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Wikipedia

Kenneth C. Griffin

December 27, 2022

For the organist, see Kenneth W. Griffin.

Kenneth Cordele Griffin (born October 15, 1968) is an American hedge fund manager, entrepreneur and investor. He is the founder, chief executive officer, co-chief investment officer, and 80% owner of Citadel LLC,[1][2] a multinational hedge fund. He also owns Citadel Securities, one of the largest market makers in the U.S.[3]

Ken Griffin
Griffin in 2017
Born
Kenneth Cordele Griffin

(1968-10-15) October 15, 1968 (age 54)
Daytona Beach, Florida, U.S.
EducationHarvard University (BA)
Occupation(s)Hedge fund manager
Entrepreneur
Investor
Years active1990–present
Known forFounder of Citadel LLC and Citadel Securities
TitleCEO and co-CIO, Citadel LLC
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
Katherine Weingartt
​
(div. 1996)​

​
​
(m. 2003; div. 2015)​
Children3

In 2022 Griffin had an estimated net worth of US$27.2 billion and was ranked 53rd on the Forbes 400 list of richest people in the United States.[4]

Griffin has contributed tens of millions of dollars to political candidates and causes, primarily those of the Republican Party. He has also donated to a number of charitable causes, particularly in the fields of education and the arts. He owns an art collection valued at $800 million and personal residences valued in total at over $1 billion.

Early life and education

Griffin was born in 1968 in Daytona Beach, Florida, the son of a building supplies executive.[5] Griffin's father had various jobs, and was a project manager for General Electric.[6] Griffin's grandmother, Genevieve Huebsch Gratz, inherited an oil business, three farms, and a seed business.[7]

Griffin grew up in Boca Raton, Florida, with some time in Texas, and Wisconsin.[8] He went to middle school in Boca Raton[6] followed by Boca Raton Community High School, where he was the president of the math club.[8][9] In high school, Griffin ran a discount mail-order education software firm out of his bedroom called EDCOM.[9] In a 1986 article in the Sun-Sentinel, Griffin stated that he thought he would become a businessman or lawyer and that he believed the job market for computer programmers would significantly decrease over the coming decade.[9]

Griffin started at Harvard College in the fall of 1986.[8] That year, one of his first investments was to buy put options on Home Shopping Network, making a $5,000 profit.[10] He also invested in convertible arbitrage opportunities in convertible bonds.[8] Despite a ban on running businesses from campus, Griffin convinced school administrators to allow him to install a satellite dish on the roof of the Cabot House dormitory to receive stock quotes.[10][8] He also asked Terrence J. O’Connor, the manager of convertible bonds at Merrill Lynch in Boston, to open a brokerage account for him with $100,000 that Griffin had gotten from his grandmother, his dentist, and others.[6][8] His first fund launched in 1987 with $265,000, days after his 19th birthday.[8] The fund launched in time to profit from short positions on Black Monday (1987).[8] Griffin graduated in 1989 with a degree in economics.[11]

Career

After graduating in 1989, Griffin moved to Chicago to work with Frank Meyer, founder of Glenwood Capital Investments.[12][13] Meyer allotted $1 million of Glenwood capital for Griffin to trade[13] and Griffin made 70% in a year.[8]

A year later, in 1990, Griffin founded Citadel LLC, with assets under management of $4.6 million, aided by contributions from Meyer.[13] His funds made 43% in 1991 and 40% in 1992.[10]

In the early 2000s, Griffin founded market maker Citadel Securities.[14][15]

In 2003, aged 34, Griffin was the youngest individual on the Forbes 400 with an estimated net worth of $650 million.[16]

From the time of his marriage in 2003 until late 2009, Griffin was the lead investor in Aragon Global Management, a hedge fund run by his then-wife Anne Dias-Griffin. The fund was also seeded with money from Julian Robertson. Ken lost 20% of his investment in the fund.[17]

In 2006, Citadel acquired the positions of Amaranth Advisors at a steep discount.[8]

During the financial crisis of 2007-2008, for 10 months, Griffin barred his investors from withdrawing money, attracting criticism.[2][18] At the peak of the crisis, the firm was losing "hundreds of millions of dollars each week".[19] It was leveraged 7:1 and the biggest funds at Citadel finished 2008 down 55%. However, they rebounded with a 62% return in 2009.[8]

From Citadel LLC, Griffin earned $900 million in 2009,[20] $1.4 billion in 2014[21] $600 million in 2016,[22] $1.4 billion in 2017,[23][24] $870 million in 2018,[25] $1.5 billion in 2019,[26] and $1.8 billion in 2020.[27]

In 2015, at his own expense, Griffin hired Katy Perry and Maroon 5 to entertain his employees.[28]

In November 2020, according to Bloomberg News, Griffin's net worth surpassed $20 billion due to an increase the value of Citadel, of which Griffin's stake was worth $11.2 billion.[29] Citadel Securities, a market maker, increased its profit to $2.36 billion during the first half of 2020 compared to $982 million for the same period in 2019 due to increased volatility, volume and retail trader engagement.[30][31]

In January 2021, Griffin attracted criticism for the role played by Citadel in the GameStop short squeeze.[32] On January 25, it was announced that Griffin's Citadel would invest $2 billion into Melvin Capital, which had suffered losses of more than 30% on account of its short positions, particularly on GameStop.[33][34][35] On January 28, Robinhood, an electronic trading platform favored by many traders involved in buying GameStop stock and options, abruptly announced that it would halt all purchases of GameStop securities except to cover shorts and would only allow these securities to be sold if already held (but not sold short); the price of GME stock declined steeply shortly thereafter.[36] Because Robinhood receives a substantial portion of its revenue through a payment for order flow relationship with Citadel Securities LLC, 85% of which is owned by Griffin, many commentators criticized the potential for a conflict of interest when the same entity both plays the role of market-maker and also participates in the market that it makes; Griffin personally has been at the center of much discussion on this controversy.[37][38][39][40][41] On February 18, 2021, Griffin testified before the House Financial Services Committee to address his role in the GameStop controversy;[41][42] Griffin has donated money directly to four congresspeople on the committee, including Republicans French Hill, Andy Barr, Ann Wagner, and Bill Huizenga.[41]

Philanthropy

Education

Griffin has worked with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in the promotion of charter schools in the U.S.[8] and to fund tutoring.[43]

In 2011, he worked with University of Chicago economics professor John A. List to test whether investment in teachers or in parents produces better student performance outcomes.[44]

At the beginning of 2014, Griffin made a $150 million donation to the financial aid program at Harvard University, his alma mater, the largest single donation ever made to the institution at the time.[45][46]

In 2014, he was elected to a five-year term on the University of Chicago's board of trustees. He is also a member of the Economic Club of Chicago and the civic committee of the Commercial Club of Chicago.[47] Griffin is the vice chairman of the Chicago Public Education Fund.[45]

In October 2017, Griffin's charitable fund donated $1 million to the Obama Foundation.[48][49]

In November 2017, Griffin's charitable fund made a $125 million gift to support the Department of Economics of the University of Chicago, renamed the Kenneth C. Griffin Department of Economics.[50]

In April 2021, he donated $5 million to an initiative to provide Internet access to students in Miami.[51]

Griffin donated $21.5 million to the Field Museum of Natural History and its dinosaur exhibit is named the Griffin Dinosaur Experience.[52]

In October 2019, Griffin's charitable fund announced a $125 million gift to the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, the largest gift in the museum's history. The museum will be renamed the Kenneth C. Griffin Museum of Science and Industry.[53][54]

In November 2021, Griffin outbid a group of crypto investors to purchase the last privately held copy of the United States Constitution at auction for $43.2 million. Griffin stated "I intend to ensure that this copy of our Constitution will be available for all Americans and visitors to view and appreciate in our museums and other public spaces", with plans to display it first at the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas.[55][56]

Poverty

In 2010, Griffin contributed to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra's productions at Millennium Park.[5] He supported the University of Chicago's Center for Urban School Improvement, a program encouraging the construction of an inner-city charter high school,[5] and contributed to the Lurie Children's Hospital.[57]

In 2017, Griffin contributed $15 million to the Robin Hood Foundation.[58]

In May 2022, The University of Chicago announced a $25 million donation from Kenneth Grifin to launch an initiative design to train police managers and prevent neighbourhood violence. The funds will aid in launching two community Safety Leadership Academies. The Policing Management Academy aims to professionalise departments by educating their leaders though coaching, accountability and data-driven decision making. This donation came after Griffins $10 million donation to the Crime Lab in 2018 to implement an early intervention system to investigate citizens' complaints.[59]

Arts

Griffin has been on the board of trustees of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago since 2000 and regularly supports its exhibitions.[60]

In July 2007, Griffin donated a $19 million addition to the Art Institute of Chicago that was designed by Renzo Piano and named Kenneth and Anne Griffin Court.[61] The Paul Cézanne paintings have also been loaned to the institute.[5]

Griffin has contributed to the Art Institute of Chicago.[8] He serves on the board of trustees at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, whose lobby bears his name: Kenneth C. Griffin Hall.[62] In February 2015, Griffin donated $10 million to the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago and used to create the Griffin Galleries of Contemporary Art.[60][63]

