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Wikipedia

London Overground

March 09, 2023

Not to be confused with London Underground, Overground Network, or Transport in London § Heavy rail.

London Overground (also known simply as the Overground) is a suburban rail network serving London and its environs. Established in 2007 to take over Silverlink Metro routes,[4] it now serves a large part of Greater London as well as the home county of Hertfordshire, with 113 stations on nine different routes.

London Overground
Overview
OwnerTransport for London
LocaleGreater London and Hertfordshire
Transit typeCommuter rail
Number of lines9
Number of stations113 served (81 operated)[1]
Annual ridership189 million[2]
Websitetfl.gov.uk/modes/london-overground/
Operation
Began operation11 November 2007; 15 years ago (2007-11-11)
Operator(s)Arriva Rail London (2016–2024)
Reporting marksLO (National Rail)
Technical
System length167 km (103.8 mi)[3]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification

The Overground forms part of the United Kingdom's National Rail network but it is under the concession control and branding of Transport for London. Operation has been contracted to Arriva Rail London since 2016. TfL assigned orange as a mode-specific colour for the Overground in branding and publicity including the roundel, on the Tube map, trains and stations.[5]

History

Pre-1999

 
British Rail operated North London Line services until 1997
 
From 1997 to 2007, the North London Line was operated by Silverlink

Rail services in Great Britain are mostly run under franchises operated by private train operating companies, marketed together as National Rail.[6]

The concept of developing a network of orbital services around London goes back to the independently produced Ringrail proposals in the early 1970s.[7] Some of these were evaluated in the London Rail Study of 1974[8] (the Barren Report) and Barren suggested consideration of a North London Network of orbital services, based on a later suggestion by the Ringrail Group, which involved using many existing rail routes, rather than the new construction suggested in earlier drafts of the Ringrail Plan.

The proposal from Barren was for several overlapping services mainly using the North London line, generally at 20-minute intervals.[7] The suggested routes followed the original North London line service from Broad Street to Richmond, new services from Barking to Clapham Junction, and a third service from Ealing Broadway to North Woolwich. However, the Wilson government's continuing antipathy to the railways,[citation needed] along with British Rail's management's lack of interest in minor local train services, meant that few of these initiatives were carried forward.

In 1979, the then Greater London Council (GLC) decided to sponsor an improved service from Camden Road, on the North London line, to North Woolwich, opening up a previously freight-only line between Dalston and Stratford and linking it to an improved Stratford – North Woolwich service. This was given the marketing name Crosstown Linkline, and operated with basic two-car diesel multiple units.

The next initiative came from the GLC in 1984, when the government supported the Broadgate development that would entail the demolition of Broad Street station. The closure process was convoluted because of problems in making alternative arrangements for the North London line, and the remaining services operating from Watford Junction to the City. These eventually ran to and from Liverpool Street via a new section of track, the Graham Road Curve.

British Rail replaced the existing three-car Class 501 electric trains (built 1957)[9] with slightly newer but shorter two-car Class 416 electric trains (built 1959[10]), leading to overcrowding[citation needed]. In 1988, by reorganising and reducing services on the Great Northern routes from Moorgate, about 18 relatively modern Class 313 dual-voltage electric trains were transferred to operate the North London and Watford services, from both Euston and Liverpool Street.

Several voluntary sector groups, the Railway Development Society (RDS, later Railfuture), Transport 2000's then London groups, and the Capital Transport Campaign, launched a series of leaflets and briefings promoting a concept called Outer Circle. This name had once been used for a semi-circular service from Broad Street to Mansion House, which ceased during World War I.

Mayor of London and GLA

 
The East London line, once a part of London Underground, was extended and incorporated into London Overground in 2010

The pamphlets and briefings, first issued in 1997, initially suggested a route from Clapham Junction to the Greenwich Peninsula, intended to improve access from south London to the Millennium Dome. However, this was thwarted by architect Richard Rogers[citation needed] who considered that a railway route on a viaduct could cause "community severance",[citation needed] and so the Victorian brick viaduct was demolished. Nothing further happened to develop this network until after the new Greater London Authority (GLA) was launched in 2000. But the lobbying discreetly continued, with a series of short briefings published by one RDS member based in North London. Mayoral and GLA candidates were approached to discuss the viability of the Outer Circle concept. The principle was widely supported and was adopted into the first Mayor's Transport Plan, published in 2001.

