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Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act

April 10, 2024

"HB2" redirects here. For the Texas law also called HB2, see Texas House Bill 2.

The Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act, commonly known as House Bill 2 or HB2, was a North Carolina statute passed in March 2016 and signed into law by Governor Pat McCrory. The bill amended state law to preempt any anti-discrimination ordinances passed by local communities and, controversially, compelled schools and state and local government facilities containing single-gender bathrooms to only allow people of the corresponding sex as listed on their birth certificate to use them; it also gave the state exclusive rights to determine the minimum wage.[1]

Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act
North Carolina
  • An Act to Provide for Single-sex Multiple Occupancy Bathroom and Changing Facilities in Schools and Public Agencies and to Create Statewide Consistency in Regulation of Employment and Public Accommodations
PassedMarch 23, 2016
Summary
Preempts local anti-discrimination laws and minimum wages in favor of state law. Compelled schools and public facilities to restrict use of gender-segregated washrooms to users with the corresponding sex listed on their birth certificates.
Status: Repealed

The bathroom portion of the bill generated immense criticism for preventing transgender people who did not or could not alter their birth certificates from using the restroom consistent with their gender identity[2] (at the time in North Carolina, only people who undergo sex reassignment surgery could change the sex on their birth certificates, and outside jurisdictions have different rules, some more restrictive),[3] and for changing the definition of sex in the state's anti-discrimination law to "the physical condition of being male or female, which is stated on a person's birth certificate."[4][5][6] The removal of municipal anti-discrimination protections was also criticized, as state-level protections do not explicitly cover discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.[7][8][9] Opponents of the bill described it as the most anti-LGBT legislation in the United States,[10][11] while proponents of HB2 called it "common sense" legislation.[12][13]

HB2 was met with widespread protests: state, county and city governments across the United States forbade their employees from non-essential travel to North Carolina; numerous corporations and firms curbed plans to hold events and create jobs in the state, and many performers canceled performances in North Carolina to boycott the state; North Carolina's economy lost over $400 million in investments and jobs. The bill was also criticized by several religious organizations, and President Barack Obama denounced it and called for its repeal. McCrory ultimately lost his bid for re-election in 2016 to Democratic Attorney General Roy Cooper, a vocal critic of the law.

The portion of the law regarding bathroom use was repealed on March 30, 2017, with the passage of House Bill 142 (Session 2017 of the North Carolina General Assembly).[14] The remainder of HB2, which barred local governments from passing anti-discrimination ordinances, was repealed on December 1, 2020, by a sunset provision, which was inserted below the partial repeal in House Bill 142, passed on March 30, 2017.[15]

In response to the full repeal on December 1, 2020, many local governments across North Carolina almost immediately enacted local laws to protect LGBT people from discrimination and other local governments are considering passing similar local laws.[16]

Background and passage edit

Charlotte Ordinance 7056 edit

On February 22, 2016, the Charlotte City Council passed by a 7–4 vote the Ordinance 7056, a non-discrimination ordinance prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity in public accommodations or by passenger vehicles for hire or city contractors.[17][18] The Council had debated a similar ordinance in 2015, which failed by a 6–5 vote because it did not include full protection of transgender people; the council first considered extending non-discrimination protection to LGBT people in 1992.[19] The ordinance was to take effect on April 1, 2016.[17][18]

North Carolina House Bill 2 edit

On March 22, 2016, upon request from three-fifths of all the members of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives, its President and Speaker, respectively, called the General Assembly into special session for the following day.[20] That day, March 23, the North Carolina House of Representatives passed House Bill 2, with 82 in favor and 26 against and 11 excused absences.[21] About three hours later, the North Carolina Senate also passed the bill, with 32 in favor, 6 excused absences, and all 11 Democrats walking out in protest and not voting.[21] That evening, it was signed by North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory,[4] taking a total of 11 hours and 10 minutes to become a law.[22] All Senate and House Republicans voted in favor of the bill, with the exceptions of Charles Jeter, Chuck McGrady, Gary Pendleton, Bob Rucho, and Dan Soucek, who were excused absent. Eleven House Democrats voted for the bill; Larry M. Bell, William D. Brisson, Elmer Floyd, Ken Goodman, Charles Graham, George Graham, Howard Hunter III, William O. Richardson, Garland Pierce, Brad Salmon, and Michael H. Wray.[22] Senate and House Democrats Gale Adcock, Becky Carney, Beverly M. Earle, Susan C. Fisher, Paul Luebke, Joe Sam Queen, Evelyn Terry, Ken Waddell, Joyce Waddell, Angela Bryant, Joel D. M. Ford, and Jane W. Smith were excused absent. The independent representative Paul Tine, a member of the Republican caucus, voted against the bill.[23][24]

Supporters of House Bill 2 said the Charlotte ordinance was sloppily written and overreaching, and that in their view its wording essentially did away with single-sex bathrooms.[25] Representative Dan Bishop, the bill's sponsor, cited this as grounds for the state to override local ordinances.[25]

Call volume to the Trans Lifeline transgender suicide-prevention hotline doubled after the passage of the bill.[26][27] Some media noted, in connection to HB2, a study finding that denying transgender people access to restrooms of their gender increases the rate at which they attempt suicide.[28][29]

Enforcement edit

House Bill 2 does not contain any guidance on how it is supposed to be enforced, and does not name any specific crimes or penalties.[30][31] Police departments in Raleigh, Greensboro, Wilmington, and Asheville have expressed a lack of clarity on how the law should be enforced and an unwillingness to devote police resources to monitor bathrooms.[31] A number of departments indicated a willingness to respond to complaints of violations, but said none had been received.[32]

Republican State Representative Dan Bishop, a co-sponsor of the law, acknowledged that "there are no enforcement provisions or penalties in HB2."[33] Democratic State Representative Rodney W. Mooree was more emphatic, saying: "There is absolutely no way to enforce this law, as it relates to the enforcement of the bathroom provisions. It is an utterly ridiculous law."[31]

Economic impact edit

Although the full economic impact of House Bill 2 on North Carolina's economy is largely unrealized and difficult to fully quantify, some early economic consequences have been noted.[34] As of September 2016, rough estimates put North Carolina's full economic loss due to the law at around 0.1% of the state's gross domestic product.[35] The Associated Press estimated that House Bill 2 would cost the state US$3.76 billion over twelve years.[36][37][38]

Some companies have halted or are reconsidering their plans to expand to North Carolina as a result of the passage of the law:

  • PayPal announced they would no longer move forward with their expansion into Charlotte, which would have created over 400 jobs with a US$20 million annual payroll impact.[39][40]
  • Red Ventures is re-evaluating plans to expand into North Carolina and bring 500 people in 2016 and thousands after that.[41][42]
  • German global banking and financial services company Deutsche Bank announced plans to halt a planned expansion of their Cary offices which would have employed 250 people.[43][44]
  • Real estate research company CoStar Group decided against a 730-job expansion into Charlotte, with House Bill 2 playing a deciding role.[45][46][47]

On April 14, 2016, the San Diego-based electronics audio company 1MORE USA Inc. announced it will suspend its sales to North Carolina.[48]

During an appearance by McCrory on Meet the Press on April 17, 2016, host Chuck Todd said that, by his conservative estimate, North Carolina had lost at least US$39.7 million in revenue as a result of House Bill 2.[49][50][51]

On April 22, 2016, Time Warner Cable News North Carolina estimated that House Bill 2 had to date cost North Carolina more than 1750 jobs and more than $77 million of investments and visitor spending, including:[52]

  • $14.3 million in Buncombe County
  • $46.2 million and 500 jobs in Charlotte
  • $5 million in Greensboro
  • $3.2 million in the Triangle area of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill

On May 24, 2016, Charlotte Chamber of Commerce estimated that Mecklenburg County had lost $285 million and 1,300 jobs from the loss of PayPal and the estimated 908 spinoff jobs they estimated that it would have produced.[53]

Tourism and hospitality edit

 
States and municipalities banning publicly funded travel to North Carolina
  Publicly funded travel banned by state government
  Publicly funded travel banned by state, city and county government
  Publicly funded travel banned by city and state government
  Publicly funded travel banned by county government
  Publicly funded travel banned by city and county government
  Publicly funded travel banned by city government

As of December 2, 2016, the states of California,[54] Connecticut,[55] Minnesota,[56][57] New York,[58] Vermont,[59] and Washington;[60] the District of Columbia;[61][62] the counties of Cuyahoga (Ohio),[63] Dane (Wisconsin),[64] Franklin (Ohio),[65] Los Angeles (California),[66] Montgomery (Maryland),[67] Multnomah (Oregon),[68] and Summit (Ohio);[69] and the cities of Atlanta,[70] Baltimore,[71] Berkeley,[72] Boston,[73] Chicago,[74] Cincinnati,[75] Columbus,[76] Dayton,[77] Honolulu,[78] Long Beach,[79] Los Angeles,[80] Madison,[64] Miami Beach,[81] New York City,[82][83] Oakland,[84] Philadelphia,[85] Portland (Maine),[86] Portland (Oregon),[87] Providence,[88] Royal Oak,[89] Salt Lake City,[90] San Francisco,[91] San Jose,[92] Santa Fe,[93] Seattle,[94][95] Shoreline (Washington),[96] Tampa,[85] West Palm Beach,[97] and Wilton Manors,[98] have issued travel bans in response to House Bill 2, barring government employees from non-essential travel to North Carolina.[99]

On March 28, 2016, High Point Market, the largest home furnishings trade show in the world and the largest economic event in North Carolina, issued a press release expressing concern for "hundreds and perhaps thousands" of customers boycotting their biannual event in April as a result of the law[100][101][102] but according to numbers released on May 27, 2016, by the High Point Market, registered attendees only dipped slightly.[103]

Community Transportation Association of America canceled plans to bring 1,000 people to Wake County in June 2018 for a weeklong event, deciding instead to hold its event in Baltimore. Event organizers planned to book a total of 2,511 room nights and spend an estimated $1.7 million.[104]

Organizers of a planned "Record Store Day" canceled a three-day event for September. The Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau estimated this event would have generated $191,000 in economic spending.[104]

The Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority said that 29 groups have expressed concerns about their plans to host events in Charlotte, risking an estimated 103,000 hotel-nights for the city.[105]

The Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau said four events had been cancelled in the Raleigh area due to House Bill 2, causing a loss of US$700,000 in revenue.[106][107]

Hotel chain Westin said that 12 groups have inquired about cancelling events booked at Westin's Charlotte hotel, including the Southern Sociological Society, for which they will lose US$180,000 to US$4 million.[105]

In early April, a police conference in Duck on human trafficking prevention was canceled due to a travel ban on North Carolina issued by the mayor of Washington, D.C.[108]

On April 9, 2016, the head of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority announced that he has barred agency employees from travelling to Charlotte for a conference.[109] Metro Transit announced it would also cancel plans to send employees to the same conference.[110] Central Ohio Transit Authority followed suit a few days later.[111]

On April 25, 2016, The American Institute of Architects announced that it will move its South Atlantic Region conference which was originally scheduled to be held September 29 through October 2 at the Wilmington Convention Center in Wilmington. The four-day business conference accommodates between 1000 and 1200 people, including architects, exhibitors, and speakers from North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. In its statement, the AIA called for "the judicious and timely repeal of HB 2 in North Carolina as soon as the General Assembly convenes".[112][113]

On April 25, 2016, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation announced that they had cancelled plans to host a conference at The Omni Grove Park Inn in Asheville, at a loss of US$1.5 million to the state's economy.[114][115]

On January 16, 2017, the SIGMOD Executive Committee decided to move the ACM SIGMOD/PODS 2017 joint conference out of North Carolina to a new location.[116][117]

Film industry edit

Several filming projects have been canceled or are being reconsidered. Lionsgate canceled plans to film the pilot for its Hulu series Crushed in Charlotte, which would have involved hiring about 100 workers.[118] The company continued to move ahead with shooting a musical remake of Dirty Dancing in Henderson and Jackson counties.[119] A&E Networks announced that they would finish production of the History miniseries Six, but would not consider North Carolina for any new productions.[120] 21st Century Fox also announced their opposition to the law and that they will "reconsider future filming commitments in North Carolina if the Act is not repealed".[120] Turner Broadcasting announced that it would finish production of Good Behavior in Wilmington but would reevaluate doing further business in North Carolina if the law is not repealed.[121]

Director Rob Reiner called for a boycott of North Carolina by the entertainment industry and said he would no longer film in the state.[122] Documentary film producer Michael Moore announced that his movie Where to Invade Next would not be licensed to theaters in North Carolina.[123]

Sports edit

The NBA, NCAA, NFL and ESPN's X Games have spoken against the law, reconsidering plans to host future sporting events in North Carolina.[124][125][126][127] NBA Commissioner Adam Silver informed North Carolina's governor and legislature that "it would be problematic for us to move forward with our [2017] All-Star Game if there is not a change in the law",[128][129] and when no changes were made, on July 21, 2016, the game was pulled out of Charlotte.[130] Some estimates put the potential economic loss of the state at over $100 million.[131] The 2017 NBA All-Star Game was the first major sporting event in the United States to be relocated for political reasons since 1990. (In 2021 MLB moved baseball's All-Star Game from Cobb County, Georgia, in the greater Atlanta area to Denver, Colorado, in response to restrictive new voting laws.)

The U.S. Golf Association stated that they are "committed to ensuring an inclusive environment at all of our championships" and would continue to "monitor and assess" the situation in North Carolina.[132]

The NHL's Carolina Hurricanes and PNC Arena said they "are devoted to providing a welcoming and respectful environment for all fans. We stand against all forms of discrimination."[132][133][134] Michael Jordan, owner of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets and a North Carolina native, spoke against House Bill 2 and said the Charlotte Hornets and Hornets Sports & Entertainment are "opposed to discrimination in any form."[135][136] Brian France, chairman and CEO of NASCAR, said that NASCAR also opposes the law.[137][138][139][140]

On September 12, 2016, the NCAA (the United States' primary governing body for collegiate athletics) stripped North Carolina of hosting rights for seven upcoming tournaments and championships held by the association, including early round games of the 2017 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. The NCAA argued that HB2 made it "challenging to guarantee that host communities can help deliver [an inclusive atmosphere]".[141][142]

The Atlantic Coast Conference stated it was "committed to its mission of equality and diversity" and "in conjunction with our schools, we will continue to monitor all current events to ensure an inclusive and nondiscriminatory environment for all."[132] On September 14, 2016, the ACC's council of presidents voted to move all neutral-site sports championships during the 2016–17 year, including the ACC Football Championship Game, out of North Carolina.[143][144]

On September 30, 2016, the Board of Directors for the CIAA (the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association), decided to move 8 Conference Championships that were based in North Carolina. The CIAA predominantly consists of Historically Black Colleges and Universities and issued a statement saying, "The CIAA's transition, beginning with the relocation of 8 championships, is the first step in demonstrating that the conference does not support laws which prevent communities from effectively protecting student-athletes and fans."[145]

Music and performances edit

Several musicians and entertainers have canceled shows in North Carolina in response to the law or are boycotting the state until it is repealed, including Ani DiFranco,[146] former Beatles drummer Ringo Starr,[147] Boston,[148] Demi Lovato, Nick Jonas,[149][150] Itzhak Perlman,[151] and Maroon 5.[152] Bruce Springsteen canceled a performance in Greensboro, North Carolina, scheduled for April 10, expressing solidarity for the North Carolina transgender community;[153][154] management for the Greensboro Coliseum Complex estimated that it lost $100,000 in concession and parking revenue.[155]

Pearl Jam[156] lead singer Eddie Vedder explained their decision to cancel concerts in NC, saying:[157][158]

We thought we could take the money and give it to them and still play the show. But the reality is there is nothing like the immense power of boycotting and putting a strain. And it's a shame, because people are going to be affected that don't deserve it. But it could be the way that ultimately is gonna affect change, so again, we just couldn't find it in ourselves in good conscience to cross a picket line when there was a movement ...

