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Wikipedia

Banksy

January 20, 2023

For the payment processor, see Banksys.

Banksy is a pseudonymous England-based street artist, political activist and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation.[2] Active since the 1990s, his satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique. His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets, walls and bridges throughout the world.[3] Banksy's work grew out of the Bristol underground scene, which involved collaborations between artists and musicians.[4] Banksy says that he was inspired by 3D, a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group Massive Attack.[5]

Banksy
Banksy art on Brick Lane, East End, 2004
Born
Bristol, England[1]
Known forStreet art

Banksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self-built physical prop pieces. Banksy no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti, but his public "installations" are regularly resold, often even by removing the wall they were painted on.[6] Much of his work can be classified as temporary art.[7] A small number of Banksy's works are officially, non-publicly, sold through an agency created by Banksy named Pest Control.[8] Banksy's documentary film Exit Through the Gift Shop (2010) made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival.[9] In January 2011, he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for the film.[10] In 2014, he was awarded Person of the Year at the 2014 Webby Awards.[11]

Identity

Banksy's name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation. In a 2003 interview with Simon Hattenstone of The Guardian, Banksy is described as "white, 28, scruffy casual—jeans, T-shirt, a silver tooth, silver chain and silver earring. He looks like a cross between Jimmy Nail and Mike Skinner of The Streets." Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14, was expelled from school, and served time in prison for petty crime. According to Hattenstone, "anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal".[12] Banksy reportedly lived in Easton, Bristol during the late 1990s, before moving to London around 2000.[13][14][15]

Banksy is commonly believed to be Robin Gunningham, as first identified by The Mail on Sunday in 2008,[16] born on 28 July 1973 in Yate, 12 miles (19 km) from Bristol.[17][18][13] Several of Gunningham's associates and former schoolmates at Bristol Cathedral School have corroborated this, and in 2016, a study by researchers at the Queen Mary University of London using geographic profiling found that the incidence of Banksy's works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham.[19][20][21][22] According to The Sunday Times, Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks, which eventually became Banksy. Two cassette sleeves featuring his art work from 1993, for the Bristol band Mother Samosa, exist with his signature.[23] In June 2017, DJ Goldie referred to Banksy as "Rob".[24]

Other speculations on Banksy's identity include the following:

  • Robert Del Naja (a.k.a. 3D), a member of the trip hop band Massive Attack, had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band, and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy.[25][26][27]
  • In 2020, users on Twitter began to speculate that former Art Attack presenter Neil Buchanan was Banksy. This was denied by Buchanan's publicist.[28]
  • In 2022, Billy Gannon, a local councillor in Pembroke Dock was rumoured to be Banksy. He subsequently resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor. "I'm being asked to prove who I am not, and the person that I am not may not exist," he said. "I mean, how am I supposed to prove that I'm not somebody who doesn't exist? Just how do you do that?"[29]

In October 2014, an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed.[30]

Career

See also: List of works by Banksy

Early career (1990–2001)

 
A Banksy work from the Bristol underground scene

Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990–1994[31] as one of Bristol's DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ), with two other artists known as Kato and Tes.[32] He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger Bristol underground scene with Nick Walker, Inkie and 3D.[33][34] During this time he met Bristol photographer Steve Lazarides, who began selling Banksy's work, later becoming his agent.[35] By 2000 he had turned to the art of stencilling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number[36] and by employing this technique, he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London.[36] He was the goalkeeper for the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls football team in the 1990s, and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001.[37] Banksy's first known large wall mural was The Mild Mild West painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors' office on Stokes Croft in Bristol. It depicts a teddy bear lobbing a Molotov cocktail at three riot police.[38]

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist, or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In July 2011 one of Banksy's early works, Gorilla in a Pink Mask, which had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in Eastville for over ten years, was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre.[39][40]

Exhibitions (2002–2003)

On 19 July 2002, Banksy's first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 331⁄3 Gallery, a tiny Silver Lake venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August.[41][42] The exhibition, entitled Existencilism, "an Exhibition of Art, Lies and Deviousness" was curated by 331⁄3 Gallery, Malathion LA's Chris Vargas, Funk Lazy Promotions' Grace Jehan, and B+.[43] The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ's Jun, AL Jackson, Rhettmatic, J.Rocc, Coleman.[41] Some of the paintings exhibited included Smiley Copper H (2002), Leopard and Barcode (2002), Bomb Hugger (2002), and Love is in the Air (2002).[42][44]

 
Banksy mural in Bethlehem

In 2003, at an exhibition called Turf War, held in a London warehouse, Banksy painted on animals. At the time he gave one of his very few interviews, to the BBC's Nigel Wrench.[45] Although the RSPCA declared the conditions suitable, an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest.[46] An example of his subverted paintings is Monet's Water Lily Pond, adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a shopping trolley floating in its reflective waters; another is Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan, dressed only in his Union Flag underpants, who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the café. These oil paintings were shown at a twelve-day exhibition in Westbourne Grove, London in 2005.[47]

Banksy, along with Shepard Fairey, Dmote, and others, created work at a warehouse exhibition in Alexandria, Sydney, for Semi-Permanent in 2003. Approximately 1,500 people attended.

 
A stencil of Charles Manson in a prison suit, hitchhiking to anywhere, Archway, London

£10 notes to Barely Legal (2004–2006)

In August 2004, Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British £10 notes[48] replacing the picture of the Queen's head with Diana, Princess of Wales's head and changing the text "Bank of England" to "Banksy of England". Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at Notting Hill Carnival that year, which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops. These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa's Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls. The individual notes have since been selling on eBay. A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the NME signing tent at the Reading Festival. A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for £100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana. One of these sold in October 2007 at Bonhams auction house in London for £24,000.[49]

The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence (s.18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981). In 2016, the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England, which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission.[50] The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes.[51]

Also in 2004, Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled Napalm (Can't Beat That Feeling). In the print, Banksy appropriated the image of Phan Thi Kim Phuc, a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph The Terror of War by Nick Ut. Napalm shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo, but no longer within the tragic war setting. Instead, he situates the young girl against an empty background, still screaming, but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse. The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience, seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl. The image of Kim Phuc is flat, grainy and monochromatic; in most of the prints, Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow. In a few limited prints, the corporate characters wear pink or orange. Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of Napalm.[52][53][54]

In August 2005, Banksy, on a trip to the Palestinian territories, created nine images on the Israeli West Bank wall.[55]

There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour, number and excess.

Banksy[56]

Banksy held an exhibition called Barely Legal, billed as a "three-day vandalised warehouse extravaganza" in Los Angeles, on the weekend of 16 September 2006. The exhibition featured a live "elephant in a room", painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern, which, according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition, was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty. Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant, after complaints from animal rights activists, the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day. Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done "many, many movies. She's used to makeup."[57] Banksy also made artwork displaying Queen Victoria as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by Andy Warhol and Leonardo da Vinci.[58]

Banksy effect (2006–2007)

 
Naked Man image by Banksy, on the wall of a sexual health clinic[59] in Park Street, Bristol. Following popular support, the City Council has decided it will be allowed to remain.  (wider view)

After Christina Aguilera bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for £25,000,[60] on 19 October 2006, a set of Kate Moss paintings sold in Sotheby's London for £50,400, setting an auction record for Banksy's work. The six silk-screen prints, featuring the model painted in the style of Andy Warhol's Marilyn Monroe pictures, sold for five times their estimated price. Their stencil of a green Mona Lisa with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for £57,600 at the same auction.[61] In December, journalist Max Foster coined the phrase, "the Banksy effect", to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy's success.[62]

On 21 February 2007, Sotheby's auction house in London auctioned three works, reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction: over £102,000 for Bombing Middle England. Two of his other graffiti works, Girl with Balloon and Bomb Hugger, sold for £37,200 and £31,200 respectively, which were well above their estimated prices.[63] The following day's auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices: Ballerina with Action Man Parts reached £96,000; Glory sold for £72,000; Untitled (2004) sold for £33,600; all significantly above price estimates.[64] To coincide with the second day of auctions, Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said, "I Can't Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit."[65]

In February 2007, the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in Bristol decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural. It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached.[66]

In April 2007, Transport for London painted over Banksy's image of a scene from Quentin Tarantino's film Pulp Fiction (1994), featuring Samuel L. Jackson and John Travolta clutching bananas instead of guns. Although the image was very popular, Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created "a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime" and their staff are "professional cleaners not professional art critics".[67] Banksy painted the same site again and, initially, the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas, but they were adorned with banana costumes. Sometime later, Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second Pulp Fiction work. The tribute was for 19-year-old British graffiti artist Ozone who, along with fellow artist Wants, was hit by an underground train in Barking, east London on 12 January 2007.[68] Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet-proof vest holding a skull. He also wrote a note on his website saying:

 
Ozone's Angel

The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns. A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote "If it's better next time I'll leave it" in the bottom corner. When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic. Ozone—rest in peace.[69]

On 27 April 2007, a new record high for the sale of Banksy's work was set with the auction of the work Space Girl and Bird fetching £288,000 (US$576,000) around 20 times the estimate at Bonhams of London.[70] On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art's Greatest living Briton. Banksy, as expected, did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status. On 4 June 2007, it was reported that Banksy's The Drinker had been stolen.[71][72] In October 2007, most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price.[73]

Banksy has published a "manifesto" on his website.[74] The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British Lieutenant Colonel Mervin Willett Gonin, DSO, which is exhibited in the Imperial War Museum. It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity. However, as of 18 January 2008, Banksy's Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No. 03, which describes Peter Chappell's graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free George Davis from imprisonment.[74] By 12 August 2009 he was relying on Emo Philips' "When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle. Then I realised God doesn't work that way, so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness." A small number of Banksy's works can be seen in the movie Children of Men, including a stenciled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop.[75]

Banksy, who "is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand (including Lazarides Ltd, Andipa Gallery, Bank Robber, Dreweatts etc.)",[76] claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City (his first major exhibition in that city) is unauthorised. The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints.[77]

 
Banksy Swinger in New Orleans

2008

In March, Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal, a couple from Norfolk, UK, made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30-foot mural, entitled Fragile Silence, done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame.[78] According to Nathan Wellard, Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a "large canvas", to which they agreed. In return for the "canvas", the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the Glastonbury Festival. The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for £1,000, was priced at £500,000.[79]

Also in March 2008, a stencilled graffiti work appeared on Thames Water tower in the middle of the Holland Park roundabout, and it was widely attributed to Banksy. It was of a child painting the tag "Take this—Society!" in bright orange. London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham spokesman, Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism, and ordered its immediate removal, which was carried out by H&F council workmen within three days.[80]

In late August 2008, marking the third anniversary of Hurricane Katrina and the associated levee failure disaster, Banksy produced a series of works in New Orleans, Louisiana, mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster.[81]

 
Work on building in the Lower 9th Ward of New Orleans, August 2008

A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the Ensley neighbourhood of Birmingham, Alabama on 29 August as Hurricane Gustav approached the New Orleans area. The painting, depicting a hooded member of the Ku Klux Klan hanging from a noose, was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether.[82] His first official exhibition in New York City, The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill, opened 5 October 2008. The animatronic pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby Chicken McNuggets as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet, and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror.[83]

The Westminster City Council stated in October 2008 that the work One Nation Under CCTV, painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti. The council said it would remove any graffiti, regardless of the reputation of its creator, and specifically stated that Banksy "has no more right to paint graffiti than a child". Robert Davis, the chairman of the council planning committee told The Times newspaper: "If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art."[84] The work was painted over in April 2009. In December 2008, The Little Diver, a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne, Australia, was destroyed. The image had been protected by a sheet of clear perspex; however, silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words "Banksy woz ere". The image was almost completely obliterated.[85]

The Cans Festival (2008)

In London, over the weekend 3–5 May 2008, Banksy hosted an exhibition called The Cans Festival. It was situated on Leake Street, a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath London Waterloo station. Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork, as long as it did not cover anyone else's.[86] Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works.[87]

2009

 
The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by Robbo in Camden, London allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation

In May 2009, Banksy parted company with agent Steve Lazarides and announced that Pest Control,[88] the handling service who act on his behalf, would be the only point of sale for new works. On 13 June 2009, the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, featuring more than 100 works of art, including animatronics and installations; it is his largest exhibition yet, featuring 78 new works.[89][90] Reaction to the show was positive, with over 8,500 visitors to the show on the first weekend.[91] Over the course of the twelve weeks, the exhibition was visited over 300,000 times.[92] In September 2009, a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner. The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 Blur single "Crazy Beat" and the property owner, who had allowed it to be painted, was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over.[93]

In December 2009, Banksy marked the end of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference by painting four murals on global warming. One included the phrase, "I don't believe in global warming;" the words were submerged in water.[94] A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and King Robbo broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo's tags. The feud has led to many of Banksy's works being altered by graffiti writers.[95]

Exit Through the Gift Shop and United States (2010)

The world premiere of the film Exit Through the Gift Shop occurred at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah, on 24 January. He created 10 street artworks around Park City and Salt Lake City to tie in with the screening.[96] In February, The Whitehouse public house in Liverpool, England, was sold for £114,000 at auction. The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy.[97]

In March 2010, a modified version of the work Forgive Us Our Trespassing–a kneeling boy with a spray-painted halo–was displayed at London Bridge Station on a poster. This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground.[98] After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist, so Transport for London disposed of the poster.[98][99]

Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language, then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places. His works, whether he stencils them on the streets, sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly, are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers.

Shepard Fairey in Time magazine on Banksy's entry in the Time 100 list, April 2010[100]

In April, to coincide with the premiere of Exit Through the Gift Shop in San Francisco, five of his works appeared in various parts of the city.[101] Banksy reportedly paid a San Francisco Chinatown building owner $50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils.[102] In May 2010, seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto, Canada,[103] though most have been subsequently painted over or removed.

In May, to coincide with the premiere of Exit Through the Gift Shop in Royal Oak, Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren.[104] Shortly after, his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words "I remember when all this was trees" was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios. They claim that they do not intend to sell the work but plan to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery.[105] There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as Diamond Girl.[106] While in the United States, Banksy also completed a painting in Chinatown, Boston, known as Follow Your Dreams.[107]

In late January 2011, Exit Through the Gift Shop was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature.[108] Banksy released a statement about the nomination, stating, "This is a big surprise... I don't agree with the concept of award ceremonies, but I'm prepared to make an exception for the ones I'm nominated for. The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house, it was me."[109] Leading up to the Oscars, Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art. Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar. Exit Through the Gift Shop did not win the award, which went to Inside Job. In early March 2011, Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in Weston-super-Mare, UK, of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting. Many people think that it is about 15-month-old Lara, who dropped and damaged her father's (The King's Speech co-producer Simon Egan) Oscar statue.[110] Exit Through the Gift Shop was broadcast on British public television station Channel 4 on 13 August 2011.

