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Coronation of Charles III and Camilla

January 01, 1970

The coronation of Charles III and his wife, Camilla, as king and queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms, took place on Saturday, 6 May 2023 at Westminster Abbey. Charles acceded to the throne on 8 September 2022 upon the death of his mother, Elizabeth II. It was the first coronation held since Elizabeth II’s coronation in 1953 nearly 70 years prior.

Coronation of Charles III and Camilla
The King and Queen waving from the balcony of Buckingham Palace following the coronation service
Date6 May 2023 (2023-05-06)
LocationWestminster Abbey
Participants

The ceremony was structured around an Anglican service of Holy Communion. It included Charles taking an oath, being anointed with holy oil, and receiving the coronation regalia, emphasising his spiritual role and secular responsibilities.[a] Representatives of the Church of England and the British royal family declared their allegiance to him, and people throughout the Commonwealth realms were invited to do so. Camilla was crowned in a shorter and simpler ceremony. After the service, members of the royal family travelled to Buckingham Palace in a state procession and appeared on the palace's rear and front balconies. The service was altered from past British coronations to represent the multiple faiths, cultures, and communities of the United Kingdom. It was shorter than Elizabeth II's coronation, and had a peak UK television audience of 20.4 million, making it the most watched television broadcast of 2023.

The coronation elicited both celebrations and protest in the United Kingdom, with surveys carried out before the event suggesting that the British public was ambivalent towards the ceremony and its funding by taxpayers. The events in London and Windsor drew large crowds, but were also protested against by republican groups; 64 individuals were arrested on the day, which was criticised by the international advocacy group Human Rights Watch. The celebrations included street parties, volunteering, special commemorative church services, and a concert at Windsor Castle on 7 May. The response in the other Commonwealth realms was similarly mixed; while there were many celebrations, some government officials and indigenous groups took the opportunity to voice republican sentiments and call for reparatory justice. It was the first British coronation in the 21st century and the 40th to be held at Westminster Abbey since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066.[b]

Preparation edit

Background edit

Charles III became king immediately upon the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II, at 15:10 BST on 8 September 2022. He was proclaimed king by the Accession Council on 10 September,[2] which was followed by proclamations in other Commonwealth realms.[3] Charles's wife Camilla became queen consort.[4] During Elizabeth II's reign, planning meetings for Charles's coronation, code-named Operation Golden Orb, were held at least once a year, attended by representatives of the UK government, the Church of England, and Charles's staff.[5][6][7]

Service and procession edit

The organisation of the coronation was the responsibility of the Earl Marshal, the Duke of Norfolk.[8] A committee of privy counsellors arranged the event.[9][7] In October 2022, the date of the coronation was announced as 6 May 2023, a choice made to ensure sufficient time to mourn the death of Elizabeth II before holding the ceremony.[10][7]

A Coronation Claims Office was established within the Cabinet Office to handle claims to perform a historic or ceremonial role at the coronation, replacing the Court of Claims.[11] The posts of Lord High Steward and Lord High Constable of England, which are now only named for coronations, were given to General Sir Gordon Messenger and Admiral Sir Tony Radakin, respectively.[12]

The holy anointing oil used in the service was consecrated at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on 6 March 2023 by Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem, under the supervision of Hosam Naoum, the Anglican archbishop of Jerusalem. It was based on the same formula as the oil used in the coronation of Elizabeth II, but without animal products such as civet.[13][14][15]

 
Members of the British Armed Forces conduct a rehearsal on 2 May

Military dress rehearsals took place on 17, 18, and 19 April.[16][17] The King and Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales and their children, and the Princess Royal, attended coronation rehearsals at Westminster Abbey on 3 May.[18]

Westminster Abbey was closed to tourists and worshippers from 25 April for preparations, and did not re-open until 8 May.[19] As at previous coronations, many attendees had an obscured view, as the abbey's nave was filled to capacity. However, on this occasion some television screens were installed in the nave to mitigate this.[20]

Guests edit

Main article: List of guests at the coronation of Charles III and Camilla
 
  Countries that sent representatives

The coronation was a state event funded by the British government, which also decided the guest list.[21] Approximately 2,200 guests from 203 countries were invited.[22] They included members of the British royal family, representatives from the Church of England and other British faith communities, prominent politicians from the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, and foreign heads of state.[23]

The number of British political attendees was reduced significantly from 1953, when virtually the entire Parliament of the United Kingdom attended.[24] Invitations were extended to 850 community and charity representatives, including 450 British Empire Medal recipients and 400 young persons, half of whom were nominated by the government.[25] Following a tradition dating from 1189, fourteen barons of the Cinque Ports were also invited.[26] Safety regulations at Westminster Abbey restricted the number of guests, as in contrast to earlier coronations no temporary stands were erected in the building.[27]

 
Charles meeting with foreign dignitaries at a reception in the Picture Gallery of Buckingham Palace on 5 May

In addition to the coronation, several dignitaries invited to the event also attended related gatherings hosted by Charles on 5 May in London. Several receptions were hosted by Charles on that day, including one for dignitaries from the Commonwealth realms at Buckingham Palace, and another reception at Marlborough House for all the leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations.[28][29] In the evening, the King hosted a reception for foreign royalty and other overseas dignitaries at Buckingham Palace,[30] and family members and guests also attended a reception at Oswald's.[31]

Vestments and crowns edit

In a break with tradition, Charles's coronation vestments (ceremonial clothes) were largely reused from previous coronations instead of being newly made.[32][33] While it is customary for the supertunica and robe royal to be reused, Charles also wore vestments first used by George IV, George V, George VI, and Elizabeth II. Camilla similarly reused vestments, including Elizabeth II's robe of state, but also wore a new robe of estate featuring her cypher, bees, a beetle, and various plants and flowers.[33] She also wore a new coronation gown, created by Bruce Oldfield and embroidered with wildflowers, the United Kingdom's floral emblems, her cypher, a pair of dogs, and her grandchildren's names.[34][35]

St Edward's Crown, which was used to crown the King, was removed from the Tower of London in December 2022 for resizing.[36][21] In February 2023 Queen Mary's Crown, which was used to crown the Queen, was also removed from display to be reset with Cullinan III, IV and V and for four of its eight detachable arches to be removed.[37] The Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was not used, to avoid a potential diplomatic dispute with India; the crown contains the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which is claimed by India.[38]

The dress code for peers without a role in the ceremony was originally lounge suits or parliamentary robes, rather than the coronets, coronation robes, and court dress traditionally worn.[39][20] This was changed in the week before the coronation after protests, with peers allowed to wear coronation robes but not coronets.[40] The general dress code for men was morning dress, a lounge suit or national dress.[41]

Art edit

 
Invitation to the coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla

The official photographer of the coronation was Hugo Burnand, who had previously been the official photographer for Charles and Camilla's wedding in 2005.[42] Eileen Hogan was selected to paint the coronation ceremony, and Peter Kuhfeld and Paul Benney to paint the coronation portraits of Charles and Camilla respectively.[43] Three alumni of The Royal Drawing School, Fraser Scarfe, Phoebe Stannard and Gideon Summerfield, were picked to document the procession.[44]

 
The United Kingdom coronation emblem

Andrew Jamieson was commissioned to create the coronation invitation, which featured the couple's coats of arms, the floral emblems of the United Kingdom, and a Green Man amid other British wildflowers and wildlife.[45][46] The coronation emblem was designed by Jony Ive with his creative collective LoveFrom, and depicts the floral emblems of the United Kingdom in the shape of St Edward's Crown.[47][48] There are versions of the emblem in both English and Welsh.[49]

The procession into the abbey was led by the Cross of Wales, a new processional cross commissioned by Charles to mark the centenary of the Church in Wales. It includes relics of the True Cross gifted to the King by Pope Francis.[50] The screen which concealed the King during his anointing was designed by iconographer Aidan Hart and embroidered by the Royal School of Needlework. It includes 56 leaves embroidered with the names of the members of the Commonwealth of Nations.[51][52]

The Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, Simon Armitage, released a new poem, An Unexpected Guest, to mark the coronation. The poem follows a woman invited to attend the coronation in Westminster Abbey, and quotes Samuel Pepys' experience at the coronation of Charles II in 1661.[53][54][55]

In a tradition dating back to the coronation of King Edward II in 1308, the official account of the event, the Coronation Roll, was presented to the King and Queen on 3 May 2024. The roll of hand-stitched paper is 21 metres long and contains 11,500 words, crafted by calligrapher Stephanie von Werthern-Gill and illustrated by Timothy Noad. The roll will be kept with its predecessors at the The National Archives,[56] but has been digitised and is accessible online.[57]

Music edit

Twelve new pieces were commissioned for the service and used alongside older works, including several used at previous coronations.[58][59]

Six of the new commissions were performed by the orchestra before the service — those by Judith Weir; Sir Karl Jenkins; a vocal piece by Sarah Class performed by Pretty Yende; Nigel Hess, Roderick Williams, and Shirley J. Thompson; Iain Farrington; and a new march by Patrick Doyle.[60] New compositions by Roxanna Panufnik, Tarik O'Regan, and Andrew Lloyd Webber were part of the service, and Debbie Wiseman composed two related pieces, one of which was performed by the Ascension Choir.[60][61]

Existing works by William Byrd, George Frideric Handel, William Boyce, Edward Elgar, Walford Davies, William Walton, Hubert Parry, and Ralph Vaughan Williams were included, as they had been at previous coronations.[61] Six pieces were performed in new arrangements by John Rutter.[62]

In tribute to the King's 64-year tenure as Prince of Wales the Kyrie was set in Welsh by Paul Mealor and was sung by Sir Bryn Terfel.[60] Psalm 71 was chanted to in Greek by a Byzantine choir, which was included in the service in tribute to the King's father, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, who was born a prince of Greece.[63]

The director of music for the coronation was Andrew Nethsingha, the organist and master of the choristers at the abbey.[61] Before the service John Eliot Gardiner conducted the Monteverdi Choir and English Baroque Soloists.[58][61] The main choir was a combination of the choirs of Westminster Abbey, the Chapel Royal, the octet from the Monteverdi Choir, Methodist College Belfast Girls' Choir and Truro Cathedral Girls' Choir.[61][60][64] The orchestra players were drawn from the Philharmonia Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Regina Symphony Orchestra, English Chamber Orchestra, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, Royal Opera House Orchestra and Welsh National Opera Orchestra, which are all patronised by Charles.[61][60] The orchestra, situated in the organ loft,[65] was conducted by Antonio Pappano and led by Vasko Vasilev.[60] The State Trumpeters of the Household Cavalry and the Fanfare Trumpeters of the Royal Air Force played the fanfares.[61]

 
Percussionists of the Mounted Band of the Household Cavalry during the procession to Buckingham Palace

All eight of the massed bands in the coronation procession played the same music, keeping time with each other with the help of a radio broadcast click track – the first time such technology has been used on such a large-scale ceremonial event; previously bands would march to different pieces of music starting at different times. The tempo set was 108 beats per minute, slowed down from the regulation 116 beats per minute because of the size of the bands.[66]

An official coronation album, which includes all music and spoken word from the pre-service and service was recorded and released by Decca Records after the ceremony.[67]

Cost edit

As a state event, the event was paid for by the British government as well as Buckingham Palace through the Sovereign Grant and Privy Purse. The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport stated that it was "unable to give costs, or a breakdown of funding" until after the coronation, but unofficial estimates of £50 million to £250 million have been reported.[82][83][84][85]

The cost of the coronation was criticised by the campaign group Republic and the Scottish National Party MP Ronnie Cowan in light of the ongoing cost-of-living crisis in the United Kingdom. In comparison, Elizabeth II's coronation cost £912,000 in 1953, equating to £20.5m in May 2023, while George VI's cost £454,000 in 1937, equating to £24.8m in May 2023. George VI's coronation prior to the coronation of Charles III and Camilla was the most expensive in the last 300 years.[86] The elevated expenses for Charles and Camilla's coronation has been partly attributed to the increased cost for security measures.[87][88]

Coronation service edit

 
Coronation Order of Service

The events of the coronation day included a procession from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Abbey, the coronation service itself, a procession back to Buckingham Palace, and an appearance by the King and Queen, with other members of the royal family, on the palace balcony for a flypast by the Royal Air Force.[89]

 
Spectators camping in the public viewing area along the procession route a day before the coronation

The coronation was conducted by the Church of England and contained several distinct elements, which were structured around a service of Holy Communion.[90] Charles and Camilla first proceeded into the abbey, then Charles was presented to the people and recognised as monarch. After this Charles took an oath stating that he will uphold the law and maintain the Church of England. He then was anointed with holy oil, invested with the coronation regalia, and crowned with St Edward's Crown. After this he was enthroned and received homage from Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury, and William, Prince of Wales, and the people were invited to swear allegiance. Camilla then was anointed, crowned, and enthroned. The King and Queen ended the service by taking Holy Communion, and processed out of the abbey.[91]

Several public viewing spots of the procession were prepared.[92] Tens of thousands of people from the UK and the rest of the world were estimated to have lined the procession route.[93] Despite the forecast for rain, spectators started camping along the procession route days before the event.[94] On the morning of the event, authorities announced the procession route had reached capacity at 8:29.[95]

Procession to the abbey edit

 
The Diamond Jubilee State Coach carrying Charles and Camilla to Westminster Abbey

On the day of the coronation Charles and Camilla travelled to Westminster Abbey in procession.[96][97] They departed Buckingham Palace at 10:20 BST and went along The Mall, down Whitehall and along Parliament Street, and around the east and south sides of Parliament Square before reaching the Great West Door of Westminster Abbey, a distance of 1.42 miles (2.29 km).[96][98] Charles and Camilla used the Diamond Jubilee State Coach, drawn by six Windsor Greys, and were accompanied by the Sovereign's Escort of the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment.[96][99]

Procession into the abbey edit

 
Flag bearers and leaders from the Commonwealth realms prior to their procession into the abbey

The procession into the abbey was led by leaders and representatives from non-Christian religions, including the Baháʼí, Buddhist, Hindu, Jain, Jewish, Shia and Sunni Muslim, Sikh, and Zoroastrian communities.[12][100] They were followed by leaders from different Christian denominations, including the Church of England. After this the flags of the Commonwealth realms were carried by representatives, accompanied by their governors general and prime ministers. The choir followed.[12][100][98]

Charles and Camilla arrived shortly before 11:00 and formed their own procession. It was led by four peers[c] carrying heraldic standards displaying the arms of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales,[12][100] followed by the King's Champion, Francis Dymoke, carrying the Royal Standard.[12] The Lord High Constable of England and the Earl Marshal also took part.[12] Charles and Camilla were each attended by four pages of honour, including Prince George of Wales and Camilla's grandsons.[d][101] Camilla was also accompanied by two ladies in attendance: Annabel Elliot, her sister, and the Marchioness of Lansdowne.[102] Unexpectedly the Prince and Princess of Wales and their two younger children arrived at the Abbey after the King, "whose horses went a lot faster than they had in the practice", and joined the procession after the King and Queen.[103][104] The choir sang Hubert Parry's "I was glad", during which the King's Scholars of Westminster School sang "Vivat Regina Camilla" and "Vivat Rex Carolus" ('Long live Queen Camilla' and 'Long live King Charles').[100][105]

After this the coronation regalia was carried in procession to the altar.[12][106] At Charles's request, the sixth-century St Augustine Gospels was also carried in the procession.[107]

Bearers and presenters of regalia
Regalia Bearer Presenter Ref.
King's Regalia
St Edward's Staff The Baroness Manningham-Buller — [12]
Sword of Temporal Justice The Lord Houghton of Richmond — [12]
Sword of Spiritual Justice The Lord Richards of Herstmonceux — [12]
Sword of Mercy The Lord Peach — [12]
Sword of State The Rt Hon. Penny Mordaunt, Lord President of the Council — [12]
Sword of Offering Petty Officer Amy Taylor (arrival)
Penny Mordaunt (departure)		 Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury [108][109]
Golden Spurs The Lord Hastings and The Earl of Loudoun The Lord Carrington, Lord Great Chamberlain [12]
Armills — The Lord Kamall [12]
Stole Royal — Paul Butler, Bishop of Durham [100]
Robe Royal — The Prince of Wales and The Baroness Merron [12][100]
Sovereign's Orb Dame Elizabeth Anionwu John McDowell, Archbishop of Armagh [12]
Sovereign's Ring Brigadier Andrew Jackson, Keeper of the Jewel House The Lord Patel [12]
Coronation Glove — The Lord Singh of Wimbledon [12]
Sceptre with the Cross The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry Mark Strange, Bishop of Moray, Ross, and Caithness [12]
Sceptre with the Dove The Baroness Benjamin Andrew John, Bishop of Bangor [12]
St Edward's Crown General Sir Gordon Messenger, Lord High Steward of England Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury [12]
Queen's Regalia
Queen Consort's Ring The Lord Chartres Brigadier Andrew Jackson [12]
Queen Mary's Crown The Duke of Wellington Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury [12]
Queen Consort's Sceptre with the Cross General Sir Patrick Sanders The Lord Chartres [12]
Queen Consort's Rod with the Dove The Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws Rose Hudson-Wilkin, Bishop of Dover [12]

Recognition edit

 
The Coronation Chair, which housed the Stone of Scone, was used by Charles during the ceremony. For this coronation, the chair was fitted with a new seat cushion and armrests.