In December 2015, he donated an unrestricted $40 million to the Museum of Modern Art in New York.[62]

In 2018, he donated $20 million to the Norton Museum of Art.[64]

In 2021 he outbid a group of crypto investors to purchase an original copy of the US Constitution for $43.2 million.[65]

Religion

Griffin is a member of the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago, where he was married.[66][67] In 2011, Griffin donated $11.5 million of the $38.2 million needed to build a new chapel at the church.[66] The modern building is called "The Gratz Center" in honor of Griffin's grandparents.[66]

COVID-19 donations

Griffin oversaw a $2 million donation from Citadel and Citadel Securities to Weill Cornell Medicine to help to fund the development of new ways to protect people from COVID-19 and to identify new cases of the illness.[68]

In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Griffin contributed $2.5 million to support food services for children in Chicago Public Schools.[69]

In May 2020, Griffin and his partners at Citadel made a £3 million donation to help develop a COVID-19 vaccine and to support Nightingale Hospital.[70]

Personal life

Marriages

Griffin's first wife was Katherine Weingartt, his high school sweetheart. The couple divorced in 1996.[71][72]

In March 2002, Griffin met his second wife Anne Dias-Griffin after being set up on a blind date by a mutual friend.[67][73] She is a French-born graduate of Harvard Business School who worked at Goldman Sachs, Soros Fund Management, and Viking Global Investors prior to starting Chicago-based $55 million firm[74] Aragon Global Management.[75] The couple married in July 2003[17] and had three children.[75]

In July 2014, Griffin filed a divorce petition in Cook County, Illinois citing "irreconcilable differences" with his second wife.[76][77] The couple had entered into a prenuptial agreement which governed the split of their assets in the event of a divorce.[75][78][79][80] As part of the prenuptial agreement, Dias-Griffin received $22.5 million at the beginning of their marriage and received an additional $1 million each year they were married.[76][78] During the marriage, she received $37 million in cash payments and 50% ownership of their Chicago penthouse, which occupies three floors of the building.[81] In court fillings, she claimed that she was forced to sign the prenuptial agreement.[76][82] She also claimed that Ken Griffin had no right to enter the Chicago penthouse.[83][84] He allegedly forbade her from entering homes in Hawaii, Miami, Colorado and New York.[76] In later court filings, Dias-Griffin requested $1 million per month in child support payments, including $300,000 per month for private jet travel, $160,000 per month for vacation rentals, and $60,000 per month for office space and staff.[85][86][87][88] Griffin claimed that Dias-Griffin was attempting to use child support to fund her "opulent lifestyle".[89] During the divorce, she requested $450,000 for a 10-day vacation to St. Barts over winter break with their three children. Griffin denied her request but agreed to pay $45,000 for a winter vacation.[90][91][73] The couple settled their divorce out of court in October 2015, just hours before a public trial over the prenuptial agreement was set to begin.[92][76] As part of the divorce, Griffin paid $11.75 million to buy out his wife's interest in their Chicago penthouse.[93] He maintains joint custody of his children with his ex-wife.[76][94][95][96][82]

Political views

 
Ken Griffin's federal political contributions since 1996

In a 2012 interview with the Chicago Tribune, Griffin said that the rich actually have too little influence in politics.[97] Griffin identified as a Ronald Reagan Republican. He said the belief "that a larger government is what creates prosperity, that a larger government is what creates good" is wrong.[98]

In a November 2015 interview on CNBC, Griffin said he admires Scott Walker claiming he is an "absolute champion of free markets and a champion of smaller government".[99]

In April 2016, because Citadel owned over 1 million shares of McDonald's, Griffin was the target of protestors supporting the Fight for $15.[100]

In May 2017, Griffin praised Donald Trump's efforts at tax and healthcare reform[101]

In 2018, it was announced that Griffin had been appointed the national finance chair for the New Republican PAC fueling, Senator Rick Scott‘s Super PAC.[102]

In November 2018, Griffin criticized Donald Trump's tweets berating Chair of the Federal Reserve Jerome Powell calling the tweets "completely inappropriate for the president of the United States".[103][104][105][106]

In January 2019, Griffin was singled out by Elizabeth Warren on a Facebook post as someone who can pay her Ultra-Millionaire Tax.[107] During a March 2019 interview with David Rubenstein, Griffin criticized Elizabeth Warren's proposals saying "soaking the rich doesn't work".[108]

In January 2020, Griffin was absent from a signing ceremony for the phase-one trade deal with China at the White House, for which he was criticized by President Donald Trump.[109][110][106]

In September 2020, Griffin wrote an op-ed published in the Chicago Tribune stating his opposition to Governor of Illinois J. B. Pritzker's "Fair Tax" proposal that would change Illinois income tax from a flat tax to a graduated tax.[111][112]

In an October 2020 email to Citadel LLC's Chicago employees, Griffin criticized Pritzker's tax plan and alluded to the possibility of moving his company out of Illinois.[113][114]

While being interviewed by Paul Tudor Jones at the Robin Hood Foundation investor conference in October 2020, Griffin criticized Joe Biden's plans to raise the long-term capital gains tax rate.[115][116]

Political contributions

In a 2012 interview, Griffin said that people should be able to make unlimited contributions to politicians, but that these contributions should be public.[117]

Griffin has made political donations to conservative political candidates, parties, and organizations such as American Crossroads and the Republican Governors Association.[117]

During the 2010 United States elections, Griffin donated $721,600 to federal candidates and political committees. Except for a $2,400 contribution to then United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Chairman Chris Dodd, all of the contributions were to Republicans.[118]

In December 2015, Griffin endorsed Marco Rubio for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination and stated that he planned to donate millions to a pro-Rubio super PAC.[119] Before this endorsement, Griffin had donated $100,000 each to three super PACs supporting Rubio, Jeb Bush, and Scott Walker for the GOP nomination.[120]

Griffin was the biggest donor to Rahm Emanuel's campaign for second term as Mayor of Chicago.[97]

After Trump won the 2016 Republican nomination, Griffin did not contribute to his campaign.[121]

In 2017, he contributed $20 million to the campaign of Governor of Illinois Bruce Rauner.[122]

In March 2020, Griffin contributed $1 million to the 1820 PAC created to support the re-election bid of U. S. Senator Susan Collins in Maine.[123] In late 2020, Griffin donated another $500,000 to the 1820 PAC.[124]

In 2020, Griffin donated $20 million to the Coalition To Stop The Proposed Tax Hike Amendment, a group opposing the Illinois Fair Tax in its 2020 referendum.[112][125] Weeks later, he donated another $26.75 million to the coalition.[126][127] Griffin later donated another $7 million to the group bringing his total contributions to $53.75 million.[128][129]

In 2020, Griffin donated $2 million to an anti-retention effort for Justice Thomas L. Kilbride, a democrat on the Supreme Court of Illinois.[130][131]

Griffin supported Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue in the 2020–21 United States Senate election in Georgia.[132] In October 2020, He was criticized for a $2 million contribution to a Super PAC supporting Loeffler and funded by her husband, New York Stock Exchange Chairman Jeffrey Sprecher, just after one of Citadel LLC's companies needed approval from Sprecher for a merger.[133]

Griffin contributed a total of $66 million to the 2020 United States elections.[134]

Citadel gave $800,000 to Janet Yellen for speaking fees.[135]

In 2021, Griffin donated $5 million to Ron DeSantis, the governor of Florida.[136] Griffin's donations to DeSantis prompted criticism of a possible conflict of interest when DeSantis began promoting Regeneron Pharmaceuticals' therapeutic treatment for COVID-19; Griffin's Citadel Securities owned $15.9 million of shares in Regeneron.[137][138][139][140] A spokesperson for Citadel denied any wrongdoing, noting that the hedge fund has much larger investments in Pfizer and Moderna.[137][138]

Later in 2021, Griffin promised to donate twice the amount to the Republican opponent of incumbent governor J. B. Pritzker that Pritzker gives to himself for the 2022 Illinois gubernatorial election. Pritzker has so far given $15 million to his campaign which now has the potential to become one of the costliest elections of the 2022 midterms.[141]

On May 5, 2022, Griffin donated $1.5 million to Lisa Murkowski through Alaskans for L.I.S.A. (Leadership in a Strong Alaska).[142][143]