Musical composer Stephen Schwartz will not allow Wicked to be produced in North Carolina.[159]

Cirque du Soleil cancelled their performances of Ovo in Greensboro and Charlotte, and announced the cancellation of Toruk's performances in Raleigh, saying they are "opposed to discrimination in any form. The new HB2 legislation passed in North Carolina is an important regression to ensuring human rights for all."[160][161]

Other musicians and entertainers have criticized the law but chosen not to cancel shows or boycott. Cyndi Lauper turned her concert in Raleigh into an event "to build public support to repeal HB2," and committed to donating profits from the show to Equality North Carolina.[162] Mumford and Sons performed in Charlotte but donated some of the proceeds to an LGBT organization.[146] Laura Jane Grace, a transgender rock musician and lead singer of the punk rock band Against Me!, stated that the band would not be boycotting North Carolina but would donate money from their concert to Time Out Youth, an LGBT advocacy group.[146] Beyoncé did not cancel her concert in Raleigh, but posted a statement on her website promoting equality and calling for fans to donate to Equality NC. She also sent out a photo of herself wearing a popular t-shirt being sold by Equality NC.[163][164] The band Duran Duran went ahead and performed in the state, but spoke out against HB2 at their concerts.[165]

Jimmy Buffett strongly criticized the law but said "I am not going to let stupidity or bigotry trump fun for my loyal fans this year."[166] Alabama Shakes said they opposed the law but "We couldn't just say No, we're not showing up and I'm sorry your government is behaving this way."[167][168] Brandi Carlile also spoke out against the law but chose not to cancel shows in Wilkesboro and Greensboro.[146] Dave Matthews Band announced they would donate a portion of the proceeds from their concert scheduled in Charlotte, to five LGBT groups in an effort to repeal House Bill 2.[169] The Lumineers announced they would protest House Bill 2 by providing gender-neutral bathrooms at their concert in Cary, North Carolina.[170]

Noah Bendix-Balgley, the classical violinist and First Concertmaster with the Berliner Philharmoniker, spoke against House Bill 2 while performing at a concert with the North Carolina Symphony at UNC Memorial Hall in Chapel Hill. He dedicated the encore to members of the LGBT community "who currently do not feel safe or welcome in the state of North Carolina".[171]

Selena Gomez was set to cancel her concert in Charlotte, but decided to continue with it and donate half of the proceeds from Revival Tour Charlotte to an LGBT Charity based in North Carolina, saying "I learned from an early age that everyone should be treated equally" and "I've been reassured the venue I'm performing in has gender-neutral bathrooms. I want everyone coming to my show to feel welcome."[172]

Visual and literary arts edit

Author and poet Sherman Alexie canceled a book talk in Asheville because of House Bill 2.[146][173] Author David Sedaris decided not to cancel a sold-out event of over 1,000 people at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington, instead deciding to donate the proceeds to Equality NC.[174][175]

Eric Shiner, director of The Andy Warhol Museum, canceled a lecture he was scheduled to give to a Master of Fine Arts class at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, saying he regretted having to cancel but could not go as a director of a museum who represents an iconic gay artist.[146]

Legal challenges edit

NC Attorney General does not defend the bill edit

North Carolina Attorney General and Democratic gubernatorial candidate Roy Cooper said that House Bill 2 was unconstitutional[176] and that he would not defend it in court,[177][178] but would defend state agencies against it.[179] McCrory criticized his decision.[179] However, Cooper has been accused of opportunism for having used HB2 and the corporate boycott surrounding it as leverage to boost his bid for governor against the then incumbent Governor McCrory.[180]

Private litigation edit

On March 28, 2016, the American Civil Liberties Union, the ACLU of North Carolina, Lambda Legal, and Equality North Carolina filed a lawsuit challenging House Bill 2 in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina (Carcaño v. McCrory).[181][182][183] The groups argue that the law violates the Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of the United States Constitution, specifically in that it "discriminates on the basis of sex and sexual orientation and is an invasion of privacy for transgender people."[184] On April 21, 2016, Beverly Newell and Kelly Trent, a lesbian couple from Charlotte, were added as plaintiffs after they were denied service by a fertility clinic in North Carolina.[185] The same day, Hunter Schafer, a transgender high school student at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in Winston-Salem, was added as another plaintiff in the case.[186]

On April 19, 2016, a three-judge panel of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of transgender high school student Gavin Grimm in G.G. v. Gloucester County School Board. The ruling upheld the Department of Education's interpretation that Title IX's prohibition against discrimination on the basis of sex should be read broadly to include discrimination on the basis of gender identity.[187] Although House Bill 2 was not at issue in Grimm's lawsuit, which originated in Virginia, the ruling has controlling status in the Fourth Circuit, which includes North Carolina.[187][188] President pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate Phil Berger reacted negatively to the Fourth Circuit decision:

People need to wake up: Roy Cooper, Barack Obama and two unelected federal judges are on the verge of completing their radical social reengineering of our society by forcing middle school-aged girls to share school locker rooms with boys. House Bill 2 was our effort to stop this insanity, and I hope this proves the bathroom safety bill has nothing to do with discrimination and everything to do with protecting women's privacy and keeping men out of girls' bathrooms.[189]

The Gloucester County School Board moved for rehearing en banc, but the Fourth Circuit declined to rehear the case, making its decision final, barring a grant of certiorari by the Supreme Court.[190] On October 28, 2016, the Supreme Court announced that it had granted certiorari as to two of the three questions presented in a Petition for Writ of Certiorari, meaning that final disposition of the case will come from the Supreme Court.[191]

On May 11, the conservative Alliance Defending Freedom filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for Eastern North Carolina on behalf of unnamed students and parents, seeking to overturn the federal government's interpretation of federal law and to bar it from withholding federal funds.[192][193]

On May 16, an ACLU lawyer appealed to U.S. District Judge Thomas D. Schroeder to suspend the law until its constitutionality can be fully evaluated.[30] On August 26, Schroeder granted a preliminary injunction, preventing the University of North Carolina from enforcing the restroom provisions of the bill.[194]

Litigation between North Carolina and the United States edit

On May 4, 2016, the United States Department of Justice notified McCrory, the North Carolina Department of Public Safety, and the University of North Carolina system that House Bill 2 violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and gave McCrory until May 9, 2016, to confirm that North Carolina would not implement or comply with the bill.[195][196][197][198] Failure to comply could result in a halt of billions of dollars in federal funding to the state,[199] including $1.4 billion for the UNC system and $800 million for federally backed student loans.[200]

McCrory and North Carolina lawmakers said the Department of Justice's intervention was orchestrated by the Obama Administration, but White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said, "These kinds of enforcement actions are made independent of any sort of political interference or direction from the White House. Those are decisions that are made entirely by attorneys at the Department of Justice."[201]

McCrory said that the Department of Justice received multiple requests for an extension of the deadline but told him that a one-week extension would be granted only if he conceded that the bill was discriminatory.[202] On May 9, 2016, McCrory filed one lawsuit and Senate leader Phil Berger and House Speaker Tim Moore filed a second lawsuit against the United States, both in the Eastern District of North Carolina, seeking declaratory judgment that House Bill 2 was not discriminatory.[203][204] McCrory's lawsuit, which he later withdrew on September 16, 2016, to avoid the "substantial costs" of litigating two similar lawsuits,[205] called the Justice Department's position a "radical reinterpretation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act".[206]

Later on May 9, the Department of Justice filed suit against North Carolina in the Middle District of North Carolina, asking the court to stop the state from discriminating against transgender people, saying it was in violation of Title VII and the Violence Against Women Act.[207] Attorney General Loretta Lynch described the lawsuit:

This action is about a great deal more than just bathrooms[.] This is about the dignity and respect we accord our fellow citizens, and the laws that we, as a people and as a country, have enacted to protect them – indeed, to protect all of us. It's about the founding ideals that have led this country – haltingly but inexorably – in the direction of fairness, inclusion, and equality for all Americans. This is not a time to act out of fear. This is a time to summon our national virtues of inclusivity, diversity, compassion, and open-mindedness. What we must not do – what we must never do – is turn on our neighbors, our family members, our fellow Americans, for something they cannot control, and deny what makes them human.[208]

Margaret Spellings, the president of the University of North Carolina which is one of the defendants in the federal government's lawsuit, told the Department of Justice that the University "has not taken any steps to enforce [House Bill 2] on its campuses" and that it "has and will continue to comply with the requirements of Title IX, VAWA, and Title VII", but also "has an obligation to adhere to laws duly enacted by the State".[209] The letter has been variously described as showing UNC intends to follow House Bill 2,[210] "def[ying] the governor and legislature and [saying] it intends to act 'in compliance with federal law'",[211] or "walk[ing] a fine line — assuring federal officials that [it will] follow federal law, while not refusing to follow HB2".[212] On May 26, Spellings confirmed that UNC will not take any steps to enforce HB2.[213]

Efforts to repeal or modify edit

Executive Order 93 edit

On April 12, 2016, Governor McCrory signed Executive Order 93, officially called Executive Order No. 93 to Protect Privacy and Equality, regarding House Bill 2.[214][215][216] The executive order requires all state agencies to serve all people equally when providing government services;[214] reaffirms that private employers may, but are not required to, establish anti-discrimination policies;[214] and reaffirms that private employers may determine their own policies regarding use of bathrooms, locker rooms, and showers based on their own policies.[214] This includes when a private entity rents governmental facilities.[214] In the executive order, McCrory also supported new legislation restoring a cause of action in state courts for victims of illegal employment discrimination.[214]

Although McCrory promoted the executive order as a compromise in response to nationwide backlash, House Bill 2 remained largely intact,[217][218][219][220] and companies that spoke out against the law reaffirmed their opposition.[221]

House Bill 946 and Senate Bill 784 edit

On April 25, 2016, the first day back in session since House Bill 2 was passed in special session, Democratic legislators in the House of Representatives introduced House Bill 946, officially called An Act to Repeal House Bill 2 of the 2016 Second Extra Session and to Appropriate Funds to the Human Relations Commission.[222] The bill was filed by Darren Jackson, Graig Meyer, Susi Hamilton, and Grier Martin and co-sponsored by Ed Hanes, Rosa Gill, Yvonne Holley, and Chris Sgro. The bill currently has no support from Republicans, who control both chambers of the legislature, and a committee hearing has not yet been arranged or secured with chamber leaders.[222][223]

Two days later, the Senate filed the identical Senate Bill 784.[224][225][226] The bill was sponsored by Senators Terry Van Duyn, Jeff Jackson, and Mike Woodard, and assigned to the Senate's Ways and Means Committee.[226]

House Bill 169 edit

In June 2016, WBTV obtained a copy of draft legislation to issue 'certificates of sex reassignment' to individuals who had sex reassignment surgery but were born in states that do not issue updated birth certificates following that procedure.[227] EqualityNC opined that the draft did "nothing to restore the common sense protections passed by the Charlotte City Council earlier this year",[227][228] and it did not pass. In House Bill 169,[229] the state made only one revision, restoring residents' right to bring claims of discrimination in state courts.[230]

Mediation by the private sector edit

On September 16, 2016, after working to broker a compromise with state lawmakers, the North Carolina Restaurant and Lodging Association issued a press release stating that the General Assembly would call a special session to repeal House Bill 2 if the Charlotte City Council voted to repeal Ordinance 7056 during their session on September 19.[231][232] The NCRLA and the Charlotte Chamber called for both laws to be promptly repealed.[233]

On September 19, 2016, Mayor Roberts said that the city was "not prepared" to discuss repealing Ordinance 7056 at the city council meeting scheduled for later that day.[234] No motion was made for a repeal.

Mediation by Governor-elect Cooper edit

After lobbying by Governor-elect Roy Cooper, the Charlotte City Council agreed to the aforementioned arrangement, and voted 10–0 on December 19 for a repeal of the public accommodations provisions of Ordinance 7056, conditioned on the state repealing HB2 by December 31. McCrory then called a special legislative session for the purpose of repealing HB2;[235][236] however, the NC Senate ultimately defeated the proposal[237] after lawmakers learned Charlotte had not repealed the entire ordinance, even though Charlotte City Council voted again December 21 to correct the situation, also removing the requirement that the legislature also act.[236]

Partial repeal edit

On March 23, 2017, the NCAA warned that North Carolina would not be selected to host championship games through 2022 unless House Bill 2 was repealed.[238] The Association's statement, made on Twitter and disseminated to the media, prompted state lawmakers to seriously consider repealing parts of the law.[238]

Last year, the NCAA Board of Governors relocated NCAA championships scheduled in North Carolina because of the cumulative impact HB2 had on local communities' ability to assure a safe, healthy, discrimination free atmosphere for all those watching and participating in our events. Absent any change in the law, our position remains the same regarding hosting current or future events in the state. As the state knows, next week our various sports committees will begin making championships site selections for 2018-2022 based upon bids received from across the country. Once the sites are selected by the committee, those decisions are final and an announcement of all sites will be made on April 18.

— National Collegiate Athletic Association, @NCAA[239]

The next week, on March 28, the NCAA set a 48-hour deadline for the state to repeal the bill.[238][240][241][242]

On March 30, 2017, a bill to eliminate HB2's bathroom regulations but retain other parts of the law[243] was passed by the North Carolina legislature and signed into law by Governor Roy Cooper.[244][245][246] The partial repeal was criticized by both conservatives and equal-rights groups.[14] Representative Chris Sgro labeled the bill as HB 2.0, saying the bill "merely doubles down on discrimination."[247] Sarah Gillooly, policy director of the NC ACLU, called it a "fake repeal", and the ACLU said it "would keep anti-LGBT provisions of [HB2] in place and continue to single out and target transgender people" and that they would continue to fight it in court.[248] The Human Rights Campaign and Lambda Legal also opposed the bill.

On July 23, 2019, federal judge Thomas D. Schroeder approved the 2017 settlement, clarifying that transgender people have the right to use restrooms in state-owned buildings that match their gender identities.[249][250]

Full repeal edit

The remainder of HB2, which barred local governments from passing anti-discrimination ordinances, was repealed on December 1, 2020, by a sunset provision, which was inserted below the partial repeal in House Bill 142, passed on March 30, 2017.[251] A narrow provision remains on the books, which gives the North Carolina General Assembly the sole authority to pass any future regulations related to government-owned bathrooms.

In response to the full repeal on December 1, 2020, many local governments across North Carolina almost immediately enacted local laws to protect LGBT people from discrimination and other local governments are considering passing similar local laws.[16]

Popular opinion edit

Polls by Public Policy Polling and others have consistently found that a majority of North Carolinians say HB2 has negatively impacted the state's economy and public image, and that more Carolinians say they oppose the law than support it.[252][253][254] In polls, residents of rural communities are more supportive of the law than those in urban areas.[255] One poll in April 2016[253] and another in May[256] found that 56% of North Carolinians supported the provision barring transgender people from using bathrooms corresponding to their gender identity. Another poll in May found that 50% want to see it repealed, while 38% think it should remain law.[257] A pair of polls in April and May found that most North Carolinians, including a majority of women, feel the law has not made the state any safer.[252][257][258]

By August 2016, only 30% of North Carolinians still supported HB2, and in December 2016, Public Policy Polling reported that the widespread unpopularity of HB2 was given as the dominant reason for Republican Governor Pat McCrory's defeat at the hands of Roy Cooper that year, the first time an incumbent North Carolina Governor had lost re-election since the incumbent Governor Charles Manly was defeated in 1850.[259][260][261]

Criticism edit

Public demonstrations edit

 
A rainbow feather boa hung over the Sir Walter Raleigh statue outside the Raleigh Convention Center in protest of House Bill 2

There have been numerous rallies against House Bill 2, including in Raleigh: on March 24, hundreds of people marched through Raleigh to the North Carolina Executive Mansion,[262] and on April 1 people protested outside the Legislative Building.[263] There have also been protests in Winston-Salem (on March 25),[264] Asheville (on March 25, 300 protesters rallied with Rev. Jasmine Beach-Ferrara, director of Campaign for Southern Equality),[265] Burlington (on March 16),[266] and Hendersonville (on April 15).[267] On April 3, 2016, over 700 people gathered at a rally in Greensboro to protest the law.[268][269]

There have been demonstrations and protest actions at Salem College (on April 12),[270] High Point University,[271] Wake Forest University,[272] East Carolina University in Greenville (on March 31)[273] the University of North Carolina at Asheville,[274] and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro,[275][276] where the protest included a rally inside an administrative building and a march across campus to block a city intersection at Tate and Spring Garden streets in the College Hill Historic District.[277][278] Another protest was held in Greensboro on April 13, 2016, on the campus of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University.[279] There was also a rally at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte on April 7.[280] Students from Warren Wilson College went to Raleigh to protest the legislation.[281] Students at North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Pembroke and at Wilmington held bathroom sit-ins.[282]

In early April 2016 more than 100 students at Appalachian State University held a rally and week long protest against the bill in the university's administrative building.[283] Students blocked traffic in downtown Boone as part of the protest.[284] The group Appalachian State Student Power demanded that the University Chancellor Sheri Everts and UNC System President Margaret Spellings to publicly denounce the law.[285]

On March 29, 2016, hundreds of people protesting against House Bill 2 shut down Franklin Street in Chapel Hill, North Carolina for several hours.[286][287][288] On April 13, a rally organized by the Queer and Trans People of Color Collective in Uptown Charlotte stopped traffic for over twenty minutes.[289][290]

Some protests have been part of the Moral Mondays civil disobedience movement, including one on April 25, 2016, when protesters were forced to leave their seats in the viewing gallery after loudly protesting as the House adjourned for the day.[291] By the end of the day, fifty-four protesters were arrested: eighteen who had been arrested earlier and thirty-six more who refused to leave, including Mara Keisling, executive director of the National Center for Transgender Equality.[292] Protesters had stood outside House Speaker Tim Moore's office and on the ground floor of the Legislative Building.[293] 180,000 signed petitions against House Bill 2 were brought to the legislative building during the Moral Monday protests.[294] Also on April 1, students at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington held a protest. A rally was held later that evening in Wilmington blocking traffic at the intersections of Oleander and College Roads.[295][296][297]

At an open house at the governor's western residence in Asheville on May 14, 2016 protesters from Tranzmission, Black Lives Matter, and JustEconomics of Western North Carolina gathered to show opposition to House Bill 2.[298][299]

Political edit

Local government edit

In response to the restrictions on local governance and LGBT protections, numerous North Carolina cities and municipalities passed resolutions criticizing House Bill 2. Chapel Hill,[300] Marion,[301] Nags Head,[302] Duck,[303] Durham,[304][305] Winston-Salem,[306] Wilmington,[307] and the state capital of Raleigh[308] passed resolutions calling for the law to be repealed. Additionally Orange County[309] called for HB2's repeal. Greensboro,[310] Hillsborough,[311] Greenville,[312] and Asheville[313] also passed resolutions opposing the bill. Asheville Mayor Esther Manheimer called the bill an overreach and an inappropriate reaction to Charlotte's non-discrimination ordinance.[314] Buncombe County,[315] Chatham County,[316] Durham County,[317] and Wake County[318] also approved measures expressing opposition to the law. Carrboro passed a resolution that the town would partner with other local jurisdictions and advocacy groups to take legal action against House Bill 2, calling it "discriminatory and arguably unconstitutional."[319][320]

Margaret Spellings, the recently appointed president of the UNC system, has said that while public universities are obligated to follow the law, they do not endorse it. She later expressed concern that House Bill 2 might discourage prospective faculty and students from coming to North Carolina, and said she hoped the law would be changed.[200]

Federal government edit

On March 28, 2016, the White House condemned the law,[321] and on April 22, U.S. President Barack Obama, speaking in London in response to Britain's reaction to the law, called for House Bill 2 to be repealed.[322]

On April 18, 2016, the United States Commission on Civil Rights issued a statement stating that House Bill 2 "jeopardizes not only the dignity, but also the actual physical safety, of transgender people."[323][324]

Presidential candidates edit

Some Republican 2016 U.S. presidential candidates have publicly stated they would not have signed House Bill 2, including Ohio Governor John Kasich and businessman Donald Trump.

