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Funk metal

May 04, 2023

For the genre also called punk-funk, see dance-punk.

Funk metal (also known as thrash-funk[7] or punk-funk)[8][1][2] is a subgenre of funk rock and alternative metal that infuses heavy metal music (often thrash metal) with elements of funk and punk rock. Funk metal was part of the alternative metal movement, and has been described as a "brief but extremely media-hyped stylistic fad".[9]

Funk metal
Stylistic origins
Cultural originsMid-1980s, United States
Derivative formsNu metal
Regional scenes
California[4]
Local scenes
San Francisco, California[5][6]
Other topics

The funk metal scene formed in California during the mid-1980s with a group of bands who were initially playing a mix of funk, hard rock, hip hop and punk, and it quickly evolved to include elements of thrash metal.[10][11][12] Early bands associated with the style in the 1980s included Faith No More, Fishbone and Red Hot Chili Peppers, as well as the New York band Living Colour. In the early 1990s, the genre expanded with the start of bands like Primus, Infectious Grooves and Rage Against the Machine. Funk metal gained mainstream attention in the late 1980s, when Living Colour and Faith No More experienced chart success with their songs. Bands including Rage Against the Machine, Primus and Red Hot Chili Peppers also achieved success in the early 1990s. The genre had an impact on the glam metal and thrash metal scenes, and some bands from these genres began adding funk elements to their sound around this time. Despite the rise of newer artists such as Incubus, the genre was in decline towards the end of the 1990s, as bands from the 1980s and early 1990s had begun breaking up or moving towards other sounds. Funk metal paved the way for the nu metal movement of the late 1990s-early 2000s, and was influential to acts such as Korn and Limp Bizkit.

Characteristics

Funk metal has also been called thrash-funk or punk-funk and was most prevalent in the American state of California, particularly in Los Angeles and San Francisco.[13] According to AllMusic, funk metal "takes the loud guitars and riffs of heavy metal and melds them to the popping bass lines and syncopated rhythms of funk".[12] They go on to state "funk metal evolved in the mid-'80s when alternative bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Fishbone began playing the hybrid with a stronger funk underpinning than metal. The bands that followed relied more on metal than funk, though they retained the wild bass lines."[12] Faith No More, another Californian alternative group who emerged in the mid-1980s, have been described as a funk metal band that also dabbled in rap-metal.[14] Rage Against the Machine's mix of funk and metal not only included rap, but also elements of hardcore.[15] AllMusic formerly categorized funk metal as a style of alternative rock, in spite of the genre's name. The website currently categorizes it as a style of heavy metal.[12]

Certain bands not from a punk/alternative background, such as glam metal groups Bang Tango and Extreme, have also frequently incorporated funk into their musical style.[16][17] Bands such as Primus and Mordred emerged from the thrash metal underground.[6]

In his book Know Your Enemy: The Story of Rage Against the Machine, Joel Mclver wrote that funk metal is "a slightly clumsy term applied in the late eighties to any rock band whose bass player used a slapping style." He goes on to write "The best known funk-metallers were the Red Hot Chili Peppers (who later achieved global success with a more pop-oriented approach) and Living Colour. Other funk-metallers ranged from the credible, such as Infectious Grooves (a side-project of crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies), to the relatively obscure, such as the Dan Reed Network."[18]

Roy Shuker described the genre in his 1994 book Understanding Popular Music, writing: "the 'classic' distinction between rock and pop [runs] into some difficulties when we consider various forms of 'alternative' music, illustrating the difficulties of forcing genres into too rigid a typology. For example, where would we place the wild musical genre called 'thrash funk', a fusion of 1970s funk, punk rock, rap, California surf, skateboard and hippy cultures, which, according to press reports, swept San Francisco clubs in 1990."[19] Shuker wrote about the genre again in the 2005 edition of his book Popular Music: The Key Concepts, calling it "less structured than earlier forms of metal, with the bass guitar relied on more than the lead."[20]

The genre managed to gain some international popularity through foreign acts such as British groups Atom Seed[21] and Scat Opera, as well as Super Junky Monkey, an all-female funk metal/avant-garde band from Japan.[22][23] Although never breaking through in the United States, Swedish band Electric Boys attracted recognition throughout Europe,[6][24] with AllMusic calling them one of the "most celebrated purveyors of the short-lived funk-metal phenomenon."[24]

Funk metal's prevalence in the late 1980s and 1990–91 predated the rise of grunge music in late 1991, which hurt the popularity of more traditional forms of hard rock/metal.[18] In a January 1991 Spin article, Electric Boys singer Conny Bloom claimed funk metal had become a trend since people thought other hard rock of that era was "boring".[6]

History

Origins (early 1980s)

 
Funk metal band Faith No More

The roots of funk metal can be traced back to the Atlanta band Mother's Finest. In the late 70's they were already trying to make the leap from the classic funk rock of their Epic Records label to a more powerful sound, as can be heard in the song "Hard Rock Lover", which features a heavier rhythm section made up of bassist Jerry "Wizzard" Seay and drummer "B.B. Queen" Borden. It would be in 1981 when they could finally make the complete transition in their album Iron Age, an authentic mixture of heavy rock and funk that establishes the elements of origin for funk metal. The decision to take that direction towards heavy metal had some consequences, such as the departure of keyboardist Michael Keck, who could not find a place in that new sound.[25] The album was produced by Jeff Glixman, who also worked with bands like Black Sabbath (for whom Mother's Finest opened for on their Technical Ecstasy Tour), Saxon, Magnum or Kansas. According to Alex Henderson of AllMusic, "with the right promotion, Iron Age could have made MF a big hit with the Quiet Riot/Judas Priest/Scorpions crowd, but the album was a commercial flop instead of the big commercial breakthrough that it should have been".[26]

The self-titled 1984 debut album from Los Angeles band Red Hot Chili Peppers has been cited by some as the first truly funk metal or punk-funk release.[27] Unlike with earlier funk rock albums from the 1970s and the early 1980s, it included elements of both punk and hip hop.[28] At that point, the band were already signed to the major label Capitol Records. Faith No More released their independent debut We Care a Lot the following year. Like with the Red Hot Chili Peppers' debut, it also mixed funk, hip hop and punk music.[10] While Faith No More originated from San Francisco's punk scene of the early 1980s, their guitarist Jim Martin was connected to the city's thrash metal scene, adding heavier influences to the band's sound. According to Louder Sound, Faith No More, Fishbone and Red Hot Chili Peppers "pre-dated the funk metal gold rush" of the very late 1980s and early 1990s, when major labels began signing bands associated with the sound.[29] In 1988, Neil Perry of Sounds Magazine referred to Faith No More's 1987 major label debut Introduce Yourself as "a breathtaking harmonisation of molten metal guitar, deadly dance rhythms and poignant, pointed lyrics".[30] On the Red Hot Chili Peppers' album The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, released the same year, guitarist Hillel Slovak started to experiment with sounds other than punk rock/hard rock, including thrash metal.[31] During late 1987, Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers toured together in support of these two albums.[32][33][34] Martin recalled: "We were travelling in a box van with no windows. We drove all the way to the east coast for the first show. Flea asked me if we liked to smoke weed. I said: ‘Yes’ and he said: ‘We're going to get along just fine’. We did something like 52 dates in 56 days."[35] Faith No More subsequently went on a solo tour of the United Kingdom in 1988. Following this tour, their singer Chuck Mosley (who is of African-American origin) was fired due to his increasingly erratic behavior.[35]

New York band Living Colour, who entered the mainstream during the late 1980s, were named by Rolling Stone as "black funk metal pioneers."[36] Ska-influenced Los Angeles band Fishbone are also noted for being an all-black group. They had ties with the Red Hot Chili Peppers and have been labelled as early leaders of the funk metal/punk-funk movement.[8] The band got signed to the major label Columbia Records in 1983, releasing several albums through them, but never had a significant hit song.[8][37] Entertainment Weekly noted in a May 1991 article that "despite the rise of black rockers like Living Colour, the American funk-metal scene is predominantly white."[38] Many reviewers often cited Living Colour as having been a band that were directly inspired by the Red Hot Chili Peppers. The vocalist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Anthony Kiedis, played down similarities between the two bands. He stated at the time, "Living Colour to me sounds nothing like Red Hot Chili Peppers. But I have to deal with [this] on a daily basis: 'Wow, Living Colour's really biting your style. Y'ever see the guy on stage? He moves just like you.'"[39] The A.V. Club later wrote in 2013 that, "Living Colour was boundary-breaking—and yet the group was given more boundaries right out of the gate. As funk-metal like that of Faith No More solidified into a subgenre with set rules and sounds, the last thing Living Colour wanted was to be called funk-metal."[40]