Griffin Super-PAC/Outside Group/Party Contributions over $250,000[144]
Date Amount Recipient Associated Party/Candidate
2010-10-25 $250,000 American Crossroads Republican
2011-08-01 $300,000 American Crossroads Republican
2012-03-26 $850,000 Restore Our Future Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign
2012-03-28 $700,000 American Crossroads Republican
2012-10-09 $500,000 Restore Our Future Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign
2014-03-27 $250,000 American Crossroads Republican
2014-04-10 $300,000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican
2014-09-22 $800,000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican
2014-09-22 $700,000 American Crossroads Republican
2014-10-17 $250,000 Arkansas Horizon Republican
2015-04-15 $250,000 Future45 Donald Trump
2015-11-24 $2,000,000 Freedom Partners Action Fund Republican
2015-12-14 $2,500,000 Conservative Solutions PAC Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign
2015-12-30 $500,000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican
2015-12-30 $250,000 Fighting For Ohio Fund Republican
2016-02-05 $2,500,000 Conservative Solutions PAC Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign
2016-08-03 $1,000,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2016-08-09 $2,000,000 Senate Leadership Fund Republican (Senate)
2017-08-02 $1,000,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2018-07-12 $1,500,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2018-10-16 $250,000 American Patriots PAC Republican
2018-10-18 $2,000,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2018-10-23 $1,000,000 Future45 Donald Trump
2018-10-25 $400,000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican
2018-10-30 $250,000 Missouri Rising Action Josh Hawley
2019-06-28 $1,000,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2019-11-25 $500,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2020-03-13 $1,000,000 1820 PAC Susan Collins
2020-05-07 $2,000,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2020-06-15 $3,000,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2020-06-15 $3,000,000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican (House of Representatives)
2020-06-19 $500,000 Better Future Michigan Fund John E. James
2020-06-19 $500,000 Better Future Michigan Fund John E. James
2020-08-27 $500,000 1820 PAC Susan Collins
2022-05-05 $1,500,000 Alaskans for L.I.S.A. Lisa Murkowski

Griffin has individually supported many candidates including:[145]

Art collection

Griffin is an active buyer of modern art and contemporary art from mainstream artists.[62][146] His portfolio is valued at close to $800 million and includes several paintings on the list of most expensive paintings.[147][148]

In 1999, he purchased Paul Cézanne's 1893 painting Curtain, Jug and Fruit Bowl for a record $60 million at the time.[8]

In October 2006, he purchased False Start by artist Jasper Johns for $80 million from David Geffen.[149] In 2015, he purchased Gerhard Richter's 1986 painting Abstract Picture, 599 for $46 million.[146]

In September 2015, in the largest private art deal ever, he purchased two paintings from David Geffen for $500 million: Willem de Kooning's 1955 oil painting, Interchange for $300 million, and Jackson Pollock's 1948 painting, Number 17A, for $200 million.[150][151]

In 2017, Griffin reportedly purchased Andy Warhol's 1964 painting Orange Marilyn privately for around $200 million

In June 2020, Griffin purchased Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump (1982) by Jean-Michel Basquiat for over $100 million.[152][147] He loaned the painting to the Art Institute of Chicago to be put on public display.[153]

His collection also includes art by Njideka Akunyili Crosby.[154]

Personal residences

 
In January 2019, Griffin purchased 4 unfurnished floors at 220 Central Park South (pictured) for $238 million, breaking the record for the most expensive home ever sold in the United States.

Griffin owns personal residences valued in total at around $1 billion.[155]

In 2009, Griffin purchased a full floor apartment at 820 Fifth Avenue in New York City for $40 million.[155][156][157]

In 2015, Griffin purchased two apartments at the top of the Faena House, a condominium on Collins Avenue in Miami Beach, Florida for $60 million. He sold them in late 2020 at a loss.[155][158]

In 2011, Griffin purchased two oceanfront homes at the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii for $28 million.[155][159][160]

In 2013 and 2015, Griffin purchased homes in Aspen, Colorado for $10 million and $12.8 million respectively.[155][161][162]

In 2017, Griffin purchased a penthouse apartment atop the No. 9 Walton luxury condo tower in Chicago's Gold Coast for $58.75 million. The purchase broke the record for the most expensive sale in Chicago's history. The condo was delivered as "raw space" so that Griffin could build it out to his liking.[155][163][164] Griffin also owns a full floor penthouse at the Waldorf Astoria private residences across the street from No. 9 Walton. Records show he purchased the penthouse for $6.884 million in 2010.[155]

In 2019, Griffin purchased 3 Carlton Gardens, a Georgian mansion in London for $122 million. The purchase broke several records.[165][166][167]

In 2019, Griffin set the record for the most expensive residential sale ever closed in the U.S. when he purchased roughly 24,000 square feet across three floors at 220 Central Park South in Midtown Manhattan for $238 million. The space was "raw space", meaning Griffin had to build it out.[168][169][170] Several New York real estate experts have said that the purchase helped fuel legislation that increased taxes on luxury homes in New York.[171][172][173] During an interview with David Rubenstein, Griffin said that the purchase represented the possibility of making New York City his home in the future.[108]

Griffin has spent $450 million to assemble one of the largest private waterfront sites in Palm Beach County, Florida, with plans to build a 50,000 square foot estate.[155][174][175]

In 2020, Griffin purchased a 7-acre oceanfront compound in Southampton, New York from Calvin Klein for $84.4 million.[176]

In 2020, Griffin purchased several properties on Star Island in Miami Beach for a total of $95 million.[177]

In 2022, Griffin purchased a waterfront mansion in Coral Gables, Florida for $45.25 million.[178]

Private jets

Griffin owns two private jets: a 2001 Bombardier Global Express valued at $9.5 million, and a $50 million 2012 Bombardier Global 6000.[179]

Withdrawn fraud accusation

In June 2006, Rush E. Simonson, claiming to be Griffin's mentor, filed a fraud case (2006-L-005997) against Griffin, alleging that he was entitled to a percentage of the profits of Citadel for creating a computer program upon which Citadel was founded.[180][181] In court filings, Simonson said that he first befriended Mr. Griffin in 1982 as a computer salesman. The two struck up a business partnership engaged in convertible-arbitrage. Griffin provided the trading savvy, working both out of his Harvard dorm room and at home in Florida, while Simonson allegedly created the computer program that served as its technological backbone. According to the suit, Griffin struck a deal with a prominent Chicago investor in the late 1980s. As Griffin and Simonson began to unwind their partnership, the suit claimed, Griffin instead began to lay the foundations of what would become Citadel. In doing so, Griffin allegedly improperly took the program that Simonson had created. Simonson also said in his lawsuit that Griffin did not give him a cut of the profits of Citadel. In January 2007, Simonson dropped the lawsuit and apologized to Griffin.[182][183]

See also

References

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Further reading

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Kenneth C. Griffin.