Kasich defended his position against the law by saying, "Why do we have to write a law every time we turn around in this country? Can't we figure out just how to get along a little bit better and respect one another?"[325][326]

Speaking about the economic impact that the law has had on North Carolina, Trump said, "North Carolina did something that was very strong and they're paying a big price and there's a lot of problems"; and, when asked which restroom a transgender person should use in one of his buildings, he said that they should use whichever one they're most comfortable using.[327] After he became the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party, Trump altered his stance and supported the law on July 6 in Raleigh.[328] Later on, he emphasized that the states should be allowed to decide on the matter, despite his personal stance.[329][330]

The Democratic 2016 presidential candidates, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders, both condemned the law.[331]

Appointment of Chris Sgro edit

Approximately two weeks after the passage of House Bill 2, Chris Sgro, the leader of Equality NC, the largest LGBT advocacy organization in North Carolina, was selected to fill a vacancy in the North Carolina House of Representatives, making him the only openly LGBT member of the North Carolina General Assembly at the time. Pursuant to state law, the local Guilford County Democratic Party Executive Committee had the responsibility for filling the vacancy.[332] Chris Sgro quickly became the most vocal opponent of House Bill 2 in the General Assembly, often publicly clashing with the governor.[333]

Commercial edit

Large American corporations have been a driving force behind the movement to repeal House Bill 2.[334][335][336][337][338] Hundreds of companies have publicly announced their opposition to the law.[7][339][340][341][342] On March 29, 2016, an open letter signed by 80 corporate CEOs against House Bill 2 was sent to Governor McCrory.[343] The law has cost the state more than 1750 jobs and more than $77 million-worth of investments and visitor spending.[52] Eleven lobbyists say legislators have told them that if they or the businesses they represent criticize House Bill 2, House and Senate leaders won't move legislation they want and may pass laws targeting them; legislators said they did not know anything about that.[344]

On April 19, 2016, in response to bathroom bills in North Carolina and other states, Target announced that their customers and employees may use the bathroom or fitting room associated with their gender identity.[345][346]

Religious groups edit

Christian edit

Numerous Christian institutions and clerical leaders have criticized the law and called for its repeal, including the leadership of the Presbyterian Church (USA),[347] congregations of the Religious Society of Friends,[348] the North Carolina Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America,[349][350][351] and a group of fourteen pastors of the Metropolitan Community Church.[352] Four bishops of the Episcopal Church; Anne Hodges-Copple, G. Porter Taylor, Robert Skirving and Peter James Lee[353] said it discriminated against the LGBT community, workers, and the poor. The Episcopal bishops called on North Carolina Episcopalians "to strive for justice and peace among all people, and respect the dignity of every human being",[354] and called on the legislature to repeal the law, saying "we encourage our leaders to listen to the experiences of LGBT citizens and to seek to understand their lives and circumstances."[355] The Alliance of Baptists also encouraged participation in a day of action against the law.[356]

William Barber II, a Disciples of Christ minister and board member of the NAACP, also called for repeal,[357] as did John C. Dorhauer, General Minister and President of the United Church of Christ, who said "I cannot know what the struggle is like to claim your identity in a culture like ours, where even the power of the state is brought to bear to enact discriminatory laws that embolden hatred, vitriol, and ignorance ... My outrage over this cannot be contained; I have no desire to contain it."[358]

On April 25, 2016,[359] the incumbent United Methodist bishops in North Carolina, Hope Morgan Ward and Larry M. Goodpaster, and the retired bishops Charlene P. Kammerer, William Henry Willimon, C. P. Minnick, Jr., Thomas Stockton, Lawrence McCleskey, and Ray Chamberlain, called for the repeal of House Bill 2,[360] saying:[361]

We observe the hurried passage of House Bill 2 (HB2) and its resultant harm to North Carolina – to individuals, to our economy, to our engagements with other states and nations, and to our future. We call for the repeal of HB2. ... We urge all United Methodists to engage in prayer, in study of the issues, in patient listening and persevering conversation with others who hold differing opinion, and in courageous advocacy for what is right, just and good for all people in North Carolina.

The United Methodist Women have also taken a stand against HB2 and are planning to move their Mission u training program in May 2017 from Charlotte to Jacksonville, Florida. They are planning to have an action against HB2 in Charlotte in January 2017 during its Leadership Development Days training program.

Harriet Jane Olson, Chief Executive Officer of United Methodist Women, said:

Discrimination in employment and public accommodation based on sexual orientation today is no more acceptable than discrimination based on race was 75 years ago," Ms. Olson said. "In 1942 our predecessors stood against racial segregation and moved the Assembly from St. Louis, Missouri, to Columbus, Ohio, so that black and white members could stay in the same hotels. Today's decision is a current application of the same principle, caring for all our members, paying attention to where and how we spend their Mission Giving and standing with those who are oppressed.[362]

Michael Francis Burbidge, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh, criticized House Bill 2 and called for a replacement of the legislation with "another remedy" that will "defend human dignity; avoid any form of bigotry; respect religious liberty and the convictions of religious institutions; work for the common good; and be discussed in a peaceful and respectful manner."[363][364]

The North Carolina Council of Churches stated that House Bill 2 is "making discrimination easier in NC" and "puts us on the wrong side of the prophets who preached justice and mercy, calling on us to be better than our fears and to transcend our biases." On April 24, 2016, the council, EqualityNC and the Equality Federation brought Christian ethicist David P. Gushee, Vice President of the American Academy of Religion and President-Elect of the Society of Christian Ethics, to speak in Durham about the ethical implications of the law for people of faith.[365][366][367]

Jewish edit

Forty-five rabbis signed a letter expressing "deep dismay" with House Bill 2.[368] The letter stated,

As leaders of a faith community which has repeatedly suffered from state-sponsored discrimination and citizen-based prejudice, we will not stand idly by as our North Carolina legislature weakens the legal protections of our Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender brothers and sisters.. The Torah teaches that all human beings are created in the image of God and imbued with infinite value. In that spirit, we declare that our state should, under no circumstance, desecrate the holiness and dignity of any citizen.

— [369]

The Jewish Federation of Durham-Chapel Hill and Carolina Jews for Justice spoke out against the legislation.[370] On April 10, 2016, Rabbi Stephen Roberts wrote in the Watauga Democrat that Christians and Jews alike should not support House Bill 2.[371]

On April 26, 2016, North Carolina Jewish leaders held a news conference shortly before a Passover prayer service with lawmakers in the North Carolina State Legislative Building in Raleigh. While speaking at the conference, Rabbi Lucy Dinner of Temple Beth Or said, "HB2 targets one of the most vulnerable groups in our society and eviscerates their ability to participate actively in community."[360][369]

Others edit

The Southeast Unitarian Universalist Summer Institute said they were saddened that House Bill 2 "places lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender North Carolinians at risk of physical, emotional, and legal damage. It also threatens the safety and comfort of LGBT visitors to North Carolina."[372]

The Charlotte Clergy Coalition for Justice, an interfaith organization, announced they would financially support the plaintiffs in the Carcaño v. McCrory lawsuit challenging House Bill 2.[373]

The Wiccan communities of North Carolina spoke out against the law, saying it was discriminatory.[374]

Press edit

The Charlotte Observer,[375] The New York Times,[376] The Washington Post,[377] News & Record,[378] The News & Observer,[379] Asheville Citizen-Times,[380] and The Fayetteville Observer[381] condemned House Bill 2.

On September 15, 2016, during a lunch event in Charlotte where McCrory was expected to take questions from reporters, McCrory avoided questions about House Bill 2 by instead responding to questions provided to him by his staff.[382] The Charlotte Observer reported that three of the questions were incorrectly attributed to them. When a reporter for The Charlotte Observer tried to ask McCrory a question afterwards, he responded by saying, "We've got three Observer questions answered already. I think you guys dominate the news enough."[383]

International edit

United Kingdom edit

On April 21, 2016, Britain's Foreign and Commonwealth Office issued a travel advisory directed at their LGBT citizens visiting the United States, specifically North Carolina and Mississippi. In it, they said, "The U.S. is an extremely diverse society and attitudes towards LGBT people differ hugely across the country. LGBT travellers may be affected by legislation passed recently in the states of North Carolina and Mississippi."[384][385][386] The Human Rights Campaign called it "both frightening and embarrassing that one of our nation's staunchest allies has warned its citizens of the risks" of travel.

In a parliamentary answer to Labour MP Cat Smith, Foreign Office Minister Hugo Swire said the British government had expressed concerns to the authorities in North Carolina; stating, "Our Consul General in Atlanta raised our concerns with the North Carolina Commerce Secretary on 19 April ... This Government is opposed to all forms of discrimination. We are committed to ensuring that all LGBT people are free to live their lives in a safe and just environment."[387]

European Union edit

On May 12, 2016, the European Union criticized North Carolina for House Bill 2, as well as Mississippi for the Religious Liberty Accommodations Act and Tennessee for SB 1556.[388] The official statement read:

The recently adopted laws including in the states of Mississippi, North Carolina and Tennessee, which discriminate against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons in the United States contravene the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which the US is a State party, and which states that the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection.

As a consequence, cultural, traditional or religious values cannot be invoked to justify any form of discrimination, including discrimination against LGBTI persons. These laws should be reconsidered as soon as possible.

The European Union reaffirms its commitment to the equality and dignity of all human beings irrespective of their sexual orientation and gender identity. We will continue to work to end all forms of discrimination and to counter attempts to embed or enhance discrimination wherever it occurs around the world.[389]

Advocacy groups edit

On April 21, the National Task Force to End Sexual and Domestic Violence Against Women, a coalition of over two hundred national, state, and local organizations against sexual assault and domestic violence against women, issued a statement opposing anti-transgender initiatives, writing that "discriminating against transgender people does nothing to decrease the risk of sexual assault" and noting that of the 18 states and more than 200 municipalities with anti-discrimination laws "protecting transgender people's access to facilities consistent with the gender they live every day", none "have seen a rise in sexual violence or other public safety issues due to nondiscrimination laws."[390][391]

Public figures and others edit

Many celebrities and other public figures publicly denounced House Bill 2, including Elton John,[392] Michael Jordan,[393] Montel Williams,[394] Laverne Cox,[395][396] Janet Mock,[397] Caitlyn Jenner,[398][399] Chris Sacca,[400][401] George Takei,[402] Beyoncé,[163][403] Ellen DeGeneres,[404] Stephen Colbert, and Jamie Lee Curtis.[405]

A number of arts organizations and events also called for its repeal.[406][407][408] The Arts & Science Council of Charlotte-Mecklenburg stated that "HB2 puts our cultural sector and its role in attracting a talented workforce, creative individuals, major exhibitions and performances, educators, tourists and other cultural opportunities at risk."[409][410]

Support edit

Political edit

McCrory applauded the passage of House Bill 2, referring to transgender people by their assigned sex and saying the ordinance approved by Charlotte's city council had "defied common sense,"[411] despite four months earlier stating that "transgender identity is a complex issue and is best handled with reason and compassion at the local level."[412] McCrory says news outlets critical of House Bill 2 are "distorting the truth" and "smearing [the] state."[413][414] Defending House Bill 2 during a press conference, McCrory said the law did "not [take] away any rights,"[415] but his interpretation was widely disputed.[415][416][417][418][419][420]

Surry County Board of Commissioners voted to sever ties with PayPal after the company pulled out of Charlotte over HB2 at their May 16, 2016 meeting.[421]

Davidson County Board of Commissioners,[422] Randolph County Board of Commissioners,[423] Ashe County Board of Commissioners,[424] Cape Carteret Board of Commissioners,[425] Rockingham County Board of Commissioners,[426] Stokes County Board of Commissioners,[427] as well as Indian Beach Board of Commissioners,[425] and Old Fort Board of Aldermen,[428] have all signed resolutions of support for HB2.

Presidential candidates edit

U.S. senator and Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz supported the bill, bringing it up frequently during campaign appearances.[429][430]

On July 6, 2016, at a rally in Raleigh, North Carolina, Republican presidential candidate front-runner Donald Trump was asked by The News and Observer if he stood by his previous rejection of House Bill 2. Trump altered his stance, saying, "The state, they know what's going on, they see what's happening, and generally speaking I'm with the state on things like this. I've spoken with your governor, I've spoken with a lot of different people, and I'm going with the state."[328]

Religious organizations edit

On March 28, 2016, two religious organizations, the NC Values Coalition and the Keep NC Safe Coalition, released a list of forty-one businesses which the organizations said had signed a letter of support for House Bill 2. The organizations said their list included over 300 businesses but could only publicly name forty-one of them because others were afraid of retaliation.[431] The only national company listed, Hanesbrands, was subsequently removed after it was learned a single employee had listed the company without permission. At least one other company has been removed from the public list for similar reasons.[432]

On May 24, 2016, forty preachers, most of whom were African-American, rallied at the State Capitol to defend House Bill 2, saying they did not view LGBT rights as civil rights.[433] A contingent of 80 pastors and faith leaders representing North Carolina's Hispanic communities, rallied in support of HB2 at the state legislative building on June 14, 2016.[434]

On August 10, 2016, the Church of God in Christ announced they still plan to hold their 2017 annual "Auxiliary in Ministry" or AIM conference despite HB2. The 2016 Conference accounted for $14 million in tourism to Cincinnati, Ohio.[435]

Public demonstrations edit

On April 25, 2016, hundreds of supporters gathered at the Halifax Mall in downtown Raleigh. Speakers focused on the section of the law that requires people to use bathrooms in public facilities that correspond to the sex on their birth certificate and quoted biblical scripture in defense of the law. The crowd was encouraged to visit legislators' offices in show of support and to boycott Target, which had recently announced that employees and customers could use the restroom and fitting room that correspond to their gender identity.[436] The organizations held a series of prayer vigils in Greensboro, Raleigh, Charlotte, Havelock, Greenville, New Bern, Fayetteville, Marshville and Jacksonville to show public support for HB2.[437][438][439]

See also edit

External links edit

  • Full text of Public Facilities Privacy & Security Act
  • Full text of House Bill 946 April 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

