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Ringo Starr

April 30, 2023

"Ringo" redirects here. For other uses, see Ringo (disambiguation).
"Richard Starkey" redirects here. Not to be confused with Richard Starke or Richard Starkie.

Sir Richard Starkey[2] MBE[3] (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor who achieved international fame as the drummer for the Beatles. Starr occasionally sang lead vocals with the group, usually for one song on each album, including "Yellow Submarine" and "With a Little Help from My Friends". He also wrote and sang the Beatles songs "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden", and is credited as a co-writer of four others.

Sir

Ringo Starr

MBE
Starr in 2019
Born
Richard Starkey

(1940-07-07) 7 July 1940 (age 82)
Liverpool, England
Occupations
  • Musician
  • singer
  • songwriter
  • actor
Years active1957–present
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1965; div. 1975)​
  • ​
    (m. 1981)​
Children3, including Zak Starkey
Musical career
Genres
Instruments
  • Drums
  • vocals
Labels
Member ofRingo Starr & His All-Starr Band
Formerly of
Ringo Starr's voice
from the BBC programme Front Row, 31 December 2008[1]
Websiteringostarr.com
Signature

Starr was afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, with periods of prolonged hospitalisation. He briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship as a machinist at a Liverpool school equipment manufacturer. Soon afterwards, Starr became interested in the UK skiffle craze and developed a fervent admiration for the genre. In 1957, he co-founded his first band, the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group, which earned several prestigious local bookings before the fad succumbed to American rock and roll around early 1958. When the Beatles formed in 1960, Starr was a member of another Liverpool group, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes. After achieving moderate success in the UK and Hamburg, he quit the Hurricanes when he was asked to join the Beatles in August 1962, replacing Pete Best.

In addition to the Beatles' films, Starr has acted in numerous others. After the band's break-up in 1970, he released several successful singles including the US top-ten hit "It Don't Come Easy", and number ones "Photograph" and "You're Sixteen". His most successful UK single was "Back Off Boogaloo", which peaked at number two. He achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo, which was a top-ten release in both the UK and the US. Starr has featured in numerous documentaries, hosted television shows, narrated the first two series of the children's television program Thomas & Friends and portrayed "Mr. Conductor" during the first season of the PBS children's television series Shining Time Station. Since 1989, he has toured with thirteen variations of Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band.

Starr's playing style, which emphasised feel over technical virtuosity, influenced many drummers to reconsider their playing from a compositional perspective. He also influenced various modern drumming techniques, such as the matched grip, tuning the drums lower, and using muffling devices on tonal rings.[4] In his opinion, his finest recorded performance was on the Beatles' "Rain".[5] In 1999, he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame.[6] In 2011, Rolling Stone readers named him the fifth-greatest drummer of all time. He was inducted twice into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as a Beatle in 1988 and as a solo artist in 2015,[7] and appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music.[8] In 2020, he was cited as the wealthiest drummer in the world, with a net worth of $350 million.[9]

Early life

 
Starr's birthplace in Madryn Street, Dingle, Liverpool, in May 2013

Richard Starkey was born on 7 July 1940 at 9 Madryn Street in Dingle, an inner-city area of Liverpool. He is the only child of confectioners Richard Starkey (1913–1981) and Elsie Gleave (1914–1987).[10] Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing, a hobby that she shared with her husband, an avid fan of swing.[11] Prior to the birth of their son, whom they called "Richy", the couple had spent much of their free time on the local ballroom circuit, but their regular outings ended soon after his birth.[12] Elsie adopted an overprotective approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation. Subsequently, "Big Ritchie", as Starkey's father became known, lost interest in his family, choosing instead to spend long hours drinking and dancing in pubs, sometimes for several consecutive days.[12]

In an effort to reduce their housing costs, his family moved in 1944 to another neighbourhood in the Dingle, Admiral Grove; soon afterwards his parents separated, and they divorced within the year.[13] Starkey later stated that he has "no real memories" of his father, who made little effort to bond with him, visiting as few as three times thereafter.[14] Elsie found it difficult to survive on her ex-husband's support payments of thirty shillings a week, so she took on several menial jobs cleaning houses before securing a position as a barmaid, an occupation that she held for twelve years.[15]

 
Starr's childhood residence at 10 Admiral Grove, Dingle, Liverpool, in 2010

At the age of six, Starkey developed appendicitis. Following a routine appendectomy he contracted peritonitis, causing him to fall into a coma that lasted days.[16] His recovery spanned twelve months, which he spent away from his family at Liverpool's Myrtle Street children's hospital.[17] Upon his discharge in May 1948, his mother allowed him to stay at home, causing him to miss school.[18] At age eight, he remained illiterate, with a poor grasp of mathematics.[18] His lack of education contributed to a feeling of alienation at school, which resulted in his regularly playing truant at Sefton Park.[19] After several years of twice-weekly tutoring from his surrogate sister and neighbour, Marie Maguire Crawford, Starkey had nearly caught up to his peers academically, but in 1953, he contracted tuberculosis and was admitted to a sanatorium, where he remained for two years.[20] During his stay the medical staff made an effort to stimulate motor activity and relieve boredom by encouraging their patients to join the hospital band, leading to his first exposure to a percussion instrument: a makeshift mallet made from a cotton bobbin that he used to strike the cabinets next to his bed.[21] Soon afterwards, he grew increasingly interested in drumming, receiving a copy of the Alyn Ainsworth song "Bedtime for Drums" as a convalescence gift from Crawford.[22] Starkey commented: "I was in the hospital band ... That's where I really started playing. I never wanted anything else from there on ... My grandparents gave me a mandolin and a banjo, but I didn't want them. My grandfather gave me a harmonica ... we had a piano – nothing. Only the drums."[23]

Starkey attended St Silas, a Church of England primary school near his house where his classmates nicknamed him "Lazarus", and later Dingle Vale Secondary modern school, where he showed an aptitude for art and drama, as well as practical subjects including mechanics.[24] As a result of the prolonged hospitalisations, he fell behind his peers scholastically and was ineligible for the 11-plus qualifying examination required for attendance at a grammar school.[25] On 17 April 1954, Starkey's mother married Harry Graves at the register office on Mount Pleasant, Liverpool.[26] He was an ex-Londoner who had moved to Liverpool following the failure of his first marriage. Graves, an impassioned fan of big band music and their vocalists, introduced Starkey to recordings by Dinah Shore, Sarah Vaughan and Billy Daniels.[27] Graves stated that he and "Ritchie" never had an unpleasant exchange between them; Starkey later commented: "He was great ... I learned gentleness from Harry."[28] After the extended hospital stay following Starkey's recovery from tuberculosis, he did not return to school, preferring instead to stay at home and listen to music while playing along by beating biscuit tins with sticks.[29]

Beatles biographer Bob Spitz described Starkey's upbringing as "a Dickensian chronicle of misfortune".[30] Houses in the area were "poorly ventilated, postage-stamp-sized ... patched together by crumbling plaster walls, with a rear door that opened onto an outhouse."[30] Crawford commented: "Like all of the families who lived in the Dingle, he was part of an ongoing struggle to survive."[30] The children who lived there spent much of their time at Prince's Park, escaping the soot-filled air of their coal-fuelled neighbourhood.[30] Adding to their difficult circumstances, violent crime was an almost constant concern for people living in one of the oldest and poorest inner-city districts in Liverpool.[31] Starkey later commented: "You kept your head down, your eyes open, and you didn't get in anybody's way."[32]

After his return home from the sanatorium in late 1955, Starkey entered the workforce but was lacking in motivation and discipline; his initial attempts at gainful employment proved unsuccessful.[33] In an effort to secure himself some warm clothes, he briefly held a railway worker's job with British Rail, which came with an employer-issued suit. He was supplied with a hat but no uniform and, unable to pass the physical examination, he was laid off and granted unemployment benefits.[34] He then found work as a waiter serving drinks on a day boat that travelled from Liverpool to North Wales, but his fear of conscription into military service led him to quit the job, not wanting to give the Royal Navy the impression that he was suitable for seafaring work.[35] In mid-1956, Graves secured Starkey a position as an apprentice machinist at Henry Hunt and Son, a Liverpool school equipment manufacturer.[36] While working at the facility Starkey befriended Roy Trafford, and the two bonded over their shared interest in music.[37] Trafford introduced Starkey to skiffle, and he quickly became a fervent admirer.[37]

First bands: 1957–1961

See also: Rory Storm

Soon after Trafford piqued Starkey's interest in skiffle, the two began rehearsing songs in the manufacturing plant's cellar during their lunch breaks. Trafford recalled: "I played a guitar, and [Ritchie] just made a noise on a box ... Sometimes, he just slapped a biscuit tin with some keys, or banged on the backs of chairs."[37] The pair were joined by Starkey's neighbour and co-worker, the guitarist Eddie Miles, forming the Eddie Miles Band, later renamed Eddie Clayton and the Clayton Squares after a Liverpool landmark.[38] The band performed popular skiffle songs such as "Rock Island Line" and "Walking Cane", with Starkey raking a thimble across a washboard, creating primitive, driving rhythms.[39] Starkey enjoyed dancing as his parents had years earlier, and he and Trafford briefly took dance lessons at two schools. Though the lessons were short-lived, they provided Starkey and Trafford with an introduction that allowed them to dance competently while enjoying nights out on the town.[39]

On Christmas Day 1957, Graves gave Starkey a second-hand drum kit consisting of a snare drum, bass drum and a makeshift cymbal fashioned from a rubbish bin lid. Although basic and crude, the kit facilitated his progression as a musician while increasing the commercial potential of the Eddie Clayton band, who went on to book prestigious local gigs before the skiffle craze faded in early 1958 as American rock and roll became popular in the UK.[40]

In November 1959, Starkey joined Al Caldwell's Texans, a skiffle group who were looking for someone with a proper drum kit so that the group could transition from one of Liverpool's best-known skiffle acts to a full-fledged rock and roll band.[41][nb 1] They had begun playing local clubs as the Raging Texans, then Jet Storm and the Raging Texans before settling on Rory Storm and the Hurricanes shortly before recruiting Starkey.[43] About this time he adopted the stage name Ringo Starr; derived from the rings he wore and also because it implied a country and western influence. His drum solos were billed as Starr Time.[44]

By early 1960, the Hurricanes had become one of Liverpool's leading bands.[45] In May, they were offered a three-month residency at a Butlins holiday camp in Wales.[46] Although initially reluctant to accept the residency and end his five-year machinist apprenticeship that he had begun four years earlier, Starr eventually agreed to the arrangement.[47] The Butlins gig led to other opportunities for the band, including an unpleasant tour of US Air Force bases in France about which Starr commented: "The French don't like the British; at least I didn't like them."[48] The Hurricanes became so successful that when initially offered a highly coveted residency in Hamburg, they turned it down because of their prior commitment with Butlins.[49] They eventually accepted, joining the Beatles at Bruno Koschmider's Kaiserkeller on 1 October 1960, where Starr first met the band.[50] Storm's Hurricanes were given top-billing over the Beatles, who also received less pay.[51] Starr performed with the Beatles during a few stand-in engagements while in Hamburg. On 15 October 1960, he drummed with John Lennon, Paul McCartney and George Harrison, recording with them for the first time while backing Hurricanes singer Lu Walters on the George Gershwin/DuBose Heyward aria "Summertime".[52][nb 2] During Starr's first stay in Hamburg he also met Tony Sheridan, who valued his drumming abilities to the point of asking Starr to leave the Hurricanes and join his band.[54]

The Beatles: 1962–1970

Main article: The Beatles

Replacing Best

 
Starr performing with the Beatles in 1964

Starr quit Rory Storm and the Hurricanes in January 1962 and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg before returning to the Hurricanes for a third season at Butlins.[55][nb 3] On 14 August, Starr accepted Lennon's invitation to join the Beatles.[57] On 16 August, Beatles manager Brian Epstein fired their drummer, Pete Best, who recalled: "He said 'I've got some bad news for you. The boys want you out and Ringo in.' He said [Beatles producer] George Martin wasn't too pleased with my playing [and] the boys thought I didn't fit in."[58] Starr first performed as a member of the Beatles on 18 August 1962, at a horticultural society dance at Port Sunlight.[59] After his appearance at the Cavern Club the following day, Best fans, upset by his firing, held vigils outside his house and at the club shouting "Pete forever! Ringo never!"[56] Harrison received a black eye from one upset fan, and Epstein, whose car tyres they had flattened in anger, temporarily hired a bodyguard.[60]

Starr's first recording session as a member of the Beatles took place on 4 September 1962.[57] He stated that Martin had thought that he "was crazy and couldn't play ... because I was trying to play the percussion and the drums at the same time, we were just a four-piece band".[61] For their second recording session with Starr, on 11 September 1962, Martin replaced him with session drummer Andy White while recording takes for what would be the two sides of the Beatles' first single, "Love Me Do", backed with "P.S. I Love You".[62] Starr played tambourine on "Love Me Do" and maracas on "P.S. I Love You".[57][63] Concerned about his status in the Beatles, he thought: "That's the end, they're doing a Pete Best on me."[64] Martin later clarified: "I simply didn't know what Ringo was like and I wasn't prepared to take any risks."[65][nb 4]

By November 1962, Starr had been accepted by Beatles fans, who were now calling for him to sing.[66] He began receiving an amount of fan mail equal to that of the others, which helped to secure his position within the band.[67] Starr considered himself fortunate to be on the same "wavelength" as the other Beatles: "I had to be, or I wouldn't have lasted. I had to join them as people as well as a drummer."[68] He was given a small percentage of Lennon and McCartney's publishing company, Northern Songs, but derived his primary income during this period from a one-quarter share of Beatles Ltd, a corporation financed by the band's net concert earnings.[67] He commented on the nature of his lifestyle after having achieved success with the Beatles: "I lived in nightclubs for three years. It used to be a non-stop party."[69] Like his father, Starr became well known for his late-night dancing and he received praise for his skills.[69]

Worldwide success

 
Starr at New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport on 7 February 1964

During 1963, the Beatles enjoyed increasing popularity in Britain. In January, their second single, "Please Please Me", followed "Love Me Do" into the UK charts and a successful television appearance on Thank Your Lucky Stars earned favourable reviews, leading to a boost in sales and radio play.[70] By the end of the year, the phenomenon known as Beatlemania had spread throughout the country, and by February 1964 the Beatles had become an international success when they performed in New York City on The Ed Sullivan Show to a record 73 million viewers.[71] Starr commented: "In the States I know I went over well. It knocked me out to see and hear the kids waving for me. I'd made it as a personality ... Our appeal ... is that we're ordinary lads."[72] He was a source of inspiration for several songs written at the time, including Penny Valentine's "I Want to Kiss Ringo Goodbye" and Rolf Harris's "Ringo for President".[73] Cher released her first single, "Ringo, I Love You" in 1964 under the pseudonym Bonnie Joe Mason.

 
Starr (far left) in 1965

In 1964, "I love Ringo" lapel pins were the bestselling Beatles merchandise.[73] The prominent placing of the Ludwig logo on the bass drum of his American import drum kit gave the company such a burst of publicity that it became the dominant drum manufacturer in North America for the next twenty years.[74] During live performances, the Beatles continued the "Starr Time" routine that had been popular among his fans: Lennon would place a microphone in front of Starr's kit in preparation for his spotlight moment and audiences would erupt in screams.[75] When the Beatles made their film debut in A Hard Day's Night, Starr garnered praise from critics, who considered his delivery of deadpan one-liners and his non-speaking scenes highlights.[76] The extended non-speaking sequences had to be arranged by director Richard Lester because of Starr's lack of sleep the previous night; Starr commented: "Because I'd been drinking all night I was incapable of saying a line."[77] Epstein attributed Starr's acclaim to "the little man's quaintness".[78] After the release of the Beatles' second feature film, Help! (1965), Starr won a Melody Maker poll against his fellow Beatles for his performance as the central character in the film.[79]

During an interview with Playboy in 1964, Lennon explained that Starr had filled in with the Beatles when Best was ill; Starr replied: "[Best] took little pills to make him ill".[80] Soon after, Best filed a libel suit against him that lasted four years before the court reached an undisclosed settlement in Best's favour.[81] In June, the Beatles were scheduled to tour Denmark, the Netherlands, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Before the start of the tour,[82] Starr was stricken with a high-grade fever, pharyngitis and tonsillitis, and briefly stayed in a local hospital, followed by several days of recuperation at home.[83] He was temporarily replaced for five concerts by 24-year-old session drummer Jimmie Nicol.[84] Starr was discharged from the hospital and rejoined the band in Melbourne on 15 June.[85][nb 5] He later said that he feared he would be permanently replaced during his illness.[88] In August, the Beatles were introduced to American songwriter Bob Dylan, who offered the group cannabis cigarettes. Starr was the first to try one but the others were hesitant.[89]

On 11 February 1965, Starr married Maureen Cox, whom he had met in 1962.[90] By this time the stress and pressure of Beatlemania had reached a peak for him. He received a telephoned death threat before a show in Montreal, and resorted to positioning his cymbals vertically in an attempt to defend against would-be assassins. The constant pressure affected the Beatles' performances; Starr commented: "We were turning into such bad musicians ... there was no groove to it."[91] He was also feeling increasingly isolated from the musical activities of his bandmates, who were moving past the traditional boundaries of rock music into territory that often did not require his accompaniment; during recording sessions he spent hours playing cards with their road manager Neil Aspinall and road manager Mal Evans while the other Beatles perfected tracks without him.[92] In a letter published in Melody Maker, a fan asked the Beatles to let Starr sing more; he replied: "[I am] quite happy with my one little track on each album".[92]

Studio years

In August 1966, the Beatles released Revolver, their seventh UK LP.[93] It included the song "Yellow Submarine", their only British number-one single with Starr as the lead singer.[94] Later that month, owing to the increasing pressures of touring, the Beatles gave their final concert, a 30-minute performance at San Francisco's Candlestick Park.[95] Starr commented: "We gave up touring at the right time. Four years of Beatlemania were enough for anyone."[96] By December he had moved to a larger estate called Sunny Heights, 3 acres (1.2 ha) in size, at St George's Hill in Weybridge, Surrey, near to Lennon.[97] Although he had equipped the house with many luxury items, including numerous televisions, light machines, film projectors, stereo equipment, a billiard table, go-kart track and a bar named the Flying Cow, he did not include a drum kit; he explained: "When we don't record, I don't play."[98]