Primus, a band with thrash metal origins formed in the mid-1980s, has been widely described as funk metal, though they have also crossed many other genres and bandleader/bassist Les Claypool dislikes the categorization.[41][42] After getting signed to Interscope Records, Claypool remarked in 1991, "We've been lumped in with the funk metal thing just about everywhere. I guess people just have to categorise you".[43] Claypool has mentioned being inspired by The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, comparing it to Led Zeppelin.[44]

Popularity (late 1980s–early 1990s)

The success of Faith No More's 1989 song "Epic" helped heighten interest in the genre.[45][27] Funk metal band Living Colour also achieved mainstream success with their song "Cult of Personality", which was a very popular hit and frequently played on MTV, helping the band's album Vivid go double-platinum.[46] In the wake of Living Colour's success, another all-black funk metal band from New York called 24-7 Spyz gained popularity.[47][48] Anthony Kiedis later claimed Faith No More's new singer, Mike Patton, had stolen his style, specifically in "Epic" and its popular music video.[49] He said "I watched [their] 'Epic' video, and I see him jumping up and down, rapping, and it looked like I was looking in a mirror."[49] Since the Red Hot Chili Peppers had not yet broken outside of America, he believed European audiences would view him as being an imitator of Patton.[49] The LA Weekly state: "Faith No More, then led by vocalist Chuck Mosley, before Patton joined the band, used to open for the similarly progressive Peppers just as the funk-metal scene was gaining momentum. By 1989, as both bands were getting exceedingly popular, they both landed European tours, with Faith No More’s scheduled to begin a few months before RHCP's. This wasn’t an issue, until Kiedis saw the video for FNM’s 'Epic'".[50] In an interview with Kerrang! Kiedis further said, "what a drag if people get the idea that I’m actually ripping him off. Especially in the UK where FNM is much better known than us. In America, it’s a different story, people are aware of the profound influence we had on them."[51] He also threatened to "kidnap [Patton], shave his hair off and cut off one of his feet just so he'll be forced to find a style of his own."[52]

Faith No More's keyboardist Roddy Bottum responded to Kiedis by saying in an interview, "to me, our band sounds nothing like Red Hot Chili Peppers. If you're talking about long hair, rapping with his shirt off, then yeah, I can see similarities [...] I haven't talked to them since this whole thing started."[53] Patton addressed Kiedis' allegations in 1990 by saying to Faces Magazine that, "it just kind of came out of the blue. It doesn't bother me a bit. I got a real big kick out of it to tell you the truth. I mean, if he's gonna talk about me in interviews, that's fine - it's free press! Either he's feeling inadequate or old or I don't know, but I have no reason to talk shit about him."[54] Kiedis and Patton were thought to have gotten on good terms with each other after face to face encounters in the 1990s, although the feud would eventually continue into the late 1990s and early 2000s with Patton's other funk metal band, Mr. Bungle, who were heavily inspired by the Red Hot Chili Peppers in their early days.[49]

The funk metal movement had reached a critical and commercial peak in 1991, with albums such as Blood Sugar Sex Magik (by Red Hot Chili Peppers), Sailing the Seas of Cheese (by Primus) and Mr. Bungle's self-titled debut attaining acclaim from the music press.[4] Blood Sugar Sex Magik eventually went 7× platinum in the United States.[55] Mark Jenkins of The Washington Post claimed in a 1991 article that "much of it sounds like art rock".[4] Mr. Bungle initially began as a death metal band in Eureka, California with their 1986 demo The Raging Wrath of the Easter Bunny. On their subsequent 1980s demos Bowel of Chiley, Goddamnit I Love America! and OU818 they shifted to a ska-influenced funk metal sound.[56] They signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1990 on the back of singer Mike Patton's success with Faith No More, and by then had started mixing their ska/funk metal style with avant-garde sounds.[57] Their 1991 debut on Warner Bros. has been labelled as "funk metal madness"[58] and "an irresistibly vulgar fusion of jazz, funk, metal, and a great wealth of other things."[58] Regarding Mr. Bungle's evolution during the 1980s and early 1990s, guitarist Trey Spruance said, "[we were interested in] Slayer and Mercyful Fate. Later it was The Specials and Fishbone. Then we moved to San Francisco and got all sophisticated. Now we are improv snobs who rule the avant-garde universe by night, and poor, fucked-up hipsters by day."[59] Spruance has mentioned the first two Red Hot Chili Peppers albums as an influence, with Mr. Bungle even covering their song "Baby Appeal" at a high school talent show.[60] However, bassist Trevor Dunn has since claimed that he wasn't as big a fan of them as other members in the band were, saying "I was way more into Fishbone and Bad Manners back in the day."[61]

In January 1991, Spin observed that major labels were seeking out bands with a "thrash-funk" or "funk metal" sound, and commented, "all of a sudden there's a virtual army of funk-metal bands, primarily centered in the San Francisco Bay Area. They range from thrashers, who lend an occasional funk edge to some of their material (Mordred and Death Angel) to straight-out funkers (Primus, Psychefunkapus and Limbomaniacs) to those who defy categorization (Faith No More)."[6] Spin considered Limbomaniacs to be the most "rap-oriented" of the bands in the Bay Area scene.[6]

 
Rage Against the Machine performing in 2007

The funk metal bands formed in the San Francisco Bay Area were influenced by the earlier, punk-oriented Los Angeles bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Fishbone, and there would be interaction between bands from both cities.[2] Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith recalled in 2014 that, "the Red Hot Chili Peppers used to play with Primus. I remember when we would come up to the Bay Area—especially in the late 80s, they were a really popular band up there. People would say 'Oh, Primus is like the Bay Area Chili Peppers. You've got to hear them!'". Smith added that, "obviously, they were doing their own thing [it] was quirky and people just loved them. You could tell they had a real loyal rabid fanbase—real fans that really dug what they were into."[2] According to Steev Esquivel of the band Skinlab, the prevalence of funk metal around this time hurt the popularity of thrash metal music in the San Francisco Bay Area. He said Primus and Faith No More "came in and shut down the metal scene single handedly", and that bands such as these attracted a large female demographic that had previously followed thrash metal.[62] John Joseph, who left crossover thrash band Cro-Mags to form funk metal band Both Worlds, told Spin in 1991 that, "funk is fun music to play, and it's good to see girls having a good time up front, not just dudes with spikes on their arms."[6]

The New Jersey band Mind Funk signed to Epic Records in 1990 shortly after forming, with Spin describing their sound as mixing "metal's wall-of-sound guitar firepower and funk rhymes."[6] At first, they were widely associated with the movement as a result of their name, although they have also since come to be associated with the grunge and stoner rock genres. Vocalist Pat Dubar distanced Mind Funk from the more funk-oriented bands in the movement, saying in 1991 that, "everyone's jumping on that bandwagon. We may have funky parts in our songs, but as far as playing straight funk, forget it. We couldn't do it as well as the guys who originated it. We take a lot of different elements from rap to the Doors and jazz and mix them together."[6]

Los Angeles band Rage Against the Machine signed to Epic Records in 1991, the year that they formed, and achieved mainstream fame in the 1990s with their albums going multi-platinum.[63][64] Infectious Grooves, another Los Angeles band, also signed to Epic Records at the beginning of the 1990s. Infectious Grooves included vocalist Mike Muir and bassist Robert Trujillo, both of Suicidal Tendencies, a hardcore/crossover thrash band. Suicidal Tendencies themselves had signed to Epic in the late 1980s and already begun adding funk metal elements to their music on 1990's Lights...Camera...Revolution!.[65] The drummer for Infectious Grooves was Stephen Perkins of Jane's Addiction, a band from the same scene as the Red Hot Chili Peppers who occasionally delved into funk metal.[66][67] Muir gave Infectious Grooves equal status as Suicidal Tendencies, and the two bands often toured together, necessitating an exhausting two sets per night for Muir and Trujillo.[66] They released three albums through Epic in the 1990s, The Plague That Makes Your Booty Move... It's the Infectious Grooves (1991), Sarsippius' Ark (1993) and Groove Family Cyco (1994). Groove Family Cyco included a diss track towards Rage Against the Machine called "Do What I Tell Ya!". The feud with Rage Against the Machine originated after their guitarist Tom Morello began speaking negatively about Suicidal Tendencies in public, leading Muir to point out the irony of Morello's band preaching anti-corporate values in their lyrics while being signed to Epic Records.[68]

Neg Raggett of AllMusic claims that by 1992 "oodles of (mostly horribly bad) funk-metal acts were following in Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers' footsteps."[69] In an interview from around this time, Flea spoke negatively about derivative acts that were inspired by Faith No More and Red Hot Chili Peppers. After a writer compared Red Hot Chili Peppers to the new funk metal band Ugly Kid Joe, he said "I just know where their music is coming from – copping us, copping Faith No More, copping Pop-Rock Band No. 17B. We're coming from listening to Miles Davis, Ornette Coleman, Defunkt, Funkadelic, the Meters, James Brown – the real shit. And it's coming from jamming and playing billions of hours of shit that no one will hear."[70]