References edit

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April 10, 2024
public, facilities, privacy, security, redirects, here, texas, also, called, texas, house, bill, this, article, needs, updated, please, help, update, this, article, reflect, recent, events, newly, available, information, january, 2021, commonly, known, house, . HB2 redirects here For the Texas law also called HB2 see Texas House Bill 2 This article needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information January 2021 The Public Facilities Privacy amp Security Act commonly known as House Bill 2 or HB2 was a North Carolina statute passed in March 2016 and signed into law by Governor Pat McCrory The bill amended state law to preempt any anti discrimination ordinances passed by local communities and controversially compelled schools and state and local government facilities containing single gender bathrooms to only allow people of the corresponding sex as listed on their birth certificate to use them it also gave the state exclusive rights to determine the minimum wage 1 Public Facilities Privacy amp Security ActNorth CarolinaLong title An Act to Provide for Single sex Multiple Occupancy Bathroom and Changing Facilities in Schools and Public Agencies and to Create Statewide Consistency in Regulation of Employment and Public AccommodationsPassedMarch 23 2016SummaryPreempts local anti discrimination laws and minimum wages in favor of state law Compelled schools and public facilities to restrict use of gender segregated washrooms to users with the corresponding sex listed on their birth certificates Status RepealedThe bathroom portion of the bill generated immense criticism for preventing transgender people who did not or could not alter their birth certificates from using the restroom consistent with their gender identity 2 at the time in North Carolina only people who undergo sex reassignment surgery could change the sex on their birth certificates and outside jurisdictions have different rules some more restrictive 3 and for changing the definition of sex in the state s anti discrimination law to the physical condition of being male or female which is stated on a person s birth certificate 4 5 6 The removal of municipal anti discrimination protections was also criticized as state level protections do not explicitly cover discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity 7 8 9 Opponents of the bill described it as the most anti LGBT legislation in the United States 10 11 while proponents of HB2 called it common sense legislation 12 13 HB2 was met with widespread protests state county and city governments across the United States forbade their employees from non essential travel to North Carolina numerous corporations and firms curbed plans to hold events and create jobs in the state and many performers canceled performances in North Carolina to boycott the state North Carolina s economy lost over 400 million in investments and jobs The bill was also criticized by several religious organizations and President Barack Obama denounced it and called for its repeal McCrory ultimately lost his bid for re election in 2016 to Democratic Attorney General Roy Cooper a vocal critic of the law The portion of the law regarding bathroom use was repealed on March 30 2017 with the passage of House Bill 142 Session 2017 of the North Carolina General Assembly 14 The remainder of HB2 which barred local governments from passing anti discrimination ordinances was repealed on December 1 2020 by a sunset provision which was inserted below the partial repeal in House Bill 142 passed on March 30 2017 15 In response to the full repeal on December 1 2020 many local governments across North Carolina almost immediately enacted local laws to protect LGBT people from discrimination and other local governments are considering passing similar local laws 16 Contents 1 Background and passage 1 1 Charlotte Ordinance 7056 1 2 North Carolina House Bill 2 2 Enforcement 3 Economic impact 3 1 Tourism and hospitality 3 2 Film industry 3 3 Sports 3 4 Music and performances 3 5 Visual and literary arts 4 Legal challenges 4 1 NC Attorney General does not defend the bill 4 2 Private litigation 4 3 Litigation between North Carolina and the United States 5 Efforts to repeal or modify 5 1 Executive Order 93 5 2 House Bill 946 and Senate Bill 784 5 3 House Bill 169 5 4 Mediation by the private sector 5 5 Mediation by Governor elect Cooper 5 6 Partial repeal 5 7 Full repeal 6 Popular opinion 7 Criticism 7 1 Public demonstrations 7 2 Political 7 2 1 Local government 7 2 2 Federal government 7 2 3 Presidential candidates 7 2 4 Appointment of Chris Sgro 7 3 Commercial 7 4 Religious groups 7 4 1 Christian 7 4 2 Jewish 7 4 3 Others 7 5 Press 7 6 International 7 6 1 United Kingdom 7 6 2 European Union 7 7 Advocacy groups 7 8 Public figures and others 8 Support 8 1 Political 8 1 1 Presidential candidates 8 2 Religious organizations 8 3 Public demonstrations 9 See also 10 External links 11 ReferencesBackground and passage editCharlotte Ordinance 7056 edit On February 22 2016 the Charlotte City Council passed by a 7 4 vote the Ordinance 7056 a non discrimination ordinance prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity in public accommodations or by passenger vehicles for hire or city contractors 17 18 The Council had debated a similar ordinance in 2015 which failed by a 6 5 vote because it did not include full protection of transgender people the council first considered extending non discrimination protection to LGBT people in 1992 19 The ordinance was to take effect on April 1 2016 17 18 North Carolina House Bill 2 edit On March 22 2016 upon request from three fifths of all the members of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives its President and Speaker respectively called the General Assembly into special session for the following day 20 That day March 23 the North Carolina House of Representatives passed House Bill 2 with 82 in favor and 26 against and 11 excused absences 21 About three hours later the North Carolina Senate also passed the bill with 32 in favor 6 excused absences and all 11 Democrats walking out in protest and not voting 21 That evening it was signed by North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory 4 taking a total of 11 hours and 10 minutes to become a law 22 All Senate and House Republicans voted in favor of the bill with the exceptions of Charles Jeter Chuck McGrady Gary Pendleton Bob Rucho and Dan Soucek who were excused absent Eleven House Democrats voted for the bill Larry M Bell William D Brisson Elmer Floyd Ken Goodman Charles Graham George Graham Howard Hunter III William O Richardson Garland Pierce Brad Salmon and Michael H Wray 22 Senate and House Democrats Gale Adcock Becky Carney Beverly M Earle Susan C Fisher Paul Luebke Joe Sam Queen Evelyn Terry Ken Waddell Joyce Waddell Angela Bryant Joel D M Ford and Jane W Smith were excused absent The independent representative Paul Tine a member of the Republican caucus voted against the bill 23 24 Supporters of House Bill 2 said the Charlotte ordinance was sloppily written and overreaching and that in their view its wording essentially did away with single sex bathrooms 25 Representative Dan Bishop the bill s sponsor cited this as grounds for the state to override local ordinances 25 Call volume to the Trans Lifeline transgender suicide prevention hotline doubled after the passage of the bill 26 27 Some media noted in connection to HB2 a study finding that denying transgender people access to restrooms of their gender increases the rate at which they attempt suicide 28 29 Enforcement editHouse Bill 2 does not contain any guidance on how it is supposed to be enforced and does not name any specific crimes or penalties 30 31 Police departments in Raleigh Greensboro Wilmington and Asheville have expressed a lack of clarity on how the law should be enforced and an unwillingness to devote police resources to monitor bathrooms 31 A number of departments indicated a willingness to respond to complaints of violations but said none had been received 32 Republican State Representative Dan Bishop a co sponsor of the law acknowledged that there are no enforcement provisions or penalties in HB2 33 Democratic State Representative Rodney W Mooree was more emphatic saying There is absolutely no way to enforce this law as it relates to the enforcement of the bathroom provisions It is an utterly ridiculous law 31 Economic impact editAlthough the full economic impact of House Bill 2 on North Carolina s economy is largely unrealized and difficult to fully quantify some early economic consequences have been noted 34 As of September 2016 rough estimates put North Carolina s full economic loss due to the law at around 0 1 of the state s gross domestic product 35 The Associated Press estimated that House Bill 2 would cost the state US 3 76 billion over twelve years 36 37 38 Some companies have halted or are reconsidering their plans to expand to North Carolina as a result of the passage of the law PayPal announced they would no longer move forward with their expansion into Charlotte which would have created over 400 jobs with a US 20 million annual payroll impact 39 40 Red Ventures is re evaluating plans to expand into North Carolina and bring 500 people in 2016 and thousands after that 41 42 German global banking and financial services company Deutsche Bank announced plans to halt a planned expansion of their Cary offices which would have employed 250 people 43 44 Real estate research company CoStar Group decided against a 730 job expansion into Charlotte with House Bill 2 playing a deciding role 45 46 47 On April 14 2016 the San Diego based electronics audio company 1MORE USA Inc announced it will suspend its sales to North Carolina 48 During an appearance by McCrory on Meet the Press on April 17 2016 host Chuck Todd said that by his conservative estimate North Carolina had lost at least US 39 7 million in revenue as a result of House Bill 2 49 50 51 On April 22 2016 Time Warner Cable News North Carolina estimated that House Bill 2 had to date cost North Carolina more than 1750 jobs and more than 77 million of investments and visitor spending including 52 14 3 million in Buncombe County 46 2 million and 500 jobs in Charlotte 5 million in Greensboro 3 2 million in the Triangle area of Raleigh Durham and Chapel HillOn May 24 2016 Charlotte Chamber of Commerce estimated that Mecklenburg County had lost 285 million and 1 300 jobs from the loss of PayPal and the estimated 908 spinoff jobs they estimated that it would have produced 53 Tourism and hospitality edit nbsp States and municipalities banning publicly funded travel to North Carolina Publicly funded travel banned by state government Publicly funded travel banned by state city and county government Publicly funded travel banned by city and state government Publicly funded travel banned by county government Publicly funded travel banned by city and county government Publicly funded travel banned by city governmentAs of December 2 2016 the states of California 54 Connecticut 55 Minnesota 56 57 New York 58 Vermont 59 and Washington 60 the District of Columbia 61 62 the counties of Cuyahoga Ohio 63 Dane Wisconsin 64 Franklin Ohio 65 Los Angeles California 66 Montgomery Maryland 67 Multnomah Oregon 68 and Summit Ohio 69 and the cities of Atlanta 70 Baltimore 71 Berkeley 72 Boston 73 Chicago 74 Cincinnati 75 Columbus 76 Dayton 77 Honolulu 78 Long Beach 79 Los Angeles 80 Madison 64 Miami Beach 81 New York City 82 83 Oakland 84 Philadelphia 85 Portland Maine 86 Portland Oregon 87 Providence 88 Royal Oak 89 Salt Lake City 90 San Francisco 91 San Jose 92 Santa Fe 93 Seattle 94 95 Shoreline Washington 96 Tampa 85 West Palm Beach 97 and Wilton Manors 98 have issued travel bans in response to House Bill 2 barring government employees from non essential travel to North Carolina 99 On March 28 2016 High Point Market the largest home furnishings trade show in the world and the largest economic event in North Carolina issued a press release expressing concern for hundreds and perhaps thousands of customers boycotting their biannual event in April as a result of the law 100 101 102 but according to numbers released on May 27 2016 by the High Point Market registered attendees only dipped slightly 103 Community Transportation Association of America canceled plans to bring 1 000 people to Wake County in June 2018 for a weeklong event deciding instead to hold its event in Baltimore Event organizers planned to book a total of 2 511 room nights and spend an estimated 1 7 million 104 Organizers of a planned Record Store Day canceled a three day event for September The Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau estimated this event would have generated 191 000 in economic spending 104 The Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority said that 29 groups have expressed concerns about their plans to host events in Charlotte risking an estimated 103 000 hotel nights for the city 105 The Raleigh Convention and Visitors Bureau said four events had been cancelled in the Raleigh area due to House Bill 2 causing a loss of US 700 000 in revenue 106 107 Hotel chain Westin said that 12 groups have inquired about cancelling events booked at Westin s Charlotte hotel including the Southern Sociological Society for which they will lose US 180 000 to US 4 million 105 In early April a police conference in Duck on human trafficking prevention was canceled due to a travel ban on North Carolina issued by the mayor of Washington D C 108 On April 9 2016 the head of the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority announced that he has barred agency employees from travelling to Charlotte for a conference 109 Metro Transit announced it would also cancel plans to send employees to the same conference 110 Central Ohio Transit Authority followed suit a few days later 111 On April 25 2016 The American Institute of Architects announced that it will move its South Atlantic Region conference which was originally scheduled to be held September 29 through October 2 at the Wilmington Convention Center in Wilmington The four day business conference accommodates between 1000 and 1200 people including architects exhibitors and speakers from North Carolina South Carolina and Georgia In its statement the AIA called for the judicious and timely repeal of HB 2 in North Carolina as soon as the General Assembly convenes 112 113 On April 25 2016 the W K Kellogg Foundation announced that they had cancelled plans to host a conference at The Omni Grove Park Inn in Asheville at a loss of US 1 5 million to the state s economy 114 115 On January 16 2017 the SIGMOD Executive Committee decided to move the ACM SIGMOD PODS 2017 joint conference out of North Carolina to a new location 116 117 Film industry edit Several filming projects have been canceled or are being reconsidered Lionsgate canceled plans to film the pilot for its Hulu series Crushed in Charlotte which would have involved hiring about 100 workers 118 The company continued to move ahead with shooting a musical remake of Dirty Dancing in Henderson and Jackson counties 119 A amp E Networks announced that they would finish production of the History miniseries Six but would not consider North Carolina for any new productions 120 21st Century Fox also announced their opposition to the law and that they will reconsider future filming commitments in North Carolina if the Act is not repealed 120 Turner Broadcasting announced that it would finish production of Good Behavior in Wilmington but would reevaluate doing further business in North Carolina if the law is not repealed 121 Director Rob Reiner called for a boycott of North Carolina by the entertainment industry and said he would no longer film in the state 122 Documentary film producer Michael Moore announced that his movie Where to Invade Next would not be licensed to theaters in North Carolina 123 Sports edit The NBA NCAA NFL and ESPN s X Games have spoken against the law reconsidering plans to host future sporting events in North Carolina 124 125 126 127 NBA Commissioner Adam Silver informed North Carolina s governor and legislature that it would be problematic for us to move forward with our 2017 All Star Game if there is not a change in the law 128 129 and when no changes were made on July 21 2016 the game was pulled out of Charlotte 130 Some estimates put the potential economic loss of the state at over 100 million 131 The 2017 NBA All Star Game was the first major sporting event in the United States to be relocated for political reasons since 1990 In 2021 MLB moved baseball s All Star Game from Cobb County Georgia in the greater Atlanta area to Denver Colorado in response to restrictive new voting laws The U S Golf Association stated that they are committed to ensuring an inclusive environment at all of our championships and would continue to monitor and assess the situation in North Carolina 132 The NHL s Carolina Hurricanes and PNC Arena said they are devoted to providing a welcoming and respectful environment for all fans We stand against all forms of discrimination 132 133 134 Michael Jordan owner of the NBA s Charlotte Hornets and a North Carolina native spoke against House Bill 2 and said the Charlotte Hornets and Hornets Sports amp Entertainment are opposed to discrimination in any form 135 136 Brian France chairman and CEO of NASCAR said that NASCAR also opposes the law 137 138 139 140 On September 12 2016 the NCAA the United States primary governing body for collegiate athletics stripped North Carolina of hosting rights for seven upcoming tournaments and championships held by the association including early round games of the 2017 NCAA Division I men s basketball tournament The NCAA argued that HB2 made it challenging to guarantee that host communities can help deliver an inclusive atmosphere 141 142 The Atlantic Coast Conference stated it was committed to its mission of equality and diversity and in conjunction with our schools we will continue to monitor all current events to ensure an inclusive and nondiscriminatory environment for all 132 On September 14 2016 the ACC s council of presidents voted to move all neutral site sports championships during the 2016 17 year including the ACC Football Championship Game out of North Carolina 143 144 On September 30 2016 the Board of Directors for the CIAA the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association decided to move 8 Conference Championships that were based in North Carolina The CIAA predominantly consists of Historically Black Colleges and Universities and issued a statement saying The CIAA s transition beginning with the relocation of 8 championships is the first step in demonstrating that the conference does not support laws which prevent communities from effectively protecting student athletes and fans 145 Music and performances edit Several musicians and entertainers have canceled shows in North Carolina in response to the law or are boycotting the state until it is repealed including Ani DiFranco 146 former Beatles drummer Ringo Starr 147 Boston 148 Demi Lovato Nick Jonas 149 150 Itzhak Perlman 151 and Maroon 5 152 Bruce Springsteen canceled a performance in Greensboro North Carolina scheduled for April 10 expressing solidarity for the North Carolina transgender community 153 154 management for the Greensboro Coliseum Complex estimated that it lost 100 000 in concession and parking revenue 155 Pearl Jam 156 lead singer Eddie Vedder explained their decision to cancel concerts in NC saying 157 158 We thought we could take the money and give it to them and still play the show But the reality is there is nothing like the immense power of boycotting and putting a strain And it s a shame because people are going to be affected that don t deserve it But it could be the way that ultimately is gonna affect change so again we just couldn t find it in ourselves in good conscience to cross a picket line when there was a movement Musical composer Stephen Schwartz will not allow Wicked to be produced in North Carolina 159 Cirque du Soleil cancelled their performances of Ovo in Greensboro and Charlotte and announced the cancellation of Toruk s performances in Raleigh saying they are opposed to discrimination in any form The new HB2 legislation passed in North Carolina is an important regression to ensuring human rights for all 160 161 Other musicians and entertainers have criticized the law but chosen not to cancel shows or boycott Cyndi Lauper turned her concert in Raleigh into an event to build public support to repeal HB2 and committed to donating profits from the show to Equality North Carolina 162 Mumford and Sons performed in Charlotte but donated some of the proceeds to an LGBT organization 146 Laura Jane Grace a transgender rock musician and lead singer of the punk rock band Against Me stated that the band would not be boycotting North Carolina but would donate money from their concert to Time Out Youth an LGBT advocacy group 146 Beyonce did not cancel her concert in Raleigh but posted