The service, conducted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, began with the King and Queen having a silent moment of prayer before seating themselves on their chairs of estate, made for the 1953 coronation.[100][110][111] In a new element of the service, the king was welcomed by one of the Children of the Chapel, to which he replied that he came "not to be served but to serve".[112] Paul Mealor's "Coronation Kyrie" was sung in Welsh by Sir Bryn Terfel. After this the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lady Elish Angiolini, Christopher Finney, and Baroness Amos stood facing east, south, west, and north and in turn asked the congregation to recognise Charles as king; the crowd replied "God save King Charles!" each time.[100][98] Charles was then presented with a new Bible by the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.[100]

Oath and accession declaration edit

The Archbishop of Canterbury acknowledged the existence of multiple faiths and beliefs in the United Kingdom.[98] Charles then took the coronation oath, in which he swore to govern each of his countries according to their respective laws and customs, to administer law and justice with mercy, and to uphold Protestantism in the United Kingdom and protect the Church of England. Subsequently, he made the statutory accession declaration.[100] Charles then signed a written form of the oath, before kneeling before the altar and saying a prayer.[100]

The service of Holy Communion then continued. The Archbishop of Canterbury delivered the collect, and the epistle and gospel were read by the prime minister, Rishi Sunak, and the bishop of London, Sarah Mullally, respectively.[100] This was followed by a sermon by the Archbishop of Canterbury.[100]

Anointing edit

Charles removed his robe of state and was seated on the Coronation Chair.[113][114] He then was anointed with holy oil by the Archbishop of Canterbury, using the ampulla and a medieval spoon, the latter the oldest part of the coronation regalia. The anointing emphasised the spiritual role of the sovereign. It was a private part of the service; as in 1953 it was not televised, and Charles was concealed by a screen. During this the choir sang the anthem Zadok the Priest.[115]

Investment and crowning edit

 
St Edward's Crown, the Orb, the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross, the Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove, and the Sovereign's Ring

In the next part of the service, Charles was presented with several items from the coronation regalia. The spurs, armills, Sword of State, and Sword of Offering were given to the King, who touched them with his hand, before they were removed again.[100] During this, Psalm 71 was chanted in Greek by an Orthodox choir in tribute of the King's father, Prince Philip, who was born a prince of Greece.[100] The King was invested with the stole royal, robe royal, and the Sovereign's Orb, and presented with the sovereign's ring, which he touched but did not wear. He was then invested with the glove, the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross, and the Sovereign's Sceptre with Dove.[100][106]

 
Gun salute by 5th Regiment Royal Artillery at Stirling Castle, at the moment Charles is crowned

The King then was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury, with the Archbishop and then the congregation chanting, "God save the King!".[100] At the moment of crowning the church bells of the abbey rang, 21-gun salutes were fired at 13 locations around the United Kingdom and on deployed Royal Navy ships, and 62-gun salutes and a six-gun salvo were fired from the Tower of London and Horse Guards Parade.[116]

Charles then received a blessing read by the Archbishop of York, the Archbishop of Thyateira and Great Britain, the Moderator of the Free Churches, the Secretary General of Churches Together in England, the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, representing the Anglican, Greek Orthodox, Nonconformist, ecumenical, and Roman Catholic traditions respectively.[100]

Enthronement and homage edit

Charles moved to the throne (originally made for George VI in 1937) and the Archbishop of Canterbury and William, Prince of Wales, offered him their fealty.[111][100] The Archbishop of Canterbury then invited the people of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms to swear allegiance to the King, the first time this has occurred.[100][117]

Coronation of the Queen edit

 
Queen Mary's Crown (here depicted in its original form) was used to crown Queen Camilla

The next part of the service concerned Camilla. She was anointed in public view, thought to be the first time this has occurred, and then presented with the Queen Consort's Ring.[100][118] The Queen then was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury using Queen Mary's Crown.[100] Camilla then was presented with the Queen Consort's Sceptre with Cross and the Queen Consort's Rod with Dove (which, unlike other queens consort, she chose not to carry), before sitting on her own throne (originally made for Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1937) beside the King.[100][106][111]

This was the first coronation of a consort since that of Charles's grandmother Queen Elizabeth in 1937.[7]

Holy Communion edit

The offertory followed, during which gifts of bread and wine were brought before the King and prayed over; the prayer was a translation from the Liber Regalis, which dates from c. 1382 and is one of the oldest sources for the English coronation service.[100] Charles and Camilla then received Holy Communion from the Archbishop of Canterbury and the congregation recited the Lord's Prayer, before a final blessing.[100]

End of the service edit

At the end of the service the King changed into the Imperial State Crown, during which the congregation sang Praise, my soul, the King of heaven.[119] Charles and Camilla then proceeded to the west door of the abbey as the national anthem, "God Save the King", was sung. At the end of the procession the King received a greeting by governors-general of the realms and representatives from the Jewish, Hindu, Sikh, Muslim, and Buddhist faiths.[100] The abbey bells rang a full peal of "Cambridge Surprise Royal".[120]

State procession to Buckingham Palace edit

The second procession followed the same route as the first, but in reverse and on a larger scale. The King and Queen were carried in the Gold State Coach, drawn by eight Windsor Grey horses, with other members of the royal family in other vehicles, including the Australian State Coach, the Irish State Coach and the Scottish State Coach.[96]

 
The King and Queen returning from Westminster Abbey to Buckingham Palace in the Gold State Coach

The armed forces of the United Kingdom, other countries of the Commonwealth, and the British Overseas Territories played a significant part. Over 5,000 members of the British Armed Forces and 400 Armed Forces personnel from at least 35 other Commonwealth countries were part of the two processions, and 1,000 lined the route.[116] The Sovereign's Bodyguard, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and Royal Watermen also took part in the procession, and the Royal British Legion formed a Guard of Honour of 100 Standard Bearers in Parliament Square.[96][121] The Princess Royal and the Commander of the Household Cavalry served as the Gold Stick-in-Waiting and Silver Stick-in-Waiting, respectively.[122]

Balcony appearances edit

At Buckingham Palace, the King and Queen stood on the rear balcony and received a royal salute and three cheers from the armed forces, who were massed in the palace garden.[123]

 
The King and Queen and other members of the royal family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace

They later joined other members of the royal family on the front balcony to review a flypast by helicopters and the Red Arrows aerobatic team.[e] A six-minute flypast of 68 aircraft was planned, but prevented by rain and low clouds.[123][f] A grandstand was built in front of Buckingham Palace from which to watch the procession and flypast, with 3,800 seats offered to Armed Forces veterans, NHS and social care workers, and representatives of charities with links to the King and Queen.[126] In addition, 354 uniformed cadet forces viewed the procession at Admiralty Arch.[126]

Public events and commemorations edit

Several Commonwealth countries held events and issued commemorative items to mark the coronation. Events, including themed parties and public viewings, were also privately organized in countries like the United States.[127]

United Kingdom edit

 
A Coronation Big Lunch held in London

In April 2023, Buckingham Palace revealed a new hashflag emoji depicting St Edward's Crown for use on Twitter.[128] The King and Queen attended a celebratory pre-coronation reception at Westminster Hall on 2 May.[129] They hosted coronation garden parties at the Buckingham Palace on 3 and 9 May, at Hillsborough Castle on 24 May and at the Palace of Holyroodhouse on 4 July.[130][131][132] On 5 May, Charles, together with the Prince and Princess of Wales, greeted crowds at The Mall during a walkabout.[28]

Between 6–8 May people in Britain held "Coronation Big Lunch" street parties.[110] More than 3,000 parties were planned, with English councils having approved the closure of 3,087 roads. Most street parties were scheduled for Sunday, 7 May.[133] Coronation quiche was chosen by Charles and Camilla as the official dish of the Coronation Big Lunch.[134] Coronation Trifle was the official pudding, it was created by Adam Handling and is made with Parkin, ginger custard and strawberry jelly.[135] Pubs also remained open until 01:00 on the coronation weekend.[136]

 
The Coronation Concert, with drones in formation overhead

Across the UK, local authorities spent over £3.8 million on events to mark the coronation.[137]

The Coronation Concert was planned for 7 May to be held on the east lawn of Windsor Castle.[110][97] In addition to performances by singers, musicians, and stage and screen actors, the show also featured a "Coronation Choir" composed of community choirs and amateur singers.[97][110][138] During the concert, landmarks, areas of natural beauty, and street parties were featured.[139] 5,000 pairs of free tickets were distributed by public ballot, and volunteers from the King and Queen's charities were also invited.[110][140] Several musical performers reportedly turned down the palace's invitation to perform citing scheduling conflicts.[141]

 
Staff from the British Embassy in Washington D.C. volunteer at the Capital Area Food Bank on 8 May as a part of the Big Help Out initiative

A public holiday was declared on 8 May to commemorate the coronation.[142] On the same day, the Together Coalition, in partnership with The Scout Association, the Royal Voluntary Service, and various faith groups, organised the Big Help Out initiative to encourage volunteering and community service.[110][97] An estimated 6 million took part in the initiative.[143] The Royal Voluntary Service, of which Camilla is president, also launched the Coronation Champions Awards, which recognised 500 volunteers nominated by the public.[144][145] The National Literacy Trust, of which Camilla is patron, announced the opening of 50 special primary school libraries to mark the coronation.[146]

The Tower of London explored the history of the Crown Jewels in a new exhibition to mark Coronation year, which opened to the public on 26 May.[147] Between 14 July and 24 September 2023, outfits worn by the King and Queen at the Coronation were on display in the Ballroom as part of the summer opening of Buckingham Palace.[148] Six pairs of Coronation Chairs are to be auctioned by Christie's and the sale will raise funds for four charities chosen by the King and Queen.[149]

The King and Queen, along with the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay, marked the coronation in Scotland by attending a national service of thanksgiving on 5 July.[150] The Honours of Scotland were collected from Edinburgh Castle and taken to St Giles' Cathedral following a "People's Procession" involving 100 people that represented aspects of Scottish life.[150] The King and Queen and the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay travelled from the Palace of Holyroodhouse to the cathedral in the "Royal Procession" along the Royal Mile.[150] Following a service of thanksgiving at the cathedral where the King was presented with the Honours, a 21-gun salute from Edinburgh Castle and a fly past by the Red Arrows took place.[150]

On his 75th birthday in November 2023, Charles launched the Coronation Food Project, an initiative aimed at tackling food poverty and insecurity by reducing food waste through redistribution.[151]

Ecclesiastical initiatives edit

Twenty-eight days prior to the coronation of Charles III and Camilla, the Church of England established a period of prayer for them, and to this end, published a Book of Daily Prayers that included "daily themes, reflections and prayers for use by individuals, churches or groups".[152][153][154]

Congregations of the Church of England held special commemorative services throughout the country on 6–7 May 2023.[155]

Government initiatives edit

 
Coronation medals issued in the United Kingdom

The government of the United Kingdom issued coronation medals to 400,000 individuals, including those involved in supporting the coronation, front line emergency and prison services workers, and members of the British Armed Forces. The medals are made of nickel silver and plated in nickel and feature an effigy of the King and Queen, on a red, white and blue ribbon.[156]

 
A crowned roundel for Green Park tube station

The Transport for London announced several initiatives. The roundels used by the London Underground, the Overground, and the Elizabeth line were redesigned to include a crown for the coronation.[157] Voice announcement were also replaced by announcements recorded by the King and Queen on 5 May, and were used on railway station and all Underground stations throughout the coronation weekend and bank holiday on Monday.[158] The London North Eastern Railway also named its daily 11:00 passenger train from London King's Cross to Edinburgh Waverley the Carolean Express, starting on 6 May.[159]

Natural England will mark the coronation with the creation of the King's Series of National Nature Reserves, which will see five major national nature reserves named every year for the next five years.[160][161] A new Coronation Garden in Newtownabbey which features music, moving plants, bubbles and a large metal bandstand named in honour of Charles and Camilla was opened by the King and Queen on 24 May.[162][163] In August, a government fund was launched to plant thousands of trees to mark the coronation and celebrate Charles' interest in the environment.[164]

Memorabilia edit

The Royal Mint released a new collection of coins, including 50p and £5 coin depicting the King wearing the Tudor Crown.[165] Royal Mail issued four stamps to mark the King's coronation, as it did for the coronations of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II. The company also applied a special postmark from 28 April to 10 May.[166]

 
Signage for a store advertising the sale of coronation memorabilia in Weymouth

The Royal Collection Trust released official coronation memorabilia to mark the occasion.[167][168] In February 2023, Buckingham Palace announced it would temporarily relax the "rules governing the commercial use of royal photographs and official insignia" to allow other groups to produce coronation memorabilia.[169]

Companies that have produced coronation memorabilia include Emma Bridgewater, Jan Constantine, Merrythought, and Royal Crown Derby.[167][170] Greene King produced a special brew to mark the coronation and auctioned several unopened crates of a special brew created for the cancelled coronation of Edward VIII in 1937, with proceeds from the auction going to The Prince's Trust.[170]

