2015 Retrieved 9 May 2015 Lodge International School celebrates best IGCSE results in school history New Sarawak Tribune 31 January 2015 Archived from the original on 9 May 2015 Retrieved 9 May 2015 Umpang Matthew 21 October 2014 Iconic Sunny Hill a time tested school The Borneo Post Archived from the original on 9 May 2015 Retrieved 9 May 2015 Aubrey Samuel 7 January 2012 St Joseph s Private Schools open The Borneo Post Archived from the original on 15 April 2012 Retrieved 9 May 2015 Rudy Rukimin Rambli 5 February 2008 Samarahan Semakin Pesat Berkembang in Malay Bernama Archived from the original on 9 June 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Yu Ji 1 December 2013 Striving for two fold increase The Star Archived from the original on 9 June 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 PPKS Ilmu buys Inti College facility for RM22mil The Star 29 November 2013 Archived from the original on 9 June 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Help realise SCORE dream technical education institutions urged The Star 4 December 2013 Archived from the original on 9 June 2014 Retrieved 9 June 2014 Sarawak State Library Our Background Sarawak State Library Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 Sarawak State Library Public Library Services Sarawak State Library Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 Introduction to DBKU city library librarynet com my Archived from the original on 27 February 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Discover Sarawak Museum s architectural origins The Borneo Post Seeds 27 July 2015 Archived from the original on 3 August 2018 Retrieved 3 August 2018 Alice Yen Ho 1998 Old Kuching Oxford University Press ISBN 978 983 56 0050 0 Robert L Winzeler January 2004 The Architecture of Life and Death in Borneo University of Hawaii Press pp 160 ISBN 978 0 8248 2632 1 Jan van Harssel Richard H Jackson Lloyd E Hudman 23 January 2014 National Geographic Learning s Visual Geography of Travel and Tourism Cengage Learning pp 530 ISBN 978 1 305 17647 8 Sarawak Museum Department museum sarawak gov my Retrieved 23 September 2022 Asiatechnology Review Publishing Company Limited Main Bazaar and Carpenter Street Kuching Sarawak Tourism Retrieved 7 March 2017 Explore Kuching Heritage in 2 hours Kuching Sarawak Tourism 14 September 2012 Archived from the original on 7 February 2015 Retrieved 7 March 2017 Charles de Ledesma Mark Lewis Pauline Savage 2000 The Rough Guide to Malaysia Singapore amp Brunei Rough Guides ISBN 978 1 85828 565 8 Call for nomination of Kuching Waterfront to become Unesco World Heritage site The Borneo Post 19 November 2014 Retrieved 23 January 2019 Geryl Ogilvy 30 November 2017 Improving Kuching s chances of receiving Unesco recognition The Star Retrieved 23 January 2019 a b Talang Satang National Park a sanctuary for endangered turtles Bernama The Borneo Post 20 March 2012 Archived from the original on 6 August 2014 Retrieved 6 August 2014 a b Talang Satang National Park Sarawak Forestry Corporation Archived from the original on 6 August 2014 Retrieved 6 August 2014 a b Santubong Peninsula Damai Beach Resort and its surrounding e tawau 4 April 2013 Archived from the original on 6 August 2014 Retrieved 6 August 2014 a b Jane Bickersteth Amanda Hinton 1996 Malaysia amp Singapore Handbook Footprint Handbooks ISBN 978 0 8442 4909 4 About Damai Golf Damai Golf and Country Club Archived from the original on 30 July 2014 Retrieved 6 August 2014 Helen Oon 2008 Malaysia New Holland Publishers pp 60 ISBN 978 1 84537 971 1 Islands and Beaches of Sarawak Damai Beach Santubong Peninsula e tawau 6 August 2013 Archived from the original on 6 August 2014 Retrieved 6 August 2014 Bako National Park Sarawak forestry cooperation Archived from the original on 29 January 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Introducing Kuching Wetlands National Park Lonely Planet Archived from the original on 11 February 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Semenggoh Wildlife Centre Sarawak forestry cooperation Archived from the original on 11 February 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Gunung Gading National Park Sarawak forestry cooperation Archived from the original on 4 August 2014 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Kubah National Park Sarawak forestry cooperation Archived from the original on 2 December 2013 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Lundu Tourists Attractions is a mixture of nature beauty and sandy beaches Sarawak vacations destinations com Archived from the original on 23 June 2013 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Welcome to Borneo Highlands Resort Borneo Highlands Resort Archived from the original on 21 January 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 a b Craft Arts International Craft Art Pty Limited 1994 Zacharevic moves on to five more masterpieces on Kuching walls The Borneo Post 29 April 2014 Retrieved 4 August 2015 Satok Weekend Market Sarawak Tourism Archived from the original