Guitar virtuoso Buckethead began releasing albums through avant-garde labels in the early 1990s, and many of them have been associated with funk metal.[71] Additionally, Buckethead was in the experimental band Praxis with veteran funk musician Bootsy Collins and former Limbomaniacs drummer Brain (who later joined Primus). Their music has also been associated with funk metal, particularly their 1992 debut Transmutation (Mutatis Mutandis).[72]

Decline (mid–late 1990s)

By the latter part of the 1990s, funk metal was represented by a smaller group of bands, including Incubus, Sugar Ray, Jimmie's Chicken Shack and 311.[12][73][74] Incubus formed in 1991 at the height of the genre's popularity, and they were inspired by funk metal bands. Vocalist Brandon Boyd has mentioned being a fan of Mr. Bungle's debut when it was first released,[75] and has also said "Primus was one of those bands that myself, José from our band, Mikey from our band, the three of us fully bonded over them. We would just crank their music in the car, outdoors."[76] Their 1997 major label debut album S.C.I.E.N.C.E. has been labelled a "weed-and-mushrooms influenced funk/metal freakout",[77] unlike with the band's prior releases Fungus Amongus (1995) and Enjoy Incubus (1997), it further incorporated elements of electronica into funk metal.[78] Guitarist Mike Einziger said in 1997 that the band had set out to record an album that sounded like "weird science and energetic funk."[79] At the time, they garnered heavy comparisons to Faith No More, Red Hot Chili Peppers and Primus, with critics noting similarities between the voices of singer Brandon Boyd and Mike Patton.[80][81][82] Some of the band's later releases still retained elements of funk, but they were viewed as being more musically straightforward than before.[83] In November 2001, Amy Sciarretto of CMJ New Music Report claimed that Incubus was "poised to be hard rock's bastard child of Faith No More and Primus thanks to its resident hottie Brandon Boyd's easy-on-the-ears emulation of Mike Patton and Dirk Lance's bass thwapping. But between 1997's S.C.I.E.N.C.E. and 1999's Make Yourself, the album that broke Incubus at rock radio, the band took a stylistic turn."[81] Initially beginning as a hardcore punk band in the 1980s, Sugar Ray's first two major label releases Lemonade and Brownies (1995) and Floored (1997) have been associated with funk metal, but later releases completely abandoned the sound of these albums in favor of a pop rock approach.[84][85][86] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic says that after the success of their 1997 single "Fly" they "no longer tried to ape the Red Hot Chili Peppers."[87]

Bands from genres such as nu metal (Korn, Primer 55),[88][89][90] pop punk (Zebrahead)[91] and comedy rock (Bloodhound Gang)[92][93] incorporated elements of funk metal into their sound during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Snot's first and only full length release Get Some (1997) has been described by critics as not only a funk metal album,[94] but also as a hardcore punk album and an early nu metal album.[94][95][96] Korn, who are often credited with popularizing the nu metal sound on their 1994 debut, have named Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers as their two biggest musical influences,[97][98] in addition to also citing 24-7 Spyz, Fishbone, Living Colour, Mr. Bungle, Primus and Rage Against the Machine as influences.[99][100][101] AllMusic consider their debut to be "building on the funk-metal innovations of the late '80s/early '90s instead of merely replicating them."[102] Some of the members of Korn were formerly in a funk metal band called L.A.P.D., who formed in 1989 and released their sole album Who's Laughing in 1992.[103] Guitarist James 'Munky' Shaffer has still considered Korn to be funk metal, saying in 2014, "Korn began as, and has remained a funk-metal band."[98] Their vocalist Jonathan Davis said in 2015, "I always thought of us as a funk band, that funky groovy shit. When they came out with that nu-metal shit, like, I’ve always been fighting that shit."[104] The term nu metal was not yet in usage when albums such as Get Some were first released. Nu metal is generally considered to have entered the mainstream with Korn's 1998 album Follow the Leader, and the label was being used by the early 2000s.[105][106] Critics have occasionally categorized Korn's work as funk metal, even after the nu metal label became prevalent. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic described Korn's breakthrough 1997 single "A.D.I.D.A.S." as "a kinetic funk-metal track" in his retrospective review.[107] While the more well-known work of Papa Roach has been described as nu metal, vocalist Jacoby Shaddix has noted that the band's independent releases from 1994–1997 had a more funk metal sound. He reflected, "if we go back and listen to the first P-Roach recordings, we sound like a cross between Mr. Bungle, Red Hot Chili Peppers and Primus. You know, that whole '90s scene that was funky and freaky - I even wore panty hose on my head."[108]Mega!! Kung Fu Radio, the 1997 major label debut of Powerman 5000, showcased an aggressive form of funk metal,[109][110] which the band themselves branded as "action-rock".[111][110] All subsequent releases from Powerman 5000 moved towards an industrial metal/industrial rock sound. AllMusic suggests that funk metal was "played-out by the end of the decade".[73]

After the release of Sailing the Seas of Cheese in 1991, Primus's subsequent albums started to delve into more experimental sounds, while still retaining a prominent funk influence.[112] Les Claypool claimed that Primus's 1997 album Brown Album was a return to the aggressive sound of their earlier material,[113] although critics labelled it as "flat-sounding"[114] and as moving "even further into progressive and jazz-rock territory."[115] Primus's next studio album Antipop (1999) was co-produced by Fred Durst of the band Limp Bizkit. Durst has cited Primus as a major influence, and he encouraged them to return to the aggressive sound of their earlier material.[116] Mike Wolf of CMJ New Music Monthly called the album "ozzfest funk metal" in his 1999 review, and compared it not only to Limp Bizkit but also Korn.[117] Later in 1999, Primus went on tour with Incubus, another artist who cite them as an influence.[76] The band entered a hiatus the following year, and would not release another full length album until 2011.[118]

Other influential 80s and early 90s acts such as Faith No More, Mr. Bungle[119] and Red Hot Chili Peppers had largely abandoned the sound in favor of other styles by the latter part of the 90s. Faith No More's bassist Billy Gould claimed he was "sick" of the genre as early as 1992,[120] though the band's 1992 album Angel Dust has been described as having some funk metal characteristics.[121] In 1995, he said: "we were perceived as a gimmick: a mixture of metal and funk and we had this pretty-boy singer. We found it really repulsive. We started getting tapes from bands who were heavy metal funk bands and they were saying we were their main influence, it was horrible. Angel Dust was a way for us to stretch our arms out and hold on to our identity, [Mike] Patton cut his hair and changed how he looked."[122] Spin wrote in 1992 that Angel Dust had "slow, scary songs, and not as much funk-metal thrash as the average fan would expect."[123] In 2003, Brad Filicky of CMJ New Music Report claimed that after the success of their previous album The Real Thing (1989), they "grew tired of the trappings and limitations of the genre [so] rather than release that era's equivalent of Significant Other, the band flipped the script entirely and dropped an experimental bombshell on the scene."[124] Faith No More would eventually announce their initial split on April 20, 1998.[125] The band's final two albums in the 1990s, King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime (1995) and Album of the Year (1997), have usually been considered alternative metal albums rather than funk metal albums,[126][127] although Rolling Stone still referred to Faith No More as a funk metal band when announcing their split in April 1998.[125] Red Hot Chili Peppers' 1995 album One Hot Minute was still considered to have elements of their early funk metal/punk-funk sound,[128][129] however, beginning with 1999's Californication, they began heading towards a more mainstream funk-influenced pop rock direction.[130] According to The Washington Post in 1999, acts such as Korn and Limp Bizkit built on the "funk/metal/rap hybrid" of Red Hot Chili Peppers during the four year interval between One Hot Minute and Californication.[131] Anthony Kiedis stated in 2002, "I don't think any of those conservative, ultra-aggro, rap metal bands had the funk influence or punk-rock energy that we had."[132]