Crown Dependencies edit

A public holiday was declared on 8 May in Guernsey, the Isle of Man, and Jersey.[171][172][173] As in the United Kingdom, Big Help Outs were also organised in all three Crown Dependencies on the day of the holiday.[97][174][175]

The states of Guernsey planned events to celebrate the coronation from 5 to 8 May. A vigil was held on 5 May at Forest Methodist Church to reflect on the coronation's spiritual element. On 6 May, bells rang from Town Church, Vale, Forest, and St Pierre du Bois. A live broadcast of the coronation service was played on a large screen at the King George V Sports Ground (KGV), followed by a military parade from Fort George to the Model Yacht Pond. A 21-gun salute was fired at noon from Castle Cornet as part of the national salute. On 7 May, a Coronation Big Lunch was held at Saint Peter Port seafront, along with a service of thanksgiving at the Town Church. That evening the Coronation Concert was planned to be screened live at the KGV playing fields, and buildings including Castle Cornet and Fort Grey were illuminated in red, white, and blue in the evening.[176]

In Jersey, on 6 May, Coronation Park hosted a large-screen broadcast of the coronation, musical entertainment, and activities. Licensed establishments were encouraged to open ahead of the ceremony's broadcast, and seventh category licensed establishments could apply for special extensions to stay open until 3 am on 7 May. On 7 May, the Coronation Big Lunch took place in Liberation Square, where a public screening of the coronation concert was also held.[174][177]

 
A crowd in the Isle of Man watches the coronation

The Isle of Man government organised three days of festivities from 6 to 8 May. A Coronation Event Fund was established to assist local authorities, community groups, and charities help finance celebrations. On 7 May, a Biosphere Bee Community Picnic took place, and the Legislative Buildings in Douglas was also lit up.[175][178] A collection of 12 Isle of Man stamps featuring photos of Charles and Camilla, portraits of the King, and the royal cypher were also released in April 2023.[179] In keeping with the Manx tradition of giving two peregrine falcons to the Lord of Mann upon their coronation, the Isle of Man gifted Charles a wooden bowl adorned with two silver falcons made by local crafts people.[180]

British Overseas Territories edit

A public holiday was declared in Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, and Gibraltar on 8 May.[142][181]

Several events were planned in Bermuda. On 6 May, commemorative tree planting and the opening of a Coronation Garden, designed to reflect Prince Charles's work in support of the environment and sustainable farming, took place at Bermuda Botanical Gardens. On 7 May, a service of thanksgiving was held at the Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity, and on 8 May the Children's Reading Festival took place to recognise Camilla's commitment to literacy, particularly for young people.[182][183]

Celebrations in the Falkland Islands included a children's fancy dress party, a live music and karaoke event for young adults, as well as the Big Lunch and the Big Help Out.[184]

In Gibraltar, festivities took place on 3 May, including a parade of British Forces Gibraltar and essential services, garden and street parties, concerts, and a 21-gun salute performed by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment.[185][186] A live screening of the event also took place at Grand Casemates Square.[185]

Canada edit

Emblem and commemorative items edit

 
The Canadian coronation emblem

A Canadian coronation emblem was created by Cathy Bursey-Sabourin, Fraser Herald of Arms, and registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority. It includes Charles III's royal cypher inside a ring of 13 triangular shapes, the number corresponding to Canada's provinces and territories. The circular arrangement symbolises inclusion and the Indigenous concept of equity and the natural world's cycles. The colour green is a reference to the King's commitment to the natural environment, while the white spaces may be viewed as a sunburst, symbolising innovation and new ideas.[187]

A special edition of Canadian Geographic, which focused on Charles, was distributed[188] and the Royal Canadian Mint produced several commemorative coins.

The Canadian Heritage Mint, a private mint, produced and sold coronation medallions designed by Susan Taylor, a former senior engraver at the Royal Canadian Mint, and approved by Charles. These came in two forms: One shows, on the obverse, the King, wearing the Imperial State Crown, next to his Royal Cypher and, on the reverse, the encircling words KING CHARLES III • CORONATION • 6TH MAY 2023 with St Edward's Crown at the centre of a wreath of six maple leaves. Each leaf represents a coronation of a Canadian monarch since Confederation: Victoria, Edward VII, George V, George VI, Elizabeth II, and Charles III.[g] The second medallion features ultra-high relief effigies of Charles and Camilla, along with the coronation date, while maintaining a consistent arrangement of maple leaves encircling St Edward's Crown on the reverse.[189]

Of the single-effigy, 3,500 were produced from one-ounce of silver and 5,000 were rendered in bronze. Six hundred of the dual-effigy medallions were struck in five ounces of silver and 1,800 were made from eight ounces of bronze with an antique finish.[190][189]

Federal initiatives edit

 
The new royal standard of Canada, flown outside Government House, Halifax, after its unveiling on 6 May

On 6 May, a televised national ceremony to mark the coronation of the king of Canada took place at the Sir John A. Macdonald Building in Ottawa.[191] It featured speeches by Algonquin spiritual leader Albert Dumont and aerospace engineer Farah Alibay, and performances by the Eagle River Singers, Sabrina Benaim, Florence K, Inn Echo, and the Ottawa Regional Youth Choir.[192] During the event, Dominic Laporte created a spray-paint artpiece thematically linked to flowers, as an homage to Charles's support for the natural environment.[193] Several items were unveiled at the ceremony, including a new standard for the monarch, a heraldic crown incorporating distinctly Canadian elements, and a definitive stamp with an image of the King by Canada Post.[192][194] It was also announced that an effigy of Charles would replace that of Elizabeth II on Canadian coinage and the Canadian twenty-dollar note.[195] The ceremony concluded with a 21-gun salute and a performance by the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces on Parliament Hill.[192]

 
The CN Tower, in Toronto, lit green to mark the coronation

Landmarks across Canada were illuminated emerald green on 6 and 7 May. Tours were offered at Rideau Hall, the official residence of the monarch and governor general of Canada, and the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces performed there, while members of the Governor General's Foot Guards performed changing of the guard ceremonies.[192][194][196] Several Royal Canadian Legion branches hosted receptions.[197][198] On 8 May the government announced a donation of $100,000 to the Nature Conservancy of Canada to mark the coronation.[199]

The Department of Canadian Heritage provided $257,000 to the Royal Canadian Geographical Society to produce educational material for schools on the King's association with Indigenous peoples in Canada and his tours of the country,[192] Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada approved the use of a special call sign in Canada for amateur radio operators to use from 5 May to 2 June.[200]

The government will issue coronation medals to 30,000 Canadians who made significant contributions to the country or their local region.[201]

Provincial initiatives edit

 
Ceremonial shovels placed next to a plaque to mark the ceremonial tree planting at Coronation Park in Toronto

Lieutenant governors and territorial commissioners organised events that included exhibitions, military parades, and tree plantings.[194][192] The lieutenant governors of British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Saskatchewan hosted events at their respective Government Houses on the 5 or 6 May.[202][203][204][205][206][207] Additional events were planned at the government houses of British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan later in the year, including garden parties, the unveiling of a coronation pathway at Government House, British Columbia, and a debut musical performance composed for the coronation by Jeffery Straker at Government House, Saskatchewan.[202][203][207] The Lieutenant Governor of Ontario hosted a panel on the coronation with the Empire Club of Canada on 2 May and opened the Lieutenant Governor's Suite at the Ontario Legislative Building to the public as a part of Doors Open Toronto on 27 and 28 May.[208] An event was planned by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta at the University of Alberta Botanic Garden, although was later cancelled due to the 2023 Alberta wildfires.[209]

 
A coronation fair hosted by the government of Ontario at Queen's Park

Other celebrations organised by provincial governments included events organised at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building on 5 May and the Manitoba Legislative Building on 6 May.[210][211] The government of Ontario hosted a fair at Queen's Park in Toronto and offered free admission to provincially-owned attractions and 39 provincial parks on the date of the coronation.[208][212] A program by the government of Newfoundland and Labrador to distribute eastern white pine seedlings from the Wooddale Provincial Tree Nursery to the public was launched on 6 May to honour Charles's focus on environmentalism.[213]

Several coronation concerts were also organised. The Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario initiated a six-part coronation concert series for long-term care homes from April to May.[208] Several places hosted concerts during the coronation weekend, including the Cathedral Church of St James in Toronto, Christ Church Cathedral in Victoria, and Knox-Metropolitan United Church in Regina.[208][202][210]

Australia edit

Celebrating Charles III's coronation as king of Australia, buildings and monuments across the country were illuminated in royal purple on 6 and 7 May.[214] A flag notice was also issued, urging the display of the national flag, the Aboriginal flag, and Torres Strait Islander flag throughout the coronation weekend.[215] On 7 May, the Australia's Federation Guard fired a 21-gun salute from the forecourt of Parliament House. The Royal Australian Air Force also planned a flypast of the forecourt that day, although it was cancelled due to inclement weather.[216] The Federal Executive Council also made a $10,000 donation in the King's name to a charity working to conserve the western ground parrot, as an official "coronation gift" to Charles.[217] On 9 May, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese delivered an address of congratulations in the House of Representatives, which was followed by an address from the Deputy Prime Minister Richard Marles and the Leader of the Opposition Peter Dutton.[218][219]

 
The ballroom of Government House, Perth during an open house to mark the coronation. A group poses next to a photo portrait of Charles and Camilla in the background.

Government Houses in Brisbane, Darwin, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney hosted open houses on 6 and 7 May, while Government House in Adelaide did the same on 21 May.[220][221][222][223][224][225] A low level flypast also took place over Queensland's Government House on Coronation Day.[226] Government Houses in Adelaide, Hobart, and Sydney also hosted garden parties and receptions during the coronation weekend, while a barbecue was held by the Governor-General of Australia at Government House, Canberra on 12 May.[224][225][227][228] Government House, Melbourne held a reception later in the month on 29 May.[229]

The Australian Monarchist League hosted several low-key events and screenings of the coronation on 5 and 6 May, including in Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney; but, opted not to organise street parties over concerns that republican protesters might disrupt them.[230][231] The Australian Government was criticised by monarchists for not declaring a public holiday, or organising official government events to mark the coronation.[230][231][232]

New Zealand edit

To celebrate the coronation of Charles III as king of New Zealand, a national event featuring performances was held at the Auckland Domain on 7 May. The New Zealand Defence Force performed a gun salute at Devonport and Point Jerningham in Wellington on the same day.[233][234]

Trees That Count and the Department of Conservation initiated a tree planting campaign, with the New Zealand Government providing NZ$1 million to support the planting of 100,000 trees by local councils during the coronation weekend.[233] The campaign was launched on the grounds of Parliament House, Wellington on 26 April, during a tree planting ceremony with various parliamentarians, including Prime Minister Chris Hipkins and Opposition Leader Christopher Luxon.[235] Civic tree-planting events were held in several communities from 3 to 10 May.[234]

 
The Sky Tower in Auckland illuminated in purple on 6 May 2023 to mark the coronation

NZ Post released commemorative coins and stamps on 3 May.[236] An initiative to illuminate landmarks in purple also took place in Auckland, Hawera, and Wellington on 6 May.[233][234] The chefs of Government House shared a Coronation Pie recipe to commemorate the occasion.[237]

Several other public services and private groups also organised commemorative events. The New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts held a special exhibition to mark the coronation from 21 April to 21 May, featuring works from 68 artists and pieces belonging to the Royal New Zealand Navy.[238] Libraries in South Taranaki hosted coronation events from 1 to 6 May. The Wellington Cathedral of St Paul held a coronation festival from 5 to 7 May.[234]

Papua New Guinea edit

A ceremony was held at Sir Hubert Murray Stadium in Port Moresby on 6 May to commemorate Charles III's coronation as king of Papua New Guinea. The event was held simultaneously with the coronation ceremony in the United Kingdom.[239] The ceremony included a parade by members of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force, Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary, Papua New Guinea Fire Services, Papua New Guinea Correctional Services and St John Ambulance, a live screening of the coronation, and various speeches and live musical performances, and a fireworks finale. Keynote speeches by acting Governor-General Job Pomat and Prime Minister James Marape were also made at the ceremony.[240][241]

Solomon Islands edit

To celebrate Charles III's coronation as king of Solomon Islands, a wake-up call by drumbeaters, pan pipers and the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force band took place in Honiara on 6 May. A commemorative church service was held at the St Barnabas Provincial Cathedral to celebrate the coronation,[242] which also included a cake-cutting ceremony. The service was attended by several ministers of the Crown, including Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare.[243] A public musical performance by One Drop Band was also held at the Unity Square, where a photographic slidehow of historic royal visits to Solomon Islands was also displayed.[242]

From 5 to 12 May, the National Art Gallery held an exhibition displaying portraits, historical records, and visits by members of the royal family to Solomon Islands.[242]

Antigua and Barbuda edit

Events to mark the coronation of Charles as king of Antigua and Barbuda took place in St. John's. On 7 May, a parade featuring the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force (ABDF), Girl Guides, Boy Scouts, Boys and Girls Brigades, The Duke of Edinburgh Award recipients, Seventh Day Adventist Pathfinder, and Cadet Corps marched from the Multipurpose Cultural Centre to Government House.[244] There, a ceremony took place that included a bonfire and performances by the ABDF Band, Salvation Army Timbralists, and SDA Parthfinders Drum Corps. On 8 May, a service of Thanksgiving to mark the occasion took place at the St John's Pentecostal House of Restoration Ministries, where all national honourees of Antigua and Barbuda were invited to pray for the King and Queen.[245][246]

Vanuatu edit

The Kastom people who worshipped Prince Philip on the Vanuatuan island of Tanna marked the coronation of his son. Events were organised in the villages of Yakel and Yaohnanen throughout 6 May, including a flag-raising ceremony of the Union Flag, and drinking and dancing. Around 5,000 to 6,000 people gathered to celebrate, with an additional 100 chiefs also attending.[247]

Coverage and ratings edit

 
Television cameras set up along the procession route.