a statement on her website promoting equality and calling for fans to donate to Equality NC She also sent out a photo of herself wearing a popular t shirt being sold by Equality NC 163 164 The band Duran Duran went ahead and performed in the state but spoke out against HB2 at their concerts 165 Jimmy Buffett strongly criticized the law but said I am not going to let stupidity or bigotry trump fun for my loyal fans this year 166 Alabama Shakes said they opposed the law but We couldn t just say No we re not showing up and I m sorry your government is behaving this way 167 168 Brandi Carlile also spoke out against the law but chose not to cancel shows in Wilkesboro and Greensboro 146 Dave Matthews Band announced they would donate a portion of the proceeds from their concert scheduled in Charlotte to five LGBT groups in an effort to repeal House Bill 2 169 The Lumineers announced they would protest House Bill 2 by providing gender neutral bathrooms at their concert in Cary North Carolina 170 Noah Bendix Balgley the classical violinist and First Concertmaster with the Berliner Philharmoniker spoke against House Bill 2 while performing at a concert with the North Carolina Symphony at UNC Memorial Hall in Chapel Hill He dedicated the encore to members of the LGBT community who currently do not feel safe or welcome in the state of North Carolina 171 Selena Gomez was set to cancel her concert in Charlotte but decided to continue with it and donate half of the proceeds from Revival Tour Charlotte to an LGBT Charity based in North Carolina saying I learned from an early age that everyone should be treated equally and I ve been reassured the venue I m performing in has gender neutral bathrooms I want everyone coming to my show to feel welcome 172 Visual and literary arts edit Author and poet Sherman Alexie canceled a book talk in Asheville because of House Bill 2 146 173 Author David Sedaris decided not to cancel a sold out event of over 1 000 people at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington instead deciding to donate the proceeds to Equality NC 174 175 Eric Shiner director of The Andy Warhol Museum canceled a lecture he was scheduled to give to a Master of Fine Arts class at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill saying he regretted having to cancel but could not go as a director of a museum who represents an iconic gay artist 146 Legal challenges editNC Attorney General does not defend the bill edit North Carolina Attorney General and Democratic gubernatorial candidate Roy Cooper said that House Bill 2 was unconstitutional 176 and that he would not defend it in court 177 178 but would defend state agencies against it 179 McCrory criticized his decision 179 However Cooper has been accused of opportunism for having used HB2 and the corporate boycott surrounding it as leverage to boost his bid for governor against the then incumbent Governor McCrory 180 Private litigation edit On March 28 2016 the American Civil Liberties Union the ACLU of North Carolina Lambda Legal and Equality North Carolina filed a lawsuit challenging House Bill 2 in the U S District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina Carcano v McCrory 181 182 183 The groups argue that the law violates the Equal Protection and Due Process clauses of the United States Constitution specifically in that it discriminates on the basis of sex and sexual orientation and is an invasion of privacy for transgender people 184 On April 21 2016 Beverly Newell and Kelly Trent a lesbian couple from Charlotte were added as plaintiffs after they were denied service by a fertility clinic in North Carolina 185 The same day Hunter Schafer a transgender high school student at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in Winston Salem was added as another plaintiff in the case 186 On April 19 2016 a three judge panel of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in favor of transgender high school student Gavin Grimm in G G v Gloucester County School Board The ruling upheld the Department of Education s interpretation that Title IX s prohibition against discrimination on the basis of sex should be read broadly to include discrimination on the basis of gender identity 187 Although House Bill 2 was not at issue in Grimm s lawsuit which originated in Virginia the ruling has controlling status in the Fourth Circuit which includes North Carolina 187 188 President pro tempore of the North Carolina Senate Phil Berger reacted negatively to the Fourth Circuit decision People need to wake up Roy Cooper Barack Obama and two unelected federal judges are on the verge of completing their radical social reengineering of our society by forcing middle school aged girls to share school locker rooms with boys House Bill 2 was our effort to stop this insanity and I hope this proves the bathroom safety bill has nothing to do with discrimination and everything to do with protecting women s privacy and keeping men out of girls bathrooms 189 The Gloucester County School Board moved for rehearing en banc but the Fourth Circuit declined to rehear the case making its decision final barring a grant of certiorari by the Supreme Court 190 On October 28 2016 the Supreme Court announced that it had granted certiorari as to two of the three questions presented in a Petition for Writ of Certiorari meaning that final disposition of the case will come from the Supreme Court 191 On May 11 the conservative Alliance Defending Freedom filed a lawsuit in the U S District Court for Eastern North Carolina on behalf of unnamed students and parents seeking to overturn the federal government s interpretation of federal law and to bar it from withholding federal funds 192 193 On May 16 an ACLU lawyer appealed to U S District Judge Thomas D Schroeder to suspend the law until its constitutionality can be fully evaluated 30 On August 26 Schroeder granted a preliminary injunction preventing the University of North Carolina from enforcing the restroom provisions of the bill 194 Litigation between North Carolina and the United States edit On May 4 2016 the United States Department of Justice notified McCrory the North Carolina Department of Public Safety and the University of North Carolina system that House Bill 2 violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and gave McCrory until May 9 2016 to confirm that North Carolina would not implement or comply with the bill 195 196 197 198 Failure to comply could result in a halt of billions of dollars in federal funding to the state 199 including 1 4 billion for the UNC system and 800 million for federally backed student loans 200 McCrory and North Carolina lawmakers said the Department of Justice s intervention was orchestrated by the Obama Administration but White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said These kinds of enforcement actions are made independent of any sort of political interference or direction from the White House Those are decisions that are made entirely by attorneys at the Department of Justice 201 McCrory said that the Department of Justice received multiple requests for an extension of the deadline but told him that a one week extension would be granted only if he conceded that the bill was discriminatory 202 On May 9 2016 McCrory filed one lawsuit and Senate leader Phil Berger and House Speaker Tim Moore filed a second lawsuit against the United States both in the Eastern District of North Carolina seeking declaratory judgment that House Bill 2 was not discriminatory 203 204 McCrory s lawsuit which he later withdrew on September 16 2016 to avoid the substantial costs of litigating two similar lawsuits 205 called the Justice Department s position a radical reinterpretation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 206 Later on May 9 the Department of Justice filed suit against North Carolina in the Middle District of North Carolina asking the court to stop the state from discriminating against transgender people saying it was in violation of Title VII and the Violence Against Women Act 207 Attorney General Loretta Lynch described the lawsuit This action is about a great deal more than just bathrooms This is about the dignity and respect we accord our fellow citizens and the laws that we as a people and as a country have enacted to protect them indeed to protect all of us It s about the founding ideals that have led this country haltingly but inexorably in the direction of fairness inclusion and equality for all Americans This is not a time to act out of fear This is a time to summon our national virtues of inclusivity diversity compassion and open mindedness What we must not do what we must never do is turn on our neighbors our family members our fellow Americans for something they cannot control and deny what makes them human 208 Margaret Spellings the president of the University of North Carolina which is one of the defendants in the federal government s lawsuit told the Department of Justice that the University has not taken any steps to enforce House Bill 2 on its campuses and that it has and will continue to comply with the requirements of Title IX VAWA and Title VII but also has an obligation to adhere to laws duly enacted by the State 209 The letter has been variously described as showing UNC intends to follow House Bill 2 210 def ying the governor and legislature and saying it intends to act in compliance with federal law 211 or walk ing a fine line assuring federal officials that it will follow federal law while not refusing to follow HB2 212 On May 26 Spellings confirmed that UNC will not take any steps to enforce HB2 213 Efforts to repeal or modify editExecutive Order 93 edit On April 12 2016 Governor McCrory signed Executive Order 93 officially called Executive Order No 93 to Protect Privacy and Equality regarding House Bill 2 214 215 216 The executive order requires all state agencies to serve all people equally when providing government services 214 reaffirms that private employers may but are not required to establish anti discrimination policies 214 and reaffirms that private employers may determine their own policies regarding use of bathrooms locker rooms and showers based on their own policies 214 This includes when a private entity rents governmental facilities 214 In the executive order McCrory also supported new legislation restoring a cause of action in state courts for victims of illegal employment discrimination 214 Although McCrory promoted the executive order as a compromise in response to nationwide backlash House Bill 2 remained largely intact 217 218 219 220 and companies that spoke out against the law reaffirmed their opposition 221 House Bill 946 and Senate Bill 784 edit On April 25 2016 the first day back in session since House Bill 2 was passed in special session Democratic legislators in the House of Representatives introduced House Bill 946 officially called An Act to Repeal House Bill 2 of the 2016 Second Extra Session and to Appropriate Funds to the Human Relations Commission 222 The bill was filed by Darren Jackson Graig Meyer Susi Hamilton and Grier Martin and co sponsored by Ed Hanes Rosa Gill Yvonne Holley and Chris Sgro The bill currently has no support from Republicans who control both chambers of the legislature and a committee hearing has not yet been arranged or secured with chamber leaders 222 223 Two days later the Senate filed the identical Senate Bill 784 224 225 226 The bill was sponsored by Senators Terry Van Duyn Jeff Jackson and Mike Woodard and assigned to the Senate s Ways and Means Committee 226 House Bill 169 edit In June 2016 WBTV obtained a copy of draft legislation to issue certificates of sex reassignment to individuals who had sex reassignment surgery but were born in states that do not issue updated birth certificates following that procedure 227 EqualityNC opined that the draft did nothing to restore the common sense protections passed by the Charlotte City Council earlier this year 227 228 and it did not pass In House Bill 169 229 the state made only one revision restoring residents right to bring claims of discrimination in state courts 230 Mediation by the private sector edit On September 16 2016 after working to broker a compromise with state lawmakers the North Carolina Restaurant and Lodging Association issued a press release stating that the General Assembly would call a special session to repeal House Bill 2 if the Charlotte City Council voted to repeal Ordinance 7056 during their session on September 19 231 232 The NCRLA and the Charlotte Chamber called for both laws to be promptly repealed 233 On September 19 2016 Mayor Roberts said that the city was not prepared to discuss repealing Ordinance 7056 at the city council meeting scheduled for later that day 234 No motion was made for a repeal Mediation by Governor elect Cooper edit After lobbying by Governor elect Roy Cooper the Charlotte City Council agreed to the aforementioned arrangement and voted 10 0 on December 19 for a repeal of the public accommodations provisions of Ordinance 7056 conditioned on the state repealing HB2 by December 31 McCrory then called a special legislative session for the purpose of repealing HB2 235 236 however the NC Senate ultimately defeated the proposal 237 after lawmakers learned Charlotte had not repealed the entire ordinance even though Charlotte City Council voted again December 21 to correct the situation also removing the requirement that the legislature also act 236 Partial repeal edit On March 23 2017 the NCAA warned that North Carolina would not be selected to host championship games through 2022 unless House Bill 2 was repealed 238 The Association s statement made on Twitter and disseminated to the media prompted state lawmakers to seriously consider repealing parts of the law 238 Last year the NCAA Board of Governors relocated NCAA championships scheduled in North Carolina because of the cumulative impact HB2 had on local communities ability to assure a safe healthy discrimination free atmosphere for all those watching and participating in our events Absent any change in the law our position remains the same regarding hosting current or future events in the state As the state knows next week our various sports committees will begin making championships site selections for 2018 2022 based upon bids received from across the country Once the sites are selected by the committee those decisions are final and an announcement of all sites will be made on April 18 National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA 239 The next week on March 28 the NCAA set a 48 hour deadline for the state to repeal the bill 238 240 241 242 On March 30 2017 a bill to eliminate HB2 s bathroom regulations but retain other parts of the law 243 was passed by the North Carolina legislature and signed into law by Governor Roy Cooper 244 245 246 The partial repeal was criticized by both conservatives and equal rights groups 14 Representative Chris Sgro labeled the bill as HB 2 0 saying the bill merely doubles down on discrimination 247 Sarah Gillooly policy director of the NC ACLU called it a fake repeal and the ACLU said it would keep anti LGBT provisions of HB2 in place and continue to single out and target transgender people and that they would continue to fight it in court 248 The Human Rights Campaign and Lambda Legal also opposed the bill On July 23 2019 federal judge Thomas D Schroeder approved the 2017 settlement clarifying that transgender people have the right to use restrooms in state owned buildings that match their gender identities 249 250 Full repeal edit The remainder of HB2 which barred local governments from passing anti discrimination ordinances was repealed on December 1 2020 by a sunset provision which was inserted below the partial repeal in House Bill 142 passed on March 30 2017 251 A narrow provision remains on the books which gives the North Carolina General Assembly the sole authority to pass any future regulations related to government owned bathrooms In response to the full repeal on December 1 2020 many local governments across North Carolina almost immediately enacted local laws to protect LGBT people from discrimination and other local governments are considering passing similar local laws 16 Popular opinion editPolls by Public Policy Polling and others have consistently found that a majority of North Carolinians say HB2 has negatively impacted the state s economy and public image and that more Carolinians say they oppose the law than support it 252 253 254 In polls residents of rural communities are more supportive of the law than those in urban areas 255 One poll in April 2016 253 and another in May 256 found that 56 of North Carolinians supported the provision barring transgender people from using bathrooms corresponding to their gender identity Another poll in May found that 50 want to see it repealed while 38 think it should remain law 257 A pair of polls in April and May found that most North Carolinians including a majority of women feel the law has not made the state any safer 252 257 258 By August 2016 only 30 of North Carolinians still supported HB2 and in December 2016 Public Policy Polling reported that the widespread unpopularity of HB2 was given as the dominant reason for Republican Governor Pat McCrory s defeat at the hands of Roy Cooper that year the first time an incumbent North Carolina Governor had lost re election since the incumbent Governor Charles Manly was defeated in 1850 259 260 261 Criticism editPublic demonstrations edit nbsp A rainbow feather boa hung over the Sir Walter Raleigh statue outside the Raleigh Convention Center in protest of House Bill 2There have been numerous rallies against House Bill 2 including in Raleigh on March 24 hundreds of people marched through Raleigh to the North Carolina Executive Mansion 262 and on April 1 people protested outside the Legislative Building 263 There have also been protests in Winston Salem on March 25 264 Asheville on March 25 300 protesters rallied with Rev Jasmine Beach Ferrara director of Campaign for Southern Equality 265 Burlington on March 16 266 and Hendersonville on April 15 267 On April 3 2016 over 700 people gathered at a rally in Greensboro to protest the law 268 269 There have been demonstrations and protest actions at Salem College on April 12 270 High Point University 271 Wake Forest University 272 East Carolina University in Greenville on March 31 273 the University of North Carolina at Asheville 274 and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro 275 276 where the protest included a rally inside an administrative building and a march across campus to block a city intersection at Tate and Spring Garden streets in the College Hill Historic District 277 278 Another protest was held in Greensboro on April 13 2016 on the campus of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University 279 There was also a rally at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte on April 7 280 Students from Warren Wilson College went to Raleigh to protest the legislation 281 Students at North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Pembroke and at Wilmington held bathroom sit ins 282 In early April 2016 more than 100 students at Appalachian State University held a rally and week long protest against the bill in the university s administrative building 283 Students blocked traffic in downtown Boone as part of the protest 284 The group Appalachian State Student Power demanded that the University Chancellor Sheri Everts and UNC System President Margaret Spellings to publicly denounce the law 285 On March 29 2016 hundreds of people protesting against House Bill 2 shut down Franklin Street in Chapel Hill North Carolina for several hours 286 287 288 On April 13 a rally organized by the Queer and Trans People of Color Collective in Uptown Charlotte stopped traffic for over twenty minutes 289 290 Some protests have been part of the Moral Mondays civil disobedience movement including one on April 25 2016 when protesters were forced to leave their seats in the viewing gallery after loudly protesting as the House adjourned for the day 291 By the end of the day fifty four protesters were arrested eighteen who had been arrested earlier and thirty six more who refused to leave including Mara Keisling executive director of the National Center for Transgender Equality 292 Protesters had stood outside House Speaker Tim Moore s office and on the ground floor of the Legislative Building 293 180 000 signed petitions against House Bill 2 were brought to the legislative building during the Moral Monday protests 294 Also on April 1 students at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington held a protest A rally was held later that evening in Wilmington blocking traffic at the intersections of Oleander and College Roads 295 296 297 At an open house at the governor s western residence in Asheville on May 14 2016 protesters from Tranzmission Black Lives Matter and JustEconomics of Western North Carolina gathered to show opposition to House Bill 2 298 299 Political edit Local government edit In response to the