Meanwhile, a pilot scheme was launched in 2003 to bring several National Rail local services, mainly in South London, operated by Connex South Eastern, Southern and South West Trains under the ON – Overground Network brand. TfL introduced consistent information displays, station signage and maps on the selected routes in South London. Although this pilot was primarily an exercise in branding, some service improvements were introduced, and it was the first instance of the newly created TfL having a visible influence over National Rail services. The pilot scheme was later dropped.

In January 2004 the Department for Transport (DfT) announced a review of the rail industry in Great Britain.[11] As part of that review, TfL proposed a "London Regional Rail Authority" to give TfL regulatory powers over rail services in and around Greater London.[12]

A result of this consultation was agreement by the Secretary of State for Transport, Alistair Darling, to transfer the Silverlink Metro services from DfT to TfL control. [13]

Silverlink had two areas of operation: Silverlink County regional services from Euston to Northampton, St Albans Abbey, Bletchley and Bedford; and Silverlink Metro within the London urban area. When the franchise was split up in 2007, County services were taken over by the London Midland franchise,[14] and the Metro services came under TfL control. TfL decided to let this franchise as a management contract, with TfL taking the revenue risk.

Announcements and launch

On 20 February 2006, the DfT announced that TfL would take over management of services then provided by Silverlink Metro.[15] Tenders were invited to operate the service under the provisional name of the North London Railway.[16] On 5 September 2006, London Overground branding was announced, and it was confirmed that the extended East London line would be included.[17]

On 25 June 2007 a statutory instrument was laid before parliament to exclude the ex-Silverlink metro lines from the franchising process which enabled them to be operated as a concession.[18]

 
Initial London Overground network from November 2007 (orange) and the East London line in 2010 (light orange).[19]

On 11 November 2007, TfL took over the North London Railway routes from Silverlink Metro. The following day there was an official launch ceremony at Hampstead Heath station with the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone; there was also a later media event on the bay platform at Willesden Junction.

The launch was accompanied by a marketing campaign entitled "London's new train set", with posters and leaflets carrying an image of model railway packaging containing new Overground trains, tracks and staff.[20]

At the launch, TfL undertook to revamp the routes by improving service frequencies and station facilities, staffing all stations, introducing new rolling stock and allowing Oyster pay as you go throughout the network from the outset.[21]

After the takeover, all stations were "deep-cleaned",[22] and Silverlink branding removed. Station signage was replaced with Overground-branded signs using TfL's corporate New Johnston typeface.[21][22]

On 15 April 2009 the North London line trains at Stratford moved to new high-level platforms 1 and 2 from low-level platforms 1 and 2, which were needed for the Docklands Light Railway's Stratford International service. The new platforms 1 and 2 are an island platform with step-free access to platform 12 and subway links to platforms 3–11.[23]

On 27 September 2009, Imperial Wharf station opened on the West London line, between West Brompton and Clapham Junction.[24]

East London line extension

Main article: East London line extension
 
The new Overground rail bridge is lowered into place over Shoreditch High Street

On 27 April 2010, the East London line became part of the London Overground network when the Phase 1 extension was completed.[25] The former London Underground line was extended northwards, mostly along the former Broad Street viaduct of the North London line, to the re-opened Dalston Junction, and southwards to Crystal Palace and West Croydon.

Operations began with a limited preview service between Dalston Junction and New Cross/New Cross Gate,[26] with full operation between Dalston Junction and West Croydon/Crystal Palace on 23 May.[27] On 28 February 2011, the line between Dalston Junction and Highbury & Islington was opened. In attendance were the Mayor of London and London Underground's Managing Director. TfL announced in November 2010 that ridership was ahead of forecast at 92,000 a day, and that patronage at Surrey Quays had "gone through the roof".[28]

The incorporation of the East London line into the Overground network has added substantial sections of line in tunnel, including the historic Thames Tunnel, the oldest tunnel under a navigable river in the world. A peculiarity is that at Whitechapel the London Overground runs below the London Underground (though there are other parts of the network where this occurs, e.g. the Watford Junction to Euston route between Kenton and South Kenton – shared with the Bakerloo line – passes under the Metropolitan line between Northwick Park and Preston Road).