The BBC provided the sole feed for the coronation in Ultra-high-definition HDR, a joint project by the BBC Research & Development and BBC Studios Events. Overall, the BBC used 7 outside broadcast trucks and over 100 HDR cameras for the coronation feed. The BBC suspended the television licence fee for the coronation weekend so that venues could screen the coronation on 6 May, and the coronation concert the next day, without needing to buy a television licence.[248] The Department for Culture, Media and Sport announced that the event would be shown on big screens across 57 locations in Britain, including in Hyde Park, Green Park and St James's Park.[126]

 
A reporter with the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation speaking with a spectator on the coronation procession route

Media outlets in Britain, Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand and the United States broadcast the coronation live. Several broadcasters in those countries provided coverage of the occasion throughout the coronation weekend.[249][250][251]

The coronation was viewed by an average television audience of 18.8 million across 11 channels, with a peak television audience of 20.4 million in the United Kingdom, making it the most-watched broadcast of the year.[252][253][254] This was, however, smaller than the television audience for Queen Elizabeth II's funeral the previous year, which averaged at 26.2 million viewers and peaked at 29.2 million.[254] The BBC showed the coronation on BBC One, BBC Two with British Sign Language interpretation and the BBC News Channel, and its peak audience of 15.5 million was the largest of any broadcaster.[253] ITV had an audience of 3.6 million people, with ITV3 carrying British Sign Language interpretation from 10:45 am to 1 pm, and a further 800,000 watched on Sky News and Sky Showcase.[253]

Outside the United Kingdom, the ceremony was watched by over 3 million people in Australia, 7.6 million people in Canada, nearly 9 million people in France, over 4.8 million people in Germany, and 12 million people in the US.[255][256][257][258][259]

Reactions edit

Public opinion edit

Multiple public opinion surveys related to the coronation were conducted in the United Kingdom in the lead-up to the event. In a YouGov survey conducted in April 2023, 46 per cent of respondents stated they would watch the event on television; a similar poll conducted by Ipsos in May 2023 indicated that 40 per cent of British adults intended to watch the ceremony, with 29 per cent stating they had no plans to celebrate the event.[260][261] Another YouGov surveys taken during that period found that 64 per cent of respondents did not care about the ceremony, "very much" or "at all", with 33 per cent caring "a great deal" or "a fair amount".[262] A third YouGov survey found that 51 per cent of respondents believed that the coronation should not be financed by taxpayers.[263]

YouGov also conducted a poll in Australia, where it found that 57 per cent of respondents expressed some interest in the coronation, with 14 per cent being very interested in the event. Among the respondents, 43 per cent expressed no interest in the coronation.[264]

An Angus Reid Institute poll in Canada found that 59 per cent of respondents paid some attention to the coronation, although only 9 per cent of respondents highly anticipated the event. Another 20 per cent of respondents said they would likely watch the coronation, while 29 per cent planned to read about it. Among the respondents, 41 per cent expressed no interest for the coronation.[259][265]

Post-coronation edit

A post-coronation poll conducted by Ipsos found that both Charles and William received higher public satisfaction ratings in the UK following the coronation. However, unlike earlier jubilees and royal events, support for the institution itself saw no boost as a result of the coronation, with 61 per cent of respondents stating that the event had no impact on their perception of the monarchy. Among the respondents, 19 per cent reported that the coronation had a positive impact on their perception of the institution, while another 19 per cent stated that the event had an adverse effect on their perception of the monarchy.[266]

Protests edit

 
The "Abolish the Monarchy" demonstration in Trafalgar Square while the coronation was occurring

The British republican group Republic protested against the coronation in London; its chief executive, Graham Smith, called the ceremony a "celebration of hereditary power and privilege".[267] The organisation anticipated an attendance of around 1,500–2,000 in Trafalgar Square, the focus of the London protests, with smaller groups of one to three people spread throughout the procession route.[268][269] According to BBC News, there were hundreds of protesters.[270] Republic encouraged protesters to wear yellow during the protest.[269][271]

Pro–Scottish independence and republican marches took place in both Edinburgh and Glasgow on the day of the coronation. The group All Under One Banner marched in Glasgow, and the Radical Independence Campaign and Our Republic in Edinburgh. The latter group also promoted the Declaration of Calton Hill during its march.[272]

The Welsh republican advocacy group Cymru Republic staged a protest on 6 May in Cardiff, with a march from the statue of Aneurin Bevan to Bute Park.[273] Around 300 protesters took part.[270]

Security arrangements edit

 
A police surveillance booth on the coronation procession route

To manage disruptive protests and deter potential threats and criminal activities at the event, the police and security services from across the United Kingdom deployed a large number of physical barriers, armed officers, and police drones in London.[274] Over 11,500 police officers were on duty on the day of the coronation, and units of the UK Counter Terrorism Defence Mechanism were also placed on standby.[275] Extensive security planning had been ongoing for several years leading up to the coronation as part of Operation Golden Orb.[274]

Republic had been engaged in consultations with the police in the months leading up to the event regarding their demonstration plans. They had been assured by the police until 5 May that there would be no complications with their protest.[276]

Arrests edit

The Metropolitan Police stated that of the 64 arrests made on the day of the coronation, 52 were related to "concerns people were going to disrupt the event, and arrests included to prevent a breach of the peace and conspiracy to cause a public nuisance"; the other 12 were made for other offences.[277] Those arrested included individuals from Animal Rising, eight members from Just Stop Oil, and six members from Republic, including their chief executive, Graham Smith.[278][279][280] An Australian bystander who was mistaken for a Just Stop Oil protester was also arrested.[281]

The Metropolitan Police said that some arrests were due to plans by protesters to "throw rape alarms" in an attempt to startle horses in the parade, potentially injuring riders and spectators, something about which they had briefed Oliver Dowden, the deputy prime minister, in April 2023.[282][283][284][285] Three members of the women's safety campaign group Night Stars were arrested for distributing rape alarms to women in Westminster, prompting criticism from the Green Party politician Caroline Russell.[286]

Human Rights Watch described the arrests as alarming and something "you would expect to see in Moscow not London".[287] On 8 May the Metropolitan Police apologised to six of the arrested protesters, including Smith, after a review found no proof that the protesters in question were going to engage in unlawful behaviour. The Metropolitan Police expressed "regret" over the arrest of Smith and the five other protesters.[288] Smith indicated that he would not be willing to accept the apology, and that he would be considering legal action.[276] The City of Westminster Council have requested an apology from the police for the arrest of the night voluntary workers.[289]

The Home Affairs Committee will hold an evidence session on the policing of the coronation and arrest of republican protesters on 17 May.[290] The Metropolitan Police and Lincolnshire Police also submitted a voluntary complaint referral to the Independent Office for Police Conduct concerning the arrest of the Australian bystander on 17 May.[291] The Mayor of London has also demanded answers from the Metropolitan Police over the arrests.[292]

Reparatory demands edit

In the lead-up to the coronation, indigenous republican and reparations campaigners from 12 Commonwealth realms signed an open letter to Charles, asking him to formally apologise for the effects of British colonialism and to begin a "process of reparatory justice".[293] The prime ministers of Belize, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, used the occasion to argue that Britain should apologise for the slave trade.[294][295][296]

The use of the Cullinan diamonds in the coronation was controversial in South Africa. The ceremony prompted some South Africans to demand their return, following a petition on the same topic after the death of Queen Elizabeth II which attracted 8,000 signatures.[297][298]

Republicanism edit

Marlene Malahoo Forte, the minister of legal and constitutional affairs of Jamaica, used the coronation to emphasise the Jamaican government's intention to transition to being a republic as early as 2024, and that the coronation had accelerated the government's plans for a referendum on the subject.[299] A constitutional reform committee on the issue was set up earlier in 2023.[300]

The prime ministers of Belize, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, voiced their desires for their respective countries to transition towards a republic. A constitutional commission to look into the issue was formed in November 2022 in Belize. In the lead-up to the coronation, the prime ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines also pledged to create constitutional commissions to look into the issue.[294][295][296]

In the lead-up to the coronation, republicans in Australia criticised Prime Minister Anthony Albanese for attending the coronation,[301] and he faced pressure from republicans to not partake in the oath of allegiance.[302][303]

Reaction from international leaders edit

Leaders from around the world congratulated the King and Queen both before and after the event.[304] US President Joe Biden paid tribute to the "enduring friendship between the US and the UK". Chinese President Xi Jinping congratulated Charles and Camilla, but also urged the UK to work for "a stable and mutually beneficial relationship" with his country after recent strains in their relations. The head of the European Union's executive, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, called the coronation "a testament to the enduring strength of the British monarchy". French President Emmanuel Macron sent his "congratulations" to the King and Queen, calling them "friends of France". Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni sent her "best wishes to King Charles III, to Queen Camilla and the entire British people". The foreign ministry in Greece tweeted in English to "warmly congratulate HM King Charles III, a proven friend of Greece, in his Coronation day".[305] Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi sent his warmest congratulations to the King and Queen and “sure that the India-UK relationship will be strengthened further in the future years”.[306] The NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said the coronation “a symbol of the enduring strength of the United Kingdom, our staunch NATO Ally”.[307] The President of the European Central Bank, Christine Lagarde wished the King and Queen “a reign of peace and prosperity”.[308]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The monarch of the United Kingdom is the supreme governor of the Church of England and is styled the Defender of the Faith.
  2. ^ King Harold Godwinson was almost certainly crowned at the newly consecrated Westminster Abbey in January 1066, although this is not specifically confirmed by any contemporary source.[1] If Harold's coronation is included, this was the 41st at the abbey.
  3. ^ The Marquess of Anglesey, the Duke of Westminster, the Earl of Caledon and the Earl of Dundee
  4. ^ For Charles: Prince George of Wales, Lord Oliver Cholmondeley (son of the Marquess and Marchioness of Cholmondeley), Nicholas Barclay (grandson of Sarah Troughton), and Ralph Tollemache (son of the Hon. Edward Tollemache). For Camilla, her grandsons Gus and Louis Lopes (sons of Laura Lopes) and Frederick Parker Bowles (son of Tom Parker Bowles), and her great-nephew, Arthur Elliot (son of Ben Elliot).
  5. ^ Members of the royal family that made an appearance on the front balcony include the King and Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales and their children, The Princess Royal, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh and their children, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, The Duke of Kent, and Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy.[124]
  6. ^ Other aircraft, which were removed from the flypast on safety grounds, included Spitfires, a Lancaster and Hurricanes; F-35B Lightning jets; the P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft; transport aircraft from the RAF Air Mobility Force; 18 Eurofighter Typhoons; and the RAF's new Envoy IV CC1[125] The aircraft took part at the Trooping the Colour ceremony the following month instead.
  7. ^ Edward VIII did not have a coronation before his abdication.