For the Beatles' seminal 1967 album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Starr sang lead vocals on the Lennon–McCartney composition "With a Little Help from My Friends".[99] Although the Beatles had enjoyed widespread commercial and critical success with Sgt. Pepper, the long hours they spent recording the LP contributed to Starr's increased feeling of alienation within the band; he commented: "[It] wasn't our best album. That was the peak for everyone else, but for me it was a bit like being a session musician ... They more or less direct me in the style I can play."[100][nb 6] His inability to compose new material led to his input being minimised during recording sessions; he often found himself relegated to adding minor percussion effects to songs by McCartney, Lennon and Harrison.[102] During his downtime, Starr worked on his guitar playing, and said: "I jump into chords that no one seems to get into. Most of the stuff I write is twelve-bar".[103]

Epstein's death in August 1967 left the Beatles without management; Starr remarked: "[It was] a strange time for us, when it's someone who we've relied on in the business, where we never got involved."[104] Soon afterwards, the band began an ill-fated film project, Magical Mystery Tour. Starr's growing interest in photography led to his billing as the movie's Director of Photography, and his participation in the film's editing was matched only by that of McCartney.[105] In February 1968, Starr became the first Beatle to sing on another artist's show without the others. He sang the Buck Owens hit "Act Naturally", and performed a duet with Cilla Black, "Do You Like Me Just a Little Bit?" on her BBC One television programme, Cilla.[106]

In November 1968, Apple Records released The Beatles, commonly known as the "White Album".[107] The album was partly inspired by the band's recent interactions with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[108] While attending the Maharishi's intermediate course at his ashram in Rishikesh, India, they enjoyed one of their most prolific writing periods, composing most of the album there.[109] It was here that Starr completed his first recorded Beatles song, "Don't Pass Me By",[110] but he left after 10 days and later compared his time there to a stay at Butlin's.[111] The long-lasting health problems that began in his childhood had an impact on his time in India, causing him to experience allergies and sensitivities to the local food; when the band travelled there, he resorted to taking his own food with him.[112]

Relations within the Beatles deteriorated during the recording of the White Album,[113] and there were occasions where only one or two members were involved in the recording of a track.[114] Starr had become tired of McCartney's increasingly overbearing approach, Lennon's passive-aggressive behaviour, and the near-constant presence of Lennon's wife Yoko Ono.[114] After one particularly difficult session which included McCartney harshly criticising his drumming, Starr briefly quit the Beatles and went on holiday to Sardinia, where he and his family stayed on a boat loaned to them by actor Peter Sellers.[115] During a lunch there, the chef served octopus and Starr refused to eat it; an ensuing conversation with the ship's captain about the animal inspired Starr's song "Octopus's Garden" from the Beatles' album Abbey Road, which he wrote using a guitar during the trip.[116] Two weeks later,[117] he returned to the studio to find that Harrison had covered his drum kit in flowers as a welcome-back gesture.[118]

Despite a temporary return to friendly interactions during the completion of the White Album, production of the Beatles' fourth feature film Let It Be and its accompanying album further strained band relationships.[119] On 20 August 1969, the Beatles gathered for the final time at Abbey Road Studios for a mixing session for "I Want You".[120] At a business meeting exactly one month later, Lennon told the others that he was leaving the band, effective immediately.[121] However, the band's break-up would not become public knowledge until McCartney's announcement on 10 April 1970 that he was also leaving.[122]

Solo career

1970s

 
Starr (rear centre) drumming with Bob Dylan and the Band in November 1976, from the concert film The Last Waltz

Shortly before McCartney announced his exit from the Beatles in April 1970, he and Starr had a falling out due to McCartney's refusal to cede the release date of his eponymous solo album to allow for Starr's debut, Sentimental Journey, and the Beatles' Let It Be.[123] Starr's album – composed of renditions of pre-rock standards that included musical arrangements by Quincy Jones, Maurice Gibb, George Martin and McCartney – peaked at number seven in the UK and number 22 in the US.[124] Starr followed Sentimental Journey with the country-inspired Beaucoups of Blues, engineered by Scotty Moore and featuring renowned Nashville session musician Pete Drake.[125] Despite favourable reviews, the album was a commercial failure.[126] Starr subsequently combined his musical activities with developing a career as a film actor.[127]

Starr played drums on Lennon's John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band (1970), Ono's Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band (1970), and on Harrison's albums All Things Must Pass (1970), Living in the Material World (1973) and Dark Horse (1974).[128] In 1971, Starr participated in the Concert for Bangladesh, organised by Harrison, and with him co-wrote the hit single "It Don't Come Easy", which reached number four in both the US and the UK.[129] The following year he released his most successful UK hit, "Back Off Boogaloo" (again produced and co-written by Harrison), which peaked at number two (US number nine).[130] Having become friends with the English singer Marc Bolan, Starr made his directorial debut with the 1972 T. Rex documentary Born to Boogie.[131]

In 1973 and 1974, Starr had two number one hits in the US: "Photograph", a UK number eight hit co-written with Harrison, and "You're Sixteen", written by the Sherman Brothers.[132] Starr's third million-selling single in the US, "You're Sixteen" was released in the UK in February 1974 where it peaked at number four.[133] Both tracks appeared on Starr's debut rock album, Ringo, produced by Richard Perry and featuring further contributions from Harrison as well as a song each from Lennon and McCartney.[134] A commercial and critical success, the LP also included "Oh My My", a US number five.[135] The album reached number seven in the UK and number two in the US.[136] Author Peter Doggett describes Ringo as a template for Starr's solo career, saying that, as a musician first rather than a songwriter, "he would rely on his friends and his charm, and if both were on tap, then the results were usually appealing".[137]

Goodnight Vienna followed in 1974 and was also successful, reaching number eight in the US and number 30 in the UK.[138] Featuring contributions from Lennon, Elton John and Harry Nilsson, the album included a cover of the Platters' "Only You (And You Alone)", which peaked at number six in the US and number 28 in the UK, and Hoyt Axton's "No No Song", which was a US number three and Starr's seventh consecutive top-ten hit.[139] The Elton John-written "Snookeroo" failed to chart in the UK, however.[140] During this period Starr became romantically involved with Lynsey de Paul.[141] He played tambourine on a song she wrote and produced for Vera Lynn, "Don't You Remember When", and he inspired another De Paul song, "If I Don't Get You the Next One Will", which she described as being about revenge after he missed a dinner appointment with her because he was asleep in his office.[141]

Starr founded the record label Ring O' Records in 1975.[142][nb 7] The company signed eleven artists and released fifteen singles and five albums between 1975 and 1978, including works by David Hentschel, Graham Bonnet and Rab Noakes.[144] The commercial impact of Starr's own career diminished over the same period, however, although he continued to record and remained a familiar celebrity presence.[145] Speaking in 2001, he attributed this downward turn to his "[not] taking enough interest" in music, saying of himself and friends such as Nilsson and Keith Moon: "We weren't musicians dabbling in drugs and alcohol; now we were junkies dabbling in music."[146] Starr, Nilsson and Moon were members of a drinking club, the Hollywood Vampires.[147]

From the late 1960s until the mid-1980s, Starr and the designer Robin Cruikshank ran a furniture and interior design company, ROR.[148] ROR's designs were placed on sale in the department stores of Harvey Nichols and Liberty of London.[148] The company designed the interiors of palaces in Abu Dhabi and Oman, and the apartments of Paul Raymond and Starr's friend Nilsson.[149][150][151]

In November 1976, Starr appeared as a guest at the Band's farewell concert, featured in the 1978 Martin Scorsese documentary The Last Waltz.[152] Also in 1976, Starr issued Ringo's Rotogravure, the first release under his new contract with Atlantic Records for the North American market and Polydor for all other territories.[153] The album was produced by Arif Mardin and featured compositions by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison.[145] Starr promoted the release heavily, yet Rotogravure and its accompanying singles failed to chart in the UK.[154] In America, the LP produced two minor hits, "A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll" (number 26) and a cover of "Hey! Baby" (number 74), and achieved moderate sales, reaching a chart position of 28.[145] Its disappointing performance inspired Atlantic to revamp Starr's formula;[155] the result was a blend of disco and 1970s pop, Ringo the 4th (1977).[156] The album failed to chart in the UK and peaked at number 162 in the US.[157] In 1978 Starr released Bad Boy, which reached number 129 in the US and again failed to place on the UK albums chart.[158]

In April 1979, Starr became seriously ill with intestinal problems relating to his childhood bout of peritonitis and was taken to the Princess Grace Hospital in Monte Carlo. He almost died and during an operation on 28 April, several feet of intestine had to be removed.[159][160] Three weeks later he played with McCartney and Harrison at Eric Clapton's wedding.[160] On 28 November, a fire destroyed his Hollywood home and much of his Beatles memorabilia.[160]

1980s

On 19 May 1980, Starr and Barbara Bach survived a car crash in Surrey, England.[161]

 
Starr performing for the Prince's Trust, Wembley Arena, London, 6 June 1987

Following Lennon's murder in December 1980, Harrison modified the lyrics of a song he had originally written for Starr, "All Those Years Ago", as a tribute to their former bandmate.[162] Released as a Harrison single in 1981, the track, which included Starr's drum part and overdubbed backing vocals by McCartney, peaked at number two in the US charts and number 13 in the UK.[163] Later that year, Starr released Stop and Smell the Roses, featuring songs produced by Nilsson, McCartney, Harrison, Ronnie Wood and Stephen Stills.[164] The album's lead single, the Harrison-composed "Wrack My Brain", reached number 38 in the US charts, but failed to chart in the UK.[165] Lennon had offered a pair of songs for inclusion on the album – "Nobody Told Me" and "Life Begins at 40" – but following his death, Starr did not feel comfortable recording them.[164] Soon after the murder, Starr and his girlfriend Barbara Bach flew to New York City to be with Lennon's widow Yoko Ono.[166][nb 8]

Following Stop and Smell the Roses, Starr's recording projects were beset with problems. After completing Old Wave in 1982 with producer Joe Walsh,[170] he was unable to find a record company willing to release the album in the UK or the US.[171] In 1987, he abandoned sessions in Memphis for a planned country album, produced by Chips Moman, after which Moman was blocked by a court injunction from issuing the recordings.[172] Starr narrated the 1984–86 series of the children's series Thomas & Friends, a Britt Allcroft production based on the books by the Reverend W. Awdry.[173] For a single season in 1989, Starr also portrayed the character Mr. Conductor in the American Thomas & Friends spin-off, Shining Time Station.[174]

In 1985, Starr performed with his son Zak as part of Artists United Against Apartheid on the protest song "Sun City",[175] and, with Harrison and Eric Clapton, was among the special guests on Carl Perkins' TV special Blue Suede Shoes: A Rockabilly Session.[176] In 1987, he played drums on Harrison's Beatles pastiche "When We Was Fab" and also appeared in Godley & Creme's innovative video clip for the song.[177][178] The same year, Starr joined Harrison, Clapton, Jeff Lynne and Elton John in a performance at London's Wembley Arena for the Prince's Trust charity.[179] In January 1988, he attended the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ceremony in New York, with Harrison and Ono (the latter representing Lennon), to accept the Beatles' induction into the Hall of Fame.[180]

During October and November 1988, Starr and Bach attended a detox clinic in Tucson, Arizona; each received a six-week treatment for alcoholism.[181] He later commented on his longstanding addiction: "Years I've lost, absolute years ... I've no idea what happened. I lived in a blackout."[182][nb 9] Having embraced sobriety, Starr focused on re-establishing his career by making a return to touring.[184] On 23 July 1989, Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band gave their first performance to an audience of ten thousand in Dallas, Texas.[185] Setting a pattern that would continue over the following decades,[186] the band consisted of Starr and an assortment of musicians who had been successful in their own right at different times.[187] The concerts interchanged Starr's singing, including selections of his Beatles and solo songs, with performances of each of the other artists' well-known material, the latter incorporating either Starr or another musician as drummer.[187]

1990s

The first All-Starr excursion led to the release of Ringo Starr and His All-Starr Band (1990), a compilation of live performances from the 1989 tour.[188][nb 10] Also in 1990, Starr recorded a version of the song "I Call Your Name" for a television special marking the 10th anniversary of John Lennon's death and the 50th anniversary of Lennon's birth. The track, produced by Lynne, features a supergroup composed of Lynne, Tom Petty, Joe Walsh and Jim Keltner.[192]

The following year, Starr made a cameo appearance on The Simpsons episode "Brush with Greatness" and contributed an original song, "You Never Know", to the soundtrack of the John Hughes film Curly Sue.[193] In 1992, he released his first studio album in nine years, Time Takes Time, which was produced by Phil Ramone, Don Was, Lynne and Peter Asher and featured guest appearances by various stars including Brian Wilson and Harry Nilsson.[194] The album failed to achieve commercial success,[195] although the single "Weight of the World" peaked at number 74 in the UK, marking his first appearance on the singles chart there since "Only You" in 1974.[196]

In 1994, he began a collaboration with the surviving former Beatles for the Beatles Anthology project. They recorded two new Beatles songs built around solo vocal and piano tapes recorded by Lennon and gave lengthy interviews about the Beatles' career.[197] Released in December 1995, "Free as a Bird" was the first new Beatles single since 1970.[198] In March 1996, they released a second single, "Real Love". The temporary reunion ended when Harrison refused to participate in the completion of a third song.[199] Starr then played drums on McCartney's 1997 album Flaming Pie. Among the tracks to which he contributed, "Little Willow" was a song McCartney wrote about Starr's ex-wife Maureen, who died in 1994, while "Really Love You" was the first official release ever credited to McCartney–Starkey.[200]

In 1998, he released two albums on the Mercury label. The studio album Vertical Man marked the beginning of a nine-year partnership with Mark Hudson, who produced the album and, with his band the Roundheads, formed the core of the backing group on the recordings. In addition, many famous guests joined on various tracks, including Martin, Petty, McCartney and, in his final appearance on a Starr album, Harrison. Most of the songs were written by Starr and the band. Joe Walsh and the Roundheads joined Starr for his appearance on VH1 Storytellers, which was released as an album under the same name. During the show, he performed greatest hits and new songs and told anecdotes relating to them.[201] Starr's final release for Mercury was the 1999 Christmas-themed I Wanna Be Santa Claus. The album was a commercial failure, although the record company chose not to issue it in Britain.[202]

2000s

 
Starr (left) on stage in New York City in 2005

Starr was inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2002, joining an elite group of drummers and percussionists that include Buddy Rich, William F. Ludwig Sr. and William F. Ludwig Jr.[203] On 29 November 2002 (the first anniversary of Harrison's death), he performed "Photograph" and a cover of Carl Perkins' "Honey Don't" at the Concert for George held in the Royal Albert Hall, London.[204] Early the following year, he released the album Ringo Rama, which contained a song he co-wrote as a tribute to Harrison, "Never Without You".[205] Also in 2003, he formed Pumkinhead Records with All-Starr Band member Mark Hudson.[206] The label was not prolific, but their first signing was Liam Lynch, who produced a 2003 LP entitled Fake Songs.[207]

Starr served as an honorary Santa Tracker and voice-over personality in 2003 and 2004 during the London stop in Father Christmas's annual Christmas Eve journey, as depicted in the annual NORAD tracks Santa program. According to NORAD officials, he was "a Starr in the east" who helped guide North American Aerospace Defense Command's Santa-tracking tradition.[208]

 
Starr as an Honorary Santa Tracker

His 2005 release Choose Love eschewed the star-guests approach of his last two studio albums[209] but failed to chart in the UK or the US.[210] That same year, Liverpool's City Council announced plans to demolish Starr's birthplace, 9 Madryn Street, stating that it had "no historical significance".[211] The LCC later announced that the building would be taken apart brick by brick and preserved.[212]

Starr released the album Liverpool 8 in January 2008, coinciding with the start of Liverpool's year as the European Capital of Culture.[213] Hudson was the initial producer of the recordings, but after a falling out with Starr, he was replaced by David A. Stewart.[189] Starr performed the title track at the opening ceremony for Liverpool's appointment, but thereafter attracted controversy over his seemingly unflattering comments about his city of birth.[214] Later that year, he was the object of further criticism in the press for posting a video on his website in which he harangued fans and autograph hunters for sending him items to sign.[215][nb 11]

In April 2009, he reunited with McCartney at the David Lynch Foundation's "Change Begins Within" benefit concert, held at New York's Radio City Music Hall. Having played his own set beforehand, Starr joined McCartney for the finale and performed "With a Little Help from My Friends", among other songs.[217] Starr also appeared on-stage during Microsoft's June 2009 E3 press conference with Yoko Ono, McCartney and Olivia Harrison to promote The Beatles: Rock Band video game.[218]

2010s

 
Starr performing in 2013

In 2010, Starr self-produced and released his fifteenth studio album, Y Not, which included the track "Walk with You" and featured a vocal contribution from McCartney.[219] Later that year, he appeared during Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief as a celebrity phone operator.[220] On 7 July 2010, he celebrated his 70th birthday at Radio City Music Hall with another All-Starr Band concert, topped with friends and family joining him on stage including Ono, his son Zak, and McCartney.[221]

Starr recorded a cover of Buddy Holly's "Think It Over" for the 2011 tribute album Listen to Me: Buddy Holly.[222] In January 2012, he released the album Ringo 2012. Later that year, he announced that his All-Starr Band would tour the Pacific Rim during 2013 with select dates in New Zealand, Australia and Japan; it was his first performance in Japan since 1996, and his debut in both New Zealand and Australia.[223]

In January 2014, Starr joined McCartney for a special performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, where they performed the song "Queenie Eye".[224] That summer he toured Canada and the US with an updated version of the Twelfth All-Starr Band, featuring multi-instrumentalist Warren Ham instead of saxophonist Mark Rivera. In July, Starr became involved in "#peacerocks", an anti-violence campaign started by fashion designer John Varvatos, in conjunction with the David Lynch Foundation.[225][226] In September 2014, he won at the GQ Men of the Year Awards for his humanitarian work with the David Lynch Foundation.[227]