South London line extension

Main article: South London line
 
Denmark Hill station on the Overground South London line extension

The next addition opened on 9 December 2012, from Surrey Quays to Clapham Junction via the South London line, calling at Queens Road Peckham, Peckham Rye, Denmark Hill, Clapham High Street and Wandsworth Road. The extension uses an alignment between Surrey Quays and just north of Queen's Road Peckham that had been disused since 1911; new track was laid after some major civil engineering works. Passive provision has also been made for a new station at New Bermondsey, to be constructed when funding becomes fully available. This was put on hold in 2009, although a suitable station 'foundation structure' has been built to facilitate completion in the future.

Funding for the railway rebuilding project was secured in February 2009,[29] including £64 million from the DfT and £15 million from TfL, and construction began in May 2011.

The route passes over both Loughborough Junction and Brixton stations without stopping, and this lack of interchange stations was criticised by local politicians during the planning phase of the project.[30][31] No stations are planned at these locations as the line is on high railway arches, making the cost of any station construction prohibitive.[32]

Liverpool Street station services

On 31 May 2015 the Liverpool Street to Enfield Town, Cheshunt (via Seven Sisters) and Chingford services, as well as the Romford to Upminster service, were transferred from Greater Anglia to TfL to become part of the London Overground network.[33][34]

Network

Introduction

The initial network, service levels and timetables were a continuation of Silverlink Metro services, a set of routes primarily built and electrified by the North London and London & North Western railway companies in the 19th and early 20th centuries. As the Overground name implies, the majority of the network is above ground, and it mostly consists of railway lines that connect areas outside Central London, with a considerable portion of the network in Zone 2. The network also uses Euston in central London, the southern terminus of the Watford DC line.

The network interchanges with the Bakerloo, Central, District, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Northern, Circle, Metropolitan and Victoria tube lines, and also with the Docklands Light Railway, Tramlink and Elizabeth line networks. The Overground lines appear on Tube maps issued by TfL,[35] and a separate map of the system is available.[36]

Much of London Overground passes through less affluent areas, and is seen as contributing to their regeneration.[37] The North London and Gospel Oak to Barking lines were previously considered by the Transport Committee of the London Assembly to be neglected and not developed to their full potential.[38]

London Overground network
  •  

    Schematic map of the London Overground network

  •  

    Geographic map showing London Overground with Underground and DLR

London Overground
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(limited service)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Legend
 
Station
National Rail
 
Accessible station
Thameslink
 
Interchange station
Elizabeth line
 
Accessible interchange
Docklands Light Railway
London Underground
 
Internal interchange
London Trams
 
Out-of-station interchange
London River Services

Services

As of December 2022, the typical off-peak service pattern is:[39]

East London line
Route tph Calling at
Dalston Junction to New Cross 4
Dalston Junction to Clapham Junction 4
Highbury & Islington to Crystal Palace 4
Highbury & Islington to West Croydon 4
  • Canonbury
  • Dalston Junction
  • Haggerston
  • Hoxton
  • Shoreditch High Street, Whitechapel
  • Shadwell
  • Wapping
  • Rotherhithe
  • Canada Water
  • Surrey Quays
  • New Cross Gate
  • Brockley
  • Honor Oak Park
  • Forest Hill
  • Sydenham
  • Penge West
  • Anerley
  • Norwood Junction
North London line
Route tph Calling at
Richmond to Stratford 4
Clapham Junction to Stratford 4
  • Imperial Wharf
  • West Brompton
  • Kensington (Olympia)
  • Shepherd's Bush
  • Willesden Junction
  • Kensal Rise
  • Brondesbury Park
  • Brondesbury
  • West Hampstead
  • Finchley Road & Frognal
  • Hampstead Heath
  • Gospel Oak
  • Kentish Town West
  • Camden Road
  • Caledonian Road & Barnsbury
  • Highbury & Islington
  • Canonbury
  • Dalston Kingsland
  • Hackney Central
  • Homerton
  • Hackney Wick
Watford DC line
Route tph Calling at
Watford Junction to London Euston 4
Gospel Oak to Barking line
Route tph Calling at
Gospel Oak to Barking Riverside 4
Lea Valley lines
Route tph Calling at
London Liverpool Street to Enfield Town 2
London Liverpool Street to Cheshunt 2
  • Bethnal Green
  • Cambridge Heath
  • London Fields
  • Hackney Downs
  • Rectory Road
  • Stoke Newington
  • Stamford Hill
  • Seven Sisters
  • Bruce Grove
  • White Hart Lane
  • Silver Street
  • Edmonton Green
  • Southbury
  • Turkey Street
  • Theobalds Grove
London Liverpool Street to Chingford 4
Romford–Upminster line
Route tph Calling at
Romford to Upminster 2