References edit

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  5. ^ Pepinster, Catherine (2022). "Chapter 9: Vivat! Vivat! Vivat Rex! the next coronation". Defenders of the Faith: Queen Elizabeth II's funeral will see Christianity take centre stage. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-1399800068. from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
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January 01, 1970
coronation, charles, camilla, coronation, charles, wife, camilla, king, queen, united, kingdom, other, commonwealth, realms, took, place, saturday, 2023, westminster, abbey, charles, acceded, throne, september, 2022, upon, death, mother, elizabeth, first, coro. The coronation of Charles III and his wife Camilla as king and queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms took place on Saturday 6 May 2023 at Westminster Abbey Charles acceded to the throne on 8 September 2022 upon the death of his mother Elizabeth II It was the first coronation held since Elizabeth II s coronation in 1953 nearly 70 years prior Coronation of Charles III and CamillaThe King and Queen waving from the balcony of Buckingham Palace following the coronation serviceDate6 May 2023 2023 05 06 LocationWestminster AbbeyParticipantsKing Charles IIIQueen CamillaGreat Officers of StateBishops of the Church of EnglandSelected members of the armed forces of the CommonwealthHeralds of the College of Arms and the Lyon CourtSelected Peers of the RealmFaith representatives The ceremony was structured around an Anglican service of Holy Communion It included Charles taking an oath being anointed with holy oil and receiving the coronation regalia emphasising his spiritual role and secular responsibilities a Representatives of the Church of England and the British royal family declared their allegiance to him and people throughout the Commonwealth realms were invited to do so Camilla was crowned in a shorter and simpler ceremony After the service members of the royal family travelled to Buckingham Palace in a state procession and appeared on the palace s rear and front balconies The service was altered from past British coronations to represent the multiple faiths cultures and communities of the United Kingdom It was shorter than Elizabeth II s coronation and had a peak UK television audience of 20 4 million making it the most watched television broadcast of 2023 The coronation elicited both celebrations and protest in the United Kingdom with surveys carried out before the event suggesting that the British public was ambivalent towards the ceremony and its funding by taxpayers The events in London and Windsor drew large crowds but were also protested against by republican groups 64 individuals were arrested on the day which was criticised by the international advocacy group Human Rights Watch The celebrations included street parties volunteering special commemorative church services and a concert at Windsor Castle on 7 May The response in the other Commonwealth realms was similarly mixed while there were many celebrations some government officials and indigenous groups took the opportunity to voice republican sentiments and call for reparatory justice It was the first British coronation in the 21st century and the 40th to be held at Westminster Abbey since the coronation of William the Conqueror in 1066 b Contents 1 Preparation 1 1 Background 1 2 Service and procession 1 3 Guests 1 4 Vestments and crowns 1 5 Art 1 6 Music 1 7 Cost 2 Coronation service 2 1 Procession to the abbey 2 2 Procession into the abbey 2 3 Recognition 2 4 Oath and accession declaration 2 5 Anointing 2 6 Investment and crowning 2 7 Enthronement and homage 2 8 Coronation of the Queen 2 9 Holy Communion 2 10 End of the service 2 11 State procession to Buckingham Palace 2 12 Balcony appearances 3 Public events and commemorations 3 1 United Kingdom 3 1 1 Ecclesiastical initiatives 3 1 2 Government initiatives 3 1 3 Memorabilia 3 1 4 Crown Dependencies 3 1 5 British Overseas Territories 3 2 Canada 3 2 1 Emblem and commemorative items 3 2 2 Federal initiatives 3 2 3 Provincial initiatives 3 3 Australia 3 4 New Zealand 3 5 Papua New Guinea 3 6 Solomon Islands 3 7 Antigua and Barbuda 3 8 Vanuatu 4 Coverage and ratings 5 Reactions 5 1 Public opinion 5 1 1 Post coronation 5 2 Protests 5 2 1 Security arrangements 5 2 2 Arrests 5 3 Reparatory demands 5 4 Republicanism 5 5 Reaction from international leaders 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External linksPreparation editBackground edit Charles III became king immediately upon the death of his mother Queen Elizabeth II at 15 10 BST on 8 September 2022 He was proclaimed king by the Accession Council on 10 September 2 which was followed by proclamations in other Commonwealth realms 3 Charles s wife Camilla became queen consort 4 During Elizabeth II s reign planning meetings for Charles s coronation code named Operation Golden Orb were held at least once a year attended by representatives of the UK government the Church of England and Charles s staff 5 6 7 Service and procession edit The organisation of the coronation was the responsibility of the Earl Marshal the Duke of Norfolk 8 A committee of privy counsellors arranged the event 9 7 In October 2022 the date of the coronation was announced as 6 May 2023 a choice made to ensure sufficient time to mourn the death of Elizabeth II before holding the ceremony 10 7 A Coronation Claims Office was established within the Cabinet Office to handle claims to perform a historic or ceremonial role at the coronation replacing the Court of Claims 11 The posts of Lord High Steward and Lord High Constable of England which are now only named for coronations were given to General Sir Gordon Messenger and Admiral Sir Tony Radakin respectively 12 The holy anointing oil used in the service was consecrated at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on 6 March 2023 by Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem under the supervision of Hosam Naoum the Anglican archbishop of Jerusalem It was based on the same formula as the oil used in the coronation of Elizabeth II but without animal products such as civet 13 14 15 nbsp Members of the British Armed Forces conduct a rehearsal on 2 May Military dress rehearsals took place on 17 18 and 19 April 16 17 The King and Queen the Prince and Princess of Wales and their children and the Princess Royal attended coronation rehearsals at Westminster Abbey on 3 May 18 Westminster Abbey was closed to tourists and worshippers from 25 April for preparations and did not re open until 8 May 19 As at previous coronations many attendees had an obscured view as the abbey s nave was filled to capacity However on this occasion some television screens were installed in the nave to mitigate this 20 Guests edit Main article List of guests at the coronation of Charles III and Camilla nbsp Countries that sent representatives The coronation was a state event funded by the British government which also decided the guest list 21 Approximately 2 200 guests from 203 countries were invited 22 They included members of the British royal family representatives from the Church of England and other British faith communities prominent politicians from the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth and foreign heads of state 23 The number of British political attendees was reduced significantly from 1953 when virtually the entire Parliament of the United Kingdom attended 24 Invitations were extended to 850 community and charity representatives including 450 British Empire Medal recipients and 400 young persons half of whom were nominated by the government 25 Following a tradition dating from 1189 fourteen barons of the Cinque Ports were also invited 26 Safety regulations at Westminster Abbey restricted the number of guests as in contrast to earlier coronations no temporary stands were erected in the building 27 nbsp Charles meeting with foreign dignitaries at a reception in the Picture Gallery of Buckingham Palace on 5 May In addition to the coronation several dignitaries invited to the event also attended related gatherings hosted by Charles on 5 May in London Several receptions were hosted by Charles on that day including one for dignitaries from the Commonwealth realms at Buckingham Palace and another reception at Marlborough House for all the leaders of the Commonwealth of Nations 28 29 In the evening the King hosted a reception for foreign royalty and other overseas dignitaries at Buckingham Palace 30 and family members and guests also attended a reception at Oswald s 31 Vestments and crowns edit In a break with tradition Charles s coronation vestments ceremonial clothes were largely reused from previous coronations instead of being newly made 32 33 While it is customary for the supertunica and robe royal to be reused Charles also wore vestments first used by George IV George V George VI and Elizabeth II Camilla similarly reused vestments including Elizabeth II s robe of state but also wore a new robe of estate featuring her cypher bees a beetle and various plants and flowers 33 She also wore a new coronation gown created by Bruce Oldfield and embroidered with wildflowers the United Kingdom s floral emblems her cypher a pair of dogs and her grandchildren s names 34 35 St Edward s Crown which was used to crown the King was removed from the Tower of London in December 2022 for resizing 36 21 In February 2023 Queen Mary s Crown which was used to crown the Queen was also removed from display to be reset with Cullinan III IV and V and for four of its eight detachable arches to be removed 37 The Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was not used to avoid a potential diplomatic dispute with India the crown contains the Koh i Noor diamond which is claimed by India 38 The dress code for peers without a role in the ceremony was originally lounge suits or parliamentary robes rather than the coronets coronation robes and court dress traditionally worn 39 20 This was changed in the week before the coronation after protests with peers allowed to wear coronation robes but not coronets 40 The general dress code for men was morning dress a lounge suit or national dress 41 Art edit nbsp Invitation to the coronation of King Charles III and Queen Camilla The official photographer of the coronation was Hugo Burnand who had previously been the official photographer for Charles and Camilla s wedding in 2005 42 Eileen Hogan was selected to paint the coronation ceremony and Peter Kuhfeld and Paul Benney to paint the coronation portraits of Charles and Camilla respectively 43 Three alumni of The Royal Drawing School Fraser Scarfe Phoebe Stannard and Gideon Summerfield were picked to document the procession 44 nbsp The United Kingdom coronation emblem Andrew Jamieson was commissioned to create the coronation invitation which featured the couple s coats of arms the floral emblems of the United Kingdom and a Green Man amid other British wildflowers and wildlife 45 46 The coronation emblem was designed by Jony Ive with his creative collective LoveFrom and depicts the floral emblems of the United Kingdom in the shape of St Edward s Crown 47 48 There are versions of the emblem in both English and Welsh 49 The procession into the abbey was led by the Cross of Wales a new processional cross commissioned by Charles to mark the centenary of the Church in Wales It includes relics of the True Cross gifted to the King by Pope Francis 50 The screen which concealed the King during his anointing was designed by iconographer Aidan Hart and embroidered by the Royal School of Needlework It includes 56 leaves embroidered with the names of the members of the Commonwealth of Nations 51 52 The Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom Simon Armitage released a new poem An Unexpected Guest to mark the coronation The poem follows a woman invited to attend the coronation in Westminster Abbey and quotes Samuel Pepys experience at the coronation of Charles II in 1661 53 54 55 In a tradition dating back to the coronation of King Edward II in 1308 the official account of the event the Coronation Roll was presented to the King and Queen on 3 May 2024 The roll of hand stitched paper is 21 metres long and contains 11 500 words crafted by calligrapher Stephanie von Werthern Gill and illustrated by Timothy Noad The roll will be kept with its predecessors at the The National Archives 56 but has been digitised and is accessible online 57 Music edit Twelve new pieces were commissioned for the service and used alongside older works including several used at previous coronations 58 59 Six of the new commissions were performed by the orchestra before the service those by Judith Weir Sir Karl Jenkins a vocal piece by Sarah Class performed by Pretty Yende Nigel Hess Roderick Williams and Shirley J Thompson Iain Farrington and a new march by Patrick Doyle 60 New compositions by Roxanna Panufnik Tarik O Regan and Andrew Lloyd Webber were part of the service and Debbie Wiseman composed two related pieces one of which was performed by the Ascension Choir 60 61 Existing works by William Byrd George Frideric Handel William Boyce Edward Elgar Walford Davies William Walton Hubert Parry and Ralph Vaughan Williams were included as they had been at previous coronations 61 Six pieces were performed in new arrangements by John Rutter 62 In tribute to the King s 64 year tenure as Prince of Wales the Kyrie was set in Welsh by Paul Mealor and was sung by Sir Bryn Terfel 60 Psalm 71 was chanted to in Greek by a Byzantine choir which was included in the service in tribute to the King s father Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh who was born a prince of Greece 63 The director of music for the coronation was Andrew Nethsingha the organist and master of the choristers at the abbey 61 Before the service John Eliot Gardiner conducted the Monteverdi Choir and English Baroque Soloists 58 61 The main choir was a combination of the choirs of Westminster Abbey the Chapel Royal the octet from the Monteverdi Choir Methodist College Belfast Girls Choir and Truro Cathedral Girls Choir 61 60 64 The orchestra players were drawn from the Philharmonia Orchestra Royal Philharmonic Orchestra BBC National Orchestra of Wales Regina Symphony Orchestra English Chamber Orchestra Scottish Chamber Orchestra Royal Opera House Orchestra and Welsh National Opera Orchestra which are all patronised by Charles 61 60 The orchestra situated in the organ loft 65 was conducted by Antonio Pappano and led by Vasko Vasilev 60 The State Trumpeters of the Household Cavalry and the Fanfare Trumpeters of the Royal Air Force played the fanfares 61 nbsp Percussionists of the Mounted Band of the Household Cavalry during the procession to Buckingham Palace All eight of the massed bands in the coronation procession played the same music keeping time with each other with the help of a radio broadcast click track the first time such technology has been used on such a large scale ceremonial event previously bands would march to different pieces of music starting at different times The tempo set was 108 beats per minute slowed down from the regulation 116 beats per minute because of the size of the bands 66 An official coronation album which includes all music and spoken word from the pre service and service was recorded and released by Decca Records after the ceremony 67 List of music played at the coronation service Title of piece Composer Notes Opening voluntary Magnificat in D Major Johann Sebastian Bach Sunday After New Year Bach Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied Bach Ecce sacerdos magnus Anton Bruckner Alla breve in D Major Bach Brighter Visions Shine Afar Judith Weir New composition Jupiter the Bringer of Jollity Gustav Holst arranged by Iain Farrington Tros y Garreg Crossing the Stone Karl Jenkins New arrangement Sacred Fire Sarah Class New composition lyrics by Grahame Davies Crown Imperial William Walton arranged by John Rutter New arrangement composed for the coronation of George VI Fantasia on Greensleeves Ralph Vaughan Williams Be Thou My Vision Nigel Hess Roderick Williams Shirley Thompson New composition Voices of the World Farrington New composition King Charles III Coronation March Patrick Doyle New composition Trumpet Tune Henry Purcell arranged by Rutter New arrangement The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba George Frideric Handel Oh had I Jubal s lyre Handel Care selve Handel Nimrod Edward Elgar arranged by Farrington New arrangement Flourish for an Occasion William Henry Harris Prelude on Rhosymedre Vaughan Williams During the service Fanfare for the Arrival of Their Majesties I was glad Hubert Parry arranged by Rutter New arrangement Parry version used since coronation of Edward VII Kyrie Eleison Paul Mealor New composition sung in Welsh The Recognition Christopher Robinson New composition Prevent Us O Lord William Byrd Gloria Byrd Alleluia O Clap Your Hands Debbie Wiseman New composition Alleluia O Sing Praises Wiseman New composition Veni Creator Spiritus Zadok the Priest Handel Composed for the coronation of George II Give The King Your Judgements Byzantine Chant Wiener Philharmoniker Fanfare Richard Strauss arranged by Mealor New arrangement O Lord Grant the King a Long Life Thomas Weelkes Probably composed for the coronation of James I 68 Homage Fanfare Robinson Confortare Walford Davies arranged by Rutter New arrangement composed for the coronation of George VI 69 Make A Joyful Noise Andrew Lloyd Webber New composition Christ Is Made The Sure Foundation Purcell arranged by James O Donnell Coronation Sanctus Roxanna Panufnik New composition Coronation Agnus Dei Tarik O Regan New composition Threefold Amen Orlando Gibbons Previously sung at the coronations of Edward VII and George V 70 Praise My Soul the King of Heaven J Goss arranged by Robinson New arrangement The King Shall Rejoice Opening Chorus William Boyce Composed for the coronation of George III 71 Coronation Te Deum Walton arranged by Rutter New arrangement composed for the coronation of Elizabeth II 72 God Save the King arranged by Gordon Jacob Closing voluntary Pomp and Circumstance March No 4 in G Elgar arranged by Farrington New arrangement March from the Birds Parry arranged by Rutter New arrangement Chorale Fantasia on The Old Hundredth Parry Earl of Oxford s March Byrd arranged by Matthew Knight List of music played at the state procession to Buckingham Palace 73 March Composer Coronation Bells W Partridge 74 The Bond Of Friendship Lt Col J Mackenzie Rogan 75 Holyrood Maj K J Alford 76 The Great Little Army Maj K J Alford 77 The King s Company Capt B Mason 78 Under The White Ensign Lt Col Sir F V Dunn 79 Scarlet and Gold L Thomas 80 The Kings Guard J H Keith 81 Cost edit As a state event the event was paid for by the British government as well as Buckingham Palace through the Sovereign Grant and Privy Purse The Department for Digital Culture Media and Sport stated that it was unable to give costs or a breakdown of funding until after the coronation but unofficial estimates of 50 million to 250 million have been reported 82 83 84 85 The cost of the coronation was criticised by the campaign group Republic and the Scottish National Party MP Ronnie Cowan in light of the ongoing cost of living crisis in the United Kingdom In comparison Elizabeth II s coronation cost 912 000 in 1953 equating to 20 5m in May 2023 while George VI s cost 454 000 in 1937 equating to 24 8m in May 2023 George VI s coronation prior to the coronation of Charles III and Camilla was the most expensive in the last 300 years 86 The elevated expenses for Charles and Camilla s coronation has been partly attributed to the increased cost for security measures 87 88 Coronation service edit nbsp Coronation Order of Service The events of the coronation day included a procession from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Abbey the coronation