on 21 October 2020 Retrieved 7 March 2017 TGV to open first cinema in Sarawak next year The Sun 28 July 2013 Archived from the original on 15 September 2018 Retrieved 21 December 2015 Bookaroo Festival Kuching 2016 Bookaroo Archived from the original on 21 April 2017 Retrieved 21 April 2017 Bookaroo Festival Kuching 2017 Bookaroo Archived from the original on 21 April 2017 Retrieved 21 April 2017 Rainforest World Music Festival Tips for enjoying the RWMF near Kuching in Sarawak Borneo goasia about com Archived from the original on 10 July 2014 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Rainforest World Music Festival Join tens of thousands of melody makers and party goers in the Malaysian jungle for a three day long celebration of diverse musical styles from around the globe fest300 com Archived from the original on 24 October 2014 Retrieved 28 January 2015 7 Biggest Music Festivals in Asia for 2014 asiarooms com Archived from the original on 28 August 2014 Retrieved 28 January 2015 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link RWMF among 25 top festivals The Star 8 April 2011 Archived from the original on 11 February 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 Australian Consulate in Kuching Sarawak Malaysia Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australia Archived from the original on 23 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 Consulate General of Brunei Darussalam in Kuching Sarawak Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade Brunei Archived from the original on 6 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 Chinese Consulate General in Kuching Malaysia Ministry of Foreign Affairs China Retrieved 3 June 2014 Danish Consulates Ministry of Foreign Affairs Denmark Archived from the original on 6 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 Consulate Embassy of France in Kuala Lumpur Archived from the original on 6 June 2014 Retrieved 3 June 2014 Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia Kuching Consulate General of Indonesia Kuching Sarawak Malaysia Archived from the original on 5 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 Honorary Consulates in Malaysia PDF European External Action Service Retrieved 2 June 2013 Supporting British nationals in Malaysia Government of the United Kingdom Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 Working with local partners and honorary representatives in Penang Langkawi Kota Kinabalu and Kuching to assist British nationals DBKU and Bai ethnic group sign letter of intent The Borneo Post 7 May 2015 Archived from the original on 8 May 2015 Retrieved 8 May 2015 InKunming 20 April 2012 Kunming and Kuching build sister city relations en kunming cn Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 9 August 2012 Matthew Hoekstra 26 April 2012 Richmond to become 16th sister of Xiamen Richmond Review Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 Richmond will be Xiamen s first Canadian sister city and fourth in North America where Xiamen s other friends are Baltimore Md Sarasota Fla and Guadalajara Mexico Its other sister cities are Cardiff Wales Sasebo Japan Cebu Philippines Wellington New Zealand Penang Malaysia Marathon Greece Sunshine Coast Australia Kaunas Lithuania Zoetermeer Netherlands Kuching Malaysia Surabaya Indonesia and Mokpo South Korea Cities abroad keen to forge ties with Kuching New Straits Times 2 August 2012 Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 M Zezen Zainal M 21 September 2019 Sarawak Malaysia Jajaki Kerjasama Sister City dengan Kota Bandung Sarawak Malaysia Establish Sister City Co operation with Bandung City in Indonesian Bandung Kita Archived from the original on 26 September 2019 Retrieved 26 September 2019 Brilliant Awal 21 September 2019 Sarawak Malaysia Ajak Kota Bandung Jadi Sister City Sarawak Malaysia Invites Bandung City To Become Sister City in Indonesian Gala Media News Archived from the original on 26 September 2019 Retrieved 26 September 2019 a b c Yu Ji 27 August 2011 Kuching bags one of only two coveted Tourist City Award in Asia The Star Retrieved 1 July 2015 Rendra Oxtora Aria Cindyara Fardah Assegaf 9 July 2019 Sarawak Chambers explore cooperation with Singkawang Antara Archived from the original on 26 September 2019 Retrieved 26 September 2019 Eve Sonary Heng 30 August 2012 MBKS establishes relationship with Korean city The Borneo Post Archived from the original on 4 June 2014 Retrieved 4 June 2014 Notes Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kuching Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Kuching Mata Kucing is a close relative of Longan Euphoria longana PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 March 2014 Retrieved 6 June 2014 Mata Kucing is similar to that of Longan fruit Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 6 June 2014 Not to be confused with Padawan municipality Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kuching amp oldid 1150766288, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.