 
Starr performing in 2017

In January 2015, Starr tweeted the title of his new studio album Postcards from Paradise. The album came a few weeks in advance of Starr's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and was released on 31 March 2015 to mixed to positive reviews.[228][229] Later that month, Starr and his band announced a forthcoming Summer 2016 Tour of the US. Full production began in June 2016 in Syracuse.[230]

On 7 July 2017 (his 77th birthday), Starr released "Give More Love" as a single, which was followed two months later by his nineteenth studio album, also titled Give More Love and issued by UMe.[231] The album includes appearances by McCartney, as well as frequent collaborators such as Joe Walsh, David A. Stewart, Gary Nicholson and members of the All-Starr Band.[232]

On 13 September 2019, Starr announced the upcoming release of his 20th album, What's My Name, to be released by UMe on 25 October 2019. He recorded the album in his home studio, Roccabella West in Los Angeles.[233]

2020s

In celebration of his 80th birthday in July 2020, Starr organised a live-streamed concert featuring appearances by many of his friends and collaborators including McCartney, Walsh, Ben Harper, Dave Grohl, Sheryl Crow, Sheila E. and Willie Nelson. The show replaced his annual public birthday celebration at the Capitol Records Building, which was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[234]

On 16 December 2020, Starr released the song "Here's to the Nights". An accompanying video was released on 18 December. The song of peace, love and friendship was written by Diane Warren and features a group of his friends, including McCartney, Joe Walsh, Corinne Bailey Rae, Eric Burdon, Sheryl Crow, Finneas, Dave Grohl, Ben Harper, Lenny Kravitz, Jenny Lewis, Steve Lukather, Chris Stapleton and Yola. The song was the lead single from his EP Zoom In, which was released on 19 March 2021 via UMe.[235]

On 16 March 2021, Starr stated in an interview with Esquire that it was unlikely that he would record another full-length album, preferring to release EPs instead.[236] On 24 September that year, he released the EP Change the World, a sequel to the previous EP Zoom In.[237]

On 7 February 2022, Starr announced his intention to return to touring with his band for the first time since 2019. The tour was announced to run from 27 May to 26 June,[238] but several concerts held in June would end up being postponed till October due to two members of the band catching COVID-19. These postponed events were added to the band's previously announced fall tour to be held in September and October.[239] On 1 October, he cancelled a concert at the Four Winds New Buffalo casino due to an unspecified illness affecting his voice. Another concert to be held at Mystic Lake Casino Hotel the following day was also postponed.[240] On 3 October, it was confirmed that Starr had tested positive for COVID-19, after which several shows in Canada were cancelled.[241][242]

Musicianship

Influences

During his youth, Starr had been a devoted fan of skiffle and blues music, but by the time he joined the Texans in 1958, he had developed a preference for rock and roll.[243] He was also influenced by country artists, including Hank Williams, Buck Owens and Hank Snow, and jazz artists such as Chico Hamilton and Yusef Lateef, whose compositional style inspired Starr's fluid and energetic drum fills and grooves.[244] While reflecting on Buddy Rich, Starr commented: "He does things with one hand that I can't do with nine, but that's technique. Everyone I talk to says 'What about Buddy Rich?' Well, what about him? Because he doesn't turn me on."[245] He stated that he "was never really into drummers", but identified Cozy Cole's 1958 cover of Benny Goodman's "Topsy Part Two" as "the one drum record" he bought.[246]

Starr's first musical hero was Gene Autry, about whom he commented: "I remember getting shivers up my back when he sang, 'South of the Border'".[247] By the early 1960s he had become an ardent fan of Lee Dorsey.[248] In November 1964, Starr told Melody Maker: "Our music is second-hand versions of negro music ... Ninety per cent of the music I like is coloured."[249]

Drums

 
Starr with his All-Starr Band in Paris, 26 June 2011

Starr said of his drumming: "I'm no good on the technical things ... I'm your basic offbeat drummer with funny fills ... because I'm really left-handed playing a right-handed kit. I can't roll around the drums because of that."[250] Beatles producer George Martin said: "Ringo hit good and hard and used the tom-tom well, even though he couldn't do a roll to save his life", but later said, "He's got tremendous feel. He always helped us to hit the right tempo for a song, and gave it that support – that rock-solid back-beat – that made the recording of all the Beatles' songs that much easier."[250] Starr said he did not believe the drummer's role was to "interpret the song". Instead, comparing his drumming to painting, he said: "I am the foundation, and then I put a bit of glow here and there ... If there's a gap, I want to be good enough to fill it."[245]

In 2011, Rolling Stone readers voted Starr the fifth-greatest drummer of all time.[251] Journalist Robyn Flans wrote for the Percussive Arts Society: "I cannot count the number of drummers who have told me that Ringo inspired their passion for drums".[4] Drummer Steve Smith said:

Before Ringo, drum stars were measured by their soloing ability and virtuosity. Ringo's popularity brought forth a new paradigm in how the public saw drummers. We started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect. One of Ringo's great qualities was that he composed unique, stylistic drum parts for the Beatles' songs. His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and still identify the song.[4]

Starr said his favourite drummer is Jim Keltner,[252] with whom he first played at the Concert for Bangladesh in August 1971.[253] The pair subsequently played drums together on some of Harrison's recordings during the 1970s,[254] on Ringo and other albums by Starr, and on the early All-Starr Band tours.[255] For Ringo's Rotogravure in 1976, Starr credited himself as "Thunder" and Keltner as "Lightnin'".[254]

Starr influenced Genesis drummer Phil Collins,[256] who said: "I think he's vastly underrated, Ringo. The drum fills on 'A Day in the Life' are very, very complex things. You could take a great drummer from today and say, 'I want it like that', and they really wouldn't know what to do."[257] Collins said his drumming on the 1983 Genesis song "That's All" was an affectionate attempt at a "Ringo Starr drum part".[258]

In an often-repeated but apocryphal story, when asked if Starr was the best drummer in the world, Lennon quipped that he "wasn't even the best drummer in the Beatles". The line actually comes from a 1981 episode of the BBC Radio comedy series Radio Active,[259] although it gained more prominence when used by the television comedian Jasper Carrott in 1983, three years after Lennon's death.[260] In September 1980, Lennon told Rolling Stone that Starr was a "damn good drummer" whose talent would have surfaced even without the Beatles.[261]

Tjinder Singh of the indie rock band Cornershop highlighted Starr as a pioneering drummer, saying: "There was a time when the common consensus was that Ringo couldn't play. What's that all about? He's totally unique, a one-off, and hip hop has a lot to thank him for."[262] In his book The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions, Mark Lewisohn says there were fewer than a dozen occasions in the Beatles' eight-year recording career where session breakdowns were caused by Starr making a mistake, while the vast majority of takes were stopped due to mistakes by the other Beatles.[263] Starr influenced various modern drumming techniques, such as the matched grip, tuning the drums lower, and using muffling devices on tonal rings.[4] According to Ken Micallef and Donnie Marshall, co-authors of Classic Rock Drummers: "Ringo's fat tom sounds and delicate cymbal work were imitated by thousands of drummers."[264]

In 2021, Starr announced a ten-part MasterClass course called "Drumming and Creative Collaboration".[265]

Vocals

Starr sang lead vocals for a song on most of the Beatles' studio albums as part of an attempt to establish a vocal personality for each band member. In many cases, Lennon or McCartney wrote the lyrics and melody especially for him, as they did for "Yellow Submarine" from Revolver and "With a Little Help from My Friends" on Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.[266] These melodies were tailored to Starr's limited baritone vocal range. Because of his distinctive voice, Starr rarely performed backing vocals during his time with the Beatles, but they can be heard on songs such as "Maxwell's Silver Hammer" and "Carry That Weight".[267] He is also the lead vocalist on his compositions "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden".[268] In addition, he sang lead on "I Wanna Be Your Man", "Boys", "Matchbox", "Honey Don't", "Act Naturally", "Good Night" and "What Goes On".[269]

Songwriting

Starr's idiosyncratic turns of phrase or "Ringoisms", such as "a hard day's night" and "tomorrow never knows", were used as song titles by the Beatles, particularly by Lennon.[270] McCartney commented: "Ringo would do these little malapropisms, he would say things slightly wrong, like people do, but his were always wonderful, very lyrical ... they were sort of magic."[271] Starr also occasionally contributed lyrics to unfinished Lennon–McCartney songs, such as the line "darning his socks in the night when there's nobody there" in "Eleanor Rigby".[272]

Starr is credited as the sole composer of two Beatles songs: "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden", the latter written with assistance from Harrison.[273] While promoting the Abbey Road album in 1969, Harrison recognised Starr's lyrics to "Octopus's Garden" as an unwittingly profound message about finding inner peace, and therefore an example of how "Ringo writes his cosmic songs without knowing it."[274] Starr is also credited as a co-writer of "What Goes On", "Flying" and "Dig It".[275][nb 12] On material issued after the band's break-up, he received a writing credit for "Taking a Trip to Carolina" and joint songwriting credits with the other Beatles for "12-Bar Original", "Los Paranoias", "Christmas Time (Is Here Again)", "Suzy Parker" (from the Let It Be film) and "Jessie's Dream" (from the Magical Mystery Tour film).[276]

In a 2003 interview, Starr discussed Harrison's input in his songwriting and said: "I was great at writing two verses and a chorus – I'm still pretty good at that. Finishing songs is not my forte."[277] Harrison helped Starr complete two of his biggest hit songs, "It Don't Come Easy" and "Back Off Boogaloo",[277] although he only accepted a credit for "Photograph", which they wrote together in France.[278] Starting with the Ringo album in 1973, Starr shared a songwriting partnership with Vini Poncia.[279] One of the pair's first collaborations was "Oh My My".[279] Over half of the songs on Ringo the 4th were Starkey–Poncia compositions, but the partnership produced just two more songs, released on Bad Boy in 1978.[280]

Personal life

Starr met hairdresser Maureen Cox in 1962, the same week that he joined the Beatles. They married in February 1965.[281] Beatles manager Brian Epstein was best man and Starr's stepfather Harry Graves and fellow Beatle George Harrison were witnesses.[282] Their marriage became the subject of the novelty song "Treat Him Tender, Maureen" by the Chicklettes.[283] The couple had three children: Zak (born 13 September 1965), Jason (born 19 August 1967) and Lee (born 11 November 1970).[284] In 1971, Starr purchased Lennon's home Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill in Berkshire and moved his family there.[285] The couple divorced in 1975 following Starr's repeated infidelities.[286] Maureen died from leukaemia at age 48 in 1994.[287]

 
Barbara Bach in 1978

Starr met actress Barbara Bach in 1980 on the set of the film Caveman, and they were married at Marylebone Town Hall on 27 April 1981.[288][289] In 1985, he was the first of the Beatles to become a grandfather upon the birth of Zak's daughter Tatia Jayne Starkey.[290] Zak is also a drummer, and he spent time with the Who's Keith Moon during his father's regular absences;[291] he has performed with his father during some All-Starr Band tours.[292] Starr has eight grandchildren: two from Zak, three from Jason, and three from Lee.[293] In 2016, he was the first Beatle to become a great-grandfather.[294]

Starr and Bach split their time between homes in Cranleigh, Los Angeles, and Monte Carlo.[295] He was listed at number 56 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2011 with an estimated personal wealth of £150 million.[296] In 2012, he was estimated to be the wealthiest drummer in the world.[297] In 2014, Starr announced that his 200-acre Surrey estate at Rydinghurst was for sale, with its Grade II-listed Jacobean house.[298][299] However, he retains a property in the London district of Chelsea off King's Road, and he and Bach continue to divide their time between London and Los Angeles.[300]

In December 2015, Starr and Bach auctioned some of their personal and professional items via Julien's Auctions in Los Angeles.[301] The collection included Starr's first Ludwig Black Oyster Pearl drum kit, instruments given to him by Harrison, Lennon, and Marc Bolan,[301] and a first-pressing copy of the Beatles' White Album numbered "0000001".[302] The auction raised over $9 million,[303] a portion of which was set aside for the Lotus Foundation, a charity founded by Starr and Bach.[304]

In 2016, Starr expressed his support for the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. "I thought the European Union was a great idea," he said, "but I didn't see it going anywhere lately."[305] In 2017, he described his impatience for Britain to "get on with" Brexit, declaring that "to be in control of your country is a good move".[306]

In October 2021, Starr was named in the Pandora Papers which allege a secret financial deal of politicians and celebrities using tax havens in an effort to avoid the payment of owed taxes.[307]

Starr is a vegetarian[308] and meditates daily.[309] His catchphrase and motto for life is "peace and love".[308]

Awards and honours

Further information: List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles
 
Starr performing in Paris, June 2011

Starr and the other members of the Beatles were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1965 Birthday Honours;[310] they received their insignia from Queen Elizabeth II at an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 26 October.[311] He and the other Beatles were collectively nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer for their performances in the 1964 film A Hard Day's Night.[312] In 1971, the Beatles received an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score for the film Let It Be.[313] The minor planet 4150 Starr, discovered on 31 August 1984 by Brian A. Skiff at the Anderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory, was named in Starr's honour.[314] Starr was nominated for a 1989 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children's Series for his role as Mr. Conductor in the television series Shining Time Station.[315]

In 2015, 27 years after he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the Beatles, Starr became the last Beatle to be inducted for a solo career.[316] Unlike the other three Beatles who were inducted within the "Performers" category, Starr was inducted within the "Musical Excellence" category.[317] During the 50th Grammy Awards, Starr, George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love. On 9 November 2008, Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco. On 8 February 2010, he was honoured with the 2,401st star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. It is located at 1750 North Vine Street, in front of the Capitol Records building, as are the stars for Lennon, McCartney and Harrison.[318]

Starr was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music.[319] He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by Prince William, Duke of Cambridge on 20 March 2018.[320]

In 2022, Starr received an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Berklee College of Music for his "immeasurable impact on music, film and television, and popular culture".[321][322]

Film career

Main article: Ringo Starr filmography

Starr has received praise from critics and movie industry professionals regarding his acting; director and producer Walter Shenson called him "a superb actor, an absolute natural".[77] By the mid-1960s, Starr had become a connoisseur of film.[323] In addition to his roles in A Hard Day's Night (1964), Help! (1965), Magical Mystery Tour (1967) and Let It Be (1970), Starr also acted in Candy (1968), The Magic Christian (1969), Blindman (1971), Son of Dracula (1974) and Caveman (1981).[324] In 1971, he starred as Larry the Dwarf in Frank Zappa's 200 Motels and was featured in Harry Nilsson's animated film The Point![325] He co-starred in That'll Be the Day (1973) as a Teddy Boy and appeared in The Last Waltz, the Martin Scorsese documentary film about the 1976 farewell concert of the Band.[326]

Starr played the Pope in Ken Russell's Lisztomania (1975), and a fictionalised version of himself in McCartney's Give My Regards to Broad Street in 1984.[327] Starr appeared as himself and a downtrodden alter-ego Ognir Rrats in Ringo (1978), an American-made television comedy film based loosely on The Prince and the Pauper.[328] For the 1979 documentary film on the Who, The Kids Are Alright, Starr appeared in interview segments with fellow drummer Keith Moon.[329]

Discography

Main article: Ringo Starr discography
See also: The Beatles discography and List of songs recorded by Ringo Starr

Since the breakup of the Beatles, Starr has released 20 solo studio albums:[330]

Books

Notes

  1. ^ Starr had first drummed with the Texans on 25 March 1959, at the Mardi Gras club in Liverpool.[42]
  2. ^ Of the nine 78-rpm discs that were cut, only one is known to have survived.[53]
  3. ^ Starr sat in for an ill Pete Best during two shows on 5 February 1962.[56]
  4. ^ Martin chose 4 September version of "Love Me Do" with Starr on drums for the A-side and 11 September recording of "P.S. I Love You" with Starr on maracas for the B-side.[57]
  5. ^ Epstein then accompanied Nicol to the Melbourne airport where he gave him a cheque and a gold Eterna-Matic wrist watch inscribed: "From the Beatles and Brian Epstein to Jimmy – with appreciation and gratitude."[86] Starr had his tonsils removed later that year during a Christmas holiday.[87]
  6. ^ Starr offered no suggestions for inclusion on the album's historic front cover.[101]
  7. ^ In November that year, Starr's hit singles and other tracks were compiled on the greatest-hits collection Blast from Your Past, which was the last album released by Apple Records.[143]
  8. ^ From 1981 onwards, Starr also worked on McCartney's solo recordings for the first time.[167] With Martin producing the sessions, Starr's playing appeared on the McCartney albums Tug of War (1982),[168] Pipes of Peace (1983) and Give My Regards to Broad Street (1984).[169]
  9. ^ Starr experienced his first alcoholic blackout at the age of nine.[183]
  10. ^ Since the early 1990s, Starr has continued to issue live albums from his All-Starr Band tours.[189] Among these releases are Live from Montreux (1993)[190] and Live at the Greek Theatre (2008).[191]
  11. ^ In the video, posted on 10 October 2008, Starr told fans that he was too busy and would not be signing autographs after 20 October.[216]
  12. ^ "What Goes On" was a pre-Beatles Lennon song to which McCartney added a middle eight in an effort to provide Starr a lead vocal on Rubber Soul.[92]