service itself a procession back to Buckingham Palace and an appearance by the King and Queen with other members of the royal family on the palace balcony for a flypast by the Royal Air Force 89 nbsp Spectators camping in the public viewing area along the procession route a day before the coronation The coronation was conducted by the Church of England and contained several distinct elements which were structured around a service of Holy Communion 90 Charles and Camilla first proceeded into the abbey then Charles was presented to the people and recognised as monarch After this Charles took an oath stating that he will uphold the law and maintain the Church of England He then was anointed with holy oil invested with the coronation regalia and crowned with St Edward s Crown After this he was enthroned and received homage from Justin Welby Archbishop of Canterbury and William Prince of Wales and the people were invited to swear allegiance Camilla then was anointed crowned and enthroned The King and Queen ended the service by taking Holy Communion and processed out of the abbey 91 Several public viewing spots of the procession were prepared 92 Tens of thousands of people from the UK and the rest of the world were estimated to have lined the procession route 93 Despite the forecast for rain spectators started camping along the procession route days before the event 94 On the morning of the event authorities announced the procession route had reached capacity at 8 29 95 Procession to the abbey edit nbsp The Diamond Jubilee State Coach carrying Charles and Camilla to Westminster Abbey On the day of the coronation Charles and Camilla travelled to Westminster Abbey in procession 96 97 They departed Buckingham Palace at 10 20 BST and went along The Mall down Whitehall and along Parliament Street and around the east and south sides of Parliament Square before reaching the Great West Door of Westminster Abbey a distance of 1 42 miles 2 29 km 96 98 Charles and Camilla used the Diamond Jubilee State Coach drawn by six Windsor Greys and were accompanied by the Sovereign s Escort of the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment 96 99 Procession into the abbey edit nbsp Flag bearers and leaders from the Commonwealth realms prior to their procession into the abbey The procession into the abbey was led by leaders and representatives from non Christian religions including the Bahaʼi Buddhist Hindu Jain Jewish Shia and Sunni Muslim Sikh and Zoroastrian communities 12 100 They were followed by leaders from different Christian denominations including the Church of England After this the flags of the Commonwealth realms were carried by representatives accompanied by their governors general and prime ministers The choir followed 12 100 98 Charles and Camilla arrived shortly before 11 00 and formed their own procession It was led by four peers c carrying heraldic standards displaying the arms of England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales 12 100 followed by the King s Champion Francis Dymoke carrying the Royal Standard 12 The Lord High Constable of England and the Earl Marshal also took part 12 Charles and Camilla were each attended by four pages of honour including Prince George of Wales and Camilla s grandsons d 101 Camilla was also accompanied by two ladies in attendance Annabel Elliot her sister and the Marchioness of Lansdowne 102 Unexpectedly the Prince and Princess of Wales and their two younger children arrived at the Abbey after the King whose horses went a lot faster than they had in the practice and joined the procession after the King and Queen 103 104 The choir sang Hubert Parry s I was glad during which the King s Scholars of Westminster School sang Vivat Regina Camilla and Vivat Rex Carolus Long live Queen Camilla and Long live King Charles 100 105 After this the coronation regalia was carried in procession to the altar 12 106 At Charles s request the sixth century St Augustine Gospels was also carried in the procession 107 Bearers and presenters of regalia Regalia Bearer Presenter Ref King s Regalia St Edward s Staff The Baroness Manningham Buller 12 Sword of Temporal Justice The Lord Houghton of Richmond 12 Sword of Spiritual Justice The Lord Richards of Herstmonceux 12 Sword of Mercy The Lord Peach 12 Sword of State The Rt Hon Penny Mordaunt Lord President of the Council 12 Sword of Offering Petty Officer Amy Taylor arrival Penny Mordaunt departure Justin Welby Archbishop of Canterbury 108 109 Golden Spurs The Lord Hastings and The Earl of Loudoun The Lord Carrington Lord Great Chamberlain 12 Armills The Lord Kamall 12 Stole Royal Paul Butler Bishop of Durham 100 Robe Royal The Prince of Wales and The Baroness Merron 12 100 Sovereign s Orb Dame Elizabeth Anionwu John McDowell Archbishop of Armagh 12 Sovereign s Ring Brigadier Andrew Jackson Keeper of the Jewel House The Lord Patel 12 Coronation Glove The Lord Singh of Wimbledon 12 Sceptre with the Cross The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry Mark Strange Bishop of Moray Ross and Caithness 12 Sceptre with the Dove The Baroness Benjamin Andrew John Bishop of Bangor 12 St Edward s Crown General Sir Gordon Messenger Lord High Steward of England Justin Welby Archbishop of Canterbury 12 Queen s Regalia Queen Consort s Ring The Lord Chartres Brigadier Andrew Jackson 12 Queen Mary s Crown The Duke of Wellington Justin Welby Archbishop of Canterbury 12 Queen Consort s Sceptre with the Cross General Sir Patrick Sanders The Lord Chartres 12 Queen Consort s Rod with the Dove The Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws Rose Hudson Wilkin Bishop of Dover 12 Recognition edit nbsp The Coronation Chair which housed the Stone of Scone was used by Charles during the ceremony For this coronation the chair was fitted with a new seat cushion and armrests The service conducted by the Archbishop of Canterbury began with the King and Queen having a silent moment of prayer before seating themselves on their chairs of estate made for the 1953 coronation 100 110 111 In a new element of the service the king was welcomed by one of the Children of the Chapel to which he replied that he came not to be served but to serve 112 Paul Mealor s Coronation Kyrie was sung in Welsh by Sir Bryn Terfel After this the Archbishop of Canterbury Lady Elish Angiolini Christopher Finney and Baroness Amos stood facing east south west and north and in turn asked the congregation to recognise Charles as king the crowd replied God save King Charles each time 100 98 Charles was then presented with a new Bible by the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland 100 Oath and accession declaration edit The Archbishop of Canterbury acknowledged the existence of multiple faiths and beliefs in the United Kingdom 98 Charles then took the coronation oath in which he swore to govern each of his countries according to their respective laws and customs to administer law and justice with mercy and to uphold Protestantism in the United Kingdom and protect the Church of England Subsequently he made the statutory accession declaration 100 Charles then signed a written form of the oath before kneeling before the altar and saying a prayer 100 The service of Holy Communion then continued The Archbishop of Canterbury delivered the collect and the epistle and gospel were read by the prime minister Rishi Sunak and the bishop of London Sarah Mullally respectively 100 This was followed by a sermon by the Archbishop of Canterbury 100 Anointing edit Charles removed his robe of state and was seated on the Coronation Chair 113 114 He then was anointed with holy oil by the Archbishop of Canterbury using the ampulla and a medieval spoon the latter the oldest part of the coronation regalia The anointing emphasised the spiritual role of the sovereign It was a private part of the service as in 1953 it was not televised and Charles was concealed by a screen During this the choir sang the anthem Zadok the Priest 115 Investment and crowning edit nbsp St Edward s Crown the Orb the Sovereign s Sceptre with Cross the Sovereign s Sceptre with Dove and the Sovereign s Ring In the next part of the service Charles was presented with several items from the coronation regalia The spurs armills Sword of State and Sword of Offering were given to the King who touched them with his hand before they were removed again 100 During this Psalm 71 was chanted in Greek by an Orthodox choir in tribute of the King s father Prince Philip who was born a prince of Greece 100 The King was invested with the stole royal robe royal and the Sovereign s Orb and presented with the sovereign s ring which he touched but did not wear He was then invested with the glove the Sovereign s Sceptre with Cross and the Sovereign s Sceptre with Dove 100 106 nbsp Gun salute by 5th Regiment Royal Artillery at Stirling Castle at the moment Charles is crowned The King then was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury with the Archbishop and then the congregation chanting God save the King 100 At the moment of crowning the church bells of the abbey rang 21 gun salutes were fired at 13 locations around the United Kingdom and on deployed Royal Navy ships and 62 gun salutes and a six gun salvo were fired from the Tower of London and Horse Guards Parade 116 Charles then received a blessing read by the Archbishop of York the Archbishop of Thyateira and Great Britain the Moderator of the Free Churches the Secretary General of Churches Together in England the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and the Archbishop of Canterbury representing the Anglican Greek Orthodox Nonconformist ecumenical and Roman Catholic traditions respectively 100 Enthronement and homage edit Charles moved to the throne originally made for George VI in 1937 and the Archbishop of Canterbury and William Prince of Wales offered him their fealty 111 100 The Archbishop of Canterbury then invited the people of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms to swear allegiance to the King the first time this has occurred 100 117 Coronation of the Queen edit nbsp Queen Mary s Crown here depicted in its original form was used to crown Queen Camilla The next part of the service concerned Camilla She was anointed in public view thought to be the first time this has occurred and then presented with the Queen Consort s Ring 100 118 The Queen then was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury using Queen Mary s Crown 100 Camilla then was presented with the Queen Consort s Sceptre with Cross and the Queen Consort s Rod with Dove which unlike other queens consort she chose not to carry before sitting on her own throne originally made for Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 1937 beside the King 100 106 111 This was the first coronation of a consort since that of Charles s grandmother Queen Elizabeth in 1937 7 Holy Communion edit The offertory followed during which gifts of bread and wine were brought before the King and prayed over the prayer was a translation from the Liber Regalis which dates from c 1382 and is one of the oldest sources for the English coronation service 100 Charles and Camilla then received Holy Communion from the Archbishop of Canterbury and the congregation recited the Lord s Prayer before a final blessing 100 End of the service edit At the end of the service the King changed into the Imperial State Crown during which the congregation sang Praise my soul the King of heaven 119 Charles and Camilla then proceeded to the west door of the abbey as the national anthem God Save the King was sung At the end of the procession the King received a greeting by governors general of the realms and representatives from the Jewish Hindu Sikh Muslim and Buddhist faiths 100 The abbey bells rang a full peal of Cambridge Surprise Royal 120 State procession to Buckingham Palace edit The second procession followed the same route as the first but in reverse and on a larger scale The King and Queen were carried in the Gold State Coach drawn by eight Windsor Grey horses with other members of the royal family in other vehicles including the Australian State Coach the Irish State Coach and the Scottish State Coach 96 nbsp The King and Queen returning from Westminster Abbey to Buckingham Palace in the Gold State Coach The armed forces of the United Kingdom other countries of the Commonwealth and the British Overseas Territories played a significant part Over 5 000 members of the British Armed Forces and 400 Armed Forces personnel from at least 35 other Commonwealth countries were part of the two processions and 1 000 lined the route 116 The Sovereign s Bodyguard the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Royal Watermen also took part in the procession and the Royal British Legion formed a Guard of Honour of 100 Standard Bearers in Parliament Square 96 121 The Princess Royal and the Commander of the Household Cavalry served as the Gold Stick in Waiting and Silver Stick in Waiting respectively 122 Balcony appearances edit At Buckingham Palace the King and Queen stood on the rear balcony and received a royal salute and three cheers from the armed forces who were massed in the palace garden 123 nbsp The King and Queen and other members of the royal family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace They later joined other members of the royal family on the front balcony to review a flypast by helicopters and the Red Arrows aerobatic team e A six minute flypast of 68 aircraft was planned but prevented by rain and low clouds 123 f A grandstand was built in front of Buckingham Palace from which to watch the procession and flypast with 3 800 seats offered to Armed Forces veterans NHS and social care workers and representatives of charities with links to the King and Queen 126 In addition 354 uniformed cadet forces viewed the procession at Admiralty Arch 126 Public events and commemorations editSeveral Commonwealth countries held events and issued commemorative items to mark the coronation Events including themed parties and public viewings were also privately organized in countries like the United States 127 United Kingdom edit nbsp A Coronation Big Lunch held in London In April 2023 Buckingham Palace revealed a new hashflag emoji depicting St Edward s Crown for use on Twitter 128 The King and Queen attended a celebratory pre coronation reception at Westminster Hall on 2 May 129 They hosted coronation garden parties at the Buckingham Palace on 3 and 9 May at Hillsborough Castle on 24 May and at the Palace of Holyroodhouse on 4 July 130 131 132 On 5 May Charles together with the Prince and Princess of Wales greeted crowds at The Mall during a walkabout 28 Between 6 8 May people in Britain held Coronation Big Lunch street parties 110 More than 3 000 parties were planned with English councils having approved the closure of 3 087 roads Most street parties were scheduled for Sunday 7 May 133 Coronation quiche was chosen by Charles and Camilla as the official dish of the Coronation Big Lunch 134 Coronation Trifle was the official pudding it was created by Adam Handling and is made with Parkin ginger custard and strawberry jelly 135 Pubs also remained open until 01 00 on the coronation weekend 136 nbsp The Coronation Concert with drones in formation overheadAcross the UK local authorities spent over 3 8 million on events to mark the coronation 137 The Coronation Concert was planned for 7 May to be held on the east lawn of Windsor Castle 110 97 In addition to performances by singers musicians and stage and screen actors the show also featured a Coronation Choir composed of community choirs and amateur singers 97 110 138 During the concert landmarks areas of natural beauty and street parties were featured 139 5 000 pairs of free tickets were distributed by public ballot and volunteers from the King and Queen s charities were also invited 110 140 Several musical performers reportedly turned down the palace s invitation to perform citing scheduling conflicts 141 nbsp Staff from the British Embassy in Washington D C volunteer at the Capital Area Food Bank on 8 May as a part of the Big Help Out initiative A public holiday was declared on 8 May to commemorate the coronation 142 On the same day the Together Coalition in partnership with The Scout Association the Royal Voluntary Service and various faith groups organised the Big Help Out initiative to encourage volunteering and community service 110 97 An estimated 6 million took part in the initiative 143 The Royal Voluntary Service of which Camilla is president also launched the Coronation Champions Awards which recognised 500 volunteers nominated by the public 144 145 The National Literacy Trust of which Camilla is patron announced the opening of 50 special primary school libraries to mark the coronation 146 The Tower of London explored the history of the Crown Jewels in a new exhibition to mark Coronation year which opened to the public on 26 May 147 Between 14 July and 24 September 2023 outfits worn by the King and Queen at the Coronation were on display in the Ballroom as part of the summer opening of Buckingham Palace 148 Six pairs of Coronation Chairs are to be auctioned by Christie s and the sale will raise funds for four charities chosen by the King and Queen 149 The King and Queen along with the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay marked the coronation in Scotland by attending a national service of thanksgiving on 5 July 150 The Honours of Scotland were collected from Edinburgh Castle and taken to St Giles Cathedral following a People s Procession involving 100 people that represented aspects of Scottish life 150 The King and Queen and the Duke and Duchess of Rothesay travelled from the Palace of Holyroodhouse to the cathedral in the Royal Procession along the Royal Mile 150 Following a service of thanksgiving at the cathedral where the King was presented with the Honours a 21 gun salute from Edinburgh Castle and a fly past by the Red Arrows took place 150 On his 75th birthday in November 2023 Charles launched the Coronation Food Project an initiative aimed at tackling food poverty and insecurity by reducing food waste through redistribution 151 Ecclesiastical initiatives edit Twenty eight days prior to the coronation of Charles III and Camilla the Church of England established a period of prayer for them and to this end published a Book of Daily Prayers that included daily themes reflections and prayers for use by individuals churches or groups 152 153 154 Congregations of the Church of England held special commemorative services throughout the country on 6 7 May 2023 155 Government initiatives edit nbsp Coronation medals issued in the United Kingdom The government of the United Kingdom issued coronation medals to 400 000 individuals including those involved in supporting the coronation front line emergency and prison services workers and members of the British Armed Forces The medals are made of nickel silver and plated in nickel and feature an effigy of the King and Queen on a red white and blue ribbon 156 nbsp A crowned roundel for Green Park tube station The Transport for London announced several initiatives The roundels used by the London Underground the Overground and the Elizabeth line were redesigned to include a crown for the coronation 157 Voice announcement were also replaced by announcements recorded by the King and Queen on 5 May and were used on railway station and all Underground stations throughout the coronation weekend and bank holiday on Monday 158 The London North Eastern Railway also named its daily 11 00 passenger train from London King s Cross to Edinburgh Waverley the Carolean Express starting on 6 May 159 Natural England will mark the coronation with the creation of the King s Series of National Nature Reserves which will see five major national nature reserves named every year for the next five years 160 161 A new Coronation Garden in Newtownabbey which features