The feud between Kiedis and Patton was re-ignited in 1999 when Mr. Bungle's album California was pushed back by their label Warner Bros. Records as not to coincide with the similarly titled Californication, which was to be released on the same day by Warner Bros.[133] Following the album release date conflict, Kiedis had Mr. Bungle removed from a number of European summer festivals that the Red Hot Chili Peppers were set to perform at.[134][135] As a result of the concert removals, Mr. Bungle parodied the Red Hot Chili Peppers on Halloween 1999, in Pontiac, Michigan (the home state of Kiedis). Patton introduced each Mr. Bungle band member with the name of one of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, before covering the songs "Give It Away", "Around the World", "Under the Bridge" and "Scar Tissue", with Patton deliberately using incorrect lyrics, such as "Sometimes I feel like I'm on heroin" and "Sometimes I feel like a fucking junkie" on "Under the Bridge".[136] Patton impersonated Kiedis by wearing a blonde wig, and while pretending to be Kiedis, mockingly said to the crowd: "Don't you call me Mike, my name is Anthony. How dare you make that mistake. Mike has been ripping me off for many years."[136] His bandmates also mocked the heroin overdose death of former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Hillel Slovak.[136] Kiedis heard about the show and responded by having Mr. Bungle removed from the 2000 Big Day Out Festival in Australia.[134] Regarding the concert removals, Mr. Bungle's guitarist Trey Spruance said, "It was pretty weird, having been fans of the first two RHCP albums, realizing that somehow something personal had gone amiss somewhere. So amiss that a decade and a half after we’d liked this now hugely popular band’s music (and hadn't thought much about since), we'd be dealing with the fact that they were unmistakably trying to bury us."[137] Mr. Bungle ceased being active in late 2000.[138] Some of their last shows were with Incubus in 2000 at the SnoCore Tour. By then, Mr. Bungle had stopped playing music from their first album, instead playing their avant-garde/experimental rock songs from Disco Volante (1995) and California.[134] The only song from their first album to be played during the California tour was "My Ass is on Fire", which was re-worked to have electronic elements. In late 2000, Rage Against the Machine also split.[139]

Later years and legacy (2000s onward)

During 2001, Alien Ant Farm released a hugely successful funk metal cover of Michael Jackson's "Smooth Criminal", an electro funk song.[140]

Bands formed in the 2000s and 2010s that have been described as funk metal include Psychostick,[27] Twelve Foot Ninja[141] and Prophets of Rage[142] (a supergroup featuring members of Cypress Hill, Public Enemy and Rage Against the Machine).

In 2016, Vice referred to funk metal as "a mostly-forgotten and occasionally-maligned genre".[74] Trey Spruance mentioned his fondness for the genre in a 2007 interview. When asked if he thought it would make a comeback, he stated "Fuckin' revisionists probably won't think its cool enough... they'll go straight for the flannels and heroin."[143] In 2022, Blabbermouth.net labelled the genre as "absurdly entertaining and considerably more inventive than many of the cross-pollinated subgenres that came later", further adding that "obviously, funk-metal was not built to last and both grunge and nu-metal were far bigger commercial propositions in the years that followed."[144]

Fox News host Greg Gutfeld injected himself into the Kiedis-Patton feud in 2016, calling Red Hot Chili Peppers "the worst band in the universe" and "poor man's Faith No More."[145] In 2020, Mr. Bungle reunited as a thrash metal band, with the band's earlier funk metal material not being performed live.[146]

See also

References

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Bibliography

  • Chick, Stevie (2006). Dimery, Robert (ed.). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Quintet Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7893-1371-5.