December 27, 2022
kenneth, griffin, organist, kenneth, griffin, kenneth, cordele, griffin, born, october, 1968, american, hedge, fund, manager, entrepreneur, investor, founder, chief, executive, officer, chief, investment, officer, owner, citadel, multinational, hedge, fund, al. For the organist see Kenneth W Griffin Kenneth Cordele Griffin born October 15 1968 is an American hedge fund manager entrepreneur and investor He is the founder chief executive officer co chief investment officer and 80 owner of Citadel LLC 1 2 a multinational hedge fund He also owns Citadel Securities one of the largest market makers in the U S 3 Ken GriffinGriffin in 2017BornKenneth Cordele Griffin 1968 10 15 October 15 1968 age 54 Daytona Beach Florida U S EducationHarvard University BA Occupation s Hedge fund managerEntrepreneurInvestorYears active1990 presentKnown forFounder of Citadel LLC and Citadel SecuritiesTitleCEO and co CIO Citadel LLCPolitical partyRepublicanSpouse s Katherine Weingartt div 1996 wbr Anne Dias m 2003 div 2015 wbr Children3In 2022 Griffin had an estimated net worth of US 27 2 billion and was ranked 53rd on the Forbes 400 list of richest people in the United States 4 Griffin has contributed tens of millions of dollars to political candidates and causes primarily those of the Republican Party He has also donated to a number of charitable causes particularly in the fields of education and the arts He owns an art collection valued at 800 million and personal residences valued in total at over 1 billion Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Philanthropy 3 1 Education 3 2 Poverty 3 3 Arts 3 4 Religion 3 5 COVID 19 donations 4 Personal life 4 1 Marriages 4 2 Political views 4 3 Political contributions 4 4 Art collection 4 5 Personal residences 4 6 Private jets 4 7 Withdrawn fraud accusation 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingEarly life and educationGriffin was born in 1968 in Daytona Beach Florida the son of a building supplies executive 5 Griffin s father had various jobs and was a project manager for General Electric 6 Griffin s grandmother Genevieve Huebsch Gratz inherited an oil business three farms and a seed business 7 Griffin grew up in Boca Raton Florida with some time in Texas and Wisconsin 8 He went to middle school in Boca Raton 6 followed by Boca Raton Community High School where he was the president of the math club 8 9 In high school Griffin ran a discount mail order education software firm out of his bedroom called EDCOM 9 In a 1986 article in the Sun Sentinel Griffin stated that he thought he would become a businessman or lawyer and that he believed the job market for computer programmers would significantly decrease over the coming decade 9 Griffin started at Harvard College in the fall of 1986 8 That year one of his first investments was to buy put options on Home Shopping Network making a 5 000 profit 10 He also invested in convertible arbitrage opportunities in convertible bonds 8 Despite a ban on running businesses from campus Griffin convinced school administrators to allow him to install a satellite dish on the roof of the Cabot House dormitory to receive stock quotes 10 8 He also asked Terrence J O Connor the manager of convertible bonds at Merrill Lynch in Boston to open a brokerage account for him with 100 000 that Griffin had gotten from his grandmother his dentist and others 6 8 His first fund launched in 1987 with 265 000 days after his 19th birthday 8 The fund launched in time to profit from short positions on Black Monday 1987 8 Griffin graduated in 1989 with a degree in economics 11 CareerAfter graduating in 1989 Griffin moved to Chicago to work with Frank Meyer founder of Glenwood Capital Investments 12 13 Meyer allotted 1 million of Glenwood capital for Griffin to trade 13 and Griffin made 70 in a year 8 A year later in 1990 Griffin founded Citadel LLC with assets under management of 4 6 million aided by contributions from Meyer 13 His funds made 43 in 1991 and 40 in 1992 10 In the early 2000s Griffin founded market maker Citadel Securities 14 15 In 2003 aged 34 Griffin was the youngest individual on the Forbes 400 with an estimated net worth of 650 million 16 From the time of his marriage in 2003 until late 2009 Griffin was the lead investor in Aragon Global Management a hedge fund run by his then wife Anne Dias Griffin The fund was also seeded with money from Julian Robertson Ken lost 20 of his investment in the fund 17 In 2006 Citadel acquired the positions of Amaranth Advisors at a steep discount 8 During the financial crisis of 2007 2008 for 10 months Griffin barred his investors from withdrawing money attracting criticism 2 18 At the peak of the crisis the firm was losing hundreds of millions of dollars each week 19 It was leveraged 7 1 and the biggest funds at Citadel finished 2008 down 55 However they rebounded with a 62 return in 2009 8 From Citadel LLC Griffin earned 900 million in 2009 20 1 4 billion in 2014 21 600 million in 2016 22 1 4 billion in 2017 23 24 870 million in 2018 25 1 5 billion in 2019 26 and 1 8 billion in 2020 27 In 2015 at his own expense Griffin hired Katy Perry and Maroon 5 to entertain his employees 28 In November 2020 according to Bloomberg News Griffin s net worth surpassed 20 billion due to an increase the value of Citadel of which Griffin s stake was worth 11 2 billion 29 Citadel Securities a market maker increased its profit to 2 36 billion during the first half of 2020 compared to 982 million for the same period in 2019 due to increased volatility volume and retail trader engagement 30 31 In January 2021 Griffin attracted criticism for the role played by Citadel in the GameStop short squeeze 32 On January 25 it was announced that Griffin s Citadel would invest 2 billion into Melvin Capital which had suffered losses of more than 30 on account of its short positions particularly on GameStop 33 34 35 On January 28 Robinhood an electronic trading platform favored by many traders involved in buying GameStop stock and options abruptly announced that it would halt all purchases of GameStop securities except to cover shorts and would only allow these securities to be sold if already held but not sold short the price of GME stock declined steeply shortly thereafter 36 Because Robinhood receives a substantial portion of its revenue through a payment for order flow relationship with Citadel Securities LLC 85 of which is owned by Griffin many commentators criticized the potential for a conflict of interest when the same entity both plays the role of market maker and also participates in the market that it makes Griffin personally has been at the center of much discussion on this controversy 37 38 39 40 41 On February 18 2021 Griffin testified before the House Financial Services Committee to address his role in the GameStop controversy 41 42 Griffin has donated money directly to four congresspeople on the committee including Republicans French Hill Andy Barr Ann Wagner and Bill Huizenga 41 PhilanthropyEducation Griffin has worked with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in the promotion of charter schools in the U S 8 and to fund tutoring 43 In 2011 he worked with University of Chicago economics professor John A List to test whether investment in teachers or in parents produces better student performance outcomes 44 At the beginning of 2014 Griffin made a 150 million donation to the financial aid program at Harvard University his alma mater the largest single donation ever made to the institution at the time 45 46 In 2014 he was elected to a five year term on the University of Chicago s board of trustees He is also a member of the Economic Club of Chicago and the civic committee of the Commercial Club of Chicago 47 Griffin is the vice chairman of the Chicago Public Education Fund 45 In October 2017 Griffin s charitable fund donated 1 million to the Obama Foundation 48 49 In November 2017 Griffin s charitable fund made a 125 million gift to support the Department of Economics of the University of Chicago renamed the Kenneth C Griffin Department of Economics 50 In April 2021 he donated 5 million to an initiative to provide Internet access to students in Miami 51 Griffin donated 21 5 million to the Field Museum of Natural History and its dinosaur exhibit is named the Griffin Dinosaur Experience 52 In October 2019 Griffin s charitable fund announced a 125 million gift to the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago the largest gift in the museum s history The museum will be renamed the Kenneth C Griffin Museum of Science and Industry 53 54 In November 2021 Griffin outbid a group of crypto investors to purchase the last privately held copy of the United States Constitution at auction for 43 2 million Griffin stated I intend to ensure that this copy of our Constitution will be available for all Americans and visitors to view and appreciate in our museums and other public spaces with plans to display it first at the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas 55 56 Poverty In 2010 Griffin contributed to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra s productions at Millennium Park 5 He supported the University of Chicago s Center for Urban School Improvement a program encouraging the construction of an inner city charter high school 5 and contributed to the Lurie Children s Hospital 57 In 2017 Griffin contributed 15 million to the Robin Hood Foundation 58 In May 2022 The University of Chicago announced a 25 million donation from Kenneth Grifin to launch an initiative design to train police managers and prevent neighbourhood violence The funds will aid in launching two community Safety Leadership Academies The Policing Management Academy aims to professionalise departments by educating their leaders though coaching accountability and data driven decision making This donation came after Griffins 10 million donation to the Crime Lab in 2018 to implement an early intervention system to investigate citizens complaints 59 Arts Griffin has been on the board of trustees of the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago since 2000 and regularly supports its exhibitions 60 In July 2007 Griffin donated a 19 million addition to the Art Institute of Chicago that was designed by Renzo Piano and named Kenneth and Anne Griffin Court 61 The Paul Cezanne paintings have also been loaned to the institute 5 Griffin has contributed to the Art Institute of Chicago 8 He serves on the board of trustees at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York whose lobby bears his name Kenneth C Griffin Hall 62 In February 2015 Griffin donated 10 million to the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago and used to create the Griffin Galleries of Contemporary Art 60 63 In December 2015 he donated an unrestricted 40 million to the Museum of Modern Art in New York 62 In 2018 he donated 20 million to the Norton Museum of Art 64 In 2021 he outbid a group of crypto investors to purchase an original copy of the US Constitution for 43 2 million 65 Religion Griffin is a member of the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago where he was married 66 67 In 2011 Griffin donated 11 5 million of the 38 2 million needed to build a new chapel at the church 66 The modern building is called The Gratz Center in honor of Griffin s grandparents 66 COVID 19 donations Griffin oversaw a 2 million donation from Citadel and Citadel Securities to Weill Cornell Medicine to help to fund the development of new ways to protect people from COVID 19 and to identify new cases of the illness 68 In March 2020 in response to the COVID 19 pandemic Griffin contributed 2 5 million to support food services for children in Chicago Public Schools 69 In May 2020 Griffin and his partners at Citadel made a 3 million donation to help develop a COVID 19 vaccine and to support Nightingale Hospital 70 Personal lifeMarriages Griffin s first wife was Katherine Weingartt his high school sweetheart The couple divorced in 1996 71 72 In March 2002 Griffin met his second wife Anne Dias Griffin after being set up on a blind date by a mutual friend 67 73 She is a French born graduate of Harvard Business School who worked at Goldman Sachs Soros Fund Management and Viking Global Investors prior to starting Chicago based 55 million firm 74 Aragon Global Management 75 The couple married in July 2003 17 and had three children 75 In July 2014 Griffin filed a divorce petition in Cook County Illinois citing irreconcilable differences with his second wife 76 77 The couple had entered into a prenuptial agreement which governed the split of their assets in the event of a divorce 75 78 79 80 As part of the prenuptial agreement Dias Griffin received 22 5 million at the beginning of their marriage and received an additional 1 million each year they were married 76 78 During the marriage she received 37 million in cash payments and 50 ownership of their Chicago penthouse which occupies three floors of the building 81 In court fillings she claimed that she was forced to sign the prenuptial agreement 76 82 She also claimed that Ken Griffin had no right to enter the Chicago penthouse 83 84 He allegedly forbade her from entering homes in Hawaii Miami Colorado and New York 76 In later court filings Dias Griffin requested 1 million per month in child support payments including 300 000 per month for private jet travel 160 000 per month for vacation rentals and 60 000 per month for office space and staff 85 86 87 88 Griffin claimed that Dias Griffin was attempting to use child support to fund her opulent lifestyle 89 During the divorce she requested 450 000 for a 10 day vacation to St Barts over winter break with their three children Griffin denied her request but agreed to pay 45 000 for a winter vacation 90 91 73 The couple settled their divorce out of court in October 2015 just hours before a public trial over the prenuptial agreement was set to begin 92 76 As part of the divorce Griffin paid 11 75 million to buy out his wife s interest in their Chicago penthouse 93 He maintains joint custody of his children with his ex wife 76 94 95 96 82 Political views Ken Griffin s federal political contributions since 1996 In a 2012 interview with the Chicago Tribune Griffin said that the rich actually have too little influence in politics 97 Griffin identified as a Ronald Reagan Republican He said the belief that a larger government is what creates prosperity that a larger government is what creates good is wrong 98 In a November 2015 interview on CNBC Griffin said he admires Scott Walker claiming he is an absolute champion of free markets and a champion of smaller government 99 In April 2016 because Citadel owned over 1 million shares of McDonald s Griffin was the target of protestors supporting the Fight for 15 100 In May 2017 Griffin praised Donald Trump s efforts at tax and healthcare reform 101 In 2018 it was announced that Griffin had been appointed the national finance chair for the New Republican PAC fueling Senator Rick Scott s Super PAC 102 In November 2018 Griffin criticized Donald Trump s tweets berating Chair of the Federal Reserve Jerome Powell calling the tweets completely inappropriate for the president of the United States 103 104 105 106 In January 2019 Griffin was singled out by Elizabeth Warren on a Facebook post as someone who can pay her Ultra Millionaire Tax 107 During a March 2019 interview with David Rubenstein Griffin criticized Elizabeth Warren s proposals saying soaking the rich doesn t work 108 In January 2020 Griffin was absent from a signing ceremony for the phase one trade deal with China at the White House for which he was criticized by President Donald Trump 109 110 106 In September 2020 Griffin wrote an op ed published in the Chicago Tribune stating his opposition to Governor of Illinois J B Pritzker s Fair Tax proposal that would change Illinois income tax from a flat tax to a graduated tax 111 112 In an October 2020 email to Citadel LLC s Chicago employees Griffin criticized Pritzker s tax plan and alluded to the possibility of moving his company out of Illinois 113 114 While being interviewed by Paul Tudor Jones at the Robin Hood Foundation investor conference in October 2020 Griffin criticized Joe Biden s plans to raise the long term capital gains tax rate 115 116 Political contributions In a 2012 interview Griffin said that people should be able to make unlimited contributions to politicians but that these contributions should be public 117 Griffin has made political donations to conservative political candidates parties and organizations such as American Crossroads and the Republican Governors Association 117 During the 2010 United States elections Griffin donated 721 600 to federal candidates and political committees Except for a 2 400 contribution to then United States Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs Chairman Chris Dodd all of the contributions were to Republicans 118 In December 2015 Griffin endorsed Marco Rubio for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination and stated that he planned to donate millions to a pro Rubio super PAC 119 Before this endorsement Griffin had donated 100 000 each to three super PACs supporting Rubio Jeb Bush and Scott Walker for the GOP nomination 120 Griffin was the biggest donor to Rahm Emanuel s campaign for second term as Mayor of Chicago 97 After Trump won the 2016 Republican nomination Griffin did not contribute to his campaign 121 In 2017 he contributed 20 million to the campaign of Governor of Illinois Bruce Rauner 122 In March 2020 Griffin contributed 1 million to the 1820 PAC created to support the re election bid of U S Senator Susan Collins in Maine 123 In late 2020 Griffin donated another 500 000 to the 1820 PAC 124 In 2020 Griffin donated 20 million to the Coalition To Stop The Proposed Tax Hike Amendment a group opposing the Illinois Fair Tax in its 2020 referendum 112 125 Weeks later he donated another 26 75 million to the coalition 126 127 Griffin later donated another 7 million to the group bringing his total contributions to 53 75 million 128 129 In 2020 Griffin donated 2 million to an anti retention effort for Justice Thomas L Kilbride a democrat on the Supreme Court of Illinois 130 131 Griffin supported Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue in the 2020 21 United States Senate election in Georgia 132 In October 2020 He was criticized for a 2 million contribution to a Super PAC supporting Loeffler and funded by her husband New York Stock Exchange Chairman Jeffrey Sprecher just after one of Citadel LLC s companies needed approval from Sprecher for a merger 133 Griffin contributed a total of 66 million to the 2020 United States elections 134 Citadel gave 800 000 to Janet Yellen for speaking fees 135 In 2021 Griffin donated 5 million to Ron DeSantis the governor of Florida 136 Griffin s donations to DeSantis prompted criticism of a possible conflict of interest when DeSantis began promoting Regeneron Pharmaceuticals therapeutic treatment for COVID 19 Griffin s Citadel Securities owned 15 9 million of shares in Regeneron 137 138 139 140 A spokesperson for Citadel denied any wrongdoing noting that the hedge fund has much larger investments in Pfizer and Moderna 137 138 Later in 2021 Griffin promised to donate twice the amount to the Republican opponent of incumbent governor J B Pritzker that Pritzker gives to himself for the 2022 Illinois gubernatorial election Pritzker has so far given 15 million to his campaign which now has the potential to become one of the costliest elections of the 2022 midterms 141 On May 5 2022 Griffin donated 1 5 million to Lisa Murkowski through Alaskans for L I S A Leadership in a Strong Alaska 142 143 Griffin Super PAC Outside Group Party Contributions over 250 000 144 Date Amount Recipient Associated Party Candidate2010 10 25 250 000 American Crossroads Republican2011 08 01 300 000 American Crossroads Republican2012 03 26 850 000 Restore Our Future Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign2012 03 28 700 000 American Crossroads Republican2012 10 09 500 000 Restore Our Future Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign2014 03 27 250 000 American Crossroads Republican2014 04 10 300 000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican2014 09 22 800 000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican2014 09 22 700 000 American Crossroads Republican2014 10 17 250 000 Arkansas Horizon Republican2015 04 15 250 000 Future45 Donald Trump2015 11 24 2 000 000 Freedom Partners Action Fund Republican2015 12 14 2 500 000 Conservative Solutions PAC Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign2015 12 30 500 000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican2015 12 30 250 000 Fighting For Ohio Fund Republican2016 02 05 2 500 000 Conservative Solutions PAC Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign2016 08 03 1 000 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2016 08 09 2 000 000 Senate Leadership Fund Republican Senate 2017 08 02 1 000 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2018 07 12 1 500 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2018 10 16 250 000 American Patriots PAC Republican2018 10 18 2 000 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2018 10 23 1 000 000 Future45 Donald Trump2018 10 25 400 000 Ending Spending Action Fund