Banksy was credited with the opening couch gag for the 2010 The Simpsons episode "MoneyBart", depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel-by-cel and the merchandise connected with the program.[111] His name appears several times throughout the episode's opening sequence, spray-painted on assorted walls and signs. Fox sanitised parts of the opening "for taste" and to make it less grim. In January 2011, Banksy published the original storyboard on its website.[112] According to Banksy, the storyboard "led to delays, disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department." Executive director Al Jean jokingly said, "This is what you get when you outsource."[111]

2011

In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking petrol bomb contained in a 'Tesco Value' bottle. This followed a long-running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy's home city of Bristol. Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area. Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots. The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for £5 each.

In December, he unveiled Cardinal Sin at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool. The bust, which replaces a priest's face with a "pixelated" effect, was a statement on the child abuse scandal in the Catholic Church.[113]

2012

In May his Parachuting Rat, painted in Melbourne in the late 1990s, was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes.[114]

In July, prior to the 2012 Olympic Games Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location.[115][116]

2013

On 18 February, BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural, known as the Slave Labour mural portraying a young child sewing Union Flag bunting (created around the time of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II) had been removed from the side of a Poundland store in Wood Green, north London, and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami's catalogue (a US auction site based in Florida). News of this had reportedly caused "lots of anger" in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft. Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft, saying it had signed a contract with a "well-known collector" and that "everything was above board"; despite this, the local Councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work's return.[117] On the scheduled day of the auction, Fine Art Auctions Miami announced that it had withdrawn the work of art from the sale.[118]

On 11 May, BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group. The auction was scheduled to take place in June, and was expected to fetch up to £450,000.[119] On 24 September, after over a year since his previous piece, a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle Better Out Than In.

Better Out Than In (2013)

Main article: Better Out Than In

On 1 October 2013, Banksy began a one-month "show on the streets of New York [City]", for which he opened a separate website[120] and granted an interview to The Village Voice via his publicist.[121]

A pop-up boutique of about 25 spray-art canvases appeared on Fifth Avenue near Central Park on 12 October. Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just $60 each. In a note posted to his website, the artist wrote: "Please note this was a one-off. The stall will not be there again." The BBC estimated that the street-stall art pieces could be worth as much as $31,000. The booth was manned by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale, yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work. Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting, "Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100% authentic original signed Banksy canvases. For $60 each."[122][123][124] Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for $214,000.[125]

Asked about the artist's presence in New York, then-New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, who had led a citywide graffiti cleanup operation in 2002, said he didn't consider graffiti a form of art.[126] One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of Ronald McDonald and a real person, barefoot and in ragged clothes, shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald. The sculpture was unveiled in Queens but moved outside a different McDonald's around the city every day.[127][128][129] Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated Dumbo; travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall; and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for $615,000.[130][131] Banksy also posted a mock-up of a New York Times op-ed attacking the design of the One World Trade Center after the Times rejected his submission.[132] The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013;[130][133] many of the pieces, though, were either vandalised, removed or stolen.[134]

2015

"Banksy in Gaza" clip

In February 2015 Banksy published a 2-minute video titled Make this the year YOU discover a new destination about his trip to Gaza Strip. During the visit he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike ("I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website—but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens") and a swing hanging off a watchtower. In a statement to The New York Times his publicist said,

I don't want to take sides. But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future—what you're really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists. And we should probably address this for all our sakes.[135]

 
Dismaland (2015), a "bemusement park" in Weston-super-Mare

Dismaland

Main article: Dismaland

Banksy opened Dismaland, a large scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015. It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time. Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015. The "theme park" was located in Weston-super-Mare, United Kingdom.[136][137] According to the Dismaland website, artists represented on the show include Damien Hirst and Jenny Holzer.[138]

The Son of a Migrant from Syria

Main article: The Son of a Migrant from Syria

In December 2015, Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of Calais, France, including the so-called "Jungle" where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom. One of the pieces, The Son of a Migrant from Syria, depicts Steve Jobs as a migrant.[139]

2017

Walled Off Hotel

Main article: The Walled Off Hotel

In 2017, marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine, Banksy financed the creation of the Walled Off Hotel in Bethlehem. This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy, Sami Musa, and Dominique Petrin, and each of the bedrooms face the wall. It also houses a contemporary art gallery.[140]

2018

Return to New York

2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his Better Out Than In residency. A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock-face, dubbed Rat race, was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street,[141] but other works, including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist Zehra Doğan on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn, remain on display.[142]

Balloon Girl Shredding

Main article: Love is in the Bin

In October 2018, one of Banksy's works, Balloon Girl, was sold in an auction at Sotheby's in London for £1.04m. However, shortly after the gavel dropped and it was sold, an alarm sounded inside of the picture frame and the canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame, partially shredding the picture.[143] Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned "Going, going, gone...".[144] After the sale, the auction house acknowledged that the self-destruction of the work was a prank by the artist.[145] The prank received wide news coverage around the world, with one newspaper stating that it was "quite possibly the biggest prank in art history."[143] Joey Syer, co-founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales,[146] told the Evening Standard: "The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received, the lucky buyer would see a great return on the £1.02M they paid last night, this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we'd estimate Banksy has added at a minimum 50% to its value, possibly as high as being worth £2m+."[147] A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy.[148][149] Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture, explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously, in case it ever went up for auction. To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork, Banksy quoted Picasso: "The urge to destroy is also a creative urge".[150][151] (Although Banksy cited Picasso, this quote is usually attributed to Mikhail Bakunin.)[152] It is not known how the shredder was activated.[153] Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely. The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says: "In rehearsals it worked every time...".[154]

The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase. The partially shredded work has been given a new title, Love is in the Bin, and it was authenticated by Banksy's authentication body Pest Control. Sotheby released a statement that said "Banksy didn't destroy an artwork in the auction, he created one," and called it "the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction."[155][156] On 14 October 2021, the half-shredded painting was reported to have been sold for $25.4 million.[157]

Season's Greetings

 
Season's Greetings was created by Banksy in Port Talbot, Wales, in December 2018, and was quickly provided with a temporary protective covering to prevent vandalism.

A two-sided graffiti piece, one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow, the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire, appeared on two walls of a steelworker's garage in Port Talbot in December.[158][159] Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an Instagram video soundtracked by the festive children's song 'Little Snowflake'.[160] Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and Plaid Cymru councillor for Aberavon, Nigel Thomas Hunt, stated that the town was "buzzing" with speculation that the work was Banksy's. The owner of the garage, Ian Lewis, said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised.[161] A plastic screen, partially funded by Michael Sheen, was installed to protect the mural, but was attacked by a "drunk halfwit".[162] Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece.[163] In May 2019, the mural was moved to a gallery in the town's Ty'r Orsaf building.[164]

2019

Trademark dispute

In early October 2019, Banksy opened a "pop-up shop" named Gross Domestic Product in Croydon, South London to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greetings cards company who had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it. In a statement, Banksy said "A greetings cards company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art, and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally."[165] Mark Stephens, arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society, called the case a "ludicrous litigation" and is providing the artist legal advice. Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark, saying: "Because [Banksy] doesn't produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear—if the trademark holder is not using the mark, then it can be transferred to someone who will."[166]

On 4 October 2019, greetings cards distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy's claims as "entirely untrue". The company claimed it had contacted Banksy's lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties.[167]

On 14 September 2020, the European Union Intellectual Property Office ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy's infamous "Flower Thrower".[168] The European panel judges in (Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd [2020] E.T.M.R. 58) decided that Banksy's trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017/1001 art.59(1)(b).[169] The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist's "pop-up shop" demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark, condemning it as "inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade" [at 1141]. The artist's choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either, noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy, legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person [1151]. However, counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist [at 1135]. Although not binding, the judges also referenced Banksy's previously critical statements about copyright, which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist's case [at 1144].

Record sale for Devolved Parliament

Main article: Devolved Parliament (Banksy)

In October 2019, Devolved Parliament, a 2009 painting by Banksy showing Members of Parliament depicted as chimpanzees in the House of Commons, sold at Sotheby's in London for just under £9.9 million. On Instagram, the artist said it was a "record price for a Banksy painting" and "shame I didn't still own it".[170] At 13 feet (4.0 m) wide it is Banksy's biggest known work on canvas. The auction house stated: "Regardless of where you sit in the Brexit debate, there's no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been."[170]

2020

Valentine's Day

On 13 February 2020, the Valentine's Banksy mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol's Barton Hill neighbourhood, depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves.[171] In the early hours of Valentine's Day (14 February), Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website.[172] The painting was defaced just days after appearing.[173]

Painting for Saints

Banksy dedicated a painting titled Painting for Saints or Game Changer to NHS staff, and donated it to the University Hospital of Southampton during the global coronavirus pandemic in May 2020.[174] The painting was sold for £14.4m (£16.8m including buyer premium) on 23 March 2021, which is a record for an artwork by Banksy. The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.[175]

2021

Escaping prisoner in Reading

In March 2021, the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of Reading Prison.[176]

Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork. The former jail's next use had been disputed locally, some wanting it to be used as an arts hub, while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer.[177]

The escaping prisoner was said to resemble Oscar Wilde, who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison, with the "rope" as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end.[177]

A Great British Spraycation

Main article: A Great British Spraycation

In August 2021, several Banksy artworks, collectively titled A Great British Spraycation, appeared in several East Anglian towns.[178][179]

The Outlaws

Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 BBC One/Amazon Prime Video comedy The Outlaws. The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series, and was painted over by the character Frank, played by Christopher Walken, while he was cleaning a graffiti-covered wall as part of his Community Payback sentence.[180]

2022

 
Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Independence Square), Kyiv
 
A mural on the wall of a bombed building in Irpin, Ukraine

In November 2022, Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of Borodianka, appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the Russian invasion.[181] He also created six murals in Kyiv, Irpin, Hostomel and Horenka.[182][183]

Other notable artworks

Banksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high-profile artworks, including the following:

  • At London Zoo, he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted "We're bored of fish" in 7-foot-high (2.1 m) letters.[184]
  • At London Zoo, he left the message "I want out. This place is too cold. Keeper smells. Boring, boring, boring." in the elephant enclosure.[185]
  • In 2004, he placed the piece Banksus Militus Ratus into London's Natural History Museum.[186]
  • In March 2005, he placed subverted artworks in the Museum of Modern Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, and American Museum of Natural History in Manhattan as well as the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn.[187]
  • In May 2005 Banksy's version of a primitive cave painting depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley was hung in gallery 49 of the British Museum, London.[188]
  • In August 2005, Banksy painted nine images on the Israeli West Bank barrier, including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall.[55][189][190]
  • In October 2005, Banksy designed six station IDs for Nickelodeon.[191]
  • In April 2006, Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side, apparently bleeding, and placed it in a side street in Soho, London. It was later removed by Westminster Council.[192]
  • In June 2006, Banksy created Well Hung Lover, an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central Bristol. The image sparked "a heated debate",[193] with the Bristol City Council leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go.[194] After an internet discussion in which 97% of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil, the city council decided it would be left on the building.[193] The mural was later defaced with blue paint.[195]
  • In August/September 2006, Banksy placed up to 500 copies of Paris Hilton's debut CD, Paris, in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by Danger Mouse. Music tracks were given titles such as "Why Am I Famous?", "What Have I Done?" and "What Am I For?". Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them, some going on to be sold for as much as £750 on online auction websites such as eBay. The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless. Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell's head replacing her own, and one of her stepping out of a luxury car, edited to include a group of homeless people, which included the caption "90% of success is just showing up."[196][197][198]
  • In September 2006, Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a Guantanamo Bay detainment camp prisoner (orange jumpsuit, black hood, and handcuffs) and then placed the figure within the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad ride at the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim, California.[199][200]
  • He makes stickers (the Neighbourhood Watch subvert) and was responsible for the cover art of Blur's 2003 album Think Tank.
  • In September 2007, Banksy covered a wall in Portobello Road with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy's name.[201]
  • A guard/police officer with a balloon animal was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010, and has since been removed from its original location and preserved.[202]
  • In July 2012, in the run up to the London 2012 Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event. One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a javelin, evidently taking a poke at the surface to air missile sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games.[203][204]
  • In April 2014, he created a piece in Cheltenham, near the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) headquarters, which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to "snoop" on a telephone box, evidently criticising the recent Global surveillance disclosures of 2013. This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014.[205] This piece 'disappeared' on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on, and may have been destroyed.[206]
  • In June 2016, a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its houses after him. BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine. In the letter, Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting, they should add their own elements.[207][208]
  • In May 2017, Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant Brexit mural, painted on a house in Dover (Kent)[209]
  • Banksy's Dream Boat, originally made for the Dismaland exhibition, was donated to the NGO Help Refugees (now called Choose Love) to help raise funds for the charity. The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees' London Choose Love pop-up shop in the run-up to Christmas 2018, and members of the public could pay £2.00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece. The person with the closest guess would win Dream Boat.[210] The 'guess-the-weight' competition was seen as 'deliberately school fair' in style.[211]
  •  

    Near Bethlehem – 2005

  •  

    The "Grin Reaper"

  •  

    The Girl with the Pierced Eardrum

Damaged artwork

Main article: Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed

Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised, painted over or destroyed.

In 2008, in Melbourne, paint was poured over a stencil of an old-fashioned diver wearing a trench coat.[212] In April 2010, the Melbourne City Council reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a rat descending in a parachute adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre.

Many works that make up the Better Out Than In series in New York City have been defaced, some just hours after the piece was unveiled.[213][214] At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist, OMAR NYC, who spray-painted over Banksy's red mylar balloon piece in Red Hook.[215] OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy's work in May 2010.[216][217]

Technique

 
ATM attacking a girl, Rosebery Avenue, London, January 2008

Because of the secretive nature of Banksy's work and identity, it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils, though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work. He mentions in his book Wall and Piece that as he was starting to do graffiti, he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting. He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry, when he noticed the stencilled serial number. He then devised a series of intricate stencils to minimise time and overlapping of the colour.

There exists a debate about the influence behind his work. Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist 3D. Another source credits the artist's work to resemble that of French graffiti artist Blek le Rat. It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils, later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces.[218]

Banksy's stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans. The message is usually anti-war, anti-capitalist or anti-establishment. Subjects often include rats, apes, policemen, soldiers, children, and the elderly.

In the broader art world, stencils are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card, before being cut out by hand. This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity. There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils, with many artists criticising their use as "cheating".

In 2018, Banksy created a piece live, as it was being auctioned. The piece, titled, Love is in the Bin, was originally the painting, Girl with Balloon, before it was shredded at Sotheby's. While the bidding was going on, a shredder was activated from within the frame, and the piece was partially shredded, thus creating a new piece.