May 04, 2023
funk, metal, genre, also, called, punk, funk, dance, punk, also, known, thrash, funk, punk, funk, subgenre, funk, rock, alternative, metal, that, infuses, heavy, metal, music, often, thrash, metal, with, elements, funk, punk, rock, part, alternative, metal, mo. For the genre also called punk funk see dance punk Funk metal also known as thrash funk 7 or punk funk 8 1 2 is a subgenre of funk rock and alternative metal that infuses heavy metal music often thrash metal with elements of funk and punk rock Funk metal was part of the alternative metal movement and has been described as a brief but extremely media hyped stylistic fad 9 Funk metalStylistic originsFunk rockheavy metalalternative metal 1 thrash metal 2 3 Cultural originsMid 1980s United StatesDerivative formsNu metalRegional scenesCalifornia 4 Local scenesSan Francisco California 5 6 Other topicsGroove metal rap metalThe funk metal scene formed in California during the mid 1980s with a group of bands who were initially playing a mix of funk hard rock hip hop and punk and it quickly evolved to include elements of thrash metal 10 11 12 Early bands associated with the style in the 1980s included Faith No More Fishbone and Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as the New York band Living Colour In the early 1990s the genre expanded with the start of bands like Primus Infectious Grooves and Rage Against the Machine Funk metal gained mainstream attention in the late 1980s when Living Colour and Faith No More experienced chart success with their songs Bands including Rage Against the Machine Primus and Red Hot Chili Peppers also achieved success in the early 1990s The genre had an impact on the glam metal and thrash metal scenes and some bands from these genres began adding funk elements to their sound around this time Despite the rise of newer artists such as Incubus the genre was in decline towards the end of the 1990s as bands from the 1980s and early 1990s had begun breaking up or moving towards other sounds Funk metal paved the way for the nu metal movement of the late 1990s early 2000s and was influential to acts such as Korn and Limp Bizkit Contents 1 Characteristics 2 History 2 1 Origins early 1980s 2 2 Popularity late 1980s early 1990s 2 3 Decline mid late 1990s 2 4 Later years and legacy 2000s onward 3 See also 4 References 4 1 BibliographyCharacteristics EditFunk metal has also been called thrash funk or punk funk and was most prevalent in the American state of California particularly in Los Angeles and San Francisco 13 According to AllMusic funk metal takes the loud guitars and riffs of heavy metal and melds them to the popping bass lines and syncopated rhythms of funk 12 They go on to state funk metal evolved in the mid 80s when alternative bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Fishbone began playing the hybrid with a stronger funk underpinning than metal The bands that followed relied more on metal than funk though they retained the wild bass lines 12 Faith No More another Californian alternative group who emerged in the mid 1980s have been described as a funk metal band that also dabbled in rap metal 14 Rage Against the Machine s mix of funk and metal not only included rap but also elements of hardcore 15 AllMusic formerly categorized funk metal as a style of alternative rock in spite of the genre s name The website currently categorizes it as a style of heavy metal 12 Certain bands not from a punk alternative background such as glam metal groups Bang Tango and Extreme have also frequently incorporated funk into their musical style 16 17 Bands such as Primus and Mordred emerged from the thrash metal underground 6 In his book Know Your Enemy The Story of Rage Against the Machine Joel Mclver wrote that funk metal is a slightly clumsy term applied in the late eighties to any rock band whose bass player used a slapping style He goes on to write The best known funk metallers were the Red Hot Chili Peppers who later achieved global success with a more pop oriented approach and Living Colour Other funk metallers ranged from the credible such as Infectious Grooves a side project of crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies to the relatively obscure such as the Dan Reed Network 18 Roy Shuker described the genre in his 1994 book Understanding Popular Music writing the classic distinction between rock and pop runs into some difficulties when we consider various forms of alternative music illustrating the difficulties of forcing genres into too rigid a typology For example where would we place the wild musical genre called thrash funk a fusion of 1970s funk punk rock rap California surf skateboard and hippy cultures which according to press reports swept San Francisco clubs in 1990 19 Shuker wrote about the genre again in the 2005 edition of his book Popular Music The Key Concepts calling it less structured than earlier forms of metal with the bass guitar relied on more than the lead 20 The genre managed to gain some international popularity through foreign acts such as British groups Atom Seed 21 and Scat Opera as well as Super Junky Monkey an all female funk metal avant garde band from Japan 22 23 Although never breaking through in the United States Swedish band Electric Boys attracted recognition throughout Europe 6 24 with AllMusic calling them one of the most celebrated purveyors of the short lived funk metal phenomenon 24 Funk metal s prevalence in the late 1980s and 1990 91 predated the rise of grunge music in late 1991 which hurt the popularity of more traditional forms of hard rock metal 18 In a January 1991 Spin article Electric Boys singer Conny Bloom claimed funk metal had become a trend since people thought other hard rock of that era was boring 6 History EditOrigins early 1980s Edit Funk metal band Faith No More The roots of funk metal can be traced back to the Atlanta band Mother s Finest In the late 70 s they were already trying to make the leap from the classic funk rock of their Epic Records label to a more powerful sound as can be heard in the song Hard Rock Lover which features a heavier rhythm section made up of bassist Jerry Wizzard Seay and drummer B B Queen Borden It would be in 1981 when they could finally make the complete transition in their album Iron Age an authentic mixture of heavy rock and funk that establishes the elements of origin for funk metal The decision to take that direction towards heavy metal had some consequences such as the departure of keyboardist Michael Keck who could not find a place in that new sound 25 The album was produced by Jeff Glixman who also worked with bands like Black Sabbath for whom Mother s Finest opened for on their Technical Ecstasy Tour Saxon Magnum or Kansas According to Alex Henderson of AllMusic with the right promotion Iron Age could have made MF a big hit with the Quiet Riot Judas Priest Scorpions crowd but the album was a commercial flop instead of the big commercial breakthrough that it should have been 26 The self titled 1984 debut album from Los Angeles band Red Hot Chili Peppers has been cited by some as the first truly funk metal or punk funk release 27 Unlike with earlier funk rock albums from the 1970s and the early 1980s it included elements of both punk and hip hop 28 At that point the band were already signed to the major label Capitol Records Faith No More released their independent debut We Care a Lot the following year Like with the Red Hot Chili Peppers debut it also mixed funk hip hop and punk music 10 While Faith No More originated from San Francisco s punk scene of the early 1980s their guitarist Jim Martin was connected to the city s thrash metal scene adding heavier influences to the band s sound According to Louder Sound Faith No More Fishbone and Red Hot Chili Peppers pre dated the funk metal gold rush of the very late 1980s and early 1990s when major labels began signing bands associated with the sound 29 In 1988 Neil Perry of Sounds Magazine referred to Faith No More s 1987 major label debut Introduce Yourself as a breathtaking harmonisation of molten metal guitar deadly dance rhythms and poignant pointed lyrics 30 On the Red Hot Chili Peppers album The Uplift Mofo Party Plan released the same year guitarist Hillel Slovak started to experiment with sounds other than punk rock hard rock including thrash metal 31 During late 1987 Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers toured together in support of these two albums 32 33 34 Martin recalled We were travelling in a box van with no windows We drove all the way to the east coast for the first show Flea asked me if we liked to smoke weed I said Yes and he said We re going to get along just fine We did something like 52 dates in 56 days 35 Faith No More subsequently went on a solo tour of the United Kingdom in 1988 Following this tour their singer Chuck Mosley who is of African American origin was fired due to his increasingly erratic behavior 35 New York band Living Colour who entered the mainstream during the late 1980s were named by Rolling Stone as black funk metal pioneers 36 Ska influenced Los Angeles band Fishbone are also noted for being an all black group They had ties with the Red Hot Chili Peppers and have been labelled as early leaders of the funk metal punk funk movement 8 The band got signed to the major label Columbia Records in 1983 releasing several albums through them but never had a significant hit song 8 37 Entertainment Weekly noted in a May 1991 article that despite the rise of black rockers like Living Colour the American funk metal scene is predominantly white 38 Many reviewers often cited Living Colour as having been a band that were directly inspired by the Red Hot Chili Peppers The vocalist of the Red Hot Chili Peppers Anthony Kiedis played down similarities between the two bands He stated at the time Living Colour to me sounds nothing like Red Hot Chili Peppers But I have to deal with this on a daily basis Wow Living Colour s really biting your style Y ever see the guy on stage He moves just like you 39 The A V Club later wrote in 2013 that Living Colour was boundary breaking and yet the group was given more boundaries right out of the gate As funk metal like that of Faith No More solidified into a subgenre with set rules and sounds the last thing Living Colour wanted was to be called funk metal 40 Primus a band with thrash metal origins formed in the mid 1980s has been widely described as funk metal though they have also crossed many other genres and bandleader bassist Les Claypool dislikes the categorization 41 42 After getting signed to Interscope Records Claypool remarked in 1991 We ve been lumped in with the funk metal thing just about everywhere I guess people just have to categorise you 43 Claypool has mentioned being inspired by The Uplift Mofo Party Plan comparing it to Led Zeppelin 44 Popularity late 1980s early 1990s Edit Les Claypool of Primus The success of Faith No More s 1989 song Epic helped heighten interest in the genre 45 27 Funk metal band Living Colour also achieved mainstream success with their song Cult of Personality which was a very popular hit and frequently played on MTV helping the band s album Vivid go double platinum 46 In the