music moving plants bubbles and a large metal bandstand named in honour of Charles and Camilla was opened by the King and Queen on 24 May 162 163 In August a government fund was launched to plant thousands of trees to mark the coronation and celebrate Charles interest in the environment 164 Memorabilia edit The Royal Mint released a new collection of coins including 50p and 5 coin depicting the King wearing the Tudor Crown 165 Royal Mail issued four stamps to mark the King s coronation as it did for the coronations of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth II The company also applied a special postmark from 28 April to 10 May 166 nbsp Signage for a store advertising the sale of coronation memorabilia in Weymouth The Royal Collection Trust released official coronation memorabilia to mark the occasion 167 168 In February 2023 Buckingham Palace announced it would temporarily relax the rules governing the commercial use of royal photographs and official insignia to allow other groups to produce coronation memorabilia 169 Companies that have produced coronation memorabilia include Emma Bridgewater Jan Constantine Merrythought and Royal Crown Derby 167 170 Greene King produced a special brew to mark the coronation and auctioned several unopened crates of a special brew created for the cancelled coronation of Edward VIII in 1937 with proceeds from the auction going to The Prince s Trust 170 Crown Dependencies edit A public holiday was declared on 8 May in Guernsey the Isle of Man and Jersey 171 172 173 As in the United Kingdom Big Help Outs were also organised in all three Crown Dependencies on the day of the holiday 97 174 175 The states of Guernsey planned events to celebrate the coronation from 5 to 8 May A vigil was held on 5 May at Forest Methodist Church to reflect on the coronation s spiritual element On 6 May bells rang from Town Church Vale Forest and St Pierre du Bois A live broadcast of the coronation service was played on a large screen at the King George V Sports Ground KGV followed by a military parade from Fort George to the Model Yacht Pond A 21 gun salute was fired at noon from Castle Cornet as part of the national salute On 7 May a Coronation Big Lunch was held at Saint Peter Port seafront along with a service of thanksgiving at the Town Church That evening the Coronation Concert was planned to be screened live at the KGV playing fields and buildings including Castle Cornet and Fort Grey were illuminated in red white and blue in the evening 176 In Jersey on 6 May Coronation Park hosted a large screen broadcast of the coronation musical entertainment and activities Licensed establishments were encouraged to open ahead of the ceremony s broadcast and seventh category licensed establishments could apply for special extensions to stay open until 3 am on 7 May On 7 May the Coronation Big Lunch took place in Liberation Square where a public screening of the coronation concert was also held 174 177 nbsp A crowd in the Isle of Man watches the coronation The Isle of Man government organised three days of festivities from 6 to 8 May A Coronation Event Fund was established to assist local authorities community groups and charities help finance celebrations On 7 May a Biosphere Bee Community Picnic took place and the Legislative Buildings in Douglas was also lit up 175 178 A collection of 12 Isle of Man stamps featuring photos of Charles and Camilla portraits of the King and the royal cypher were also released in April 2023 179 In keeping with the Manx tradition of giving two peregrine falcons to the Lord of Mann upon their coronation the Isle of Man gifted Charles a wooden bowl adorned with two silver falcons made by local crafts people 180 British Overseas Territories edit A public holiday was declared in Bermuda the Cayman Islands and Gibraltar on 8 May 142 181 Several events were planned in Bermuda On 6 May commemorative tree planting and the opening of a Coronation Garden designed to reflect Prince Charles s work in support of the environment and sustainable farming took place at Bermuda Botanical Gardens On 7 May a service of thanksgiving was held at the Cathedral of the Most Holy Trinity and on 8 May the Children s Reading Festival took place to recognise Camilla s commitment to literacy particularly for young people 182 183 Celebrations in the Falkland Islands included a children s fancy dress party a live music and karaoke event for young adults as well as the Big Lunch and the Big Help Out 184 In Gibraltar festivities took place on 3 May including a parade of British Forces Gibraltar and essential services garden and street parties concerts and a 21 gun salute performed by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment 185 186 A live screening of the event also took place at Grand Casemates Square 185 Canada edit Emblem and commemorative items edit nbsp The Canadian coronation emblem A Canadian coronation emblem was created by Cathy Bursey Sabourin Fraser Herald of Arms and registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority It includes Charles III s royal cypher inside a ring of 13 triangular shapes the number corresponding to Canada s provinces and territories The circular arrangement symbolises inclusion and the Indigenous concept of equity and the natural world s cycles The colour green is a reference to the King s commitment to the natural environment while the white spaces may be viewed as a sunburst symbolising innovation and new ideas 187 A special edition of Canadian Geographic which focused on Charles was distributed 188 and the Royal Canadian Mint produced several commemorative coins The Canadian Heritage Mint a private mint produced and sold coronation medallions designed by Susan Taylor a former senior engraver at the Royal Canadian Mint and approved by Charles These came in two forms One shows on the obverse the King wearing the Imperial State Crown next to his Royal Cypher and on the reverse the encircling words KING CHARLES III CORONATION 6TH MAY 2023 with St Edward s Crown at the centre of a wreath of six maple leaves Each leaf represents a coronation of a Canadian monarch since Confederation Victoria Edward VII George V George VI Elizabeth II and Charles III g The second medallion features ultra high relief effigies of Charles and Camilla along with the coronation date while maintaining a consistent arrangement of maple leaves encircling St Edward s Crown on the reverse 189 Of the single effigy 3 500 were produced from one ounce of silver and 5 000 were rendered in bronze Six hundred of the dual effigy medallions were struck in five ounces of silver and 1 800 were made from eight ounces of bronze with an antique finish 190 189 Federal initiatives edit nbsp The new royal standard of Canada flown outside Government House Halifax after its unveiling on 6 May On 6 May a televised national ceremony to mark the coronation of the king of Canada took place at the Sir John A Macdonald Building in Ottawa 191 It featured speeches by Algonquin spiritual leader Albert Dumont and aerospace engineer Farah Alibay and performances by the Eagle River Singers Sabrina Benaim Florence K Inn Echo and the Ottawa Regional Youth Choir 192 During the event Dominic Laporte created a spray paint artpiece thematically linked to flowers as an homage to Charles s support for the natural environment 193 Several items were unveiled at the ceremony including a new standard for the monarch a heraldic crown incorporating distinctly Canadian elements and a definitive stamp with an image of the King by Canada Post 192 194 It was also announced that an effigy of Charles would replace that of Elizabeth II on Canadian coinage and the Canadian twenty dollar note 195 The ceremony concluded with a 21 gun salute and a performance by the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces on Parliament Hill 192 nbsp The CN Tower in Toronto lit green to mark the coronation Landmarks across Canada were illuminated emerald green on 6 and 7 May Tours were offered at Rideau Hall the official residence of the monarch and governor general of Canada and the Central Band of the Canadian Armed Forces performed there while members of the Governor General s Foot Guards performed changing of the guard ceremonies 192 194 196 Several Royal Canadian Legion branches hosted receptions 197 198 On 8 May the government announced a donation of 100 000 to the Nature Conservancy of Canada to mark the coronation 199 The Department of Canadian Heritage provided 257 000 to the Royal Canadian Geographical Society to produce educational material for schools on the King s association with Indigenous peoples in Canada and his tours of the country 192 Innovation Science and Economic Development Canada approved the use of a special call sign in Canada for amateur radio operators to use from 5 May to 2 June 200 The government will issue coronation medals to 30 000 Canadians who made significant contributions to the country or their local region 201 Provincial initiatives edit nbsp Ceremonial shovels placed next to a plaque to mark the ceremonial tree planting at Coronation Park in Toronto Lieutenant governors and territorial commissioners organised events that included exhibitions military parades and tree plantings 194 192 The lieutenant governors of British Columbia Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan hosted events at their respective Government Houses on the 5 or 6 May 202 203 204 205 206 207 Additional events were planned at the government houses of British Columbia Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan later in the year including garden parties the unveiling of a coronation pathway at Government House British Columbia and a debut musical performance composed for the coronation by Jeffery Straker at Government House Saskatchewan 202 203 207 The Lieutenant Governor of Ontario hosted a panel on the coronation with the Empire Club of Canada on 2 May and opened the Lieutenant Governor s Suite at the Ontario Legislative Building to the public as a part of Doors Open Toronto on 27 and 28 May 208 An event was planned by the Lieutenant Governor of Alberta at the University of Alberta Botanic Garden although was later cancelled due to the 2023 Alberta wildfires 209 nbsp A coronation fair hosted by the government of Ontario at Queen s Park Other celebrations organised by provincial governments included events organised at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building on 5 May and the Manitoba Legislative Building on 6 May 210 211 The government of Ontario hosted a fair at Queen s Park in Toronto and offered free admission to provincially owned attractions and 39 provincial parks on the date of the coronation 208 212 A program by the government of Newfoundland and Labrador to distribute eastern white pine seedlings from the Wooddale Provincial Tree Nursery to the public was launched on 6 May to honour Charles s focus on environmentalism 213 Several coronation concerts were also organised The Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario initiated a six part coronation concert series for long term care homes from April to May 208 Several places hosted concerts during the coronation weekend including the Cathedral Church of St James in Toronto Christ Church Cathedral in Victoria and Knox Metropolitan United Church in Regina 208 202 210 Australia edit Celebrating Charles III s coronation as king of Australia buildings and monuments across the country were illuminated in royal purple on 6 and 7 May 214 A flag notice was also issued urging the display of the national flag the Aboriginal flag and Torres Strait Islander flag throughout the coronation weekend 215 On 7 May the Australia s Federation Guard fired a 21 gun salute from the forecourt of Parliament House The Royal Australian Air Force also planned a flypast of the forecourt that day although it was cancelled due to inclement weather 216 The Federal Executive Council also made a 10 000 donation in the King s name to a charity working to conserve the western ground parrot as an official coronation gift to Charles 217 On 9 May Prime Minister Anthony Albanese delivered an address of congratulations in the House of Representatives which was followed by an address from the Deputy Prime Minister Richard Marles and the Leader of the Opposition Peter Dutton 218 219 nbsp The ballroom of Government House Perth during an open house to mark the coronation A group poses next to a photo portrait of Charles and Camilla in the background Government Houses in Brisbane Darwin Melbourne Perth and Sydney hosted open houses on 6 and 7 May while Government House in Adelaide did the same on 21 May 220 221 222 223 224 225 A low level flypast also took place over Queensland s Government House on Coronation Day 226 Government Houses in Adelaide Hobart and Sydney also hosted garden parties and receptions during the coronation weekend while a barbecue was held by the Governor General of Australia at Government House Canberra on 12 May 224 225 227 228 Government House Melbourne held a reception later in the month on 29 May 229 The Australian Monarchist League hosted several low key events and screenings of the coronation on 5 and 6 May including in Adelaide Brisbane Melbourne Perth and Sydney but opted not to organise street parties over concerns that republican protesters might disrupt them 230 231 The Australian Government was criticised by monarchists for not declaring a public holiday or organising official government events to mark the coronation 230 231 232 New Zealand edit To celebrate the coronation of Charles III as king of New Zealand a national event featuring performances was held at the Auckland Domain on 7 May The New Zealand Defence Force performed a gun salute at Devonport and Point Jerningham in Wellington on the same day 233 234 Trees That Count and the Department of Conservation initiated a tree planting campaign with the New Zealand Government providing NZ 1 million to support the planting of 100 000 trees by local councils during the coronation weekend 233 The campaign was launched on the grounds of Parliament House Wellington on 26 April during a tree planting ceremony with various parliamentarians including Prime Minister Chris Hipkins and Opposition Leader Christopher Luxon 235 Civic tree planting events were held in several communities from 3 to 10 May 234 nbsp The Sky Tower in Auckland illuminated in purple on 6 May 2023 to mark the coronation NZ Post released commemorative coins and stamps on 3 May 236 An initiative to illuminate landmarks in purple also took place in Auckland Hawera and Wellington on 6 May 233 234 The chefs of Government House shared a Coronation Pie recipe to commemorate the occasion 237 Several other public services and private groups also organised commemorative events The New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts held a special exhibition to mark the coronation from 21 April to 21 May featuring works from 68 artists and pieces belonging to the Royal New Zealand Navy 238 Libraries in South Taranaki hosted coronation events from 1 to 6 May The Wellington Cathedral of St Paul held a coronation festival from 5 to 7 May 234 Papua New Guinea edit A ceremony was held at Sir Hubert Murray Stadium in Port Moresby on 6 May to commemorate Charles III s coronation as king of Papua New Guinea The event was held simultaneously with the coronation ceremony in the United Kingdom 239 The ceremony included a parade by members of the Papua New Guinea Defence Force Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary Papua New Guinea Fire Services Papua New Guinea Correctional Services and St John Ambulance a live screening of the coronation and various speeches and live musical performances and a fireworks finale Keynote speeches by acting Governor General Job Pomat and Prime Minister James Marape were also made at the ceremony 240 241 Solomon Islands edit To celebrate Charles III s coronation as king of Solomon Islands a wake up call by drumbeaters pan pipers and the Royal Solomon Islands Police Force band took place in Honiara on 6 May A commemorative church service was held at the St Barnabas Provincial Cathedral to celebrate the coronation 242 which also included a cake cutting ceremony The service was attended by several ministers of the Crown including Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare 243 A public musical performance by One Drop Band was also held at the Unity Square where a photographic slidehow of historic royal visits to Solomon Islands was also displayed 242 From 5 to 12 May the National Art Gallery held an exhibition displaying portraits historical records and visits by members of the royal family to Solomon Islands 242 Antigua and Barbuda edit Events to mark the coronation of Charles as king of Antigua and Barbuda took place in St John s On 7 May a parade featuring the Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force ABDF Girl Guides Boy Scouts Boys and Girls Brigades The Duke of Edinburgh Award recipients Seventh Day Adventist Pathfinder and Cadet Corps marched from the Multipurpose Cultural Centre to Government House 244 There a ceremony took place that included a bonfire and performances by the ABDF Band Salvation Army Timbralists and SDA Parthfinders Drum Corps On 8 May a service of Thanksgiving to mark the occasion took place at the St John s Pentecostal House of Restoration Ministries where all national honourees of Antigua and Barbuda were invited to pray for the King and Queen 245 246 Vanuatu edit The Kastom people who worshipped Prince Philip on the Vanuatuan island of Tanna marked the coronation of his son Events were organised in the villages of Yakel and Yaohnanen throughout 6 May including a flag raising ceremony of the Union Flag and drinking and dancing Around 5 000 to 6 000 people gathered to celebrate with an additional 100 chiefs also attending 247 Coverage and ratings edit nbsp Television cameras set up along the procession route The BBC provided the sole feed for the coronation in Ultra high definition HDR a joint project by the BBC Research amp Development and BBC Studios Events Overall the BBC used 7 outside broadcast trucks and over 100 HDR cameras for the coronation feed The BBC suspended the television licence fee for the coronation weekend so that venues could screen the coronation on 6 May and the coronation concert the next day without needing to buy a television licence 248 The Department for Culture Media and Sport announced that the event would be shown on big screens across 57 locations in Britain including in Hyde Park Green Park and St James s Park 126 nbsp A reporter with the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation speaking with a spectator on the coronation procession route Media outlets in Britain Australia Austria Canada France Germany New Zealand and the United States broadcast the coronation live Several broadcasters in those countries provided coverage of the occasion throughout the coronation weekend 249 250 251 The coronation was viewed by an average television audience of 18 8 million across 11 channels with a peak television audience of 20 4 million in the United Kingdom making it the most watched broadcast of the year 252 253 254 This was however smaller than the television audience for Queen Elizabeth II s funeral the previous year which averaged at 26 2 million viewers and peaked at 29 2 million 254 The BBC showed the coronation on BBC One BBC Two with British Sign Language interpretation and the BBC News Channel and its peak audience of 15 5 million was the largest of any broadcaster 253 ITV had an audience of 3 6 million people with ITV3 carrying British Sign Language interpretation from 10 45 am to 1 pm and a further 800 000 watched on Sky News and Sky Showcase 253 Outside the United Kingdom the ceremony was watched by over 3 million people in Australia 7 6 million people in Canada nearly 9 million people in France over 4 8 million people