Political and social themes

 
Shop Until You Drop in Mayfair, London. Banksy has said "We can't do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles. In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves."[219]

Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass "revenge", or guerrilla warfare that allows an individual to snatch away power, territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy.[56] Banksy sees a social class component to this struggle, remarking "If you don't own a train company then you go and paint on one instead."[56] Banksy's work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power, hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against you, that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived.[56]

Banksy's works have dealt with various political and social themes, including anti-war, anti-consumerism, anti-fascism, anti-imperialism, anti-authoritarianism, anarchism, nihilism, and existentialism. Additionally, the components of the human condition that his works commonly critique are greed, poverty, hypocrisy, boredom, despair, absurdity, and alienation.[220] Although Banksy's works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message, Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books. In summarising his list of "people who should be shot", he listed "Fascist thugs, religious fundamentalists, (and) people who write lists telling you who should be shot."[221] While facetiously describing his political nature, Banksy declared that "Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world, I can't even finish my second apple pie."[222]

Banksy's work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses. When speaking about his 2005 work Show me the Monet, Banksy explained:

"The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now. We don't live in a world like Constable's Haywain anymore and, if you do, there is probably a travellers' camp on the other side of the hill. The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers, but by big business... exactly the people who put gold-framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave."[223]

Show me the Monet repurposes Claude Monet's Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies, with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone. This painting was later sold for £7.5 million at Sotheby's Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020.[223]

During the 2017 United Kingdom general election, Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West, Bristol West, North Somerset, Thornbury, Kingswood and Filton constituencies.[224] According to a note posted on Banksy's website, an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art. On 5 June 2017 the Avon and Somerset Constabulary announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected corrupt practice of bribery,[225] and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating "I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result. So I regret to announce that this ill-conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled."[226]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Banksy referenced medical advice to self-isolate by creating an artwork in his bathroom.[227]

Philanthropy and activism

Banksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes, such as Civilian Drone Strike, which was sold in 2017 at £205,000 to raise funds for Campaign Against Arms Trade and Reprieve. It was part of the exhibition 'Art the Arms Fair' set up in opposition to the DSEI arms fair.[228] In 2018, a sculpture titled Dream Boat, which was exhibited in Dismaland in 2015, was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees (now called Choose Love) for a minimum donation of £2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop-up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street.[229] In 2002, he produced artwork for the Greenpeace campaign Save or Delete. He also provided works to support local causes; in 2013, a work titled The Banality of the Banality of Evil was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti-homelessness charity in New York,[230] In 2014, an artwork on a doorway titled Mobile Lovers was sold £403,000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open,[231][232] and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019.[233]

Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid-2000s, including The Walled Off Hotel in Bethlehem.[234][235][236][237] In July 2020, Banksy sold three paintings forming a triptych titled Mediterranean Sea View 2017, which raised £2.2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem. The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel, and are Romantic-era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore, a reference to the European migrant crisis.[238]

Banksy gifted a painting titled Game Changer to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.[239] It was later sold for £14.4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS-related organisations and charities.[175]

In August 2020, it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a rescue boat to save refugees at risk in the Mediterranean Sea. The former French Navy boat, renamed after Louise Michel, has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart-shaped safety float.[240]

Criticism

Peter Gibson, a spokesman for Keep Britain Tidy, asserts that Banksy's work is simple vandalism.[241] Another official for the same organisation stated: "We are concerned that Banksy's street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism."[65]

Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of Blek le Rat, who created the life-sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery.[242] Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art,[242] but said in an interview for the documentary Graffiti Wars that some of Banksy's more derivative work makes him "angry", saying that "It's difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it, you don't like that."[243]

Some have criticised the "obviousness" of Banksy's work and accused it of being "anarchy-lite" geared towards a middle class "hipster" audience. Much of this criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013. Many New York street artists, such as TrustoCorp, criticised Banksy, and much of his work was defaced.[244][245] In his column for The Guardian, satirist Charlie Brooker wrote that Banksy's "work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots."[246]

Banksy was accused of being "inconsistent with honest practices" when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers. The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim, "saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws, which are separate and would have required [him] to reveal his true identity. The ruling quoted from one of his books, in which he said 'copyright is for losers'."[247]

Books

Banksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings:

  • Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall (2001) ISBN 978-0-9541704-0-0
  • Existencilism (2002) ISBN 978-0-9541704-1-7
  • Cut It Out (2004) ISBN 978-0-9544960-0-5
  • Pictures of Walls (2005) ISBN 978-0-9551946-0-3
  • Wall and Piece (2007) ISBN 978-1-84413-786-2

Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall, Existencilism, and Cut It Out were a three-part self-published series of small booklets.[248]

Pictures of Walls is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists, curated and self-published by Banksy. None of them are still in print, or were ever printed in any significant number.[249]

Banksy's Wall and Piece compiled large parts of the images and writings in their original three-book series, with heavy editing and some new material.[250] It was intended for mass print, and published by Random House.[250]

The writings in their original three books had numerous grammatical errors, and his writings in them often took a dark, and angry, and a (self-described) paranoid tone.[251][252][253] While the content in them was almost entirely kept in Wall and Piece, the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone, and the grammatical errors were resolved (presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution).[250]

See also

References

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  2. ^ Holzwarth, Hans W. (2009). 100 Contemporary Artists A–Z (Taschen's 25th anniversary special ed.). Köln: Taschen. p. 40. ISBN 978-3-8365-1490-3.
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Further reading

  • Reisser, Mirko; Peters, Gerrit; Zahlmann, Heiko, eds. (2002). Urban Discipline 2002: Graffiti-Art. Urban Discipline: Graffiti-Art (in German). Vol. 3 (1st ed.). Hamburg (Germany): getting-up. p. 144. ISBN 978-3-00-009421-7.
  • Steve Wright, Banksy's Bristol: Home Sweet Home, Tangent Books (2007), ISBN 978-1-906477-00-4
  • Martin Bull, Banksy Locations and Tours: A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London (2006 – with new editions in 2007, 2008 and 2010), ISBN 978-0-9554712-4-7.
  • Ulrich Blanché, Something to s(pr)ay: Der Street Artivist Banksy. Eine kunstwissenschaftliche Untersuchung (2010), ISBN 978-3-8288-2283-2
  • Will Elsworth-Jones, Banksy, the Man behind the Wall (2012), ISBN 978-1-8451369-9-4.
  • Paul Gough, Banksy, the Bristol Legacy (2012), ISBN 978-1-906593-96-4.
  • Gary Shove and Patrick Potter, You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat And If You Were Not You Would Know About It (2012, new edition in 2015) ISBN 978-1908211088

External links

Official websites:

  • Official website  
  • Pest Control – Official Banksy authentication service and only current official dealer of original Banksy works
  • Banksy Instagram – Official Banksy Instagram page
  • Banksy YouTube Channel  – Official Banksy YouTube channel

Slideshows and galleries:

  • Banksy Street Art Photographs
  • Banksy Images – from Flickr
  • Banksy Gallery – by BBC News
  • Banksy v Bristol Museum – slideshow by BBC
  • Stencil Revolution About Banksy

News items

  • "Police thwart attempt to steal Bethlehem Banksy mural", Ma'an News Agency, April 21, 2015
  • Will-Ellsworth-Jones, "The Story Behind Banksy", The Smithsonian Magazine, February 2013