wake of Living Colour s success another all black funk metal band from New York called 24 7 Spyz gained popularity 47 48 Anthony Kiedis later claimed Faith No More s new singer Mike Patton had stolen his style specifically in Epic and its popular music video 49 He said I watched their Epic video and I see him jumping up and down rapping and it looked like I was looking in a mirror 49 Since the Red Hot Chili Peppers had not yet broken outside of America he believed European audiences would view him as being an imitator of Patton 49 The LA Weekly state Faith No More then led by vocalist Chuck Mosley before Patton joined the band used to open for the similarly progressive Peppers just as the funk metal scene was gaining momentum By 1989 as both bands were getting exceedingly popular they both landed European tours with Faith No More s scheduled to begin a few months before RHCP s This wasn t an issue until Kiedis saw the video for FNM s Epic 50 In an interview with Kerrang Kiedis further said what a drag if people get the idea that I m actually ripping him off Especially in the UK where FNM is much better known than us In America it s a different story people are aware of the profound influence we had on them 51 He also threatened to kidnap Patton shave his hair off and cut off one of his feet just so he ll be forced to find a style of his own 52 Faith No More s keyboardist Roddy Bottum responded to Kiedis by saying in an interview to me our band sounds nothing like Red Hot Chili Peppers If you re talking about long hair rapping with his shirt off then yeah I can see similarities I haven t talked to them since this whole thing started 53 Patton addressed Kiedis allegations in 1990 by saying to Faces Magazine that it just kind of came out of the blue It doesn t bother me a bit I got a real big kick out of it to tell you the truth I mean if he s gonna talk about me in interviews that s fine it s free press Either he s feeling inadequate or old or I don t know but I have no reason to talk shit about him 54 Kiedis and Patton were thought to have gotten on good terms with each other after face to face encounters in the 1990s although the feud would eventually continue into the late 1990s and early 2000s with Patton s other funk metal band Mr Bungle who were heavily inspired by the Red Hot Chili Peppers in their early days 49 The funk metal movement had reached a critical and commercial peak in 1991 with albums such as Blood Sugar Sex Magik by Red Hot Chili Peppers Sailing the Seas of Cheese by Primus and Mr Bungle s self titled debut attaining acclaim from the music press 4 Blood Sugar Sex Magik eventually went 7 platinum in the United States 55 Mark Jenkins of The Washington Post claimed in a 1991 article that much of it sounds like art rock 4 Mr Bungle initially began as a death metal band in Eureka California with their 1986 demo The Raging Wrath of the Easter Bunny On their subsequent 1980s demos Bowel of Chiley Goddamnit I Love America and OU818 they shifted to a ska influenced funk metal sound 56 They signed to Warner Bros Records in 1990 on the back of singer Mike Patton s success with Faith No More and by then had started mixing their ska funk metal style with avant garde sounds 57 Their 1991 debut on Warner Bros has been labelled as funk metal madness 58 and an irresistibly vulgar fusion of jazz funk metal and a great wealth of other things 58 Regarding Mr Bungle s evolution during the 1980s and early 1990s guitarist Trey Spruance said we were interested in Slayer and Mercyful Fate Later it was The Specials and Fishbone Then we moved to San Francisco and got all sophisticated Now we are improv snobs who rule the avant garde universe by night and poor fucked up hipsters by day 59 Spruance has mentioned the first two Red Hot Chili Peppers albums as an influence with Mr Bungle even covering their song Baby Appeal at a high school talent show 60 However bassist Trevor Dunn has since claimed that he wasn t as big a fan of them as other members in the band were saying I was way more into Fishbone and Bad Manners back in the day 61 In January 1991 Spin observed that major labels were seeking out bands with a thrash funk or funk metal sound and commented all of a sudden there s a virtual army of funk metal bands primarily centered in the San Francisco Bay Area They range from thrashers who lend an occasional funk edge to some of their material Mordred and Death Angel to straight out funkers Primus Psychefunkapus and Limbomaniacs to those who defy categorization Faith No More 6 Spin considered Limbomaniacs to be the most rap oriented of the bands in the Bay Area scene 6 Rage Against the Machine performing in 2007 The funk metal bands formed in the San Francisco Bay Area were influenced by the earlier punk oriented Los Angeles bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers and Fishbone and there would be interaction between bands from both cities 2 Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith recalled in 2014 that the Red Hot Chili Peppers used to play with Primus I remember when we would come up to the Bay Area especially in the late 80s they were a really popular band up there People would say Oh Primus is like the Bay Area Chili Peppers You ve got to hear them Smith added that obviously they were doing their own thing it was quirky and people just loved them You could tell they had a real loyal rabid fanbase real fans that really dug what they were into 2 According to Steev Esquivel of the band Skinlab the prevalence of funk metal around this time hurt the popularity of thrash metal music in the San Francisco Bay Area He said Primus and Faith No More came in and shut down the metal scene single handedly and that bands such as these attracted a large female demographic that had previously followed thrash metal 62 John Joseph who left crossover thrash band Cro Mags to form funk metal band Both Worlds told Spin in 1991 that funk is fun music to play and it s good to see girls having a good time up front not just dudes with spikes on their arms 6 The New Jersey band Mind Funk signed to Epic Records in 1990 shortly after forming with Spin describing their sound as mixing metal s wall of sound guitar firepower and funk rhymes 6 At first they were widely associated with the movement as a result of their name although they have also since come to be associated with the grunge and stoner rock genres Vocalist Pat Dubar distanced Mind Funk from the more funk oriented bands in the movement saying in 1991 that everyone s jumping on that bandwagon We may have funky parts in our songs but as far as playing straight funk forget it We couldn t do it as well as the guys who originated it We take a lot of different elements from rap to the Doors and jazz and mix them together 6 Los Angeles band Rage Against the Machine signed to Epic Records in 1991 the year that they formed and achieved mainstream fame in the 1990s with their albums going multi platinum 63 64 Infectious Grooves another Los Angeles band also signed to Epic Records at the beginning of the 1990s Infectious Grooves included vocalist Mike Muir and bassist Robert Trujillo both of Suicidal Tendencies a hardcore crossover thrash band Suicidal Tendencies themselves had signed to Epic in the late 1980s and already begun adding funk metal elements to their music on 1990 s Lights Camera Revolution 65 The drummer for Infectious Grooves was Stephen Perkins of Jane s Addiction a band from the same scene as the Red Hot Chili Peppers who occasionally delved into funk metal 66 67 Muir gave Infectious Grooves equal status as Suicidal Tendencies and the two bands often toured together necessitating an exhausting two sets per night for Muir and Trujillo 66 They released three albums through Epic in the 1990s The Plague That Makes Your Booty Move It s the Infectious Grooves 1991 Sarsippius Ark 1993 and Groove Family Cyco 1994 Groove Family Cyco included a diss track towards Rage Against the Machine called Do What I Tell Ya The feud with Rage Against the Machine originated after their guitarist Tom Morello began speaking negatively about Suicidal Tendencies in public leading Muir to point out the irony of Morello s band preaching anti corporate values in their lyrics while being signed to Epic Records 68 Neg Raggett of AllMusic claims that by 1992 oodles of mostly horribly bad funk metal acts were following in Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers footsteps 69 In an interview from around this time Flea spoke negatively about derivative acts that were inspired by Faith No More and Red Hot Chili Peppers After a writer compared Red Hot Chili Peppers to the new funk metal band Ugly Kid Joe he said I just know where their music is coming from copping us copping Faith No More copping Pop Rock Band No 17B We re coming from listening to Miles Davis Ornette Coleman Defunkt Funkadelic the Meters James Brown the real shit And it s coming from jamming and playing billions of hours of shit that no one will hear 70 Guitar virtuoso Buckethead began releasing albums through avant garde labels in the early 1990s and many of them have been associated with funk metal 71 Additionally Buckethead was in the experimental band Praxis with veteran funk musician Bootsy Collins and former Limbomaniacs drummer Brain who later joined Primus Their music has also been associated with funk metal particularly their 1992 debut Transmutation Mutatis Mutandis 72 Decline mid late 1990s Edit By the latter part of the 1990s funk metal was represented by a smaller group of bands including Incubus Sugar Ray Jimmie s Chicken Shack and 311 12 73 74 Incubus formed in 1991 at the height of the genre s popularity and they were inspired by funk metal bands Vocalist Brandon Boyd has mentioned being a fan of Mr Bungle s debut when it was first released 75 and has also said Primus was one of those bands that myself Jose from our band Mikey from our band the three of us fully bonded over them We would just crank their music in the car outdoors 76 Their 1997 major label debut album S C I E N C E has been labelled a weed and mushrooms influenced funk metal freakout 77 unlike with the band s prior releases Fungus Amongus 1995 and Enjoy Incubus 1997 it further incorporated elements of electronica into funk metal 78 Guitarist Mike Einziger said in 1997 that the band had set out to record an album that sounded like weird science and energetic funk 79 At the time they garnered heavy comparisons to Faith No More Red Hot Chili Peppers and Primus with critics noting similarities between the voices of singer Brandon Boyd and Mike Patton 80 81 82 Some of the band s later releases still retained elements of funk but they were viewed as being more musically straightforward than before 83 In November 2001 Amy Sciarretto of CMJ New Music Report claimed that Incubus was poised to be hard rock s bastard child of Faith No More and Primus thanks to its resident hottie Brandon Boyd s easy on the ears emulation of Mike Patton and Dirk Lance s bass thwapping But between 1997 s S C I E N C E and 1999 s Make Yourself the album that broke Incubus at rock radio the band took a stylistic turn 81 Initially beginning as a hardcore punk band in the 1980s Sugar Ray s first