References

  1. ^ "Ringo Starr". Front Row. 31 December 2008. BBC Radio 4. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
  2. ^ "Ringo Starr Biography". Biography.com. 2 November 2021.
  3. ^ Bruner, Raisa (20 March 2018). "Prince William Just Knighted Ringo Starr and He Has the Perfect Plan for His New Medal". Time. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d Flans, Robyn. . PAS Hall of Fame. Percussive Arts Society. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  5. ^ Miles 1997, p. 280.
  6. ^ "Modern Drummer's Readers Poll Archive, 1979–2014". Modern Drummer. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  7. ^ . Radio.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  8. ^ "Arise, Sir Ringo! Beatles drummer Ringo Starr receives knighthood". NME. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  9. ^ Gabrielle, Olyatitle (3 August 2020). "Ringo Starr Net Worth: You Won't Believe How Big the Beatle's Fortune Is Now". Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  10. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 15–16: Born at 9 Madryn Street, parent's occupations; Davies 2009, p. 142; Spitz 2005, pp. 332–333.
  11. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 332–333.
  12. ^ a b Spitz 2005, pp. 333–334.
  13. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 17: Moving to 10 Admiral Grove in an effort to reduce their rent payments; Davies 2009, p. 142: his parents separated; Spitz 2005, p. 334: divorced within the year.
  14. ^ Davies 2009, p. 142: Visiting as few as three times thereafter; Spitz 2005, p. 334: "no real memories" of his father.
  15. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 334–335.
  16. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 21; Spitz 2005, pp. 336–337.
  17. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 21; Davies 2009, pp. 143–144.
  18. ^ a b Spitz 2005, p. 337.
  19. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 337: a feeling of alienation at school; Davies 2009, p. 145: Sefton Park.
  20. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 17: His surrogate sister Marie Maguire; Spitz 2005, pp. 332–339: tuberculosis and the sanatorium.
  21. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 36: (primary source); Spitz 2005, pp. 338–339: (secondary source).
  22. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 339.
  23. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 36.
  24. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 22–23: classmates nicknamed Starr "Lazarus"; Davies 2009, pp. 145–147: Dingle Vale Secondary Modern; Gould 2007, p. 125: St Silas primary school.
  25. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 23.
  26. ^ Lewisohn 2013, p. 70.
  27. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 340.
  28. ^ Davies 2009, p. 146.
  29. ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 336–339.
  30. ^ a b c d Spitz 2005, p. 332.
  31. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 16; Davies 2009, p. 141; Spitz 2005, pp. 332–335.
  32. ^ Spitz 2005, p. 335.
  33. ^ Gould 2007, p. 125: his return from the sanatorium in 1955; Spitz 2005, pp. 340–341.
  34. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 36: (primary source); Spitz 2005, p. 340: (secondary source).
  35. ^ The Beatles 2000, p. 36: (primary source); Spitz 2005, pp. 340–341: (secondary source).
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  41. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 45: Starr joined Storm's band in November 1959; Lewisohn 1992, p. 58: Starr joined Storm's band in November 1959; Spitz 2005, pp. 324, 341–343.
  42. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 44; Lewisohn 1992, p. 58.
  43. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 44–45; Spitz 2005, pp. 324, 341–343.
  44. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 57–58: (secondary source); Spitz 2005, pp. 324, 341–345: (secondary source); The Beatles 2000, p. 39: (primary source).
  45. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 50; Davies 2009, p. 150.
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  48. ^ Davies 2009, p. 150.
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  50. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 63: Starr first met the Beatles in Hamburg; Davies 2009, pp. 150–151: Starr first met the Beatles in Hamburg; Harry 2004, p. 302: Bruno Koschmider; Lewisohn 1992, p. 23: arriving in Hamburg on 1 October 1960.
  51. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 62: the Hurricanes were paid more than the Beatles; Harry 2004, p. 302: the Hurricanes were given top-billing over the Beatles.
  52. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 63: Starr recording with the Beatles for the first time; Davies 2009, p. 151: Starr performed with the Beatles during a few stand-in engagements while in Hamburg; Lewisohn 1992, p. 23: Starr recording with the Beatles for the first time.
  53. ^ Lewisohn 1992, p. 23.
  54. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 69; Gould 2007, p. 126.
  55. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 58: A second season with the Hurricanes at Butlins; Clayson 2005, pp. 81–82: Starr quit the Hurricanes and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg; Gould 2007, p. 126: Starr quit the Hurricanes and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg.
  56. ^ a b Harry 2004, p. 110.
  57. ^ a b c d Lewisohn 1992, p. 59.
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  60. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 88–89: Harrison received a black eye; Davies 2009, p. 138: Epstein hired a bodyguard; Harry 2004, p. 110 (tertiary source).
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  83. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 128–130.
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  97. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 142–144.
  98. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 143–144.
  99. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 159–161, 179.
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  106. ^ Clayson 2005, pp. 175–176.
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  111. ^ Gould 2007, pp. 463–468.
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  122. ^ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 341, 349.
  123. ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 120–22, 133.
  124. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 311–312: Sentimental Journey; Roberts 2005, p. 479: peak UK chart position for Sentimental Journey; Rodriguez 2010, pp. 22–23: peak UK chart position for Sentimental Journey.
  125. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 311–12.
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  127. ^ Ingham 2009, pp. 139–40.
  128. ^ Spizer 2005, pp. 34, 222, 254, 264, 343.
  129. ^ Harry 2000, pp. 298–300: the Concert for Bangladesh; Roberts 2005, p. 479: peak UK chart position for "It Don't Come Easy"; Whitburn 2010, p. 620: peak US chart position for "It Don't Come Easy"
  130. ^ Roberts 2005, p. 479: "Back Off Boogaloo" peak UK chart position; Spizer 2005, p. 297: produced and co-written by Harrison; Whitburn 2010, p. 620: peak US chart positions for "Back Off Boogaloo".
  131. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 91–93.
  132. ^ Harry 2002, p. 933: "You're Sixteen"; Harry 2004, pp. 268: "Photograph"; Harry 2004, pp. 372: "You're Sixteen"; Roberts 2005, p. 479: peak UK chart position for "Photograph" and "You're Sixteen"; Whitburn 2010, p. 620: peak US chart positions for "Photograph" and "You're Sixteen".
  133. ^ Harry 2004, p. 372.
  134. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 281–282.
  135. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 260: "Oh My My".
  136. ^ Roberts 2005, p. 479: peak UK chart positions for "Oh My My" and Ringo; Harry 2004, p. 280: peak US chart position for Ringo.
  137. ^ Doggett 2009, pp. 207–08.
  138. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 206–207: Goodnight Vienna; Roberts 2005, p. 479: peak UK chart position for Goodnight Vienna.
  139. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 206–207: Goodnight Vienna; Harry 2004, pp. 262: "Only You"; Harry 2004, p. 257; Roberts 2005, p. 479: peak UK chart position for Goodnight Vienna, "Only You" and "No No Song".
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  142. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 279–280.
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  155. ^ Rodriguez 2010, p. 186.
  156. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 294–295.
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  158. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 14–15: peak US chart position for Bad Boy; Roberts 2005, p. 479: Bad Boy failed to chart in the UK.
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  166. ^ Clayson 2005, p. 301.
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  325. ^ Harry 2004, p. 268: The Point!, 373: 200 Motels.
  326. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 235: The Last Waltz, 331: That'll Be the Day.
  327. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 206: Give My Regards to Broad Street, 236: Lisztomania.
  328. ^ Harry 2004, pp. 281–282: The Prince and the Pauper.
  329. ^ Wilkerson, Mark; Townshend, Pete (2006). Amazing Journey: The Life of Pete Townshend. Bad News Press. p. 611. ISBN 978-1-4116-7700-5.
  330. ^ Dolan, Jon (31 January 2012). "Ringo Starr: Ringo 2012". Rolling Stone.

Sources

Further reading

External links

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Ringo Starr.
 
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  • Official website  
  • Ringo Starr's Drummerworld profile
  • Ringo Starr at IMDb
  • at the TCM Movie Database
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  • Ringo Starr at AllMovie
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  • Ringo Starr Artwork