January 20, 2023
banksy, payment, processor, pseudonymous, england, based, street, artist, political, activist, film, director, whose, real, name, identity, remain, unconfirmed, subject, speculation, active, since, 1990s, satirical, street, subversive, epigrams, combine, dark,. For the payment processor see Banksys Banksy is a pseudonymous England based street artist political activist and film director whose real name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation 2 Active since the 1990s his satirical street art and subversive epigrams combine dark humour with graffiti executed in a distinctive stenciling technique His works of political and social commentary have appeared on streets walls and bridges throughout the world 3 Banksy s work grew out of the Bristol underground scene which involved collaborations between artists and musicians 4 Banksy says that he was inspired by 3D a graffiti artist and founding member of the musical group Massive Attack 5 BanksyBanksy art on Brick Lane East End 2004BornBristol England 1 Known forStreet artBanksy displays his art on publicly visible surfaces such as walls and self built physical prop pieces Banksy no longer sells photographs or reproductions of his street graffiti but his public installations are regularly resold often even by removing the wall they were painted on 6 Much of his work can be classified as temporary art 7 A small number of Banksy s works are officially non publicly sold through an agency created by Banksy named Pest Control 8 Banksy s documentary film Exit Through the Gift Shop 2010 made its debut at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival 9 In January 2011 he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for the film 10 In 2014 he was awarded Person of the Year at the 2014 Webby Awards 11 Contents 1 Identity 2 Career 2 1 Early career 1990 2001 2 2 Exhibitions 2002 2003 2 3 10 notes to Barely Legal 2004 2006 2 4 Banksy effect 2006 2007 2 5 2008 2 5 1 The Cans Festival 2008 2 6 2009 2 7 Exit Through the Gift Shop and United States 2010 2 8 2011 2 9 2012 2 10 2013 2 10 1 Better Out Than In 2013 2 11 2015 2 11 1 Banksy in Gaza clip 2 11 2 Dismaland 2 11 3 The Son of a Migrant from Syria 2 12 2017 2 12 1 Walled Off Hotel 2 13 2018 2 13 1 Return to New York 2 13 2 Balloon Girl Shredding 2 13 3 Season s Greetings 2 14 2019 2 14 1 Trademark dispute 2 14 2 Record sale for Devolved Parliament 2 15 2020 2 15 1 Valentine s Day 2 15 2 Painting for Saints 2 16 2021 2 16 1 Escaping prisoner in Reading 2 16 2 A Great British Spraycation 2 16 3 The Outlaws 2 17 2022 3 Other notable artworks 3 1 Damaged artwork 4 Technique 5 Political and social themes 6 Philanthropy and activism 7 Criticism 8 Books 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External linksIdentityBanksy s name and identity remain unconfirmed and the subject of speculation In a 2003 interview with Simon Hattenstone of The Guardian Banksy is described as white 28 scruffy casual jeans T shirt a silver tooth silver chain and silver earring He looks like a cross between Jimmy Nail and Mike Skinner of The Streets Banksy began as an artist at the age of 14 was expelled from school and served time in prison for petty crime According to Hattenstone anonymity is vital to him because graffiti is illegal 12 Banksy reportedly lived in Easton Bristol during the late 1990s before moving to London around 2000 13 14 15 Banksy is commonly believed to be Robin Gunningham as first identified by The Mail on Sunday in 2008 16 born on 28 July 1973 in Yate 12 miles 19 km from Bristol 17 18 13 Several of Gunningham s associates and former schoolmates at Bristol Cathedral School have corroborated this and in 2016 a study by researchers at the Queen Mary University of London using geographic profiling found that the incidence of Banksy s works correlated with the known movements of Gunningham 19 20 21 22 According to The Sunday Times Gunningham began employing the name Robin Banks which eventually became Banksy Two cassette sleeves featuring his art work from 1993 for the Bristol band Mother Samosa exist with his signature 23 In June 2017 DJ Goldie referred to Banksy as Rob 24 Other speculations on Banksy s identity include the following Robert Del Naja a k a 3D a member of the trip hop band Massive Attack had been a graffiti artist during the 1980s prior to forming the band and was previously identified as a personal friend of Banksy 25 26 27 In 2020 users on Twitter began to speculate that former Art Attack presenter Neil Buchanan was Banksy This was denied by Buchanan s publicist 28 In 2022 Billy Gannon a local councillor in Pembroke Dock was rumoured to be Banksy He subsequently resigned because the speculation was affecting his ability to carry out the duties of a councillor I m being asked to prove who I am not and the person that I am not may not exist he said I mean how am I supposed to prove that I m not somebody who doesn t exist Just how do you do that 29 In October 2014 an internet hoax circulated that Banksy had been arrested and his identity revealed 30 CareerSee also List of works by Banksy Early career 1990 2001 A Banksy work from the Bristol underground scene Banksy started as a freehand graffiti artist in 1990 1994 31 as one of Bristol s DryBreadZ Crew DBZ with two other artists known as Kato and Tes 32 He was inspired by local artists and his work was part of the larger Bristol underground scene with Nick Walker Inkie and 3D 33 34 During this time he met Bristol photographer Steve Lazarides who began selling Banksy s work later becoming his agent 35 By 2000 he had turned to the art of stencilling after realising how much less time it took to complete a work He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry when he noticed the stencilled serial number 36 and by employing this technique he soon became more widely noticed for his art around Bristol and London 36 He was the goalkeeper for the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls football team in the 1990s and toured with the club to Mexico in 2001 37 Banksy s first known large wall mural was The Mild Mild West painted in 1997 to cover advertising of a former solicitors office on Stokes Croft in Bristol It depicts a teddy bear lobbing a Molotov cocktail at three riot police 38 Banksy s stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans The message is usually anti war anti capitalist or anti establishment Subjects often include rats apes policemen soldiers children and the elderly In July 2011 one of Banksy s early works Gorilla in a Pink Mask which had been a prominent landmark on the exterior wall of a former social club in Eastville for over ten years was unwittingly painted over after the premises became a Muslim cultural centre 39 40 Exhibitions 2002 2003 On 19 July 2002 Banksy s first Los Angeles exhibition debuted at 331 3 Gallery a tiny Silver Lake venue owned by Frank Sosa and was on view until 18 August 41 42 The exhibition entitled Existencilism an Exhibition of Art Lies and Deviousness was curated by 331 3 Gallery Malathion LA s Chris Vargas Funk Lazy Promotions Grace Jehan and B 43 The flyer of the exhibition indicates an opening reception was followed by a performance by Money Mark with DJ s Jun AL Jackson Rhettmatic J Rocc Coleman 41 Some of the paintings exhibited included Smiley Copper H 2002 Leopard and Barcode 2002 Bomb Hugger 2002 and Love is in the Air 2002 42 44 Banksy mural in Bethlehem In 2003 at an exhibition called Turf War held in a London warehouse Banksy painted on animals At the time he gave one of his very few interviews to the BBC s Nigel Wrench 45 Although the RSPCA declared the conditions suitable an animal rights activist chained herself to the railings in protest 46 An example of his subverted paintings is Monet s Water Lily Pond adapted to include urban detritus such as litter and a shopping trolley floating in its reflective waters another is Edward Hopper s Nighthawks redrawn to show that the characters are looking at a British football hooligan dressed only in his Union Flag underpants who has just thrown an object through the glass window of the cafe These oil paintings were shown at a twelve day exhibition in Westbourne Grove London in 2005 47 Banksy along with Shepard Fairey Dmote and others created work at a warehouse exhibition in Alexandria Sydney for Semi Permanent in 2003 Approximately 1 500 people attended A stencil of Charles Manson in a prison suit hitchhiking to anywhere Archway London 10 notes to Barely Legal 2004 2006 In August 2004 Banksy produced a quantity of spoof British 10 notes 48 replacing the picture of the Queen s head with Diana Princess of Wales s head and changing the text Bank of England to Banksy of England Someone threw a large wad of these into a crowd at Notting Hill Carnival that year which some recipients then tried to spend in local shops These notes were also given with invitations to a Santa s Ghetto exhibition by Pictures on Walls The individual notes have since been selling on eBay A wad of the notes was also thrown over a fence and into the crowd near the NME signing tent at the Reading Festival A limited run of 50 signed posters containing ten uncut notes was also produced and sold by Pictures on Walls for 100 each to commemorate the death of Princess Diana One of these sold in October 2007 at Bonhams auction house in London for 24 000 49 The reproduction of images of the banknotes classifies as a criminal offence s 18 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 In 2016 the American Numismatic Society received an email from a Reproductions Officer at the Bank of England which brought attention to the illegality of publishing photos of the banknotes on their website without prior permission 50 The Bank of England holds the copyright over all its banknotes 51 Also in 2004 Banksy created a limited edition screenprint titled Napalm Can t Beat That Feeling In the print Banksy appropriated the image of Phan Thi Kim Phuc a Vietnamese girl who appeared in the iconic 1972 photograph The Terror of War by Nick Ut Napalm shows the image of Kim Phuc as seen in the original photo but no longer within the tragic war setting Instead he situates the young girl against an empty background still screaming but now accompanied by Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse The two characters hold her hands as they cheerfully gesture to an invisible audience seemingly oblivious to the terrified girl The image of Kim Phuc is flat grainy and monochromatic in most of the prints Ronald McDonald and Mickey Mouse are yellow In a few limited prints the corporate characters wear pink or orange Banksy produced 150 signed and 500 unsigned copies of Napalm 52 53 54 In August 2005 Banksy on a trip to the Palestinian territories created nine images on the Israeli West Bank wall 55 There are crimes that become innocent and even glorious through their splendour number and excess Banksy 56 Banksy held an exhibition called Barely Legal billed as a three day vandalised warehouse extravaganza in Los Angeles on the weekend of 16 September 2006 The exhibition featured a live elephant in a room painted in a pink and gold floral wallpaper pattern which according to leaflets handed out at the exhibition was intended to draw attention to the issue of world poverty Although the Animal Services Department had issued a permit for the elephant after complaints from animal rights activists the elephant appeared unpainted on the final day Its owners rejected claims of mistreatment and said that the elephant had done many many movies She s used to makeup 57 Banksy also made artwork displaying Queen Victoria as a lesbian and satirical pieces that incorporated art made by Andy Warhol and Leonardo da Vinci 58 Banksy effect 2006 2007 Naked Man image by Banksy on the wall of a sexual health clinic 59 in Park Street Bristol Following popular support the City Council has decided it will be allowed to remain wider view After Christina Aguilera bought an original of Queen Victoria as a lesbian and two prints for 25 000 60 on 19 October 2006 a set of Kate Moss paintings sold in Sotheby s London for 50 400 setting an auction record for Banksy s work The six silk screen prints featuring the model painted in the style of Andy Warhol s Marilyn Monroe pictures sold for five times their estimated price Their stencil of a green Mona Lisa with real paint dripping from her eyes sold for 57 600 at the same auction 61 In December journalist Max Foster coined the phrase the Banksy effect to illustrate how interest in other street artists was growing on the back of Banksy s success 62 On 21 February 2007 Sotheby s auction house in London auctioned three works reaching the highest ever price for a Banksy work at auction over 102 000 for Bombing Middle England Two of his other graffiti works Girl with Balloon and Bomb Hugger sold for 37 200 and 31 200 respectively which were well above their estimated prices 63 The following day s auction saw a further three Banksy works reach soaring prices Ballerina with Action Man Parts reached 96 000 Glory sold for 72 000 Untitled 2004 sold for 33 600 all significantly above price estimates 64 To coincide with the second day of auctions Banksy updated his website with a new image of an auction house scene showing people bidding on a picture that said I Can t Believe You Morons Actually Buy This Shit 65 In February 2007 the owners of a house with a Banksy mural on the side in Bristol decided to sell the house through Red Propeller art gallery after offers fell through because the prospective buyers wanted to remove the mural It is listed as a mural that comes with a house attached 66 In April 2007 Transport for London painted over Banksy s image of a scene from Quentin Tarantino s film Pulp Fiction 1994 featuring Samuel L Jackson and John Travolta clutching bananas instead of guns Although the image was very popular Transport for London claimed that the graffiti created a general atmosphere of neglect and social decay which in turn encourages crime and their staff are professional cleaners not professional art critics 67 Banksy painted the same site again and initially the actors were portrayed as holding real guns instead of bananas but they were adorned with banana costumes Sometime later Banksy made a tribute artwork over this second Pulp Fiction work The tribute was for 19 year old British graffiti artist Ozone who along with fellow artist Wants was hit by an underground train in Barking east London on 12 January 2007 68 Banksy depicted an angel wearing a bullet proof vest holding a skull He also wrote a note on his website saying Ozone s Angel The last time I hit this spot I painted a crap picture of two men in banana costumes waving handguns A few weeks later a writer called Ozone completely dogged it and then wrote If it s better next time I ll leave it in the bottom corner When we lost Ozone we lost a fearless graffiti writer and as it turns out a pretty perceptive art critic Ozone rest in peace 69 On 27 April 2007 a new record high for the sale of Banksy s work was set with the auction of the work Space Girl and Bird fetching 288 000 US 576 000 around 20 times the estimate at Bonhams of London 70 On 21 May 2007 Banksy gained the award for Art s Greatest living Briton Banksy as expected did not turn up to collect his award and continued with his anonymous status On 4 June 2007 it was reported that Banksy s The Drinker had been stolen 71 72 In October 2007 most of his works offered for sale at Bonhams auction house in London sold for more than twice their reserve price 73 Banksy has published a manifesto on his website 74 The text of the manifesto is credited as the diary entry of British Lieutenant Colonel Mervin Willett Gonin DSO which is exhibited in the Imperial War Museum It describes how a shipment of lipstick to the Bergen Belsen concentration camp immediately after its liberation at the end of World War II helped the internees regain their humanity However as of 18 January 2008 Banksy s Manifesto has been replaced with Graffiti Heroes No 03 which describes Peter Chappell s graffiti quest of the 1970s that worked to free George Davis from imprisonment 74 By 12 August 2009 he was relying on Emo Philips When I was a kid I used to pray every night for a new bicycle Then I realised God doesn t work that way so I stole one and prayed for forgiveness A small number of Banksy s works can be seen in the movie Children of Men including a stenciled image of two policemen kissing and another stencil of a child looking down a shop 75 Banksy who is not represented by any of the commercial galleries that sell his work second hand including Lazarides Ltd Andipa Gallery Bank Robber Dreweatts etc 76 claims that the exhibition at Vanina Holasek Gallery in New York City his first major exhibition in that city is unauthorised The exhibition featured 62 of their paintings and prints 77 Banksy Swinger in New Orleans 2008 In March Nathan Wellard and Maev Neal a couple from Norfolk UK made headlines in Britain when they decided to sell their mobile home that contains a 30 foot mural entitled Fragile Silence done by Banksy a decade prior to his rise to fame 78 According to Nathan Wellard Banksy had asked the couple if he could use the side of their home as a large canvas to which they agreed In return for the canvas the Bristol stencil artist gave them two free tickets to the Glastonbury Festival The mobile home purchased by the couple 11 years earlier for 1 000 was priced at 500 000 79 Also in March 2008 a stencilled graffiti work appeared on Thames Water tower in the middle of the Holland Park roundabout and it was widely attributed to Banksy It was of a child painting the tag Take this Society in bright orange London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham spokesman Councillor Greg Smith branded the art as vandalism and ordered its immediate removal which was carried out by H amp F council workmen within three days 80 In late August 2008 marking the third anniversary of Hurricane Katrina and the associated levee failure disaster Banksy produced a series of works in New Orleans Louisiana mostly on buildings derelict since the disaster 81 Work on building in the Lower 9th Ward of New Orleans August 2008 A stencil painting attributed to Banksy appeared at a vacant petrol station in the Ensley neighbourhood of Birmingham Alabama on 29 August as Hurricane Gustav approached the New Orleans area The painting depicting a hooded member of the Ku Klux Klan hanging from a noose was quickly covered with