Battersea Park railway station is served by an infrequent parliamentary train service from Dalston Junction, which terminates at Battersea Park instead of Clapham Junction. Since the reorganization of services into the London Overground network, this has been the only service to use the link from platform 2 at Battersea Park to Wandsworth Road.


Depots

Highbury & Islington to New Cross, Clapham Junction, Crystal Palace and West Croydon services are served by New Cross Gate TMD.

Richmond and Clapham Junction to Stratford, Watford Junction to Euston, and Gospel Oak to Barking services are served by Willesden TMD.

London Liverpool Street to Enfield Town, Cheshunt and Chingford, and Romford to Upminster are served by Ilford EMU Depot, Chingford sidings and Gidea Park Sidings.

Operations

 
Overground House, the head office in Swiss Cottage
 
London Overground EMUs stabled at Willesden TMD

London Overground's head office and control centre are at Swiss Cottage. Rolling stock is maintained at Willesden Junction and New Cross Gate TMDs, the latter being newly built for the extended East London line. There are also sidings at Silwood Triangle (just north of New Cross depot), built in 2013–14. Satellite locations for stabling trains include Stratford, London Euston and sidings (mainly used by London Northwestern Railway), and c2c's East Ham Depot. Train crews are based at stations including Euston, Willesden Junction, Watford Junction, New Cross, Stratford and Gospel Oak. Until recently London Overground operated with a conductor or guard on its North London, West London and Gospel Oak services. With the other 60% of Overground services already operated by only a driver, it was decided in 2013 to convert these remaining two-person operated trains to driver only.[40]

Operator

London Overground is operated by a private company, Arriva Rail London. Following a model similar to that used for the Docklands Light Railway, TfL invited tenders for operation of the Overground. Unlike other National Rail operators under the franchise control of the Department for Transport, TfL sets fares, procures rolling stock and decides service levels. The operator takes only a small element of revenue risk, with TfL taking 90% and the operator 10%.

The first operator, London Overground Rail Operations, a 50:50 joint venture between Laing Rail and MTR Corporation, was chosen by TfL on 19 June 2007.[41] The contract was signed on 2 July 2007 for seven years with the option of a two-year extension.[42] In preparation for the launch of the Overground, MTR Laing renamed itself London Overground Rail Operations. In February 2013, it was awarded a concession extension until 14 November 2016.

In April 2015, TfL placed a notice in the Official Journal of the European Union, inviting expressions of interest in operating the next concession.[43] In March 2016, TfL announced that Arriva Rail London had won the right to operate the London Overground concession, starting from 13 November 2016.[44][45]

Ticketing

 
Electronic ticket barriers at Surrey Quays Station

Ticketing is a mix of paper, Oyster cards, electronic smart cards and contactless payment cards for "pay-as-you-go" travel. As with all National Rail and TfL services in London, passengers can use a Travelcard (daily, seven-day, monthly or annual); as on other National Rail services in London, paper single, return and cheap day return tickets priced under the zonal fare scheme are also available.

As part of an effort to improve safety and protect revenue, TfL has announced that it will introduce ticket barriers at a number of stations. The stations that did not have barriers when TfL took over have been fitted with standalone Oyster card readers similar to those at ungated Underground and DLR stations. The validators at Blackhorse Road which were needed to enter/exit the Oyster card system when changing to and from the Victoria line were replaced with route validators, coloured pink: these are used to show that a traveller using Oyster PAYG changed lines at that station, showing which of the possible routes was used. Typically, this avoids paying for zone 1 when the passenger did not travel into it.

