Muhammad Shah (born Awang Alak Betatar)[1] established the Sultanate of Brunei and was its first sultan, possibly from 1363 to 1402. The genealogy of Muhammad Shah is unclear,[2][3] and is based on several historical sources and legends.
The early life of Muhammad Shah is unknown.[citation needed] The current Sultanate of Brunei was formed by Muhammad Shah, with the help of his brothers Awang Pateh Berbai (also known as Ahmad of Brunei, the second Sultan of Brunei) and Awang Semaun. He ruled from 1368[3] to his death in 1402.[1] He ruled as Raja Awang Alak Betatar until the early 1360s,[3] at which point he converted to Islam to marry the daughter of the King of Temasik (Old Singapore, known as that time in Brunei as Johor).[3][1]
It is unclear whom Muhammad Shah married, but it is reported either as the daughter of Iskandar Shah, or the daughter of Sang Nila Utama, both of the House of Sang Sapurba.[3]
It was noted that Muhammad Shah founded the Sultanate. He sent a mission to China in 1371; the Ming Shih (Book 325), a contemporaneous Chinese reference book, noted that the King of Brunei in 1370 was Ma-ho-mo-sa. Local Brunei historians take this to refer to "Muhammad Shah" the first Islamic Sultan of Brunei, however others take it to read as "Mahmud Shah".[2] Another viewpoint is that Ma-ho-mo-sa could be pronounced as "Maha Moksha", which means Great Eternity, a Buddhist name; this is in keeping by the Chinese record of his successor also having a Buddhist name.[2]
His daughter, Princess Ratna Dewi, allegedly married a Chinese immigrant by the name of Ong Sum Ping also named Ong Sum Ping who started a trading station at Mumiang on the Kinabatangan River. For this he was conferred the nobility title of Pengiran Maharaja Lela and elected Chief of Kinabatangan.[4][5]
There is evidence that there was an Islamic presence in the current area of Brunei before the current Sultanate - there is evidence that there was also a pre-existing Muslim dynasty in the area.[2][3]
^ abcdeJatswan S. Sidhu (22 December 2009). Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam. Scarecrow Press. p. 20. ISBN978-0-8108-7078-9.
^ abcd. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
^ abcdefElisseeff, Vadime (January 2000). "Chapter 8: A Brunei Sultan of the Early Fourteenth Century - A Study of an Arabic Gravestone". The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce. Berghahn Books. pp. 145–157. ISBN978-1-57181-222-3. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
^Pusat Sejarah Brunei "Pusat Sejarah Brunei". Archived from the original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
^Muhammad Jamil Al-Sufri.(1990). Tarsilah Brunei- Sejarah Awal dan Perkembangan Islam. Bandar Seri Begawan: Jabatan Pusat Sejarah
External links
January 31, 2023
muhammad, shah, brunei, other, uses, muhammad, shah, disambiguation, muhammad, shah, born, awang, alak, betatar, established, sultanate, brunei, first, sultan, possibly, from, 1363, 1402, genealogy, muhammad, shah, unclear, based, several, historical, sources,. For other uses see Muhammad Shah disambiguation Muhammad Shah born Awang Alak Betatar 1 established the Sultanate of Brunei and was its first sultan possibly from 1363 to 1402 The genealogy of Muhammad Shah is unclear 2 3 and is based on several historical sources and legends Paduka Sultan Muhammad Shah1st Sultan of BruneiReign1363 AD 1402 AD 1 PredecessorPosition EstablishedSuccessorAbdul Majid HassanBorn14th centuryBruneiDied1402 CE 1 FatherIbrahim ShahMotherTunku MalaReligionSunni Islam Contents 1 Biography 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksBiography EditThe early life of Muhammad Shah is unknown citation needed The current Sultanate of Brunei was formed by Muhammad Shah with the help of his brothers Awang Pateh Berbai also known as Ahmad of Brunei the second Sultan of Brunei and Awang Semaun He ruled from 1368 3 to his death in 1402 1 He ruled as Raja Awang Alak Betatar until the early 1360s 3 at which point he converted to Islam to marry the daughter of the King of Temasik Old Singapore known as that time in Brunei as Johor 3 1 Muhammad Shah died in 1402 and was succeeded by Sultan Abdul Majid Hassan It is unclear whom Muhammad Shah married but it is reported either as the daughter of Iskandar Shah or the daughter of Sang Nila Utama both of the House of Sang Sapurba 3 It was noted that Muhammad Shah founded the Sultanate He sent a mission to China in 1371 the Ming Shih Book 325 a contemporaneous Chinese reference book noted that the King of Brunei in 1370 was Ma ho mo sa Local Brunei historians take this to refer to Muhammad Shah the first Islamic Sultan of Brunei however others take it to read as Mahmud Shah 2 Another viewpoint is that Ma ho mo sa could be pronounced as Maha Moksha which means Great Eternity a Buddhist name this is in keeping by the Chinese record of his successor also having a Buddhist name 2 His daughter Princess Ratna Dewi allegedly married a Chinese immigrant by the name of Ong Sum Ping also named Ong Sum Ping who started a trading station at Mumiang on the Kinabatangan River For this he was conferred the nobility title of Pengiran Maharaja Lela and elected Chief of Kinabatangan 4 5 There is evidence that there was an Islamic presence in the current area of Brunei before the current Sultanate there is evidence that there was also a pre existing Muslim dynasty in the area 2 3 See also EditList of Sultans of BruneiReferences Edit a b c d e Jatswan S Sidhu 22 December 2009 Historical Dictionary of Brunei Darussalam Scarecrow Press p 20 ISBN 978 0 8108 7078 9 a b c d The golden history of Islam in Brunei the Brunei Times Archived from the original on 3 October 2015 Retrieved 2 October 2015 a b c d e f Elisseeff Vadime January 2000 Chapter 8 A Brunei Sultan of the Early Fourteenth Century A Study of an Arabic Gravestone The Silk Roads Highways of Culture and Commerce Berghahn Books pp 145 157 ISBN 978 1 57181 222 3 Retrieved 26 December 2013 Pusat Sejarah Brunei Pusat Sejarah Brunei Archived from the original on 5 August 2012 Retrieved 27 January 2017 Muhammad Jamil Al Sufri 1990 Tarsilah Brunei Sejarah Awal dan Perkembangan Islam Bandar Seri Begawan Jabatan Pusat SejarahExternal links EditSultan Sultan Brunei Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Muhammad Shah of Brunei amp oldid 1121135904, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