black spray paint and later removed altogether 82 His first official exhibition in New York City The Village Pet Store and Charcoal Grill opened 5 October 2008 The animatronic pets in the store window include a mother hen watching over her baby Chicken McNuggets as they peck at a barbecue sauce packet and a rabbit putting makeup on in a mirror 83 The Westminster City Council stated in October 2008 that the work One Nation Under CCTV painted in April 2008 would be painted over as it was graffiti The council said it would remove any graffiti regardless of the reputation of its creator and specifically stated that Banksy has no more right to paint graffiti than a child Robert Davis the chairman of the council planning committee told The Times newspaper If we condone this then we might as well say that any kid with a spray can is producing art 84 The work was painted over in April 2009 In December 2008 The Little Diver a Banksy image of a diver in a duffle coat in Melbourne Australia was destroyed The image had been protected by a sheet of clear perspex however silver paint was poured behind the protective sheet and later tagged with the words Banksy woz ere The image was almost completely obliterated 85 The Cans Festival 2008 In London over the weekend 3 5 May 2008 Banksy hosted an exhibition called The Cans Festival It was situated on Leake Street a road tunnel formerly used by Eurostar underneath London Waterloo station Graffiti artists with stencils were invited to join in and paint their own artwork as long as it did not cover anyone else s 86 Banksy invited artists from around the world to exhibit their works 87 2009 The location of the damaged 1985 graffiti by Robbo in Camden London allegedly painted over by Banksy and subsequently painted over by Robbo in retaliation In May 2009 Banksy parted company with agent Steve Lazarides and announced that Pest Control 88 the handling service who act on his behalf would be the only point of sale for new works On 13 June 2009 the Banksy vs Bristol Museum show opened at Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery featuring more than 100 works of art including animatronics and installations it is his largest exhibition yet featuring 78 new works 89 90 Reaction to the show was positive with over 8 500 visitors to the show on the first weekend 91 Over the course of the twelve weeks the exhibition was visited over 300 000 times 92 In September 2009 a Banksy work parodying the Royal Family was partially destroyed by Hackney Council after they served an enforcement notice for graffiti removal to the former address of the property owner The mural had been commissioned for the 2003 Blur single Crazy Beat and the property owner who had allowed it to be painted was reported to have been in tears when she saw it was being painted over 93 In December 2009 Banksy marked the end of the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference by painting four murals on global warming One included the phrase I don t believe in global warming the words were submerged in water 94 A feud and graffiti war between Banksy and King Robbo broke out when Banksy allegedly painted over one of Robbo s tags The feud has led to many of Banksy s works being altered by graffiti writers 95 Exit Through the Gift Shop and United States 2010 The world premiere of the film Exit Through the Gift Shop occurred at the Sundance Film Festival in Park City Utah on 24 January He created 10 street artworks around Park City and Salt Lake City to tie in with the screening 96 In February The Whitehouse public house in Liverpool England was sold for 114 000 at auction The side of the building has an image of a giant rat by Banksy 97 In March 2010 a modified version of the work Forgive Us Our Trespassing a kneeling boy with a spray painted halo was displayed at London Bridge Station on a poster This version of the work did not possess the halo due to its stylistic nature and the prevalence of graffiti in the underground 98 After a few days the halo was repainted by a graffitist so Transport for London disposed of the poster 98 99 Banksy paints over the line between aesthetics and language then stealthily repaints it in the unlikeliest of places His works whether he stencils them on the streets sells them in exhibitions or hangs them in museums on the sly are filled with wit and metaphors that transcend language barriers Shepard Fairey in Time magazine on Banksy s entry in the Time 100 list April 2010 100 In April to coincide with the premiere of Exit Through the Gift Shop in San Francisco five of his works appeared in various parts of the city 101 Banksy reportedly paid a San Francisco Chinatown building owner 50 for the use of their wall for one of his stencils 102 In May 2010 seven new Banksy works of art appeared in Toronto Canada 103 though most have been subsequently painted over or removed In May to coincide with the premiere of Exit Through the Gift Shop in Royal Oak Banksy visited the Detroit area and left his mark in several places in Detroit and Warren 104 Shortly after his work depicting a little boy holding a can of red paint next to the words I remember when all this was trees was excavated by the 555 Nonprofit Gallery and Studios They claim that they do not intend to sell the work but plan to preserve it and display it at their Detroit gallery 105 There was also an attempted removal of one of the Warren works known as Diamond Girl 106 While in the United States Banksy also completed a painting in Chinatown Boston known as Follow Your Dreams 107 In late January 2011 Exit Through the Gift Shop was nominated for a 2010 Oscar for Best Documentary Feature 108 Banksy released a statement about the nomination stating This is a big surprise I don t agree with the concept of award ceremonies but I m prepared to make an exception for the ones I m nominated for The last time there was a naked man covered in gold paint in my house it was me 109 Leading up to the Oscars Banksy blanketed Los Angeles with street art Many people speculated if Banksy would show up at the Oscars in disguise and make a surprise appearance if he won the Oscar Exit Through the Gift Shop did not win the award which went to Inside Job In early March 2011 Banksy responded to the Oscars with an artwork in Weston super Mare UK of a little girl holding the Oscar and pouting Many people think that it is about 15 month old Lara who dropped and damaged her father s The King s Speech co producer Simon Egan Oscar statue 110 Exit Through the Gift Shop was broadcast on British public television station Channel 4 on 13 August 2011 Banksy was credited with the opening couch gag for the 2010 The Simpsons episode MoneyBart depicting people working in deplorable conditions and using endangered or mythical animals to make both the episodes cel by cel and the merchandise connected with the program 111 His name appears several times throughout the episode s opening sequence spray painted on assorted walls and signs Fox sanitised parts of the opening for taste and to make it less grim In January 2011 Banksy published the original storyboard on its website 112 According to Banksy the storyboard led to delays disputes over broadcast standards and a threatened walkout by the animation department Executive director Al Jean jokingly said This is what you get when you outsource 111 2011 In May 2011 Banksy released a lithographic print which showed a smoking petrol bomb contained in a Tesco Value bottle This followed a long running campaign by locals against the opening of a Tesco Express supermarket in Banksy s home city of Bristol Violent clashes had taken place between police and demonstrators in the Stokes Croft area Banksy produced the poster ostensibly to raise money for local groups in the Stokes Croft area and to raise money for the legal defence of those arrested during the riots The posters were sold exclusively at the Bristol Anarchists Bookfair in Stokes Croft for 5 each In December he unveiled Cardinal Sin at the Walker Art Gallery Liverpool The bust which replaces a priest s face with a pixelated effect was a statement on the child abuse scandal in the Catholic Church 113 2012 In May his Parachuting Rat painted in Melbourne in the late 1990s was accidentally destroyed by plumbers installing new pipes 114 In July prior to the 2012 Olympic Games Banksy posted photographs of paintings with an Olympic theme on his website but did not disclose their location 115 116 2013 On 18 February BBC News reported that a recent Banksy mural known as the Slave Labour mural portraying a young child sewing Union Flag bunting created around the time of the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II had been removed from the side of a Poundland store in Wood Green north London and soon appeared for sale in Fine Art Auctions Miami s catalogue a US auction site based in Florida News of this had reportedly caused lots of anger in the local community and is considered by some to be a theft Fine Art Auctions Miami had rejected claims of theft saying it had signed a contract with a well known collector and that everything was above board despite this the local Councillor for Wood Green campaigned for the work s return 117 On the scheduled day of the auction Fine Art Auctions Miami announced that it had withdrawn the work of art from the sale 118 On 11 May BBC News reported that the same Banksy mural was up for auction again in Covent Garden by the Sincura Group The auction was scheduled to take place in June and was expected to fetch up to 450 000 119 On 24 September after over a year since his previous piece a new mural went up on his website along with the subtitle Better Out Than In Better Out Than In 2013 Main article Better Out Than In On 1 October 2013 Banksy began a one month show on the streets of New York City for which he opened a separate website 120 and granted an interview to The Village Voice via his publicist 121 A pop up boutique of about 25 spray art canvases appeared on Fifth Avenue near Central Park on 12 October Tourists were able to buy Banksy art for just 60 each In a note posted to his website the artist wrote Please note this was a one off The stall will not be there again The BBC estimated that the street stall art pieces could be worth as much as 31 000 The booth was manned by an unknown elderly man who went about four hours before making a sale yawning and eating lunch as people strolled by without a second glance at the work Banksy chronicled the surprise sale in a video posted to his website noting Yesterday I set up a stall in the park selling 100 authentic original signed Banksy canvases For 60 each 122 123 124 Two of the canvasses sold at a July 2014 auction for 214 000 125 Asked about the artist s presence in New York then New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg who had led a citywide graffiti cleanup operation in 2002 said he didn t consider graffiti a form of art 126 One creation was a fiberglass sculpture of Ronald McDonald and a real person barefoot and in ragged clothes shining the oversized shoes of Ronald McDonald The sculpture was unveiled in Queens but moved outside a different McDonald s around the city every day 127 128 129 Other works included a YouTube video showing what appears to be footage of jihadist militants shooting down an animated Dumbo travelling installations that toured the city including a slaughterhouse delivery truck full of stuffed animals and a waterfall and a modified painting donated to a charity shop which was later sold in an online auction for 615 000 130 131 Banksy also posted a mock up of a New York Times op ed attacking the design of the One World Trade Center after the Times rejected his submission 132 The residency in New York concluded on 31 October 2013 130 133 many of the pieces though were either vandalised removed or stolen 134 2015 Banksy in Gaza clip In February 2015 Banksy published a 2 minute video titled Make this the year YOU discover a new destination about his trip to Gaza Strip During the visit he painted a few artworks including a kitten on the remains of a house destroyed by an Israeli air strike I wanted to highlight the destruction in Gaza by posting photos on my website but on the internet people only look at pictures of kittens and a swing hanging off a watchtower In a statement to The New York Times his publicist said I don t want to take sides But when you see entire suburban neighbourhoods reduced to rubble with no hope of a future what you re really looking at is a vast outdoor recruitment centre for terrorists And we should probably address this for all our sakes 135 Dismaland 2015 a bemusement park in Weston super Mare Dismaland Main article Dismaland Banksy opened Dismaland a large scale group show modelled on Disneyland on 21 August 2015 It lampooned the many disappointing temporary themed attractions in the UK at the time Dismaland permanently closed on 27 September 2015 The theme park was located in Weston super Mare United Kingdom 136 137 According to the Dismaland website artists represented on the show include Damien Hirst and Jenny Holzer 138 The Son of a Migrant from Syria Main article The Son of a Migrant from Syria In December 2015 Banksy created several murals in the vicinity of Calais France including the so called Jungle where migrants then lived as they attempted to enter the United Kingdom One of the pieces The Son of a Migrant from Syria depicts Steve Jobs as a migrant 139 2017 Walled Off Hotel Main article The Walled Off Hotel In 2017 marking the 100th anniversary of the British control of Palestine Banksy financed the creation of the Walled Off Hotel in Bethlehem This hotel is open to the public and contains rooms designed by Banksy Sami Musa and Dominique Petrin and each of the bedrooms face the wall It also houses a contemporary art gallery 140 2018 Return to New York 2018 saw Banksy return to New York five years after his Better Out Than In residency A trademark rat running around the circumference of a clock face dubbed Rat race was torn down by developers within a week of it appearing on a former bank building at 101 West 14th Street 141 but other works including a mural of imprisoned Kurdish artist Zehra Dogan on the famed Bowery Wall and a series of others across Brooklyn remain on display 142 Balloon Girl Shredding Main article Love is in the Bin In October 2018 one of Banksy s works Balloon Girl was sold in an auction at Sotheby s in London for 1 04m However shortly after the gavel dropped and it was sold an alarm sounded inside of the picture frame and the canvas passed through a shredder hidden within the frame partially shredding the picture 143 Banksy then posted an image of the shredding on Instagram captioned Going going gone 144 After the sale the auction house acknowledged that the self destruction of the work was a prank by the artist 145 The prank received wide news coverage around the world with one newspaper stating that it was quite possibly the biggest prank in art history 143 Joey Syer co founder of an online platform facilitating art dealer sales 146 told the Evening Standard The auction result will only propel this further and given the media attention this stunt has received the lucky buyer would see a great return on the 1 02M they paid last night this is now part of art history in its shredded state and we d estimate Banksy has added at a minimum 50 to its value possibly as high as being worth 2m 147 A man seen filming the shredding of the picture during its auction has been suggested to be Banksy 148 149 Banksy has since released a video on how the shredder was installed into the frame and the shredding of the picture explaining that he had surreptitiously fitted the painting with the shredder a few years previously in case it ever went up for auction To explain his rationale for destroying his own artwork Banksy quoted Picasso The urge to destroy is also a creative urge 150 151 Although Banksy cited Picasso this quote is usually attributed to Mikhail Bakunin 152 It is not known how the shredder was activated 153 Banksy has released another video indicating that the painting was intended to be shredded completely The video shows a sample painting completely shredded by the frame and says In rehearsals it worked every time 154 The woman who won the bidding at the auction decided to go through with the purchase The partially shredded work has been given a new title Love is in the Bin and it was authenticated by Banksy s authentication body Pest Control Sotheby released a statement that said Banksy didn t destroy an artwork in the auction he created one and called it the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction 155 156 On 14 October 2021 the half shredded painting was reported to have been sold for 25 4 million 157 Season s Greetings Season s Greetings was created by Banksy in Port Talbot Wales in December 2018 and was quickly provided with a temporary protective covering to prevent vandalism A two sided graffiti piece one side depicting a child tasting the falling snow the other revealing that the snow is in fact smoke and embers from a dumpster fire appeared on two walls of a steelworker s garage in Port Talbot in December 158 159 Banksy then revealed that the painting was in fact his via an Instagram video soundtracked by the festive children s song Little Snowflake 160 Many fans of the artist went to see the painting and Plaid Cymru councillor for Aberavon Nigel Thomas Hunt stated that the town was buzzing with speculation that the work was Banksy s The owner of the garage Ian Lewis said that he had lost sleep over fears that the image would be vandalised 161 A plastic screen partially funded by Michael Sheen was installed to protect the mural but was attacked by a drunk halfwit 162 Extra security guards were subsequently drafted to protect the graffiti piece 163 In May 2019 the mural was moved to a gallery in the town s Ty r Orsaf building 164 2019 Trademark dispute In early October 2019 Banksy opened a pop up shop named Gross Domestic Product in Croydon South London to strengthen his position in a trademark dispute with a greetings cards company who had challenged his trademark on the grounds that he was not using it In a statement Banksy said A greetings cards company is contesting the trademark I hold to my art and attempting to take custody of my name so they can sell their fake Banksy merchandise legally 165 Mark Stephens arts lawyer and founder of the Design and Artists Copyright Society called the case a ludicrous litigation and is providing the