Republican2018 10 30 250 000 Missouri Rising Action Josh Hawley2019 06 28 1 000 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2019 11 25 500 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2020 03 13 1 000 000 1820 PAC Susan Collins2020 05 07 2 000 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2020 06 15 3 000 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2020 06 15 3 000 000 Congressional Leadership Fund Republican House of Representatives 2020 06 19 500 000 Better Future Michigan Fund John E James2020 06 19 500 000 Better Future Michigan Fund John E James2020 08 27 500 000 1820 PAC Susan Collins2022 05 05 1 500 000 Alaskans for L I S A Lisa MurkowskiGriffin has individually supported many candidates including 145 Sen Kelly Ayotte R Sen Susan Collins R Sen John Cornyn R Sen Jeff Flake R Sen Cory Gardner R Sen Kelly Loeffler R Sen Shelley Moore Capito R Sen Lisa Murkowski R Sen Marco Rubio R Sen Rick Scott R Sen Luther Strange R Sen Dan Sullivan R Sen Todd Young R Rep Andy Barr R Rep Mike Bost R Rep Jeff Fortenberry R Rep Virginia Foxx R Rep Mike Gallagher R Rep Mike Garcia R Rep Bill Huizenga R Rep Young Kim R Rep Kevin McCarthy R Rep Darin LaHood R Rep Tom Reed R Rep Dave Reichert R Rep Ann Wagner R Rep Bruce Westerman R Esther Joy King R Kris Kobach R Art collection Griffin is an active buyer of modern art and contemporary art from mainstream artists 62 146 His portfolio is valued at close to 800 million and includes several paintings on the list of most expensive paintings 147 148 In 1999 he purchased Paul Cezanne s 1893 painting Curtain Jug and Fruit Bowl for a record 60 million at the time 8 In October 2006 he purchased False Start by artist Jasper Johns for 80 million from David Geffen 149 In 2015 he purchased Gerhard Richter s 1986 painting Abstract Picture 599 for 46 million 146 In September 2015 in the largest private art deal ever he purchased two paintings from David Geffen for 500 million Willem de Kooning s 1955 oil painting Interchange for 300 million and Jackson Pollock s 1948 painting Number 17A for 200 million 150 151 In 2017 Griffin reportedly purchased Andy Warhol s 1964 painting Orange Marilyn privately for around 200 millionIn June 2020 Griffin purchased Boy and Dog in a Johnnypump 1982 by Jean Michel Basquiat for over 100 million 152 147 He loaned the painting to the Art Institute of Chicago to be put on public display 153 His collection also includes art by Njideka Akunyili Crosby 154 Personal residences In January 2019 Griffin purchased 4 unfurnished floors at 220 Central Park South pictured for 238 million breaking the record for the most expensive home ever sold in the United States Griffin owns personal residences valued in total at around 1 billion 155 In 2009 Griffin purchased a full floor apartment at 820 Fifth Avenue in New York City for 40 million 155 156 157 In 2015 Griffin purchased two apartments at the top of the Faena House a condominium on Collins Avenue in Miami Beach Florida for 60 million He sold them in late 2020 at a loss 155 158 In 2011 Griffin purchased two oceanfront homes at the Four Seasons Resort Hualalai in Kailua Kona Hawaii for 28 million 155 159 160 In 2013 and 2015 Griffin purchased homes in Aspen Colorado for 10 million and 12 8 million respectively 155 161 162 In 2017 Griffin purchased a penthouse apartment atop the No 9 Walton luxury condo tower in Chicago s Gold Coast for 58 75 million The purchase broke the record for the most expensive sale in Chicago s history The condo was delivered as raw space so that Griffin could build it out to his liking 155 163 164 Griffin also owns a full floor penthouse at the Waldorf Astoria private residences across the street from No 9 Walton Records show he purchased the penthouse for 6 884 million in 2010 155 In 2019 Griffin purchased 3 Carlton Gardens a Georgian mansion in London for 122 million The purchase broke several records 165 166 167 In 2019 Griffin set the record for the most expensive residential sale ever closed in the U S when he purchased roughly 24 000 square feet across three floors at 220 Central Park South in Midtown Manhattan for 238 million The space was raw space meaning Griffin had to build it out 168 169 170 Several New York real estate experts have said that the purchase helped fuel legislation that increased taxes on luxury homes in New York 171 172 173 During an interview with David Rubenstein Griffin said that the purchase represented the possibility of making New York City his home in the future 108 Griffin has spent 450 million to assemble one of the largest private waterfront sites in Palm Beach County Florida with plans to build a 50 000 square foot estate 155 174 175 In 2020 Griffin purchased a 7 acre oceanfront compound in Southampton New York from Calvin Klein for 84 4 million 176 In 2020 Griffin purchased several properties on Star Island in Miami Beach for a total of 95 million 177 In 2022 Griffin purchased a waterfront mansion in Coral Gables Florida for 45 25 million 178 Private jets Griffin owns two private jets a 2001 Bombardier Global Express valued at 9 5 million and a 50 million 2012 Bombardier Global 6000 179 Withdrawn fraud accusation In June 2006 Rush E Simonson claiming to be Griffin s mentor filed a fraud case 2006 L 005997 against Griffin alleging that he was entitled to a percentage of the profits of Citadel for creating a computer program upon which Citadel was founded 180 181 In court filings Simonson said that he first befriended Mr Griffin in 1982 as a computer salesman The two struck up a business partnership engaged in convertible arbitrage Griffin provided the trading savvy working both out of his Harvard dorm room and at home in Florida while Simonson allegedly created the computer program that served as its technological backbone According to the suit Griffin struck a deal with a prominent Chicago investor in the late 1980s As Griffin and Simonson began to unwind their partnership the suit claimed Griffin instead began to lay the foundations of what would become Citadel In doing so Griffin allegedly improperly took the program that Simonson had created Simonson also said in his lawsuit that Griffin did not give him a cut of the profits of Citadel In January 2007 Simonson dropped the lawsuit and apologized to Griffin 182 183 See alsoList of Harvard University peopleReferences Maloney Tom January 11 2022 Ken Griffin s Fortune Soars to 28 Billion Bloomberg News a b Copeland Rob August 3 2015 Citadel s Ken Griffin Leaves 2008 Tumble Far Behind The Wall Street Journal Dow Jones amp Company ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on December 13 2019 Detrixhe John Citadel Securities gets almost as much trading volume as Nasdaq Quartz Ken Griffin Founder amp CEO Citadel LLC Forbes ISSN 0015 6914 a b c d Reed Robert October 3 2005 Hedge Fun Chicago Archived from the original on December 20 2019 a b c Anderson Jenny April 4 2007 Will a Hedge Fund Become the Next Goldman Sachs The New York Times ISSN 1553 8095 Archived from the original on November 16 2017 Harris Melissa Lessons legacy of Ken Griffin s grandmother stick with billionaire Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on September 29 2018 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Meyer Graham June 8 2011 The File on Citadel s Ken Griffin Chicago ISSN 0362 4595 Archived from the original on December 14 2019 a b c Santaniello Neil FOR TEAM OF BOCA STUDENTS COMPUTER S SCREEN IS ARENA Sun Sentinel Archived from the original on October 27 2020 a b c Boy Wonder Institutional Investor August 31 2001 Clarida Matthew Q Hashmi Amna H February 19 2014 Griffin 89 Gives 150 Million to Harvard Largest Gift in College s History The Harvard Crimson Kolhatkar Sheelah April 16 2007 Opening Up the Citadel American City Business Journals Archived from the original on October 26 2020 a b c Vickers Marcia April 3 2007 A hedge fund superstar Citadel founder Ken Griffin is already one of the world s most powerful investors Fortune Archived from the original on December 14 2019 Ken Griffin Forbes Wolverson Roya How Ken Griffin s Citadel transformed financial markets Quartz America s rich get richer CNN September 19 2003 Archived from the original on December 26 2019 a b Kapos Shia February 20 2015 Ken Griffin gives his side of the blowup in the bedroom Chicago Business Crain Communications ISSN 1557 7902 Archived from the original on December 26 2019 Boak Joshua December 13 2008 Citadel suspends fund redemptions Chicago Tribune Citadel chief rails against megabanks Financial Times September 10 2013 Veneziani Vince April 1 2010 Meet The Top 10 Earning Hedge Fund Managers Of 2009 Business Insider Gandel Steven May 5 2015 The highest paid hedge fund manager only made 1 3 billion last year Fortune Kenneth Griffin Institutional Investor Frank Robert May 30 2018 These hedge fund managers made more than 3 million a day last year CNBC Archived from the original on October 12 2020 Janssen Kim Ken Griffin rated nation s best paid hedge fund manager again The Capital Archived from the original on October 27 2020 Maloney Tom February 15 2019 The Best Paid Hedge Fund Managers Made 7 7 Billion in 2018 Bloomberg News Archived from the original on October 12 2020 Franck Thomas March 26 2020 Hedge fund titans Simons Griffin Cohen and Tepper earned 1 billion in 2019 before virus outbreak CNBC Archived from the original on May 27 2020 Taub Stephen February 22 2021 The 20th Annual Rich List the Definitive Ranking of What Hedge Fund Managers Earned in 2020 Institutional Investor Fox Emily Jane February 22 2016 Billionaire Hedge Funder Ken Griffin Continues to Live His Best Life Vanity Fair Archived from the original on October 12 2020 Maloney Tom November 2 2020 Ken Griffin s Macro Dream Propels Net Worth to 20 Billion Bloomberg News Citadel Securities doubled profit as dominance grew in 2020 Crain Communications September 25 2020 Maloney Tom Bakewell Sally September 25 2020 Citadel Securities Doubled Profit as Dominance Grew in 2020 Bloomberg News Ori Ryan January 29 2021 Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin faces controversy involving Wall Street chat rooms Robinhood trading app and GameStop s stock Chicago Tribune Steve Cohen provides funds for hedge fund protege Gabe Plotkin Financial Times Chung Juliet January 25 2021 Citadel Point72 to Invest 2 75 Billion Into Melvin Capital Management The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Mohamed Theron January 26 2021 GameStop short seller down 30 this year gets 2 8 billion bailout from the firms of billionaire investors Steve Cohen and Ken Griffin Business Insider Fitzgerald Maggie January 28 2021 Robinhood restricts trading in GameStop other