two major label releases Lemonade and Brownies 1995 and Floored 1997 have been associated with funk metal but later releases completely abandoned the sound of these albums in favor of a pop rock approach 84 85 86 Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic says that after the success of their 1997 single Fly they no longer tried to ape the Red Hot Chili Peppers 87 Bands from genres such as nu metal Korn Primer 55 88 89 90 pop punk Zebrahead 91 and comedy rock Bloodhound Gang 92 93 incorporated elements of funk metal into their sound during the late 1990s and early 2000s Snot s first and only full length release Get Some 1997 has been described by critics as not only a funk metal album 94 but also as a hardcore punk album and an early nu metal album 94 95 96 Korn who are often credited with popularizing the nu metal sound on their 1994 debut have named Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers as their two biggest musical influences 97 98 in addition to also citing 24 7 Spyz Fishbone Living Colour Mr Bungle Primus and Rage Against the Machine as influences 99 100 101 AllMusic consider their debut to be building on the funk metal innovations of the late 80s early 90s instead of merely replicating them 102 Some of the members of Korn were formerly in a funk metal band called L A P D who formed in 1989 and released their sole album Who s Laughing in 1992 103 Guitarist James Munky Shaffer has still considered Korn to be funk metal saying in 2014 Korn began as and has remained a funk metal band 98 Their vocalist Jonathan Davis said in 2015 I always thought of us as a funk band that funky groovy shit When they came out with that nu metal shit like I ve always been fighting that shit 104 The term nu metal was not yet in usage when albums such as Get Some were first released Nu metal is generally considered to have entered the mainstream with Korn s 1998 album Follow the Leader and the label was being used by the early 2000s 105 106 Critics have occasionally categorized Korn s work as funk metal even after the nu metal label became prevalent Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic described Korn s breakthrough 1997 single A D I D A S as a kinetic funk metal track in his retrospective review 107 While the more well known work of Papa Roach has been described as nu metal vocalist Jacoby Shaddix has noted that the band s independent releases from 1994 1997 had a more funk metal sound He reflected if we go back and listen to the first P Roach recordings we sound like a cross between Mr Bungle Red Hot Chili Peppers and Primus You know that whole 90s scene that was funky and freaky I even wore panty hose on my head 108 Mega Kung Fu Radio the 1997 major label debut of Powerman 5000 showcased an aggressive form of funk metal 109 110 which the band themselves branded as action rock 111 110 All subsequent releases from Powerman 5000 moved towards an industrial metal industrial rock sound AllMusic suggests that funk metal was played out by the end of the decade 73 After the release of Sailing the Seas of Cheese in 1991 Primus s subsequent albums started to delve into more experimental sounds while still retaining a prominent funk influence 112 Les Claypool claimed that Primus s 1997 album Brown Album was a return to the aggressive sound of their earlier material 113 although critics labelled it as flat sounding 114 and as moving even further into progressive and jazz rock territory 115 Primus s next studio album Antipop 1999 was co produced by Fred Durst of the band Limp Bizkit Durst has cited Primus as a major influence and he encouraged them to return to the aggressive sound of their earlier material 116 Mike Wolf of CMJ New Music Monthly called the album ozzfest funk metal in his 1999 review and compared it not only to Limp Bizkit but also Korn 117 Later in 1999 Primus went on tour with Incubus another artist who cite them as an influence 76 The band entered a hiatus the following year and would not release another full length album until 2011 118 Other influential 80s and early 90s acts such as Faith No More Mr Bungle 119 and Red Hot Chili Peppers had largely abandoned the sound in favor of other styles by the latter part of the 90s Faith No More s bassist Billy Gould claimed he was sick of the genre as early as 1992 120 though the band s 1992 album Angel Dust has been described as having some funk metal characteristics 121 In 1995 he said we were perceived as a gimmick a mixture of metal and funk and we had this pretty boy singer We found it really repulsive We started getting tapes from bands who were heavy metal funk bands and they were saying we were their main influence it was horrible Angel Dust was a way for us to stretch our arms out and hold on to our identity Mike Patton cut his hair and changed how he looked 122 Spin wrote in 1992 that Angel Dust had slow scary songs and not as much funk metal thrash as the average fan would expect 123 In 2003 Brad Filicky of CMJ New Music Report claimed that after the success of their previous album The Real Thing 1989 they grew tired of the trappings and limitations of the genre so rather than release that era s equivalent of Significant Other the band flipped the script entirely and dropped an experimental bombshell on the scene 124 Faith No More would eventually announce their initial split on April 20 1998 125 The band s final two albums in the 1990s King for a Day Fool for a Lifetime 1995 and Album of the Year 1997 have usually been considered alternative metal albums rather than funk metal albums 126 127 although Rolling Stone still referred to Faith No More as a funk metal band when announcing their split in April 1998 125 Red Hot Chili Peppers 1995 album One Hot Minute was still considered to have elements of their early funk metal punk funk sound 128 129 however beginning with 1999 s Californication they began heading towards a more mainstream funk influenced pop rock direction 130 According to The Washington Post in 1999 acts such as Korn and Limp Bizkit built on the funk metal rap hybrid of Red Hot Chili Peppers during the four year interval between One Hot Minute and Californication 131 Anthony Kiedis stated in 2002 I don t think any of those conservative ultra aggro rap metal bands had the funk influence or punk rock energy that we had 132 The feud between Kiedis and Patton was re ignited in 1999 when Mr Bungle s album California was pushed back by their label Warner Bros Records as not to coincide with the similarly titled Californication which was to be released on the same day by Warner Bros 133 Following the album release date conflict Kiedis had Mr Bungle removed from a number of European summer festivals that the Red Hot Chili Peppers were set to perform at 134 135 As a result of the concert removals Mr Bungle parodied the Red Hot Chili Peppers on Halloween 1999 in Pontiac Michigan the home state of Kiedis Patton introduced each Mr Bungle band member with the name of one of the Red Hot Chili Peppers before covering the songs Give It Away Around the World Under the Bridge and Scar Tissue with Patton deliberately using incorrect lyrics such as Sometimes I feel like I m on heroin and Sometimes I feel like a fucking junkie on Under the Bridge 136 Patton impersonated Kiedis by wearing a blonde wig and while pretending to be Kiedis mockingly said to the crowd Don t you call me Mike my name is Anthony How dare you make that mistake Mike has been ripping me off for many years 136 His bandmates also mocked the heroin overdose death of former Red Hot Chili Peppers guitarist Hillel Slovak 136 Kiedis heard about the show and responded by having Mr Bungle removed from the 2000 Big Day Out Festival in Australia 134 Regarding the concert removals Mr Bungle s guitarist Trey Spruance said It was pretty weird having been fans of the first two RHCP albums realizing that somehow something personal had gone amiss somewhere So amiss that a decade and a half after we d liked this now hugely popular band s music and hadn t thought much about since we d be dealing with the fact that they were unmistakably trying to bury us 137 Mr Bungle ceased being active in late 2000 138 Some of their last shows were with Incubus in 2000 at the SnoCore Tour By then Mr Bungle had stopped playing music from their first album instead playing their avant garde experimental rock songs from Disco Volante 1995 and California 134 The only song from their first album to be played during the California tour was My Ass is on Fire which was re worked to have electronic elements In late 2000 Rage Against the Machine also split 139 Later years and legacy 2000s onward Edit During 2001 Alien Ant Farm released a hugely successful funk metal cover of Michael Jackson s Smooth Criminal an electro funk song 140 Bands formed in the 2000s and 2010s that have been described as funk metal include Psychostick 27 Twelve Foot Ninja 141 and Prophets of Rage 142 a supergroup featuring members of Cypress Hill Public Enemy and Rage Against the Machine In 2016 Vice referred to funk metal as a mostly forgotten and occasionally maligned genre 74 Trey Spruance mentioned his fondness for the genre in a 2007 interview When asked if he thought it would make a comeback he stated Fuckin revisionists probably won t think its cool enough they ll go straight for the flannels and heroin 143 In 2022 Blabbermouth net labelled the genre as absurdly entertaining and considerably more inventive than many of the cross pollinated subgenres that came later further adding that obviously funk metal was not built to last and both grunge and nu metal were far bigger commercial propositions in the years that followed 144 Fox News host Greg Gutfeld injected himself into the Kiedis Patton feud in 2016 calling Red Hot Chili Peppers the worst band in the universe and poor man s Faith No More 145 In 2020 Mr Bungle reunited as a thrash metal band with the band s earlier funk metal material not being performed live 146 See also EditGroove metal Rap metal List of funk metal and funk rock bandsReferences Edit a b Smith Chris 2009 101 Albums that Changed Popular Music Oxford University Press p 217 ISBN 9780195373714 a b c d Prato Greg September 16 2014 Primus Over the Electric Grapevine Insight into Primus and the World of Les Claypool Akashic Books ISBN 978 1 61775 322 0 Stevens Anne O Donnell Molly 2020 The Microgenre A Quick Look at Small Culture Bloomsbury Publishing p 167 ISBN 9781501345838 Retrieved June 28 2022 Funk metal late 1980s employs the distinctive sound of funk conventional riffing is similar to 1980s thrash metal Red Hot Chili Peppers Living Colour Primus and Rage Against the Machine a b c Jenkins Mark October 27 1991 California s Funk Metalists Putting on Airs The Washington Post Archived from the original on July 2 2018 Retrieved September 8 2021 Potter Valerie July 1991 Primus Nice and Cheesy Hot Metal Sydney Australia 29 a b c d e f g h i Darzin Daina Spencer Lauren January 1991 The Thrash Funk scene proudly presents Primus Spin 6 10 39 Dunham Elisabeth Roll Over Manilow Thrash funk is here Lawrence Journal World Retrieved November 16 2012 a b c ShieldSquare Captcha www songfacts com Mordred Biography Albums Streaming Links AllMusic Retrieved