artist legal advice Stephens recommended opening the shop to Banksy on the grounds that it would show he is making use of his trademark saying Because Banksy doesn t produce his own range of shoddy merchandise and the law is quite clear if the trademark holder is not using the mark then it can be transferred to someone who will 166 On 4 October 2019 greetings cards distributor Full Colour Black publicly revealed itself as the company involved in the trademark dispute whilst rejecting Banksy s claims as entirely untrue The company claimed it had contacted Banksy s lawyers several times to offer to pay royalties 167 On 14 September 2020 the European Union Intellectual Property Office ruled in favour of Full Colour Black in the trademark dispute over Banksy s infamous Flower Thrower 168 The European panel judges in Full Colour Black Ltd v Pest Control Office Ltd 2020 E T M R 58 decided that Banksy s trademark was invalid as it had been filed in Bad Faith according to Regulation 2017 1001 art 59 1 b 169 The judges were not convinced that the opening of the artist s pop up shop demonstrated a real intention to legitimise the trademark condemning it as inconsistent with the honest practices of the trade at 1141 The artist s choice to be represented anonymously was not received well by the court either noting that even if they found in favour of Banksy legal rights could not be attributed to an unidentifiable person 1151 However counsel for the defence strongly argued that to reveal his identity would diminish the persona of the artist at 1135 Although not binding the judges also referenced Banksy s previously critical statements about copyright which contributed to the lack of sympathy for the artist s case at 1144 Record sale for Devolved Parliament Main article Devolved Parliament Banksy In October 2019 Devolved Parliament a 2009 painting by Banksy showing Members of Parliament depicted as chimpanzees in the House of Commons sold at Sotheby s in London for just under 9 9 million On Instagram the artist said it was a record price for a Banksy painting and shame I didn t still own it 170 At 13 feet 4 0 m wide it is Banksy s biggest known work on canvas The auction house stated Regardless of where you sit in the Brexit debate there s no doubt that this work is more pertinent now than it has ever been 170 2020 Valentine s Day On 13 February 2020 the Valentine s Banksy mural appeared on the side of a building in Bristol s Barton Hill neighbourhood depicting a young girl firing a slingshot of real red flowers and leaves 171 In the early hours of Valentine s Day 14 February Banksy confirmed this was his work on his Instagram account and website 172 The painting was defaced just days after appearing 173 Painting for Saints Banksy dedicated a painting titled Painting for Saints or Game Changer to NHS staff and donated it to the University Hospital of Southampton during the global coronavirus pandemic in May 2020 174 The painting was sold for 14 4m 16 8m including buyer premium on 23 March 2021 which is a record for an artwork by Banksy The proceeds from the sale would benefit a number of NHS related organisations and charities 175 2021 Escaping prisoner in Reading In March 2021 the image of an escaping prisoner appeared overnight on the side of Reading Prison 176 Two days later Banksy claimed the artwork The former jail s next use had been disputed locally some wanting it to be used as an arts hub while developers proposed it could be sold to a housing developer 177 The escaping prisoner was said to resemble Oscar Wilde who had been imprisoned in Reading Prison with the rope as tied together bedsheets with a typewriter attached to the end 177 A Great British Spraycation Main article A Great British Spraycation In August 2021 several Banksy artworks collectively titled A Great British Spraycation appeared in several East Anglian towns 178 179 The Outlaws Banksy created an original artwork for the 2021 BBC One Amazon Prime Video comedy The Outlaws The image of a stencilled rat sitting on two spray cans signed by Banksy featured in the sixth episode of the first series and was painted over by the character Frank played by Christopher Walken while he was cleaning a graffiti covered wall as part of his Community Payback sentence 180 2022 Maidan Nezalezhnosti Independence Square Kyiv A mural on the wall of a bombed building in Irpin Ukraine In November 2022 Banksy posted on social media images of a mural on the side of a damaged building at the town of Borodianka appearing to confirm a visit to Ukraine following the Russian invasion 181 He also created six murals in Kyiv Irpin Hostomel and Horenka 182 183 Other notable artworksBanksy has claimed responsibility for a number of high profile artworks including the following At London Zoo he climbed into the penguin enclosure and painted We re bored of fish in 7 foot high 2 1 m letters 184 At London Zoo he left the message I want out This place is too cold Keeper smells Boring boring boring in the elephant enclosure 185 In 2004 he placed the piece Banksus Militus Ratus into London s Natural History Museum 186 In March 2005 he placed subverted artworks in the Museum of Modern Art Metropolitan Museum of Art and American Museum of Natural History in Manhattan as well as the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn 187 In May 2005 Banksy s version of a primitive cave painting depicting a human figure hunting wildlife while pushing a shopping trolley was hung in gallery 49 of the British Museum London 188 In August 2005 Banksy painted nine images on the Israeli West Bank barrier including an image of a ladder going up and over the wall and an image of children digging a hole through the wall 55 189 190 In October 2005 Banksy designed six station IDs for Nickelodeon 191 In April 2006 Banksy created a sculpture based on a crumpled red phone box with a pickaxe in its side apparently bleeding and placed it in a side street in Soho London It was later removed by Westminster Council 192 In June 2006 Banksy created Well Hung Lover an image of a naked man hanging out of a bedroom window on a wall visible from Park Street in central Bristol The image sparked a heated debate 193 with the Bristol City Council leaving it up to the public to decide whether it should stay or go 194 After an internet discussion in which 97 of the 500 people surveyed supported the stencil the city council decided it would be left on the building 193 The mural was later defaced with blue paint 195 In August September 2006 Banksy placed up to 500 copies of Paris Hilton s debut CD Paris in 48 different UK record stores with his own cover art and remixes by Danger Mouse Music tracks were given titles such as Why Am I Famous What Have I Done and What Am I For Several copies of the CD were purchased by the public before stores were able to remove them some going on to be sold for as much as 750 on online auction websites such as eBay The cover art depicted Hilton digitally altered to appear topless Other pictures feature her with her chihuahua Tinkerbell s head replacing her own and one of her stepping out of a luxury car edited to include a group of homeless people which included the caption 90 of success is just showing up 196 197 198 In September 2006 Banksy dressed an inflatable doll in the manner of a Guantanamo Bay detainment camp prisoner orange jumpsuit black hood and handcuffs and then placed the figure within the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad ride at the Disneyland theme park in Anaheim California 199 200 He makes stickers the Neighbourhood Watch subvert and was responsible for the cover art of Blur s 2003 album Think Tank In September 2007 Banksy covered a wall in Portobello Road with a French artist painting graffiti of Banksy s name 201 A guard police officer with a balloon animal was painted in the Canadian city of Toronto in 2010 and has since been removed from its original location and preserved 202 In July 2012 in the run up to the London 2012 Olympic games he created several pieces based upon this event One included an image of an athlete throwing a missile instead of a javelin evidently taking a poke at the surface to air missile sites positioned in the Stratford area to defend the games 203 204 In April 2014 he created a piece in Cheltenham near the Government Communications Headquarters GCHQ headquarters which depicts three men wearing sunglasses and using listening devices to snoop on a telephone box evidently criticising the recent Global surveillance disclosures of 2013 This was only confirmed by Banksy as his work later in June 2014 205 This piece disappeared on 20 August 2016 during renovations to the building it was on and may have been destroyed 206 In June 2016 a 14 ft painting of a child with a stick chasing a burning tyre was found in the Bridge Farm Primary School in Bristol with a letter from Banksy thanking the school for naming one of its houses after him BBC News reported that a spokesman for Banksy confirmed that the artwork was genuine In the letter Banksy wrote that if the members of the school did not like the painting they should add their own elements 207 208 In May 2017 Banksy claimed the authorship of a giant Brexit mural painted on a house in Dover Kent 209 Banksy s Dream Boat originally made for the Dismaland exhibition was donated to the NGO Help Refugees now called Choose Love to help raise funds for the charity The artwork was displayed in Help Refugees London Choose Love pop up shop in the run up to Christmas 2018 and members of the public could pay 2 00 to enter a competition to guess the weight of the piece The person with the closest guess would win Dream Boat 210 The guess the weight competition was seen as deliberately school fair in style 211 Near Bethlehem 2005 The Grin Reaper The Girl with the Pierced EardrumDamaged artwork Main article Works by Banksy that have been damaged or destroyed Many artworks by Banksy have been vandalised painted over or destroyed In 2008 in Melbourne paint was poured over a stencil of an old fashioned diver wearing a trench coat 212 In April 2010 the Melbourne City Council reported that they had inadvertently ordered private contractors to paint over a rat descending in a parachute adorning the wall of an old council building behind the Forum Theatre Many works that make up the Better Out Than In series in New York City have been defaced some just hours after the piece was unveiled 213 214 At least one defacement was identified as done by a competing artist OMAR NYC who spray painted over Banksy s red mylar balloon piece in Red Hook 215 OMAR NYC also defaced some of Banksy s work in May 2010 216 217 Technique ATM attacking a girl Rosebery Avenue London January 2008 Because of the secretive nature of Banksy s work and identity it is uncertain what techniques he uses to generate the images in the stencils though it is assumed he uses computers for some images due to the photographic quality of much of his work He mentions in his book Wall and Piece that as he was starting to do graffiti he was always either caught or could never finish the art in one sitting He claims he changed to stencilling while hiding from the police under a rubbish lorry when he noticed the stencilled serial number He then devised a series of intricate stencils to minimise time and overlapping of the colour There exists a debate about the influence behind his work Some critics claim Banksy was influenced by musician and graffiti artist 3D Another source credits the artist s work to resemble that of French graffiti artist Blek le Rat It is said that Banksy was inspired by their use of stencils later taking this visual style and transforming it through modern political and social pieces 218 Banksy s stencils feature striking and humorous images occasionally combined with slogans The message is usually anti war anti capitalist or anti establishment Subjects often include rats apes policemen soldiers children and the elderly In the broader art world stencils are traditionally hand drawn or printed onto sheets of acetate or card before being cut out by hand This technique allows artists to paint quickly to protect their anonymity There is dispute in the street art world over the legitimacy of stencils with many artists criticising their use as cheating In 2018 Banksy created a piece live as it was being auctioned The piece titled Love is in the Bin was originally the painting Girl with Balloon before it was shredded at Sotheby s While the bidding was going on a shredder was activated from within the frame and the piece was partially shredded thus creating a new piece Political and social themes Shop Until You Drop in Mayfair London Banksy has said We can t do anything to change the world until capitalism crumbles In the meantime we should all go shopping to console ourselves 219 Banksy once characterised graffiti as a form of underclass revenge or guerrilla warfare that allows an individual to snatch away power territory and glory from a bigger and better equipped enemy 56 Banksy sees a social class component to this struggle remarking If you don t own a train company then you go and paint on one instead 56 Banksy s work has also shown a desire to mock centralised power hoping that their work will show the public that although power does exist and works against you that power is not terribly efficient and it can and should be deceived 56 Banksy s works have dealt with various political and social themes including anti war anti consumerism anti fascism anti imperialism anti authoritarianism anarchism nihilism and existentialism Additionally the components of the human condition that his works commonly critique are greed poverty hypocrisy boredom despair absurdity and alienation 220 Although Banksy s works usually rely on visual imagery and iconography to put forth their message Banksy has made several politically related comments in various books In summarising his list of people who should be shot he listed Fascist thugs religious fundamentalists and people who write lists telling you who should be shot 221 While facetiously describing his political nature Banksy declared that Sometimes I feel so sick at the state of the world I can t even finish my second apple pie 222 Banksy s work has also critiqued the environmental impacts of big businesses When speaking about his 2005 work Show me the Monet Banksy explained The vandalised paintings reflect life as it is now We don t live in a world like Constable s Haywain anymore and if you do there is probably a travellers camp on the other side of the hill The real damage done to our environment is not done by graffiti writers and drunken teenagers but by big business exactly the people who put gold framed pictures of landscapes on their walls and try to tell the rest of us how to behave 223 Show me the Monet repurposes Claude Monet s Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies with the inclusion of two shopping carts and an orange traffic cone This painting was later sold for 7 5 million at Sotheby s Contemporary Evening Auction in 2020 223 During the 2017 United Kingdom general election Banksy offered voters a free print if they cast a ballot against the Conservative candidates standing in the Bristol North West Bristol West North Somerset Thornbury Kingswood and Filton constituencies 224 According to a note posted on Banksy s website an emailed photo of a completed ballot paper showing it marked for a candidate other than the Conservative candidate would result in the voter being mailed a limited edition piece of Banksy art On 5 June 2017 the Avon and Somerset Constabulary announced it had opened an investigation into Banksy for the suspected corrupt practice of bribery 225 and the following day Banksy withdrew the offer stating I have been warned by the Electoral Commission that the free print offer will invalidate the election result So I regret to announce that this ill conceived and legally dubious promotion has now been cancelled 226 During the COVID 19 pandemic Banksy referenced medical advice to self isolate by creating an artwork in his bathroom 227 Philanthropy and activismBanksy has donated a number of works to promote various causes such as Civilian Drone Strike which was sold in 2017 at 205 000 to raise funds for Campaign Against Arms Trade and Reprieve It was part of the exhibition Art the Arms Fair set up in opposition to the DSEI arms fair 228 In 2018 a sculpture titled Dream Boat which was exhibited in Dismaland in 2015 was raffled off in aid of the NGO Help Refugees now called Choose Love for a minimum donation of 2 for every guesses of its weight in a pop up Choose Love shop in Carnaby Street 229 In 2002 he produced artwork for the Greenpeace campaign Save or Delete He also provided works to support local causes in 2013 a work titled The Banality of the Banality of Evil was sold for an undisclosed amount after a failed auction to support an anti homelessness charity in New York 230 In 2014 an artwork on a doorway titled Mobile Lovers was sold 403 000 to keep a youth club in Bristol open 231 232 and he created merchandise for homeless charities in Bristol in 2019 233 Banksy has been producing a number of works and projects in support of the Palestinians since the mid 2000s including The Walled Off Hotel in Bethlehem 234 235 236 237 In July 2020 Banksy sold three paintings forming a triptych titled Mediterranean Sea View 2017 which raised 2 2 million for a hospital in Bethlehem The paintings were original created for The Walled Off Hotel and are Romantic era paintings of the seashore that have been modified with images of lifebuoys and orange life jackets washed up on the shore a reference to the European migrant crisis 238 Banksy gifted a painting titled Game Changer to a hospital in May 2020 as a tribute to National Health Service workers during the COVID 19 pandemic 239 It was later sold for 14 4m in March 2021 to benefit a number of NHS related organisations and charities 175 In August 2020 it was revealed that Banksy had privately funded a rescue boat to save refugees at risk in the Mediterranean Sea The former French Navy boat renamed after Louise Michel has been painted pink with an image of a young girl holding a heart shaped safety float 240 CriticismPeter Gibson a spokesman for Keep Britain Tidy asserts that Banksy s work is simple vandalism 241 Another official for the same organisation stated We are concerned that Banksy s street art glorifies what is essentially vandalism 65 Banksy has also been long criticised for copying the