restrictions on local governance and LGBT protections numerous North Carolina cities and municipalities passed resolutions criticizing House Bill 2 Chapel Hill 300 Marion 301 Nags Head 302 Duck 303 Durham 304 305 Winston Salem 306 Wilmington 307 and the state capital of Raleigh 308 passed resolutions calling for the law to be repealed Additionally Orange County 309 called for HB2 s repeal Greensboro 310 Hillsborough 311 Greenville 312 and Asheville 313 also passed resolutions opposing the bill Asheville Mayor Esther Manheimer called the bill an overreach and an inappropriate reaction to Charlotte s non discrimination ordinance 314 Buncombe County 315 Chatham County 316 Durham County 317 and Wake County 318 also approved measures expressing opposition to the law Carrboro passed a resolution that the town would partner with other local jurisdictions and advocacy groups to take legal action against House Bill 2 calling it discriminatory and arguably unconstitutional 319 320 Margaret Spellings the recently appointed president of the UNC system has said that while public universities are obligated to follow the law they do not endorse it She later expressed concern that House Bill 2 might discourage prospective faculty and students from coming to North Carolina and said she hoped the law would be changed 200 Federal government edit On March 28 2016 the White House condemned the law 321 and on April 22 U S President Barack Obama speaking in London in response to Britain s reaction to the law called for House Bill 2 to be repealed 322 On April 18 2016 the United States Commission on Civil Rights issued a statement stating that House Bill 2 jeopardizes not only the dignity but also the actual physical safety of transgender people 323 324 Presidential candidates edit Some Republican 2016 U S presidential candidates have publicly stated they would not have signed House Bill 2 including Ohio Governor John Kasich and businessman Donald Trump Kasich defended his position against the law by saying Why do we have to write a law every time we turn around in this country Can t we figure out just how to get along a little bit better and respect one another 325 326 Speaking about the economic impact that the law has had on North Carolina Trump said North Carolina did something that was very strong and they re paying a big price and there s a lot of problems and when asked which restroom a transgender person should use in one of his buildings he said that they should use whichever one they re most comfortable using 327 After he became the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party Trump altered his stance and supported the law on July 6 in Raleigh 328 Later on he emphasized that the states should be allowed to decide on the matter despite his personal stance 329 330 The Democratic 2016 presidential candidates former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders both condemned the law 331 Appointment of Chris Sgro edit Approximately two weeks after the passage of House Bill 2 Chris Sgro the leader of Equality NC the largest LGBT advocacy organization in North Carolina was selected to fill a vacancy in the North Carolina House of Representatives making him the only openly LGBT member of the North Carolina General Assembly at the time Pursuant to state law the local Guilford County Democratic Party Executive Committee had the responsibility for filling the vacancy 332 Chris Sgro quickly became the most vocal opponent of House Bill 2 in the General Assembly often publicly clashing with the governor 333 Commercial edit Large American corporations have been a driving force behind the movement to repeal House Bill 2 334 335 336 337 338 Hundreds of companies have publicly announced their opposition to the law 7 339 340 341 342 On March 29 2016 an open letter signed by 80 corporate CEOs against House Bill 2 was sent to Governor McCrory 343 The law has cost the state more than 1750 jobs and more than 77 million worth of investments and visitor spending 52 Eleven lobbyists say legislators have told them that if they or the businesses they represent criticize House Bill 2 House and Senate leaders won t move legislation they want and may pass laws targeting them legislators said they did not know anything about that 344 On April 19 2016 in response to bathroom bills in North Carolina and other states Target announced that their customers and employees may use the bathroom or fitting room associated with their gender identity 345 346 Religious groups edit Christian edit Numerous Christian institutions and clerical leaders have criticized the law and called for its repeal including the leadership of the Presbyterian Church USA 347 congregations of the Religious Society of Friends 348 the North Carolina Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 349 350 351 and a group of fourteen pastors of the Metropolitan Community Church 352 Four bishops of the Episcopal Church Anne Hodges Copple G Porter Taylor Robert Skirving and Peter James Lee 353 said it discriminated against the LGBT community workers and the poor The Episcopal bishops called on North Carolina Episcopalians to strive for justice and peace among all people and respect the dignity of every human being 354 and called on the legislature to repeal the law saying we encourage our leaders to listen to the experiences of LGBT citizens and to seek to understand their lives and circumstances 355 The Alliance of Baptists also encouraged participation in a day of action against the law 356 William Barber II a Disciples of Christ minister and board member of the NAACP also called for repeal 357 as did John C Dorhauer General Minister and President of the United Church of Christ who said I cannot know what the struggle is like to claim your identity in a culture like ours where even the power of the state is brought to bear to enact discriminatory laws that embolden hatred vitriol and ignorance My outrage over this cannot be contained I have no desire to contain it 358 On April 25 2016 359 the incumbent United Methodist bishops in North Carolina Hope Morgan Ward and Larry M Goodpaster and the retired bishops Charlene P Kammerer William Henry Willimon C P Minnick Jr Thomas Stockton Lawrence McCleskey and Ray Chamberlain called for the repeal of House Bill 2 360 saying 361 We observe the hurried passage of House Bill 2 HB2 and its resultant harm to North Carolina to individuals to our economy to our engagements with other states and nations and to our future We call for the repeal of HB2 We urge all United Methodists to engage in prayer in study of the issues in patient listening and persevering conversation with others who hold differing opinion and in courageous advocacy for what is right just and good for all people in North Carolina The United Methodist Women have also taken a stand against HB2 and are planning to move their Mission u training program in May 2017 from Charlotte to Jacksonville Florida They are planning to have an action against HB2 in Charlotte in January 2017 during its Leadership Development Days training program Harriet Jane Olson Chief Executive Officer of United Methodist Women said Discrimination in employment and public accommodation based on sexual orientation today is no more acceptable than discrimination based on race was 75 years ago Ms Olson said In 1942 our predecessors stood against racial segregation and moved the Assembly from St Louis Missouri to Columbus Ohio so that black and white members could stay in the same hotels Today s decision is a current application of the same principle caring for all our members paying attention to where and how we spend their Mission Giving and standing with those who are oppressed 362 Michael Francis Burbidge bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Raleigh criticized House Bill 2 and called for a replacement of the legislation with another remedy that will defend human dignity avoid any form of bigotry respect religious liberty and the convictions of religious institutions work for the common good and be discussed in a peaceful and respectful manner 363 364 The North Carolina Council of Churches stated that House Bill 2 is making discrimination easier in NC and puts us on the wrong side of the prophets who preached justice and mercy calling on us to be better than our fears and to transcend our biases On April 24 2016 the council EqualityNC and the Equality Federation brought Christian ethicist David P Gushee Vice President of the American Academy of Religion and President Elect of the Society of Christian Ethics to speak in Durham about the ethical implications of the law for people of faith 365 366 367 Jewish edit Forty five rabbis signed a letter expressing deep dismay with House Bill 2 368 The letter stated As leaders of a faith community which has repeatedly suffered from state sponsored discrimination and citizen based prejudice we will not stand idly by as our North Carolina legislature weakens the legal protections of our Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender brothers and sisters The Torah teaches that all human beings are created in the image of God and imbued with infinite value In that spirit we declare that our state should under no circumstance desecrate the holiness and dignity of any citizen 369 The Jewish Federation of Durham Chapel Hill and Carolina Jews for Justice spoke out against the legislation 370 On April 10 2016 Rabbi Stephen Roberts wrote in the Watauga Democrat that Christians and Jews alike should not support House Bill 2 371 On April 26 2016 North Carolina Jewish leaders held a news conference shortly before a Passover prayer service with lawmakers in the North Carolina State Legislative Building in Raleigh While speaking at the conference Rabbi Lucy Dinner of Temple Beth Or said HB2 targets one of the most vulnerable groups in our society and eviscerates their ability to participate actively in community 360 369 Others edit The Southeast Unitarian Universalist Summer Institute said they were saddened that House Bill 2 places lesbian gay bisexual and transgender North Carolinians at risk of physical emotional and legal damage It also threatens the safety and comfort of LGBT visitors to North Carolina 372 The Charlotte Clergy Coalition for Justice an interfaith organization announced they would financially support the plaintiffs in the Carcano v McCrory lawsuit challenging House Bill 2 373 The Wiccan communities of North Carolina spoke out against the law saying it was discriminatory 374 Press edit The Charlotte Observer 375 The New York Times 376 The Washington Post 377 News amp Record 378 The News amp Observer 379 Asheville Citizen Times 380 and The Fayetteville Observer 381 condemned House Bill 2 On September 15 2016 during a lunch event in Charlotte where McCrory was expected to take questions from reporters McCrory avoided questions about House Bill 2 by instead responding to questions provided to him by his staff 382 The Charlotte Observer reported that three of the questions were incorrectly attributed to them When a reporter for The Charlotte Observer tried to ask McCrory a question afterwards he responded by saying We ve got three Observer questions answered already I think you guys dominate the news enough 383 International edit United Kingdom edit On April 21 2016 Britain s Foreign and Commonwealth Office issued a travel advisory directed at their LGBT citizens visiting the United States specifically North Carolina and Mississippi In it they said The U S is an extremely diverse society and attitudes towards LGBT people differ hugely across the country LGBT travellers may be affected by legislation passed recently in the states of North Carolina and Mississippi 384 385 386 The Human Rights Campaign called it both frightening and embarrassing that one of our nation s staunchest allies has warned its citizens of the risks of travel In a parliamentary answer to Labour MP Cat Smith Foreign Office Minister Hugo Swire said the British government had expressed concerns to the authorities in North Carolina stating Our Consul General in Atlanta raised our concerns with the North Carolina Commerce Secretary on 19 April This Government is opposed to all forms of discrimination We are committed to ensuring that all LGBT people are free to live their lives in a safe and just environment 387 European Union edit On May 12 2016 the European Union criticized North Carolina for House Bill 2 as well as Mississippi for the Religious Liberty Accommodations Act and Tennessee for SB 1556 388 The official statement read The recently adopted laws including in the states of Mississippi North Carolina and Tennessee which discriminate against lesbian gay bisexual transgender and intersex persons in the United States contravene the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to which the US is a State party and which states that the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection As a consequence cultural traditional or religious values cannot be invoked to justify any form of discrimination including discrimination against LGBTI persons These laws should be reconsidered as soon as possible The European Union reaffirms its commitment to the equality and dignity of all human beings irrespective of their sexual orientation and gender identity We will continue to work to end all forms of discrimination and to counter attempts to embed or enhance discrimination wherever it occurs around the world 389 Advocacy groups edit On April 21 the National Task Force to End Sexual and Domestic Violence Against Women a coalition of over two hundred national state and local organizations against sexual assault and domestic violence against women issued a statement opposing anti transgender initiatives writing that discriminating against transgender people does nothing to decrease the risk of sexual assault and noting that of the 18 states and more than 200 municipalities with anti discrimination laws protecting transgender people s access to facilities consistent with the gender they live every day none have seen a rise in sexual violence or other public safety issues due to nondiscrimination laws 390 391 Public figures and others edit Many celebrities and other public figures publicly denounced House Bill 2 including Elton John 392 Michael Jordan 393 Montel Williams 394 Laverne Cox 395 396 Janet Mock 397 Caitlyn Jenner 398 399 Chris Sacca 400 401 George Takei 402 Beyonce 163 403 Ellen DeGeneres 404 Stephen Colbert and Jamie Lee Curtis 405 A number of arts organizations and events also called for its repeal 406 407 408 The Arts amp Science Council of Charlotte Mecklenburg stated that HB2 puts our cultural sector and its role in attracting a talented workforce creative individuals major exhibitions and performances educators tourists and other cultural opportunities at risk 409 410 Support editPolitical edit McCrory applauded the passage of House Bill 2 referring to transgender people by their assigned sex and saying the ordinance approved by Charlotte s city council had defied common sense 411 despite four months earlier stating that transgender identity is a complex issue and is best handled with reason and compassion at the local level 412 McCrory says news outlets critical of House Bill 2 are distorting the truth and smearing the state 413 414 Defending House Bill 2 during a press conference McCrory said the law did not take away any rights 415 but his interpretation was widely disputed 415 416 417 418 419 420 Surry County Board of Commissioners voted to sever ties with PayPal after the company pulled out of Charlotte over HB2 at their May 16 2016 meeting 421 Davidson County Board of Commissioners 422 Randolph County Board of Commissioners 423 Ashe County Board of Commissioners 424 Cape Carteret Board of Commissioners 425 Rockingham County Board of Commissioners 426 Stokes County Board of Commissioners 427 as well as Indian Beach Board of Commissioners 425 and Old Fort Board of Aldermen 428 have all signed resolutions of support for HB2 Presidential candidates edit U S senator and Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz supported the bill bringing it up frequently during campaign appearances 429 430 On July 6 2016 at a rally in Raleigh North Carolina Republican presidential candidate front runner Donald Trump was asked by The News and Observer if he stood by his previous rejection of House Bill 2 Trump altered his stance saying The state they know what s going on they see what s happening and generally speaking I m with the state on things like this I ve spoken with your governor I ve spoken with a lot of different people and I m going with the state 328 Religious organizations edit On March 28 2016 two religious organizations the NC Values Coalition and the Keep NC Safe Coalition released a list of forty one businesses which the organizations said had signed a letter of support for House Bill 2 The organizations said their list included over 300 businesses but could only publicly name forty one of them because others were afraid of retaliation 431 The only national company listed Hanesbrands was subsequently removed after it was learned a single employee had listed the company without permission At least one other company has been removed from the public list for similar reasons 432 On May 24 2016 forty preachers most of whom were African American rallied at the State Capitol to defend House Bill 2 saying they did not view LGBT rights as civil rights 433 A contingent of 80 pastors and faith leaders representing North Carolina s Hispanic communities rallied in support of HB2 at the state legislative building on June 14 2016 434 On August 10 2016 the Church of God in Christ announced they still plan to hold their 2017 annual Auxiliary in Ministry or AIM conference despite HB2 The 2016 Conference accounted for 14 million in tourism to Cincinnati Ohio 435 Public demonstrations edit On April 25 2016 hundreds of supporters gathered at the Halifax Mall in downtown Raleigh Speakers focused on the section of the law that requires people to use bathrooms in public facilities that correspond to the sex on their birth certificate and quoted biblical scripture in defense of the law The crowd was encouraged to visit legislators offices in show of support and to boycott Target which had recently announced that employees and customers could use the restroom and fitting room that correspond to their gender identity 436 The organizations held a series of prayer vigils in Greensboro Raleigh Charlotte Havelock Greenville New Bern Fayetteville Marshville and Jacksonville to show public support for HB2 437 438 439 See also editHouse Bill 142 State bans on local anti discrimination laws in the United States Bathroom bill LGBT rights in North Carolina Robin Tanner leading efforts to repeal HB2 External links editFull text of Public Facilities Privacy amp Security Act Full text of Executive Order No 93 Full text of House Bill 946 Archived April 29 2016 at the Wayback MachineReferences edit Philipps Dave March 23 2016 North Carolina Bans Local Anti Discrimination Policies The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 5 2019 What Just Happened In North Carolina TPM March 24 2016 Retrieved March 27 2016 Shoichet Catherine E April 5 2016 North Carolina transgender law Is it discriminatory CNN Retrieved April 25 2016 a b North Carolina General Assembly House Bill 2 Information History 2016 Second Extra Session ncleg net Retrieved March 27 2016 North Carolina Green Party Condemns Lawmakers on HB2 www gp org Archived from the original on April 20 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 5 Things to Know About North Carolina s Radical Anti LGBT Law Human Rights Campaign Archived from the original on May 14 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 a b North Carolina LGBT Law State Blocks Anti Discrimination Measures NPR March 24 2016 Retrieved March 27 2016 Gordon Michael Price Mark S Peralta Katie March 26 2016 Understanding HB2 North Carolina s newest law solidifies state s role in defining discrimination The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 9 2016 Tan Avianne March 24 2016 North Carolina s Controversial Anti LGBT Bill Explained ABC News Retrieved May 9 2016 How North Carolina signed a bill dubbed the most anti LGBT law in the U S PBS NewsHour March 24 2016 Retrieved May 9 2016 Kopan Tal Scott Eugene March 24 2016 North Carolina governor signs controversial transgender bill CNN Retrieved May 9 2016 The True Trauma Trigger That the North Carolina Bathroom Bill Is Designed to Prevent National Review March 30 2016 Retrieved May 12 2016 Stephanie Russell Kraft What s Behind the Common Sense Rhetoric of Bathroom Bill USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism Religion Dispatches May 12 2016 a b Fausset Richard March 30 2017 Bathroom Law Repeal Leaves Few Pleased in North Carolina The New York Times Retrieved March 30 2017 North Carolina LGBTQIA activists celebrate end of ban on non discrimination ordinances Retrieved April 21 2021 a b Local governments cautious deliberate as they craft non discrimination