April 30, 2023
ringo, starr, ringo, redirects, here, other, uses, ringo, disambiguation, richard, starkey, redirects, here, confused, with, richard, starke, richard, starkie, richard, starkey, born, july, 1940, known, professionally, english, musician, singer, songwriter, ac. Ringo redirects here For other uses see Ringo disambiguation Richard Starkey redirects here Not to be confused with Richard Starke or Richard Starkie Sir Richard Starkey 2 MBE 3 born 7 July 1940 known professionally as Ringo Starr is an English musician singer songwriter and actor who achieved international fame as the drummer for the Beatles Starr occasionally sang lead vocals with the group usually for one song on each album including Yellow Submarine and With a Little Help from My Friends He also wrote and sang the Beatles songs Don t Pass Me By and Octopus s Garden and is credited as a co writer of four others SirRingo StarrMBEStarr in 2019BornRichard Starkey 1940 07 07 7 July 1940 age 82 Liverpool EnglandOccupationsMusician singer songwriter actorYears active1957 presentSpousesMaureen Cox m 1965 div 1975 wbr Barbara Bach m 1981 wbr Children3 including Zak StarkeyMusical careerGenresRockpopInstrumentsDrumsvocalsLabelsParlophone United Artists Capitol Apple Swan Vee Jay Tollie Atlantic RCA Mercury Koch Private Music Boardwalk Rykodisc Hip OMember ofRingo Starr amp His All Starr BandFormerly ofRory Storm and The HurricanesThe BeatlesPlastic Ono BandRingo Starr s voice source source source from the BBC programme Front Row 31 December 2008 1 Websiteringostarr wbr comSignatureStarr was afflicted by life threatening illnesses during childhood with periods of prolonged hospitalisation He briefly held a position with British Rail before securing an apprenticeship as a machinist at a Liverpool school equipment manufacturer Soon afterwards Starr became interested in the UK skiffle craze and developed a fervent admiration for the genre In 1957 he co founded his first band the Eddie Clayton Skiffle Group which earned several prestigious local bookings before the fad succumbed to American rock and roll around early 1958 When the Beatles formed in 1960 Starr was a member of another Liverpool group Rory Storm and the Hurricanes After achieving moderate success in the UK and Hamburg he quit the Hurricanes when he was asked to join the Beatles in August 1962 replacing Pete Best In addition to the Beatles films Starr has acted in numerous others After the band s break up in 1970 he released several successful singles including the US top ten hit It Don t Come Easy and number ones Photograph and You re Sixteen His most successful UK single was Back Off Boogaloo which peaked at number two He achieved commercial and critical success with his 1973 album Ringo which was a top ten release in both the UK and the US Starr has featured in numerous documentaries hosted television shows narrated the first two series of the children s television program Thomas amp Friends and portrayed Mr Conductor during the first season of the PBS children s television series Shining Time Station Since 1989 he has toured with thirteen variations of Ringo Starr amp His All Starr Band Starr s playing style which emphasised feel over technical virtuosity influenced many drummers to reconsider their playing from a compositional perspective He also influenced various modern drumming techniques such as the matched grip tuning the drums lower and using muffling devices on tonal rings 4 In his opinion his finest recorded performance was on the Beatles Rain 5 In 1999 he was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame 6 In 2011 Rolling Stone readers named him the fifth greatest drummer of all time He was inducted twice into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Beatle in 1988 and as a solo artist in 2015 7 and appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music 8 In 2020 he was cited as the wealthiest drummer in the world with a net worth of 350 million 9 Contents 1 Early life 2 First bands 1957 1961 3 The Beatles 1962 1970 3 1 Replacing Best 3 2 Worldwide success 3 3 Studio years 4 Solo career 4 1 1970s 4 2 1980s 4 3 1990s 4 4 2000s 4 5 2010s 4 6 2020s 5 Musicianship 5 1 Influences 5 2 Drums 5 3 Vocals 5 4 Songwriting 6 Personal life 7 Awards and honours 8 Film career 9 Discography 10 Books 11 Notes 12 References 12 1 Sources 13 Further reading 14 External linksEarly life Starr s birthplace in Madryn Street Dingle Liverpool in May 2013 Richard Starkey was born on 7 July 1940 at 9 Madryn Street in Dingle an inner city area of Liverpool He is the only child of confectioners Richard Starkey 1913 1981 and Elsie Gleave 1914 1987 10 Elsie enjoyed singing and dancing a hobby that she shared with her husband an avid fan of swing 11 Prior to the birth of their son whom they called Richy the couple had spent much of their free time on the local ballroom circuit but their regular outings ended soon after his birth 12 Elsie adopted an overprotective approach to raising her son that bordered on fixation Subsequently Big Ritchie as Starkey s father became known lost interest in his family choosing instead to spend long hours drinking and dancing in pubs sometimes for several consecutive days 12 In an effort to reduce their housing costs his family moved in 1944 to another neighbourhood in the Dingle Admiral Grove soon afterwards his parents separated and they divorced within the year 13 Starkey later stated that he has no real memories of his father who made little effort to bond with him visiting as few as three times thereafter 14 Elsie found it difficult to survive on her ex husband s support payments of thirty shillings a week so she took on several menial jobs cleaning houses before securing a position as a barmaid an occupation that she held for twelve years 15 Starr s childhood residence at 10 Admiral Grove Dingle Liverpool in 2010 At the age of six Starkey developed appendicitis Following a routine appendectomy he contracted peritonitis causing him to fall into a coma that lasted days 16 His recovery spanned twelve months which he spent away from his family at Liverpool s Myrtle Street children s hospital 17 Upon his discharge in May 1948 his mother allowed him to stay at home causing him to miss school 18 At age eight he remained illiterate with a poor grasp of mathematics 18 His lack of education contributed to a feeling of alienation at school which resulted in his regularly playing truant at Sefton Park 19 After several years of twice weekly tutoring from his surrogate sister and neighbour Marie Maguire Crawford Starkey had nearly caught up to his peers academically but in 1953 he contracted tuberculosis and was admitted to a sanatorium where he remained for two years 20 During his stay the medical staff made an effort to stimulate motor activity and relieve boredom by encouraging their patients to join the hospital band leading to his first exposure to a percussion instrument a makeshift mallet made from a cotton bobbin that he used to strike the cabinets next to his bed 21 Soon afterwards he grew increasingly interested in drumming receiving a copy of the Alyn Ainsworth song Bedtime for Drums as a convalescence gift from Crawford 22 Starkey commented I was in the hospital band That s where I really started playing I never wanted anything else from there on My grandparents gave me a mandolin and a banjo but I didn t want them My grandfather gave me a harmonica we had a piano nothing Only the drums 23 Starkey attended St Silas a Church of England primary school near his house where his classmates nicknamed him Lazarus and later Dingle Vale Secondary modern school where he showed an aptitude for art and drama as well as practical subjects including mechanics 24 As a result of the prolonged hospitalisations he fell behind his peers scholastically and was ineligible for the 11 plus qualifying examination required for attendance at a grammar school 25 On 17 April 1954 Starkey s mother married Harry Graves at the register office on Mount Pleasant Liverpool 26 He was an ex Londoner who had moved to Liverpool following the failure of his first marriage Graves an impassioned fan of big band music and their vocalists introduced Starkey to recordings by Dinah Shore Sarah Vaughan and Billy Daniels 27 Graves stated that he and Ritchie never had an unpleasant exchange between them Starkey later commented He was great I learned gentleness from Harry 28 After the extended hospital stay following Starkey s recovery from tuberculosis he did not return to school preferring instead to stay at home and listen to music while playing along by beating biscuit tins with sticks 29 Beatles biographer Bob Spitz described Starkey s upbringing as a Dickensian chronicle of misfortune 30 Houses in the area were poorly ventilated postage stamp sized patched together by crumbling plaster walls with a rear door that opened onto an outhouse 30 Crawford commented Like all of the families who lived in the Dingle he was part of an ongoing struggle to survive 30 The children who lived there spent much of their time at Prince s Park escaping the soot filled air of their coal fuelled neighbourhood 30 Adding to their difficult circumstances violent crime was an almost constant concern for people living in one of the oldest and poorest inner city districts in Liverpool 31 Starkey later commented You kept your head down your eyes open and you didn t get in anybody s way 32 After his return home from the sanatorium in late 1955 Starkey entered the workforce but was lacking in motivation and discipline his initial attempts at gainful employment proved unsuccessful 33 In an effort to secure himself some warm clothes he briefly held a railway worker s job with British Rail which came with an employer issued suit He was supplied with a hat but no uniform and unable to pass the physical examination he was laid off and granted unemployment benefits 34 He then found work as a waiter serving drinks on a day boat that travelled from Liverpool to North Wales but his fear of conscription into military service led him to quit the job not wanting to give the Royal Navy the impression that he was suitable for seafaring work 35 In mid 1956 Graves secured Starkey a position as an apprentice machinist at Henry Hunt and Son a Liverpool school equipment manufacturer 36 While working at the facility Starkey befriended Roy Trafford and the two bonded over their shared interest in music 37 Trafford introduced Starkey to skiffle and he quickly became a fervent admirer 37 First bands 1957 1961See also Rory Storm Soon after Trafford piqued Starkey s interest in skiffle the two began rehearsing songs in the manufacturing plant s cellar during their lunch breaks Trafford recalled I played a guitar and Ritchie just made a noise on a box Sometimes he just slapped a biscuit tin with some keys or banged on the backs of chairs 37 The pair were joined by Starkey s neighbour and co worker the guitarist Eddie Miles forming the Eddie Miles Band later renamed Eddie Clayton and the Clayton Squares after a Liverpool landmark 38 The band performed popular skiffle songs such as Rock Island Line and Walking Cane with Starkey raking a thimble across a washboard creating primitive driving rhythms 39 Starkey enjoyed dancing as his parents had years earlier and he and Trafford briefly took dance lessons at two schools Though the lessons were short lived they provided Starkey and Trafford with an introduction that allowed them to dance competently while enjoying nights out on the town 39 On Christmas Day 1957 Graves gave Starkey a second hand drum kit consisting of a snare drum bass drum and a makeshift cymbal fashioned from a rubbish bin lid Although basic and crude the kit facilitated his progression as a musician while increasing the commercial potential of the Eddie Clayton band who went on to book prestigious local gigs before the skiffle craze faded in early 1958 as American rock and roll became popular in the UK 40 In November 1959 Starkey joined Al Caldwell s Texans a skiffle group who were looking for someone with a proper drum kit so that the group could transition from one of Liverpool s best known skiffle acts to a full fledged rock and roll band 41 nb 1 They had begun playing local clubs as the Raging Texans then Jet Storm and the Raging Texans before settling on Rory Storm and the Hurricanes shortly before recruiting Starkey 43 About this time he adopted the stage name Ringo Starr derived from the rings he wore and also because it implied a country and western influence His drum solos were billed as Starr Time 44 By early 1960 the Hurricanes had become one of Liverpool s leading bands 45 In May they were offered a three month residency at a Butlins holiday camp in Wales 46 Although initially reluctant to accept the residency and end his five year machinist apprenticeship that he had begun four years earlier Starr eventually agreed to the arrangement 47 The Butlins gig led to other opportunities for the band including an unpleasant tour of US Air Force bases in France about which Starr commented The French don t like the British at least I didn t like them 48 The Hurricanes became so successful that when initially offered a highly coveted residency in Hamburg they turned it down because of their prior commitment with Butlins 49 They eventually accepted joining the Beatles at Bruno Koschmider s Kaiserkeller on 1 October 1960 where Starr first met the band 50 Storm s Hurricanes were given top billing over the Beatles who also received less pay 51 Starr performed with the Beatles during a few stand in engagements while in Hamburg On 15 October 1960 he drummed with John Lennon Paul McCartney and George Harrison recording with them for the first time while backing Hurricanes singer Lu Walters on the George Gershwin DuBose Heyward aria Summertime 52 nb 2 During Starr s first stay in Hamburg he also met Tony Sheridan who valued his drumming abilities to the point of asking Starr to leave the Hurricanes and join his band 54 The Beatles 1962 1970Main article The Beatles Replacing Best Starr performing with the Beatles in 1964 Starr quit Rory Storm and the Hurricanes in January 1962 and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg before returning to the Hurricanes for a third season at Butlins 55 nb 3 On 14 August Starr accepted Lennon s invitation to join the Beatles 57 On 16 August Beatles manager Brian Epstein fired their drummer Pete Best who recalled He said I ve got some bad news for you The boys want you out and Ringo in He said Beatles producer George Martin wasn t too pleased with my playing and the boys thought I didn t fit in 58 Starr first performed as a member of the Beatles on 18 August 1962 at a horticultural society dance at Port Sunlight 59 After his appearance at the Cavern Club the following day Best fans upset by his firing held vigils outside his house and at the club shouting Pete forever Ringo never 56 Harrison received a black eye from one upset fan and Epstein whose car tyres they had flattened in anger temporarily hired a bodyguard 60 Starr s first recording session as a member of the Beatles took place on 4 September 1962 57 He stated that Martin had thought that he was crazy and couldn t play because I was trying to play the percussion and the drums at the same time we were just a four piece band 61 For their second recording session with Starr on 11 September 1962 Martin replaced him with session drummer Andy White while recording takes for what would be the two sides of the Beatles first single Love Me Do backed with P S I Love You 62 Starr played tambourine on Love Me Do and maracas on P S I Love You 57 63 Concerned about his status in the Beatles he thought That s the end they re doing a Pete Best on me 64 Martin later clarified I simply didn t know what Ringo was like and I wasn t prepared to take any risks 65 nb 4 By November 1962 Starr had been accepted by Beatles fans who were now calling for him to sing 66 He began receiving an amount of fan mail equal to that of the others which helped to secure his position within the band 67 Starr considered himself fortunate to be on the same wavelength as the other Beatles I had to be or I wouldn t have lasted I had to join them as people as well as a drummer 68 He was given a small percentage of Lennon and McCartney s publishing company Northern Songs but derived his primary income during this period from a one quarter share of Beatles Ltd a corporation financed by the band s net concert earnings 67 He commented on the nature of his lifestyle after having achieved success with the Beatles I lived in nightclubs for three years It used to be a non stop party 69 Like his father Starr became well known for his late night dancing and he received praise for his skills 69 Worldwide success Starr at New York City s John F Kennedy International Airport on 7 February 1964 During 1963 the Beatles enjoyed increasing popularity in Britain In January their second single Please Please Me followed Love Me Do into the UK charts and a successful television appearance on Thank Your Lucky Stars earned favourable reviews leading to a boost in sales and radio play 70 By the end of the year the phenomenon known as Beatlemania had spread throughout the country and by February 1964 the Beatles had become an international success when they performed in New York City on The Ed Sullivan Show to a record 73 million viewers 71 Starr commented In the States I know I went over well It knocked me out to see and hear the kids waving for me I d made it as a personality Our appeal is that we re ordinary lads 72 He was a source of inspiration for several songs written at the time including Penny Valentine s I Want to Kiss Ringo Goodbye and Rolf Harris s Ringo for President 73 Cher released her first single Ringo I Love You in 1964 under the pseudonym Bonnie Joe Mason Starr far left in 1965 In 1964 I love Ringo lapel pins were the bestselling Beatles merchandise 73 The prominent placing of the Ludwig logo on the bass drum of his American import drum kit gave the company such a burst of publicity that it became the dominant drum manufacturer in North America for the next twenty years 74 During live performances the Beatles continued the Starr Time routine that had been popular among his fans Lennon would place a microphone in front of Starr s kit in preparation for his spotlight moment and audiences would erupt in screams 75 When the Beatles made their film debut in A Hard Day s Night Starr garnered praise from critics who considered his delivery of deadpan one liners and his non speaking scenes highlights 76 The extended non speaking sequences had to be arranged by director Richard Lester because of Starr s lack of sleep the previous night Starr commented Because I d been drinking all night I was incapable of saying a line 77 Epstein attributed Starr s acclaim to the little man s quaintness 78 After the release of the Beatles second feature film Help 1965 Starr won a Melody Maker poll against his fellow Beatles for his performance as the central character in the film 79 During an interview with Playboy in 1964 Lennon explained that Starr had filled in with the Beatles when Best was ill Starr replied Best took little pills to make him ill 80 Soon after Best filed a libel suit against him that lasted four years before the court reached an undisclosed settlement in Best s favour 81 In June the Beatles were scheduled to tour Denmark the Netherlands Asia Australia and New Zealand Before the start of the tour 82 Starr was stricken with a high grade fever pharyngitis and tonsillitis and briefly stayed in a local hospital followed by several days of recuperation at home 83 He was temporarily replaced for five concerts by 24 year old session drummer Jimmie Nicol 84 Starr was discharged from the hospital and rejoined the band in Melbourne on 15 June 85 nb 5 He later said that he feared he would be permanently replaced during his illness 88 In August the Beatles were introduced to American songwriter Bob Dylan who offered the group cannabis cigarettes Starr was the first to try one but the others were hesitant 89 On 11 February 1965 Starr married Maureen Cox whom he had met in 1962 90 By this time the stress and pressure of Beatlemania had reached a peak for him He received a telephoned death threat before a show in Montreal and resorted to positioning his cymbals vertically in an attempt to defend against would be assassins The constant pressure affected the Beatles performances Starr commented We were turning into such bad musicians there was no groove to it 91 He was also feeling increasingly isolated from the musical activities of his bandmates who were moving past the traditional boundaries of rock music into territory that often did not require his accompaniment during recording sessions he spent hours playing cards with their road manager Neil Aspinall and road manager Mal Evans while the other Beatles perfected tracks without him 92 In a letter published in Melody Maker a fan asked the Beatles to let Starr sing more he replied I am quite happy with my one little track on each album 92 Studio years In August 1966 the Beatles released Revolver their seventh UK LP 93 It included the song Yellow Submarine their only British number one single with Starr as the lead singer 94 Later that month owing to the increasing pressures of touring the Beatles gave their final concert a 30 minute performance at San Francisco s Candlestick Park 95 Starr commented We gave up touring at the right time Four years of Beatlemania were enough for anyone 96 By December he had moved to a larger estate called Sunny Heights 3 acres 1 2 ha in size at St George s Hill in Weybridge Surrey near to Lennon 97 Although he had equipped the house with many luxury items including numerous televisions light machines film projectors stereo equipment a billiard table go kart track and a bar named the Flying Cow he did not include a drum kit he explained When we don t record I don t play 98 For the Beatles seminal 1967 album Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band Starr sang lead vocals on the Lennon McCartney composition With a Little Help from My Friends 99 Although the Beatles had enjoyed widespread commercial and critical success with Sgt Pepper the long hours they spent recording