work of Blek le Rat who created the life sized stencil technique in early 1980s Paris and used it to express a similar combination of political commentary and humorous imagery 242 Blek has praised Banksy for his contribution to urban art 242 but said in an interview for the documentary Graffiti Wars that some of Banksy s more derivative work makes him angry saying that It s difficult to find a technique and style in art so when you have a style and you see someone else is taking it and reproducing it you don t like that 243 Some have criticised the obviousness of Banksy s work and accused it of being anarchy lite geared towards a middle class hipster audience Much of this criticism came forward during his series of works in New York in 2013 Many New York street artists such as TrustoCorp criticised Banksy and much of his work was defaced 244 245 In his column for The Guardian satirist Charlie Brooker wrote that Banksy s work looks dazzlingly clever to idiots 246 Banksy was accused of being inconsistent with honest practices when trying to trademark his image of a protester throwing a bouquet of flowers The European Union trademark office threw out his trademark claim saying he had filed it in order to avoid using copyright laws which are separate and would have required him to reveal his true identity The ruling quoted from one of his books in which he said copyright is for losers 247 BooksBanksy has published several books that contain photographs of his work accompanied by his own writings Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall 2001 ISBN 978 0 9541704 0 0 Existencilism 2002 ISBN 978 0 9541704 1 7 Cut It Out 2004 ISBN 978 0 9544960 0 5 Pictures of Walls 2005 ISBN 978 0 9551946 0 3 Wall and Piece 2007 ISBN 978 1 84413 786 2Banging Your Head Against a Brick Wall Existencilism and Cut It Out were a three part self published series of small booklets 248 Pictures of Walls is a compilation book of pictures of the work of other graffiti artists curated and self published by Banksy None of them are still in print or were ever printed in any significant number 249 Banksy s Wall and Piece compiled large parts of the images and writings in their original three book series with heavy editing and some new material 250 It was intended for mass print and published by Random House 250 The writings in their original three books had numerous grammatical errors and his writings in them often took a dark and angry and a self described paranoid tone 251 252 253 While the content in them was almost entirely kept in Wall and Piece the stories were edited and generally took a less provocative tone and the grammatical errors were resolved presumably to make it suitable for mass market distribution 250 See also Biography portal Visual arts portalList of urban artists Street installation BrandalismReferences Banksy Unveils Valentine s Day Mural in His Hometown of Bristol Observer 14 February 2020 Holzwarth Hans W 2009 100 Contemporary Artists A Z Taschen s 25th anniversary special ed Koln Taschen p 40 ISBN 978 3 8365 1490 3 The Banksy Paradox 7 Sides to the World s Most Infamous Street Artist 19 July 2007 Baker Lindsay 28 March 2008 Banksy off the wall The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 13 April 2009 Retrieved 24 June 2009 Frequently Asked Questions Archived from the original on 3 January 2012 Retrieved 3 August 2013 Banksy fans fail to bite at street art auction meeja com au 30 September 2008 Archived from the original on 16 October 2008 Retrieved 30 September 2008 Banksy Temporary by Design Expose Expose 30 November 2018 Retrieved 20 January 2022 Loney Abrams How Does Banksy Make Money Or A Quick Lesson in Art Market Economics Artspace 30 March 2018 Banksy film to debut at Sundance BBC News 21 January 2010 Retrieved 12 April 2010 Banksy s Exit Through the Gift Shop up for Oscar award BBC Bristol 25 January 2011 Archived from the original on 21 April 2017 Retrieved 8 May 2017 2014 Webby Awards Person of the Year Webbyawards com Archived from the original on 31 May 2014 Retrieved 30 May 2014 Hattenstone Simon 17 July 2003 Something to spray The Guardian UK Retrieved 29 January 2018 a b Hines Nico 11 March 2016 The Secret Life of the Real Banksy Robin Gunningham The Daily Beast Retrieved 24 July 2018 The Daily Telegraph Property section London 7 July 2018 p 5 Banksy Map profiling backs theory that graffiti artist is Robin Gunningham ABC News Australia 7 March 2016 Retrieved 24 July 2018 Banksy The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Columbia University Press via The Free Dictionary Great Britain Southwest England PDF 10th ed Lonely Planet 2013 p 282 Archived from the original PDF on 29 January 2014 Adams Tim 14 June 2009 Banksy The graffitist goes straight The Observer London Sherwin Adam 3 March 2016 Banksy Geographic profiling proves artist really is Robin Gunningham according to scientists Independent Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 4 March 2016 Hauge Michelle V Stevenson Mark D Rossmo D Kim Le Comber Steven 3 March 2016 Tagging Banksy using geographic profiling to investigate a modern art mystery Journal of Spatial Science 61 185 190 doi 10 1080 14498596 2016 1138246 S2CID 130859901 Banksy may abandon commercial art Archived 3 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine BBC Retrieved 20 May 2015 Banksy the artist who s driven to the wall Archived 26 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian Retrieved 20 May 2015 Gillespie James 5 August 2018 Signed Banksy album artworks go up for sale The Sunday Times Retrieved 2 March 2021 Did Goldie just reveal who Banksy is BBC News 23 June 2017 Retrieved 24 July 2018 Hinton Patrick 2 September 2016 Is Banksy actually a member of Massive Attack The Daily Dot Archived from the original on 3 September 2016 Retrieved 4 September 2016 Jenkins Nash Is Banksy Actually Massive Attack s Robert Del Naja Time Archived from the original on 4 September 2016 Retrieved 4 September 2016 Jaworski Michael 2 September 2016 Is Banksy actually a member of Massive Attack The Daily Dot Archived from the original on 3 September 2016 Retrieved 4 September 2016 Neil Buchanan Former Art Attack host denies Banksy rumours BBC News 7 September 2020 Retrieved 8 September 2020 Mr Banksy I presume the councillor who quit over claims he has a secret the Guardian 27 May 2022 Retrieved 27 May 2022 Alexander Ella 20 October 2014 Banksy not arrested Internet duped by fake report claiming artist s identity revealed The Independent London Retrieved 1 May 2020 Wright Steve Jones Richard Wyatt Trevor 28 November 2007 Banksy s Bristol Home Sweet Home Bath Tangent Books p 32 ISBN 978 1 906477 00 4 N Igma fanzine showing examples of DBZ Graffiti tagged by Banksy Kato and Tes April 1999 Archived from the original on 3 April 2007 Street art show comes to Bristol BBC News 9 February 2009 Archived from the original on 28 September 2013 Retrieved 31 August 2011 Street art erupted in the UK in the early 1980s active on the Bristol scene at that time included Banksy Nick Walker Inkie and Robert del Naja or 3D of Massive Attack Reid Julia 6 February 2008 Banksy Hits Out at Street Art Auctions London Sky News Archived from the original on 17 November 2011 Retrieved 31 August 2011 Along with Banksy Bristol s graffiti heritage includes 3D who went on to form Massive Attack Inkie and one of the original stencil artists Nick Walker Child Andrew 28 January 2011 Urban Renewal Steve Lazarides continues to expand his street art empire Financial Times London Archived from the original on 28 March 2014 Retrieved 4 November 2013 He had discovered Banksy on a chance photo shoot in Bristol in 2001 while working as picture editor of Sleaze Nation magazine and brought him to public attention along with a roster of other urban artists Lazarides and Banksy parted company in 2009 a mysterious split about which both parties have remained tight lipped a b Banksy 2005 Wall and Piece Random House Archived from the original on 28 September 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Onyanga Omara Jane 14 September 2012 Banksy in goal The story of the Easton Cowboys and Cowgirls BBC News Archived from the original on 16 September 2012 Retrieved 14 September 2012 Banksy s mild mild west piece Stokes Croft Bristol Bristol street art co uk 27 November 2008 Archived from the original on 16 April 2014 Retrieved 30 April 2014 Whitewashed Banksy restoration could cost thousands BBC 15 July 2011 Archived from the original on 20 July 2011 Retrieved 15 July 2011 Bates Stephen 15 July 2011 Banksy s Gorilla in a Pink Mask is painted over The Guardian London Archived from the original on 16 July 2011 Retrieved 15 July 2011 a b Existencilism Los Angeles July 2002 Banksy Unofficial 16 April 2017 Retrieved 26 February 2020 a b Banksy Smiley Copper H Phillips Retrieved 26 February 2020 Banksy Existencilism Book Art of the State Archived from the original on 4 February 2009 Retrieved 26 January 2009 First time at auction for Banksy s 2002 art work Leopard and Barcode at Bonhams Urban art sale artdaily cc Retrieved 26 February 2020 Banksy s Bristol BBC Bristol BBC Archived from the original on 13 April 2015 Retrieved 11 March 2015 Animals sprayed by graffiti artist BBC News 18 July 2003 Archived from the original on 5 October 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Banksy Show Tonight in London 13 October 2005 Archived from the original on 11 November 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Mix Elizabeth 2011 Bansky Grove Art Online doi 10 1093 gao 9781884446054 article T2093940 Banksy print donated to Bristol arts venue The Cube BBC News BBC 20 May 2015 Archived from the original on 25 September 2015 Reinhard Andrew 2016 ANS Acquires Authentic Banksy 10 Diana Note American Numismatic Society Blog Retrieved 10 May 2021 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 s 18 legislation gov uk Retrieved 10 May 2021 10 Things To Know About Banksy s Napalm MyArtBroker Retrieved 23 November 2021 Tichy Anna 2021 Banksy Artist Prankster or Both New York Law School Law Review 65 1 81 103 Friedman Jacob Napalm Can t Beat That Feeling Hexagon Gallery Archived from the original on 19 April 2019 Retrieved 23 November 2021 a b Jones Sam 5 August 2005 Spray can prankster tackles Israel s security barrier The Guardian London Archived from the original on 4 October 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 a b c d Banksy Graffiti A Book About The Thinking Street Artist Archived 18 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine by The Huffington Post 30 August 2012 Oliver Mark 18 September 2006 Banksy s painted elephant is illegal say officials The Guardian UK Archived from the original on 19 October 2013 Retrieved 20 April 2011 Bowes Peter 14 September 2006 Guerrilla artist Banksy hits LA BBC News Archived from the original on 12 March 2007 Retrieved 19 September 2006 UK Magazine Faces of the week BBC News 15 September 2006 Archived from the original on 6 March 2009 Retrieved 12 April 2010 Beard Matthew 6 April 2006 Aguilera invests 25 000 in Banksy The Independent UK Archived from the original on 7 September 2006 Retrieved 20 October 2006 Banksy works set auction record BBC News 20 October 2006 Archived from the original on 9 February 2007 Retrieved 20 October 2006 Your World Today Transcript CNN 4 December 2006 Archived from the original on 10 July 2009 Retrieved 26 April 2010 Banksy Effect mentioned near end British graffiti artist joins elite in record sale Reuters 7 February 2007 Archived from the original on 9 January 2009 Retrieved 8 November 2008 Roberts Genevieve 19 January 2007 Sotheby s makes a killing from Banksy s guerrilla artworks The Independent UK Archived from the original on 21 February 2009 Retrieved 26 January 2009 a b Collins Lauren 14 May 2007 Banksy Was Here The invisible man of graffiti art The New Yorker Archived from the original on 30 December 2008 Retrieved 26 January 2009 Free house as part of mural sale BBC News 12 February 2007 Archived from the original on 13 February 2007 Retrieved 12 February 2007 Iconic Banksy image painted over BBC News 20 April 2007 Archived from the original on 25 May 2007 Retrieved 20 April 2007 Addley Esther 26 January 2007 Blood on the tracks The Guardian London Archived from the original on 21 October 2013 Retrieved 26 January 2009 Bull Martin 2011 Banksy Locations amp Tours A collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London England PM Press ISBN 978 1 60486 320 8 Reuters UK Elusive artist Banksy sets record price Reuters com 25 April 2007 Archived from the original on 30 December 2008 Retrieved 26 January 2009 Banksy Statue Stolen Stranger Archived from the original on 8 June 2007 Retrieved 4 June 2007 Hattenstone Simon 2 April 2004 But is it kidnap The Guardian UK Archived from the original on 25 June 2008 Retrieved 15 June 2008 Guerilla Artist Archived 26 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Sky News 24 October 2007 a b Camp Archived from the original on 19 January 2005 Banksy Contact Music Archived from the original on 22 December 2015 Retrieved 22 December 2015 A message from Banksy s lawyer Archived from the original on 26 October 2010 Retrieved 28 October 2010 Banksy Pans His First New York Show Artinfo Louise Blouin Media 7 December 2007 Archived from the original on 16 September 2008 Retrieved 16 April 2008 Trailer a Banksy treasure BBC 6 March 2008 Retrieved 17 December 2015 Mobile art house for sale BBC News 3 June 2008 Archived from the original on 28 July 2013 Banksy must have an Oyster card He s gone west The London Paper 11 March 2008 Archived from the original on 14 March 2008 Banksy Paints Murals in New Orleans To Mark Hurricane Katrina Anniversary Gallery Banksy Art in Big Easy Sky News 28 August 2008 Archived from the original on 6 December 2008 Banksy s Road Trip Continues Takes On The KKK In Birmingham Alabama Archived 21 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine Marc Schiller Wooster Collective Ryzik Melena 9 October 2008 Where Fish Sticks Swim Free and Chicken Nuggets Self Dip The New York Times Archived from the original on 9 June 2016 Banksy art is graffiti rules town hall The Sydney Morning Herald 24 October 2008 Archived from the original on 31 March 2013 Houghton Janae 14 December 2008 The painter painted Melbourne loses its treasured Banksy The Age Australia Archived from the original on 24 March 2011 Tunnel becomes Banksy art exhibit BBC News 2 May 2008 Archived from the original on 17 June 2009 Retrieved 5 January 2010 Banksy Hosts The Cans Festival Cool Hunting 6 May 2008 Archived from the original on 11 May 2008 Retrieved 17 May 2008 What is Pest Control Pest Control Office Archived from the original on 31 January 2009 Retrieved 23 May 2009 Cafe Rebecca 12 June 2009 Banksy s homecoming reviewed BBC Bristol BBC Archived from the original on 15 June 2009 Retrieved 14 June 2009 Sawyer Miranda 13 June 2009 Take a stuffy old institution Remix Add wit It s Banksy v the museum The Guardian London Archived from the original on 15 June 2009 Retrieved 13 June 2009 Thousands flock to Banksy show in Bristol Bristol Evening Post Bristol News and Media 15 June 2009 Archived from the original on 18 June 2009 Retrieved 15 June 2009 Cafe Rebecca 31 August 2009 Banksy art show draws in 300 000 BBC Bristol BBC Archived from the original on 15 June 2009 Retrieved 31 August 2009 Blur Banksy is ruined by mistake BBC News 5 September 2009 Retrieved 5 September 2009 Banksy art tackles global warming Archived 3 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 21 December 2009 Fuertes Knight Jo My Graffiti War with Banksy By King Robbo Sabotage Times Archived from the original on 19 August 2011 Retrieved 15 August 2011 Means Sean P 21 January 2010 Famous tagger Banksy strikes in Utah The Salt Lake Tribune Archived from the original on 24 January 2010 Retrieved 21 January 2010 Sharpe Laura 18 February 2010 Liverpool Banksy rat pub building sold for 114 000 at auction The Liverpool Daily Post Archived from the original on 9 September 2010 a b London Underground Banksy work regains its halo BBC News 17 March 2010 Retrieved 25 December 2011 Underground mystery as Banksy work regains its halo London Evening Standard 17 March 2010 Archived from the original on 29 May 2010 Retrieved 25 December 2011 Fairy Shephard 29 April 2010 Time 100 Banksy Time No 20 May 2015 Archived from the original on 18 May 2015 Street Artist Banksy Marks the Mission The San Francisco Chronicle 23 April 2010 Archived from the original on 28 April 2010 Retrieved 27 April 2010 Banksy in San Francisco San Francisco Luxury Living Archived 27 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine Sfluxe com 24 April 2010 Retrieved 25 November 2012 Banksy comes to Toronto Torontoist 9 May 2010 Archived from the original on 12 May 2010 Retrieved 9 May 2010 Wright Travis R 10 May 2010 Banksy Leaves a Rat in Warren and a Diamond in Detroit Metro Times blogs Archived from the original on 19 January 2011 Retrieved 14 March 2011 Stryker Mark Graffiti artist Banksy leaves mark on Detroit and ignites firestorm Archived from the original on 18 May 2010 Davis Becks 12 May 2010 Street Artist Banksy Tags Detroit Detroit Moxie Archived from the original on 16 May 2010 Banksy makes his mark across America The Independent 7 June 2010 Banksy nominated for Oscar Oscar go com Retrieved 25 November 2012 Banksy statement to Oscar nomination Archived 1 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Nme com 27 January 2011 Retrieved 25 November 2012 Banksy responds to Oscars Archived 11 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine Swns com 9 March 2011 Retrieved 25 November 2012 a b Banksy creates new Simpsons title sequence BBC News 11 October 2010 Archived from the original on 12 October 2010 Retrieved 12 October 2010 Original Storyboard from banksy co uk archived at web archive org Banksy unveils church abuse work BBC News 15 December 2011 Archived from the original on 16 December 2011 Banksy rat destroyed by builders ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Archived 17 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine Australian Broadcasting Corporation au 16 May 2012 Retrieved 25 November 2012 London 2012 Banksy and street artists Olympic graffiti Archived 10 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine BBC co uk 24 July 2012 British Graffiti artist Banksy in Olympics controversy English ahram org eg 27 July 2012 Archived from the original on 15 March 2014 Retrieved 30 April 2014 Banksy mural vanishes from