January 31 2017 a b Pratopublished Greg April 28 2014 The Story Behind The Song We Care A Lot by Faith No More loudersound Calia Michael August 16 2016 Listen to a New Mix of the Original We Care a Lot From Faith No More Exclusive Wall Street Journal via www wsj com a b c d e Funk Metal AllMusic Retrieved February 1 2012 Faith No More Albums From Worst To Best June 4 2015 Rap Metal Retrieved February 1 2012 The Battle of Los Angeles Rolling Stone November 1 2003 Archived from the original on April 14 2010 Retrieved February 1 2012 Prato Greg Bango Tango gt Overview Retrieved February 3 2012 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Extreme gt Biography Retrieved February 3 2012 a b McIver Joel 2014 Know Your Enemy The Story of Rage Against the Machine Omnibus Press ISBN 9781783230341 Shuker Roy 1994 Understanding Popular Music Routledge p 6 ISBN 9780415107228 Retrieved July 1 2022 Shuker Roy 2005 Popular Music The Key Concepts Taylor amp Francis p 134 ISBN 9781134277445 Retrieved July 1 2022 June 2021 Dave Everley29 June 29 2021 10 funk metal bands that time forgot Metal Hammer Magazine MacDonals Heidi September 1996 Super Junky Monkey Parasitic People TriStar CMJ New Music Monthly 37 13 ISSN 1074 6978 McClure Steve December 2 1995 TriStar Act Up To Monkey Business Billboard Vol 107 no 48 Nielsen Business Media p 103 ISSN 0006 2510 a b Electric Boys Albums and Discography AllMusic Galloway A Scott 2017 Mother s Finest Love Changes The Anthology 1972 1983 SoulMusic Records via Mother s Finest Website Mother s Finest Iron Age Album Reviews Songs amp More AllMusic via www allmusic com a b c Haire Chris Psychostick returns funk metal to its silly roots Charleston City Paper Why the Red Hot Chili Peppers debut album is their weirdest faroutmagazine co uk August 10 2021 Everleypublished Dave June 29 2021 10 funk metal bands that time forgot loudersound FAITH NO MORE 23 01 1988 Sounds Retrieved January 17 2017 Kiedis Sloman 2004 p 204 Apter Jeff December 15 2009 Fornication The Red Hot Chili Peppers Story Omnibus Press ISBN 978 0 85712 065 6 Bowie Andrew 1987 Faith No More Shows Faith No More Gig Database Retrieved November 14 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link 1987 Red Hot Chili Peppers Shows Red Hot Chili Peppers Live Archive Retrieved November 14 2021 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Faith No More The Real Story April 22 2014 Retrieved January 17 2017 Fricke David November 13 2003 Living Colour Collideoscope Music Reviews Rolling Stone Archived from the original on April 12 2009 Retrieved February 1 2012 Never found in the 80s Fishbone Genre blending rock Entertainment Weekly May 24 1991 Apter Jeff 2009 Fornication The Red Hot Chili Peppers Story The Red Hot Chili Peppers Story Omnibus Press One of Living Colour s hits illustrates an era in transition The A V Club July 9 2013 Gore Joe August 1991 New Rage The Funky from Guitar Player Retrieved February 1 2012 Hart Josh June 6 2011 Primus Set To Release New Album Green Naugahyde This September Guitar World Potter Valerie July 1991 Primus Nice and Cheesy Hot Metal 29 Les Claypool Says Hillel Slovak Era Red Hot Chili Peppers Were Like Led Zeppelin AlternativeNation net archive alternativenation net Archived from the original on October 23 2017 Retrieved December 11 2017 MIKE PATTON Doesn t Rule Out FAITH NO MORE Reunion BLABBERMOUTH NET January 19 2008 Prato Greg Living Colour AllMusic Retrieved September 26 2021 24 7 Spyz Biography Songs amp Albums AllMusic 10 funk metal bands that time forgot June 29 2021 a b c d Bogosian Dan 2020 Red Hot Chili Peppers FAQ All That s Left to Know About the World s Best Selling Alternative Band Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 9781493051427 Retrieved June 7 2020 Do Faith No More and the Red Hot Chili Peppers Still Hate Each Other LA Weekly April 21 2015 Retrieved July 19 2020 The Story Of The Rivalry Between Anthony Kiedis And Faith No More s Mike Patton Rock Celebrities July 10 2021 Bogosian Dan 2020 Red Hot Chili Peppers FAQ All That s Left to Know About the World s Best Selling Alternative Band Rowman amp Littlefield p 13 ISBN 9781493051427 Retrieved June 28 2022 Kerrang magazine August 1990 FAITH NO MORE VS RED HOT CHILI PEPPERS faithnomorefollowers com Retrieved February 11 2017 American album certifications Red Hot Chili Peppers Blood Sugar Sex Magik Recording Industry Association of America Mr Bungle Biography Mr Bungle Biography Songs amp Albums AllMusic Retrieved June 30 2022 GOLDSTEIN PATRICK February 3 1991 Warner Records Stays Faithful to Mike Patton s Bungle Articles latimes com Retrieved January 21 2017 a b Maltz Aaron June 13 2019 Brilliant Madness Mr Bungle s Ever Wild California Turns 20 Invisible Oranges Archived from the original on June 14 2019 Retrieved June 30 2022 Archived copy Archived from the original on July 27 2017 Retrieved February 22 2017 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Bister Mungle Mr Bungle Eureka High School Talent Show 1985 Full Show via www youtube com Trevordunn net Archived from the original on November 19 2017 Retrieved June 29 2022 Steev Esquivel Skinlab Re Ignition Dedvolt The Ex Man with Doc Coyle Poddtoppen se Retrieved March 6 2022 The Making of Rage Against the Machine s Self Titled Album Yeung Neil Z Rage Against the Machine AllMusic Retrieved September 26 2021 Popdose Flashback 90 Suicidal Tendencies Lights Camera Revolution July 13 2010 a b Infectious Grooves Biography Songs amp Albums AllMusic Taufiqurrahman M July 1 2007 Still Shocking The Jakarta Post Archived from the original on October 29 2015 Sunday Old School Infectious Grooves in Metal News Metal Underground com Retrieved August 28 2022 Faith No More Angel Dust Album Reviews Songs amp More AllMusic via www allmusic com King Tom Red Hot chilli Peppers Uncensored on the Record Coda Books Ltd ISBN 9781781580196 Retrieved July 2 2022 Buckethead Albums and Discography AllMusic Praxis Profanation Preparation For a Coming Darkness Blurt February 3 2011 Retrieved March 3 2014 a b Bring Your Own Stereo Jimmie s Chicken Shack Songs Reviews Credits AllMusic AllMusic Retrieved June 16 2017 a b How Bad Brains Created the Best Funk Metal Album 30 Years Ago VICE Retrieved January 5 2017 Brandon Boyd of Incubus Jeff Buckley to me was my first experience of a Western male singer Music News com a b Brandon Boyd Fan First Incubus Origin Story 1991 Turning Point Lucid Dreams New Solo Music via www youtube com Incubus Celebrates 20 Years of Make Yourself at the Greek in L A Recap www rockcellarmagazine com The Rough Guide to Rock Rough Guides 2003 ISBN 9781843531050 Incu Bio manduhinc tripod com Inc CMJ Network September 8 1997 CMJ New Music Report CMJ Network Inc via Google Books a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help a b Inc CMJ Network November 19 2001 CMJ New Music Report CMJ Network Inc via Google Books a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a last has generic name help Incubus blinds listeners with S C I E N C E The Lantern August 2 1998 Huey Steve Make Yourself Incubus AllMusic Retrieved October 1 2015 Sweet Success A less hard edged Sugar Ray possibly the ultimate populist rock band of the moment revels in its breezy fun new attitude Los Angeles Times March 22 1999 Giantino Linda November 19 2021 The 10 Best Sugar Ray Songs of All Time Sugar Ray In the Pursuit of Leisure Album Reviews Songs amp More AllMusic via www allmusic com Sugar Ray Sugar Ray Album Reviews Songs amp More AllMusic via www allmusic com Ape Culture Ozzfest 2000 www apeculture com Primer 55 Biography Albums Streaming Links AllMusic AllMusic Retrieved June 16 2017 Korn Korn Songs Reviews Credits AllMusic AllMusic Retrieved June 16 2017 Zebrahead Biography Albums Streaming Links AllMusic AllMusic Retrieved June 16 2017 Album Review Hard Off by Bloodhound Gang February 24 2016 Retrieved June 17 2017 Bloodhound Gang Biography Albums Streaming Links AllMusic AllMusic Retrieved June 17 2017 a b Snot Biography Albums Streaming Links AllMusic AllMusic Retrieved June 16 2017 1998 Remembering Snot and the untimely death of Lynn Strait Metal Hammer July 20 2017 Retrieved February 7 2018 The 50 best nu metal albums of all time April 2022 Deftones White Pony Album Review Pitchfork Pitchfork com Retrieved July 27 2020 a b Osborn Dave April 22 2014 In The 239 Korn to bring funk metal sound to Fort Rock Archive naplesnews com Retrieved July 1 2022 Guitar World January 1997 10 Essential Korn Songs June 15 2019 Korn s James Munky Shaffer Under the Influence The Skinny Retrieved January 3 2017 Korn Korn Album Reviews Songs amp More AllMusic via www allmusic com L A P D Songs Albums Reviews Bio amp More AllMusic Rank Your Records Korn s Jonathan Davis Rates the Band s 11 Albums www vice com Ian Scott I m the Man The Story of That Guy from Anthrax Hachette UK Korn s Follow The Leader the chaos and carnage of nu metal s first blockbuster album loudersound December 5 2018 Korn A D I D A S Album Reviews Songs amp More AllMusic via www allmusic com Papa Roach Our First Releases Were Embarrassing www ultimate guitar com Saliva Powerman 5000 Lead Nu Metal Revival Tour Loudwire a b Bode Gus Mega Kung Fu Radio Dailyegyptian com Retrieved July 19 2020 Powerman 5000 is no good at all ocolly com Primus Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People Album Reviews Songs amp More AllMusic via www allmusic com Interview with Primus taken from BAM 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Funk Metal Feud Boston Hassle Archived from the original on July 4 2020 Retrieved July 31 2020 It was the late 80 s and funk metal had reached its apex in popular music There were two undisputed titan s in the field The Red Hot Chili Peppers led by Anthony Kiedis and Faith No More fronted by Mike Patton a b c Mr Bungle Frequently Asked Questions www bunglefever com Retrieved August 6 2017 Canak Danny July 2 2003 Bungle No More Mike Patton Interview Absolut Metal Retrieved May 5 2007 a b c Mr Bungle Clutch Cargo s Pontiac MI USA 1999 via www youtube com TREY SPRUANCE HALLOWEEN INTERVIEW Retrieved July 16 2020 In Press Article Bungled Bungle Bunglefever com Retrieved June 29 2022 Simon Young October 18 2016 Louder Than Bombs What Really Happened When Zack de la Rocha Quit RATM loudersound MacKenzie Wilson Alien Ant Farm AllMusic Retrieved November 23 2015 LIVE REVIEW TWELVE FOOT NINJA at The Miami Shark Bar 16th Feb 2017 February 18 2017 Retrieved January 24 2018 Espinoza Russ With Debut LP Prophets Of Rage Strive To Be Soundtrack For The Resistance Forbes Retrieved January 24 2018 Trey Spruance interview Markprindle com Retrieved January 5 2017 Head First BLABBERMOUTH NET May 24 2022 Stutz Colin August 23 2016 Fox News Calls Red Hot Chili Peppers Worst Band on the Planet Billboard Review Mr Bungle Astound and Antagonize at First Show in Nearly 20 Years Revolver February 6 2020 Bibliography Edit Chick Stevie 2006 Dimery Robert ed 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die Quintet Publishing Limited ISBN 0 7893 1371 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Funk metal amp oldid 1148339198, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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