the LP contributed to Starr s increased feeling of alienation within the band he commented It wasn t our best album That was the peak for everyone else but for me it was a bit like being a session musician They more or less direct me in the style I can play 100 nb 6 His inability to compose new material led to his input being minimised during recording sessions he often found himself relegated to adding minor percussion effects to songs by McCartney Lennon and Harrison 102 During his downtime Starr worked on his guitar playing and said I jump into chords that no one seems to get into Most of the stuff I write is twelve bar 103 Epstein s death in August 1967 left the Beatles without management Starr remarked It was a strange time for us when it s someone who we ve relied on in the business where we never got involved 104 Soon afterwards the band began an ill fated film project Magical Mystery Tour Starr s growing interest in photography led to his billing as the movie s Director of Photography and his participation in the film s editing was matched only by that of McCartney 105 In February 1968 Starr became the first Beatle to sing on another artist s show without the others He sang the Buck Owens hit Act Naturally and performed a duet with Cilla Black Do You Like Me Just a Little Bit on her BBC One television programme Cilla 106 In November 1968 Apple Records released The Beatles commonly known as the White Album 107 The album was partly inspired by the band s recent interactions with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 108 While attending the Maharishi s intermediate course at his ashram in Rishikesh India they enjoyed one of their most prolific writing periods composing most of the album there 109 It was here that Starr completed his first recorded Beatles song Don t Pass Me By 110 but he left after 10 days and later compared his time there to a stay at Butlin s 111 The long lasting health problems that began in his childhood had an impact on his time in India causing him to experience allergies and sensitivities to the local food when the band travelled there he resorted to taking his own food with him 112 Relations within the Beatles deteriorated during the recording of the White Album 113 and there were occasions where only one or two members were involved in the recording of a track 114 Starr had become tired of McCartney s increasingly overbearing approach Lennon s passive aggressive behaviour and the near constant presence of Lennon s wife Yoko Ono 114 After one particularly difficult session which included McCartney harshly criticising his drumming Starr briefly quit the Beatles and went on holiday to Sardinia where he and his family stayed on a boat loaned to them by actor Peter Sellers 115 During a lunch there the chef served octopus and Starr refused to eat it an ensuing conversation with the ship s captain about the animal inspired Starr s song Octopus s Garden from the Beatles album Abbey Road which he wrote using a guitar during the trip 116 Two weeks later 117 he returned to the studio to find that Harrison had covered his drum kit in flowers as a welcome back gesture 118 Despite a temporary return to friendly interactions during the completion of the White Album production of the Beatles fourth feature film Let It Be and its accompanying album further strained band relationships 119 On 20 August 1969 the Beatles gathered for the final time at Abbey Road Studios for a mixing session for I Want You 120 At a business meeting exactly one month later Lennon told the others that he was leaving the band effective immediately 121 However the band s break up would not become public knowledge until McCartney s announcement on 10 April 1970 that he was also leaving 122 Solo career1970s Starr rear centre drumming with Bob Dylan and the Band in November 1976 from the concert film The Last Waltz Shortly before McCartney announced his exit from the Beatles in April 1970 he and Starr had a falling out due to McCartney s refusal to cede the release date of his eponymous solo album to allow for Starr s debut Sentimental Journey and the Beatles Let It Be 123 Starr s album composed of renditions of pre rock standards that included musical arrangements by Quincy Jones Maurice Gibb George Martin and McCartney peaked at number seven in the UK and number 22 in the US 124 Starr followed Sentimental Journey with the country inspired Beaucoups of Blues engineered by Scotty Moore and featuring renowned Nashville session musician Pete Drake 125 Despite favourable reviews the album was a commercial failure 126 Starr subsequently combined his musical activities with developing a career as a film actor 127 Starr played drums on Lennon s John Lennon Plastic Ono Band 1970 Ono s Yoko Ono Plastic Ono Band 1970 and on Harrison s albums All Things Must Pass 1970 Living in the Material World 1973 and Dark Horse 1974 128 In 1971 Starr participated in the Concert for Bangladesh organised by Harrison and with him co wrote the hit single It Don t Come Easy which reached number four in both the US and the UK 129 The following year he released his most successful UK hit Back Off Boogaloo again produced and co written by Harrison which peaked at number two US number nine 130 Having become friends with the English singer Marc Bolan Starr made his directorial debut with the 1972 T Rex documentary Born to Boogie 131 In 1973 and 1974 Starr had two number one hits in the US Photograph a UK number eight hit co written with Harrison and You re Sixteen written by the Sherman Brothers 132 Starr s third million selling single in the US You re Sixteen was released in the UK in February 1974 where it peaked at number four 133 Both tracks appeared on Starr s debut rock album Ringo produced by Richard Perry and featuring further contributions from Harrison as well as a song each from Lennon and McCartney 134 A commercial and critical success the LP also included Oh My My a US number five 135 The album reached number seven in the UK and number two in the US 136 Author Peter Doggett describes Ringo as a template for Starr s solo career saying that as a musician first rather than a songwriter he would rely on his friends and his charm and if both were on tap then the results were usually appealing 137 Goodnight Vienna followed in 1974 and was also successful reaching number eight in the US and number 30 in the UK 138 Featuring contributions from Lennon Elton John and Harry Nilsson the album included a cover of the Platters Only You And You Alone which peaked at number six in the US and number 28 in the UK and Hoyt Axton s No No Song which was a US number three and Starr s seventh consecutive top ten hit 139 The Elton John written Snookeroo failed to chart in the UK however 140 During this period Starr became romantically involved with Lynsey de Paul 141 He played tambourine on a song she wrote and produced for Vera Lynn Don t You Remember When and he inspired another De Paul song If I Don t Get You the Next One Will which she described as being about revenge after he missed a dinner appointment with her because he was asleep in his office 141 Starr founded the record label Ring O Records in 1975 142 nb 7 The company signed eleven artists and released fifteen singles and five albums between 1975 and 1978 including works by David Hentschel Graham Bonnet and Rab Noakes 144 The commercial impact of Starr s own career diminished over the same period however although he continued to record and remained a familiar celebrity presence 145 Speaking in 2001 he attributed this downward turn to his not taking enough interest in music saying of himself and friends such as Nilsson and Keith Moon We weren t musicians dabbling in drugs and alcohol now we were junkies dabbling in music 146 Starr Nilsson and Moon were members of a drinking club the Hollywood Vampires 147 From the late 1960s until the mid 1980s Starr and the designer Robin Cruikshank ran a furniture and interior design company ROR 148 ROR s designs were placed on sale in the department stores of Harvey Nichols and Liberty of London 148 The company designed the interiors of palaces in Abu Dhabi and Oman and the apartments of Paul Raymond and Starr s friend Nilsson 149 150 151 In November 1976 Starr appeared as a guest at the Band s farewell concert featured in the 1978 Martin Scorsese documentary The Last Waltz 152 Also in 1976 Starr issued Ringo s Rotogravure the first release under his new contract with Atlantic Records for the North American market and Polydor for all other territories 153 The album was produced by Arif Mardin and featured compositions by Lennon McCartney and Harrison 145 Starr promoted the release heavily yet Rotogravure and its accompanying singles failed to chart in the UK 154 In America the LP produced two minor hits A Dose of Rock n Roll number 26 and a cover of Hey Baby number 74 and achieved moderate sales reaching a chart position of 28 145 Its disappointing performance inspired Atlantic to revamp Starr s formula 155 the result was a blend of disco and 1970s pop Ringo the 4th 1977 156 The album failed to chart in the UK and peaked at number 162 in the US 157 In 1978 Starr released Bad Boy which reached number 129 in the US and again failed to place on the UK albums chart 158 In April 1979 Starr became seriously ill with intestinal problems relating to his childhood bout of peritonitis and was taken to the Princess Grace Hospital in Monte Carlo He almost died and during an operation on 28 April several feet of intestine had to be removed 159 160 Three weeks later he played with McCartney and Harrison at Eric Clapton s wedding 160 On 28 November a fire destroyed his Hollywood home and much of his Beatles memorabilia 160 1980s On 19 May 1980 Starr and Barbara Bach survived a car crash in Surrey England 161 Starr performing for the Prince s Trust Wembley Arena London 6 June 1987 Following Lennon s murder in December 1980 Harrison modified the lyrics of a song he had originally written for Starr All Those Years Ago as a tribute to their former bandmate 162 Released as a Harrison single in 1981 the track which included Starr s drum part and overdubbed backing vocals by McCartney peaked at number two in the US charts and number 13 in the UK 163 Later that year Starr released Stop and Smell the Roses featuring songs produced by Nilsson McCartney Harrison Ronnie Wood and Stephen Stills 164 The album s lead single the Harrison composed Wrack My Brain reached number 38 in the US charts but failed to chart in the UK 165 Lennon had offered a pair of songs for inclusion on the album Nobody Told Me and Life Begins at 40 but following his death Starr did not feel comfortable recording them 164 Soon after the murder Starr and his girlfriend Barbara Bach flew to New York City to be with Lennon s widow Yoko Ono 166 nb 8 Following Stop and Smell the Roses Starr s recording projects were beset with problems After completing Old Wave in 1982 with producer Joe Walsh 170 he was unable to find a record company willing to release the album in the UK or the US 171 In 1987 he abandoned sessions in Memphis for a planned country album produced by Chips Moman after which Moman was blocked by a court injunction from issuing the recordings 172 Starr narrated the 1984 86 series of the children s series Thomas amp Friends a Britt Allcroft production based on the books by the Reverend W Awdry 173 For a single season in 1989 Starr also portrayed the character Mr Conductor in the American Thomas amp Friends spin off Shining Time Station 174 In 1985 Starr performed with his son Zak as part of Artists United Against Apartheid on the protest song Sun City 175 and with Harrison and Eric Clapton was among the special guests on Carl Perkins TV special Blue Suede Shoes A Rockabilly Session 176 In 1987 he played drums on Harrison s Beatles pastiche When We Was Fab and also appeared in Godley amp Creme s innovative video clip for the song 177 178 The same year Starr joined Harrison Clapton Jeff Lynne and Elton John in a performance at London s Wembley Arena for the Prince s Trust charity 179 In January 1988 he attended the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ceremony in New York with Harrison and Ono the latter representing Lennon to accept the Beatles induction into the Hall of Fame 180 During October and November 1988 Starr and Bach attended a detox clinic in Tucson Arizona each received a six week treatment for alcoholism 181 He later commented on his longstanding addiction Years I ve lost absolute years I ve no idea what happened I lived in a blackout 182 nb 9 Having embraced sobriety Starr focused on re establishing his career by making a return to touring 184 On 23 July 1989 Ringo Starr amp His All Starr Band gave their first performance to an audience of ten thousand in Dallas Texas 185 Setting a pattern that would continue over the following decades 186 the band consisted of Starr and an assortment of musicians who had been successful in their own right at different times 187 The concerts interchanged Starr s singing including selections of his Beatles and solo songs with performances of each of the other artists well known material the latter incorporating either Starr or another musician as drummer 187 1990s The first All Starr excursion led to the release of Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band 1990 a compilation of live performances from the 1989 tour 188 nb 10 Also in 1990 Starr recorded a version of the song I Call Your Name for a television special marking the 10th anniversary of John Lennon s death and the 50th anniversary of Lennon s birth The track produced by Lynne features a supergroup composed of Lynne Tom Petty Joe Walsh and Jim Keltner 192 The following year Starr made a cameo appearance on The Simpsons episode Brush with Greatness and contributed an original song You Never Know to the soundtrack of the John Hughes film Curly Sue 193 In 1992 he released his first studio album in nine years Time Takes Time which was produced by Phil Ramone Don Was Lynne and Peter Asher and featured guest appearances by various stars including Brian Wilson and Harry Nilsson 194 The album failed to achieve commercial success 195 although the single Weight of the World peaked at number 74 in the UK marking his first appearance on the singles chart there since Only You in 1974 196 In 1994 he began a collaboration with the surviving former Beatles for the Beatles Anthology project They recorded two new Beatles songs built around solo vocal and piano tapes recorded by Lennon and gave lengthy interviews about the Beatles career 197 Released in December 1995 Free as a Bird was the first new Beatles single since 1970 198 In March 1996 they released a second single Real Love The temporary reunion ended when Harrison refused to participate in the completion of a third song 199 Starr then played drums on McCartney s 1997 album Flaming Pie Among the tracks to which he contributed Little Willow was a song McCartney wrote about Starr s ex wife Maureen who died in 1994 while Really Love You was the first official release ever credited to McCartney Starkey 200 In 1998 he released two albums on the Mercury label The studio album Vertical Man marked the beginning of a nine year partnership with Mark Hudson who produced the album and with his band the Roundheads formed the core of the backing group on the recordings In addition many famous guests joined on various tracks including Martin Petty McCartney and in his final appearance on a Starr album Harrison Most of the songs were written by Starr and the band Joe Walsh and the Roundheads joined Starr for his appearance on VH1 Storytellers which was released as an album under the same name During the show he performed greatest hits and new songs and told anecdotes relating to them 201 Starr s final release for Mercury was the 1999 Christmas themed I Wanna Be Santa Claus The album was a commercial failure although the record company chose not to issue it in Britain 202 2000s Starr left on stage in New York City in 2005 Starr was inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2002 joining an elite group of drummers and percussionists that include Buddy Rich William F Ludwig Sr and William F Ludwig Jr 203 On 29 November 2002 the first anniversary of Harrison s death he performed Photograph and a cover of Carl Perkins Honey Don t at the Concert for George held in the Royal Albert Hall London 204 Early the following year he released the album Ringo Rama which contained a song he co wrote as a tribute to Harrison Never Without You 205 Also in 2003 he formed Pumkinhead Records with All Starr Band member Mark Hudson 206 The label was not prolific but their first signing was Liam Lynch who produced a 2003 LP entitled Fake Songs 207 Starr served as an honorary Santa Tracker and voice over personality in 2003 and 2004 during the London stop in Father Christmas s annual Christmas Eve journey as depicted in the annual NORAD tracks Santa program According to NORAD officials he was a Starr in the east who helped guide North American Aerospace Defense Command s Santa tracking tradition 208 Starr as an Honorary Santa Tracker His 2005 release Choose Love eschewed the star guests approach of his last two studio albums 209 but failed to chart in the UK or the US 210 That same year Liverpool s City Council announced plans to demolish Starr s birthplace 9 Madryn Street stating that it had no historical significance 211 The LCC later announced that the building would be taken apart brick by brick and preserved 212 Starr released the album Liverpool 8 in January 2008 coinciding with the start of Liverpool s year as the European Capital of Culture 213 Hudson was the initial producer of the recordings but after a falling out with Starr he was replaced by David A Stewart 189 Starr performed the title track at the opening ceremony for Liverpool s appointment but thereafter attracted controversy over his seemingly unflattering comments about his city of birth 214 Later that year he was the object of further criticism in the press for posting a video on his website in which he harangued fans and autograph hunters for sending him items to sign 215 nb 11 In April 2009 he reunited with McCartney at the David Lynch Foundation s Change Begins Within benefit concert held at New York s Radio City Music Hall Having played his own set beforehand Starr joined McCartney for the finale and performed With a Little Help from My Friends among other songs 217 Starr also appeared on stage during Microsoft s June 2009 E3 press conference with Yoko Ono McCartney and Olivia Harrison to promote The Beatles Rock Band video game 218 2010s Starr performing in 2013 In 2010 Starr self produced and released his fifteenth studio album Y Not which included the track Walk with You and featured a vocal contribution from McCartney 219 Later that year he appeared during Hope for Haiti Now A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief as a celebrity phone operator 220 On 7 July 2010 he celebrated his 70th birthday at Radio City Music Hall with another All Starr Band concert topped with friends and family joining him on stage including Ono his son Zak and McCartney 221 Starr recorded a cover of Buddy Holly s Think It Over for the 2011 tribute album Listen to Me Buddy Holly 222 In January 2012 he released the album Ringo 2012 Later that year he announced that his All Starr Band would tour the Pacific Rim during 2013 with select dates in New Zealand Australia and Japan it was his first performance in Japan since 1996 and his debut in both New Zealand and Australia 223 In January 2014 Starr joined McCartney for a special performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles where they performed the song Queenie Eye 224 That summer he toured Canada and the US with an updated version of the Twelfth All Starr Band featuring multi instrumentalist Warren Ham instead of saxophonist Mark Rivera In July Starr became involved in peacerocks an anti violence campaign started by fashion designer John Varvatos in conjunction with the David Lynch Foundation 225 226 In September 2014 he won at the GQ Men of the Year Awards for his humanitarian work with the David Lynch Foundation 227 Starr performing in 2017 In January 2015 Starr tweeted the title of his new studio album Postcards from Paradise The album came a few weeks in advance of Starr s induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and was released on 31 March 2015 to mixed to positive reviews 228 229 Later that month Starr and his band announced a forthcoming Summer 2016 Tour of the US Full production began in June 2016 in Syracuse 230 On 7 July 2017 his 77th birthday Starr released Give More Love as a single which was followed two months later by his nineteenth studio album also titled Give More Love and issued by UMe 231 The album includes appearances by McCartney as well as frequent collaborators such as Joe Walsh David A Stewart Gary Nicholson and members of the All Starr Band 232 On 13 September 2019 Starr announced the upcoming release of his 20th album What s My Name to be released by UMe on 25 October 2019 He recorded the album in his home studio Roccabella West in Los Angeles 233 2020s In celebration of his 80th birthday in July 2020 Starr organised a live streamed concert featuring appearances by many of his friends and collaborators including McCartney Walsh Ben Harper Dave Grohl Sheryl Crow Sheila E and Willie Nelson The show replaced his annual public birthday celebration at the Capitol Records Building which was cancelled due to the COVID 19 pandemic 234 On 16 December 2020 Starr released the song Here s to the Nights An accompanying video was released on 18 December The song of peace love and friendship was written by Diane Warren and features a group of his friends including McCartney Joe Walsh Corinne Bailey Rae Eric Burdon Sheryl Crow Finneas Dave Grohl Ben Harper Lenny Kravitz Jenny Lewis Steve Lukather Chris Stapleton and Yola The song was the lead single from his EP Zoom In which was released on 19 March 2021 via UMe 235 On 16 March 2021 Starr stated in an interview with Esquire that it was unlikely that he would record another full length album preferring to release EPs instead 236 On 24 September that year he released the EP Change the World a sequel to the previous