Ticket stock is common National Rail stock, as Overground services remain part of the National Rail network, but sometimes with a large TfL roundel in the centre and the repeated legend "Rail Settlement Plan" or on newer versions "National Rail" on a light green background. This ticket stock, coded "TFL" on the reverse, was introduced in November 2007.[46]

Ticket pricing

Oyster PAYG is charged on the same zone-based rules as for the Underground and the Docklands Light Railway. Stations outside Greater London (except Watford Junction) are included in the new Travelcard Zones 7-9. On 2 January 2008 Acton Central was moved from zone 2 to 3, Hampstead Heath from 3 to 2 and Willesden Junction from 3 to both 2 and 3.[47]

Paper tickets are charged on the same zone-based rules as for Underground and DLR paper tickets, which were expanded to take in the extra zones covered. Watford Junction has its own fare scale. Paper tickets are significantly more expensive than using Oyster PAYG.

Performance

Although a TfL service, the Overground is part of the National Rail network, unlike the Underground. The most recent figures released by Network Rail (NR), for period 7 (2013–2014), showed that it had achieved 96.6% of the Public Performance Measure (PPM) target for punctuality and reliability set by the ORR – down 0.9 percentage points on the period last year. The moving annual average (MAA) of the PPM for the 12 months to 12 October 2013 was 96.5%.[48] TfL, in conjunction with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has investigated the use of data from the Oyster smartcard ticketing system to measure the performance of the Overground explicitly from the passenger perspective.[49]

In the autumn 2011 National Passenger Survey, conducted by Passenger Focus, London Overground received an overall satisfaction rating of 92%, a 7% improvement on the previous survey.[50] However, a survey in February 2014 by the consumer group Which? found that customer satisfaction of London Overground was at sixth place (out of 20 train operators) with a satisfaction percentage of 58%.[51]

Branding

 
The London Overground roundel and 3D lettering at Shadwell station
 
Signage at Emerson Park Station

Public presentation is visually associated with TfL design standards, using similar graphic design elements to those used on the Underground. These design standards have been applied to London Overground stations, signage, rolling stock and publicity. London Overground also uses the TfL corporate typeface, New Johnston, on its signage, publicity, and stationery and on its fleet of trains. In common with other TfL services, the Overground is denoted by its own colour, a vivid orange (Pantone 158C). The orange colour was inherited from the former East London line prior to its transfer from Underground to Overground.[5][35][52]

London Overground lines are shown on the tube map in orange; the map does not use colours to distinguish between the different Overground lines. Like the Docklands Light Railway and the Elizabeth line, the Overground is represented by a double line rather than a solid single line, to distinguish it from the colour-coded Underground lines. The London Overground also uses a variant of the TfL roundel. TfL denotes its different transport modes such as London Underground and London Buses with variants of the roundel device using a range of colours, and the London Overground version consists of an orange ring with a blue bar. The roundel has its origins in a 1933 design by the London Passenger Transport Board and has spawned many variations.[35][53][54] All Overground lines are also not officially distinguished by individual names, unlike the Underground. Some services such as the Gospel Oak to Barking line is nicknamed colloquially as the "Goblin". Mayor of London Sadiq Khan in April 2022 pledged that he would invite Londoners to give all Overground lines individual names to reflect their "diverse history" if he be reelected in 2024.[55]

Unlike other National Rail stations, London Overground stations which are not served by another National Rail operator now omit the red National Rail "double arrow" logo from signage outside the stations, using only the Overground roundel instead.[56] A few refurbished or new stations on the reopened East London line display the station name in large orange three-dimensional uppercase letters.[citation needed]

Passenger numbers

Passenger numbers have grown very quickly since the start of London Overground in 2007. There were big increases in 2010/11 and 2011/12 due to the opening of the extensions of the East London line and South London line. The transfer of some suburban services from Liverpool Street in May 2015 from the Greater Anglia franchise to London Overground also distorted numbers, contributing to a very large growth between 2014/15 and 2015/16.[34]

 
London Overground passenger numbers (millions) 2008/09-2018/19 Q1[57][58]
Annual Passenger Numbers[57][58][59]
Year Passengers
(millions) 		% Change
2007–08 28.8 N/A
2008–09 33.2  15.3
2009–10 34.3  3.3
2010–11 57.2  66.8
2011–12 102.6  79.4
2012–13 124.6  21.4
2013–14 135.7  8.9
2014–15 139.8  3.0
2015–16 184.4  31.9
2016–17 188.8  2.4
2017–18 189.8  0.9
2018–19 188.1  0.8
2019–20 186  1
2020–21 59.2  68

Rolling stock

 
Class 378 "Capitalstar" unit 378216 departs Gospel Oak with a North London line service to Stratford. Class 313 and Class 508 units were gradually phased out of London Overground services in favour of these units.
 