names involved in frenzy CNBC Ken Griffin welcome to the white hot national spotlight Crain Communications January 29 2021 Why are Robinhood traders bringing a class action lawsuit The Independent January 29 2021 Fitzgerald Maggie February 18 2021 Warren presses Citadel CEO Griffin about relationship with Robinhood payment for order flow CNBC Burton Katherine Natarajan Sridhar February 1 2021 The Citadel Link What Ken Griffin Has to Do With GameStop Bloomberg News a b c Warmbrodt Zachary February 18 2021 Hedge fund king a GOP megadonor faces off with Democrats Politico Mitchell Ian February 18 2021 5 things to know about GameStop and what Ken Griffin has to tell Congress Chicago Tribune Evidence Based Tutoring Program Scales to Address Learning Loss and Persistent Opportunity Gaps in Major Urban Districts Press release PR Newswire August 10 2020 Staley Oliver February 23 2011 Chicago Economist s Crazy Idea Wins Ken Griffin s Backing Bloomberg News Archived from the original on December 20 2019 a b Lauerman John February 20 2014 Citadel s Griffin Gives Harvard 150 Million for Student Aid Bloomberg News Archived from the original on December 20 2019 Herbst Bayliss Svea February 20 2014 Hedge fund manager Griffin gives 150 million to Harvard Reuters Archived from the original on May 30 2019 Marek Lynne March 14 2019 Is Ken Griffin serious about a Citadel HQ move Crain Communications ISSN 1557 7902 Archived from the original on March 4 2020 Sweet Lynn October 13 2017 Republican mega donor Ken Griffin gives 1 million to Obama Foundation Chicago Sun Times Abelson Max January 17 2018 Goldman Sachs and Ken Griffin Funds Give Big to Obama Foundation Bloomberg News Leubsdorf Ben November 1 2017 Citadel s Kenneth Griffin to Donate 125 Million for University of Chicago Economics The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on December 20 2019 Williamson Christine April 5 2021 Ken Griffin donates 5 million to give Miami students internet Pensions amp Investments Bertagnoli Lisa June 14 2019 The Field s CEO inherited a bit of a mess 7 years ago Here s what he s done to clean it up Crain Communications ISSN 1557 7902 Archived from the original on December 20 2019 Museum of Science and Industry Announces Historic Gift From Kenneth C Griffin Charitable Fund Press release Business Wire October 3 2019 Johnson Steve October 4 2019 The Museum of Science and Industry is getting a new name after Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin donates 125 million Chicago Tribune Crow Kelly November 19 2021 Citadel CEO Ken Griffin Outbid a Group of Crypto Investors for Copy of U S Constitution Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 19 2021 Kastrenates Jacob November 19 2021 A hedge fund billionaire outbid crypto investors for a rare copy of the US Constitution The Verge Retrieved November 19 2021 Harris Melissa Japsen Bruce January 7 2010 Kenneth and Anne Griffin give 16 million to Children s Memorial Hospital Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on February 13 2015 Gordon Amanda April 27 2017 Hedge Fund Billionaire Griffin to Give 15 Million to Robin Hood Bloomberg News Archived from the original on December 26 2019 University of Chicago Crime Lab receives 27 5 million Philanthropy News Digest May 13 2022 Retrieved May 17 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b MCA gets 10 million from Ken Griffin Crain Communications February 20 2015 ISSN 1557 7902 Archived from the original on May 2 2019 Citadel s Griffin at the Art World s Gates The New York Times July 26 2007 Archived from the original on November 7 2017 a b c Ken Griffin donates 40 million to New York s Museum of Modern Art Crain Communications December 22 2015 ISSN 1557 7902 Archived from the original on December 20 2019 Kazakina Katya February 20 2015 Citadel s Griffin Gives 10 Million to Chicago Art Museum Bloomberg News Archived from the original on June 2 2016 Sjostrom Jan August 9 2018 Billionaire Ken Griffin giving 20 million to Norton Museum in West Palm Beach Palm Beach Daily News Crow Kelly November 19 2021 Citadel CEO Kenneth Griffin Outbid a Group of Crypto Investors for Copy of U S Constitution Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved November 19 2021 a b c Kent Cheryl December 19 2012 Fourth Presbyterian Church s new Gratz Center a welcome and brave grace note Chicago Tribune ISSN 2165 171X Archived from the original on December 26 2019 a b Kenneth Griffin and Anne Dias Griffin timeline Chicago Tribune November 7 2014 2 Million Gift from the Partners of Citadel and Citadel Securities to Fund New COVID 19 Advances at Weill Cornell Medicine Giving to Weill Cornell Medicine give weill cornell edu Lightfoot Lori March 19 2020 Mayoral address concerning COVID 19 epidemic Speech Chicago Archived from the original on March 19 2020 Gill Oliver May 1 2020 Billionaire hedge fund backs British university hunt for Covid 19 vaccine The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Lee Allen September 23 2019 20 Things You Didn t Know about Ken Griffin Money Inc Yerak Becky July 24 2014 Hedge fund billionaire Ken Griffin files for divorce Chicago Tribune a b Yerak Becky Marx Ryan October 7 2015 A breakdown of the Griffin breakup Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on December 10 2017 Murphy Tim April 6 2007 Who Gets to Marry a Billionaire New York Archived from the original on September 20 2019 a b c Stevenson Alexandra De La Merced Michael July 24 2014 A Divorce That Thrusts Ken Griffin and Anne Dias Griffin Into the Spotlight The New York Times ISSN 1553 8095 Archived from the original on November 7 2017 a b c d e f Stevenson Alexandra October 7 2015 Kenneth Griffin and Anne Dias Griffin Settle Divorce Case The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 12 2019 Frank Robert February 23 2015 450 000 vacation Billionaire divorce reveals big spending CNBC Archived from the original on October 26 2020 a b Fox Emily Jane October 5 2015 Billionaire Ken Griffin Is Back in Court Fighting Over His Pre Nup Vanity Fair Archived from the original on August 15 2020 Who won in the high profile Griffin divorce Chicago Business Crain Communications October 7 2015 Archived from the original on October 27 2020 Yerak Becky Janssen Kim October 5 2015 Griffin divorce negotiations no surprise to experts The Capital Archived from the original on October 27 2020 De La Merced Michael J October 2 2014 Citadel s Griffin Outlines Terms of Prenuptial Agreement in Divorce Fight The New York Times a b Copeland Rob October 7 2015 Citadel s Ken Griffin Settles Divorce Case The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on August 13 2016 Kelly Kate October 22 2014 Citadel founder s divorce battle over property gets uglier CNBC Archived from the original on August 15 2020 Ken Griffin gives his side of the blowup in the bedroom Chicago Business Crain Communications February 20 2015 Archived from the original on December 26 2019 Frank Robert October 23 2014 What Billionaires Really Spend Each Month nbcnews com NBC News Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Frank Robert January 30 2015 1 million a month to raise the kids CNBC Archived from the original on December 29 2016 Peterson Withorn Chase October 7 2020 Hedge Fund Billionaire Ken Griffin Settles Contentious Divorce Forbes Archived from the original on September 16 2020 Merced Michael J de la September 2 2014 Anne Griffin Seeks to Void Prenuptial Agreement With Ken Griffin The New York Times Archived from the original on October 9 2020 Kapos Shia January 29 2015 Ken Griffin asks court to set trial date for divorce Chicago Business Crain Communications Archived from the original on October 27 2020 Yerak Becky January 30 2015 Billionaire s estranged wife allegedly demands 24 7 private jet The Capital Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Kapos Shia February 13 2015 Anne Dias Griffin reveals days leading to prenup Chicago Business Crain Communications Archived from the original on October 11 2020 Herbst Bayliss Svea Valdmanis Richard October 7 2015 Citadel s Kenneth Griffin settles divorce case Reuters Archived from the original on December 26 2019 Goldsborough Bob November 5 2015 Ken Griffin pays ex wife 11 75 million for Park Tower penthouse Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Fox Emily Jane October 5 2015 Billionaire Ken Griffin Is Back in Court Fighting Over His Pre Nup Vanity Fair Archived from the original on August 15 2020 Who won in the high profile Griffin divorce Chicago Business Crain Communications October 7 2015 Peterson Withorn Chase October 7 2015 Hedge Fund Billionaire Ken Griffin Settles Contentious Divorce Forbes Archived from the original on September 16 2020 a b Neate Rupert May 10 2016 Top 25 hedge fund managers earned 13bn in 2015 more than some nations The Guardian Harris Melissa March 11 2012 Ken Griffin interview Billionaire talks politics and money Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on December 19 2019 It s tougher to get a job at Citadel than to get into Harvard says CEO Ken Griffin American City Business Journals November 19 2015 Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Elejalde Ruiz Alexia April 12 2016 Ken Griffin McDonald s among targets at Fight for 15 s Chicago protests Chicago Tribune Trump s First 100 Days Get a Warm Embrace from Ken Griffin Institutional Investor May 1 2017 Archived from the original on August 12 2018 RobertsJune 7 Ray Pm 2018 at 12 47 June 7 2018 Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin named finance chair for Rick Scott s super PAC Florida Politics Campaigns amp Elections Lobbying amp Government Retrieved April 17 2021 Renninson Joe November 13 2018 Hedge fund billionaire Ken Griffin slams Trump for Fed criticism Financial Times Archived from the original on October 25 2020 DeCambre Mark Hedge fund heavyweight Ken Griffin fears Trump knocks on Fed eroding faith in dollar MarketWatch Archived from the original on August 4 2019 Shazar Jon November 14 2018 Jay Powell Can Always Go Work For Ken Griffin If This Fed Chair Thing Doesn t Work Out a b McEnery Thornton January 16 2020 Trump asks absent hedge fund billionaire Ken Griffin to stand at trade signing New York Post Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Elizabeth Warren January 30 2019 Archived from the original on October 26 2020 via Facebook a b Rubenstein David The David Rubenstein Show Ken Griffin Archived from the original on August 21 2019 via YouTube Donovan Lisa January 16 2020 At White House ceremony President Trump calls out for no show Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin Where the hell is he Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on