ordinances Retrieved April 21 2021 a b City Clerk gt City Clerk PDF Charmeck org Retrieved March 31 2017 a b Council approves changes to non discrimination ordinance charmeck org Retrieved March 27 2016 Charlotte LGBT ordinance fails 6 5 in contentious meeting Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 30 2016 Joint proclamation to convene the General Assembly of North Carolina in extra session PDF North Carolina General Assembly March 22 2016 a b Tal Kopan and Eugene Scott North Carolina governor signs controversial transgender bill March 24 2016 CNN a b Eleven Dems Voted for House Bill 2 We Called to Ask Why indyweek com Indy Week March 30 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 HB2 RollCall NC Special Session on Bathrooms KeepNCSafe North Carolina General Assembly Vote History ncleg net Retrieved May 14 2016 a b Confusion Around North Carolina s Newest Law Goes Beyond Bathrooms wfae org March 25 2016 Retrieved April 13 2016 Campbell Colin April 20 2016 Transgender suicide hotline reports spike in calls following House Bill 2 News amp Observer Retrieved August 13 2016 Byrne Kelly April 26 2016 Transgender suicide hotline reports call increase after HB2 WNCT Retrieved August 13 2016 Kutner Max May 1 2016 Denying Transgender People Bathroom Access Is Linked to Suicide Newsweek com Newsweek Retrieved August 13 2016 As North Carolina grapples with the fallout from its new bathroom law which says that people must use public restrooms matching the gender on their birth certificates and a dozen states consider similar bills a new study suggests an association between denied access to restrooms and suicide attempts by transgender people Khazan Olga May 19 2016 The True Harm of Bathroom Bills Atlantic Retrieved August 13 2016 Target s move meanwhile was seen as a response to a new North Carolina law that requires people in government buildings to use the bathroom that corresponds with the sex on their birth certificate in effect forcing post transition transgender people to use the bathroom of the opposite sex There s no evidence that municipalities that have protected trans people s restroom access have seen a spike in public safety issues But according to some studies not having protected restroom access can be harmful for trans people a b Gordon Michael May 16 2016 ACLU asks judge to suspend HB2 for ongoing and serious harm www newsobserver com The News amp Observer Retrieved May 17 2016 a b c Samantha Michaels We Asked Cops How They Plan to Enforce North Carolina s Bathroom Law Mother Jones April 7 2016 NPR All Things Considered North Carolina Police Say They Can t Enforce Transgender Bathroom Law May 10 2016 Diedrick Russell Are there any teeth to House Bill 2 WBTV April 30 2016 Lin Tom C W Incorporating Social Activism December 1 2018 98 Boston University Law Review 1535 2018 Leslie Laura September 21 2016 Cancellations over HB2 make headlines but barely dent NC economy WRAL News Capitol Broadcasting Company Inc Retrieved September 22 2016 AP Exclusive Price tag of North Carolina s LGBT law 3 76B Bigstory ap org May 12 2016 Archived from the original on March 31 2017 Retrieved March 31 2017 How AP tallied the cost of North Carolina s bathroom bill AP NEWS Associated Press March 27 2017 Berman Mark North Carolina s bathroom bill cost the state at least 3 7 billion new analysis finds The Washington Post Retrieved March 31 2017 PayPal Withdraws Plan for Charlotte Expansion Retrieved May 10 2016 Rothacker Rick Portillo Ely Peralta Katherine April 5 2016 PayPal withdraws plans for Charlotte expansion over HB2 The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 N C House Bill 2 prompts backlash in Durham nationally The Chronicle Retrieved May 10 2016 Ely Portillo Red Ventures expansion at risk CEO tells McCrory April 5 2016 The Charlotte Observer Eavis Peter April 12 2016 Deutsche Bank Freezes North Carolina Expansion in Protest of Bias Law The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved April 12 2016 Kamp Jon Bauerlein Valerie Deutsche Bank Freezes North Carolina Expansion Citing Transgender Law Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved April 12 2016 Rothackerrrothacker Rick October 25 2016 Charlotte loses 730 job operations center over House Bill 2 The Charlotte Observer Retrieved March 31 2017 Charlotte loses out on 730 job headquarters because of HB2 www bizjournals com Retrieved June 26 2020 Joe Bruno Charlotte loses out on 250 million due to House Bill 2 Wsoc Tv Archived from the original on November 8 2016 Retrieved March 31 2017 Lee Steve April 14 2016 San Diego based consumer electronics audio company boycotts sales to North Carolina LGBT Weekly Archived from the original on April 28 2016 Retrieved May 9 2016 Full Interview NC Gov Pat McCrory Discusses His State s Bathroom Law NBC News Retrieved May 10 2016 Jarvis Craig April 17 2016 Gov McCrory defends NC s HB2 on Meet the Press The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 NBC s Chuck Todd Destroys Pat McCrory s Defense Of North Carolina Anti LGBT Law ThinkProgress ThinkProgress Retrieved May 10 2016 a b HB2 Has Cost NC 1750 Jobs 77 Million Time Warner Cable News North Carolina Archived from the original on November 14 2016 Did losing PayPal over HB2 really cost Charlotte 285 million Charlotte Observer May 25 2016 California Blocks Travel to North Carolina Over Anti LGBT Law www advocate com September 28 2016 Connecticut governor bars state travel to North Carolina ABC 13 News March 31 2016 Moini Nina April 2 2016 Gov Dayton Joins Others In Banning Nonessential State Travel To N Carolina CBS Minnesota Statements from Governor Dayton and Lt Governor Smith on Stopping Non Essential State Employee Travel to Mississippi Office of the Governor Newsroom April 22 2016 Archived from the original on April 21 2016 Retrieved April 22 2016 New York bans non essential state travel to North Carolina The Charlotte Observer March 28 2016 Archived from the original on April 1 2016 Retrieved March 29 2016 Stewart Ali March 29 2016 Vermont governor joins Cuomo in banning unnecessary travel to North Carolina NEWS10 ABC Orenstein Walker March 29 2016 Washington Governor Bans State Travel to North Carolina ABC News Ban on travel to the State of North Carolina PDF Localtvwtkr files wordpress com Archived from the original PDF on September 23 2016 Retrieved April 2 2016 D C mayor bans D C government employees from traveling to North Carolina WTKR com March 24 2016 Retrieved April 2 2016 Ohio county bans North Carolina travel after state enacts law blocking gay rights ordinances Ohio com April 6 2016 a b Shah Parth April 18 2016 Madison Dane County Ban Employee Travel To North Carolina Wisconsin Public Radio News Sewell Abby April 26 2016 Franklin County commissioners ban employee travel to North Carolina Mississippi NBC4i com L A County supervisors pass ban on travel to North Carolina Los Angeles Times April 26 2016 Riley John April 27 2016 Montgomery County Council approves resolution to ban travel to anti LGBT states Metro Weekly I m appalled this is happening PDX Mayor cancels trip to Mississippi over anti gay law KATU April 6 2016 Armon Rick April 8 2016 Summit County Executive Russ Pry bars business travel to North Carolina Akron Beacon Journal Atlanta Mayor Bans City Employee Travel To NC Over LGBT Law 90 1 FM WABE April 5 2016 Prudente Tim May 10 2016 Baltimore mayor bans government travel to N C Mississippi over transgender laws The Baltimore Sun Bajko Matthew April 28 2016 Berkeley adopts hate states travel contract ban The Bay Area Reporter Boston City Council passes travel ban to North Carolina The Boston Globe March 30 2016 Chicago mayor says he plans to poach businesses from North Carolina WTVD TV March 31 2016 Coolidge Sharon April 11 2016 Cincinnati set to ban government travel to N C Miss Cincinnati Enquirer Lucas Sullivan May 2 2016 City Council approves 1 billion capital budget bans N C travel The Columbus Dispatch Rodzinka Paul April 8 2016 Dayton Mayor bans travel to NC Mississippi WDTN Hofschneider Anita April 7 2016 Honolulu Won t Fund Travel To NC Miss Honolulu Civil Beat Long Beach council suspends city travel to North Carolina Mississippi due to anti LGBT laws June 22 2016 Los Angeles Bars Worker Travel To North Carolina Mississippi Over Laws CBS Sacramento April 15 2016 Miami Beach mayor sponsors resolution banning North Carolina Mississippi travel WPLG Local 10 April 12 2016 Archived from the original on April 23 2016 Retrieved April 13 2016 Nahmias Laura March 29 2016 New York City instituting non essential travel ban to North Carolina for city employees POLITICO New York Ngo Emily March 29 2016 Cuomo de Blasio ban state and NYC worker travel to N C Newsday Oakland mayor on board with travel bans Bay Area Reporter April 7 2016 a b Villarreal Yezmin April 8 2016 Ten U S Mayors Form Pro LGBT Coalition The Advocate Portland Maine bans travel to Mississippi North Carolina Richmond County Daily Journal April 26 2016 Retrieved September 29 2021 Portland City Council passes North Carolina travel ban KGW March 30 2016 McGowan Dan April 8 2016 Elorza bans employee travel to N C Miss following controversial laws WPRI 12 Laitner Bill April 12 2016 Royal Oak joins protest of North Carolina s LGBT law Detroit Free Press Harrie Dan April 12 2016 Salt Lake City Mayor Jackie Biskupski bans city travel to states that have passed anti LGBT laws The Salt Lake Tribune Niraj Chokshi March 26 2016 San Francisco mayor bars city workers travel to North Carolina over transgender bathroom law Washington Post Retrieved March 27 2016 Fernandez Lisa May 17 2016 San Jose Votes to Ban Government Travel to North Carolina Mississippi NBC Bay Area Santa Fe bans most travel to Mississippi North Carolina over anti LGBT laws Santa Fe New Mexican April 6 2016 Connelly Joel March 28 2016 Mayor Murray bans official travel to North Carolina because of anti gay law KOMO News The Latest NY Governor Seattle Mayor Ban Travel to NC ABC News March 28 2016 Council prohibits non essential city related travel to North Carolina September 20 2016 Archived from the original on December 20 2016 Retrieved December 6 2016 West Palm Mayor issues North Carolina travel ban after state approves controversial anti LGBT bill WPTV TV March 28 2016 Barszewski Larry April 8 2016 Wilton Manors employees won t be going to North Carolina Mississippi Sun Sentinel Archived from the original on April 14 2016 Retrieved April 13 2016 N C travel ban count mounts now at 18 cities 12 News April 14 2016 Archived from the original on April 23 2016 Retrieved April 16 2016 High Point Market March 28 2016 High Point Market Press Center Press highpointmarket org Archived from the original on March 31 2016 Retrieved April 1 2016 High Point Market says House Bill 2 causing businesses to cancel attendance Winston Salem Journal Local News Journalnow com March 28 2016 Retrieved April 1 2016 Killian Joe March 28 2016 High Point Market Authority North Carolina s new law significantly hurts business Greensboro com Greensboro News amp Record Local Business Retrieved April 1 2016 Killian Joe May 27 2016 Crowd thins slightly at NC furniture market after LGBT law HDR Hickory Daily Record Retrieved May 30 2016 a b Specht Paula April 18 2016 HB2 has quadrupled economic losses a b Perlmutt David April 8 2016 13 groups drop plans for Charlotte events more could come over HB2 The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 NC cities say they re feeling impact of HB2 backlash ABC11 Raleigh Durham April 12 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 HB2 groups that are definite or nearly definite but pushing back PDF The Outer Banks Voice HB2 results in cancellation of Duck P D sponsored conference The Outer Banks Voice April 6 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Metro will boycott North Carolina conference in protest of anti LGBT bathroom law Los Angeles Times April 9 2016 TEGNA States cities ban employee travel to Mississippi N C KENS Archived from the original on May 11 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Lucas Sullivan Columbus Franklin County to curtail travel to North Carolina The Columbus Dispatch Archived from the original on May 4 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Bellamy Cammie Architects conference leaves Wilmington over HB2 StarNews Online Nemarich Kate April 25 2016 Convention moved from Wilmington due to HB2 WWAY TV HB2 costs Asheville 1 5M conference Citizen Times April 25 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Sinclair Broadcast Group April 25 2016 Asheville conference estimated to have 1 5 million impact canceled due to HB2 WLOS Retrieved May 10 2016 SIGMOD 2017 ANNOUNCEMENT Retrieved February 22 2017 ACM s Open Conference Principle and Political Reality Retrieved February 22 2017 Campbell Colin TV film production companies to leave NC over LGBT law News amp Observer Dirty Dancing moves ahead despite industry s opposition to HB2 Citizen Times a b Daniel Holloway January 28 2016 Fox A E Threaten North Carolina Boycott in Response to Anti LGBT Law Variety Retrieved April 2 2016 Production studios threaten to boycott NC unless HB2 repealed Archived from the original on April 21 2016 Retrieved April 26 2016 Elisha Fieldstadt March 26 2016 Rob Reiner Calls for Filming Boycott in North Carolina Over Anti LGBT Law NBC News Retrieved March 27 2016 Liberal filmmaker Michael Moore pulls movies from NC following House Bill 2 newsobserver Retrieved May 10 2016 Peralta Katherine Rothacker Rick March 24 2016 American Airlines Apple NBA denounce NC law ending LGBT protections The Charlotte Observer Retrieved March 27 2016 Tim Bontemps March 25 2016 If North Carolina doesn t change discriminatory LGBT legislation NBA must move All Star Game Washington Post Retrieved March 27 2016 SI Wire March 24 2016 NBA North Carolina anti LGBT law could impact Charlotte All Star game si com Retrieved March 27 2016 NCAA s Mark Emmert expressed concerns to North Carolina governor over anti gay measure USA TODAY March 26 2016 Retrieved March 27 2016 Adam Silver NBA ESPN Radio NBA s Silver LGBT law must change to keep 2017 All Star Game in Charlotte Charlotte Observer April 21 2016 Jeff Zillgitt NBA moving 2017 All Star Game from Charlotte due to anti LGBT bill USA TODAY Sports 9 57 p m EDT July 21 2016 HB 2 opponents Loss of NBA All Star Game was deep preventable WRAL com Capitol Broadcasting July 22 2016 Retrieved July 22 2016 Sgro estimated the losses from the game could top 100 million a b c Alexander Chip March 30 2016 ACC NBA NHL to monitor assess North Carolina s controversial HB2 The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 Steven J Gaither March 25 2016 Panthers mum on controversial N C law as Hornets Hurricanes Steph Curry speak up Sporting News Retrieved May 10 2016 Nick Martin March 25 2016 Steph Curry North Carolina pro sports teams weigh in on new LGBT law Washington Post Retrieved May 10 2016 Hornets owner Michael Jordan speaks out on HB2 law in North Carolina CBSSports com Retrieved May 10 2016 Jordan on HB2 Hornets opposed to discrimination in any form Yahoo Sports April 27 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 NASCAR opposes HB2 chairman says The Charlotte Observer April 22 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Kevin Ramsell April 27 2016 NASCAR chairman opposes North Carolina s anti LGBT HB2 law Outsports Retrieved May 10 2016 NASCAR chairman says sport opposes North Carolina s HB2 myfox8 com April 22 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 NASCAR s Brian France says sport opposes controversial new N C law Motorsport com April 22 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 NCAA moving tournament games from North Carolina starting this December Outsports SB Nation Vox Media September 12 2016 Retrieved September 13 2016 Stack Liam September 12 2016 N C A A Moves Championship Events From North Carolina Citing Anti Gay Laws The New York Times Retrieved September 13 2016 Historically bad ACC pulls championships from NC WRAL com September 14 2016 Adelson Andrea September 14 2016 ACC moving neutral site title games from N C ESPN Retrieved September 14 2016 Cooper Mariah September 30 2016 CIAA latest to cancel games in North Carolina over HB2 Washingtonblade com Retrieved March 31 2017 a b c d e f Sarah Delia April 19 2016 How The Arts Community Is Responding To HB2 Retrieved May 10 2016 ABC News Ringo Starr Cancels NC Concert Over Bathroom Bill Cyndi Lauper Turns Hers Into a Rally ABC News Retrieved May 10 2016 Boston BOSTON CANCELS 3 MAY NORTH CAROLINA SHOWS FROM Facebook Facebook Retrieved May 10 2016 Nick Jonas Demi Lovato Cancel N C Shows to Protest HB2 Rolling Stone Demi Lovato Nick Jonas Charlotte show canceled over HB2 The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 Violinist Itzhak Perlman scraps N C concert over discriminatory law Culture May 17 2016 Martha Waggoner Maroon 5 Citing Morality Cancels North Carolina Concerts ABC News May 20 2016 Kludt Tom April 8 2016 Bruce Springsteen cancels North Carolina concert over bathroom law CNN Retrieved April 8 2016 Springsteen cancels North Carolina concert over anti LGBT law BBC April 8 2016 Retrieved April 8 2016 Menconi David April 24 2016 Musicians ask To boycott or not to boycott North Carolina over HB2 WRAL April 18 2016 Pearl Jam Boston cancel NC concerts in opposition to HB2 WRAL com Retrieved May 10 2016 Hear Eddie Vedder s Powerful Speech on Pearl Jam s North Carolina Boycott Rolling Stone North Carolina cancellation rap I Am a Patriot Pearl Jam 4 18 16 YouTube No Wicked for NC Composer Stephen Schwartz bans NC shows over HB2 The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 CIRQUE DU SOLEIL WILL NOT PERFORM IN NORTH CAROLINA Facebook Retrieved May 10 2016 Izadi Elahe April 15 2016 Cirque du Soleil cancels North Carolina shows to protest LGBT law The Washington Post Why Cyndi Lauper Won t Cancel Her North Carolina Concert Out Magazine a b Equality NC Works To Prove Y all Means All Beyonce Retrieved May 10 2016 Villarreal Yezmin April 21 2021 Beyonce Puts Anti LGBT N C on Blast Y All Means All The Advocate RuPaul s Drag Race queens protest North Carolina s anti LGBT law Gay Times May 19 2016 Archived from the original on May 20 2016 Retrieved May 21 2016 Jimmy Buffett April 10 2016 North Carolina Margaritaville Blog Lockett Dee April 22 2016 Will Beyonce and Justin Bieber Boycott North Carolina A Guide to Who s Protesting the South s Anti LGBTQ Laws Vulture Grant Sarah April 22 2016 Alabama Shakes on N Carolina Bathroom Bill It Was Wrong Rolling Stone Dave Matthews Band to Donate North Carolina Concert Proceeds to Equality Groups Billboard May 24 2016 Wain Madison May 23 2016 The Lumineers will provide gender neutral bathrooms at North Carolina concert Entertainment Weekly Live N C Symphony Handles Beethoven and Addresses HB 2 at Memorial Hall Indy Week Retrieved May 10 2016 Keith Caulfield Selena Gomez Will Perform in North Carolina Donate Proceeds to Local LGBT Group June 3 2016 Billboard Author Sherman Alexie cancels NC tour Malaprop s event due to HB2 Citizen Times April 8 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 North Carolina Booksellers Continue to Foster Conversation on H B 2 American Booksellers Association Retrieved May 10 2016 David Sedaris considered cancelling UNCW appearance over HB2 StarNewsOnline com Retrieved May 10 2016 North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper won t defend transgender law in court WGHP as Fox8 March 29 2016 NC attorney general refuses to defend state from HB2 legal challenge The Charlotte Observer Retrieved April 1 2016 North Carolina AG Anti LGBT law a national embarrassment CBS News March 29 2016 Retrieved April 1 2016 a b Anne Blythe NC attorney general refuses to defend state from HB2 legal challenge March 29 2016 News amp Observer EDITORIAL Gov Cooper promotes corporate intimidation Carteret County New Times April 25 2021 ACLU and other groups present legal challenge to House Bill 2 The Charlotte Observer March 28 2016 Retrieved April 1 2016 ACLU Sues Over Controversial North Carolina Transgender Bathroom Law ABC News March 28 2016 Retrieved April 1 2016 Carcano et al v McCrory et al Complaint Westcott Lucy March 28 2016 North Carolina being sued by ACLU over its anti LGBT law www newsweek com Newsweek LLC Retrieved May 17 2016 Charlotte lesbian couple join HB2 lawsuit alleging discrimination by fertility clinic The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 Transgender UNC School of the Arts student joins HB2 federal lawsuit myfox8 com April 21 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 a b Fausset Richard April 19 2016 Appeals Court Favors Transgender Student in Virginia Restroom Case New York Times Retrieved May 16 2016 Ilona Turner Why the Gavin Grimm Decision Is Game Changing for the Fight Against Anti Trans Legislation Huffington Post April 20 2016 NC weighs impact on HB2 after US court overturns Virginia transgender bathroom rule Associated Press April 19 2016 U S Court Denies Motion to Reconsider Transgender Bathroom Ruling Reuters May 31 2016 via The New York Times Order List 580 