EP Zoom In 237 On 7 February 2022 Starr announced his intention to return to touring with his band for the first time since 2019 The tour was announced to run from 27 May to 26 June 238 but several concerts held in June would end up being postponed till October due to two members of the band catching COVID 19 These postponed events were added to the band s previously announced fall tour to be held in September and October 239 On 1 October he cancelled a concert at the Four Winds New Buffalo casino due to an unspecified illness affecting his voice Another concert to be held at Mystic Lake Casino Hotel the following day was also postponed 240 On 3 October it was confirmed that Starr had tested positive for COVID 19 after which several shows in Canada were cancelled 241 242 MusicianshipInfluences During his youth Starr had been a devoted fan of skiffle and blues music but by the time he joined the Texans in 1958 he had developed a preference for rock and roll 243 He was also influenced by country artists including Hank Williams Buck Owens and Hank Snow and jazz artists such as Chico Hamilton and Yusef Lateef whose compositional style inspired Starr s fluid and energetic drum fills and grooves 244 While reflecting on Buddy Rich Starr commented He does things with one hand that I can t do with nine but that s technique Everyone I talk to says What about Buddy Rich Well what about him Because he doesn t turn me on 245 He stated that he was never really into drummers but identified Cozy Cole s 1958 cover of Benny Goodman s Topsy Part Two as the one drum record he bought 246 Starr s first musical hero was Gene Autry about whom he commented I remember getting shivers up my back when he sang South of the Border 247 By the early 1960s he had become an ardent fan of Lee Dorsey 248 In November 1964 Starr told Melody Maker Our music is second hand versions of negro music Ninety per cent of the music I like is coloured 249 Drums Starr with his All Starr Band in Paris 26 June 2011 Starr said of his drumming I m no good on the technical things I m your basic offbeat drummer with funny fills because I m really left handed playing a right handed kit I can t roll around the drums because of that 250 Beatles producer George Martin said Ringo hit good and hard and used the tom tom well even though he couldn t do a roll to save his life but later said He s got tremendous feel He always helped us to hit the right tempo for a song and gave it that support that rock solid back beat that made the recording of all the Beatles songs that much easier 250 Starr said he did not believe the drummer s role was to interpret the song Instead comparing his drumming to painting he said I am the foundation and then I put a bit of glow here and there If there s a gap I want to be good enough to fill it 245 In 2011 Rolling Stone readers voted Starr the fifth greatest drummer of all time 251 Journalist Robyn Flans wrote for the Percussive Arts Society I cannot count the number of drummers who have told me that Ringo inspired their passion for drums 4 Drummer Steve Smith said Before Ringo drum stars were measured by their soloing ability and virtuosity Ringo s popularity brought forth a new paradigm in how the public saw drummers We started to see the drummer as an equal participant in the compositional aspect One of Ringo s great qualities was that he composed unique stylistic drum parts for the Beatles songs His parts are so signature to the songs that you can listen to a Ringo drum part without the rest of the music and still identify the song 4 Starr said his favourite drummer is Jim Keltner 252 with whom he first played at the Concert for Bangladesh in August 1971 253 The pair subsequently played drums together on some of Harrison s recordings during the 1970s 254 on Ringo and other albums by Starr and on the early All Starr Band tours 255 For Ringo s Rotogravure in 1976 Starr credited himself as Thunder and Keltner as Lightnin 254 Starr influenced Genesis drummer Phil Collins 256 who said I think he s vastly underrated Ringo The drum fills on A Day in the Life are very very complex things You could take a great drummer from today and say I want it like that and they really wouldn t know what to do 257 Collins said his drumming on the 1983 Genesis song That s All was an affectionate attempt at a Ringo Starr drum part 258 In an often repeated but apocryphal story when asked if Starr was the best drummer in the world Lennon quipped that he wasn t even the best drummer in the Beatles The line actually comes from a 1981 episode of the BBC Radio comedy series Radio Active 259 although it gained more prominence when used by the television comedian Jasper Carrott in 1983 three years after Lennon s death 260 In September 1980 Lennon told Rolling Stone that Starr was a damn good drummer whose talent would have surfaced even without the Beatles 261 Tjinder Singh of the indie rock band Cornershop highlighted Starr as a pioneering drummer saying There was a time when the common consensus was that Ringo couldn t play What s that all about He s totally unique a one off and hip hop has a lot to thank him for 262 In his book The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions Mark Lewisohn says there were fewer than a dozen occasions in the Beatles eight year recording career where session breakdowns were caused by Starr making a mistake while the vast majority of takes were stopped due to mistakes by the other Beatles 263 Starr influenced various modern drumming techniques such as the matched grip tuning the drums lower and using muffling devices on tonal rings 4 According to Ken Micallef and Donnie Marshall co authors of Classic Rock Drummers Ringo s fat tom sounds and delicate cymbal work were imitated by thousands of drummers 264 In 2021 Starr announced a ten part MasterClass course called Drumming and Creative Collaboration 265 Vocals Starr sang lead vocals for a song on most of the Beatles studio albums as part of an attempt to establish a vocal personality for each band member In many cases Lennon or McCartney wrote the lyrics and melody especially for him as they did for Yellow Submarine from Revolver and With a Little Help from My Friends on Sgt Pepper s Lonely Hearts Club Band 266 These melodies were tailored to Starr s limited baritone vocal range Because of his distinctive voice Starr rarely performed backing vocals during his time with the Beatles but they can be heard on songs such as Maxwell s Silver Hammer and Carry That Weight 267 He is also the lead vocalist on his compositions Don t Pass Me By and Octopus s Garden 268 In addition he sang lead on I Wanna Be Your Man Boys Matchbox Honey Don t Act Naturally Good Night and What Goes On 269 Songwriting Starr s idiosyncratic turns of phrase or Ringoisms such as a hard day s night and tomorrow never knows were used as song titles by the Beatles particularly by Lennon 270 McCartney commented Ringo would do these little malapropisms he would say things slightly wrong like people do but his were always wonderful very lyrical they were sort of magic 271 Starr also occasionally contributed lyrics to unfinished Lennon McCartney songs such as the line darning his socks in the night when there s nobody there in Eleanor Rigby 272 Starr is credited as the sole composer of two Beatles songs Don t Pass Me By and Octopus s Garden the latter written with assistance from Harrison 273 While promoting the Abbey Road album in 1969 Harrison recognised Starr s lyrics to Octopus s Garden as an unwittingly profound message about finding inner peace and therefore an example of how Ringo writes his cosmic songs without knowing it 274 Starr is also credited as a co writer of What Goes On Flying and Dig It 275 nb 12 On material issued after the band s break up he received a writing credit for Taking a Trip to Carolina and joint songwriting credits with the other Beatles for 12 Bar Original Los Paranoias Christmas Time Is Here Again Suzy Parker from the Let It Be film and Jessie s Dream from the Magical Mystery Tour film 276 In a 2003 interview Starr discussed Harrison s input in his songwriting and said I was great at writing two verses and a chorus I m still pretty good at that Finishing songs is not my forte 277 Harrison helped Starr complete two of his biggest hit songs It Don t Come Easy and Back Off Boogaloo 277 although he only accepted a credit for Photograph which they wrote together in France 278 Starting with the Ringo album in 1973 Starr shared a songwriting partnership with Vini Poncia 279 One of the pair s first collaborations was Oh My My 279 Over half of the songs on Ringo the 4th were Starkey Poncia compositions but the partnership produced just two more songs released on Bad Boy in 1978 280 Personal lifeStarr met hairdresser Maureen Cox in 1962 the same week that he joined the Beatles They married in February 1965 281 Beatles manager Brian Epstein was best man and Starr s stepfather Harry Graves and fellow Beatle George Harrison were witnesses 282 Their marriage became the subject of the novelty song Treat Him Tender Maureen by the Chicklettes 283 The couple had three children Zak born 13 September 1965 Jason born 19 August 1967 and Lee born 11 November 1970 284 In 1971 Starr purchased Lennon s home Tittenhurst Park at Sunninghill in Berkshire and moved his family there 285 The couple divorced in 1975 following Starr s repeated infidelities 286 Maureen died from leukaemia at age 48 in 1994 287 Barbara Bach in 1978 Starr met actress Barbara Bach in 1980 on the set of the film Caveman and they were married at Marylebone Town Hall on 27 April 1981 288 289 In 1985 he was the first of the Beatles to become a grandfather upon the birth of Zak s daughter Tatia Jayne Starkey 290 Zak is also a drummer and he spent time with the Who s Keith Moon during his father s regular absences 291 he has performed with his father during some All Starr Band tours 292 Starr has eight grandchildren two from Zak three from Jason and three from Lee 293 In 2016 he was the first Beatle to become a great grandfather 294 Starr and Bach split their time between homes in Cranleigh Los Angeles and Monte Carlo 295 He was listed at number 56 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2011 with an estimated personal wealth of 150 million 296 In 2012 he was estimated to be the wealthiest drummer in the world 297 In 2014 Starr announced that his 200 acre Surrey estate at Rydinghurst was for sale with its Grade II listed Jacobean house 298 299 However he retains a property in the London district of Chelsea off King s Road and he and Bach continue to divide their time between London and Los Angeles 300 In December 2015 Starr and Bach auctioned some of their personal and professional items via Julien s Auctions in Los Angeles 301 The collection included Starr s first Ludwig Black Oyster Pearl drum kit instruments given to him by Harrison Lennon and Marc Bolan 301 and a first pressing copy of the Beatles White Album numbered 0000001 302 The auction raised over 9 million 303 a portion of which was set aside for the Lotus Foundation a charity founded by Starr and Bach 304 In 2016 Starr expressed his support for the United Kingdom s withdrawal from the European Union I thought the European Union was a great idea he said but I didn t see it going anywhere lately 305 In 2017 he described his impatience for Britain to get on with Brexit declaring that to be in control of your country is a good move 306 In October 2021 Starr was named in the Pandora Papers which allege a secret financial deal of politicians and celebrities using tax havens in an effort to avoid the payment of owed taxes 307 Starr is a vegetarian 308 and meditates daily 309 His catchphrase and motto for life is peace and love 308 Awards and honoursFurther information List of awards and nominations received by the Beatles Starr performing in Paris June 2011 Starr and the other members of the Beatles were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire MBE in the 1965 Birthday Honours 310 they received their insignia from Queen Elizabeth II at an investiture at Buckingham Palace on 26 October 311 He and the other Beatles were collectively nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Newcomer for their performances in the 1964 film A Hard Day s Night 312 In 1971 the Beatles received an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score for the film Let It Be 313 The minor planet 4150 Starr discovered on 31 August 1984 by Brian A Skiff at the Anderson Mesa Station of the Lowell Observatory was named in Starr s honour 314 Starr was nominated for a 1989 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children s Series for his role as Mr Conductor in the television series Shining Time Station 315 In 2015 27 years after he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the Beatles Starr became the last Beatle to be inducted for a solo career 316 Unlike the other three Beatles who were inducted within the Performers category Starr was inducted within the Musical Excellence category 317 During the 50th Grammy Awards Starr George Martin and his son Giles accepted the Best Compilation Soundtrack award for Love On 9 November 2008 Starr accepted a Diamond Award on behalf of the Beatles during the 2008 World Music Awards ceremony in Monaco On 8 February 2010 he was honoured with the 2 401st star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce It is located at 1750 North Vine Street in front of the Capitol Records building as are the stars for Lennon McCartney and Harrison 318 Starr was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 2018 New Year Honours for services to music 319 He was knighted in an investiture ceremony at Buckingham Palace by Prince William Duke of Cambridge on 20 March 2018 320 In 2022 Starr received an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Berklee College of Music for his immeasurable impact on music film and television and popular culture 321 322 Film careerMain article Ringo Starr filmography Starr has received praise from critics and movie industry professionals regarding his acting director and producer Walter Shenson called him a superb actor an absolute natural 77 By the mid 1960s Starr had become a connoisseur of film 323 In addition to his roles in A Hard Day s Night 1964 Help 1965 Magical Mystery Tour 1967 and Let It Be 1970 Starr also acted in Candy 1968 The Magic Christian 1969 Blindman 1971 Son of Dracula 1974 and Caveman 1981 324 In 1971 he starred as Larry the Dwarf in Frank Zappa s 200 Motels and was featured in Harry Nilsson s animated film The Point 325 He co starred in That ll Be the Day 1973 as a Teddy Boy and appeared in The Last Waltz the Martin Scorsese documentary film about the 1976 farewell concert of the Band 326 Starr played the Pope in Ken Russell s Lisztomania 1975 and a fictionalised version of himself in McCartney s Give My Regards to Broad Street in 1984 327 Starr appeared as himself and a downtrodden alter ego Ognir Rrats in Ringo 1978 an American made television comedy film based loosely on The Prince and the Pauper 328 For the 1979 documentary film on the Who The Kids Are Alright Starr appeared in interview segments with fellow drummer Keith Moon 329 DiscographyMain article Ringo Starr discography See also The Beatles discography and List of songs recorded by Ringo Starr Since the breakup of the Beatles Starr has released 20 solo studio albums 330 Sentimental Journey 1970 Beaucoups of Blues 1970 Ringo 1973 Goodnight Vienna 1974 Ringo s Rotogravure 1976 Ringo the 4th 1977 Bad Boy 1978 Stop and Smell the Roses 1981 Old Wave 1983 Time Takes Time 1992 Vertical Man 1998 I Wanna Be Santa Claus 1999 Ringo Rama 2003 Choose Love 2005 Liverpool 8 2008 Y Not 2010 Ringo 2012 2012 Postcards from Paradise 2015 Give More Love 2017 What s My Name 2019 BooksPostcards from the Boys 2004 Octopus s Garden 2014 Photograph 2015 Notes Starr had first drummed with the Texans on 25 March 1959 at the Mardi Gras club in Liverpool 42 Of the nine 78 rpm discs that were cut only one is known to have survived 53 Starr sat in for an ill Pete Best during two shows on 5 February 1962 56 Martin chose 4 September version of Love Me Do with Starr on drums for the A side and 11 September recording of P S I Love You with Starr on maracas for the B side 57 Epstein then accompanied Nicol to the Melbourne airport where he gave him a cheque and a gold Eterna Matic wrist watch inscribed From the Beatles and Brian Epstein to Jimmy with appreciation and gratitude 86 Starr had his tonsils removed later that year during a Christmas holiday 87 Starr offered no suggestions for inclusion on the album s historic front cover 101 In November that year Starr s hit singles and other tracks were compiled on the greatest hits collection Blast from Your Past which was the last album released by Apple Records 143 From 1981 onwards Starr also worked on McCartney s solo recordings for the first time 167 With Martin producing the sessions Starr s playing appeared on the McCartney albums Tug of War 1982 168 Pipes of Peace 1983 and Give My Regards to Broad Street 1984 169 Starr experienced his first alcoholic blackout at the age of nine 183 Since the early 1990s Starr has continued to issue live albums from his All Starr Band tours 189 Among these releases are Live from Montreux 1993 190 and Live at the Greek Theatre 2008 191 In the video posted on 10 October 2008 Starr told fans that he was too busy and would not be signing autographs after 20 October 216 What Goes On was a pre Beatles Lennon song to which McCartney added a middle eight in an effort to provide Starr a lead vocal on Rubber Soul 92 References Ringo Starr Front Row 31 December 2008 BBC Radio 4 Retrieved 18 January 2014 Ringo Starr Biography Biography com 2 November 2021 Bruner Raisa 20 March 2018 Prince William Just Knighted Ringo Starr and He Has the Perfect Plan for His New Medal Time Retrieved 21 March 2018 a b c d Flans Robyn Ringo Starr PAS Hall of Fame Percussive Arts Society Archived from the original on 7 July 2015 Retrieved 6 July 2015 Miles 1997 p 280 Modern Drummer s Readers Poll Archive 1979 2014 Modern Drummer Retrieved 10 August 2015 2015 Rock Hall inductees Radio com Archived from the original on 17 December 2014 Retrieved 16 December 2014 Arise Sir Ringo Beatles drummer Ringo Starr receives knighthood NME 20 March 2018 Retrieved 20 March 2018 Gabrielle Olyatitle 3 August 2020 Ringo Starr Net Worth You Won t Believe How Big the Beatle s Fortune Is Now Retrieved 3 January 2021 Clayson 2005 pp 15 16 Born at 9 Madryn Street parent s occupations Davies 2009 p 142 Spitz 2005 pp 332 333 Spitz 2005 pp 332 333 a b Spitz 2005 pp 333 334 Clayson 2005 p 17 Moving to 10 Admiral Grove in an effort to reduce their rent payments Davies 2009 p 142 his parents separated Spitz 2005 p 334 divorced within the year Davies 2009 p 142 Visiting as few as three times thereafter Spitz 2005 p 334 no real memories of his father Spitz 2005 pp 334 335 Clayson 2005 p 21 Spitz 2005 pp 336 337 Clayson 2005 p 21 Davies 2009 pp 143 144 a b Spitz 2005 p 337 Spitz 2005 p 337 a feeling of alienation at school Davies 2009 p 145 Sefton Park Clayson 2005 p 17 His surrogate sister Marie Maguire Spitz 2005 pp 332 339 tuberculosis and the sanatorium The Beatles 2000 p 36 primary source Spitz 2005 pp 338 339 secondary source Spitz 2005 p 339 The Beatles 2000 p 36 Clayson 2005 pp 22 23 classmates nicknamed Starr Lazarus Davies 2009 pp 145 147 Dingle Vale Secondary Modern Gould 2007 p 125 St Silas primary school Clayson 2005 p 23 Lewisohn 2013 p 70 Spitz 2005 p 340 Davies 2009 p 146 Spitz 2005 pp 336 339 a b c d Spitz 2005 p 332 Clayson 2005 p 16 Davies 2009 p 141 Spitz 2005 pp 332 335 Spitz 2005 p 335 Gould 2007 p 125 his return from the sanatorium in 1955 Spitz 2005 pp 340 341 The Beatles 2000 p 36 primary source Spitz 2005 p 340 secondary source The Beatles 2000 p 36 primary source Spitz 2005 pp 340 341 secondary source Starr 2015 Chapter 2 a b c Spitz 2005 p 341 Spitz 2005 pp 341 342 a b Spitz 2005 p 342 Clayson 2005 pp 37 38 The UK skiffle craze succumbed to American rock and roll by early 1958 Spitz 2005 p 343 Clayson 2005 p 45 Starr joined Storm s band in November 1959 Lewisohn 1992 p 58 Starr joined Storm s band in November 1959 Spitz 2005 pp 324 341 343 Clayson 2005 p 44 Lewisohn 1992 p 58 Clayson 2005 pp 44 45 Spitz 2005 pp 324 341 343 Clayson 2005 pp 57 58 secondary source Spitz 2005 pp 324 341 345 secondary source The Beatles 2000 p 39 primary source Clayson 2005 p 50 Davies 2009 p 150 Lewisohn 1992 p 58 Clayson 2005 pp 54 55 Davies 2009 p 150 Spitz 2005 pp 245 246 Davies 2009 p 150 Clayson 2005 p 54 Davies 2009 p 150 Clayson 2005 p 63 Starr first met the Beatles in Hamburg Davies 2009 pp 150 151 Starr first met the Beatles in Hamburg Harry 2004 p 302 Bruno Koschmider Lewisohn 1992 p 23 arriving in Hamburg on 1 October 1960 Clayson 2005 p 62 the Hurricanes were paid more than the Beatles Harry 2004 p 302 the Hurricanes were given top billing over the Beatles Clayson 2005 p 63 Starr recording with the Beatles for the first time Davies 2009 p 151 Starr performed with the Beatles during a few stand in engagements while in Hamburg Lewisohn 1992 p 23 Starr recording with the Beatles for the first time Lewisohn 1992 p 23 Clayson 2005 p 69 Gould 2007 p 126 Clayson 2005 p 58 A second season with the Hurricanes at Butlins Clayson 2005 pp 81 82 Starr quit the Hurricanes and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg Gould 2007 p 126 Starr quit the Hurricanes and briefly joined Sheridan in Hamburg a b Harry 2004 p 110 a b c d Lewisohn 1992 p 59 Davies 2009 p 137 Clayson 2005 p 87 Harry 2004 p 110 Lewisohn 1992 p 75 Clayson 2005 pp 88 89 Harrison received a black eye Davies 2009 p 138 Epstein hired a bodyguard Harry 2004 p 110 tertiary source Everett 2001 p 126 Harry 2004 pp 367 368 Latson Jennifer 11 September 2014 Ringo Starr s Sad Tambourine Moment Time Retrieved 3 June 2021 Davies 2009 p 163 Clayson 2005 p 96 Clayson 2005 pp 89 147 a b Clayson 2005 p 105 Clayson 2005 p 94 a b Clayson 2005 p 112 Lewisohn 1992 p 88 Lewisohn 1992 pp 93 136 137 Clayson 2005 p 119 we re ordinary lads Clayson 2005 p 123 I d made it as a personality a b Clayson 2005 p 122 O Reilly Terry Bookmarks 2016 Under the Influence CBC News Retrieved 27 August 2016 Clayson 2005 p 123 