April 30 2020 Remarks by President Trump at Signing of the U S China Phase One Trade Agreement whitehouse gov Press release January 15 2020 via National Archives Griffin Ken Commentary Ken Griffin Why I oppose the graduated income tax Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on September 7 2020 a b Hinton Rachel September 4 2020 Deep pockets dogfight Billionaires Ken Griffin and Gov Pritzker dig into wallets in battle over income tax Chicago Sun Times Archived from the original on September 8 2020 Pearson Rick October 24 2020 Battle of billionaires Griffin slams Pritzker push for graduated income tax amendment in email to employees Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on October 23 2020 Ken Griffin goes off on JB Pritzker Capitol Fax Archived from the original on October 27 2020 Orr Leanna October 28 2020 In Leaked Remarks Among Hedge Fund Managers Citadel s Ken Griffin Opens Up on Taxes Institutional Investor Shazar Jon October 29 2020 Ken Griffin Raise Taxes Just Like Not On Me Dealbreaker a b Wallace Gregory February 26 2015 Billionaire GOP contributor maxes out in one day CNN Beckel M November 16 2011 One Time Obama Bundler Now Seeing Only Red OpenSecrets Kelly Kate December 9 2015 Hedge fund manager Ken Griffin backing Marco Rubio for president CNBC Janssen Kim December 10 2015 Ken Griffin Illinois richest man throws financial muscle behind Rubio campaign Chicago Tribune Kelly Kate September 23 2016 Megadonors like Ken Griffin Peter Thiel keep their wallets closed for Trump CNBC Pearson Rick May 17 2017 Ken Griffin gives Gov Bruce Rauner s campaign record 20 million Chicago Tribune 1820 PAC PAC Donors OpenSecrets Archived from the original on September 27 2020 Retrieved April 6 2021 Ken Griffin gives big to help Susan Collins in Maine Crain Communications October 13 2020 Archived from the original on October 16 2020 Coalition To Stop The Proposed Tax Hike Amendment Illinois Campaign for Political Reform Hinton Rachel October 2 2020 One billionaire s Fair Tax is another s catastrophic constitutional amendment Griffin Pritzker checkbook rumble rages on Chicago Sun Times Archived from the original on October 4 2020 Pearson Rick October 3 2020 Billionaire Ken Griffin drops extra 26 7M against Pritzker s graduated rate income tax amendment proposal His total stands at more than 46 7M Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on October 3 2020 Pearson Rick October 24 2020 Billionaire Ken Griffin in battle with Gov J B Pritzker over graduated rate income tax amendment ups his stake to 53 75 million to oppose it Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on October 24 2020 De Lea Brittany September 9 2020 Billionaire Ken Griffin spends 20M to campaign against Illinois tax hikes Fox Business Partisan Battle Over Supreme Court Race Could Exceed 6 Million In Spending October 16 2020 Archived from the original on October 18 2020 Mansur Sarah October 15 2020 Partisan battle over state Supreme Court race could exceed 6 million in spending Daily Herald Archived from the original on October 17 2020 Sollenberger Roger December 17 2020 This hedge fund billionaire is a huge fan of Sen Kelly Loeffler but why Salon REPORT Timing Of Hedge Fund Billionaire s 2 Million Donation to Pro Loeffler Super PAC Raises Conflict Of Interest Concerns Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee December 17 2020 Gordon Amanda L March 25 2021 Griffin s Covid Year Had Planes Palm Beach Philanthropy Bloomberg News Thompson Alex Meyer Theodoric January 1 2021 Janet Yellen made millions in Wall Street corporate speeches Politico Smith Allan Gomez Henry J September 1 2021 Wealthy GOP donors flock to DeSantis as presidential speculation swirls NBC News a b DeSantis top donor invests in COVID drug governor promotes Associated Press August 17 2021 a b AP Top Donor Of Gov Ron DeSantis Is Regeneron Investor CBS News August 21 2021 Farrington Brendan August 21 2021 DeSantis top donor invests in COVID drug governor promotes ABC News Associated Press EXPLAINER The link between Florida Gov Ron DeSantis and Regeneron WFLA TV August 21 2021 Pearson Rick Battle of the billionaires rages on as Ken Griffin vows to go all in to defeat Gov J B Pritzker Chicago Tribune Retrieved December 7 2021 Ruskin Liz Deep pockets aid Murkowski with attack ads on Tshibaka Alaska Public Media July 21 2022 Retrieved July 21 2022 Schedule A Federal Election Committee July 21 2022 Retrieved July 21 2022 Ken Griffin Donor Lookup OpenSecrets org OpenSecrets Archived from the original on October 14 2020 Ken Griffin Contributions FEC Federal Election Commission Archived from the original on October 14 2020 a b Lane Mary February 13 2015 Sotheby s Brushes Up Its Image With London Auction The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on December 20 2019 a b Block Fang June 5 2020 Ken Griffin Buys a Jean Michel Basquiat for More Than 100 Million Barron s Archived from the original on August 5 2020 Art Industry News Hedge Fund Manager Ken Griffin Just Bought One of Peter Brant s Basquiats for More Than 100 Million Other Stories Artnet June 4 2020 Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Crow Kelly Germano Sara January 23 2014 New Masters of the Art Universe The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on December 18 2019 Kazakina Katya Burton Katherine February 18 2016 Billionaire Griffin Pays 500 Million for Two Paintings Bloomberg News Archived from the original on March 8 2020 Embuscado Rain February 18 2016 Billionaire Art Collector Ken Griffin Spends 500 Million on Two Paintings Artnet Kamp Justin June 5 2020 Hedge Fund Manager Ken Griffin Buys Basquiat Painting for More Than 100 Million Artsy Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Johnson Steve July 25 2020 Now hanging at the Art Institute Chicago billionaire Ken Griffin s new 100 million Basquiat canvas Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on October 5 2020 Top 200 Collectors KENNETH C GRIFFIN ARTnews a b c d e f g h Clarke Katherine October 8 2020 How Citadel CEO Ken Griffin Built a 1 Billion Private Property Portfolio The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on October 9 2020 Haughney Christine January 2 2010 In Real Estate Industry Remembering a Year Worth Forgetting The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on January 7 2010 David Mark May 12 2009 A Peep Into and A Poke Around 820 Fifth Avenue Variety Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Bandell Brian December 18 2020 Billionaire s firm sells Faena House condo for 35M after discount Photos American City Business Journals Abramian Alexandria April 23 2014 Billionaires Descend on Hawaii s Big Island Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on October 12 2020 Goldman Leah HOUSE OF THE DAY Ken Griffin Buys A 17 Million Home In Hawaii Business Insider Archived from the original on October 26 2020 Smith Emily January 20 2015 Billionaire accused of banning wife from NYC Aspen Miami homes Page Six Archived from the original on June 12 2019 Frank Robert October 4 2015 Ken Griffin goes on 290 million real estate spree CNBC Archived from the original on October 19 2017 Goldsborough Bob Billionaire exec Ken Griffin pays 58 75 million in Chicago area s priciest home sale ever Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on September 13 2020 Rebong Kevin June 19 2020 Ken Griffin to Receive 2019 Tax Bill Totaling 1 3M at No 9 Walton The Real Deal Archived from the original on October 9 2020 Frank Robert January 22 2019 Billionaire Ken Griffin buys 122 million London mansion CNBC Archived from the original on October 1 2020 US hedge fund tycoon buys 95m house near Buckingham Palace The Guardian January 21 2019 Archived from the original on October 23 2020 With 122 million London purchase Ken Griffin has spent at least 724 million on homes Crain Communications January 21 2019 Archived from the original on August 6 2020 Clarke Katherine January 23 2019 Billionaire Ken Griffin Buys America s Most Expensive Home for 238 Million The Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Archived from the original on December 29 2019 2019 s top 10 home sales broke the billion dollar mark Crain Communications December 26 2019 Archived from the original on April 3 2020 Stewart Nikita Gelles David January 24 2019 The 238 Million Penthouse and the Hedge Fund Billionaire Who May Rarely Live There The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on September 9 2020 English Carleton February 27 2019 Why billionaire Ken Griffin can snag property tax bargain New York Post Archived from the original on October 9 2020 Yale Aly J February 22 2019 Pied A Terre Tax Debate Reignited After Billionaire Ken Griffin s 238 Million Penthouse Purchase Forbes Archived from the original on September 20 2020 Class warfare NYC s proposed pied a terre tax signals a shift and casts a chill Crain Communications Bloomberg News March 15 2019 Archived from the original on October 12 2020 Hofheinz Darrell August 31 2021 85 million and up Top 10 most expensive homes in Palm Beach 2 have a Trump tie The Palm Beach Post Hofheinz Darrell January 28 2021 Billionaire Griffin s new house unveiled proposed for part of South End estate in Palm Beach Palm Beach Daily News Gould Jennifer April 8 2021 After 145M deal 8 1B in sales the Hamptons have never been hotter New York Post Kallergis Katherine December 4 2020 Ken Griffin adds to Star Island assemblage with 25M purchase sources The Real Deal Note High quality sources are behind paywalls in the Miami Herald and WSJ Bandell Brian May 27 2022 Coral Gables mansion sells for 45M to firm associated with billionaire amid legal battle American City Business Journals Huddleston Jr Tom March 7 2020 This hedge fund billionaire owns the most expensive home ever sold in America here s how he spends his fortune CNBC Hedge Fund King Sued By Self Described Mentor The Wall Street Journal June 14 2006 Full Case Electronic Docket Search Clerk of the Circuit Court of Cook County casesearch cookcountyclerkofcourt org Retrieved May 23 2022 Kirk Jim January 22 2007 Lawsuit no longer looms for Citadel Chicago Tribune Vickers Marcia April 3 2007 Citadel s Griffin Hedge fund superstar cont Fortune Further reading Wikiquote has quotations related to Kenneth C Griffin Peltz Lois March 2009 The New Investment Superstars Wiley ISBN 978 0 471 40313 5 The Quants Scott Patterson Crown Publishing Group February 2 2010 Ken Griffin s rise to power CNBC May 15 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kenneth C Griffin amp oldid 1127766615, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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