London appears at US auction Archived 18 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine BBC news 18 February 2013 Retrieved 18 February 2013 Taken Banksy is withdrawn from sale Archived 27 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 24 February 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2014 Banksy Slave Labour mural up for auction again Archived 13 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine BBC News 11 May 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2014 Better Out Than In Banksy co uk 13 October 2013 Archived from the original on 18 October 2013 Retrieved 17 October 2013 Hamilton Keegan 9 October 2013 An Interview With Banksy Street Art Cult Hero International Man of Mystery The Village Voice Archived from the original on 9 October 2013 Banksy stall sells art works for 60 in New York BBC News 14 October 2013 Archived from the original on 17 October 2013 Retrieved 17 October 2013 Banksy I Sold Original Artwork for 60 in NYC ABC News ABC News Archived from the original on 17 October 2013 Retrieved 17 October 2013 Graffiti artist Banksy says he offered 60 paintings in Central Park CNN com CNN 14 October 2013 Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 Retrieved 17 October 2013 Two of Banksy s Central Park Spray Art Canvases Sell for 214 000 at Auction 7 July 2014 Archived from the original on 20 February 2015 Retrieved 12 December 2014 Hollister Sean 16 October 2013 NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg says Banksy doesn t fit his definition of art The Verge Grant Drew 16 October 2013 Banksy Unveils Shoeshine Boy at McDonald s The New York Observer The New York Observer Archived from the original on 17 October 2013 Retrieved 17 October 2013 O Brien Liam 17 October 2013 Banksy attacks McDonald s in new sculpture The Independent London Archived from the original on 18 October 2013 Jones Jonathan 17 October 2013 Banksy gives Ronald McDonald s clown shoes a shine The Guardian Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 a b Boyette Chris 1 November 2013 Banksy bids farewell to New York with balloons CNN Archived from the original on 3 January 2014 Kazakina Katya 1 November 2013 Banksy s Nazi Doctored Painting Raises 615 000 Online Blomberg Archived from the original on 24 October 2014 Oh Inae 28 October 2013 Banksy Bashes One World Trade Center In Rejected New York Times Op Ed HuffPost Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 Banksy in New York pictures The Telegraph London 31 October 2013 Archived from the original on 26 February 2014 Vincent Alice 23 October 2013 Banksy sphinx sculpture stolen in New York The Daily Telegraph London Archived from the original on 26 February 2014 Banksy s Murals Turn Up In Gaza Strip NPR 26 February 2015 Archived from the original on 28 February 2015 Dismaland Dismaland Archived from the original on 5 September 2015 Brown Mark 21 August 2015 Banksy s Dismaland fans express frustration over crashing website The Guardian Archived from the original on 21 August 2015 Retrieved 21 August 2015 Dismaland Dismaland Archived from the original on 21 August 2015 Banksy work in Calais Jungle shows Steve Jobs as migrant BBC News 11 December 2015 Archived from the original on 12 December 2015 Retrieved 12 December 2015 The Walled Off Hotel walledoffhotel com Retrieved 14 March 2018 Banksy s New York rat removed in less than a week Descrier 22 March 2018 Retrieved 23 March 2018 Banksy Blitz Continues in NYC with New Murals in Brooklyn Hyperallergic 19 March 2018 Retrieved 23 March 2018 a b Christian Natasha 7 October 2018 Street artist Banksy releases video showing auction shredding prank was years in the making The West Australian Retrieved 7 October 2018 Johnston Chris 6 October 2018 Banksy auction prank leaves art world in shreds The Guardian Banksy artwork shreds itself after sale BBC News 6 October 2018 Retrieved 6 October 2018 Khan Coco 27 March 2017 Meet the entrepreneurs shaking up the art world The Guardian 1m Banksy artwork shredded at auction now worth double 6 October 2018 Who s the mystery man who films at Banksy prank auction Sky News Banksy s Girl with Balloon sale is confirmed and it s got a new name CNN 11 October 2018 Banksy publishes video detailing auction stunt plan video The Guardian 7 October 2018 Banksy explains why and how he destroyed artwork that had just been sold for 1m The Independent Retrieved 8 October 2018 Mikhail Bakunin Quote Banksy posts video of shredding stunt BBC News 6 October 2018 Banksy Shredding the Girl and Balloon The Director s half cut 17 October 2018 Busby Mattha 11 October 2018 Woman who bought shredded Banksy artwork will go through with purchase The Guardian Kinsella Eileen 11 October 2018 Banksy Authenticates and Renames His Shredded 1 4 Million Painting Which the Buyer Plans to Keep artnet Pruitt Young Sharon 14 October 2021 A half shredded Banksy piece is auctioned for 25 4 million a record for the artist NPR Retrieved 15 October 2021 Is this the work of Banksy ITV News 19 December 2018 Retrieved 19 December 2018 Robinson Matthew 19 December 2018 Banksy confirms he s behind new mural CNN Style Retrieved 19 December 2018 Reilly Nick 19 December 2018 Banksy confirms he s behind new painting spotted in Wales NME Retrieved 19 December 2018 Banksy confirms new snow artwork is his BBC News 19 December 2018 Retrieved 19 December 2018 Booth Robert 23 December 2018 Banksy anti pollution artwork in Port Talbot targeted The Guardian Retrieved 23 December 2018 Banksy s Port Talbot snow mural attacked by drunk halfwit BBC News 23 December 2018 Retrieved 23 December 2018 Fyfe Will 29 May 2019 Port Talbot Banksy mural Artwork arrives at new home BBC News BBC Retrieved 11 June 2019 Banksy shop featuring Stormzy stab vest appears in Croydon BBC News 1 October 2019 Retrieved 2 October 2019 Banksy launches homewares shop in dispute over trademark The Guardian 1 October 2019 Retrieved 2 October 2019 Banksy Card firm rejects custody claim BBC News 4 October 2019 Retrieved 7 October 2019 Rivera Isabella 30 November 2020 Voided Banksy TM Center for Art Law REGULATION EU 2017 1001 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trademark codification a b Banksy MPs as chimpanzees painting sells for 9 9m BBC Retrieved 3 October 2019 Morris Steven Fisher Ben 13 February 2020 Say it with Banksy Valentine s gift catapults house to street art fame The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 14 February 2020 Valentine s Day art in Bristol confirmed by Banksy as his work The Guardian 14 February 2020 ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 14 February 2020 New Banksy Valentine s Day artwork vandalised South China Morning Post Agence France Presse 16 February 2020 Retrieved 15 February 2020 Kim Allen Banksy donates new artwork honoring health care workers to hospital CNN Retrieved 11 May 2020 a b Covid Banksy painting raises 14 4m for NHS charities BBC 23 March 2021 Lewis Isobel 2 March 2021 Banksy Potential artwork appears overnight on side of Reading Prison Independent a b Banksy confirms escaping prisoner artwork at Reading jail BBC 4 March 2021 Banksy style pieces appear in Gorleston Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft BBC News 7 August 2021 Retrieved 9 August 2021 Banksy A guide to his Great British Spraycation BBC News 17 August 2021 Lewis Isobel 11 November 2021 Banksy artwork painted over by Christopher Walken in The Outlaws finale was real BBC confirms The Independent Retrieved 17 November 2021 Tondo Lorenzo 12 November 2022 Banksy artwork appears on damaged building in Ukraine The Guardian Retrieved 12 November 2022 Banksy in Ukraine seven new works appear in war torn sites The Art Newspaper 14 November 2022 Archived from the original on 14 November 2022 Retrieved 15 November 2022 U Borodyanci Gostomeli ta Irpeni 7 grafiti Benksi Vikend 15 November 2022 Retrieved 15 November 2022 Langley William 18 March 2007 For the Gauguin of graffiti it was all about tagging Now he s into six figure price tags The Telegraph London Archived from the original on 10 November 2014 Retrieved 9 November 2014 Kennedy Randy 24 March 2005 Need Talent to Exhibit in Museums Not This Prankster The New York Times Archived from the original on 11 December 2008 Retrieved 12 June 2008 Dodd Vikram 8 April 2004 Natural History Museum exhibits an unnatural specimen The Guardian Retrieved 7 October 2020 A Wooster Exclusive Banksy Hits New York s Most Famous Museums All of them 23 March 2005 Archived from the original on 9 September 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Howe Jeff August 2005 Art Attack Wired 13 8 Archived from the original on 2 September 2006 Retrieved 3 January 2014 Art prankster sprays Israeli wall BBC News 5 August 2005 Archived from the original on 25 April 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Parry Nigel 10 October 2006 British Graffiti Artist Banksy Hacks the Wall Nigel Parry from MIT Thresholds journal Archived from the original on 11 February 2009 Retrieved 12 February 2009 loveforlogos 29 July 2012 Nickelodeon Next ID 2005 Archived from the original on 3 July 2013 Retrieved 25 November 2012 via YouTube Artist s cold call cuts off phone BBC News 7 April 2006 Archived from the original on 7 December 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 a b Banksy s Bristol Home Sweet Home by Steve Wright 2007 p 93 Artist s saucy stencil for city BBC News 21 June 2006 Archived from the original on 12 March 2007 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Banksy mural defaced with paint BBC News 23 June 2009 Archived from the original on 26 June 2009 Retrieved 23 June 2009 Paris Hilton targeted in CD prank BBC News 4 September 2006 Archived from the original on 10 September 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Truscott Claire Hodgson Martin 3 September 2006 Banksy targets Paris Hilton The Independent on Sunday London Archived from the original on 5 September 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Paris Prank Confirmed 7 September 2006 Archived from the original on 21 November 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 The story Disneyland doesn t want you to know 8 September 2006 Archived from the original on 15 October 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 Artist Banksy targets Disneyland BBC News 11 September 2006 Archived from the original on 5 October 2006 Retrieved 19 September 2006 208 100 eBay bid for Banksy wall BBC News 14 January 2008 Archived from the original on 17 January 2008 Retrieved 14 January 2008 Banksy behind glass Artwork gets new Toronto home CTVNews 14 February 2017 Retrieved 17 March 2022 Eurosport 25 July 2012 London could destroy Banksy s valuable Olympic graffiti London Spy Yahoo Eurosport UK Yahoo Archived from the original on 9 November 2012 Retrieved 25 November 2012 London 2012 Street Artist Banksy s Olympic Graffiti Unveiled Pictures HuffPost 26 July 2012 Archived from the original on 27 July 2012 Retrieved 25 November 2012 Morris Steven 10 June 2014 Banksy confirms he is creator of the Spy Booth wall art near GCHQ The Guardian Archived from the original on 5 October 2015 Retrieved 5 October 2015 Banksy mural mocking government surveillance vanishes from UK wall ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation Agence France Presse 22 August 2016 Archived from the original on 23 August 2016 Retrieved 22 August 2016 Banksy mural appears at primary school with a letter from the artist himself The Telegraph 6 June 2016 Archived from the original on 8 June 2016 Retrieved 6 June 2016 Banksy paints Bridge Farm Primary Bristol wall as present BBC News British Broadcast Corporation 6 June 2016 Archived from the original on 6 June 2016 Retrieved 6 June 2016 Banksy claims responsibility for giant Brexit painting in Dover The Daily Telegraph London 7 May 2017 Archived from the original on 11 January 2022 Retrieved 8 January 2018 N Hinde Buy A 2 Raffle Ticket And This Banksy Sculpture Could Be Yours 11 12 18 on HuffPost Katie Baron How Choose Love Made Charity Credible Again Pop Up Sales Storm Towards 1 5m Doubling 2017 Total 22 10 18 on Forbes Anti graffiti crew accidentally paints over Banksy art in CBD The Melbourne Leader 27 April 2010 Archived from the original on 29 April 2010 Retrieved 27 April 2010 Banksy s New York Welcome The New York Times 15 October 2013 Archived from the original on 19 October 2013 Retrieved 21 October 2013 Janeczko Jane 15 October 2013 Banksy Piece In Queens Defaced By Other Graffiti Artists HuffPost Archived from the original on 24 February 2015 Retrieved 21 October 2013 Janeczko Jane 8 October 2013 Banksy Hater OMAR NYC Defaces Art In Red Hook HuffPost Archived from the original on 13 October 2013 Retrieved 21 October 2013 Turco Bucky 19 May 2010 Banksy Thoroughly Ragged Animal New York Archived from the original on 12 October 2013 Retrieved 21 October 2013 Dobkin Jake 19 May 2010 Banksy Gets Dissed Gothamist Archived from the original on 10 October 2013 Retrieved 21 October 2013 Road sign believed to be a Banksy has vanished BBC Newsround 13 August 2018 Retrieved 14 November 2018 Wall and Piece by Banksy 2006 Century ISBN 1 84413 787 2 p 204 Keats Jonathon 3 August 2012 Why Banksy Deserves An Olympic Gold More Than Usain Bolt Forbes Archived from the original on 7 February 2013 Retrieved 1 January 2013 Wall and Piece by Banksy 2006 Century ISBN 1 84413 787 2 p 110 Wall and Piece by Banksy 2006 Century ISBN 1 84413 787 2 p 155 a b SHOW ME THE MONET Sotheby s Retrieved 23 May 2021 Banksy makes election print for vote offer BBC News Archived from the original on 4 June 2017 Police investigate Banksy offer for possible election fraud Archived from the original on 5 June 2017 Retrieved 5 June 2017 O Connor Roisin Banksy cancels General Election print giveaway after police launch investigation The Independent Archived from the original on 22 June 2017 Retrieved 6 June 2017 Banksy follows stay at home orders and makes bathroom art during coronavirus crisis ABC News 17 April 2020 Retrieved 17 April 2020 Chaplin Chloe 17 September 2017 Banksy Civilian Drone Strike piece raises 200k for anti arms campaign groups London Evening Standard Rea Naomi 3 December 2018 Banksy Is Raffling Off a Refugee Sculpture for Only 2 50 If You Can Correctly Guess Its Weight Artnet Luscombe Richard 9 November 2013 Mystery surrounds collapse of Banksy sale to benefit Housing Works charity The Guardian Banksy has say over disputed Mobile Lovers artwork BBC 7 May 2014 Gander Kashmira 27 August 2014 Banksy s Mobile Lovers Youth club owner who sold artwork in Bristol receives death threats The Independent Banksy to raise money for homeless charities Irish News 10 December 2019 Palestine Banksy art creates a new model of resistance Gulf News 25 December 2019 New Banksy pro Palestine artwork sparks spat with Israeli art collector The New Arab 12 November 2018 New Banksy work unveiled at apology party for Palestinians BBC 2 November 2017 New Banksy work unveiled at apology party for Palestinians BBC 2 November 2017 Banksy auctions refugee paintings for 2 2m to aid Bethlehem hospital BBC 28 July 2020 Solomon Tessa 7 May 2020 Banksy Donates New Artwork Celebrating Health Care Workers to British Hospital ARTnews Banksy funds boat to rescue refugees at sea BBC 28 August 2020 Banksy biography Brian Sewell Art Directory briansewell com 4 August 2005 Archived from the original on 15 February 2009 Retrieved 26 January 2009 a b Blek le Rat This is not a Banksy The Independent London 19 April 2008 Archived from the original on 8 August 2011 Wells Jeff 15 August 2011 Guerrilla artists at war over style accusations Western Daily Press p 3 Art or Act New Yorkers Give Banksy Residency Mixed Reviews NPR org Archived from the original on 2 November 2013 Retrieved 4 November 2013 Making Sense of the Banksy Backlash Time 16 October 2013 Archived from the original on 26 September 2015 Supposing Subversive genius Banksy is actually rubbish Charlie Brooker guardian co uk London 22 September 2006 Archived from the original on 2 October 2013 Retrieved 31 January 2011 Banksy loses battle with greetings card firm over flower bomber trademark BBC News 17 September 2020 Retrieved 15 December 2020 Publisher Weapons of Mass Distraction Open Library Retrieved 24 October 2018 Pictures of walls around the world in eighty sprays London Pictures of Walls POW 2005 ISBN 978 0955194603 OCLC 682533140 a b c Banksy 2007 Wall and Piece London Random House ISBN 978 1844137862 OCLC 62531942 Banksy 2001 Banging your head against a brick wall UK Weapons of Mass Disruption ISBN 978 0954170400 OCLC 51183909 Banksy 2002 Existencilism UK Weapons of Mass Distraction ISBN 978 0954170417 OCLC 51183910 Banksy 2004 Cut it out UK Banksy ISBN 978 0954496005 OCLC 61519372 Further readingReisser Mirko Peters Gerrit Zahlmann Heiko eds 2002 Urban Discipline 2002 Graffiti Art Urban Discipline Graffiti Art in German Vol 3 1st ed Hamburg Germany getting up p 144 ISBN 978 3 00 009421 7 Steve Wright Banksy s Bristol Home Sweet Home Tangent Books 2007 ISBN 978 1 906477 00 4 Martin Bull Banksy Locations and Tours A Collection of Graffiti Locations and Photographs in London 2006 with new editions in 2007 2008 and 2010 ISBN 978 0 9554712 4 7 Ulrich Blanche Something to s pr ay Der Street Artivist Banksy Eine kunstwissenschaftliche Untersuchung 2010 ISBN 978 3 8288 2283 2 Will Elsworth Jones Banksy the Man behind the Wall 2012 ISBN 978 1 8451369 9 4 Paul Gough Banksy the Bristol Legacy 2012 ISBN 978 1 906593 96 4 Gary Shove and Patrick Potter You Are an Acceptable Level of Threat And If You Were Not You Would Know About It 2012 new edition in 2015 ISBN 978 1908211088External linksBanksy at Wikipedia s sister projects Media from Commons Quotations from Wikiquote Data from Wikidata Official websites Official website Pest Control Official Banksy authentication service and only current official dealer of original Banksy works Banksy Instagram Official Banksy Instagram page Banksy YouTube Channel Official Banksy YouTube channelSlideshows and galleries Banksy Street Art Photographs Banksy Images from Flickr Banksy Gallery by BBC News Banksy v Bristol Museum slideshow by BBC Stencil Revolution About BanksyNews items Police thwart attempt to steal Bethlehem Banksy mural Ma an News Agency April 21 2015 Will Ellsworth Jones The Story Behind Banksy The Smithsonian Magazine February 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Banksy amp oldid 1131267338, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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