Clayson 2005 p 124 125 a b Clayson 2005 p 125 Clayson 2005 p 124 Clayson 2005 p 148 Clayson 2005 p 128 Clayson 2005 pp 127 128 Lewisohn 1992 pp 160 161 Clayson 2005 pp 128 130 Babiuk 2002 p 132 Lewisohn 1992 pp 160 163 Harry 2004 p 255 Harry 2004 p 111 Rhythm Johnny 9 August 2012 The Beatles Many Drummers Seattle Post Intelligencer Retrieved 2 January 2013 Gould 2007 p 252 Meeting Dylan in August Clayson 2005 p 137 Starr was the first Beatle to smoke cannabis Harry 2004 pp 333 334 Clayson 2005 pp 139 140 a b c Clayson 2005 p 147 Lewisohn 1992 p 350 Clayson 2005 p 159 Clayson 2005 p 152 Lewisohn 1992 pp 210 230 Clayson 2005 p 152 Clayson 2005 pp 142 144 Clayson 2005 pp 143 144 Clayson 2005 pp 159 161 179 Clayson 2005 pp 160 161 Clayson 2005 p 160 Clayson 2005 pp 161 162 Clayson 2005 p 161 Clayson 2005 p 166 Clayson 2005 pp 166 168 Clayson 2005 pp 175 176 Gould 2007 p 510 Harry 2000 pp 705 706 Harry 2000 pp 108 109 Everett 2001 pp 206 207 Don t Pass Me By Harry 2004 p 187 Don t Pass Me By Gould 2007 pp 463 468 Clayson 2005 p 171 secondary source The Beatles 2000 p 284 primary source Lewisohn 1992 pp 283 304 a b Clayson 2005 pp 182 184 Clayson 2005 pp 183 184 Harry 2004 pp 259 260 Everett 2001 pp 254 255 Octopus s Garden Harry 2004 pp 259 260 Octopus s Garden Lewisohn 1992 pp 295 296 The Beatles 2000 p 312 Clayson 2005 pp 189 192 Lewisohn 1992 p 331 Norman 2008 pp 622 624 Lewisohn 1992 pp 341 349 Doggett 2009 pp 120 22 133 Harry 2004 pp 311 312 Sentimental Journey Roberts 2005 p 479 peak UK chart position for Sentimental Journey Rodriguez 2010 pp 22 23 peak UK chart position for Sentimental Journey Harry 2004 pp 311 12 Ingham 2009 p 139 Ingham 2009 pp 139 40 Spizer 2005 pp 34 222 254 264 343 Harry 2000 pp 298 300 the Concert for Bangladesh Roberts 2005 p 479 peak UK chart position for It Don t Come Easy Whitburn 2010 p 620 peak US chart position for It Don t Come Easy Roberts 2005 p 479 Back Off Boogaloo peak UK chart position Spizer 2005 p 297 produced and co written by Harrison Whitburn 2010 p 620 peak US chart positions for Back Off Boogaloo Harry 2004 pp 91 93 Harry 2002 p 933 You re Sixteen Harry 2004 pp 268 Photograph Harry 2004 pp 372 You re Sixteen Roberts 2005 p 479 peak UK chart position for Photograph and You re Sixteen Whitburn 2010 p 620 peak US chart positions for Photograph and You re Sixteen Harry 2004 p 372 Harry 2004 pp 281 282 Harry 2004 pp 260 Oh My My Roberts 2005 p 479 peak UK chart positions for Oh My My and Ringo Harry 2004 p 280 peak US chart position for Ringo Doggett 2009 pp 207 08 Harry 2004 pp 206 207 Goodnight Vienna Roberts 2005 p 479 peak UK chart position for Goodnight Vienna Harry 2004 pp 206 207 Goodnight Vienna Harry 2004 pp 262 Only You Harry 2004 p 257 Roberts 2005 p 479 peak UK chart position for Goodnight Vienna Only You and No No Song Madinger amp Easter 2000 p 508 a b Harry 2004 pp 180 181 Harry 2004 pp 279 280 Harry 2004 pp 87 88 Harry 2004 p 280 a b c Harry 2004 p 295 Doggett 2009 p 237 Rodriguez 2010 p 196 a b Michael Seth Starr 1 September 2016 Ringo With a Little Help Backbeat p 207 ISBN 978 1 61713 632 0 Middle East Economic Digest Economic East Economic Digest Limited 1982 p 42 Shipton Alyn 8 August 2013 Nilsson The Life of a Singer Songwriter OUP USA p 146 ISBN 978 0 19 975657 5 Willetts Paul 4 April 2013 The Look of Love The Life and Times of Paul Raymond Soho s King of Clubs Profile Books p 303 ISBN 978 1 84765 994 1 Madinger amp Easter 2000 p 510 Clayson 2005 p 264 Clayson 2005 p 269 Starr promoted the release heavily Roberts 2005 p 479 peak UK chart positions for A Dose of Rock n Roll Hey Baby and Ringo s Rotogravure Rodriguez 2010 p 186 Harry 2004 pp 294 295 Harry 2004 pp 294 295 peak US chart position for Ringo the 4th Roberts 2005 p 479 Ringo the 4th failed to chart in the UK Harry 2004 pp 14 15 peak US chart position for Bad Boy Roberts 2005 p 479 Bad Boy failed to chart in the UK The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia Bill Harry a b c Ringo Starr Biography After The Beatles web2 airmail net John Lennon and Ringo Starr in the 1980s A Timeline 16 August 2016 Doggett 2009 p 273 George Warren 2001 p 414 Harry 2003 pp 17 18 Roberts 2005 p 227 peak UK chart position for All Those Years Ago Whitburn 2010 p 288 peak US chart position for All Those Years Ago a b Harry 2004 pp 326 327 Harry 2004 p 369 peak US chart position for Wrack My Brain Roberts 2005 p 479 Wrack My Brain failed to chart in the UK Clayson 2005 p 301 Madinger amp Easter 2000 p 263 Badman 2001 pp 280 300 Madinger amp Easter 2000 pp 270 277 Madinger amp Easter 2000 p 522 Doggett 2009 p 283 Madinger amp Easter 2000 pp 525 26 Harry 2004 p 322 Harry 2004 p 314 Harry 2004 p 328 Badman 2001 pp 359 60 Doggett 2009 p 292 Madinger amp Easter 2000 pp 470 71 Harry 2003 pp 304 305 Badman 2001 p 402 Harry 2004 p 135 Doggett 2009 pp 297 98 Clayson 2005 p 24 Clayson 2005 pp 337 41 Harry 2004 p 136 Doggett 2009 p 298 a b Harry 2004 p 7 Clayson 2005 p 345 a b Erlewine Stephen Thomas Liverpool 8 Ringo Starr AllMusic Retrieved 15 January 2016 Madinger amp Easter 2000 pp 648 49 Erlewine Stephen Thomas Ringo Starr Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Live at the Greek Theatre 2008 AllMusic Retrieved 20 January 2016 Harry 2004 p 226 Harry 2004 pp 315 316 Brush with Greatness 178 Curly Sue and You Never Know Harry 2004 pp 334 337 Madinger amp Easter 2000 pp 534 35 Ringo Starr Official Charts Company Retrieved 14 January 2016 Everett 1999 p 286 Harry 2000 p 428 Everett 1999 pp 287 292 Doggett 2009 p 319 Harrison refusing to record a third song Roberts 2005 p 54 release date for Real Love Harry 2004 p 236 Little Willow 275 Really Love You Harry 2004 p 358 Madinger amp Easter 2000 p 568 Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame Archived from the original on 17 November 2009 Harry 2003 pp 138 139 Hot Product Rama Lama Ding Dong Billboard 24 March 2003 Retrieved 14 January 2016 Ringo Starr Forms New Label Tourdates co uk Archived from the original on 7 August 2011 Retrieved 14 August 2011 Harry 2004 p 241 Phillips Michael 2 December 2003 Starr helps NORAD track Santa Press release US Air Force Erlewine Stephen Thomas Choose Love Ringo Starr AllMusic Retrieved 14 January 2016 Jackson 2012 p 261 Ringo birthplace to be bulldozed BBC News 9 September 2005 Retrieved 12 May 2013 Clover Charles 19 September 2005 Ringo Starr s old house to be taken down and stored as 11 streets are demolished The Daily Telegraph London Retrieved 23 January 2008 Jackson 2012 p 269 Jackson 2012 pp 269 70 Doggett 2009 pp 334 35 Ringo Starr to stop signing autographs RingoStarr com Archived from the original on 30 October 2008 Retrieved 14 October 2008 Scheck Frank 5 April 2009 Concert Review Change Begins Within The Hollywood Reporter Archived from the original on 9 April 2009 Retrieved 23 June 2009 Terdiman Daniel 4 June 2009 How Beatles Rock Band came together CNET Archived from the original on 24 December 2013 Retrieved 26 August 2009 Kreps Daniel 19 November 2009 Ringo Starr Recruits Paul McCartney for New Album Y Not Rolling Stone Archived from the original on 16 January 2013 Retrieved 21 July 2013 Oldenburg Ann 22 January 2010 George Clooney explains Hope for Haiti celebrity phone bank USA Today Retrieved 22 January 2010 Cashmere Paul 10 July 2010 Ringo Starr Turns 70 with a Little Help From His Friends undercover com Archived from the original on 12 May 2013 Retrieved 11 July 2010 Year Long Celebration of Holly s Music and Legacy Continues Songmasters Archived from the original on 12 August 2013 Retrieved 4 August 2013 Ringo Starr amp His All Starr Band To Tour The Pacific Rim in 2013 RingoStarr com 17 October 2012 Archived from the original on 24 December 2012 Retrieved 26 December 2012 Beatles Paul McCartney and Ringo reunite on stage The Daily Telegraph 27 January 2014 Retrieved 29 January 2014 Faure Tiffany Make Ringo Starr s Birthday Wish Come True Post a Peace Sign Selfie For a Good Cause Retrieved 1 August 2014 This charity fund which is in support of the David Lynch Foundation teaches Transcendental Meditation and other stress reducing techniques to at risk populations suffering from chronic stress and stress related disorders that fuel crime violence and costly medical expenditures Tran Khanh T L 7 July 2014 John Varvatos Throws Ringo Starr a Birthday Bash Women s Wear Daily Retrieved 1 August 2014 Browne Amy 3 September 2014 Former Beatle Ringo Starr amongst winners at GQ awards Liverpool Echo Retrieved 4 September 2014 Shanahan Rob 9 April 2015 Ringo s still smiling after five decades of rock amp roll life Rolling Stone No 1232 Winograd Jeremy 28 March 2015 Ringo Starr Postcards from Paradise Slant Magazine Ringo Starr to kick off 2016 tour at Lakeview Amphitheater in Syracuse syracuse com 25 January 2016 Kreps Daniel 7 July 2017 Ringo Starr Announces All Star New LP Give More Love Rolling Stone Retrieved 9 July 2017 Marinucci Steve 7 July 2017 Ringo Starr Reveals New Album Details Celebrates 77th Birthday With David Lynch Joe Walsh Jenny Lewis Variety Retrieved 9 July 2017 Ringo Starr Announces New Album What s My Name amp Shares Single JamBase How to Watch Ringo Starr s Big Birthday Show Featuring Paul McCartney Gary Clark Jr amp More Billboard 7 July 2020 bestclassicbands com gt Ringo Starr s Great New Song Featuring Paul McCartney Watch by Best Classic Bands Staff Light Alan 16 March 2021 Ringo Starr Can t Bring Himself to Practice Alone Esquire Retrieved 7 June 2022 Womack Kenneth 24 September 2021 Ringo Starr s mission to Change the World Salon Blistein Josh 7 February 2022 Ringo Starr and His All Starr Band Finally Set to Return to the Road This Spring Rolling Stone Retrieved 28 April 2022 Peters Mitchell 11 June 2022 Ringo Starr Postpones Summer Tour Dates After All Starr Band Members Test Positive for COVID 19 Billboard Thania Garcia 2 October 2022 Ringo Starr Cancels Concert Due to Illness Variety Ringo Starr gigs cancelled as former Beatle gets Covid RTE 3 October 2022 Ringo Starr cancels North American tour after catching Covid BBC News 3 October 2022 Retrieved 4 October 2022 Spitz 2005 pp 343 344 The Beatles 2000 p 36 influenced by country artists primary source Clayson 2005 p 20 influenced by country artists secondary source Everett 2001 p 119 influenced by country artists secondary source Spitz 2005 pp 343 344 influenced by jazz drummers Chico Hamilton a b Clayson 2005 p 42 The Beatles 2000 p 36 primary source Clayson 2005 p 40 secondary source Clayson 2005 p 20 Clayson 2005 p 76 Clayson 2005 p 113 a b Harry 2004 p 44 Rolling Stone Readers Pick Best Drummers of All Time Rolling Stone 8 February 2011 Retrieved 30 December 2012 Clayson 2005 p 348 Madinger amp Easter 2000 p 499 a b Rodriguez 2010 p 79 Eder Bruce Jim Keltner AllMusic Retrieved 16 January 2016 Battistoni Marielle Ringo Starr guards Beatles legacy with new album Liverpool 8 The Dartmouth Archived from the original on 8 August 2014 Retrieved 13 July 2012 The South Bank Show The Making of Sgt Pepper 1992 HITMEN 1986 Part Two Hitmen 1986 reprinted at Collins s website in 2009 archived copy at archive org Who really said Ringo wasn t the best drummer in the Beatles and it wasn t John Lennon The Poke September 2018 Lewis Randy 2 December 2013 The best Beatles story of all It may belong to Ringo Starr Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved 8 August 2018 Sheff David 1981 Golson G Barry ed All We Are Saying The Last Major Interview with John Lennon and Yoko Ono 2000 ed St Martin s Griffin p 167 ISBN 978 0 312 25464 3 Shaar Murray Charles 2002 Magical Mystery Tour All Aboard the Magic Bus Mojo Special Limited Edition 1000 Days That Shook the World The Psychedelic Beatles 1 April 1965 to 26 December 1967 London Emap p 131 Lewisohn 1988 p 95 Micallef Ken Marshall Donnie 2007 Classic Rock Drummers Backbeat Books p 95 ISBN 978 0 87930 907 7 Aniftos Rania 22 November 2021 Ringo Starr Launches New MasterClass Course on Drumming amp Creative Collaboration Billboard Turner Steve 1999 Sgt Pepper s Lonely hearts Club Band In Hodge Nicola ed A Hard Day s Write The Stories Behind Every Beatles Song 9 ed HarperCollins p 122 ISBN 0 06 273698 1 Everett 1999 pp 252 Maxwell s Silver Hammer 268 Carry That Weight Everett 1999 p 206 Don t Pass Me By 254 255 Octopus s Garden Harry 2004 p 221 I Wanna Be Your Man 94 Boys 5 Act Naturally Harry 2000 pp 458 Good Night 528 Honey Don t Harry 2004 p 3 Miles 1997 p 164 Turner Steve 1999 Revolver In Hodge Nicola ed A Hard Day s Write The Stories Behind Every Beatles Song 9 ed HarperCollins p 105 ISBN 0 06 273698 1 Rodriguez 2010 pp 260 61 Yorke Ritchie 26 September 1969 George Harrison Talks About the Beatles Album Abbey Road Detroit Free Press Available at Rock s Backpages subscription required Womack 2007 p 204 Flying 120 121 What Goes On Harry 2000 p 339 Unterberger 2006 pp 134 12 Bar Original 181 Jessie s Dream 185 186 Christmas Time Is Here Again 215 Los Paranoias 236 Taking a Trip to Carolina 244 Suzy Parker a b Ruttenberg Jay 24 July 2003 R I N G O Time Out New York Archived from the original on 31 December 2014 Retrieved 2 September 2020 Rodriguez 2010 p 261 a b Clayson 2005 pp 244 45 Clayson 2005 pp 279 288 Wedding Bells for Ringo The Ottawa Journal 11 February 1965 p 1 Retrieved 22 January 2021 via Newspapers com Clayson 2005 p 141 Gould 2007 p 263 Clayson 2005 p 142 Harry 2004 pp 322 325 Norman 2008 p 615 Clayson 2005 pp 256 258 Gould 2007 p 604 Clayson 2005 p 362 Clayson 2005 pp 291 292 304 Celebrity wedding venue popular with Sir Paul McCartney and Liam Gallagher reopens after 60m renovation Evening Standard 9 October 2017 Retrieved 16 May 2020 Zak Starkey s Biography Kathy s Zak Starkey Site Retrieved 8 April 2009 Clayson 2005 p 281 Clayson 2005 pp 374 375 Wawzenek Bryan 2 December 2014 Beatles Children Where Are They Now Ultimate Classic Rock Ringo Starr Is The First Great Grandfather Beatle noise11 com 16 August 2016 Retrieved 16 August 2016 Harry 2004 p 162 Coxon Ian 8 May 2011 Sunday Times Rich List 2011 The Sunday Times Archived from the original on 14 March 2012 Retrieved 21 May 2011 subscription required Breihan Tom 28 August 2012 The 30 Richest Drummers in the World Stereogum Retrieved 30 May 2014 Law Cally Ringo Starr s Surrey estate for sale The Sunday Times Archived from the original on 9 February 2015 Retrieved 27 September 2014 Strudwick Matt 26 September 2014 It was expected to sell for about 2m Getsurrey co uk Retrieved 7 July 2015 Ringo Starr selling 20 million pounds estate The Economic Times India Press Trust of India 23 September 2014 Retrieved 7 July 2015 a b Property from the Collection of Ringo Starr and Barbara Bach Julien s Auctions November 2015 Archived from the original on 13 January 2016 Retrieved 19 January 2016 Van Buskirk Leslie 25 November 2015 Ringo Starr auctioning first pressing of White Album other Beatles memorabilia in Beverly Hills Los Angeles Times Retrieved 19 January 2016 Walker Brian 7 December 2015 Beatlemania Ringo Starr auction nets record prices CNN Retrieved 19 January 2016 Ringo Starr s Beatles drum kit sells for 2 2m at auction The Guardian Associated Press 5 December 2015 Retrieved 19 January 2016 Ruby Jennifer Ringo Starr reveals he voted for Brexit I didn t see the European Union going anywhere The Weekly Standard Retrieved 13 February 2017 Gibsone Harriet 14 September 2017 Ringo Starr wants people of Britain to get on with Brexit The Guardian Retrieved 26 December 2017 Roxborough Scott 4 October 2021 Elton John Shakira Named in Pandora Papers as U K and Australia Call for Review of Leaked Tax Shelter Documents The Hollywood Reporter Retrieved 4 October 2021 a b Mclean Craig 9 October 2015 Ringo Starr s photos of The Beatles The band s best photographer on his new memoir The Independent London Archived from the original on 11 October 2015 Retrieved 2 September 2018 Chagollan Steve 28 January 2014 Ringo Starr Talks Paul Meditation and Why He Loves L A Variety Archived from the original on 12 July 2018 Retrieved 2 September 2018 No 43667 The London Gazette Supplement 4 June 1965 p 5489 Harry 2000 pp 734 735 Spitz 2005 p 556 Morton Ray 2011 A Hard Day s Night Music on Film Series Limelight p 116 ISBN 978 0 87910 415 3 Southall amp Perry 2006 p 96 4150 Starr Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Ingham 2009 p 143 Greene Andy 16 December 2014 Green Day Lou Reed Joan Jett Ringo Starr Lead 2015 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Rolling Stone Retrieved 16 December 2014 Ringo Nailed It Read Paul s Full Rock Hall Speech Rolling Stone 19 April 2015 Retrieved 2 January 2021 The Official Hollywood Walk of Fame Star Finder Hollywood Chamber of Commerce Retrieved 13 August 2013 No 62150 The London Gazette Supplement 30 December 2017 p N2 Savage Mark 20 March 2018 Ringo Starr receives knighthood I ll wear it at breakfast BBC News Retrieved 20 March 2018 Honors Ringo Starr Lalah Hathaway James Newton Howard and Chuck Rainey at Commencement website of Berklee College of Music Ringo Starr given honorary degree from Berklee College of Music in Boston website of CBS News Clayson 2005 pp 125 145 Harry 2004 pp 99 100 Candy 244 245 The Magic Christian 88 89 Blindman 316 317 Son of Dracula 106 108 Caveman Harry 2004 p 268 The Point 373 200 Motels Harry 2004 pp 235 The Last Waltz 331 That ll Be the Day Harry 2004 pp 206 Give My Regards to Broad Street 236 Lisztomania Harry 2004 pp 281 282 The Prince and the Pauper Wilkerson Mark Townshend Pete 2006 Amazing Journey The Life of Pete Townshend Bad News Press p 611 ISBN 978 1 4116 7700 5 Dolan Jon 31 January 2012 Ringo Starr Ringo 2012 Rolling Stone Sources Babiuk Andy 2002 Bacon Tony ed Beatles Gear All the Fab Four s Instruments from Stage to Studio Revised ed Backbeat Books ISBN 978 0 87930 731 8 Badman Keith 2001 The Beatles Diary Volume 2 After the Break Up 1970 2001 London Omnibus Press ISBN 978 0 7119 8307 6 Clayson Alan 2005 2001 Ringo Starr A Life 2nd ed Sanctuary ISBN 978 1 86074 647 5 Davies Hunter 2009 1968 The Beatles The Authorized Biography 3rd revised ed W W Norton amp Company ISBN 978 0 393 33874 4 Doggett Peter 2009 You Never Give Me Your Money The Beatles After the Breakup HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 06 177418 8 Everett Walter 1999 The Beatles as Musicians Revolver through the Anthology Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 512941 0 Everett Walter 2001 The Beatles as Musicians The Quarry Men Through Rubber Soul Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 514105 4 George Warren Holly ed 2001 The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock amp Roll 2005 revised and updated ed Fireside ISBN 978 0 7432 9201 6 Gould Jonathan 2007 Can t Buy Me Love The Beatles Britain and America First Paperback ed Three Rivers Press ISBN 978 0 307 35338 2 Harry Bill 2000 The Beatles Encyclopedia Revised and Updated Virgin Books ISBN 978 0 7535 0481 9 Harry Bill 2003 The George Harrison Encyclopedia Virgin Books ISBN 978 0 7535 0822 0 Harry Bill 2002 The Paul McCartney Encyclopedia Virgin Books ISBN 978 0 7535 0716 2 Harry Bill 2004 The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia Virgin Books ISBN 0 7535 0843 5 Ingham Chris 2009 The Rough Guide to The Beatles 3rd ed Rough Guides ISBN 978 1 84836 525 4 Jackson Andrew Grant 2012 Still the Greatest The Essential Solo Beatles Songs Lanham MD Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 8222 5 Lewisohn Mark 1988 The Beatles Recording Sessions Harmony Books ISBN 978 0 517 57066 1 Lewisohn Mark 1992 The Complete Beatles Chronicle The Definitive Day By Day Guide to the Beatles Entire Career 2010 ed Chicago Review Press ISBN 978 1 56976 534 0 Lewisohn Mark 2013 The Beatles All These Years Volume One Tune In New York Three Rivers Press ISBN 978 1 101 90329 2 Madinger Chip Easter Mark 2000 Eight Arms to Hold You The Solo Beatles Compendium Chesterfield MO 44 1 Productions LP ISBN 0 615 11724 4 Miles Barry 1997 Paul McCartney Many Years From Now 1st Hardcover ed Henry Holt amp Company ISBN 978 0 8050 5248 0 Norman Philip 2008 John Lennon The Life ECCO Harper Collins ISBN 978 0 06 075401 3 Roberts David ed 2005 British Hit Singles amp Albums 18th ed Guinness World Records Limited ISBN 978 1 904994 00 8 Rodriguez Robert 2010 Fab Four FAQ 2 0 The Beatles Solo Years 1970 1980 Milwaukee WI Backbeat Books ISBN 978 1 4165 9093 4 Southall Brian Perry Rupert 2006 Northern Songs The True Story of the Beatles Song Publishing Empire Omnibus ISBN 978 1 84609 237 4 Spitz Bob 2005 The Beatles The Biography Little Brown and Company ISBN 978 0 316 80352 6 Spizer Bruce 2005 The Beatles Solo on Apple Records New Orleans LA 498 Productions ISBN 0 9662649 5 9 Starr Michael Seth 2015 Ringo With a Little Help Milwaukee WI Backbeat Books ISBN 978 1 61713 120 2 The Beatles 2000 The Beatles Anthology Weidenfeld amp Nicolson ISBN 978 0 304 35605 8 The Beatles 2000 The Beatles Anthology San Francisco CA Chronicle Books ISBN 0 8118 2684 8 Unterberger Richie 2006 The Unreleased Beatles Music amp Film Backbeat Books ISBN 978 0 87930 892 6 Whitburn Joel 2010 The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits Billboard Books 9th ed ISBN 978 0 8230 8554 5 Womack Kenneth 2007 Long and Winding Roads The Evolving Artistry of the Beatles Continuum ISBN 978 0 8264 1746 6 Further readingBarrow Tony 2005 John Paul George Ringo amp Me The Real Beatles Story Thunder s Mouth ISBN 978 1 56025 882 7 Kirchherr Astrid Voormann Klaus 1999 Hamburg Days Genesis Publications ISBN 978 0 904351 73 6 Martin George 1979 All You Need Is Ears St Martin s Press ISBN 978 0 312 11482 4 Martin George Pearson William 1994 Summer of Love The Making of Sgt Pepper Macmillan ISBN 978 0 333 60398 7 Starr Ringo 2004 Postcards From the Boys Chronicle Books ISBN 978 0 8118 4613 4 External links Wikiquote has quotations related to Ringo Starr Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ringo Starr Official website Starr and His All Starr Band Ringo Starr s Drummerworld profile Ringo Starr at IMDb Ringo Starr at the TCM Movie Database Ringo Starr in the Hollywood Walk of Fame Directory Ringo Starr at AllMovie Ringo Starr at AllMusic Ringo Starr Artwork The art of Ringo Starr Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ringo Starr amp oldid 1152021128, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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