in Germany and 12 million people in the US 255 256 257 258 259 Reactions editPublic opinion edit Multiple public opinion surveys related to the coronation were conducted in the United Kingdom in the lead up to the event In a YouGov survey conducted in April 2023 46 per cent of respondents stated they would watch the event on television a similar poll conducted by Ipsos in May 2023 indicated that 40 per cent of British adults intended to watch the ceremony with 29 per cent stating they had no plans to celebrate the event 260 261 Another YouGov surveys taken during that period found that 64 per cent of respondents did not care about the ceremony very much or at all with 33 per cent caring a great deal or a fair amount 262 A third YouGov survey found that 51 per cent of respondents believed that the coronation should not be financed by taxpayers 263 YouGov also conducted a poll in Australia where it found that 57 per cent of respondents expressed some interest in the coronation with 14 per cent being very interested in the event Among the respondents 43 per cent expressed no interest in the coronation 264 An Angus Reid Institute poll in Canada found that 59 per cent of respondents paid some attention to the coronation although only 9 per cent of respondents highly anticipated the event Another 20 per cent of respondents said they would likely watch the coronation while 29 per cent planned to read about it Among the respondents 41 per cent expressed no interest for the coronation 259 265 Post coronation edit A post coronation poll conducted by Ipsos found that both Charles and William received higher public satisfaction ratings in the UK following the coronation However unlike earlier jubilees and royal events support for the institution itself saw no boost as a result of the coronation with 61 per cent of respondents stating that the event had no impact on their perception of the monarchy Among the respondents 19 per cent reported that the coronation had a positive impact on their perception of the institution while another 19 per cent stated that the event had an adverse effect on their perception of the monarchy 266 Protests edit nbsp The Abolish the Monarchy demonstration in Trafalgar Square while the coronation was occurring The British republican group Republic protested against the coronation in London its chief executive Graham Smith called the ceremony a celebration of hereditary power and privilege 267 The organisation anticipated an attendance of around 1 500 2 000 in Trafalgar Square the focus of the London protests with smaller groups of one to three people spread throughout the procession route 268 269 According to BBC News there were hundreds of protesters 270 Republic encouraged protesters to wear yellow during the protest 269 271 Pro Scottish independence and republican marches took place in both Edinburgh and Glasgow on the day of the coronation The group All Under One Banner marched in Glasgow and the Radical Independence Campaign and Our Republic in Edinburgh The latter group also promoted the Declaration of Calton Hill during its march 272 The Welsh republican advocacy group Cymru Republic staged a protest on 6 May in Cardiff with a march from the statue of Aneurin Bevan to Bute Park 273 Around 300 protesters took part 270 Security arrangements edit nbsp A police surveillance booth on the coronation procession route To manage disruptive protests and deter potential threats and criminal activities at the event the police and security services from across the United Kingdom deployed a large number of physical barriers armed officers and police drones in London 274 Over 11 500 police officers were on duty on the day of the coronation and units of the UK Counter Terrorism Defence Mechanism were also placed on standby 275 Extensive security planning had been ongoing for several years leading up to the coronation as part of Operation Golden Orb 274 Republic had been engaged in consultations with the police in the months leading up to the event regarding their demonstration plans They had been assured by the police until 5 May that there would be no complications with their protest 276 Arrests edit The Metropolitan Police stated that of the 64 arrests made on the day of the coronation 52 were related to concerns people were going to disrupt the event and arrests included to prevent a breach of the peace and conspiracy to cause a public nuisance the other 12 were made for other offences 277 Those arrested included individuals from Animal Rising eight members from Just Stop Oil and six members from Republic including their chief executive Graham Smith 278 279 280 An Australian bystander who was mistaken for a Just Stop Oil protester was also arrested 281 The Metropolitan Police said that some arrests were due to plans by protesters to throw rape alarms in an attempt to startle horses in the parade potentially injuring riders and spectators something about which they had briefed Oliver Dowden the deputy prime minister in April 2023 282 283 284 285 Three members of the women s safety campaign group Night Stars were arrested for distributing rape alarms to women in Westminster prompting criticism from the Green Party politician Caroline Russell 286 Human Rights Watch described the arrests as alarming and something you would expect to see in Moscow not London 287 On 8 May the Metropolitan Police apologised to six of the arrested protesters including Smith after a review found no proof that the protesters in question were going to engage in unlawful behaviour The Metropolitan Police expressed regret over the arrest of Smith and the five other protesters 288 Smith indicated that he would not be willing to accept the apology and that he would be considering legal action 276 The City of Westminster Council have requested an apology from the police for the arrest of the night voluntary workers 289 The Home Affairs Committee will hold an evidence session on the policing of the coronation and arrest of republican protesters on 17 May 290 The Metropolitan Police and Lincolnshire Police also submitted a voluntary complaint referral to the Independent Office for Police Conduct concerning the arrest of the Australian bystander on 17 May 291 The Mayor of London has also demanded answers from the Metropolitan Police over the arrests 292 Reparatory demands edit In the lead up to the coronation indigenous republican and reparations campaigners from 12 Commonwealth realms signed an open letter to Charles asking him to formally apologise for the effects of British colonialism and to begin a process of reparatory justice 293 The prime ministers of Belize Saint Kitts and Nevis and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines used the occasion to argue that Britain should apologise for the slave trade 294 295 296 The use of the Cullinan diamonds in the coronation was controversial in South Africa The ceremony prompted some South Africans to demand their return following a petition on the same topic after the death of Queen Elizabeth II which attracted 8 000 signatures 297 298 Republicanism edit Marlene Malahoo Forte the minister of legal and constitutional affairs of Jamaica used the coronation to emphasise the Jamaican government s intention to transition to being a republic as early as 2024 and that the coronation had accelerated the government s plans for a referendum on the subject 299 A constitutional reform committee on the issue was set up earlier in 2023 300 The prime ministers of Belize Saint Kitts and Nevis and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines voiced their desires for their respective countries to transition towards a republic A constitutional commission to look into the issue was formed in November 2022 in Belize In the lead up to the coronation the prime ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines also pledged to create constitutional commissions to look into the issue 294 295 296 In the lead up to the coronation republicans in Australia criticised Prime Minister Anthony Albanese for attending the coronation 301 and he faced pressure from republicans to not partake in the oath of allegiance 302 303 Reaction from international leaders edit Leaders from around the world congratulated the King and Queen both before and after the event 304 US President Joe Biden paid tribute to the enduring friendship between the US and the UK Chinese President Xi Jinping congratulated Charles and Camilla but also urged the UK to work for a stable and mutually beneficial relationship with his country after recent strains in their relations The head of the European Union s executive European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called the coronation a testament to the enduring strength of the British monarchy French President Emmanuel Macron sent his congratulations to the King and Queen calling them friends of France Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni sent her best wishes to King Charles III to Queen Camilla and the entire British people The foreign ministry in Greece tweeted in English to warmly congratulate HM King Charles III a proven friend of Greece in his Coronation day 305 Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi sent his warmest congratulations to the King and Queen and sure that the India UK relationship will be strengthened further in the future years 306 The NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said the coronation a symbol of the enduring strength of the United Kingdom our staunch NATO Ally 307 The President of the European Central Bank Christine Lagarde wished the King and Queen a reign of peace and prosperity 308 See also edit nbsp Monarchy portal nbsp United Kingdom portal Canadian Coronation Contingent Coronation of the British monarch List of British coronations List of people involved in coronations of the British monarchNotes edit The monarch of the United Kingdom is the supreme governor of the Church of England and is styled the Defender of the Faith King Harold Godwinson was almost certainly crowned at the newly consecrated Westminster Abbey in January 1066 although this is not specifically confirmed by any contemporary source 1 If Harold s coronation is included this was the 41st at the abbey The Marquess of Anglesey the Duke of Westminster the Earl of Caledon and the Earl of Dundee For Charles Prince George of Wales Lord Oliver Cholmondeley son of the Marquess and Marchioness of Cholmondeley Nicholas Barclay grandson of Sarah Troughton and Ralph Tollemache son of the Hon Edward Tollemache For Camilla her grandsons Gus and Louis Lopes sons of Laura Lopes and Frederick Parker Bowles son of Tom Parker Bowles and her great nephew Arthur Elliot son of Ben Elliot Members of the royal family that made an appearance on the front balcony include the King and Queen the Prince and Princess of Wales and their children The Princess Royal the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh and their children the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester The Duke of Kent and Princess Alexandra The Honourable Lady Ogilvy 124 Other aircraft which were removed from the flypast on safety grounds included Spitfires a Lancaster and Hurricanes F 35B Lightning jets the P 8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft transport aircraft from the RAF Air Mobility Force 18 Eurofighter Typhoons and the RAF s new Envoy IV CC1 125 The aircraft took part at the Trooping the Colour ceremony the following month instead Edward VIII did not have a coronation before his abdication References edit Gosling Lucinda 2013 Royal Coronations Oxford Shire p 7 ISBN 978 0 74781 220 3 Rhoden Paul Andre Heald Claire 10 September 2022 Charles praises Queen s reign as he is formally confirmed as king BBC News Archived from the original on 10 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Ratcliffe Rebecca McClure Tess Badshash Nadeem Taylor Harry Zeldin O Neill Sophie 11 September 2022 Proclamations read out in Commonwealth countries as it happened The Guardian Archived from the original on 10 September 2022 Retrieved 11 September 2022 Saunt Raven 11 September 2022 Camilla Queen Consort The 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21 April 2023 Retrieved 22 April 2022 a b CNW Group 2 May 2023 Canadian Coronation Medallion Approved by King Charles III Yahoo Finance archived from the original on 4 March 2024 retrieved 4 March 2024 Canadian Coin and Currency Corp 2 May 2023 Canadian Coronation Medallion Approved by King Charles III CISION archived from the original on 4 March 2024 retrieved 4 March 2024 Prime Minister announces Canadian ceremony to mark the Coronation of His Majesty King Charles III Office of the Prime Minister of Canada 16 March 2023 Archived from the original on 16 March 2023 Retrieved 16 March 2023 a b c d e f Ferreira Jennifer 24 April 2023 Here s how Canada plans to celebrate King Charles III s coronation www ctv ca Bell Media Archived from the original on 24 April 2023 Retrieved 24 April 2023 Woolf Marie 24 April 2023 King Charles s coronation to be marked with 21 gun salute and illumination of Peace Tower in emerald Green www theglobeandmail com The Globe and Mail Archived from the original on 26 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 a b c Celebrate His Majesty s Coronation Government of Canada 16 March 2023 Archived from the original on 16 March 2023 Retrieved 16 March 2023 Major Darren 6 May 2023 Canada marks coronation of King Charles III with national ceremony in Ottawa Archived from the original on 6 May 2023 Retrieved 6 May 2023 Public invited to Rideau Hall to celebrate the Coronation of King Charles III www gg ca Governor General of Canada 4 May 2023 Archived from the original on 8 May 2024 Retrieved 10 May 2023 Weir Brock 20 April 2023 Newmarket Aurora communities invited to MPP s Coronation party for King and Queen www pentictonherald ca Penticton Herald Archived from the original on 21 April 2023 Retrieved 20 April 2023 Edey Noel 11 April 2023 Legion holding celebration for King s coronation cochranenow com Golden West Broadcasting Archived from the original on 21 April 2023 Retrieved 20 April 2023 NCC receives 100 000 in honour of coronation of King Charles III www sasktoday ca Glacier Media Group 8 May 2023 Archived from the original on 8 May 2024 Retrieved 8 May 2023 Special Event Call Signs for the Coronation of King Charles III www rac ca Radio Amateurs of Canada 7 March 2023 Archived from the original on 25 April 2023 Retrieved 25 April 2023 Tasker John Paul 3 May 2023 Trudeau announces Canadian delegation for King Charles s coronation www cbc ca Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 3 May 2023 Retrieved 3 May 2023 a b c The Coronation of His Majesty King Charles III ltgov bc ca Office of the Lieutenant Governor 2023 Archived from the original on 5 May 2023 Retrieved 5 May 2023 a b Nova Scotia Celebrates the Coronation lt gov ns ca Province of Nova Scotia 17 April 2023 Archived from the original on 17 April 2023 Retrieved 17 April 2023 Public invited to viewing of coronation and flag raising www2 gnb ca Government of New Brunswick 27 April 2023 Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Invitation for the Coronation Celebration of King Charles III www lgpei ca Lieutenant Governor of PEI Canada Archived from the original on 28 April 2023 Retrieved 28 April 2023 Media Advisory The Honourable Judy M Foote P C O N L Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador and His Honour Howard W Foote to mark The Coronation of His Majesty King Charles III and Queen Camilla www govhouse nl ca Government of Newfoundland and Labrador 27 April 2023 Archived from the original on 28 April 2023 Retrieved 28 April 2023 a b Coronation Celebration ltgov sk ca Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan Archived from the original on 28 April 2023 Retrieved 29 April 2023 a b c d The Coronation www lgontario ca King s Printer for Ontario 2023 Archived from the original on 14 April 2023 Retrieved 14 April 2023 King s Coronation Celebration lieutenantgovernor ab ca Lieutenant Governor of Alberta 2023 Archived from the original on 22 April 2023 Retrieved 22 April 2023 a b The Coronation of King Charles III ltgov sk ca Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan Archived from the original on 27 April 2023 Retrieved 27 April 2023 Hendricks Jon 1 May 2023 How Manitobans are preparing for the coronation of King Charles winnipeg ctvnews ca Bell Media Archived from the original on 2 May 2023 Retrieved 2 May 2023 Ontario to mark King s coronation with party free entry to tourist attractions o canada com Postmedia Network Archived from the original on 2 May 2023 Retrieved 28 April 2023 Ping William 6 May 2023 N L celebrates coronation of King Charles III with Government House event www cbc ca Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 16 June 2023 Retrieved 16 June 2023 Significant buildings and monuments for illumination Australian Government Archived from the original on 3 May 2023 Retrieved 4 May 2023 Coronation of His Majesty King Charles the Third and Her Majesty The Queen Consort Australian Government 1 May 2023 Archived from the original on 8 May 2024 Retrieved 4 May 2023 Australia salutes new King www defence gov au Australian Government 7 May 2023 Archived from the original on 31 December 2023 Retrieved 31 December 2023 Wood Richard 3 May 2023 Australia s official coronation gift to help save rare parrot www 9news com au Nine Entertainment Archived from the original on 3 May 2023 Retrieved 3 May 2023 The Coronation and how Australia will celebrate Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 4 May 2023 Archived from the original on 8 May 2024 Retrieved 9 January 2024 MOTIONS Coronation of His Majesty King Charles III parlinfo aph gov au 9 May 2023 Archived from the original on 8 May 2024 Retrieved 9 January 2024 Coronation Open Day Saturday 6 May The Governor of Queensland Archived from the original on 14 April 2023 Retrieved 14 April 2023 The Coronation of The King and Queen Consort Government House Western Australia Archived from the original on 22 April 2023 Retrieved 22 April 2022 Government House Victoria Coronation 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au 12 May 2023 Archived from the original on 26 August 2023 Retrieved 26 August 2023 VicGovernor 29 May 2023 This evening the Governor and Mr Howard hosted a reception to mark the Coronation of Their Majesties King Charles III and Queen Camilla at Government House Victoria Tweet Retrieved 30 December 2023 via Twitter a b Salmon James 22 April 2023 What coronation Australia s republicans squash celebrations down under www thetimes co uk Times Media Limited Archived from the original on 23 April 2023 Retrieved 23 April 2023 a b Dornin Tim 28 April 2023 Aussie monarchists set to celebrate in style www standard net au Australian Community Media Archived from the original on 29 April 2023 Retrieved 29 April 2023 Shepherd Tory 5 May 2023 High teas screenings and total apathy how Australia is marking King Charles s coronation www theguardian com Guardian News amp Media Archived from the original on 5 May 2023 Retrieved 6 May 2023 a b c Sadler Rachel 17 April 2023 Chris Hipkins attending King Charles coronation NATO visiting Australia this weekend Newshub Discovery NZ Limited Archived from the original on 17 April 2023 Retrieved 18 April 2023 a b c d Coronation events gg govt nz Government House 31 March 2023 Archived from the original on 8 May 2024 Retrieved 24 April 2023 Perry Nick 26 April 2023 New Zealand plants tree to mark the coronation of King Charles abcnews go com ABC News Internet Ventures Archived from the original on 26 April 2023 Retrieved 26 April 2023 Daly Michael 23 March 2023 Kiwi coins fit for a king with NZ Post minting collector items for Charles coronation Stuff a cla, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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