The interior of a Class 378, showing the longitudinal tube-style seating.

Since the London Overground took over from Silverlink, TfL has pursued a programme of rolling-stock replacement in order to remove from service the ageing second-generation EMUs and Class 150 DMUs it inherited from Silverlink. In 2009, Class 378 Capitalstars built by Bombardier's Derby Litchurch Lane Works were introduced on the electrified lines to replace the Class 313 and Class 508 units used previously, while the Class 150s were replaced by new Class 172 Turbostar units on the non-electrified Gospel Oak to Barking Line. By October 2010, the new rolling stock had completely replaced the units previously operated by Silverlink.[60][61][62] The Class 313 and 150s were cascaded to other train operating companies Southern, First Capital Connect and First Great Western. The Class 508 units were stored at Eastleigh Works but were subsequently scrapped in 2013 after being deemed unfit.

Before its closure to become part of the London Overground, services on the East London line were operated with London Underground A60 and A62 Stock.

The Class 378 trains were officially unveiled at Willesden Junction on 13 July 2009. They include a number of tube-style features, including longitudinal seating and increased standing room to provide a high-capacity metro service. They also benefit from walk-through carriage interiors and air conditioning.[63][64] The North London line has a base fleet of 24 four-car units, Class 378/2. However, these were delivered as three-car units (378/0), with the extended trains being introduced from September 2010, following platform extension works and delivery of the first 20 four-car units (378/1) for the East London line.[65] A further 13 dual-voltage units were delivered to expand services, taking the total fleet to 57 four-car units. These trains are to be extended to five-car sets towards the end of 2014, starting with the East London line sets.

The trains are leased from newly formed rolling stock company (ROSCO) QW Rail Leasing until 2027. TfL planned initially to buy the new fleet outright, but in February 2008 announced that it would lease the trains in order to free up the £250 million capital cost of purchase, combined with reducing the risk of making a loss through any future sell-on of the fleet.[66]

Eight two-car Class 172/0 units, leased from Angel Trains, entered service in 2010.[67] At first their speed was restricted to 40 mph (64 km/h) but the restriction was lifted when a test was found to be flawed.[68]

TfL invited expressions of interest for a total of 39 four-car EMUs in April 2014, with 30 required for the Lea Valley lines, eight for the Gospel Oak to Barking line, and one for the Romford–Upminster line – all to replace older Class 172, Class 315 and Class 317 trains.[69] Since then the planned procurement was increased to 45 four-car EMUs, with the additional six units intended for the Watford DC Line. In July 2015, TfL announced that it had placed a £260M order for 45 four-car Bombardier Aventra EMUs, with an option for 24 more, for use on the Lea Valley lines and the Watford DC line, Gospel Oak to Barking line and Romford–Upminster line from 2018. The type will be known as the Class 710 and will be similar to the Class 345 used by Crossrail.[70] Nine further units were ordered in February 2018, split between an additional three Class 710/2 units for use on the extended Gospel Oak to Barking line, and six 5-car units to allow Class 378 units to be cascaded to strengthened East London line services.[71]

On 22 May 2019, TfL announced that approval had been gained for the Class 710s to enter passenger service. The first two units entered service on the Gospel Oak to Barking line on Thursday 23 May 2019 and the remaining six were in service by August 2019, with the first unit entering service on the Watford DC line on 9 September 2019. The first units on the Lea Valley lines entered service on 3 March 2020 after a first attempt on 24 February 2020.[72] Their use on Romford–Upminster line services began in October 2020.[73]

Current fleet

Family  Class Image Type  Top speed   Number   Train numbers   Coaches   Seat layout   Years built 
 mph   km/h 
Bombardier Electrostar 378/1 Capitalstar   EMU 75 120 20 378135–154 5 Longitudinal 2009–2010
 
378/2 Capitalstar   EMU 75 120 37
  • 378201–378234
  • 378255–378257
 5 Longitudinal 2008–2011
 
Bombardier Aventra 710/1   EMU 75 120 30 710101–130 4 Longitudinal 2017–2020
 
710/2   EMU 75 120 18 710256–273 4 Longitudinal 2017–2020