U S PDF www supremecourt gov Colleen Jenkins North Carolina students sue U S over stance on bathroom access May 11 2016 Reuters Jane Stancill Students parents file federal lawsuit in support of HB2 May 11 2016 The News amp Observer Geidner Chris August 26 2016 Federal Judge Orders UNC Not To Enforce Bathroom Bill Provision Of Anti LGBT Law BuzzFeed Retrieved August 26 2016 US Justice Department HB2 violates Civil Rights Act The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 Feds Tell North Carolina Governor That Anti LGBT Law Violates Civil Rights Act The Huffington Post May 4 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Julia Glum May 4 2016 North Carolina s HB 2 Violates Federal Civil Rights Law Justice Department Says Report International Business Times Retrieved May 10 2016 Dept of Justice Civil Rights Division Letter to Gov Pat McCrory May 4 2016 ABC News NC College System s Federal Funds in Crosshairs of LGBT Law ABC News Retrieved May 10 2016 a b WRAL May 8 2016 McCrory Feds being a bully over HB2 WRAL com Retrieved May 10 2016 NC leaders divided on whether they ll meet Obama administration s deadline on House Bill 2 The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 Gov Pat McCrory wants more time to respond to feds on House Bill 2 newsobserver Retrieved May 10 2016 Craig Jarvis Anne Blythe Michael Gordon McCrory NC lawmakers sue Justice Department over HB2 feds counter with lawsuit May 9 2016 The Charlotte Observer WRAL May 9 2016 McCrory lawmakers want courts to declare HB2 doesn t discriminate WRAL com Retrieved May 10 2016 WTVD McCrory drops House Bill 2 lawsuit cites costs abc11 com Retrieved March 31 2017 McLaughlin Elliot C Berlinger Joshua May 9 2016 North Carolina sues U S Justice Department over bathroom bill CNN Retrieved May 9 2016 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTFOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA PDF Retrieved June 26 2020 Justice Department Files Complaint Against the State of North Carolina to Stop Discrimination Against Transgender Individuals May 9 2016 Letter of May 9 2016 from Margaret Spellings of the University of North Carolina to Vanita Gupta Archived February 5 2017 at the Wayback Machine hosted by The News amp Observer Tyler Kingkade Why It s Unlikely North Carolina Schools Would Lose Federal Funding Over HB 2 May 10 2016 Huffpost Politics Joe Sterling Eliott C McLaughlin and Joshua Berlinger North Carolina U S square off over transgender rights May 10 2016 CNN Jane Stancill UNC President Spellings UNC system caught in middle of state federal fight on HB2 May 9 2015 The News amp Observer Mark Joseph Stern University of North Carolina Won t Enforce Anti Trans Law May 31 2016 a b c d e f Executive Order No 93 To Protect Privacy and Equality Archived April 12 2016 at the Wayback Machine Office of Governor Pat McCrory April 12 2016 McCrory Pat Affirming and Improving North Carolina s Commitment to Privacy and Equality Medium April 12 2016 McCrory issues executive order on House Bill 2 adds protections for gays and transgender people Archived April 13 2016 at the Wayback Machine WNCN Goldsboro North Carolina Media General Communications Holdings LLC April 12 2016 North Carolina Governor Tries to Step Back From Bias Law The New York Times April 13 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 After McCrory s order little real change The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 David A Graham April 12 2016 North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory Issues Statement Clarifying Controversial LGBT Law HB2 The Atlantic The Atlantic Retrieved May 10 2016 Michelle Ye Hee Lee April 18 2016 North Carolina governor s misleading claim about his executive order and the LGBT law Washington Post Retrieved May 10 2016 Companies continue HB2 pushback following McCrory s executive order The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 a b House Bill 946 N C Democrats File Bill to Repeal HB 2 The Advocate GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINASESSION 2015 PDF North Carolina General Assembly Senate Bill 784 Information History 2015 2016 Session Retrieved May 10 2016 a b House Bill 2 repeal legislation sent to Senate committee that never meets newsobserver Retrieved May 10 2016 a b WBTV June 28 2016 NC House leadership drafts HB2 changes amid pressure from NBA WBTV com Retrieved June 29 2016 WPMT June 29 2016 NBA Michael Jordan join HB2 talks Fox43 com Retrieved June 29 2016 HB169 ACT TO RESTORE THE STATE TORT CLAIM FOR WRONGFUL DISCHARGE PDF NC General Assembly Retrieved July 13 2016 COLIN CAMPBELL Legislature repeals only lawsuit provision of HB2 CharlotteObserver com Retrieved July 13 2016 NCRLA Media Statement on Charlotte City Ordinance 7056 and House Bill 2 North Carolina Restaurant and Lodging Association Ncrla org September 16 2016 Archived from the original on September 20 2016 Retrieved March 31 2017 Governor s office HB2 repeal possible if Charlotte drops LGBT ordinance first The Charlotte Observer September 16 2016 Retrieved March 31 2017 Portillo Ely September 18 2016 Charlotte Chamber Let s hit reset on HB2 LGBT ordinance The Charlotte Observer Retrieved March 31 2017 Morrilljmorrill Jim September 19 2016 Mayor Roberts Charlotte City Council won t consider LGBT ordinance repeal this week The Charlotte Observer Retrieved March 31 2017 Morrill Jim Harrison Steve December 19 2016 Gov Pat McCrory calls for special legislative session Wednesday to repeal HB2 News amp Observer Retrieved December 20 2016 a b Morrill Jim Harrison Steve Campbell Colin December 22 2016 What s behind the collapse of the HB2 deal News amp Observer Retrieved December 23 2016 Burns Matthew Binker Mark December 21 2016 HB2 repeal proves more difficult than expected WRAL TV Raleigh N C Retrieved December 21 2016 a b c NCAA warns North Carolina to repeal HB2 or lose events until 2022 The Charlotte Observer March 23 2017 Retrieved March 31 2017 Inside the NCAA March 23 2017 NCAA reaffirms North Carolina championship stance Twitter Retrieved September 29 2021 Scott Dupree November 25 2014 Scott Dupree on Twitter PLEASE READ Important update involving the NCAA and the North Carolina bids for 2018 2022 Twitter com Retrieved March 31 2017 Update from Scott Dupree pdf Google Drive Retrieved March 31 2017 Politics March 31 2016 NCAA delivers 48 hour ultimatum for North Carolina to repeal HB2 Business Insider Retrieved March 31 2017 By Understanding the HB2 repeal law what it does and doesn t do The Charlotte Observer Hanna Jason Park Madison McLaughlin Eliott C March 30 2017 North Carolina repeals bathroom bill CNN Fausset Richard March 29 2017 North Carolina Strikes a Deal to Repeal Restrictive Bathroom Law The New York Times via NYTimes com Berman Mark Phillips Amber North Carolina governor signs bill repealing and replacing transgender bathroom law amid criticism Washington Post Retrieved June 26 2020 Don t Be Fooled The North Carolina Compromise Doesn t Actually Protect Transgender Rights Retrieved April 21 2021 ACLU ACLU Opposes HB2 Proposal that Would Continue Discrimination American Civil Liberties Union American Civil Liberties Union of North Carolina Retrieved March 31 2017 Holpuch Amanda July 23 2019 North Carolina trans people given right to use bathrooms matching identity The Guardian Retrieved July 23 2019 Agreement affirms North Carolina transgender restroom rights NBC News Associated Press July 23 2019 Retrieved July 23 2019 North Carolina LGBTQ activists celebrate end of ban on non discrimination ordinances Retrieved April 21 2021 a b HB 2 Deeply Unpopular in North Carolina Voters Think It s Hurting State Public Policy Polling April 25 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 survey data a b WRAL April 12 2016 WRAL News poll NC voters conflicted over HB2 WRAL com Retrieved May 10 2016 survey data NC Governor s Race Remains Tied HB2 Still Unpopular Public Policy Polling June 24 2016 Retrieved July 25 2016 House Bill 2 finds support from many in rural NC communities newsobserver Retrieved May 10 2016 Civitas NC Voters Support HB2 May 2016 Poll nccivitas org Archived from the original on July 22 2016 Retrieved July 14 2016 a b HB2 Continues To Have Little Support From North Carolinians Public Policy Polling May 24 2016 Retrieved May 24 2016 Craig Jarvis Poll shows HB2 unpopular May 24 2016 Charlotte Observer Why Pat McCrory Lost and What It Means in Trump s America accessed January 12 2017 NC Governor McCrory Concedes Closely Contested Governor s Race accessed January 12 2017 NCPedia biography for Governor Charles Manly accessed February 19 2018 Hundreds protest HB2 in downtown Raleigh ABC11 Raleigh Durham Retrieved May 10 2016 Opponents of HB2 peacefully protest in Raleigh ABC11 Raleigh Durham Retrieved May 10 2016 Rally Held in Winston Salem to Protest State s New Non Discrimination Law TWC News March 26 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Anti LGBT law protesters Full of resolve and love Citizen Times March 24 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Anna Johnson Anti HB2 rally draws crowd from Alamance County The Times Retrieved May 10 2016 Over 100 protesters at Henderson Co courthouse demand HB2 repeal WSPA com April 16 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Hundreds of Protesters Rally at Greensboro Church Against HB2 TWC News April 3 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 More than 700 people attend anti House Bill 2 rally in Greensboro myfox8 com April 4 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Salem College students protest HB2 law and school s stance on the measure Winston Salem Journal April 12 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 HPU P R I D E 15 APR 2016 Day of Silence HB2 Protest High Point University Evensi Retrieved May 10 2016 Cheryl Walker April 11 2016 Wake Forest University Faculty Adopt Resolution Against HB2 Wake Forest University News Retrieved May 14 2016 WCTI12 Students protest House Bill 2 on ECU campus WCTI12 Retrieved May 10 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Sinclair Broadcast Group March 25 2016 UNC Asheville students weigh in on HB2 with protest WLOS Retrieved May 10 2016 UNCG students protest HB2 Video Greensboro News amp Record April 5 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 UNCG protests HB 2 THE CAROLINIAN April 13 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 TEGNA UNCG Students Block Greensboro Street During HB2 Protest WFMY Retrieved May 10 2016 Hundreds of UNCG Students Gather to Protest House Bill 2 TWC News April 5 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 N C A amp T students add voices to HB2 protests Greensboro News amp Record April 13 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 FOX UNC Charlotte students protest UNC system s HB2 support WJZY Retrieved May 10 2016 Sinclair Broadcast Group March 24 2016 Locals protest after McCrory signs House Bill 2 into law WLOS Retrieved May 10 2016 Deery Jenna April 8 2016 UNC system students protest HB2 WSOCTV Retrieved September 29 2021 TEGNA App State students publicly protest HB2 WCNC Retrieved May 10 2016 App State students protest NC transgender law in Boone WSOC Archived from the original on May 11 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 App State Students Hold March and Rally on Thursday To Protest HB2 Law High Country Press April 7 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Hundreds block Chapel Hill s Franklin St while protesting House Bill 2 WNCN March 30 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Hundreds shut down Franklin Street protesting House Bill 2 Retrieved May 10 2016 WRAL March 29 2016 HB2 protesters close Franklin Street for hours WRAL com Retrieved May 10 2016 Protesters take to the streets against HB2 at Trade and Tryon The Charlotte Observer Retrieved May 10 2016 Alex Giles April 13 2016 HB2 protest shuts down intersection in uptown Charlotte Retrieved May 10 2016 54 arrests made in HB2 protest as lawmakers convene ABC11 McKirdy Euan N C protesters arrested following HB2 demos CNN Retrieved May 5 2016 Greensboro pastor arrested in HB2 protest WXII12 April 26 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Bill O Neil April 25 2016 Petitions filed to repeal HB2 WXII12 Retrieved May 10 2016 WECT Staff Molly Oak April 1 2016 Protesters in Wilmington rally against HB2 Archived from the original on April 17 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 UNCW students local activists rally against HB2 StarNewsOnline com Retrieved May 10 2016 Protesters gather at UNCW against HB2 WWAY TV3 April 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Protesters assembled in opposition and support of HB2 McCrory Hinton Evan Donovan and Justin May 14 2016 Multiple protests in Asheville Saturday supporting and opposing McCrory and HB2 Chapel Hill Town Council urges repeal of House Bill 2 The News amp Observer March 28 2016 In the March 28 2016 special session Chapel Hill unanimously affirmed the dignity of lesbian gay bisexual and transgender people and commended Charlotte for their historic achievement and particularly for their courageous leadership in standing for dignity and equality in North Carolina s largest city Conley Mike April 6 2016 Marion City Council to state Repeal House Bill 2 McDowellNews com LeBlanc Deanna April 7 2016 Nags Head votes to openly oppose so called bathroom bill WAVY TV Former mayor Bob Oakes called the law a total embarrassment to the state of North Carolina Duck Council calls for repeal Tourism Board opts to wait Outer Banks Sentinel May 3 2016 Durham City Council calls for House Bill 2 s repeal The News amp Observer April 7 2016 Durham city council passes resolution opposing HB2 ABC April 8 2016 Retrieved September 29 2021 Luck Todd April 21 2016 City Council passes anti HB 2 resolution WS Chronicle ILM STANDS AGAINST HB2 Wilmington City Council calls for the repeal of House Bill 2 Encore Online April 26 2016 Specht Paul April 19 2016 Raleigh City Council calls for repeal of HB2 The News amp Observer Raleigh North Carolina The McClatchy Company Retrieved April 19 2016 Raleigh s resolution followed a statement from Mayor Nancy McFarlane in support of the local transgender community and an advisory by Raleigh s Human Relations Commission urging the City Council to take an official stance against the law Orange County commissioners join call for HB2 repeal The News amp Observer April 20 2016 After long debate Greensboro council passes resolution opposing HB2 Greensboro News amp Record April 5 2016 permanent dead link Griffeth Carleigh April 12 2016 NC town passes resolution opposing House Bill 2 WNCN Archived from the original on May 2 2016 Retrieved April 28 2016 The Board called the law an attack on a locality s right to govern Greenville City Council passes resolution to oppose House Bill 2 law WNCT April 11 2016 Patrick Emily April 14 2016 Asheville City Council calls for HB2 repeal The Citizen Times Jeremy Loeb March 31 2016 HB2 Starting to Impact Asheville s Tourism Industry City Council to Consider Protest Resolution WCQS Hesse Dan April 6 2016 Buncombe County Commissioners argue about hear public input on HB2 Mountain Xpress Hodge Blake April 20 2016 Chatham Commission Chair HB2 is Steaming Pile of Prejudice Chapelboro Durham County NC on Twitter Durham County Commissioners lend unanimous approval to resolution opposing HB2 Public Facilities Privacy amp Security Act Wake commissioners leader distances county from HB2 The News amp Observer April 4 2016 Carrboro Passes Model Resolution Against HB2 Condemns State Lawmakers IndyWeek March 27 2016 CCarrboro Leads the Charge on Condemning HB2 Chapelboro com April 14 2016 Retrieved September 29 2021 Martin Jacquelyn March 28 2016 White House calls NC HB2 mean spirited The Charlotte Observer com Retrieved May 7 2016 Burns Matthew April 22 2016 Obama says HB2 should be overturned WRAL Retrieved September 29 2021 Berman Mark April 19 2016 Civil rights commission says N C bathroom law jeopardizes physical safety of transgender people The Washington Post Retrieved April 19 2016 The U S Commission on Civil Rights Issues Statement Condemning Recent State Laws and Pending Proposals Targeting the Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender Community PDF April 19 2016 Retrieved April 19 2016 John Kasich I wouldn t sign North Carolina s House Bill 2 April 10 2016 John Kasich I Wouldn t Have Signed The Anti LGBT Bill That Passed In N Carolina TPM April 9 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Donald Trump comes out against North Carolina s HB2 ABC11 Raleigh Durham April 21 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 a b Campbell Colin July 6 2016 LGBT groups blast Trump for voicing support for HB2 in Raleigh The Charlotte Observer Retrieved July 12 2016 Backstage with Donald Trump before his Raleigh speech The News amp Observer Retrieved July 7 2016 Donald Trump amends stance on North Carolina transgender bathroom law CBS News April 22 2016 Retrieved December 17 2016 Walsh Michael April 25 2016 Transgender rights Where 2016 candidates stand on bathroom bills Yahoo News Retrieved September 29 2021 Leader of LGBT rights organization named to state Legislature April 9 2016 Pat McCrory Has Lost It July 22 2016 Archived from the original on September 25 2016 Retrieved September 27 2016 James Surowiecki April 25 2016 When North Carolina s legislators tried to limit L G B T rights big business was their toughest opponent The New Yorker Retrieved May 10 2016 Jena McGregor April 5 2016 Corporate America s embrace of gay rights has reached a stunning tipping point Washington Post Retrieved May 10 2016 Anti Gay Laws Bring Backlash in Mississippi and North Carolina The New York Times April 6 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 How Corporate America Became A Major LGBT Ally The Huffington Post April 15 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Katy Steinmetz North Carolina LGBT Law How Business Became a Key Ally TIME com Retrieved May 10 2016 Scangos George A March 26 2016 HB2 will set back NC s image and economy News amp Observer Newsobserver com Retrieved April 1 2016 An Open Letter to States Considering Imposing Discrimination Laws Yelp Yelpblog com March 27 2015 Retrieved April 1 2016 Yelp CEO in Open Letter Anti LGBT Religious Refusal Laws Harm States Economic Health Human Rights Campaign Hrc org March 26 2015 Archived from the original on March 23 2016 Retrieved April 1 2016 Janko Roettgers March 25 2016 Apple Facebook Google and Others Speak Out Against Anti LGBTQ Law Variety Variety Retrieved March 27 2016 Human Rights Campaign Letter PDF Hrc assets s3 website us east 1 amazonaws com Retrieved April 1 2016 Laura Leslie Lobbyists Lawmakers turn up pressure to quiet HB2 opponents May 11 2016 WRAL Continuing to Stand for Inclusivity Target Corporate Retrieved May 10 2016 Robert Mclean April 20 2016 Target takes stand on transgender bathroom controversy CNNMoney Retrieved May 10 2016 WRAL April 26 2016 Faith communities speak out against HB2 WRAL com Retrieved May 10 2016 The State of Discrimination quakerhouse org Quaker House Archived from the original on June 16 2016 Retrieved May 13 2016 N C Synod of Lutherans calls for repeal of House Bill 2 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on June 3 2016 Retrieved May 12 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link NC Synod Assembly to consider House Bill 2 Pastors of Metropolitan Community Churches Speak Out Against HB2 TWC News March 28 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 Methodist Episcopal bishops in North Carolina call for HB2 repeal newsobserver Retrieved May 10 2016 We oppose laws supporting discrimination against anyone by race religion color national origin sex sexual orientation gender identity age political affiliation genetic information or disability North Carolina bishops issue statement regarding HB2 Episcopal News Service Retrieved May 10 2016 A Statement from the Episcopal Bishops of North Carolina Regarding HB2 Diocesan House Retrieved May 10 2016 N C Baptist church joins fight against transgender bathroom bill Baptist News Global April 27 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 NC Republicans embrace pro HB2 religious groups Democrats distant from NAACP s Barber newsobserver Retrieved May 10 2016 Commentary HB2 United Church of Christ April 28 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 United Methodist bishops in NC call for repeal of HB2 ABC11 Raleigh Durham April 26 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 a b Episcopal Methodist bishops call for repeal of HB2 WNCN Archived from the original on May 2 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 From the United Methodist Bishops in North Carolina A More Excellent Way Bishop s Office April 25 2016 Retrieved May 10 2016 United Methodist Women stands against North Carolina s HB2 law August 17 2016 Catholic bishop of Raleigh diocese Replace HB2 newsobserver Retrieved May 10 2, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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